Wrecked And Retching: Obscure Vomiting Illness Linked To Long-Term Pot Use
Will Legal Marijuana Lead to More People Smoking Tobacco?
Voters May Expand Legal Access to Marijuana in California, 8 Other States
California Could Soon Legalize Marijuana But Pot’s Brain Effects Remain a Mystery
Doctors Unprepared as States Legalize Medical Marijuana
Oakland, S.F. Revise Medical Marijuana Regulations in Face of New State Law
Like Alcohol, Heavy Pot Use Linked to Economic, Social Problems
Washington Scientists Building Marijuana Breathalyzer To ID Stoned Drivers
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He worked on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/the-bay/\">The Bay, \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545\">The California Report Magazine\u003c/a>, as well as hosting and producing the weekly \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/program/qedup/\">Q'ed Up podcast. \u003c/a>He also helped inaugurate KQED's weekend news coverage in 2017 as one of two original digital producers. Ryan holds degrees in multimedia journalism and Spanish from the University of Missouri.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4cb2ddd028ac8807d1adf09609c5555d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"ryan_levi","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"perspectives","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"breakingnews","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Ryan Levi | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4cb2ddd028ac8807d1adf09609c5555d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4cb2ddd028ac8807d1adf09609c5555d?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/rlevi"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"stateofhealth_362041":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_362041","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"362041","score":null,"sort":[1511272853000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"wrecked-and-retching-obscure-vomiting-illness-linked-to-long-term-pot-use","title":"Wrecked And Retching: Obscure Vomiting Illness Linked To Long-Term Pot Use","publishDate":1511272853,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Healthline | State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":3036,"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cp>For 17 years, Chalfonte LeNee Queen suffered periodic episodes of violent retching and abdominal pain that would knock her off her feet for days, sometimes leaving her writhing on the floor in pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve screamed out for death,” said Queen, 48, who lives in San Diego. “I’ve cried out for my mom who’s been dead for 20 years, mentally not realizing she can’t come to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Queen lost a modeling job after being mistaken for an alcoholic. She racked up tens of thousands of dollars in medical bills, and her nausea interrupted her sex life. Toward the end of her illness, Queen, who stands 5-foot-9, weighed in at a frail 109 pounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the nearly two decades of pain, vomiting and mental fog, she visited the hospital about three times a year, but doctors never got to the bottom of what was ailing her. By 2016, she thought she was dying, that she “must have some sort of cancer or something they can’t detect,” Queen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she didn’t have cancer. She had an obscure syndrome called \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3576702/\">cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome\u003c/a>, a condition only recently acknowledged by the medical community. It affects a small population — namely, a subset of marijuana users who smoke multiple times a day for months, years or even decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no hard data on the prevalence of the illness. But in California and Colorado, which have loosened marijuana laws in recent years, emergency physicians say they’re seeing it more often. One \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4469074/\">study\u003c/a> in Colorado suggests there may be a link.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Aimee Moulin, an emergency room physician at UC-Davis Medical Center in Sacramento, said she has seen a rise in the number of cases since California voters legalized recreational marijuana last November. She expects to see another increase after commercial sales are permitted starting in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors say it’s difficult to treat the condition. There is no cure other than to quit using marijuana, and many patients are skeptical that cannabis is making them sick, so they keep using it and their vomiting episodes continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors can do little to relieve the symptoms, since traditional anti-nausea medications often don’t work and there are no pills to prevent the onset of an episode. Patients may need intravenous hydration and hospital stays until the symptoms subside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s really frustrating as an emergency physician,” said Moulin. “I really like to make people feel better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diagnosing the syndrome can also be frustrating — and expensive. There is no blood test to link the stomach ailment with marijuana use, so physicians often order pricey CT scans and lab tests to rule out other medical problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome was \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1774264/\">first documented in Australia\u003c/a> in 2004. Physicians have historically misdiagnosed it as the more generic \u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20352161\">cyclic vomiting syndrome\u003c/a>, which has no identifiable cause or, as in Queen’s case, \u003ca href=\"http://www.porphyriafoundation.com/about-porphyria/types-of-porphyria/AIP\">acute intermittent porphyria (AIP)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Five years ago, this wasn’t something that [doctors] had on their radar,” said Dr. Kennon Heard, an emergency physician at the University of Colorado in Aurora, who co-authored the Colorado study showing a possible tie between the liberalization of marijuana and a surge of the vomiting illness. “We’re at least making the diagnosis more now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One surefire sign of the illness is when patients find relief in hot showers and baths. Queen said she would vomit repeatedly unless she was in a hot shower — so she’d stay in there for hours. Toxicologists say the heat may distract the brain from pain receptors in the abdomen but, like the syndrome itself, that phenomenon is \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3751385/\">not well understood\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exact cause of the condition is still a mystery. Toxicologists say the chemical compounds in marijuana may throw off the normal function of the body’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18426493\">cannabinoid receptors\u003c/a>, which help regulate the nervous system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people may be genetically predisposed to the syndrome, or marijuana’s potency or chemical makeup may have changed over time, said Dr. Craig Smollin, medical director of the San Francisco division of the California Poison Control System, who also works as an emergency physician at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vomiting link to cannabis is counterintuitive to many, because of its widely known reputation as an anti-nausea remedy for cancer patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of times, people just don’t believe you,” said Dr. John Coburn, an emergency physician at Kaiser Permanente in south Sacramento. Even after being told that quitting may help, some patients will visit the hospital multiple times before they stop smoking marijuana, Coburn said. “I can’t really tell you why. I mean, why do people ride motorcycles without helmets on?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cameron Nicole Beard, 19, of East Moline, Ill., said she struggled to believe her doctors about the link between pot and severe vomiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who wants to be told you can’t smoke marijuana, when you think marijuana can help?” said Beard, while recovering from a marijuana-related vomiting episode at a University of Iowa hospital in Iowa City, Iowa, last month. She said she had lost 20 pounds in 10 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although there’s still no magic cure for a patient’s marijuana-related hyperemesis, Moulin and other doctors say \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28370228\">they’re getting better at treating\u003c/a> the symptoms, using old anti-psychotic medications and cream for muscle aches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Heard said the cases in Colorado seem to have leveled off. But without hard data, and because the overall numbers are small, it’s hard to say for sure. Heard said he doesn’t believe cases of the pot syndrome increased after recreational use was legalized in 2012, because chronic users probably already had medical marijuana cards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chalfonte LeNee Queen is still struggling to completely quit marijuana, but her symptoms are down to a dull stomachache. She now smokes a couple of times a day, compared with her near-constant use in the past. She said it’s the only thing that works for her depression and anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Queen is back to a healthy weight and hasn’t been to the hospital in a year. She said she wouldn’t want to discourage anybody from smoking weed; she just wants people to know heavy use can bring them some serious misery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, if I get sick, as sad as I’ll be and as upset and disappointed with myself as I would be, at least it’s a freaking choice,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Doctors have only recently begun to acknowledge cannabinoid hyperemesis, an obscure syndrome that can strike heavy pot smokers. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1511894202,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":1127},"headData":{"title":"Wrecked And Retching: Obscure Vomiting Illness Linked To Long-Term Pot Use | KQED","description":"Doctors have only recently begun to acknowledge cannabinoid hyperemesis, an obscure syndrome that can strike heavy pot smokers. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Wrecked And Retching: Obscure Vomiting Illness Linked To Long-Term Pot Use","datePublished":"2017-11-21T14:00:53.000Z","dateModified":"2017-11-28T18:36:42.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"362041 https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=362041","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2017/11/21/wrecked-and-retching-obscure-vomiting-illness-linked-to-long-term-pot-use/","disqusTitle":"Wrecked And Retching: Obscure Vomiting Illness Linked To Long-Term Pot Use","nprByline":"\u003cstrong>Pauline Bartolone\u003c/strong>, California Healthline","path":"/stateofhealth/362041/wrecked-and-retching-obscure-vomiting-illness-linked-to-long-term-pot-use","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For 17 years, Chalfonte LeNee Queen suffered periodic episodes of violent retching and abdominal pain that would knock her off her feet for days, sometimes leaving her writhing on the floor in pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve screamed out for death,” said Queen, 48, who lives in San Diego. “I’ve cried out for my mom who’s been dead for 20 years, mentally not realizing she can’t come to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Queen lost a modeling job after being mistaken for an alcoholic. She racked up tens of thousands of dollars in medical bills, and her nausea interrupted her sex life. Toward the end of her illness, Queen, who stands 5-foot-9, weighed in at a frail 109 pounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the nearly two decades of pain, vomiting and mental fog, she visited the hospital about three times a year, but doctors never got to the bottom of what was ailing her. By 2016, she thought she was dying, that she “must have some sort of cancer or something they can’t detect,” Queen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she didn’t have cancer. She had an obscure syndrome called \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3576702/\">cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome\u003c/a>, a condition only recently acknowledged by the medical community. It affects a small population — namely, a subset of marijuana users who smoke multiple times a day for months, years or even decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no hard data on the prevalence of the illness. But in California and Colorado, which have loosened marijuana laws in recent years, emergency physicians say they’re seeing it more often. One \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4469074/\">study\u003c/a> in Colorado suggests there may be a link.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Aimee Moulin, an emergency room physician at UC-Davis Medical Center in Sacramento, said she has seen a rise in the number of cases since California voters legalized recreational marijuana last November. She expects to see another increase after commercial sales are permitted starting in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors say it’s difficult to treat the condition. There is no cure other than to quit using marijuana, and many patients are skeptical that cannabis is making them sick, so they keep using it and their vomiting episodes continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors can do little to relieve the symptoms, since traditional anti-nausea medications often don’t work and there are no pills to prevent the onset of an episode. Patients may need intravenous hydration and hospital stays until the symptoms subside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s really frustrating as an emergency physician,” said Moulin. “I really like to make people feel better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diagnosing the syndrome can also be frustrating — and expensive. There is no blood test to link the stomach ailment with marijuana use, so physicians often order pricey CT scans and lab tests to rule out other medical problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome was \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1774264/\">first documented in Australia\u003c/a> in 2004. Physicians have historically misdiagnosed it as the more generic \u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20352161\">cyclic vomiting syndrome\u003c/a>, which has no identifiable cause or, as in Queen’s case, \u003ca href=\"http://www.porphyriafoundation.com/about-porphyria/types-of-porphyria/AIP\">acute intermittent porphyria (AIP)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Five years ago, this wasn’t something that [doctors] had on their radar,” said Dr. Kennon Heard, an emergency physician at the University of Colorado in Aurora, who co-authored the Colorado study showing a possible tie between the liberalization of marijuana and a surge of the vomiting illness. “We’re at least making the diagnosis more now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One surefire sign of the illness is when patients find relief in hot showers and baths. Queen said she would vomit repeatedly unless she was in a hot shower — so she’d stay in there for hours. Toxicologists say the heat may distract the brain from pain receptors in the abdomen but, like the syndrome itself, that phenomenon is \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3751385/\">not well understood\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exact cause of the condition is still a mystery. Toxicologists say the chemical compounds in marijuana may throw off the normal function of the body’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18426493\">cannabinoid receptors\u003c/a>, which help regulate the nervous system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people may be genetically predisposed to the syndrome, or marijuana’s potency or chemical makeup may have changed over time, said Dr. Craig Smollin, medical director of the San Francisco division of the California Poison Control System, who also works as an emergency physician at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vomiting link to cannabis is counterintuitive to many, because of its widely known reputation as an anti-nausea remedy for cancer patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of times, people just don’t believe you,” said Dr. John Coburn, an emergency physician at Kaiser Permanente in south Sacramento. Even after being told that quitting may help, some patients will visit the hospital multiple times before they stop smoking marijuana, Coburn said. “I can’t really tell you why. I mean, why do people ride motorcycles without helmets on?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cameron Nicole Beard, 19, of East Moline, Ill., said she struggled to believe her doctors about the link between pot and severe vomiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who wants to be told you can’t smoke marijuana, when you think marijuana can help?” said Beard, while recovering from a marijuana-related vomiting episode at a University of Iowa hospital in Iowa City, Iowa, last month. She said she had lost 20 pounds in 10 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although there’s still no magic cure for a patient’s marijuana-related hyperemesis, Moulin and other doctors say \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28370228\">they’re getting better at treating\u003c/a> the symptoms, using old anti-psychotic medications and cream for muscle aches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Heard said the cases in Colorado seem to have leveled off. But without hard data, and because the overall numbers are small, it’s hard to say for sure. Heard said he doesn’t believe cases of the pot syndrome increased after recreational use was legalized in 2012, because chronic users probably already had medical marijuana cards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chalfonte LeNee Queen is still struggling to completely quit marijuana, but her symptoms are down to a dull stomachache. She now smokes a couple of times a day, compared with her near-constant use in the past. She said it’s the only thing that works for her depression and anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Queen is back to a healthy weight and hasn’t been to the hospital in a year. She said she wouldn’t want to discourage anybody from smoking weed; she just wants people to know heavy use can bring them some serious misery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, if I get sick, as sad as I’ll be and as upset and disappointed with myself as I would be, at least it’s a freaking choice,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/362041/wrecked-and-retching-obscure-vomiting-illness-linked-to-long-term-pot-use","authors":["byline_stateofhealth_362041"],"categories":["stateofhealth_2407","stateofhealth_12","stateofhealth_2746","stateofhealth_1"],"tags":["stateofhealth_3202","stateofhealth_3186","stateofhealth_2808","stateofhealth_2622","stateofhealth_2519","stateofhealth_3185","stateofhealth_3203"],"affiliates":["stateofhealth_3036"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_362042","label":"stateofhealth_3036"},"stateofhealth_260937":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_260937","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"260937","score":null,"sort":[1479497512000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"will-legal-marijuana-lead-to-more-people-smoking-tobacco","title":"Will Legal Marijuana Lead to More People Smoking Tobacco?","publishDate":1479497512,"format":"standard","headTitle":"State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>California's decision to legalize marijuana was touted as a victory for those who had argued that the state needed a system to decriminalize, regulate and tax it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the new law, approved by voters on Nov. 8, also could be a boon to the tobacco industry at a time when cigarette smoking is down and cigarette companies are looking for ways to expand their market, according to researchers in Los Angeles County and around the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They warn that unless the state proceeds carefully, the legalization of marijuana for recreational use could roll back some of the gains California has made in reducing the use of tobacco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a concern that there could be a potential renormalization of smoking,\" says Michael Ong, an associate professor at UCLA's David Geffen School of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ong says it will depend on how the initiative is implemented, whether officials follow through on the regulation, and how involved public health officials are with it. \"It will be important to make sure that we don't have a setback in terms of what we have done for clean air in California ... and what we have done to reduce tobacco's harms,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ethan Nadelmann, executive director of the Drug Policy Alliance, which supports marijuana legalization, defended the measure, saying there is no evidence that legalization leads to increased cannabis consumption — or tobacco smoking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's adult smoking rate is the second-lowest in the country, at 11.6 percent, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/tobacco/Documents/CDPH%20CTCP%20Refresh/Research%20and%20Evaluation/Facts%20and%20Figures/FactsFigures2016PrePrintEditionV2.pdf?ncid=txtlnkusaolp00000618\" target=\"_blank\">California Department of Public Health\u003c/a>. The smoking rate dropped by more than 50 percent between 1988 and 2014, cutting health care costs and reducing tobacco-related diseases, according to the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The headway against smoking over the past few decades is due to a combination of factors, including tobacco taxes, laws restricting where people can smoke, and broad-based media campaigns and programs to help people quit. Despite the decline in smoking, the use of e-cigarettes has increased dramatically over the past few years, with nearly 10 percent of adults ages 18 through 24 now using them, according to the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another ballot initiative passed by voters last week could push the smoking rate even lower. Prop. 56 will add $2 per pack to the tax on cigarettes and increases taxes on electronic cigarettes that contain nicotine and other tobacco products. The money will help pay for health care and increase funding for tobacco control and prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The marijuana initiative, Prop. 64, allows adults ages 21 and over to grow, buy and possess small amounts of marijuana for personal use. It also regulates recreational marijuana businesses and imposes taxes that will help pay for drug education and prevention programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonnie Halpern-Felsher, a pediatrics professor at the Stanford University School of Medicine, says she is concerned that there may not be enough education and prevention written into the proposition, especially targeted at youth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marijuana is already the most widely used illegal drug among adolescents. Many young people consider marijuana and blunts, which are marijuana rolled with a tobacco leaf wrapper, to be more socially acceptable and less risky than cigarettes, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27746339\" target=\"_blank\">recent study\u003c/a> co-authored by Halpern-Felsher. The study also found that youths who saw messages about the benefits of marijuana were more likely to use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blunts are particularly worrisome because they contain nicotine as well as marijuana, Halpern-Felsher says. Many young people may not understand the risk of blunts or marijuana, she notes, and once they start thinking that smoking one product is acceptable, they may believe it's OK to smoke other things as well. \"That's my concern,\" she says. \"I do think people are going to generalize.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the tobacco industry's point of view, marijuana could serve as a \"smoke inhalation trainer,\" and thus become a gateway to tobacco use, says Robert K. Jackler, a professor at the Stanford School of Medicine who researches tobacco advertising. He says tobacco and marijuana are marketed in similar ways — as products to help people relax and ease their stress. \"There is tremendous overlap potential,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tobacco companies could easily try to exploit that similarity to enter the marijuana market, Jackler says. They already have enormous influence on state laws and regulations, and could try to set up small dispensaries and make marijuana another one of their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The tobacco industry is always looking for replacement products because, at least in America, smoking is down,\" he says. \"This will give them a new entry into the market. They are best equipped to exploit this market opportunity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the tobacco industry considered getting into the marijuana market in the 1960s and 70s and could easily do so, says Stanton Glantz, a professor at University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine. Glantz believes that even as the newly approved tobacco tax reduces California's smoking rate further, legalized marijuana will help sustain the tobacco market. He says he expected to see mass marketing and branding of marijuana over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with some therapeutic benefits of marijuana, there are also health risks, Glantz says. \"The likely costs that are going to be incurred by all the marijuana-induced diseases don't come close to being covered by the taxes that are written into Prop. 64,\" he warns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative should have included higher taxes, graphic warning labels, provisions to keep demand low and a broad-based education campaign like there is on tobacco, Glantz argues. \"The ideal situation is where it's legal so nobody is thrown in jail, but nobody wants to buy it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legalization supporters said they don't believe the tobacco industry will get involved in the marijuana market until and unless federal prohibition ends. Marijuana is still illegal under federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nadelmann, of the pro-marijuana Drug Policy Alliance, says it is misguided to conflate the two products. Young people can distinguish between the effects of cigarettes and marijuana, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Teenagers are actually smarter than most of the adult propaganda,\" Nadelmann says. \"They know smoking cigarettes is really stupid and that smoking marijuana is not such a major issue.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>Kaiser Health News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, which publishes\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>California Healthline\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, an editorially independent service of the\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>California Health Care Foundation\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 Kaiser Health News. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Will+Legal+Marijuana+Lead+To+More+People+Smoking+Tobacco%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California boasts one of the lowest rates of tobacco smoking in the nation, but some worry new marijuana laws will change that.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1479505125,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":1061},"headData":{"title":"Will Legal Marijuana Lead to More People Smoking Tobacco? | KQED","description":"California boasts one of the lowest rates of tobacco smoking in the nation, but some worry new marijuana laws will change that.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Will Legal Marijuana Lead to More People Smoking Tobacco?","datePublished":"2016-11-18T19:31:52.000Z","dateModified":"2016-11-18T21:38:45.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"260937 http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=260937","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/11/18/will-legal-marijuana-lead-to-more-people-smoking-tobacco/","disqusTitle":"Will Legal Marijuana Lead to More People Smoking Tobacco?","source":"Kaiser Health News","nprImageCredit":"PhotoAlto/Katarina Sundelin","nprByline":"Anna Gorman","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"502567273","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=502567273&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/11/18/502567273/will-legal-marijuana-lead-to-more-people-smoking-tobacco?ft=nprml&f=502567273","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 18 Nov 2016 11:42:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 18 Nov 2016 11:36:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 18 Nov 2016 11:42:01 -0500","path":"/stateofhealth/260937/will-legal-marijuana-lead-to-more-people-smoking-tobacco","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California's decision to legalize marijuana was touted as a victory for those who had argued that the state needed a system to decriminalize, regulate and tax it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the new law, approved by voters on Nov. 8, also could be a boon to the tobacco industry at a time when cigarette smoking is down and cigarette companies are looking for ways to expand their market, according to researchers in Los Angeles County and around the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They warn that unless the state proceeds carefully, the legalization of marijuana for recreational use could roll back some of the gains California has made in reducing the use of tobacco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a concern that there could be a potential renormalization of smoking,\" says Michael Ong, an associate professor at UCLA's David Geffen School of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ong says it will depend on how the initiative is implemented, whether officials follow through on the regulation, and how involved public health officials are with it. \"It will be important to make sure that we don't have a setback in terms of what we have done for clean air in California ... and what we have done to reduce tobacco's harms,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ethan Nadelmann, executive director of the Drug Policy Alliance, which supports marijuana legalization, defended the measure, saying there is no evidence that legalization leads to increased cannabis consumption — or tobacco smoking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's adult smoking rate is the second-lowest in the country, at 11.6 percent, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/tobacco/Documents/CDPH%20CTCP%20Refresh/Research%20and%20Evaluation/Facts%20and%20Figures/FactsFigures2016PrePrintEditionV2.pdf?ncid=txtlnkusaolp00000618\" target=\"_blank\">California Department of Public Health\u003c/a>. The smoking rate dropped by more than 50 percent between 1988 and 2014, cutting health care costs and reducing tobacco-related diseases, according to the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The headway against smoking over the past few decades is due to a combination of factors, including tobacco taxes, laws restricting where people can smoke, and broad-based media campaigns and programs to help people quit. Despite the decline in smoking, the use of e-cigarettes has increased dramatically over the past few years, with nearly 10 percent of adults ages 18 through 24 now using them, according to the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another ballot initiative passed by voters last week could push the smoking rate even lower. Prop. 56 will add $2 per pack to the tax on cigarettes and increases taxes on electronic cigarettes that contain nicotine and other tobacco products. The money will help pay for health care and increase funding for tobacco control and prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The marijuana initiative, Prop. 64, allows adults ages 21 and over to grow, buy and possess small amounts of marijuana for personal use. It also regulates recreational marijuana businesses and imposes taxes that will help pay for drug education and prevention programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonnie Halpern-Felsher, a pediatrics professor at the Stanford University School of Medicine, says she is concerned that there may not be enough education and prevention written into the proposition, especially targeted at youth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marijuana is already the most widely used illegal drug among adolescents. Many young people consider marijuana and blunts, which are marijuana rolled with a tobacco leaf wrapper, to be more socially acceptable and less risky than cigarettes, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27746339\" target=\"_blank\">recent study\u003c/a> co-authored by Halpern-Felsher. The study also found that youths who saw messages about the benefits of marijuana were more likely to use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blunts are particularly worrisome because they contain nicotine as well as marijuana, Halpern-Felsher says. Many young people may not understand the risk of blunts or marijuana, she notes, and once they start thinking that smoking one product is acceptable, they may believe it's OK to smoke other things as well. \"That's my concern,\" she says. \"I do think people are going to generalize.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the tobacco industry's point of view, marijuana could serve as a \"smoke inhalation trainer,\" and thus become a gateway to tobacco use, says Robert K. Jackler, a professor at the Stanford School of Medicine who researches tobacco advertising. He says tobacco and marijuana are marketed in similar ways — as products to help people relax and ease their stress. \"There is tremendous overlap potential,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tobacco companies could easily try to exploit that similarity to enter the marijuana market, Jackler says. They already have enormous influence on state laws and regulations, and could try to set up small dispensaries and make marijuana another one of their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The tobacco industry is always looking for replacement products because, at least in America, smoking is down,\" he says. \"This will give them a new entry into the market. They are best equipped to exploit this market opportunity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the tobacco industry considered getting into the marijuana market in the 1960s and 70s and could easily do so, says Stanton Glantz, a professor at University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine. Glantz believes that even as the newly approved tobacco tax reduces California's smoking rate further, legalized marijuana will help sustain the tobacco market. He says he expected to see mass marketing and branding of marijuana over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with some therapeutic benefits of marijuana, there are also health risks, Glantz says. \"The likely costs that are going to be incurred by all the marijuana-induced diseases don't come close to being covered by the taxes that are written into Prop. 64,\" he warns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative should have included higher taxes, graphic warning labels, provisions to keep demand low and a broad-based education campaign like there is on tobacco, Glantz argues. \"The ideal situation is where it's legal so nobody is thrown in jail, but nobody wants to buy it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legalization supporters said they don't believe the tobacco industry will get involved in the marijuana market until and unless federal prohibition ends. Marijuana is still illegal under federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nadelmann, of the pro-marijuana Drug Policy Alliance, says it is misguided to conflate the two products. Young people can distinguish between the effects of cigarettes and marijuana, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Teenagers are actually smarter than most of the adult propaganda,\" Nadelmann says. \"They know smoking cigarettes is really stupid and that smoking marijuana is not such a major issue.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>Kaiser Health News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, which publishes\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>California Healthline\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, an editorially independent service of the\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>California Health Care Foundation\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 Kaiser Health News. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Will+Legal+Marijuana+Lead+To+More+People+Smoking+Tobacco%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/260937/will-legal-marijuana-lead-to-more-people-smoking-tobacco","authors":["byline_stateofhealth_260937"],"categories":["stateofhealth_14","stateofhealth_2746"],"tags":["stateofhealth_2925","stateofhealth_2808","stateofhealth_2622","stateofhealth_2519","stateofhealth_2960"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_260938","label":"source_stateofhealth_260937"},"stateofhealth_242587":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_242587","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"242587","score":null,"sort":[1475091570000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"voters-may-expand-legal-access-to-marijuana-in-california-8-other-states","title":"Voters May Expand Legal Access to Marijuana in California, 8 Other States","publishDate":1475091570,"format":"standard","headTitle":"State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cp>From California, with its counterculture heritage, to the fishing ports and mill towns of Maine, millions of Americans in nine states have a chance to vote Nov. 8 on expanding legal access to marijuana. Collectively, the ballot measures amount to the closest the U.S. has come to a national referendum on the drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five states — Arizona, California, Maine, Massachusetts and Nevada — will consider legalizing the recreational use of pot. Three others — Florida, Arkansas and North Dakota — will decide whether to permit marijuana for medical purposes. Montana will weigh whether to ease restrictions on an existing medical marijuana law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the most populous state, with a reputation for trend-setting, California is attracting the most attention — and money — in an intensifying debate over Proposition 64.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silicon Valley tycoons and deep-pocketed donors with connections to the legal medical marijuana industry are among the top financial backers of a pro-pot campaign that has raised almost $17 million. Opponents have raised slightly more than $2 million, including a $1.4 million contribution from retired Pennsylvania art professor Julie Schauer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates on both sides say passage in California would likely ignite legalization movements in other states, especially when the tax dollars start adding up. California's nonpartisan Legislative Analyst's Office estimated the state could collect up to $1 billion a year in marijuana taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As California goes, so goes the nation,\" said University of California, Berkeley political science professor Alan Ross.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If \"yes\" votes prevail across the country, about 75 million people accounting for more than 23 percent of the U.S. population would live in states where recreational pot is legal. The jurisdictions where that's already the case — Alaska, Colorado, Oregon, Washington state and the District of Columbia — have about 18 million residents, or 5.6 percent of the population. Twenty-five states allow medical marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to national polls, a solid majority of Americans support legalization. Gallup's latest survey gauged support at 58 percent, up from 12 percent from when the question was first posed in 1969. Gallup says 13 percent of U.S. adults report using marijuana at present, nearly double the percentage who reported using pot in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California voters rejected an attempt to legalize recreational marijuana in 2010 after campaign leaders struggled to raise money and support for a four-page ballot measure hastily written by the owner of a small medicinal marijuana store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time, the 62-page ballot measure was crafted by political professionals and has the backing of many elected officials, including Lt. Gov. Gavin Newsom, who is running for governor in 2018. Current Gov. Jerry Brown says he's close to announcing his position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure would allow people 21 and older to legally possess up to an ounce of weed and grow six marijuana plants at home. Pot sales would be subject to various tax rates that would be deposited into the state's Marijuana Tax Fund. Most of that money would be spent on substance-abuse education and treatment. Some would be used to repair environmental damage caused by illegal growers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents argue that the measure will do more harm than good by opening a marijuana market dominated by small farmers to corporate interests and encouraging children to use the drug through pot-laced sweets like gummy bears, cookies and brownies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal \"favors the interests of wealthy corporations over the good of the everyday consumer, adopting policies that work against public health,\" said Kevin Sabet, co-founder of the California-based advocacy group Smart Approaches to Marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napster founder and early Facebook investor Sean Parker has contributed more than $3 million to the legalization effort, which has also attracted sizable contributions from an organization backed by billionaire George Soros and another backed by Weedmaps, which rates pot stores throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a huge deal and it's long overdue,\" said Steven DeAngelo, owner of one of the nation's largest medicinal marijuana dispensaries and a Proposition 64 supporter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In most of the states with marijuana ballot measures, polls have shown the \"yes\" side leading. Sabet believes opponents of legalization would attract more support if they could narrow a large fundraising gap and spread their cautionary messages. He does not buy the other side's argument that nationwide legalization will come sooner or later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Repeating that this is inevitable, and repeating they are so excited, is part of their narrative to makes folks like us feel helpless,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mason Tvert of the Marijuana Policy Project, a leading pro-legalization group, said his side has a chance to win in most of the nine states, but some losses will not derail the movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even if a measure doesn't pass, support will grow,\" he said, citing failed ballot measures in Oregon and Colorado that preceded the victories for legalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most people believe marijuana should be legal. It's a question of whether opponents do a good job of scaring them out of doing it now,\" Tvert added. \"We might see people opt to wait a couple more years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All five states voting on recreational marijuana have seen intense debate over the effect of legalization in the states that have already taken that step.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents of the ballot measures make an array of claims, contending, for example, that Colorado's legalization of pot has coincided with an increase in crime in Denver and fueled a jump in the number of traffic fatalities linked to marijuana use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, an analysis by three academic experts, published this month by the libertarian-leaning Cato Institute, asserted that the impact of legalization has been minimal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The data so far provide little support for the strong claims about legalization made by either opponents or supporters,\" the analysis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvard University economist Jeffrey Miron, one of the co-authors of the study, predicted Californians would approve Proposition 64, but he was less certain of the outcome in his home state of Massachusetts, where the Republican governor, Charlie Baker, and the Democratic mayor of Boston, Marty Walsh, have teamed up to oppose legalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miron said it's difficult to predict when legalization might get support in Congress or surge to approval in a majority of states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm not sure if this November will get us to the tipping point. It may be two or four more years,\" he said. \"Certain things seem impossible, until all of a sudden they are possible, and they happen fast.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"If \"yes\" votes prevail across the country, about 75 million people would live in states where recreational pot is legal. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1475091570,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1084},"headData":{"title":"Voters May Expand Legal Access to Marijuana in California, 8 Other States | KQED","description":"If "yes" votes prevail across the country, about 75 million people would live in states where recreational pot is legal. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Voters May Expand Legal Access to Marijuana in California, 8 Other States","datePublished":"2016-09-28T19:39:30.000Z","dateModified":"2016-09-28T19:39:30.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"242587 http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=242587","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/09/28/voters-may-expand-legal-access-to-marijuana-in-california-8-other-states/","disqusTitle":"Voters May Expand Legal Access to Marijuana in California, 8 Other States","nprByline":"Associated Press","path":"/stateofhealth/242587/voters-may-expand-legal-access-to-marijuana-in-california-8-other-states","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>From California, with its counterculture heritage, to the fishing ports and mill towns of Maine, millions of Americans in nine states have a chance to vote Nov. 8 on expanding legal access to marijuana. Collectively, the ballot measures amount to the closest the U.S. has come to a national referendum on the drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five states — Arizona, California, Maine, Massachusetts and Nevada — will consider legalizing the recreational use of pot. Three others — Florida, Arkansas and North Dakota — will decide whether to permit marijuana for medical purposes. Montana will weigh whether to ease restrictions on an existing medical marijuana law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the most populous state, with a reputation for trend-setting, California is attracting the most attention — and money — in an intensifying debate over Proposition 64.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silicon Valley tycoons and deep-pocketed donors with connections to the legal medical marijuana industry are among the top financial backers of a pro-pot campaign that has raised almost $17 million. Opponents have raised slightly more than $2 million, including a $1.4 million contribution from retired Pennsylvania art professor Julie Schauer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates on both sides say passage in California would likely ignite legalization movements in other states, especially when the tax dollars start adding up. California's nonpartisan Legislative Analyst's Office estimated the state could collect up to $1 billion a year in marijuana taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As California goes, so goes the nation,\" said University of California, Berkeley political science professor Alan Ross.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If \"yes\" votes prevail across the country, about 75 million people accounting for more than 23 percent of the U.S. population would live in states where recreational pot is legal. The jurisdictions where that's already the case — Alaska, Colorado, Oregon, Washington state and the District of Columbia — have about 18 million residents, or 5.6 percent of the population. Twenty-five states allow medical marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to national polls, a solid majority of Americans support legalization. Gallup's latest survey gauged support at 58 percent, up from 12 percent from when the question was first posed in 1969. Gallup says 13 percent of U.S. adults report using marijuana at present, nearly double the percentage who reported using pot in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California voters rejected an attempt to legalize recreational marijuana in 2010 after campaign leaders struggled to raise money and support for a four-page ballot measure hastily written by the owner of a small medicinal marijuana store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time, the 62-page ballot measure was crafted by political professionals and has the backing of many elected officials, including Lt. Gov. Gavin Newsom, who is running for governor in 2018. Current Gov. Jerry Brown says he's close to announcing his position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure would allow people 21 and older to legally possess up to an ounce of weed and grow six marijuana plants at home. Pot sales would be subject to various tax rates that would be deposited into the state's Marijuana Tax Fund. Most of that money would be spent on substance-abuse education and treatment. Some would be used to repair environmental damage caused by illegal growers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents argue that the measure will do more harm than good by opening a marijuana market dominated by small farmers to corporate interests and encouraging children to use the drug through pot-laced sweets like gummy bears, cookies and brownies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal \"favors the interests of wealthy corporations over the good of the everyday consumer, adopting policies that work against public health,\" said Kevin Sabet, co-founder of the California-based advocacy group Smart Approaches to Marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napster founder and early Facebook investor Sean Parker has contributed more than $3 million to the legalization effort, which has also attracted sizable contributions from an organization backed by billionaire George Soros and another backed by Weedmaps, which rates pot stores throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a huge deal and it's long overdue,\" said Steven DeAngelo, owner of one of the nation's largest medicinal marijuana dispensaries and a Proposition 64 supporter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In most of the states with marijuana ballot measures, polls have shown the \"yes\" side leading. Sabet believes opponents of legalization would attract more support if they could narrow a large fundraising gap and spread their cautionary messages. He does not buy the other side's argument that nationwide legalization will come sooner or later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Repeating that this is inevitable, and repeating they are so excited, is part of their narrative to makes folks like us feel helpless,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mason Tvert of the Marijuana Policy Project, a leading pro-legalization group, said his side has a chance to win in most of the nine states, but some losses will not derail the movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even if a measure doesn't pass, support will grow,\" he said, citing failed ballot measures in Oregon and Colorado that preceded the victories for legalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most people believe marijuana should be legal. It's a question of whether opponents do a good job of scaring them out of doing it now,\" Tvert added. \"We might see people opt to wait a couple more years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All five states voting on recreational marijuana have seen intense debate over the effect of legalization in the states that have already taken that step.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents of the ballot measures make an array of claims, contending, for example, that Colorado's legalization of pot has coincided with an increase in crime in Denver and fueled a jump in the number of traffic fatalities linked to marijuana use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, an analysis by three academic experts, published this month by the libertarian-leaning Cato Institute, asserted that the impact of legalization has been minimal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The data so far provide little support for the strong claims about legalization made by either opponents or supporters,\" the analysis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvard University economist Jeffrey Miron, one of the co-authors of the study, predicted Californians would approve Proposition 64, but he was less certain of the outcome in his home state of Massachusetts, where the Republican governor, Charlie Baker, and the Democratic mayor of Boston, Marty Walsh, have teamed up to oppose legalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miron said it's difficult to predict when legalization might get support in Congress or surge to approval in a majority of states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm not sure if this November will get us to the tipping point. It may be two or four more years,\" he said. \"Certain things seem impossible, until all of a sudden they are possible, and they happen fast.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/242587/voters-may-expand-legal-access-to-marijuana-in-california-8-other-states","authors":["byline_stateofhealth_242587"],"categories":["stateofhealth_14"],"tags":["stateofhealth_2925","stateofhealth_2808","stateofhealth_2622","stateofhealth_2519","stateofhealth_2960"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_242590","label":"stateofhealth"},"stateofhealth_236779":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_236779","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"236779","score":null,"sort":[1473785035000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-could-soon-legalize-marijuana-but-pots-brain-effects-remain-a-mystery","title":"California Could Soon Legalize Marijuana But Pot’s Brain Effects Remain a Mystery","publishDate":1473785035,"format":"standard","headTitle":"State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cdiv id=\"storytext\" class=\"storytext storylocation linkLocation\">\n\u003cp>Five states are voting this fall on whether marijuana should be legal, like alcohol, for recreational use. That has sparked questions about what we know — and don't know — about marijuana's effect on the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research is scarce. The U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency classifies marijuana as a \u003ca href=\"https://www.dea.gov/druginfo/ds.shtml\">Schedule I drug\u003c/a>. That classification puts up barriers to conducting research on it, including a cumbersome \u003ca href=\"http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/21cfr/cfr/1301/1301_18.htm\">DEA approval\u003c/a> application and a requirement that scientists \u003ca href=\"http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not99-091.html\">procure\u003c/a> very specific marijuana plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One long-term study in New Zealand compared the IQs of people at age 13 and then through adolescence and adulthood to age 38. Those who used pot heavily from adolescence onward showed an average 8 percent drop in IQ. People who never smoked, by contrast, showed slightly increased IQ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics pounced on \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/109/40/E2657.full.pdf\">the study\u003c/a>, which was published in 2012, because it didn't adjust for many other things that affect IQ such as home life or family income. And there's no proof the IQ differences are due to pot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those critics, \u003ca href=\"http://domstat.med.ucla.edu/pages/nicholas-jackson\">Nicholas Jackson\u003c/a>, now a senior statistician at the University of California, Los Angeles, wondered what would happen if he could rule out some of those elements by comparing twins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Individuals that share the same genes, grew up in the same household, where the difference between them was that one of the twins was using marijuana and one was not,\" Jackson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson and \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joshua_Isen\">Joshua Isen\u003c/a>, now an assistant professor of psychology at the University of South Alabama, conducted \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/113/5/E500.abstract\">a study\u003c/a> comparing IQ tests of twins age 9 to 12, before either had smoked marijuana, and then seven to 10 years later, after one had started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If marijuana was causing IQ decline, what we would expect to see is that the twin who goes on and uses marijuana should have IQ deficits,\" Jackson says. \"We don't find that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IQ scores for both twins varied slightly over time. And for twins who smoked marijuana, there was no significant difference in effect between daily and occasional use. So was the New Zealand finding wrong? The authors did not comment for this story, but have said that the twins study of teenagers does not address the effects of decades of heavy marijuana use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marijuana seems to affect a particular kind of intelligence, like short term retention of vocabulary words and other information that you might learn in school, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.albany.edu/psychology/20874.php\">Mitch Earleywine\u003c/a>, a professor of psychology at the University of Albany.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They haven't learned a whole lot of vocabulary words or they never learned the capital of Maine because they were high at school that day,\" he says. \"But when it comes to things that are more liquid intelligence, more fluid intelligence, they're usually pretty good at those because it requires just intelligence in the moment, so to speak.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not clear how marijuana use may keep Augusta from being filed next to \"capital of Maine\" in the brain. Some studies that \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3930618/\">compare brain scans\u003c/a> of teenagers who use marijuana to those who don't show thinner, less dense connections between lobes. \u003ca href=\"https://www.drugabuse.gov/about-nida/directors-page/biography-dr-nora-volkow\">Nora Volkow\u003c/a>, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, says brains with less connectivity don't work as well as they should.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You could expect that that will decrease your capacity to memorize things and to learn them which is necessary to you to actually further develop your cognitive abilities,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volkow says there's little proof that marijuana causes poor brain connections. Studies so far have not compared brains before and after pot. Maybe kids who are already having trouble in school are more likely to try marijuana. Still, she is convinced that marijuana is bad for the brains of adults who began smoking in their youth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who regularly smoked marijuana as teens, \"are achieving much less both in their education as well as their profession as well as their economic earnings,\" Volkow says. \"They also tend to be much more dissatisfied with life. Many studies have shown that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NIDA is one of several agencies behind a major study that will map the effects of marijuana and other substances on brain development. The Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study (ABCD) will follow 10,000 9- to 10- year-olds through early adulthood, using neuroimaging to map changes in the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as of now, the research suggests if you don't start young and don't use marijuana often, there's not much evidence of permanent harm to the brain. That's led some experts in marijuana brain science to say it might be OK to make pot legal, with strong oversight. That includes \u003ca href=\"http://drkevinhill.com/three-big-reasons-marijuana-is-misunderstood/\">Kevin Hill,\u003c/a> an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm not sure how I would vote [on the Massachusetts ballot question] at this point. I want to see sensible marijuana policy that works, that gives people what they want while limiting risk,\" says Hill, who wrote \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Marijuana-Unbiased-Truth-World%C2%92s-Popular/dp/1616495596\">Marijuana: The Unbiased Truth about the World's Most Popular Weed\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massachusetts is one of five states, including Arizona, California, Maine and Nevada, that will vote in November on legalizing recreational marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hill would like to see stronger regulation of marijuana if it becomes legal, with limits on advertising and of edible products that attract children, as well as a higher rate of taxation than the proposed 12 percent. If Massachusetts approves marijuana for recreational use, it would not be legal for anyone under age 21, when most, but not all, brain development occurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of a reporting partnership with NPR, WBUR and \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"tags\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency's classification of Marijuana puts up barriers to conducting research on it.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1473788862,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":937},"headData":{"title":"California Could Soon Legalize Marijuana But Pot’s Brain Effects Remain a Mystery | KQED","description":"The U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency's classification of Marijuana puts up barriers to conducting research on it.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California Could Soon Legalize Marijuana But Pot’s Brain Effects Remain a Mystery","datePublished":"2016-09-13T16:43:55.000Z","dateModified":"2016-09-13T17:47:42.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"236779 http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=236779","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/09/13/california-could-soon-legalize-marijuana-but-pots-brain-effects-remain-a-mystery/","disqusTitle":"California Could Soon Legalize Marijuana But Pot’s Brain Effects Remain a Mystery","nprByline":"Martha Bebinger \u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/\">NPR Shots\u003c/a>","path":"/stateofhealth/236779/california-could-soon-legalize-marijuana-but-pots-brain-effects-remain-a-mystery","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv id=\"storytext\" class=\"storytext storylocation linkLocation\">\n\u003cp>Five states are voting this fall on whether marijuana should be legal, like alcohol, for recreational use. That has sparked questions about what we know — and don't know — about marijuana's effect on the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research is scarce. The U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency classifies marijuana as a \u003ca href=\"https://www.dea.gov/druginfo/ds.shtml\">Schedule I drug\u003c/a>. That classification puts up barriers to conducting research on it, including a cumbersome \u003ca href=\"http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/21cfr/cfr/1301/1301_18.htm\">DEA approval\u003c/a> application and a requirement that scientists \u003ca href=\"http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not99-091.html\">procure\u003c/a> very specific marijuana plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One long-term study in New Zealand compared the IQs of people at age 13 and then through adolescence and adulthood to age 38. Those who used pot heavily from adolescence onward showed an average 8 percent drop in IQ. People who never smoked, by contrast, showed slightly increased IQ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics pounced on \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/109/40/E2657.full.pdf\">the study\u003c/a>, which was published in 2012, because it didn't adjust for many other things that affect IQ such as home life or family income. And there's no proof the IQ differences are due to pot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those critics, \u003ca href=\"http://domstat.med.ucla.edu/pages/nicholas-jackson\">Nicholas Jackson\u003c/a>, now a senior statistician at the University of California, Los Angeles, wondered what would happen if he could rule out some of those elements by comparing twins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Individuals that share the same genes, grew up in the same household, where the difference between them was that one of the twins was using marijuana and one was not,\" Jackson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson and \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joshua_Isen\">Joshua Isen\u003c/a>, now an assistant professor of psychology at the University of South Alabama, conducted \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/113/5/E500.abstract\">a study\u003c/a> comparing IQ tests of twins age 9 to 12, before either had smoked marijuana, and then seven to 10 years later, after one had started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If marijuana was causing IQ decline, what we would expect to see is that the twin who goes on and uses marijuana should have IQ deficits,\" Jackson says. \"We don't find that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IQ scores for both twins varied slightly over time. And for twins who smoked marijuana, there was no significant difference in effect between daily and occasional use. So was the New Zealand finding wrong? The authors did not comment for this story, but have said that the twins study of teenagers does not address the effects of decades of heavy marijuana use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marijuana seems to affect a particular kind of intelligence, like short term retention of vocabulary words and other information that you might learn in school, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.albany.edu/psychology/20874.php\">Mitch Earleywine\u003c/a>, a professor of psychology at the University of Albany.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They haven't learned a whole lot of vocabulary words or they never learned the capital of Maine because they were high at school that day,\" he says. \"But when it comes to things that are more liquid intelligence, more fluid intelligence, they're usually pretty good at those because it requires just intelligence in the moment, so to speak.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not clear how marijuana use may keep Augusta from being filed next to \"capital of Maine\" in the brain. Some studies that \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3930618/\">compare brain scans\u003c/a> of teenagers who use marijuana to those who don't show thinner, less dense connections between lobes. \u003ca href=\"https://www.drugabuse.gov/about-nida/directors-page/biography-dr-nora-volkow\">Nora Volkow\u003c/a>, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, says brains with less connectivity don't work as well as they should.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You could expect that that will decrease your capacity to memorize things and to learn them which is necessary to you to actually further develop your cognitive abilities,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volkow says there's little proof that marijuana causes poor brain connections. Studies so far have not compared brains before and after pot. Maybe kids who are already having trouble in school are more likely to try marijuana. Still, she is convinced that marijuana is bad for the brains of adults who began smoking in their youth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who regularly smoked marijuana as teens, \"are achieving much less both in their education as well as their profession as well as their economic earnings,\" Volkow says. \"They also tend to be much more dissatisfied with life. Many studies have shown that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NIDA is one of several agencies behind a major study that will map the effects of marijuana and other substances on brain development. The Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study (ABCD) will follow 10,000 9- to 10- year-olds through early adulthood, using neuroimaging to map changes in the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as of now, the research suggests if you don't start young and don't use marijuana often, there's not much evidence of permanent harm to the brain. That's led some experts in marijuana brain science to say it might be OK to make pot legal, with strong oversight. That includes \u003ca href=\"http://drkevinhill.com/three-big-reasons-marijuana-is-misunderstood/\">Kevin Hill,\u003c/a> an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm not sure how I would vote [on the Massachusetts ballot question] at this point. I want to see sensible marijuana policy that works, that gives people what they want while limiting risk,\" says Hill, who wrote \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Marijuana-Unbiased-Truth-World%C2%92s-Popular/dp/1616495596\">Marijuana: The Unbiased Truth about the World's Most Popular Weed\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massachusetts is one of five states, including Arizona, California, Maine and Nevada, that will vote in November on legalizing recreational marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hill would like to see stronger regulation of marijuana if it becomes legal, with limits on advertising and of edible products that attract children, as well as a higher rate of taxation than the proposed 12 percent. If Massachusetts approves marijuana for recreational use, it would not be legal for anyone under age 21, when most, but not all, brain development occurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of a reporting partnership with NPR, WBUR and \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"tags\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/236779/california-could-soon-legalize-marijuana-but-pots-brain-effects-remain-a-mystery","authors":["byline_stateofhealth_236779"],"categories":["stateofhealth_166"],"tags":["stateofhealth_2902","stateofhealth_2722","stateofhealth_2808","stateofhealth_2907","stateofhealth_2906","stateofhealth_2901","stateofhealth_2622","stateofhealth_2519","stateofhealth_2898"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_236793","label":"stateofhealth"},"stateofhealth_225276":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_225276","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"225276","score":null,"sort":[1471287486000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"doctors-unprepared-as-states-legalize-medical-marijuana","title":"Doctors Unprepared as States Legalize Medical Marijuana","publishDate":1471287486,"format":"standard","headTitle":"State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cp>Medical marijuana has been legal in Maine for almost 20 years. But Farmington physician Jean Antonucci says she continues to feel unprepared when counseling sick patients about whether the drug could benefit them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will it help my glaucoma? Or my chronic pain? My chemotherapy’s making me nauseous, and nothing’s helped. Is cannabis the solution? Patients hope Antonucci, 62, can answer those questions. But she said she is still “completely in the dark.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Antonucci doesn’t know whether marijuana is the right way to treat an ailment, what amount is an appropriate dose, or whether a patient should smoke it, eat it, rub it through an oil or vaporize it. Like most doctors, she was never trained to have these discussions. And, because the topic still is not usually covered in medical school, seasoned doctors, as well as younger ones, often consider themselves ill-equipped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though she tries to keep up with the scientific literature, Antonucci said, “it’s very difficult to support patients but not know what you’re saying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the number of states allowing medical marijuana grows — the total has reached 25 plus the District of Columbia — some are working to address this knowledge gap with physician training programs. States are beginning to require doctors to take continuing medical education courses that detail how marijuana interacts with the nervous system and other medications, as well as its side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though laws vary, they have common themes. They usually set up a process by which states establish marijuana dispensaries, where patients with qualifying medical conditions can obtain the drug. The conditions are specified on a state-approved list. And the role of doctors is often to certify that patients have one of those ailments. But many say that, without knowing cannabis’ health effects, even writing a certification makes them uncomfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just don’t know what we don’t know. And that’s a concern,” said Wanda Filer, president of the American Academy of Family Physicians and a practicing doctor in Pennsylvania.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This medical uncertainty is complicated by confusion over how to navigate often contradictory laws. While states generally involve physicians in the process by which patients obtain marijuana, national drug policies have traditionally had a chilling effect on these conversations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Federation of State Medical Boards has \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2529569\" target=\"_blank\">tried to add clarity\u003c/a>. In an Aug. 9 JAMA editorial, leaders noted that federal law technically prohibits prescribing marijuana, and tasks states that allow it for medical use to “implement strong and effective … enforcement systems to address any threat those laws could pose to public safety, public health, and other interests.” If state regulation is deemed insufficient, the federal government can step in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why many doctors say they feel caught in the middle, not completely sure of where the line is now drawn between legal medical practice and what could get them in trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.health.ny.gov/publications/1065.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">New York\u003c/a>, which legalized marijuana for medicinal purposes in 2014, the state health department rolled out a certification program last October. (The state’s medical marijuana program itself launched in January 2016.) The course, which lasts about four hours and costs $249, is part of a larger physician registration process. So far, \u003ca href=\"https://www.health.ny.gov/regulations/medical_marijuana/\" target=\"_blank\">the state estimates\u003c/a>656 physicians have completed the required steps. Other states have contacted New York’s Department of Health to learn how the training works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pennsylvania and Ohio are also developing similar programs. Meanwhile in Massachusetts, doctors who wish to participate in the state medical marijuana program are required to take courses approved by the American Medical Association. Maryland doesn’t require training but encourages it through its \u003ca href=\"http://mmc.maryland.gov/pages/physicians/physicians.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Medical Cannabis Commission website\u003c/a>, a policy also followed in some other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physicians appear to welcome such direction. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.jabfm.org/content/26/1/52.full.pdf+html\" target=\"_blank\">2013 study in Colorado\u003c/a>, for instance, found more than 80 percent of family doctors thought physicians needed medical training before recommending marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some advocates worry that doctors may find these requirements onerous and opt out, which would in turn thwart patients’ access to the now-legal therapy, said Ellen Smith, a board member of the U.S. Pain Foundation, which favors expanded access to medical cannabis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Education is essential, given the complexity of how marijuana interacts with the body and how little physicians know, said Stephen Corn, an associate professor of anesthesiology, perioperative and pain medicine at Harvard Medical School. Corn also co-founded The Answer Page, a medical information website that provides educational content to the New York program, as well as a similar Florida initiative. The company, one of a few groups to offer teachings on medical marijuana, is also bidding to supply information for the Pennsylvania program, Corn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You need a multi-hour course to learn where the medical cannabis works within the body,” Corn said. “As a patient, would you want a doctor blindly recommending something without knowing how it’s going to interact with your other medications? What to expect from it? What not to expect?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many say the science is too weak to answer these questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason: the federal Drug Enforcement Agency classifies marijuana as a schedule I drug, the same level as heroin. This classification makes it more difficult for researchers to gain access to the drug and to gain approval for human subjects to participate in studies. The White House \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/08/10/489509471/dea-rejects-attempt-to-loosen-federal-restrictions-on-marijuana\" target=\"_blank\">rejected a petition\u003c/a> this past week to reclassify the drug in a less strict category, though federal authorities say they will start letting more facilities grow marijuana for the purpose of research. (Currently, only the University of Mississippi can produce it, which advocates say limits study.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From a medical standpoint, the lack of information is troubling, Filer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Typically, when we’re going to prescribe something, you’ve got data that shows safety and efficacy,” she said. With marijuana, the body of research doesn’t match what many doctors are used to for prescription drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Corn said, doctors appear pleased with the state training sessions. More than 80 percent of New York doctors who have taken his course said they changed their practice in response to what they learned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even now, whenever Corn speaks with doctors about medical marijuana, people ask him how they can learn more about the drug’s medical properties and about legal risks. Those two concerns, he said, likely reduce the number of doctors comfortable with and willing to discuss marijuana’s place in medicine, even if it’s allowed in their states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though others say this circumstance is starting to ease, doctors like Jean Antonucci in Maine continue to struggle to figure out how marijuana can fit into safe and compassionate medicine. “You just try and be careful — and learn as much as you can about a patient, and try to do no harm,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Because the topic is not usually covered in medical school, doctors often consider themselves ill-equipped.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1471287486,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":1173},"headData":{"title":"Doctors Unprepared as States Legalize Medical Marijuana | KQED","description":"Because the topic is not usually covered in medical school, doctors often consider themselves ill-equipped.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Doctors Unprepared as States Legalize Medical Marijuana","datePublished":"2016-08-15T18:58:06.000Z","dateModified":"2016-08-15T18:58:06.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"225276 http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=225276","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/08/15/doctors-unprepared-as-states-legalize-medical-marijuana/","disqusTitle":"Doctors Unprepared as States Legalize Medical Marijuana","nprByline":"Shefali Luthra \u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>","path":"/stateofhealth/225276/doctors-unprepared-as-states-legalize-medical-marijuana","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Medical marijuana has been legal in Maine for almost 20 years. But Farmington physician Jean Antonucci says she continues to feel unprepared when counseling sick patients about whether the drug could benefit them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will it help my glaucoma? Or my chronic pain? My chemotherapy’s making me nauseous, and nothing’s helped. Is cannabis the solution? Patients hope Antonucci, 62, can answer those questions. But she said she is still “completely in the dark.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Antonucci doesn’t know whether marijuana is the right way to treat an ailment, what amount is an appropriate dose, or whether a patient should smoke it, eat it, rub it through an oil or vaporize it. Like most doctors, she was never trained to have these discussions. And, because the topic still is not usually covered in medical school, seasoned doctors, as well as younger ones, often consider themselves ill-equipped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though she tries to keep up with the scientific literature, Antonucci said, “it’s very difficult to support patients but not know what you’re saying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the number of states allowing medical marijuana grows — the total has reached 25 plus the District of Columbia — some are working to address this knowledge gap with physician training programs. States are beginning to require doctors to take continuing medical education courses that detail how marijuana interacts with the nervous system and other medications, as well as its side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though laws vary, they have common themes. They usually set up a process by which states establish marijuana dispensaries, where patients with qualifying medical conditions can obtain the drug. The conditions are specified on a state-approved list. And the role of doctors is often to certify that patients have one of those ailments. But many say that, without knowing cannabis’ health effects, even writing a certification makes them uncomfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just don’t know what we don’t know. And that’s a concern,” said Wanda Filer, president of the American Academy of Family Physicians and a practicing doctor in Pennsylvania.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This medical uncertainty is complicated by confusion over how to navigate often contradictory laws. While states generally involve physicians in the process by which patients obtain marijuana, national drug policies have traditionally had a chilling effect on these conversations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Federation of State Medical Boards has \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2529569\" target=\"_blank\">tried to add clarity\u003c/a>. In an Aug. 9 JAMA editorial, leaders noted that federal law technically prohibits prescribing marijuana, and tasks states that allow it for medical use to “implement strong and effective … enforcement systems to address any threat those laws could pose to public safety, public health, and other interests.” If state regulation is deemed insufficient, the federal government can step in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why many doctors say they feel caught in the middle, not completely sure of where the line is now drawn between legal medical practice and what could get them in trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.health.ny.gov/publications/1065.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">New York\u003c/a>, which legalized marijuana for medicinal purposes in 2014, the state health department rolled out a certification program last October. (The state’s medical marijuana program itself launched in January 2016.) The course, which lasts about four hours and costs $249, is part of a larger physician registration process. So far, \u003ca href=\"https://www.health.ny.gov/regulations/medical_marijuana/\" target=\"_blank\">the state estimates\u003c/a>656 physicians have completed the required steps. Other states have contacted New York’s Department of Health to learn how the training works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pennsylvania and Ohio are also developing similar programs. Meanwhile in Massachusetts, doctors who wish to participate in the state medical marijuana program are required to take courses approved by the American Medical Association. Maryland doesn’t require training but encourages it through its \u003ca href=\"http://mmc.maryland.gov/pages/physicians/physicians.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Medical Cannabis Commission website\u003c/a>, a policy also followed in some other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physicians appear to welcome such direction. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.jabfm.org/content/26/1/52.full.pdf+html\" target=\"_blank\">2013 study in Colorado\u003c/a>, for instance, found more than 80 percent of family doctors thought physicians needed medical training before recommending marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some advocates worry that doctors may find these requirements onerous and opt out, which would in turn thwart patients’ access to the now-legal therapy, said Ellen Smith, a board member of the U.S. Pain Foundation, which favors expanded access to medical cannabis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Education is essential, given the complexity of how marijuana interacts with the body and how little physicians know, said Stephen Corn, an associate professor of anesthesiology, perioperative and pain medicine at Harvard Medical School. Corn also co-founded The Answer Page, a medical information website that provides educational content to the New York program, as well as a similar Florida initiative. The company, one of a few groups to offer teachings on medical marijuana, is also bidding to supply information for the Pennsylvania program, Corn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You need a multi-hour course to learn where the medical cannabis works within the body,” Corn said. “As a patient, would you want a doctor blindly recommending something without knowing how it’s going to interact with your other medications? What to expect from it? What not to expect?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many say the science is too weak to answer these questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason: the federal Drug Enforcement Agency classifies marijuana as a schedule I drug, the same level as heroin. This classification makes it more difficult for researchers to gain access to the drug and to gain approval for human subjects to participate in studies. The White House \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/08/10/489509471/dea-rejects-attempt-to-loosen-federal-restrictions-on-marijuana\" target=\"_blank\">rejected a petition\u003c/a> this past week to reclassify the drug in a less strict category, though federal authorities say they will start letting more facilities grow marijuana for the purpose of research. (Currently, only the University of Mississippi can produce it, which advocates say limits study.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From a medical standpoint, the lack of information is troubling, Filer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Typically, when we’re going to prescribe something, you’ve got data that shows safety and efficacy,” she said. With marijuana, the body of research doesn’t match what many doctors are used to for prescription drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Corn said, doctors appear pleased with the state training sessions. More than 80 percent of New York doctors who have taken his course said they changed their practice in response to what they learned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even now, whenever Corn speaks with doctors about medical marijuana, people ask him how they can learn more about the drug’s medical properties and about legal risks. Those two concerns, he said, likely reduce the number of doctors comfortable with and willing to discuss marijuana’s place in medicine, even if it’s allowed in their states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though others say this circumstance is starting to ease, doctors like Jean Antonucci in Maine continue to struggle to figure out how marijuana can fit into safe and compassionate medicine. “You just try and be careful — and learn as much as you can about a patient, and try to do no harm,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/225276/doctors-unprepared-as-states-legalize-medical-marijuana","authors":["byline_stateofhealth_225276"],"categories":["stateofhealth_14","stateofhealth_1"],"tags":["stateofhealth_2808","stateofhealth_2622","stateofhealth_2519"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_225278","label":"stateofhealth"},"stateofhealth_213923":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_213923","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"213923","score":null,"sort":[1469141486000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"oakland-sf-revise-medical-marijuana-regulations-in-face-of-new-state-law","title":"Oakland, S.F. Revise Medical Marijuana Regulations in Face of New State Law","publishDate":1469141486,"format":"standard","headTitle":"State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cp>A new state law has Oakland and San Francisco remaking their medical cannabis laws in the face of new state requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actions are distinct from a November statewide ballot measure that would legalize recreational marijuana for adults over 21 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The present law, passed last fall, imposes new regulatory measures on medical pot businesses in California. Previously, businesses needed only a city license. Now they must also be licensed by the state and, depending on what type of business is run, there are now 17 different license types covering dispensaries, manufacturing, cultivation, transportation, distribution and testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s all part of the Medical Marijuana Regulation and Safety Act and there’s more coming. State agencies are expected to issue further regulations and guidelines for cities by January 2017. The new laws take full effect in January 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the act leaves cities scrambling to meet the standards taking effect now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco started working toward updating its regulations with a hearing before the Land Use and Transportation Committee earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to make sure that our regulations are keeping up with the reality of where medical cannabis is today,” said Supervisor Scott Wiener, who called for the hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, San Francisco has only one type of medical cannabis permit, for dispensaries. With the state soon to offer those 17 different types of licenses, the city will have to decide whether to allow or prohibit different marijuana enterprises such as cultivation, manufacturing and delivery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the discussion at the hearing focused on land use and where dispensaries may be located. One consideration is changing buffer zones around schools. Aaron Starr from the San Francisco Planning Department recommended reducing the current buffer zone from 1,000 feet around schools to 600 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco is a dense environment,” Starr said. He said that 1,000 feet from a school could be a completely different neighborhood. That generous buffer makes it difficult for new dispensaries to open in the city. Under current zoning regulations, many of the city’s 28 dispensaries are being clustered in the South of Market neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starr also recommended that the city should amend the planning code to align with the new license types surrounding cultivation and make clear how much cannabis can be grown -- and in which parts of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other major issue under discussion was taxation. Currently, dispensaries in San Francisco may only be nonprofit, but the new law will allow them to operate as for-profit businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The new law gives the city the opportunity to impose taxation on cultivation, production and dispensing,” said Cyndy Comerford, a manager in the planning and policy office of San Francisco’s Department of Public Health. Comerford did not have an estimate on how much revenue taxation could bring the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comerford said the city’s next steps are twofold: participating with state agencies developing new regulations and crafting local legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Oakland is significantly ahead of its Bay Area neighbor in responding to the Medical Marijuana Regulation and Safety Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, the Oakland City Council updated the city’s medical cannabis ordinances to mirror the state law and make it possible for Oakland residents to apply for the necessary local permits. It also expanded the number of dispensaries that can operate in the city, allowing up to eight new dispensaries to open a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland’s updated ordinance includes employment regulations geared toward Oakland residents. Under Oakland’s new laws, half of dispensary staff members must be Oakland residents -- and half of that group must live in high-unemployment areas. The ordinance also provides potential tax breaks and other incentives to dispensaries that hire Oakland residents who have been previously incarcerated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another twist in the new ordinance is an “equity” requirement. Fifty percent of new Oakland dispensaries will be eligible for a license in the Dispensary Equity Permit Program. Under the program, applicants must have at least one member who:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">has lived in Oakland for at least two years in one of six police beats that have been most affected by cannabis-related crime\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">has been incarcerated for a cannabis-related offense in the past 10 years\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">has at least a 50 percent ownership share in the dispensary\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>These stipulations are aimed at rewarding low income and previously incarcerated communities. While the new rules were unanimously approved by the Oakland City Council in May, they have not been universally endorsed and continue to be the subject of debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s been a lot of back and forth,” said Joe DeVries, assistant to the city administrator and a staff member on the city’s Cannabis Regulation Commission. DeVries said the bigger focus right now is getting applications out under the current ordinance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission is slated to further discuss the equity provisions at its meeting Thursday evening.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The actions are distinct from a November statewide ballot measure that would legalize recreational marijuana for adults over 21 years old.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1469207681,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":831},"headData":{"title":"Oakland, S.F. Revise Medical Marijuana Regulations in Face of New State Law | KQED","description":"The actions are distinct from a November statewide ballot measure that would legalize recreational marijuana for adults over 21 years old.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Oakland, S.F. Revise Medical Marijuana Regulations in Face of New State Law","datePublished":"2016-07-21T22:51:26.000Z","dateModified":"2016-07-22T17:14:41.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"213923 http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=213923","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/07/21/oakland-sf-revise-medical-marijuana-regulations-in-face-of-new-state-law/","disqusTitle":"Oakland, S.F. Revise Medical Marijuana Regulations in Face of New State Law","path":"/stateofhealth/213923/oakland-sf-revise-medical-marijuana-regulations-in-face-of-new-state-law","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A new state law has Oakland and San Francisco remaking their medical cannabis laws in the face of new state requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actions are distinct from a November statewide ballot measure that would legalize recreational marijuana for adults over 21 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The present law, passed last fall, imposes new regulatory measures on medical pot businesses in California. Previously, businesses needed only a city license. Now they must also be licensed by the state and, depending on what type of business is run, there are now 17 different license types covering dispensaries, manufacturing, cultivation, transportation, distribution and testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s all part of the Medical Marijuana Regulation and Safety Act and there’s more coming. State agencies are expected to issue further regulations and guidelines for cities by January 2017. The new laws take full effect in January 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the act leaves cities scrambling to meet the standards taking effect now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco started working toward updating its regulations with a hearing before the Land Use and Transportation Committee earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to make sure that our regulations are keeping up with the reality of where medical cannabis is today,” said Supervisor Scott Wiener, who called for the hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, San Francisco has only one type of medical cannabis permit, for dispensaries. With the state soon to offer those 17 different types of licenses, the city will have to decide whether to allow or prohibit different marijuana enterprises such as cultivation, manufacturing and delivery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the discussion at the hearing focused on land use and where dispensaries may be located. One consideration is changing buffer zones around schools. Aaron Starr from the San Francisco Planning Department recommended reducing the current buffer zone from 1,000 feet around schools to 600 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco is a dense environment,” Starr said. He said that 1,000 feet from a school could be a completely different neighborhood. That generous buffer makes it difficult for new dispensaries to open in the city. Under current zoning regulations, many of the city’s 28 dispensaries are being clustered in the South of Market neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starr also recommended that the city should amend the planning code to align with the new license types surrounding cultivation and make clear how much cannabis can be grown -- and in which parts of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other major issue under discussion was taxation. Currently, dispensaries in San Francisco may only be nonprofit, but the new law will allow them to operate as for-profit businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The new law gives the city the opportunity to impose taxation on cultivation, production and dispensing,” said Cyndy Comerford, a manager in the planning and policy office of San Francisco’s Department of Public Health. Comerford did not have an estimate on how much revenue taxation could bring the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comerford said the city’s next steps are twofold: participating with state agencies developing new regulations and crafting local legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Oakland is significantly ahead of its Bay Area neighbor in responding to the Medical Marijuana Regulation and Safety Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, the Oakland City Council updated the city’s medical cannabis ordinances to mirror the state law and make it possible for Oakland residents to apply for the necessary local permits. It also expanded the number of dispensaries that can operate in the city, allowing up to eight new dispensaries to open a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland’s updated ordinance includes employment regulations geared toward Oakland residents. Under Oakland’s new laws, half of dispensary staff members must be Oakland residents -- and half of that group must live in high-unemployment areas. The ordinance also provides potential tax breaks and other incentives to dispensaries that hire Oakland residents who have been previously incarcerated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another twist in the new ordinance is an “equity” requirement. Fifty percent of new Oakland dispensaries will be eligible for a license in the Dispensary Equity Permit Program. Under the program, applicants must have at least one member who:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">has lived in Oakland for at least two years in one of six police beats that have been most affected by cannabis-related crime\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">has been incarcerated for a cannabis-related offense in the past 10 years\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">has at least a 50 percent ownership share in the dispensary\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>These stipulations are aimed at rewarding low income and previously incarcerated communities. While the new rules were unanimously approved by the Oakland City Council in May, they have not been universally endorsed and continue to be the subject of debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s been a lot of back and forth,” said Joe DeVries, assistant to the city administrator and a staff member on the city’s Cannabis Regulation Commission. DeVries said the bigger focus right now is getting applications out under the current ordinance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission is slated to further discuss the equity provisions at its meeting Thursday evening.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/213923/oakland-sf-revise-medical-marijuana-regulations-in-face-of-new-state-law","authors":["11260"],"categories":["stateofhealth_14"],"tags":["stateofhealth_2622","stateofhealth_2519"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_215490","label":"stateofhealth"},"stateofhealth_163392":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_163392","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"163392","score":null,"sort":[1458780673000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"like-alcohol-heavy-pot-use-linked-to-economic-social-problems","title":"Like Alcohol, Heavy Pot Use Linked to Economic, Social Problems","publishDate":1458780673,"format":"standard","headTitle":"State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cp>Persistent, heavy use of marijuana is associated with economic and social problems in adults, according to an international study led by researchers at UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis was done on a group of more than 900 people whom researchers have followed since they were born almost 40 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, the people who smoked marijuana four or more times per week over many years were much more likely to end up in a lower social class than their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By that we mean they ended up in jobs that were lower paying, they were less prestigious and they required less skills than jobs that their parents have,\" said lead author \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/emergency/ourteam/faculty/cerda.html\" target=\"_blank\">Magdalena Cerda\u003c/a>, an associate professor of emergency medicine at UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cerda and other co-authors interviewed stressed that their study was observational and could not prove that marijuana use caused these problems, but the researchers took into account many factors that could skew results, including any history of criminal conviction for marijuana use, history of antisocial behavior during adolescence, impulsivity problems, and lower IQ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://psychandneuro.duke.edu/people?Gurl=&Uil=6568&subpage=profile\" target=\"_blank\">Terrie Moffitt\u003c/a>, a professor in the department of psychology and neuroscience at Duke University, was a co-author of the study, published in the journal \u003ca href=\"http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/publications/journals/clinical\" target=\"_blank\">Clinical Psychological Science\u003c/a>. She said that in the group, the longer people used marijuana, the more their credit ratings fell. \"So they were at the point in their late 30s where they wouldn't be able to get a mortgage or borrow money to start a small business,\" she said. \"So this is a pretty crippling level of financial difficulties.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team also looked closely at people's job performance and relationship issues. Those who were long term, persistent users of marijuana, were more likely to have problems with coworkers and productivity problems, like calling in sick when they weren't actually sick, Moffitt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In short, long-term, persistent marijuana use was \"not safe\" for the users in their study, Cerda said. Problems were comparable to those seen in people who are dependent on alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/254670305\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\"We found that in the case of economic and social harms, cannabis was not safer than alcohol and, in fact, in the case of financial difficulties, cannabis was more harmful than alcohol.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cerda said she was surprised when they saw that heavy pot users also reported more domestic violence than those who were not heavy users. \"We found that it was comparable to the effect of alcohol dependence on abuse,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The people followed are part of the \u003ca href=\"http://dunedinstudy.otago.ac.nz\" target=\"_blank\">Dunedin Longitudinal Study\u003c/a>. Every child born in Dunedin, a city in New Zealand, between April, 1972 and March 1973 was enrolled and has been followed in three to six year intervals since. More than 1,000 papers have been published in the 40 years of follow up about everything from asthma to experience in the workforce. The group is mostly white, but of varying socio-economic levels that is similar to the general population of the U.S., Cerda said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics say the study is inherently flawed, because all current recreational pot smokers in New Zealand -- and in much of the U.S. -- are people who are willing to break the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really not a good indicator of marijuana's effects itself,\" said Mason Tvert, communications director for the Marijuana Policy Project in Washington, D.C., \"but more of who's more likely to break the law and use marijuana.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Magdalena Cerda was on KQED Forum Wednesday morning talking about the study, and at least one caller had the same reaction as Tvert. (Others had stronger reactions, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201603230900\" target=\"_blank\">you can listen\u003c/a> if you want to hear more.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But journalist David Downs, who writes \u003ca href=\"http://legalization%20nation%20east%20bay%20express\" target=\"_blank\">Legalization Nation\u003c/a> for the East Bay Express and described himself as supportive of updating both medicinal and recreational marijuana use laws, said he found the study \"super fascinating.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the study suggested a common sense approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you drink a lot, if you smoke a lot, if you do any mind-altering activity heavily every day, I imagine it’s going to alter a lot of people’s life courses,\" Down said. \"I don’t hear anybody saying, 'Smoke pot every day, it’s going to turn out great.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Several people who called or emailed Forum said they were daily users and their lives were fine.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professor Wayne Hall directs the Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research at Australia's University of Queensland. He was not involved with the study, but he said the findings about economic and social problems were consistent with other studies, including in \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0084.2007.00480.x/abstract\" target=\"_blank\">the Netherlands\u003c/a> where marijuana is \"defecto legal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's an important study,\" he said and seemed especially interested by the comparison with alcohol use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's telling us what people don't want to hear,\" he said. \"There are patterns with marijuana use that can provide the same social outcomes as patterns we see with drinking.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be clear, this study did not look at health effects, which the authors agreed are far worse for alcohol than for marijuana. And because alcohol is more widely used it is \"still a bigger problem,\" UC Davis' Cerda said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the study comes as it's widely expected that a ballot measure to approve adult use of marijuana will be before California voters in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study authors said they took no position on whether recreational marijuana should be legal. Moffitt said that among the study authors, some used marijuana and some did not. But the study highlights the importance of investing in programs to prevent regular marijuana use and to treat addiction early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we don't know with legalization is if cannabis abuse will start to become more prevalent like alcohol abuse is,\" said Moffitt. \"That's the $64 million question.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Heavy pot use not \"safer\" than heavy alcohol use, researchers find.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1458922912,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":1007},"headData":{"title":"Like Alcohol, Heavy Pot Use Linked to Economic, Social Problems | KQED","description":"Heavy pot use not "safer" than heavy alcohol use, researchers find.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Like Alcohol, Heavy Pot Use Linked to Economic, Social Problems","datePublished":"2016-03-24T00:51:13.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-25T16:21:52.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"163392 http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=163392","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/03/23/like-alcohol-heavy-pot-use-linked-to-economic-social-problems/","disqusTitle":"Like Alcohol, Heavy Pot Use Linked to Economic, Social Problems","path":"/stateofhealth/163392/like-alcohol-heavy-pot-use-linked-to-economic-social-problems","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Persistent, heavy use of marijuana is associated with economic and social problems in adults, according to an international study led by researchers at UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis was done on a group of more than 900 people whom researchers have followed since they were born almost 40 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, the people who smoked marijuana four or more times per week over many years were much more likely to end up in a lower social class than their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By that we mean they ended up in jobs that were lower paying, they were less prestigious and they required less skills than jobs that their parents have,\" said lead author \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/emergency/ourteam/faculty/cerda.html\" target=\"_blank\">Magdalena Cerda\u003c/a>, an associate professor of emergency medicine at UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cerda and other co-authors interviewed stressed that their study was observational and could not prove that marijuana use caused these problems, but the researchers took into account many factors that could skew results, including any history of criminal conviction for marijuana use, history of antisocial behavior during adolescence, impulsivity problems, and lower IQ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://psychandneuro.duke.edu/people?Gurl=&Uil=6568&subpage=profile\" target=\"_blank\">Terrie Moffitt\u003c/a>, a professor in the department of psychology and neuroscience at Duke University, was a co-author of the study, published in the journal \u003ca href=\"http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/publications/journals/clinical\" target=\"_blank\">Clinical Psychological Science\u003c/a>. She said that in the group, the longer people used marijuana, the more their credit ratings fell. \"So they were at the point in their late 30s where they wouldn't be able to get a mortgage or borrow money to start a small business,\" she said. \"So this is a pretty crippling level of financial difficulties.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team also looked closely at people's job performance and relationship issues. Those who were long term, persistent users of marijuana, were more likely to have problems with coworkers and productivity problems, like calling in sick when they weren't actually sick, Moffitt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In short, long-term, persistent marijuana use was \"not safe\" for the users in their study, Cerda said. Problems were comparable to those seen in people who are dependent on alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/254670305&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/254670305'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\"We found that in the case of economic and social harms, cannabis was not safer than alcohol and, in fact, in the case of financial difficulties, cannabis was more harmful than alcohol.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cerda said she was surprised when they saw that heavy pot users also reported more domestic violence than those who were not heavy users. \"We found that it was comparable to the effect of alcohol dependence on abuse,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The people followed are part of the \u003ca href=\"http://dunedinstudy.otago.ac.nz\" target=\"_blank\">Dunedin Longitudinal Study\u003c/a>. Every child born in Dunedin, a city in New Zealand, between April, 1972 and March 1973 was enrolled and has been followed in three to six year intervals since. More than 1,000 papers have been published in the 40 years of follow up about everything from asthma to experience in the workforce. The group is mostly white, but of varying socio-economic levels that is similar to the general population of the U.S., Cerda said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics say the study is inherently flawed, because all current recreational pot smokers in New Zealand -- and in much of the U.S. -- are people who are willing to break the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really not a good indicator of marijuana's effects itself,\" said Mason Tvert, communications director for the Marijuana Policy Project in Washington, D.C., \"but more of who's more likely to break the law and use marijuana.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Magdalena Cerda was on KQED Forum Wednesday morning talking about the study, and at least one caller had the same reaction as Tvert. (Others had stronger reactions, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201603230900\" target=\"_blank\">you can listen\u003c/a> if you want to hear more.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But journalist David Downs, who writes \u003ca href=\"http://legalization%20nation%20east%20bay%20express\" target=\"_blank\">Legalization Nation\u003c/a> for the East Bay Express and described himself as supportive of updating both medicinal and recreational marijuana use laws, said he found the study \"super fascinating.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the study suggested a common sense approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you drink a lot, if you smoke a lot, if you do any mind-altering activity heavily every day, I imagine it’s going to alter a lot of people’s life courses,\" Down said. \"I don’t hear anybody saying, 'Smoke pot every day, it’s going to turn out great.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Several people who called or emailed Forum said they were daily users and their lives were fine.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professor Wayne Hall directs the Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research at Australia's University of Queensland. He was not involved with the study, but he said the findings about economic and social problems were consistent with other studies, including in \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0084.2007.00480.x/abstract\" target=\"_blank\">the Netherlands\u003c/a> where marijuana is \"defecto legal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's an important study,\" he said and seemed especially interested by the comparison with alcohol use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's telling us what people don't want to hear,\" he said. \"There are patterns with marijuana use that can provide the same social outcomes as patterns we see with drinking.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be clear, this study did not look at health effects, which the authors agreed are far worse for alcohol than for marijuana. And because alcohol is more widely used it is \"still a bigger problem,\" UC Davis' Cerda said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the study comes as it's widely expected that a ballot measure to approve adult use of marijuana will be before California voters in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study authors said they took no position on whether recreational marijuana should be legal. Moffitt said that among the study authors, some used marijuana and some did not. But the study highlights the importance of investing in programs to prevent regular marijuana use and to treat addiction early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we don't know with legalization is if cannabis abuse will start to become more prevalent like alcohol abuse is,\" said Moffitt. \"That's the $64 million question.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/163392/like-alcohol-heavy-pot-use-linked-to-economic-social-problems","authors":["240"],"categories":["stateofhealth_11"],"tags":["stateofhealth_2622","stateofhealth_2519","stateofhealth_461"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_163794","label":"stateofhealth"},"stateofhealth_128449":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_128449","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"128449","score":null,"sort":[1450883608000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"washington-scientists-building-marijuana-breathalyzer-to-id-stoned-drivers","title":"Washington Scientists Building Marijuana Breathalyzer To ID Stoned Drivers","publishDate":1450883608,"format":"standard","headTitle":"State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>A quartet of Western states and the District of Columbia have legalized recreational marijuana, and voters in a half-dozen more states may vote on pot legalization in 2016. That's leading law enforcement officials and entrepreneurs to try to come up with better ways of testing for driving while stoned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police usually spot impaired drivers by noting driving behavior, coordination, mannerisms and physical cues. But while a handheld breath test can quickly determine whether someone is legally drunk based on ethanol in the breath, there's no instant test for marijuana intoxication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Washington state, which is one of 18 states that has \u003ca href=\"http://ghsa.org/html/stateinfo/laws/dre_perse_laws.html\">set limits on marijuana intoxication\u003c/a> while driving, law enforcement can seek a warrant for a blood draw to test for THC, the main active ingredient in marijuana. But it can take weeks for results to come back from the toxicology lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With more Washington state \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/08/19/432896393/more-washington-drivers-use-and-drive\">drivers being arrested\u003c/a> with marijuana in their systems since the state legalized recreational marijuana, there's growing need for a fast way to identify impaired drivers and get them off the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herb Hill, a chemistry professor at Washington State University in Pullman, heard about the challenges of nailing drug-impaired drivers from a colleague who was a political science professor. \"I said, 'Why don't we have a Breathalyzer for that?' He said none exists,\" Hill said. \"I said, 'We can probably make one.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Hill and his colleagues are trying to develop a hand-held device that police officers can use to detect THC in breath. Preliminary field testing with 30 human subjects this spring established that the device can detect THC in breath, Hill said. Much more testing is ahead to look at potential variations among gender, race, body types and amount of use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128451\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-128451\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/12/breathalyzer-2_enl-462f4f6e28abeed88d820d946baf930178915e07-400x279.jpg\" alt=\"Research professor Wenjie Liu works with graduate student Jennifer Tufariello and professor Herb Hill to develop a marijuana breath test at Washington State University\" width=\"400\" height=\"279\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Research professor Wenjie Liu works with graduate student Jennifer Tufariello and professor Herb Hill to develop a marijuana breath test at Washington State University \u003ccite>(Tom Banse/KUOW)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hill's team recruits volunteers who buy their own weed, smoke it at their homes and then blow into the prototype.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We had to go through institutional board review,\" Hill said, referring to federal restrictions on research involving marijuana. \"It took us almost a year to get permission to do this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It wasn't very hard to find the volunteers,\" Hill added. \"We have a waiting list of volunteers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The human guinea pigs get paid just over minimum wage to smoke their pot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hill said the portable device may look like an alcohol Breathalyzer but works differently inside. His team is modifying existing sniffers used at airports to detect explosives and by the military to alert to the presence of chemical warfare agents. The technology is called ion mobility spectrometry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the beginning at least this would not be used as evidential information,\" Hill explained. \"It would be used as screening information to help the officer say he should take a blood sample now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jake Yancey, a police officer in Tumwater, Wash., said he would be \"super excited\" to get a detector that he hopes could \"drastically speed up\" the process of confirming or ruling out a person's possible marijuana impairment. But a pot breath test must prove itself highly accurate before Washington state would adopt it, according to Lt. Rob Sharpe, head of the impaired driving section at the Washington State Patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even if it is a preliminary device, we still need that level of accuracy and reliability for trust and confidence,\" Sharpe said. \"Regardless where it comes into play in that arrest decision, we're talking about people's rights, their liberties and freedoms. We need to be accurate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of which points to it being several years at the earliest before you'd see a roadside breath test to identify stoned drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sharpe said a pot breath test might not even be the chosen answer. He said other companies and research teams are working on alternatives, including cheek swabs or a saliva test, a smartphone-based eye scan, or analyzing sweat on a person's skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since legalizing marijuana use for adults, \u003ca href=\"http://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=46.61.502\">Washington\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.codot.gov/safety/alcohol-and-impaired-driving/druggeddriving\">Colorado\u003c/a> have both set \u003ca href=\"http://ghsa.org/html/stateinfo/laws/dre_perse_laws.html\">legal limits\u003c/a> for THC intoxication at 5 nanograms per milliliter of blood. Oregon and Alaska have not established a legal THC limit beyond which a driver is presumed to be impaired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some marijuana activists have expressed fears that this technology could lead to unimpaired drivers getting unfairly arrested. They point out that THC persists in the body long after the high has worn off. The effects of weed are also different in different people, including between infrequent versus chronic smokers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128452\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-128452\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/12/cannabix_custom-092914e5da1d62af2355eabd189651cf841e272c.jpg\" alt=\"This prototype of a marijuana breath tester was developed by Vancouver, British Columbia-based Cannabix Technologies\" width=\"200\" height=\"178\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This prototype of a marijuana breath tester was developed by Vancouver, British Columbia-based Cannabix Technologies \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Cannabix Technologies)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Indeed, there is no universal agreement on how much THC is impairing — countries in Europe have set legal limits at 2 to 7 nanograms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the next rounds of human testing of the marijuana breath tester, the Washington state researchers want to correlate breath readings of THC with simultaneous blood draws and measurements. This could help to establish how long THC lingers in the breath after initial consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early on, the WSU professors took their idea to \u003ca href=\"http://www.chemringnorthamerica.com/business-groups/sensors-and-electronics.aspx\">Chemring\u003c/a>, a Falls Church, Va., instrument maker that agreed to pay for the R&D and will have the commercialization rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Chemring-WSU team is by no means alone in trying to perfect a marijuana breath test. Competitors include Lifeloc Technologies of Colorado, which already makes alcohol testers, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cannabixtechnologies.com/\">Cannabix Technologies Inc.\u003c/a> of Vancouver, British Columbia, has shown off an initial prototype at conferences. There are reportedly several research teams at work in Europe as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NWNews. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.nwnewsnetwork.org/\">NWNews\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=High+On+The+Highway%3A+Scientists+Try+To+Build+A+Marijuana+Breath+Test&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Now that recreational marijuana is legal in four states, police are looking for quicker ways to test drivers for excessive pot use.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450884131,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":955},"headData":{"title":"Washington Scientists Building Marijuana Breathalyzer To ID Stoned Drivers | KQED","description":"Now that recreational marijuana is legal in four states, police are looking for quicker ways to test drivers for excessive pot use.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Washington Scientists Building Marijuana Breathalyzer To ID Stoned Drivers","datePublished":"2015-12-23T15:13:28.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-23T15:22:11.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"128449 http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=128449","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/12/23/washington-scientists-building-marijuana-breathalyzer-to-id-stoned-drivers/","disqusTitle":"Washington Scientists Building Marijuana Breathalyzer To ID Stoned Drivers","source":"NPR","sourceUrl":"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/12/21/460577098/high-on-the-highway-scientists-try-to-build-a-marijuana-breathalyzer","nprByline":"Tom Banse","nprImageAgency":"Tom Banse/KUOW","nprStoryId":"460577098","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=460577098&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/12/21/460577098/high-on-the-highway-scientists-try-to-build-a-marijuana-breathalyzer?ft=nprml&f=460577098","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 22 Dec 2015 17:47:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 21 Dec 2015 16:19:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 22 Dec 2015 17:47:47 -0500","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/12/20151221_atc_high_on_the_highway_scientists_try_to_create_a_marijuana_breathalyzer.mp3?orgId=1146&topicId=1128&d=233&p=2&story=460577098&t=progseg&e=460541377&seg=16&ft=nprml&f=460577098","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1460602141-67c0c9.m3u?orgId=1146&topicId=1128&d=233&p=2&story=460577098&t=progseg&e=460541377&seg=16&ft=nprml&f=460577098","path":"/stateofhealth/128449/washington-scientists-building-marijuana-breathalyzer-to-id-stoned-drivers","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/12/20151221_atc_high_on_the_highway_scientists_try_to_create_a_marijuana_breathalyzer.mp3?orgId=1146&topicId=1128&d=233&p=2&story=460577098&t=progseg&e=460541377&seg=16&ft=nprml&f=460577098","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A quartet of Western states and the District of Columbia have legalized recreational marijuana, and voters in a half-dozen more states may vote on pot legalization in 2016. That's leading law enforcement officials and entrepreneurs to try to come up with better ways of testing for driving while stoned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police usually spot impaired drivers by noting driving behavior, coordination, mannerisms and physical cues. But while a handheld breath test can quickly determine whether someone is legally drunk based on ethanol in the breath, there's no instant test for marijuana intoxication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Washington state, which is one of 18 states that has \u003ca href=\"http://ghsa.org/html/stateinfo/laws/dre_perse_laws.html\">set limits on marijuana intoxication\u003c/a> while driving, law enforcement can seek a warrant for a blood draw to test for THC, the main active ingredient in marijuana. But it can take weeks for results to come back from the toxicology lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With more Washington state \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/08/19/432896393/more-washington-drivers-use-and-drive\">drivers being arrested\u003c/a> with marijuana in their systems since the state legalized recreational marijuana, there's growing need for a fast way to identify impaired drivers and get them off the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herb Hill, a chemistry professor at Washington State University in Pullman, heard about the challenges of nailing drug-impaired drivers from a colleague who was a political science professor. \"I said, 'Why don't we have a Breathalyzer for that?' He said none exists,\" Hill said. \"I said, 'We can probably make one.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Hill and his colleagues are trying to develop a hand-held device that police officers can use to detect THC in breath. Preliminary field testing with 30 human subjects this spring established that the device can detect THC in breath, Hill said. Much more testing is ahead to look at potential variations among gender, race, body types and amount of use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128451\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-128451\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/12/breathalyzer-2_enl-462f4f6e28abeed88d820d946baf930178915e07-400x279.jpg\" alt=\"Research professor Wenjie Liu works with graduate student Jennifer Tufariello and professor Herb Hill to develop a marijuana breath test at Washington State University\" width=\"400\" height=\"279\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Research professor Wenjie Liu works with graduate student Jennifer Tufariello and professor Herb Hill to develop a marijuana breath test at Washington State University \u003ccite>(Tom Banse/KUOW)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hill's team recruits volunteers who buy their own weed, smoke it at their homes and then blow into the prototype.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We had to go through institutional board review,\" Hill said, referring to federal restrictions on research involving marijuana. \"It took us almost a year to get permission to do this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It wasn't very hard to find the volunteers,\" Hill added. \"We have a waiting list of volunteers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The human guinea pigs get paid just over minimum wage to smoke their pot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hill said the portable device may look like an alcohol Breathalyzer but works differently inside. His team is modifying existing sniffers used at airports to detect explosives and by the military to alert to the presence of chemical warfare agents. The technology is called ion mobility spectrometry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the beginning at least this would not be used as evidential information,\" Hill explained. \"It would be used as screening information to help the officer say he should take a blood sample now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jake Yancey, a police officer in Tumwater, Wash., said he would be \"super excited\" to get a detector that he hopes could \"drastically speed up\" the process of confirming or ruling out a person's possible marijuana impairment. But a pot breath test must prove itself highly accurate before Washington state would adopt it, according to Lt. Rob Sharpe, head of the impaired driving section at the Washington State Patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even if it is a preliminary device, we still need that level of accuracy and reliability for trust and confidence,\" Sharpe said. \"Regardless where it comes into play in that arrest decision, we're talking about people's rights, their liberties and freedoms. We need to be accurate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of which points to it being several years at the earliest before you'd see a roadside breath test to identify stoned drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sharpe said a pot breath test might not even be the chosen answer. He said other companies and research teams are working on alternatives, including cheek swabs or a saliva test, a smartphone-based eye scan, or analyzing sweat on a person's skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since legalizing marijuana use for adults, \u003ca href=\"http://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=46.61.502\">Washington\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.codot.gov/safety/alcohol-and-impaired-driving/druggeddriving\">Colorado\u003c/a> have both set \u003ca href=\"http://ghsa.org/html/stateinfo/laws/dre_perse_laws.html\">legal limits\u003c/a> for THC intoxication at 5 nanograms per milliliter of blood. Oregon and Alaska have not established a legal THC limit beyond which a driver is presumed to be impaired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some marijuana activists have expressed fears that this technology could lead to unimpaired drivers getting unfairly arrested. They point out that THC persists in the body long after the high has worn off. The effects of weed are also different in different people, including between infrequent versus chronic smokers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128452\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-128452\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/12/cannabix_custom-092914e5da1d62af2355eabd189651cf841e272c.jpg\" alt=\"This prototype of a marijuana breath tester was developed by Vancouver, British Columbia-based Cannabix Technologies\" width=\"200\" height=\"178\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This prototype of a marijuana breath tester was developed by Vancouver, British Columbia-based Cannabix Technologies \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Cannabix Technologies)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Indeed, there is no universal agreement on how much THC is impairing — countries in Europe have set legal limits at 2 to 7 nanograms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the next rounds of human testing of the marijuana breath tester, the Washington state researchers want to correlate breath readings of THC with simultaneous blood draws and measurements. This could help to establish how long THC lingers in the breath after initial consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early on, the WSU professors took their idea to \u003ca href=\"http://www.chemringnorthamerica.com/business-groups/sensors-and-electronics.aspx\">Chemring\u003c/a>, a Falls Church, Va., instrument maker that agreed to pay for the R&D and will have the commercialization rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Chemring-WSU team is by no means alone in trying to perfect a marijuana breath test. Competitors include Lifeloc Technologies of Colorado, which already makes alcohol testers, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cannabixtechnologies.com/\">Cannabix Technologies Inc.\u003c/a> of Vancouver, British Columbia, has shown off an initial prototype at conferences. There are reportedly several research teams at work in Europe as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NWNews. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.nwnewsnetwork.org/\">NWNews\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=High+On+The+Highway%3A+Scientists+Try+To+Build+A+Marijuana+Breath+Test&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/128449/washington-scientists-building-marijuana-breathalyzer-to-id-stoned-drivers","authors":["byline_stateofhealth_128449"],"categories":["stateofhealth_13"],"tags":["stateofhealth_2622","stateofhealth_2519"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_128450","label":"source_stateofhealth_128449"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. 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No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. Download Chris’s Song of the Week plus other highlights from the broadcast. Produced by American Public Media.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-8pm, SUN 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Live-From-Here-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.livefromhere.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"american public media"},"link":"/radio/program/live-from-here-highlights","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1167173941","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Live-from-Here-Highlights-p921744/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/a-prairie-home-companion-highlights/rss/rss"}},"marketplace":{"id":"marketplace","title":"Marketplace","info":"Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. 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