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FM","link":"/"}},"stateofhealth_260937":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_260937","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"260937","score":null,"sort":[1479497512000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"will-legal-marijuana-lead-to-more-people-smoking-tobacco","title":"Will Legal Marijuana Lead to More People Smoking Tobacco?","publishDate":1479497512,"format":"standard","headTitle":"State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>California's decision to legalize marijuana was touted as a victory for those who had argued that the state needed a system to decriminalize, regulate and tax it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the new law, approved by voters on Nov. 8, also could be a boon to the tobacco industry at a time when cigarette smoking is down and cigarette companies are looking for ways to expand their market, according to researchers in Los Angeles County and around the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They warn that unless the state proceeds carefully, the legalization of marijuana for recreational use could roll back some of the gains California has made in reducing the use of tobacco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a concern that there could be a potential renormalization of smoking,\" says Michael Ong, an associate professor at UCLA's David Geffen School of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ong says it will depend on how the initiative is implemented, whether officials follow through on the regulation, and how involved public health officials are with it. \"It will be important to make sure that we don't have a setback in terms of what we have done for clean air in California ... and what we have done to reduce tobacco's harms,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ethan Nadelmann, executive director of the Drug Policy Alliance, which supports marijuana legalization, defended the measure, saying there is no evidence that legalization leads to increased cannabis consumption — or tobacco smoking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's adult smoking rate is the second-lowest in the country, at 11.6 percent, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/tobacco/Documents/CDPH%20CTCP%20Refresh/Research%20and%20Evaluation/Facts%20and%20Figures/FactsFigures2016PrePrintEditionV2.pdf?ncid=txtlnkusaolp00000618\" target=\"_blank\">California Department of Public Health\u003c/a>. The smoking rate dropped by more than 50 percent between 1988 and 2014, cutting health care costs and reducing tobacco-related diseases, according to the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The headway against smoking over the past few decades is due to a combination of factors, including tobacco taxes, laws restricting where people can smoke, and broad-based media campaigns and programs to help people quit. Despite the decline in smoking, the use of e-cigarettes has increased dramatically over the past few years, with nearly 10 percent of adults ages 18 through 24 now using them, according to the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another ballot initiative passed by voters last week could push the smoking rate even lower. Prop. 56 will add $2 per pack to the tax on cigarettes and increases taxes on electronic cigarettes that contain nicotine and other tobacco products. The money will help pay for health care and increase funding for tobacco control and prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The marijuana initiative, Prop. 64, allows adults ages 21 and over to grow, buy and possess small amounts of marijuana for personal use. It also regulates recreational marijuana businesses and imposes taxes that will help pay for drug education and prevention programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonnie Halpern-Felsher, a pediatrics professor at the Stanford University School of Medicine, says she is concerned that there may not be enough education and prevention written into the proposition, especially targeted at youth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marijuana is already the most widely used illegal drug among adolescents. Many young people consider marijuana and blunts, which are marijuana rolled with a tobacco leaf wrapper, to be more socially acceptable and less risky than cigarettes, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27746339\" target=\"_blank\">recent study\u003c/a> co-authored by Halpern-Felsher. The study also found that youths who saw messages about the benefits of marijuana were more likely to use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blunts are particularly worrisome because they contain nicotine as well as marijuana, Halpern-Felsher says. Many young people may not understand the risk of blunts or marijuana, she notes, and once they start thinking that smoking one product is acceptable, they may believe it's OK to smoke other things as well. \"That's my concern,\" she says. \"I do think people are going to generalize.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the tobacco industry's point of view, marijuana could serve as a \"smoke inhalation trainer,\" and thus become a gateway to tobacco use, says Robert K. Jackler, a professor at the Stanford School of Medicine who researches tobacco advertising. He says tobacco and marijuana are marketed in similar ways — as products to help people relax and ease their stress. \"There is tremendous overlap potential,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tobacco companies could easily try to exploit that similarity to enter the marijuana market, Jackler says. They already have enormous influence on state laws and regulations, and could try to set up small dispensaries and make marijuana another one of their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The tobacco industry is always looking for replacement products because, at least in America, smoking is down,\" he says. \"This will give them a new entry into the market. They are best equipped to exploit this market opportunity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the tobacco industry considered getting into the marijuana market in the 1960s and 70s and could easily do so, says Stanton Glantz, a professor at University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine. Glantz believes that even as the newly approved tobacco tax reduces California's smoking rate further, legalized marijuana will help sustain the tobacco market. He says he expected to see mass marketing and branding of marijuana over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with some therapeutic benefits of marijuana, there are also health risks, Glantz says. \"The likely costs that are going to be incurred by all the marijuana-induced diseases don't come close to being covered by the taxes that are written into Prop. 64,\" he warns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative should have included higher taxes, graphic warning labels, provisions to keep demand low and a broad-based education campaign like there is on tobacco, Glantz argues. \"The ideal situation is where it's legal so nobody is thrown in jail, but nobody wants to buy it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legalization supporters said they don't believe the tobacco industry will get involved in the marijuana market until and unless federal prohibition ends. Marijuana is still illegal under federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nadelmann, of the pro-marijuana Drug Policy Alliance, says it is misguided to conflate the two products. Young people can distinguish between the effects of cigarettes and marijuana, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Teenagers are actually smarter than most of the adult propaganda,\" Nadelmann says. \"They know smoking cigarettes is really stupid and that smoking marijuana is not such a major issue.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>Kaiser Health News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, which publishes\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>California Healthline\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, an editorially independent service of the\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>California Health Care Foundation\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 Kaiser Health News. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Will+Legal+Marijuana+Lead+To+More+People+Smoking+Tobacco%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California boasts one of the lowest rates of tobacco smoking in the nation, but some worry new marijuana laws will change that.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1479505125,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":1061},"headData":{"title":"Will Legal Marijuana Lead to More People Smoking Tobacco? | KQED","description":"California boasts one of the lowest rates of tobacco smoking in the nation, but some worry new marijuana laws will change that.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Will Legal Marijuana Lead to More People Smoking Tobacco?","datePublished":"2016-11-18T19:31:52.000Z","dateModified":"2016-11-18T21:38:45.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"260937 http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=260937","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/11/18/will-legal-marijuana-lead-to-more-people-smoking-tobacco/","disqusTitle":"Will Legal Marijuana Lead to More People Smoking Tobacco?","source":"Kaiser Health News","nprImageCredit":"PhotoAlto/Katarina Sundelin","nprByline":"Anna Gorman","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"502567273","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=502567273&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/11/18/502567273/will-legal-marijuana-lead-to-more-people-smoking-tobacco?ft=nprml&f=502567273","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 18 Nov 2016 11:42:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 18 Nov 2016 11:36:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 18 Nov 2016 11:42:01 -0500","path":"/stateofhealth/260937/will-legal-marijuana-lead-to-more-people-smoking-tobacco","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California's decision to legalize marijuana was touted as a victory for those who had argued that the state needed a system to decriminalize, regulate and tax it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the new law, approved by voters on Nov. 8, also could be a boon to the tobacco industry at a time when cigarette smoking is down and cigarette companies are looking for ways to expand their market, according to researchers in Los Angeles County and around the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They warn that unless the state proceeds carefully, the legalization of marijuana for recreational use could roll back some of the gains California has made in reducing the use of tobacco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a concern that there could be a potential renormalization of smoking,\" says Michael Ong, an associate professor at UCLA's David Geffen School of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ong says it will depend on how the initiative is implemented, whether officials follow through on the regulation, and how involved public health officials are with it. \"It will be important to make sure that we don't have a setback in terms of what we have done for clean air in California ... and what we have done to reduce tobacco's harms,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ethan Nadelmann, executive director of the Drug Policy Alliance, which supports marijuana legalization, defended the measure, saying there is no evidence that legalization leads to increased cannabis consumption — or tobacco smoking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's adult smoking rate is the second-lowest in the country, at 11.6 percent, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/tobacco/Documents/CDPH%20CTCP%20Refresh/Research%20and%20Evaluation/Facts%20and%20Figures/FactsFigures2016PrePrintEditionV2.pdf?ncid=txtlnkusaolp00000618\" target=\"_blank\">California Department of Public Health\u003c/a>. The smoking rate dropped by more than 50 percent between 1988 and 2014, cutting health care costs and reducing tobacco-related diseases, according to the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The headway against smoking over the past few decades is due to a combination of factors, including tobacco taxes, laws restricting where people can smoke, and broad-based media campaigns and programs to help people quit. Despite the decline in smoking, the use of e-cigarettes has increased dramatically over the past few years, with nearly 10 percent of adults ages 18 through 24 now using them, according to the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another ballot initiative passed by voters last week could push the smoking rate even lower. Prop. 56 will add $2 per pack to the tax on cigarettes and increases taxes on electronic cigarettes that contain nicotine and other tobacco products. The money will help pay for health care and increase funding for tobacco control and prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The marijuana initiative, Prop. 64, allows adults ages 21 and over to grow, buy and possess small amounts of marijuana for personal use. It also regulates recreational marijuana businesses and imposes taxes that will help pay for drug education and prevention programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonnie Halpern-Felsher, a pediatrics professor at the Stanford University School of Medicine, says she is concerned that there may not be enough education and prevention written into the proposition, especially targeted at youth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marijuana is already the most widely used illegal drug among adolescents. Many young people consider marijuana and blunts, which are marijuana rolled with a tobacco leaf wrapper, to be more socially acceptable and less risky than cigarettes, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27746339\" target=\"_blank\">recent study\u003c/a> co-authored by Halpern-Felsher. The study also found that youths who saw messages about the benefits of marijuana were more likely to use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blunts are particularly worrisome because they contain nicotine as well as marijuana, Halpern-Felsher says. Many young people may not understand the risk of blunts or marijuana, she notes, and once they start thinking that smoking one product is acceptable, they may believe it's OK to smoke other things as well. \"That's my concern,\" she says. \"I do think people are going to generalize.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the tobacco industry's point of view, marijuana could serve as a \"smoke inhalation trainer,\" and thus become a gateway to tobacco use, says Robert K. Jackler, a professor at the Stanford School of Medicine who researches tobacco advertising. He says tobacco and marijuana are marketed in similar ways — as products to help people relax and ease their stress. \"There is tremendous overlap potential,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tobacco companies could easily try to exploit that similarity to enter the marijuana market, Jackler says. They already have enormous influence on state laws and regulations, and could try to set up small dispensaries and make marijuana another one of their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The tobacco industry is always looking for replacement products because, at least in America, smoking is down,\" he says. \"This will give them a new entry into the market. They are best equipped to exploit this market opportunity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the tobacco industry considered getting into the marijuana market in the 1960s and 70s and could easily do so, says Stanton Glantz, a professor at University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine. Glantz believes that even as the newly approved tobacco tax reduces California's smoking rate further, legalized marijuana will help sustain the tobacco market. He says he expected to see mass marketing and branding of marijuana over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with some therapeutic benefits of marijuana, there are also health risks, Glantz says. \"The likely costs that are going to be incurred by all the marijuana-induced diseases don't come close to being covered by the taxes that are written into Prop. 64,\" he warns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative should have included higher taxes, graphic warning labels, provisions to keep demand low and a broad-based education campaign like there is on tobacco, Glantz argues. \"The ideal situation is where it's legal so nobody is thrown in jail, but nobody wants to buy it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legalization supporters said they don't believe the tobacco industry will get involved in the marijuana market until and unless federal prohibition ends. Marijuana is still illegal under federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nadelmann, of the pro-marijuana Drug Policy Alliance, says it is misguided to conflate the two products. Young people can distinguish between the effects of cigarettes and marijuana, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Teenagers are actually smarter than most of the adult propaganda,\" Nadelmann says. \"They know smoking cigarettes is really stupid and that smoking marijuana is not such a major issue.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>Kaiser Health News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, which publishes\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>California Healthline\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, an editorially independent service of the\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>California Health Care Foundation\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 Kaiser Health News. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Will+Legal+Marijuana+Lead+To+More+People+Smoking+Tobacco%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/260937/will-legal-marijuana-lead-to-more-people-smoking-tobacco","authors":["byline_stateofhealth_260937"],"categories":["stateofhealth_14","stateofhealth_2746"],"tags":["stateofhealth_2925","stateofhealth_2808","stateofhealth_2622","stateofhealth_2519","stateofhealth_2960"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_260938","label":"source_stateofhealth_260937"},"stateofhealth_243273":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_243273","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"243273","score":null,"sort":[1475270484000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"as-california-considers-marijuana-legalization-concerns-linger-over-labeling-edible-products","title":"As California Considers Marijuana Legalization, Concerns Linger Over Labeling Edible Products","publishDate":1475270484,"format":"standard","headTitle":"State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cp>Californians may soon vote to legalize recreational marijuana, which means edible products containing the drug will be more widely available and could accidentally fall into the wrong hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition 64 establishes warning labeling and packaging requirements for edible products containing marijuana. But public health advocates say the goodies, when taken out of their packaging, look just like regular candy and baked goods and could still easily be consumed by mistake or in excessive amounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Edibles are a huge problem,\" said Stanton Glantz, a professor of medicine at the University of California San Francisco and director of the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education. \"They should not be made to look like candy. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, unmarked gummy candy containing marijuana sickened 19 people, who ate it unknowingly when it was served at a Quinceañera party in San Francisco. They were all taken to area hospitals and later released after experiencing symptoms including rapid heart rate, high blood pressure, dilated pupils, dizziness, light-headedness, nausea, lethargy and confusion, according to San Francisco Department of Public Health officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirteen of the those people were children ranging in age from 6 to 18, the health department said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2534480\" target=\"_blank\">2016 study\u003c/a> tracing admissions at Children's Hospital Colorado found that more kids were treated for accidental pot ingestion after legalization, increasing from 1.2 children per 100,000 population two years prior to legalization to 2.3 per 100,000 population two years after legalization, the \u003cem>Associated Press\u003c/em> reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Colorado's new 'universal symbol' labeling requirements\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Colorado, where marijuana is already legal, officials have just beefed up their warnings on edible marijuana products. Starting Saturday, edible marijuana products in Colorado must feature a diamond-shaped stamp with the letters THC on the packaging and even on the edible items themselves. THC, or tetrahydrocannabinol, is the main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That way, the new \"universal symbol\" for food products containing marijuana will be seen on the products even after they are removed from packaging, the AP reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's better than nothing,\" said Glantz, of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said a symbol right on the edible product itself may help some adults who read and understand what THC means to avoid accidentally consuming the product. But he said he doesn't think it will do much to prevent small children from accidentally eating the products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado also has new packaging rules for edible marijuana products that are not possible to stamp. For example, marijuana containing sodas must come in small single-serve bottles, AP reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marijuana legalization advocates say legalizing and regulating edible products will make them safer than when they were sold in the underground market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The imposition of sensible regulations on the cannabis industry, coupled with better public safety information and greater consumer responsibility and accountability, are the best strategies to address cannabis-specific health concerns due to the inadvertent ingestion or over-ingestion of edible products,” said Paul Armentano, deputy director of NORML, a marijuana legalization advocacy group based in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those using marijuana for medical purposes, edible products can also be problematic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think edible marijuana is one of the least desirable ways to use the product,\" said Dr. Laurie Vollen, a medical marijuana specialist at Naturally Healing MD in Albany, CA. \"It is much more difficult to titrate, the THC is metabolized into a more sedating, longer acting and more psychoactive metabolite than regular THC, and it is where people get into trouble.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For patients who prefer an edible form of marijuana, she recommends tinctures or pills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hope California figures out how to prevent … mishaps,\" she said. \"As a physician, I don't recommend any kind of candy, cookie, or sweet with cannabis. Sweets are not healthy to begin with.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Public health advocates say when taken out of their packaging, the products look just like regular candy and baked goods and could be consumed by mistake.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1475270809,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":648},"headData":{"title":"As California Considers Marijuana Legalization, Concerns Linger Over Labeling Edible Products | KQED","description":"Public health advocates say when taken out of their packaging, the products look just like regular candy and baked goods and could be consumed by mistake.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"As California Considers Marijuana Legalization, Concerns Linger Over Labeling Edible Products","datePublished":"2016-09-30T21:21:24.000Z","dateModified":"2016-09-30T21:26:49.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"243273 http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=243273","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/09/30/as-california-considers-marijuana-legalization-concerns-linger-over-labeling-edible-products/","disqusTitle":"As California Considers Marijuana Legalization, Concerns Linger Over Labeling Edible Products","path":"/stateofhealth/243273/as-california-considers-marijuana-legalization-concerns-linger-over-labeling-edible-products","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Californians may soon vote to legalize recreational marijuana, which means edible products containing the drug will be more widely available and could accidentally fall into the wrong hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition 64 establishes warning labeling and packaging requirements for edible products containing marijuana. But public health advocates say the goodies, when taken out of their packaging, look just like regular candy and baked goods and could still easily be consumed by mistake or in excessive amounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Edibles are a huge problem,\" said Stanton Glantz, a professor of medicine at the University of California San Francisco and director of the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education. \"They should not be made to look like candy. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, unmarked gummy candy containing marijuana sickened 19 people, who ate it unknowingly when it was served at a Quinceañera party in San Francisco. They were all taken to area hospitals and later released after experiencing symptoms including rapid heart rate, high blood pressure, dilated pupils, dizziness, light-headedness, nausea, lethargy and confusion, according to San Francisco Department of Public Health officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirteen of the those people were children ranging in age from 6 to 18, the health department said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2534480\" target=\"_blank\">2016 study\u003c/a> tracing admissions at Children's Hospital Colorado found that more kids were treated for accidental pot ingestion after legalization, increasing from 1.2 children per 100,000 population two years prior to legalization to 2.3 per 100,000 population two years after legalization, the \u003cem>Associated Press\u003c/em> reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Colorado's new 'universal symbol' labeling requirements\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Colorado, where marijuana is already legal, officials have just beefed up their warnings on edible marijuana products. Starting Saturday, edible marijuana products in Colorado must feature a diamond-shaped stamp with the letters THC on the packaging and even on the edible items themselves. THC, or tetrahydrocannabinol, is the main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That way, the new \"universal symbol\" for food products containing marijuana will be seen on the products even after they are removed from packaging, the AP reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's better than nothing,\" said Glantz, of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said a symbol right on the edible product itself may help some adults who read and understand what THC means to avoid accidentally consuming the product. But he said he doesn't think it will do much to prevent small children from accidentally eating the products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado also has new packaging rules for edible marijuana products that are not possible to stamp. For example, marijuana containing sodas must come in small single-serve bottles, AP reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marijuana legalization advocates say legalizing and regulating edible products will make them safer than when they were sold in the underground market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The imposition of sensible regulations on the cannabis industry, coupled with better public safety information and greater consumer responsibility and accountability, are the best strategies to address cannabis-specific health concerns due to the inadvertent ingestion or over-ingestion of edible products,” said Paul Armentano, deputy director of NORML, a marijuana legalization advocacy group based in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those using marijuana for medical purposes, edible products can also be problematic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think edible marijuana is one of the least desirable ways to use the product,\" said Dr. Laurie Vollen, a medical marijuana specialist at Naturally Healing MD in Albany, CA. \"It is much more difficult to titrate, the THC is metabolized into a more sedating, longer acting and more psychoactive metabolite than regular THC, and it is where people get into trouble.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For patients who prefer an edible form of marijuana, she recommends tinctures or pills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hope California figures out how to prevent … mishaps,\" she said. \"As a physician, I don't recommend any kind of candy, cookie, or sweet with cannabis. Sweets are not healthy to begin with.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/243273/as-california-considers-marijuana-legalization-concerns-linger-over-labeling-edible-products","authors":["11105"],"categories":["stateofhealth_14"],"tags":["stateofhealth_2722","stateofhealth_2968","stateofhealth_2840","stateofhealth_2925","stateofhealth_2808","stateofhealth_2519","stateofhealth_2960"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_243331","label":"stateofhealth"},"stateofhealth_242587":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_242587","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"242587","score":null,"sort":[1475091570000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"voters-may-expand-legal-access-to-marijuana-in-california-8-other-states","title":"Voters May Expand Legal Access to Marijuana in California, 8 Other States","publishDate":1475091570,"format":"standard","headTitle":"State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cp>From California, with its counterculture heritage, to the fishing ports and mill towns of Maine, millions of Americans in nine states have a chance to vote Nov. 8 on expanding legal access to marijuana. Collectively, the ballot measures amount to the closest the U.S. has come to a national referendum on the drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five states — Arizona, California, Maine, Massachusetts and Nevada — will consider legalizing the recreational use of pot. Three others — Florida, Arkansas and North Dakota — will decide whether to permit marijuana for medical purposes. Montana will weigh whether to ease restrictions on an existing medical marijuana law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the most populous state, with a reputation for trend-setting, California is attracting the most attention — and money — in an intensifying debate over Proposition 64.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silicon Valley tycoons and deep-pocketed donors with connections to the legal medical marijuana industry are among the top financial backers of a pro-pot campaign that has raised almost $17 million. Opponents have raised slightly more than $2 million, including a $1.4 million contribution from retired Pennsylvania art professor Julie Schauer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates on both sides say passage in California would likely ignite legalization movements in other states, especially when the tax dollars start adding up. California's nonpartisan Legislative Analyst's Office estimated the state could collect up to $1 billion a year in marijuana taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As California goes, so goes the nation,\" said University of California, Berkeley political science professor Alan Ross.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If \"yes\" votes prevail across the country, about 75 million people accounting for more than 23 percent of the U.S. population would live in states where recreational pot is legal. The jurisdictions where that's already the case — Alaska, Colorado, Oregon, Washington state and the District of Columbia — have about 18 million residents, or 5.6 percent of the population. Twenty-five states allow medical marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to national polls, a solid majority of Americans support legalization. Gallup's latest survey gauged support at 58 percent, up from 12 percent from when the question was first posed in 1969. Gallup says 13 percent of U.S. adults report using marijuana at present, nearly double the percentage who reported using pot in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California voters rejected an attempt to legalize recreational marijuana in 2010 after campaign leaders struggled to raise money and support for a four-page ballot measure hastily written by the owner of a small medicinal marijuana store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time, the 62-page ballot measure was crafted by political professionals and has the backing of many elected officials, including Lt. Gov. Gavin Newsom, who is running for governor in 2018. Current Gov. Jerry Brown says he's close to announcing his position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure would allow people 21 and older to legally possess up to an ounce of weed and grow six marijuana plants at home. Pot sales would be subject to various tax rates that would be deposited into the state's Marijuana Tax Fund. Most of that money would be spent on substance-abuse education and treatment. Some would be used to repair environmental damage caused by illegal growers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents argue that the measure will do more harm than good by opening a marijuana market dominated by small farmers to corporate interests and encouraging children to use the drug through pot-laced sweets like gummy bears, cookies and brownies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal \"favors the interests of wealthy corporations over the good of the everyday consumer, adopting policies that work against public health,\" said Kevin Sabet, co-founder of the California-based advocacy group Smart Approaches to Marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napster founder and early Facebook investor Sean Parker has contributed more than $3 million to the legalization effort, which has also attracted sizable contributions from an organization backed by billionaire George Soros and another backed by Weedmaps, which rates pot stores throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a huge deal and it's long overdue,\" said Steven DeAngelo, owner of one of the nation's largest medicinal marijuana dispensaries and a Proposition 64 supporter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In most of the states with marijuana ballot measures, polls have shown the \"yes\" side leading. Sabet believes opponents of legalization would attract more support if they could narrow a large fundraising gap and spread their cautionary messages. He does not buy the other side's argument that nationwide legalization will come sooner or later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Repeating that this is inevitable, and repeating they are so excited, is part of their narrative to makes folks like us feel helpless,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mason Tvert of the Marijuana Policy Project, a leading pro-legalization group, said his side has a chance to win in most of the nine states, but some losses will not derail the movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even if a measure doesn't pass, support will grow,\" he said, citing failed ballot measures in Oregon and Colorado that preceded the victories for legalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most people believe marijuana should be legal. It's a question of whether opponents do a good job of scaring them out of doing it now,\" Tvert added. \"We might see people opt to wait a couple more years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All five states voting on recreational marijuana have seen intense debate over the effect of legalization in the states that have already taken that step.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents of the ballot measures make an array of claims, contending, for example, that Colorado's legalization of pot has coincided with an increase in crime in Denver and fueled a jump in the number of traffic fatalities linked to marijuana use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, an analysis by three academic experts, published this month by the libertarian-leaning Cato Institute, asserted that the impact of legalization has been minimal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The data so far provide little support for the strong claims about legalization made by either opponents or supporters,\" the analysis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvard University economist Jeffrey Miron, one of the co-authors of the study, predicted Californians would approve Proposition 64, but he was less certain of the outcome in his home state of Massachusetts, where the Republican governor, Charlie Baker, and the Democratic mayor of Boston, Marty Walsh, have teamed up to oppose legalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miron said it's difficult to predict when legalization might get support in Congress or surge to approval in a majority of states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm not sure if this November will get us to the tipping point. It may be two or four more years,\" he said. \"Certain things seem impossible, until all of a sudden they are possible, and they happen fast.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"If \"yes\" votes prevail across the country, about 75 million people would live in states where recreational pot is legal. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1475091570,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1084},"headData":{"title":"Voters May Expand Legal Access to Marijuana in California, 8 Other States | KQED","description":"If "yes" votes prevail across the country, about 75 million people would live in states where recreational pot is legal. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Voters May Expand Legal Access to Marijuana in California, 8 Other States","datePublished":"2016-09-28T19:39:30.000Z","dateModified":"2016-09-28T19:39:30.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"242587 http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=242587","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/09/28/voters-may-expand-legal-access-to-marijuana-in-california-8-other-states/","disqusTitle":"Voters May Expand Legal Access to Marijuana in California, 8 Other States","nprByline":"Associated Press","path":"/stateofhealth/242587/voters-may-expand-legal-access-to-marijuana-in-california-8-other-states","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>From California, with its counterculture heritage, to the fishing ports and mill towns of Maine, millions of Americans in nine states have a chance to vote Nov. 8 on expanding legal access to marijuana. Collectively, the ballot measures amount to the closest the U.S. has come to a national referendum on the drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five states — Arizona, California, Maine, Massachusetts and Nevada — will consider legalizing the recreational use of pot. Three others — Florida, Arkansas and North Dakota — will decide whether to permit marijuana for medical purposes. Montana will weigh whether to ease restrictions on an existing medical marijuana law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the most populous state, with a reputation for trend-setting, California is attracting the most attention — and money — in an intensifying debate over Proposition 64.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silicon Valley tycoons and deep-pocketed donors with connections to the legal medical marijuana industry are among the top financial backers of a pro-pot campaign that has raised almost $17 million. Opponents have raised slightly more than $2 million, including a $1.4 million contribution from retired Pennsylvania art professor Julie Schauer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates on both sides say passage in California would likely ignite legalization movements in other states, especially when the tax dollars start adding up. California's nonpartisan Legislative Analyst's Office estimated the state could collect up to $1 billion a year in marijuana taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As California goes, so goes the nation,\" said University of California, Berkeley political science professor Alan Ross.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If \"yes\" votes prevail across the country, about 75 million people accounting for more than 23 percent of the U.S. population would live in states where recreational pot is legal. The jurisdictions where that's already the case — Alaska, Colorado, Oregon, Washington state and the District of Columbia — have about 18 million residents, or 5.6 percent of the population. Twenty-five states allow medical marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to national polls, a solid majority of Americans support legalization. Gallup's latest survey gauged support at 58 percent, up from 12 percent from when the question was first posed in 1969. Gallup says 13 percent of U.S. adults report using marijuana at present, nearly double the percentage who reported using pot in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California voters rejected an attempt to legalize recreational marijuana in 2010 after campaign leaders struggled to raise money and support for a four-page ballot measure hastily written by the owner of a small medicinal marijuana store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time, the 62-page ballot measure was crafted by political professionals and has the backing of many elected officials, including Lt. Gov. Gavin Newsom, who is running for governor in 2018. Current Gov. Jerry Brown says he's close to announcing his position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure would allow people 21 and older to legally possess up to an ounce of weed and grow six marijuana plants at home. Pot sales would be subject to various tax rates that would be deposited into the state's Marijuana Tax Fund. Most of that money would be spent on substance-abuse education and treatment. Some would be used to repair environmental damage caused by illegal growers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents argue that the measure will do more harm than good by opening a marijuana market dominated by small farmers to corporate interests and encouraging children to use the drug through pot-laced sweets like gummy bears, cookies and brownies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal \"favors the interests of wealthy corporations over the good of the everyday consumer, adopting policies that work against public health,\" said Kevin Sabet, co-founder of the California-based advocacy group Smart Approaches to Marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napster founder and early Facebook investor Sean Parker has contributed more than $3 million to the legalization effort, which has also attracted sizable contributions from an organization backed by billionaire George Soros and another backed by Weedmaps, which rates pot stores throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a huge deal and it's long overdue,\" said Steven DeAngelo, owner of one of the nation's largest medicinal marijuana dispensaries and a Proposition 64 supporter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In most of the states with marijuana ballot measures, polls have shown the \"yes\" side leading. Sabet believes opponents of legalization would attract more support if they could narrow a large fundraising gap and spread their cautionary messages. He does not buy the other side's argument that nationwide legalization will come sooner or later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Repeating that this is inevitable, and repeating they are so excited, is part of their narrative to makes folks like us feel helpless,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mason Tvert of the Marijuana Policy Project, a leading pro-legalization group, said his side has a chance to win in most of the nine states, but some losses will not derail the movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even if a measure doesn't pass, support will grow,\" he said, citing failed ballot measures in Oregon and Colorado that preceded the victories for legalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most people believe marijuana should be legal. It's a question of whether opponents do a good job of scaring them out of doing it now,\" Tvert added. \"We might see people opt to wait a couple more years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All five states voting on recreational marijuana have seen intense debate over the effect of legalization in the states that have already taken that step.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents of the ballot measures make an array of claims, contending, for example, that Colorado's legalization of pot has coincided with an increase in crime in Denver and fueled a jump in the number of traffic fatalities linked to marijuana use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, an analysis by three academic experts, published this month by the libertarian-leaning Cato Institute, asserted that the impact of legalization has been minimal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The data so far provide little support for the strong claims about legalization made by either opponents or supporters,\" the analysis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvard University economist Jeffrey Miron, one of the co-authors of the study, predicted Californians would approve Proposition 64, but he was less certain of the outcome in his home state of Massachusetts, where the Republican governor, Charlie Baker, and the Democratic mayor of Boston, Marty Walsh, have teamed up to oppose legalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miron said it's difficult to predict when legalization might get support in Congress or surge to approval in a majority of states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm not sure if this November will get us to the tipping point. It may be two or four more years,\" he said. \"Certain things seem impossible, until all of a sudden they are possible, and they happen fast.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/242587/voters-may-expand-legal-access-to-marijuana-in-california-8-other-states","authors":["byline_stateofhealth_242587"],"categories":["stateofhealth_14"],"tags":["stateofhealth_2925","stateofhealth_2808","stateofhealth_2622","stateofhealth_2519","stateofhealth_2960"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_242590","label":"stateofhealth"},"stateofhealth_241715":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_241715","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"241715","score":null,"sort":[1474905268000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"voters-revisit-1950s-debate-over-whether-fluoride-should-be-added-to-drinking-water","title":"Voters Revisit 1950s Debate Over Whether Fluoride Should be Added to Drinking Water","publishDate":1474905268,"format":"standard","headTitle":"State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cp>Many people take for granted the addition of fluoride into public drinking water systems that aims to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/factsheets/70-years.htm\" target=\"_blank\">prevent tooth decay\u003c/a>. It’s a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/factsheets/70-years.htm\" target=\"_blank\">seven-decade-old public health effort\u003c/a>. But it’s not nearly as universally accepted as one might think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least seven cities or towns across the country debated it just this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">For example, \u003c/span>\u003ca style=\"line-height: 1.5\" href=\"http://www.mypalmbeachpost.com/news/news/opinion/editorial-fluoride-vote-acknowledges-passion-yield/nrsfP/\" target=\"_blank\">Wellington, Fla.\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">, decided to add fluoride back into the water in July after the city council voted two years ago to remove it. Across the country in \u003c/span>\u003ca style=\"line-height: 1.5\" href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/5767942-181/healdsburg-voters-will-again-decide\" target=\"_blank\">Healdsburg, Calif.\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">, voters will revisit a ballot question in November regarding whether to stop adding the mineral to the water supply.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There has always been periodic discussion,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.dentistry.uiowa.edu/steven-m-levy\" target=\"_blank\">Steven Levy\u003c/a>, a dentistry professor at the University of Iowa. Levy is involved in an Iowa-based longitudinal study that tracks fluoride intake and its effects on children’s bones. “We are seeing more challenges now because of the communication explosion with the internet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate started well before 1945 when Grand Rapids, Mich., became the first U.S. city to add fluoride to its water supply. In the decades since, opposition usually stems from studies linking fluoride intake by children with lower IQs, higher rates of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and potential toxicity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, fluoridation has become a fairly common practice, with about 74 percent of the population receiving fluoridated water from community water systems, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/statistics/fsgrowth.htm.http:/www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/statistics/fsgrowth.htm.\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>. But the intervention, which is considered by the CDC to be one of the 10 top public health achievements of the 20th century and backed by the American Dental Association and the World Health Organization, also continues to raise grass roots concerns. These \u003ca href=\"http://fluoridealert.org/\" target=\"_blank\">arguments\u003c/a> range from casting fluoride as unnecessary and ineffective to efforts to paint the mineral as “mass medication” and a “damaging environmental pollutant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fluoridation is not safe or cost-effective,” said Bill Osmunson, director of the Fluoride Action Network, a national organization against fluoridation of water supplies, adding that people should be given the freedom of choice so they can avoid ingesting excess fluoride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Wellington, Mayor \u003ca href=\"http://www.wellingtonfl.gov/government/village-council/councilwoman-anne-gerwig#ad-image-1\" target=\"_blank\">Anne Gerwig\u003c/a> often fields angry emails on this issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I watch the videos that they email me, I read the information they send me,” Gerwig said. Gerwig has no background in science, but she read studies and fact-checked the claims being made by the town’s residents. Gerwig said she decided to support fluoridation after she found scientific consensus about the benefits of fluoridation in preventing tooth decay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC, for instance, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/basics/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\">considers\u003c/a> water fluoridation to be the most cost-effective method of delivering fluoride to all, reducing tooth decay by 25 percent in children and adults.\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/factsheets/70-years.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Tooth decay\u003c/a> is still one of the most common chronic conditions among children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A big thing about community water fluoridation is that it’s a passive intervention, you don’t really have to do anything other than drink tap water,” said Katherine Weno, oral health director at the CDC. “You don’t have to buy a product or access to a dental professional. It \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/oral_health_disparities/\">benefits\u003c/a> people who don’t have money to go to a dentist or don’t have any insurance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some question the need for continued fluoridation, especially as products such as toothpaste and rinses containing fluoride are available, and because the chemical’s levels vary and indications of harm are not always clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/philippe-grandjean/\" target=\"_blank\">Philippe Grandjean\u003c/a>, an adjunct professor at Harvard University School of Public Health, has authored a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Grandjean%20P%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22820538\" target=\"_blank\">couple of studies\u003c/a> questioning the need for the added fluoride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our dental health is clearly much less dependent on fluoride in drinking water than way back when this important public health intervention was initiated,” Grandjean said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/magazine/magazine_article/fluoridated-drinking-water/\" target=\"_blank\">Harvard Public Health article\u003c/a>, Grandjean commented about the need for more research about populations that may be vulnerable to the mineral and the proper dose of it in drinking water. In response, the article drew multiple critical \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/letters-in-response-to-is-fluoridated-drinking-water-safe/\" target=\"_blank\">letters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The article misrepresents the current state of the science of community water fluoridation, and does not provide a fair and balanced perspective,” wrote Francis Kim and Scott L. Tomar from the American Association of Public Health Dentistry and Bruce Donoff, dean of the Harvard School of Dental Medicine in \u003ca href=\"https://cdn1.sph.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/21/2016/04/Fluoride-letter-Frantsve-Hawley.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">one of the letters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New studies are published almost every year that bring up concerns about fluoridation in drinking water, linking the intake with various \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3491930/\" target=\"_blank\">developmental\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-015-0003-1\" target=\"_blank\">issues\u003c/a> and even \u003ca href=\"http://www.webmd.com/women/news/20150225/fluoride-in-drinking-water-tied-to-higher-rates-of-underactive-thyroid\" target=\"_blank\">thyroid problems\u003c/a>, issues that Osmunson also brought up. Weno and Levy said those studies were performed in places where natural fluoride levels are higher and where residents may get fluoride through milk or salt rather than water. Excessive fluoride intake does have health implications — \u003ca href=\"http://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/opinions_layman/fluoridation/en/\" target=\"_blank\">a problem\u003c/a> commonly found in places with high concentrations of natural fluoride such as China, India and Africa. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nap.edu/read/11571/chapter/2#3\" target=\"_blank\">Most Americans\u003c/a> receive water with low natural levels of fluoride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials also monitor and review what is appropriate. The Department of Health and Human Services in April 2015 released new recommendations for fluoride levels in drinking water, updating and replacing the level in place since 1962 in order to reflect the fact that Americans now have more sources of fluoride in toothpaste, mouthwashes and other products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other towns continue to wrestle with the issue. In July, the commissioners of \u003ca href=\"http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/local/story/2016/jul/20/soddy-daisy-nixes-water-fluoridation/376861/\" target=\"_blank\">Soddy-Daisy, Tenn.\u003c/a>, voted to stop adding fluoride and \u003ca href=\"http://www.houstonherald.com/news/council-to-leave-fluoride-in-water-supply-discusses-ordinances/article_aa9d7178-4dbb-11e6-b57c-8bbf000939c4.html\" target=\"_blank\">Houston’s\u003c/a> city council chose to leave it in. In August, \u003ca href=\"http://www.peninsuladailynews.com/news/port-angeles-stops-fluoridation/\" target=\"_blank\">Port Angeles, Wash.\u003c/a>, stopped fluoridation until voters decide in November 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for some of the local officials involved in these debates, their take on the issue is part of even greater political questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The individuals who benefit the most are poor children,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.durangogov.org/index.aspx?NID=828\" target=\"_blank\">Dick White\u003c/a>, mayor pro tem of Durango, Colo. The town \u003ca href=\"http://www.durangoherald.com/article/20160628/NEWS01/160629568/City-Councilors-opt-for-fluoridation-of-drinking-water\" target=\"_blank\">decided in June\u003c/a> to continue adding fluoride to its water. “If we get national health care for every single person, we could probably eliminate fluoridation in the water because we can ensure that every child is getting dental care.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"People in towns across the country, including Healdsburg, Calif., are reconsidering the issue.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1474941116,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":1030},"headData":{"title":"Voters Revisit 1950s Debate Over Whether Fluoride Should be Added to Drinking Water | KQED","description":"People in towns across the country, including Healdsburg, Calif., are reconsidering the issue.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Voters Revisit 1950s Debate Over Whether Fluoride Should be Added to Drinking Water","datePublished":"2016-09-26T15:54:28.000Z","dateModified":"2016-09-27T01:51:56.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"241715 http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=241715","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/09/26/voters-revisit-1950s-debate-over-whether-fluoride-should-be-added-to-drinking-water/","disqusTitle":"Voters Revisit 1950s Debate Over Whether Fluoride Should be Added to Drinking Water","nprByline":"Zhai Yun Tan\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>","path":"/stateofhealth/241715/voters-revisit-1950s-debate-over-whether-fluoride-should-be-added-to-drinking-water","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Many people take for granted the addition of fluoride into public drinking water systems that aims to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/factsheets/70-years.htm\" target=\"_blank\">prevent tooth decay\u003c/a>. It’s a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/factsheets/70-years.htm\" target=\"_blank\">seven-decade-old public health effort\u003c/a>. But it’s not nearly as universally accepted as one might think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least seven cities or towns across the country debated it just this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">For example, \u003c/span>\u003ca style=\"line-height: 1.5\" href=\"http://www.mypalmbeachpost.com/news/news/opinion/editorial-fluoride-vote-acknowledges-passion-yield/nrsfP/\" target=\"_blank\">Wellington, Fla.\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">, decided to add fluoride back into the water in July after the city council voted two years ago to remove it. Across the country in \u003c/span>\u003ca style=\"line-height: 1.5\" href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/5767942-181/healdsburg-voters-will-again-decide\" target=\"_blank\">Healdsburg, Calif.\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">, voters will revisit a ballot question in November regarding whether to stop adding the mineral to the water supply.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There has always been periodic discussion,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.dentistry.uiowa.edu/steven-m-levy\" target=\"_blank\">Steven Levy\u003c/a>, a dentistry professor at the University of Iowa. Levy is involved in an Iowa-based longitudinal study that tracks fluoride intake and its effects on children’s bones. “We are seeing more challenges now because of the communication explosion with the internet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate started well before 1945 when Grand Rapids, Mich., became the first U.S. city to add fluoride to its water supply. In the decades since, opposition usually stems from studies linking fluoride intake by children with lower IQs, higher rates of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and potential toxicity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, fluoridation has become a fairly common practice, with about 74 percent of the population receiving fluoridated water from community water systems, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/statistics/fsgrowth.htm.http:/www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/statistics/fsgrowth.htm.\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>. But the intervention, which is considered by the CDC to be one of the 10 top public health achievements of the 20th century and backed by the American Dental Association and the World Health Organization, also continues to raise grass roots concerns. These \u003ca href=\"http://fluoridealert.org/\" target=\"_blank\">arguments\u003c/a> range from casting fluoride as unnecessary and ineffective to efforts to paint the mineral as “mass medication” and a “damaging environmental pollutant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fluoridation is not safe or cost-effective,” said Bill Osmunson, director of the Fluoride Action Network, a national organization against fluoridation of water supplies, adding that people should be given the freedom of choice so they can avoid ingesting excess fluoride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Wellington, Mayor \u003ca href=\"http://www.wellingtonfl.gov/government/village-council/councilwoman-anne-gerwig#ad-image-1\" target=\"_blank\">Anne Gerwig\u003c/a> often fields angry emails on this issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I watch the videos that they email me, I read the information they send me,” Gerwig said. Gerwig has no background in science, but she read studies and fact-checked the claims being made by the town’s residents. Gerwig said she decided to support fluoridation after she found scientific consensus about the benefits of fluoridation in preventing tooth decay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC, for instance, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/basics/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\">considers\u003c/a> water fluoridation to be the most cost-effective method of delivering fluoride to all, reducing tooth decay by 25 percent in children and adults.\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/factsheets/70-years.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Tooth decay\u003c/a> is still one of the most common chronic conditions among children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A big thing about community water fluoridation is that it’s a passive intervention, you don’t really have to do anything other than drink tap water,” said Katherine Weno, oral health director at the CDC. “You don’t have to buy a product or access to a dental professional. It \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/oral_health_disparities/\">benefits\u003c/a> people who don’t have money to go to a dentist or don’t have any insurance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some question the need for continued fluoridation, especially as products such as toothpaste and rinses containing fluoride are available, and because the chemical’s levels vary and indications of harm are not always clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/philippe-grandjean/\" target=\"_blank\">Philippe Grandjean\u003c/a>, an adjunct professor at Harvard University School of Public Health, has authored a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Grandjean%20P%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22820538\" target=\"_blank\">couple of studies\u003c/a> questioning the need for the added fluoride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our dental health is clearly much less dependent on fluoride in drinking water than way back when this important public health intervention was initiated,” Grandjean said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/magazine/magazine_article/fluoridated-drinking-water/\" target=\"_blank\">Harvard Public Health article\u003c/a>, Grandjean commented about the need for more research about populations that may be vulnerable to the mineral and the proper dose of it in drinking water. In response, the article drew multiple critical \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/letters-in-response-to-is-fluoridated-drinking-water-safe/\" target=\"_blank\">letters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The article misrepresents the current state of the science of community water fluoridation, and does not provide a fair and balanced perspective,” wrote Francis Kim and Scott L. Tomar from the American Association of Public Health Dentistry and Bruce Donoff, dean of the Harvard School of Dental Medicine in \u003ca href=\"https://cdn1.sph.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/21/2016/04/Fluoride-letter-Frantsve-Hawley.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">one of the letters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New studies are published almost every year that bring up concerns about fluoridation in drinking water, linking the intake with various \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3491930/\" target=\"_blank\">developmental\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-015-0003-1\" target=\"_blank\">issues\u003c/a> and even \u003ca href=\"http://www.webmd.com/women/news/20150225/fluoride-in-drinking-water-tied-to-higher-rates-of-underactive-thyroid\" target=\"_blank\">thyroid problems\u003c/a>, issues that Osmunson also brought up. Weno and Levy said those studies were performed in places where natural fluoride levels are higher and where residents may get fluoride through milk or salt rather than water. Excessive fluoride intake does have health implications — \u003ca href=\"http://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/opinions_layman/fluoridation/en/\" target=\"_blank\">a problem\u003c/a> commonly found in places with high concentrations of natural fluoride such as China, India and Africa. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nap.edu/read/11571/chapter/2#3\" target=\"_blank\">Most Americans\u003c/a> receive water with low natural levels of fluoride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials also monitor and review what is appropriate. The Department of Health and Human Services in April 2015 released new recommendations for fluoride levels in drinking water, updating and replacing the level in place since 1962 in order to reflect the fact that Americans now have more sources of fluoride in toothpaste, mouthwashes and other products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other towns continue to wrestle with the issue. In July, the commissioners of \u003ca href=\"http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/local/story/2016/jul/20/soddy-daisy-nixes-water-fluoridation/376861/\" target=\"_blank\">Soddy-Daisy, Tenn.\u003c/a>, voted to stop adding fluoride and \u003ca href=\"http://www.houstonherald.com/news/council-to-leave-fluoride-in-water-supply-discusses-ordinances/article_aa9d7178-4dbb-11e6-b57c-8bbf000939c4.html\" target=\"_blank\">Houston’s\u003c/a> city council chose to leave it in. In August, \u003ca href=\"http://www.peninsuladailynews.com/news/port-angeles-stops-fluoridation/\" target=\"_blank\">Port Angeles, Wash.\u003c/a>, stopped fluoridation until voters decide in November 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for some of the local officials involved in these debates, their take on the issue is part of even greater political questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The individuals who benefit the most are poor children,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.durangogov.org/index.aspx?NID=828\" target=\"_blank\">Dick White\u003c/a>, mayor pro tem of Durango, Colo. The town \u003ca href=\"http://www.durangoherald.com/article/20160628/NEWS01/160629568/City-Councilors-opt-for-fluoridation-of-drinking-water\" target=\"_blank\">decided in June\u003c/a> to continue adding fluoride to its water. “If we get national health care for every single person, we could probably eliminate fluoridation in the water because we can ensure that every child is getting dental care.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/241715/voters-revisit-1950s-debate-over-whether-fluoride-should-be-added-to-drinking-water","authors":["byline_stateofhealth_241715"],"categories":["stateofhealth_14"],"tags":["stateofhealth_2925","stateofhealth_2808","stateofhealth_2943","stateofhealth_2519","stateofhealth_2945","stateofhealth_2610"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_241719","label":"stateofhealth"},"stateofhealth_240723":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_240723","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"240723","score":null,"sort":[1474653371000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"mystery-over-how-proposed-tobacco-tax-hike-would-fund-health-programs-could-help-it-succeed","title":"Mystery Over How Proposed Tobacco Tax Hike Would Fund Health Programs Could Help it Succeed","publishDate":1474653371,"format":"standard","headTitle":"State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cp>At first blush, the tobacco tax measure on California’s November ballot looks pretty straightforward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition 56 would raise the price of a pack of cigarettes by $2 and tax e-cigarettes for the first time. Proponents say the higher price would prevent kids from smoking and lower health care spending because people won’t suffer as much from tobacco-related illness\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s not spelled out is how exactly money raised through the measure would be spent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is estimated that up to $1 billion each year would go to “improved payments” for Medi-Cal health care services — which proponents say will be parsed out democratically. But opponents say the health care funding is part of a “special interest tax grab.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ballot measure doesn’t earmark exactly how much of that money should go to doctors or other health providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, the new Medi-Cal funding would be doled out through negotiations during California’s yearly budget process. Presumably, the bulk of it would go to groups that provide and administrate care in Medi-Cal; doctors, health plans, clinics and hospitals, many of them powerful groups who could influence Capitol discussions about how to use the money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s payments to doctors treating Medi-Cal patients are among the lowest in the nation. After Rhode Island and New Jersey, California’s average payments in Medi-Cal, its version of Medicaid, are the lowest, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/medicaid/state-indicator/medicaid-to-medicare-fee-index/?currentTimeframe=0&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22All%20Services%22,%22sort%22:%22asc%22%7D\" target=\"_blank\">Kaiser Family Foundation analysis\u003c/a>. The analysis looked at the portion of Medi-Cal where the state reimburses providers directly for care, not the majority of the program involving insurance companies. (Kaiser Health News is an editorially independent program of the Kaiser Family Foundation.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One consumer advocate says uncertainty about how the Medi-Cal money would be used actually is one of the strengths of Proposition 56.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It allows us to have the public process and have it be policy-driven rather than by some formula that’s locked in the constitution,” said Anthony Wright of the consumer advocacy coalition Health Access California. He added that he was “at the table” when the initiative was crafted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wright said the lack of a funding formula makes it more likely that voters will approve this year’s tobacco tax proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last tobacco tax proposition, defeated by voters in 2012, would have funded cancer research with the revenue from the dollar-per-pack tax. In 2006, Californians voted down another tax that would have added $2.60 to the then-$4 pack of cigarettes. That initiative \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/ballot/2006/86_11_2006.htm\" target=\"_blank\">specified\u003c/a> how tax revenues would fund health programs down to the fraction of a percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, public opinion of Prop 56 measure was favorable in a recent survey from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/survey/S_916MBS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a>, which suggests 59 percent of likely voters support the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tobacco industry-funded opposition, a coalition of taxpayer groups, retailers, law enforcement and manufacturer associations, is using video commercials to attack how the new money would, in their view, be spent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the [tax revenue] goes directly to health insurance companies, or other wealthy special interests, to enrich themselves,” says a woman potting plants in a recently launched ad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other advocates for the poor say because the tobacco tax would be a fixed amount, it is regressive. Low-income people buying tobacco would pay a higher share of their earnings, and they would also be disproportionately impacted because they smoke at higher rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathy Kneer, CEO of Planned Parenthood Affiliates of California, acknowledges that the measure is an attempt to raise the reimbursement rates in Medi-Cal, which health providers for years have asked state lawmakers for, with no success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been on a starvation diet with these rates, they haven’t basically changed, and our costs go up every year,” said Kneer, adding that 90 percent of Planned Parenthood’s California patients receive Medi-Cal. “We need to have adequate reimbursement rates so we can continue to provide access to care for patients in the Medi-Cal program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kneer says health insurance companies would likely receive tobacco tax money because they pay the doctors for about 80 percent of Medi-Cal patients. But the health plans must follow federal rules requiring them to spend most of that money on patient care, not profits, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition language suggests that payment increases in Medi-Cal likely would be targeted to specific areas of the program where patients have problems seeing doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To the extent possible,” the proposition reads, policymakers should increase payments that go towards “ensuring timely access, limiting specific geographic shortages of services, or ensuring quality care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Health Care Services, which manages Medi-Cal, told California Healthline that it “it will consider how to best use the new funding in a targeted manner” but wouldn’t comment further on the initiative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other policy advocates for the poor agree that the tobacco tax funds should be used strategically to help patients who are having problems seeing a primary care doctor or specialist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To increase access in Medi-Cal, funds should be focused where access concerns are measured to be greatest,” said Linda Nguy, policy advocate with the Western Center on Law and Poverty. She adds that dental and mental health care are two areas where Medi-Cal access could be improved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health Access California’s Wright says the new Medi-Cal money would most likely be used for two things: restoring services slashed during the 2008 recession and increasing payments to doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Podiatry, vision care and chiropractic services are just a few examples of benefits that were cut from Medi-Cal during the recession and are on Health Access California’s wish list of services to restore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t make those investments unless there’s some money there to make it,” Wright said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Proposition 56 passes, a portion of the total new tobacco tax revenues\u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/BallotAnalysis/Proposition?number=56&year=2016\" target=\"_blank\">, estimated at $1.3 to $1.6 billion in 2017-2018\u003c/a>, the first year of implementation, would be locked in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before money can be spent on Medi-Cal, the University of California would receive $40 million to train physicians. Dental disease prevention efforts would be guaranteed ongoing funding, too. Medi-Cal would be funded with the remaining 82 percent of the revenues.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The lack of a funding formula may make it more likely that voters will approve this year’s tobacco tax proposal.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1475013263,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1089},"headData":{"title":"Mystery Over How Proposed Tobacco Tax Hike Would Fund Health Programs Could Help it Succeed | KQED","description":"The lack of a funding formula may make it more likely that voters will approve this year’s tobacco tax proposal.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Mystery Over How Proposed Tobacco Tax Hike Would Fund Health Programs Could Help it Succeed","datePublished":"2016-09-23T17:56:11.000Z","dateModified":"2016-09-27T21:54:23.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"240723 http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=240723","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/09/23/mystery-over-how-proposed-tobacco-tax-hike-would-fund-health-programs-could-help-it-succeed/","disqusTitle":"Mystery Over How Proposed Tobacco Tax Hike Would Fund Health Programs Could Help it Succeed","nprByline":"Pauline Bartolone\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"http://californiahealthline.org\"/> California Healthline\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>","path":"/stateofhealth/240723/mystery-over-how-proposed-tobacco-tax-hike-would-fund-health-programs-could-help-it-succeed","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At first blush, the tobacco tax measure on California’s November ballot looks pretty straightforward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition 56 would raise the price of a pack of cigarettes by $2 and tax e-cigarettes for the first time. Proponents say the higher price would prevent kids from smoking and lower health care spending because people won’t suffer as much from tobacco-related illness\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s not spelled out is how exactly money raised through the measure would be spent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is estimated that up to $1 billion each year would go to “improved payments” for Medi-Cal health care services — which proponents say will be parsed out democratically. But opponents say the health care funding is part of a “special interest tax grab.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ballot measure doesn’t earmark exactly how much of that money should go to doctors or other health providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, the new Medi-Cal funding would be doled out through negotiations during California’s yearly budget process. Presumably, the bulk of it would go to groups that provide and administrate care in Medi-Cal; doctors, health plans, clinics and hospitals, many of them powerful groups who could influence Capitol discussions about how to use the money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s payments to doctors treating Medi-Cal patients are among the lowest in the nation. After Rhode Island and New Jersey, California’s average payments in Medi-Cal, its version of Medicaid, are the lowest, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/medicaid/state-indicator/medicaid-to-medicare-fee-index/?currentTimeframe=0&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22All%20Services%22,%22sort%22:%22asc%22%7D\" target=\"_blank\">Kaiser Family Foundation analysis\u003c/a>. The analysis looked at the portion of Medi-Cal where the state reimburses providers directly for care, not the majority of the program involving insurance companies. (Kaiser Health News is an editorially independent program of the Kaiser Family Foundation.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One consumer advocate says uncertainty about how the Medi-Cal money would be used actually is one of the strengths of Proposition 56.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It allows us to have the public process and have it be policy-driven rather than by some formula that’s locked in the constitution,” said Anthony Wright of the consumer advocacy coalition Health Access California. He added that he was “at the table” when the initiative was crafted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wright said the lack of a funding formula makes it more likely that voters will approve this year’s tobacco tax proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last tobacco tax proposition, defeated by voters in 2012, would have funded cancer research with the revenue from the dollar-per-pack tax. In 2006, Californians voted down another tax that would have added $2.60 to the then-$4 pack of cigarettes. That initiative \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/ballot/2006/86_11_2006.htm\" target=\"_blank\">specified\u003c/a> how tax revenues would fund health programs down to the fraction of a percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, public opinion of Prop 56 measure was favorable in a recent survey from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/survey/S_916MBS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a>, which suggests 59 percent of likely voters support the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tobacco industry-funded opposition, a coalition of taxpayer groups, retailers, law enforcement and manufacturer associations, is using video commercials to attack how the new money would, in their view, be spent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the [tax revenue] goes directly to health insurance companies, or other wealthy special interests, to enrich themselves,” says a woman potting plants in a recently launched ad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other advocates for the poor say because the tobacco tax would be a fixed amount, it is regressive. Low-income people buying tobacco would pay a higher share of their earnings, and they would also be disproportionately impacted because they smoke at higher rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathy Kneer, CEO of Planned Parenthood Affiliates of California, acknowledges that the measure is an attempt to raise the reimbursement rates in Medi-Cal, which health providers for years have asked state lawmakers for, with no success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been on a starvation diet with these rates, they haven’t basically changed, and our costs go up every year,” said Kneer, adding that 90 percent of Planned Parenthood’s California patients receive Medi-Cal. “We need to have adequate reimbursement rates so we can continue to provide access to care for patients in the Medi-Cal program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kneer says health insurance companies would likely receive tobacco tax money because they pay the doctors for about 80 percent of Medi-Cal patients. But the health plans must follow federal rules requiring them to spend most of that money on patient care, not profits, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition language suggests that payment increases in Medi-Cal likely would be targeted to specific areas of the program where patients have problems seeing doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To the extent possible,” the proposition reads, policymakers should increase payments that go towards “ensuring timely access, limiting specific geographic shortages of services, or ensuring quality care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Health Care Services, which manages Medi-Cal, told California Healthline that it “it will consider how to best use the new funding in a targeted manner” but wouldn’t comment further on the initiative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other policy advocates for the poor agree that the tobacco tax funds should be used strategically to help patients who are having problems seeing a primary care doctor or specialist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To increase access in Medi-Cal, funds should be focused where access concerns are measured to be greatest,” said Linda Nguy, policy advocate with the Western Center on Law and Poverty. She adds that dental and mental health care are two areas where Medi-Cal access could be improved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health Access California’s Wright says the new Medi-Cal money would most likely be used for two things: restoring services slashed during the 2008 recession and increasing payments to doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Podiatry, vision care and chiropractic services are just a few examples of benefits that were cut from Medi-Cal during the recession and are on Health Access California’s wish list of services to restore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t make those investments unless there’s some money there to make it,” Wright said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Proposition 56 passes, a portion of the total new tobacco tax revenues\u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/BallotAnalysis/Proposition?number=56&year=2016\" target=\"_blank\">, estimated at $1.3 to $1.6 billion in 2017-2018\u003c/a>, the first year of implementation, would be locked in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before money can be spent on Medi-Cal, the University of California would receive $40 million to train physicians. Dental disease prevention efforts would be guaranteed ongoing funding, too. Medi-Cal would be funded with the remaining 82 percent of the revenues.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/240723/mystery-over-how-proposed-tobacco-tax-hike-would-fund-health-programs-could-help-it-succeed","authors":["byline_stateofhealth_240723"],"categories":["stateofhealth_2746","stateofhealth_1"],"tags":["stateofhealth_2925","stateofhealth_2808","stateofhealth_2519","stateofhealth_2924"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_240743","label":"stateofhealth"},"stateofhealth_239326":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_239326","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"239326","score":null,"sort":[1474389337000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"americans-are-consuming-less-sugar-with-decline-in-soda-intake","title":"Americans Are Consuming Less Sugar With Decline in Soda Intake","publishDate":1474389337,"format":"standard","headTitle":"State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cp>Sugar has become the nutritional villain du jour, but just how bad is our addiction? The answer is tricky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philadelphia recently passed a tax on sugary drinks, several other places have proposed them, and the government this year recommended we limit our intake of added sugars to 10 percent of daily calories, underscoring how significant elected officials believe the problem is. But while determining exactly how much sugar we're consuming is a complicated business — government figures are estimates— the data and industry trends indicate we've actually made progress in cutting back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On average, Americans' total consumption of caloric sweeteners like refined cane sugar and high-fructose corn syrup is down 15 percent from its peak in 1999, according to government data. That's when we consumed an average of 111 grams of sugar a day (423 calories).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After plateauing in recent years, consumption was down to 94 grams a day (358 calories) last year, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, which calculates the figures by estimating how much of the caloric sweeteners produced are never eaten. But that level is still higher than the 87 grams Americans consumed on average in 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A major factor for the drop appears to be the decline in soda consumption, as the high-fructose corn syrup used to sweeten drinks like Sprite and Mountain Dew has been on the decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas Farley, the health commissioner in Philadelphia, said it could take many years before the positive effects from the reductions in soda consumption to turn up in health data. But he also noted that factors like the growth in snacking, the availability of food in more places, and oversized restaurant dishes can fuel obesity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sugar is a problem, but sugar is not the only problem,\" Farley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And though it's lower, sweetener consumption of 94 grams a day is still the equivalent of roughly two and half cans of Coke. That far exceeds the government's recommendation to limit added sugar to around 50 grams a day (200 calories) for someone on a 2,000-calorie diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Notably, a per capita consumption figure doesn't account for the wide disparities in intake among individuals. The way the USDA estimates sweetener consumption also means the specific figure could be higher or lower. The agency changed its methodology in 2012, which meant a sharp reduction in how much sugar it said we consume. Emails obtained by the Center for Science in the Public Interest, which supports soda taxes, show that a sugar industry group wanted the change and hoped for \"as low a per capita sweetener consumption estimate as possible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's always room for \"improvement and refinement\" in making food consumption estimates, said Michael McConnell, an agriculture economist who specializes in sweeteners at the USDA. But he said the change in methodology was applied retroactively, so any trend the numbers show would still be consistent. Even if the numbers are inexact, others agree the downward trajectory in sweeteners makes sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because soda consumption started falling around the same time, and is down 24 percent since 1998, according to industry tracker Beverage Digest. Michael Jacobson, executive director of the CSPI, thinks it's a major factor — and perhaps the entire reason — for the drop in sweetener consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Beverage Association, the trade group for Coke and Pepsi, says soda isn't the driver of obesity rates, since those levels have climbed as soda drinking has declined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gary Taubes, a science author, believes the influx of sweeteners and refined carbohydrates in diets has likely fueled obesity, but notes there's ambiguity in the evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Cristin Kearns, a former dentist who has been uncovering documents showing the sugar industry's influence on nutrition science, noted that \"manufacturers are getting crafty\" about the types of sweeteners they use, such as juice concentrate, meaning they might not show up in consumption figures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As sugar comes under fire, food companies are using sophisticated new methods to reduce sweeteners without sacrificing sweetness. Consider the use of \"sweet taste boosters\" that amplify smaller amounts of sweeteners. The ingredients are listed as \"artificial flavors\" on packages, according to Senomyx, a California company that makes them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, MycoTechnology began making a \"bitter blocker\" that reduces the need for sweeteners that mask bitterness. The Colorado company says it is made from a mushroom extract and can be listed as a \"natural flavor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some companies have also switched back to \"real sugar\" to give their products a more wholesome image, even though there may be no difference in calories. While the overall decline in sweeteners reflects the drop in high-fructose corn syrup, the consumption of refined sugar has actually edged up in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that small regard, sugar is enjoying a revival.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Our total consumption of caloric sweeteners like refined cane sugar and high-fructose corn syrup is down 15 percent from its peak in 1999, government data shows.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1474941142,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":804},"headData":{"title":"Americans Are Consuming Less Sugar With Decline in Soda Intake | KQED","description":"Our total consumption of caloric sweeteners like refined cane sugar and high-fructose corn syrup is down 15 percent from its peak in 1999, government data shows.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Americans Are Consuming Less Sugar With Decline in Soda Intake","datePublished":"2016-09-20T16:35:37.000Z","dateModified":"2016-09-27T01:52:22.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"239326 http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=239326","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/09/20/americans-are-consuming-less-sugar-with-decline-in-soda-intake/","disqusTitle":"Americans Are Consuming Less Sugar With Decline in Soda Intake","nprByline":"Associated Press","path":"/stateofhealth/239326/americans-are-consuming-less-sugar-with-decline-in-soda-intake","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Sugar has become the nutritional villain du jour, but just how bad is our addiction? The answer is tricky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philadelphia recently passed a tax on sugary drinks, several other places have proposed them, and the government this year recommended we limit our intake of added sugars to 10 percent of daily calories, underscoring how significant elected officials believe the problem is. But while determining exactly how much sugar we're consuming is a complicated business — government figures are estimates— the data and industry trends indicate we've actually made progress in cutting back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On average, Americans' total consumption of caloric sweeteners like refined cane sugar and high-fructose corn syrup is down 15 percent from its peak in 1999, according to government data. That's when we consumed an average of 111 grams of sugar a day (423 calories).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After plateauing in recent years, consumption was down to 94 grams a day (358 calories) last year, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, which calculates the figures by estimating how much of the caloric sweeteners produced are never eaten. But that level is still higher than the 87 grams Americans consumed on average in 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A major factor for the drop appears to be the decline in soda consumption, as the high-fructose corn syrup used to sweeten drinks like Sprite and Mountain Dew has been on the decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas Farley, the health commissioner in Philadelphia, said it could take many years before the positive effects from the reductions in soda consumption to turn up in health data. But he also noted that factors like the growth in snacking, the availability of food in more places, and oversized restaurant dishes can fuel obesity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sugar is a problem, but sugar is not the only problem,\" Farley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And though it's lower, sweetener consumption of 94 grams a day is still the equivalent of roughly two and half cans of Coke. That far exceeds the government's recommendation to limit added sugar to around 50 grams a day (200 calories) for someone on a 2,000-calorie diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Notably, a per capita consumption figure doesn't account for the wide disparities in intake among individuals. The way the USDA estimates sweetener consumption also means the specific figure could be higher or lower. The agency changed its methodology in 2012, which meant a sharp reduction in how much sugar it said we consume. Emails obtained by the Center for Science in the Public Interest, which supports soda taxes, show that a sugar industry group wanted the change and hoped for \"as low a per capita sweetener consumption estimate as possible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's always room for \"improvement and refinement\" in making food consumption estimates, said Michael McConnell, an agriculture economist who specializes in sweeteners at the USDA. But he said the change in methodology was applied retroactively, so any trend the numbers show would still be consistent. Even if the numbers are inexact, others agree the downward trajectory in sweeteners makes sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because soda consumption started falling around the same time, and is down 24 percent since 1998, according to industry tracker Beverage Digest. Michael Jacobson, executive director of the CSPI, thinks it's a major factor — and perhaps the entire reason — for the drop in sweetener consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Beverage Association, the trade group for Coke and Pepsi, says soda isn't the driver of obesity rates, since those levels have climbed as soda drinking has declined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gary Taubes, a science author, believes the influx of sweeteners and refined carbohydrates in diets has likely fueled obesity, but notes there's ambiguity in the evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Cristin Kearns, a former dentist who has been uncovering documents showing the sugar industry's influence on nutrition science, noted that \"manufacturers are getting crafty\" about the types of sweeteners they use, such as juice concentrate, meaning they might not show up in consumption figures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As sugar comes under fire, food companies are using sophisticated new methods to reduce sweeteners without sacrificing sweetness. Consider the use of \"sweet taste boosters\" that amplify smaller amounts of sweeteners. The ingredients are listed as \"artificial flavors\" on packages, according to Senomyx, a California company that makes them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, MycoTechnology began making a \"bitter blocker\" that reduces the need for sweeteners that mask bitterness. The Colorado company says it is made from a mushroom extract and can be listed as a \"natural flavor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some companies have also switched back to \"real sugar\" to give their products a more wholesome image, even though there may be no difference in calories. While the overall decline in sweeteners reflects the drop in high-fructose corn syrup, the consumption of refined sugar has actually edged up in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that small regard, sugar is enjoying a revival.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/239326/americans-are-consuming-less-sugar-with-decline-in-soda-intake","authors":["byline_stateofhealth_239326"],"categories":["stateofhealth_2746","stateofhealth_1"],"tags":["stateofhealth_2923","stateofhealth_2925","stateofhealth_2808","stateofhealth_2519","stateofhealth_580","stateofhealth_161"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_25224","label":"stateofhealth"},"stateofhealth_236447":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_236447","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"236447","score":null,"sort":[1473705447000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"sugar-industry-funded-1960s-harvard-research-that-blamed-heart-disease-on-fat","title":"Sugar Industry Funded 1960s Harvard Research That Blamed Heart Disease on Fat","publishDate":1473705447,"format":"standard","headTitle":"State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cp>The sugar industry began funding research that cast doubt on sugar's role in heart disease — in part by pointing the finger at fat — as early as the 1960s, according to an analysis of newly uncovered documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis published Monday is based on correspondence between a sugar trade group and researchers at Harvard University, and is the latest example showing how food and beverage makers attempt to shape public understanding of nutrition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1964, the group now known as the Sugar Association internally discussed a campaign to address \"negative attitudes toward sugar\" after studies began emerging linking sugar with heart disease, according to documents dug up from public archives. The following year the group approved \"Project 226,\" which entailed paying Harvard researchers today's equivalent of $48,900 for an article reviewing the scientific literature, supplying materials they wanted reviewed, and receiving drafts of the article.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resulting article published in 1967 concluded there was \"no doubt\" that reducing cholesterol and saturated fat was the only dietary intervention needed to prevent heart disease. The researchers overstated the consistency of the literature on fat and cholesterol, while downplaying studies on sugar, according to the analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Let me assure you this is quite what we had in mind and we look forward to its appearance in print,\" wrote an employee of the sugar industry group to one of the authors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sugar industry's funding and role were not disclosed when the article was published by the New England Journal of Medicine. The journal, which did not require such disclosures at the time, began requesting author disclosures in 1984.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an editorial published Monday that accompanied the sugar industry analysis, New York University professor of nutrition Marion Nestle noted that for decades following the study, scientists and health officials focused on reducing saturated fat, not sugar, to prevent heart disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While scientists are still working to understand links between diet and heart disease, concern has shifted in recent years to sugar and carbohydrates, and away from fat, Nestle said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A committee advising the federal government on dietary guidelines says the available evidence shows \"no appreciable relationship\" between the dietary cholesterol and heart disease, although it still recommended limiting saturated fats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Heart Association cites a study published in 2014 in saying that too much added sugar can increase risk of heart disease, though the authors of that study says the biological reasons for the link are not completely understood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings published Monday are part of an ongoing project by a former dentist, Cristin Kearns, to reveal the sugar industry's decades-long efforts to counter science linking sugar with negative health effects, including diabetes. The latest work, published in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine, is based primarily on 31 pages of correspondence between the sugar group and one of the Harvard researchers who authored the review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, the Sugar Association said it \"should have exercised greater transparency in all of its research activities,\" but that funding disclosures were not the norm when the review was published. The group also questioned Kearns' \"continued attempts to reframe historical occurrences\" to play into the current public sentiment against sugar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sugar Association said it was a \"disservice\" that industry-funded research in general is considered \"tainted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies including Coca-Cola Co. and Kellogg Co. as well as groups for agricultural products like beef and blueberries regularly fund studies that become a part of scientific literature, are cited by other researchers, and are touted in press releases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies say they adhere to scientific standards, and many researchers feel that industry funding is critical to advancing science given the growing competition for government funds. But critics say such studies are often thinly veiled marketing that undermine efforts to improve public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Food company sponsorship, whether or not intentionally manipulative, undermines public trust in nutrition science, contributes to public confusion about what to eat,\" wrote Nestle, a longtime critic of industry funding of science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors of the analysis note they were unable to interview key actors quoted in the documents because they are no longer alive. They also note there is no direct evidence the sugar industry wrote or changed the manuscript, that the documents provide a limited window into the activities of the sugar industry group and that the roles of other industries and nutrition leaders in shaping the discussion about heart disease were not studied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, they say the documents underscore why policy makers should consider giving less weight to industry-funded studies. Although funding disclosures are now common practice in the scientific community, the role sponsors play behind the scenes is still not always clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, the Associated Press reported on a study funded by the candy industry's trade group that found children who eat candy tend to weigh less than those who don't. The National Confectioners Association, which touted the findings in a press release, provided feedback to the authors on a draft even though a disclosure said it had no role in the paper. The association said its suggestions didn't alter the findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, the AP also reported on emails showing Coca-Cola was instrumental in creating a nonprofit that said its mission was to fight obesity, even though the group publicly said the soda maker had \"no input\" into its activities. A document circulated at Coke said the group would counter the \"shrill rhetoric\" of \"public health extremists.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coca-Cola subsequently conceded that it had not been transparent, and the group later disbanded.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"An historical analysis shows that researchers overstated the consistency of the literature on fat and cholesterol, while downplaying studies on sugar.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1474941165,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":926},"headData":{"title":"Sugar Industry Funded 1960s Harvard Research That Blamed Heart Disease on Fat | KQED","description":"An historical analysis shows that researchers overstated the consistency of the literature on fat and cholesterol, while downplaying studies on sugar.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Sugar Industry Funded 1960s Harvard Research That Blamed Heart Disease on Fat","datePublished":"2016-09-12T18:37:27.000Z","dateModified":"2016-09-27T01:52:45.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"236447 http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=236447","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/09/12/sugar-industry-funded-1960s-harvard-research-that-blamed-heart-disease-on-fat/","disqusTitle":"Sugar Industry Funded 1960s Harvard Research That Blamed Heart Disease on Fat","nprByline":"Associated Press","path":"/stateofhealth/236447/sugar-industry-funded-1960s-harvard-research-that-blamed-heart-disease-on-fat","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The sugar industry began funding research that cast doubt on sugar's role in heart disease — in part by pointing the finger at fat — as early as the 1960s, according to an analysis of newly uncovered documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis published Monday is based on correspondence between a sugar trade group and researchers at Harvard University, and is the latest example showing how food and beverage makers attempt to shape public understanding of nutrition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1964, the group now known as the Sugar Association internally discussed a campaign to address \"negative attitudes toward sugar\" after studies began emerging linking sugar with heart disease, according to documents dug up from public archives. The following year the group approved \"Project 226,\" which entailed paying Harvard researchers today's equivalent of $48,900 for an article reviewing the scientific literature, supplying materials they wanted reviewed, and receiving drafts of the article.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resulting article published in 1967 concluded there was \"no doubt\" that reducing cholesterol and saturated fat was the only dietary intervention needed to prevent heart disease. The researchers overstated the consistency of the literature on fat and cholesterol, while downplaying studies on sugar, according to the analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Let me assure you this is quite what we had in mind and we look forward to its appearance in print,\" wrote an employee of the sugar industry group to one of the authors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sugar industry's funding and role were not disclosed when the article was published by the New England Journal of Medicine. The journal, which did not require such disclosures at the time, began requesting author disclosures in 1984.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an editorial published Monday that accompanied the sugar industry analysis, New York University professor of nutrition Marion Nestle noted that for decades following the study, scientists and health officials focused on reducing saturated fat, not sugar, to prevent heart disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While scientists are still working to understand links between diet and heart disease, concern has shifted in recent years to sugar and carbohydrates, and away from fat, Nestle said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A committee advising the federal government on dietary guidelines says the available evidence shows \"no appreciable relationship\" between the dietary cholesterol and heart disease, although it still recommended limiting saturated fats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Heart Association cites a study published in 2014 in saying that too much added sugar can increase risk of heart disease, though the authors of that study says the biological reasons for the link are not completely understood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings published Monday are part of an ongoing project by a former dentist, Cristin Kearns, to reveal the sugar industry's decades-long efforts to counter science linking sugar with negative health effects, including diabetes. The latest work, published in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine, is based primarily on 31 pages of correspondence between the sugar group and one of the Harvard researchers who authored the review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, the Sugar Association said it \"should have exercised greater transparency in all of its research activities,\" but that funding disclosures were not the norm when the review was published. The group also questioned Kearns' \"continued attempts to reframe historical occurrences\" to play into the current public sentiment against sugar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sugar Association said it was a \"disservice\" that industry-funded research in general is considered \"tainted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies including Coca-Cola Co. and Kellogg Co. as well as groups for agricultural products like beef and blueberries regularly fund studies that become a part of scientific literature, are cited by other researchers, and are touted in press releases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies say they adhere to scientific standards, and many researchers feel that industry funding is critical to advancing science given the growing competition for government funds. But critics say such studies are often thinly veiled marketing that undermine efforts to improve public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Food company sponsorship, whether or not intentionally manipulative, undermines public trust in nutrition science, contributes to public confusion about what to eat,\" wrote Nestle, a longtime critic of industry funding of science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors of the analysis note they were unable to interview key actors quoted in the documents because they are no longer alive. They also note there is no direct evidence the sugar industry wrote or changed the manuscript, that the documents provide a limited window into the activities of the sugar industry group and that the roles of other industries and nutrition leaders in shaping the discussion about heart disease were not studied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, they say the documents underscore why policy makers should consider giving less weight to industry-funded studies. Although funding disclosures are now common practice in the scientific community, the role sponsors play behind the scenes is still not always clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, the Associated Press reported on a study funded by the candy industry's trade group that found children who eat candy tend to weigh less than those who don't. The National Confectioners Association, which touted the findings in a press release, provided feedback to the authors on a draft even though a disclosure said it had no role in the paper. The association said its suggestions didn't alter the findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, the AP also reported on emails showing Coca-Cola was instrumental in creating a nonprofit that said its mission was to fight obesity, even though the group publicly said the soda maker had \"no input\" into its activities. A document circulated at Coke said the group would counter the \"shrill rhetoric\" of \"public health extremists.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coca-Cola subsequently conceded that it had not been transparent, and the group later disbanded.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/236447/sugar-industry-funded-1960s-harvard-research-that-blamed-heart-disease-on-fat","authors":["byline_stateofhealth_236447"],"categories":["stateofhealth_2746"],"tags":["stateofhealth_2925","stateofhealth_2899","stateofhealth_2808","stateofhealth_2900","stateofhealth_2871","stateofhealth_2519","stateofhealth_2898","stateofhealth_161"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_236465","label":"stateofhealth"},"stateofhealth_231871":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_231871","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"231871","score":null,"sort":[1472759154000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"soda-tax-fundraising-flat-for-now","title":"Soda Tax Fundraising Flat -- For Now","publishDate":1472759154,"format":"standard","headTitle":"State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cp>Has the fight over soda taxes gone flat?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fundraising by campaigns battling over taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages in four U.S. cities has topped the seven-figure mark, but still falls far short of the dollars spent on the last two major soda tax initiatives, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://maplight.org/content/soda-tax-fundraising-flat-for-now\">MapLight analysis\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groups for and against the taxes have raised $1.4 million in the four cities so far. The amount represents about 15 percent of the $9.5 million raised in the battle over a failed 2014 San Francisco initiative that would have added a two-penny-an-ounce soda tax, according to city records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The slowdown in funding is unusual, because the fight over sugar-sweetened beverages marks a potential turning point in American politics. While public health advocates have battled powerful industries, such as tobacco and coal, those fights have generally been settled by legislatures or courts. The attempt to slow sales of the $278 billion soft-drink industry represents one of the rare occasions when voters can directly address a public health controversy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We may see more public health measures via community-led signature-gathering campaigns in the future,” San Francisco Supervisor Eric Mar said in an email. “Communities…can pass much stronger laws at the ballot box than legislating by the board of supervisors and mayor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"YbUVpLIvFMgTsbGdsQNByRf5SCgvYSw0\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A trio of organizations battling over a San Francisco measure have combined to raise nearly $800,000 during 2016, according to city records. The total raised so far exceeds the amounts raised in two other California cities -- Oakland and Albany -- with similar initiatives on their November ballots. Boulder, Colorado is considering a similar tax on sugar-sweetened beverages. At least $615,000 has been raised for and against the Oakland measure, while $10,000 has been raised in support of the Colorado measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Mayor and The Big Gulp\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The politics of soda emerged as a national issue in May 2012, when then-New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg imposed a ban on large sugar-sweetened beverages at restaurants, movie theaters and street carts in an effort to combat the city’s obesity epidemic. The prohibition outraged libertarians and the soft-drink industry, which has seen sales decline for more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mayor, who had spearheaded a 2003 ban on smoking in city restaurants and bars, was roundly criticized for the soda ban, which residents erroneously thought included the 7-Eleven chain’s super-sized “Big Gulp” drinks. Sixty percent of city residents opposed the idea. The state’s highest court overturned the ban in June 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite that rejection, other cities began taking action to curb soda consumption. In 2014, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/11/04/will-berkeley-and-san-francisco-soda-tax-measures-set-precedent/\">Berkeley became the first city \u003c/a>in the nation to pass a measure to tax sugary beverages, with 76 percent of voters approving a penny-an-ounce tax. During the campaign, the American Beverage Association contributed more than $2.4 million to fight the initiative. Supporters were able to raise about $930,000, including more than $600,000 in donations from Bloomberg, a billionaire who founded one of the largest financial data companies in the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 55 percent of San Francisco voters in 2014 supported a proposed two-cent-per-ounce tax on sodas and other sugar-sweetened drinks. The measure failed, in part because it specified that money from the tax would be spent on nutrition and health programs. Under state law, taxes applied to specific purposes require a two-thirds majority vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Berkeley tax has been linked to a 21 percent decrease in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among lower-income residents, according to a study published last week by the American Journal of Public Health. Researchers also found a 4 percent increase in soda consumption in adjacent San Francisco and Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Second Serving\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.ameribev.org/\">American Beverage Association\u003c/a> has been the largest financial opponent of soda taxes in 2016, according to public records. The industry group, which includes Coca Cola, PepsiCo, and Sunny Delight, has poured $545,000 into a political action committee (PAC) to battle San Francisco’s measure -- a fraction of the $9.2 million it dropped in the city in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two organizations have provided most of the money in support of the tax. About $250,000 has been raised by San Franciscans United to Reduce Diabetes, a political action committee. John Arnold, a billionaire hedge fund founder, and his wife Laura, contributed $60,000 of that total through a social welfare organization they created, Action Now Initiative. The organization also contributed money to support the 2014 Berkeley measure. (Disclosure: The Laura and John Arnold Foundation is a donor to MapLight.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The beverage PAC has also raised $600,000 to fight the Oakland ballot measure, which would add a one-cent tax to sodas. It is using the money to buy ads that frame the initiative as a tax on groceries and that feature halal and Asian grocers. The ads suggest the beverage industry is using the results from the 2014 San Francisco campaign to inform its current strategy: then there was little support for the proposed tax in neighborhoods with more lower-income and minority voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Desley Brooks, an Oakland council member supporting the measure, claimed the soda industry “is targeting people of color, and they have no shame when it comes to spreading falsehoods.” But Lauren Kane, a spokeswoman for the beverage industry association, described the proposals as “regressive and discriminatory.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Singling out one item in a grocery cart is discriminatory,” said Kane, adding that 43 soda tax proposals have been rejected by local governments since 2008. And while Kane wouldn’t discuss the industry’s strategy for fighting the four ballot measures, she said there’s plenty of time between now and November for the industry to make its case to voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citizens for Healthy Oakland Children, which advocates for the new tax, has only raised $18,545 -- $1 for every $32 collected by opponents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brotherly Love\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates of soda taxes were heartened by \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/06/16/philadelphia-first-major-u-s-city-to-pass-soda-tax/\">a June vote\u003c/a> in the Philadelphia City Council that placed a 1.5 cent-per-ounce tax on sodas to provide $400 million in funds for pre-kindergarten and recreation programs. Earlier efforts had failed, stymied in part by the industry’s $10 million gift to the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the Philadelphia tax was passed by a government vote rather than a ballot, money figured heavily in the battle. Philadelphians for a Fair Future, a “dark money” group that is not required to reveal its donors, spent heavily to back the new tax. Bloomberg gave the group about $1.5 million, and the Arnolds’ Action Now Initiative chipped in another $400,000. The beverage industry spent $4.2 million on advertising and is mounting a legal battle to overturn the tax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sarah Roache, a fellow at the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law at Georgetown University Law Center, said it’s possible that the beverage industry may simply be waiting to raise larger sums of money until just before the California and Colorado votes. Roache, whose research includes potential policy solutions to unhealthy diets, said the industry waited until days before a crucial city council vote in Philadelphia to unleash an unsuccessful advertising blitz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The financial stakes have been much lower in Albany, a Bay Area suburb of 18,500 that’s nestled against the northern boundary of Berkeley. The city clerk’s office has reported no contributions or expenditures relating to the proposed penny-per-ounce soda tax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Colorado Beverage Association is backing a challenge to a similar proposal in Boulder, Colorado. The group argued unsuccessfully to city officials that the petition to put the measure on the ballot didn’t abide by state laws requiring voters to be notified that the soda tax is, in fact, a tax increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City records show that Healthy Boulder Kids, an organization composed primarily of public health advocates, has raised about $10,350. Another organization, No Boulder Grocery Tax, has not reported any contributions, but said it had spent $7,500.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Methodology: MapLight analysis of contributions to committees supporting and opposing ballot measures that would tax sugar-sweetened beverages in the November 2014 and 2016 elections using the latest data available from local campaign finance reports as of Aug. 29, 2016.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>About MapLight\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>MapLight is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit, nonpartisan research organization that tracks money in politics. More information about MapLight can be found \u003ca href=\"http://maplight.org/content/about-maplight\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Soda tax proponents in four cities have only raised 15 percent of the funds they did in 2014's San Francisco's initiative.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1475012916,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":1444},"headData":{"title":"Soda Tax Fundraising Flat -- For Now | KQED","description":"Soda tax proponents in four cities have only raised 15 percent of the funds they did in 2014's San Francisco's initiative.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Soda Tax Fundraising Flat -- For Now","datePublished":"2016-09-01T19:45:54.000Z","dateModified":"2016-09-27T21:48:36.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"231871 http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=231871","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/09/01/soda-tax-fundraising-flat-for-now/","disqusTitle":"Soda Tax Fundraising Flat -- For Now","nprByline":"\u003cstrong>Frank Bass\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"http://maplight.org/\">MapLight\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>","path":"/stateofhealth/231871/soda-tax-fundraising-flat-for-now","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Has the fight over soda taxes gone flat?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fundraising by campaigns battling over taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages in four U.S. cities has topped the seven-figure mark, but still falls far short of the dollars spent on the last two major soda tax initiatives, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://maplight.org/content/soda-tax-fundraising-flat-for-now\">MapLight analysis\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groups for and against the taxes have raised $1.4 million in the four cities so far. The amount represents about 15 percent of the $9.5 million raised in the battle over a failed 2014 San Francisco initiative that would have added a two-penny-an-ounce soda tax, according to city records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The slowdown in funding is unusual, because the fight over sugar-sweetened beverages marks a potential turning point in American politics. While public health advocates have battled powerful industries, such as tobacco and coal, those fights have generally been settled by legislatures or courts. The attempt to slow sales of the $278 billion soft-drink industry represents one of the rare occasions when voters can directly address a public health controversy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We may see more public health measures via community-led signature-gathering campaigns in the future,” San Francisco Supervisor Eric Mar said in an email. “Communities…can pass much stronger laws at the ballot box than legislating by the board of supervisors and mayor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A trio of organizations battling over a San Francisco measure have combined to raise nearly $800,000 during 2016, according to city records. The total raised so far exceeds the amounts raised in two other California cities -- Oakland and Albany -- with similar initiatives on their November ballots. Boulder, Colorado is considering a similar tax on sugar-sweetened beverages. At least $615,000 has been raised for and against the Oakland measure, while $10,000 has been raised in support of the Colorado measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Mayor and The Big Gulp\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The politics of soda emerged as a national issue in May 2012, when then-New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg imposed a ban on large sugar-sweetened beverages at restaurants, movie theaters and street carts in an effort to combat the city’s obesity epidemic. The prohibition outraged libertarians and the soft-drink industry, which has seen sales decline for more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mayor, who had spearheaded a 2003 ban on smoking in city restaurants and bars, was roundly criticized for the soda ban, which residents erroneously thought included the 7-Eleven chain’s super-sized “Big Gulp” drinks. Sixty percent of city residents opposed the idea. The state’s highest court overturned the ban in June 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite that rejection, other cities began taking action to curb soda consumption. In 2014, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/11/04/will-berkeley-and-san-francisco-soda-tax-measures-set-precedent/\">Berkeley became the first city \u003c/a>in the nation to pass a measure to tax sugary beverages, with 76 percent of voters approving a penny-an-ounce tax. During the campaign, the American Beverage Association contributed more than $2.4 million to fight the initiative. Supporters were able to raise about $930,000, including more than $600,000 in donations from Bloomberg, a billionaire who founded one of the largest financial data companies in the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 55 percent of San Francisco voters in 2014 supported a proposed two-cent-per-ounce tax on sodas and other sugar-sweetened drinks. The measure failed, in part because it specified that money from the tax would be spent on nutrition and health programs. Under state law, taxes applied to specific purposes require a two-thirds majority vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Berkeley tax has been linked to a 21 percent decrease in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among lower-income residents, according to a study published last week by the American Journal of Public Health. Researchers also found a 4 percent increase in soda consumption in adjacent San Francisco and Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Second Serving\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.ameribev.org/\">American Beverage Association\u003c/a> has been the largest financial opponent of soda taxes in 2016, according to public records. The industry group, which includes Coca Cola, PepsiCo, and Sunny Delight, has poured $545,000 into a political action committee (PAC) to battle San Francisco’s measure -- a fraction of the $9.2 million it dropped in the city in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two organizations have provided most of the money in support of the tax. About $250,000 has been raised by San Franciscans United to Reduce Diabetes, a political action committee. John Arnold, a billionaire hedge fund founder, and his wife Laura, contributed $60,000 of that total through a social welfare organization they created, Action Now Initiative. The organization also contributed money to support the 2014 Berkeley measure. (Disclosure: The Laura and John Arnold Foundation is a donor to MapLight.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The beverage PAC has also raised $600,000 to fight the Oakland ballot measure, which would add a one-cent tax to sodas. It is using the money to buy ads that frame the initiative as a tax on groceries and that feature halal and Asian grocers. The ads suggest the beverage industry is using the results from the 2014 San Francisco campaign to inform its current strategy: then there was little support for the proposed tax in neighborhoods with more lower-income and minority voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Desley Brooks, an Oakland council member supporting the measure, claimed the soda industry “is targeting people of color, and they have no shame when it comes to spreading falsehoods.” But Lauren Kane, a spokeswoman for the beverage industry association, described the proposals as “regressive and discriminatory.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Singling out one item in a grocery cart is discriminatory,” said Kane, adding that 43 soda tax proposals have been rejected by local governments since 2008. And while Kane wouldn’t discuss the industry’s strategy for fighting the four ballot measures, she said there’s plenty of time between now and November for the industry to make its case to voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citizens for Healthy Oakland Children, which advocates for the new tax, has only raised $18,545 -- $1 for every $32 collected by opponents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brotherly Love\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates of soda taxes were heartened by \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/06/16/philadelphia-first-major-u-s-city-to-pass-soda-tax/\">a June vote\u003c/a> in the Philadelphia City Council that placed a 1.5 cent-per-ounce tax on sodas to provide $400 million in funds for pre-kindergarten and recreation programs. Earlier efforts had failed, stymied in part by the industry’s $10 million gift to the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the Philadelphia tax was passed by a government vote rather than a ballot, money figured heavily in the battle. Philadelphians for a Fair Future, a “dark money” group that is not required to reveal its donors, spent heavily to back the new tax. Bloomberg gave the group about $1.5 million, and the Arnolds’ Action Now Initiative chipped in another $400,000. The beverage industry spent $4.2 million on advertising and is mounting a legal battle to overturn the tax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sarah Roache, a fellow at the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law at Georgetown University Law Center, said it’s possible that the beverage industry may simply be waiting to raise larger sums of money until just before the California and Colorado votes. Roache, whose research includes potential policy solutions to unhealthy diets, said the industry waited until days before a crucial city council vote in Philadelphia to unleash an unsuccessful advertising blitz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The financial stakes have been much lower in Albany, a Bay Area suburb of 18,500 that’s nestled against the northern boundary of Berkeley. The city clerk’s office has reported no contributions or expenditures relating to the proposed penny-per-ounce soda tax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Colorado Beverage Association is backing a challenge to a similar proposal in Boulder, Colorado. The group argued unsuccessfully to city officials that the petition to put the measure on the ballot didn’t abide by state laws requiring voters to be notified that the soda tax is, in fact, a tax increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City records show that Healthy Boulder Kids, an organization composed primarily of public health advocates, has raised about $10,350. Another organization, No Boulder Grocery Tax, has not reported any contributions, but said it had spent $7,500.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Methodology: MapLight analysis of contributions to committees supporting and opposing ballot measures that would tax sugar-sweetened beverages in the November 2014 and 2016 elections using the latest data available from local campaign finance reports as of Aug. 29, 2016.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>About MapLight\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>MapLight is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit, nonpartisan research organization that tracks money in politics. More information about MapLight can be found \u003ca href=\"http://maplight.org/content/about-maplight\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/231871/soda-tax-fundraising-flat-for-now","authors":["byline_stateofhealth_231871"],"categories":["stateofhealth_14","stateofhealth_2746"],"tags":["stateofhealth_2925","stateofhealth_2808","stateofhealth_2519","stateofhealth_75"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_231890","label":"stateofhealth"},"stateofhealth_228630":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_228630","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"228630","score":null,"sort":[1472061127000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"berkeleys-soda-tax-appears-to-cut-consumption-of-sugary-drinks","title":"Berkeley's Soda Tax Appears to Cut Consumption of Sugary Drinks","publishDate":1472061127,"format":"standard","headTitle":"State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cp>The nation's first \"soda tax\" on sugar-sweetened beverages, which went into effect in Berkeley last year, appears to be working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a new \u003ca href=\"http://news.berkeley.edu/2016/08/23/sodadrinking/\">study\u003c/a>, consumption of sugary drinks -- at least in some neighborhoods -- is down by a whopping 20 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That estimate results from what \u003ca href=\"http://sph.berkeley.edu/kristine-madsen\">Kristine Madsen\u003c/a>, a researcher at the UC Berkeley's School of Public Health, calls a \"perfect natural experiment.\" In the fall of 2014, voters in Berkeley and San Francisco voted on proposals to tax sugar-sweetened drinks at the rate of one cent per fluid ounce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposals were aimed at reducing consumption of these drinks, which are blamed for increasing rates of obesity and Type 2 diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the votes, Madsen and a small army of collaborators began laying the groundwork for efforts to measure whether such a tax would actually work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They targeted low-income neighborhoods of each city, as well as Oakland, and carried out surveys of people they met on the street. \"We asked how often they drank various beverages,\" Madsen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They recorded the answer and waited for the vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tax did not pass in San Francisco. But it did in Berkeley. So sugary drinks became more expensive in Berkeley, but not in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Madsen and her collaborators then returned to the same neighborhoods, with the same questions. \"I would say, 'How often do you drink regular soda, like a Coke, or Sprite? Once a week? Once a month?' And some people would just say, 'Well, I drink it every day.' And what we were trying to do was get some way of making everybody equal, so that everybody could be expressed as times per day that they drank soda.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the vote, the answers had been very similar in both cities. The average person drank about 1.25 sugary beverages per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the vote, those responses diverged. In San Francisco, where there was no tax, people said that they were drinking slightly more sugary beverages. (It was a hot summer.) In Berkeley, though, reported consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks went down by 20 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People in Berkeley reported a huge increase in their water consumption. Water consumption increased in San Francisco as well, but not by as much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Madsen says a 20 percent reduction in consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages would be enough to reduce rates of obesity and Type 2 diabetes in years to come. \"This would have a huge public health impact if it were sustained,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She is not sure it will be sustained. People may be more inclined to react to such a tax when it is new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.human.cornell.edu/bio.cfm?netid=jhc38\">John Cawley\u003c/a>, a professor of public policy and economics at Cornell University, says that a 20 percent drop is more than economists would have predicted, since the tax caused prices of sugary drinks to go up only modestly. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nber.org/papers/w21465\">Cawley\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302881\">others\u003c/a> found that soda sellers did not pass the full cost of the tax on to consumers, but absorbed somewhere between 30 and 50 percent of the cost themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a big decrease\" in consumption, Cawley says. \"It makes complete sense that, when prices go up, people buy less. That's the law of demand. So I did expect to see some kind of decrease in consumption, but this is a very large decrease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cawley noted that there is a relatively large margin of error in the estimates of beverage consumption. \"It will be interesting, as more information comes in, whether this finding holds up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This isn't the final answer,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://publichealth.gwu.edu/departments/prevention-and-community-health/michael-long\">Michael Long\u003c/a>, a professor of public health at George Washington University, \"but it is consistent with what we know about how people respond to prices. This definitely adds a lot of information about reductions in reported consumption, and we'll have to look further to see if we're seeing reductions in sales data.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Beverage Association, which represents the soda industry, says that its member companies don't provide detailed data on sales trends within particular cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.capitolmatrixconsulting.com/team_williams.html\">Brad Williams\u003c/a>, an economist with Capitol Matrix Consulting in Sacramento, who has been a consultant for the beverage industry, told \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt\u003c/a> that the successful pro-soda tax campaign in 2014, rather than the tax itself, may have led people to report that they were drinking less soda. \"There's a limited price differential between sugar-sweetened and non-sugar-sweetened beverages, especially in chain stores,\" he says. \"It's not like consumers are getting price signals, so to the extent that consumption was reduced, it was the result of the campaign\" against sugary drinks rather than the tax, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new study was published this week in the \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303362\" target=\"_blank\">American Journal of Public Health\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"According to a new study, the nation's first soda tax succeeded in cutting consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. But there's uncertainty about whether the effect will be permanent.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1475172398,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":800},"headData":{"title":"Berkeley's Soda Tax Appears to Cut Consumption of Sugary Drinks | KQED","description":"According to a new study, the nation's first soda tax succeeded in cutting consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. But there's uncertainty about whether the effect will be permanent.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Berkeley's Soda Tax Appears to Cut Consumption of Sugary Drinks","datePublished":"2016-08-24T17:52:07.000Z","dateModified":"2016-09-29T18:06:38.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"228630 http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=228630","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/08/24/berkeleys-soda-tax-appears-to-cut-consumption-of-sugary-drinks/","disqusTitle":"Berkeley's Soda Tax Appears to Cut Consumption of Sugary Drinks","nprImageCredit":"Robert Galbraith","nprByline":"\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>","nprImageAgency":"Reuters","nprStoryId":"491104093","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=491104093&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/08/23/491104093/berkeleys-soda-tax-appears-to-cut-consumption-of-sugary-drinks?ft=nprml&f=491104093","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 24 Aug 2016 11:33:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 23 Aug 2016 19:49:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 24 Aug 2016 11:33:32 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2016/08/20160823_atc_soda_tax_drives_down_sales_in_berkeley_calif.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&d=149&p=2&story=491104093&t=progseg&e=491014243&seg=2&ft=nprml&f=491104093","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1491125302-e1a508.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1053&d=149&p=2&story=491104093&t=progseg&e=491014243&seg=2&ft=nprml&f=491104093","path":"/stateofhealth/228630/berkeleys-soda-tax-appears-to-cut-consumption-of-sugary-drinks","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2016/08/20160823_atc_soda_tax_drives_down_sales_in_berkeley_calif.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&d=149&p=2&story=491104093&t=progseg&e=491014243&seg=2&ft=nprml&f=491104093","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The nation's first \"soda tax\" on sugar-sweetened beverages, which went into effect in Berkeley last year, appears to be working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a new \u003ca href=\"http://news.berkeley.edu/2016/08/23/sodadrinking/\">study\u003c/a>, consumption of sugary drinks -- at least in some neighborhoods -- is down by a whopping 20 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That estimate results from what \u003ca href=\"http://sph.berkeley.edu/kristine-madsen\">Kristine Madsen\u003c/a>, a researcher at the UC Berkeley's School of Public Health, calls a \"perfect natural experiment.\" In the fall of 2014, voters in Berkeley and San Francisco voted on proposals to tax sugar-sweetened drinks at the rate of one cent per fluid ounce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposals were aimed at reducing consumption of these drinks, which are blamed for increasing rates of obesity and Type 2 diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the votes, Madsen and a small army of collaborators began laying the groundwork for efforts to measure whether such a tax would actually work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They targeted low-income neighborhoods of each city, as well as Oakland, and carried out surveys of people they met on the street. \"We asked how often they drank various beverages,\" Madsen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They recorded the answer and waited for the vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tax did not pass in San Francisco. But it did in Berkeley. So sugary drinks became more expensive in Berkeley, but not in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Madsen and her collaborators then returned to the same neighborhoods, with the same questions. \"I would say, 'How often do you drink regular soda, like a Coke, or Sprite? Once a week? Once a month?' And some people would just say, 'Well, I drink it every day.' And what we were trying to do was get some way of making everybody equal, so that everybody could be expressed as times per day that they drank soda.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the vote, the answers had been very similar in both cities. The average person drank about 1.25 sugary beverages per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the vote, those responses diverged. In San Francisco, where there was no tax, people said that they were drinking slightly more sugary beverages. (It was a hot summer.) In Berkeley, though, reported consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks went down by 20 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People in Berkeley reported a huge increase in their water consumption. Water consumption increased in San Francisco as well, but not by as much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Madsen says a 20 percent reduction in consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages would be enough to reduce rates of obesity and Type 2 diabetes in years to come. \"This would have a huge public health impact if it were sustained,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She is not sure it will be sustained. People may be more inclined to react to such a tax when it is new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.human.cornell.edu/bio.cfm?netid=jhc38\">John Cawley\u003c/a>, a professor of public policy and economics at Cornell University, says that a 20 percent drop is more than economists would have predicted, since the tax caused prices of sugary drinks to go up only modestly. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nber.org/papers/w21465\">Cawley\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302881\">others\u003c/a> found that soda sellers did not pass the full cost of the tax on to consumers, but absorbed somewhere between 30 and 50 percent of the cost themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a big decrease\" in consumption, Cawley says. \"It makes complete sense that, when prices go up, people buy less. That's the law of demand. So I did expect to see some kind of decrease in consumption, but this is a very large decrease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cawley noted that there is a relatively large margin of error in the estimates of beverage consumption. \"It will be interesting, as more information comes in, whether this finding holds up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This isn't the final answer,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://publichealth.gwu.edu/departments/prevention-and-community-health/michael-long\">Michael Long\u003c/a>, a professor of public health at George Washington University, \"but it is consistent with what we know about how people respond to prices. This definitely adds a lot of information about reductions in reported consumption, and we'll have to look further to see if we're seeing reductions in sales data.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Beverage Association, which represents the soda industry, says that its member companies don't provide detailed data on sales trends within particular cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.capitolmatrixconsulting.com/team_williams.html\">Brad Williams\u003c/a>, an economist with Capitol Matrix Consulting in Sacramento, who has been a consultant for the beverage industry, told \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt\u003c/a> that the successful pro-soda tax campaign in 2014, rather than the tax itself, may have led people to report that they were drinking less soda. \"There's a limited price differential between sugar-sweetened and non-sugar-sweetened beverages, especially in chain stores,\" he says. \"It's not like consumers are getting price signals, so to the extent that consumption was reduced, it was the result of the campaign\" against sugary drinks rather than the tax, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new study was published this week in the \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303362\" target=\"_blank\">American Journal of Public Health\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/228630/berkeleys-soda-tax-appears-to-cut-consumption-of-sugary-drinks","authors":["byline_stateofhealth_228630"],"categories":["stateofhealth_11","stateofhealth_12","stateofhealth_2746"],"tags":["stateofhealth_2866","stateofhealth_2925","stateofhealth_2519","stateofhealth_75"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_20311","label":"stateofhealth"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. 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