California May Ease Urban Water-Use Rules as Residents Still Urged to Conserve
California Limits Daily Personal Water Use to 55 Gallons – Kind Of
New Data Shows How Much Water California Cities Should Use
A 'Cool' Way to Save Water (Yes, Water): Paint Your Roof White
New Water Conservation Laws May Limit How Much Water Cities Can Use
New Device Produces Water From Thin Air – No Electricity Required
Californians Go Back to Using About as Much Water as Before the Drought
Wine Lovers: Relax, Study Suggests Calif. Grapevines Can Weather Searing Drought
VIDEOS: Scenes from Yosemite National Park
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Californians spoke out Tuesday over the state’s plan to rein in urban water use that is ultimately less drastic than a previous version of the regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Catch up fast\u003c/strong>: The agency unveiled new rules last summer but backtracked by presenting a new version in March after intense criticism from water providers. The Legislative Analysts’ Office said the rules were too complex, costly and difficult to achieve and they wouldn’t allow much “wiggle room” in complying. The new rules aren’t about managing water use for individual households. Instead, the board is leaning toward water budgets for more than 400 cities and water agencies across California. The deepest cuts are in towns in the Central Valley that, in some cases, will need to decrease water use by half by 2040. Most Bay Area water agencies will likely have to reduce water use by less than 10% by 2040.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The big picture: \u003c/strong>Human-caused climate change is deepening weather whiplash, which is swings between dry and hot weather, deluges and flooding. This only increases the need for water conservation year-round. Water supplies are vulnerable because of increasingly hotter and drier periods, causing a reduced snowpack and drier soils. The proposed regulation seeks to cultivate long-term practices that prevent emergency water reductions during major drought times. The idea is to save enough water, so a lack of water won’t be as significant even in a drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Driving the story: \u003c/strong>The new rules are required because former Gov. Jerry Brown signed two laws \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/conservation_portal/docs/enrolled_ab1668_sb606.pdf\">in 2018\u003c/a> after California went through a five-year drought. The rules would also help realize water savings outlined in the state’s\u003ca href=\"https://resources.ca.gov/-/media/CNRA-Website/Files/Initiatives/Water-Resilience/CA-Water-Supply-Strategy.pdf\"> water supply strategy\u003c/a>.[aside label='More on California Water' tag='california-water']\u003cstrong>What you need to know: \u003c/strong>Beginning in 2027, big cities and water districts will likely be required to develop a water-use budget yearly. The rules also would give water suppliers an additional five years to curb outdoor water use and extend meeting total reductions to 2040. Failure to do so could result in fines for failing to meet conservation targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The opposing view: \u003c/strong>Some environmentalists aren’t happy about the revisions. By giving water providers less stringent standards and more time to comply, they argue Californians will continue to waste water and won’t save enough for dry times. Opponents also believe the regulations would result in higher water rates for low-income people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s next:\u003c/strong> The State Water Resources Control Board is taking public comment through March 27 and will likely vote on the regulations in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The bottom line: \u003c/strong>California water leaders want Californians to save more water, even in wet years, but want to ease water-saving requirements for urban water suppliers. The rules would also give water providers an extra five years to reduce outdoor irrigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California regulators propose loosening urban water rules, even as the state bounces between wet and dry years. Still, they want Californians to make water conservation a way of life.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1710976985,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":573},"headData":{"title":"California May Ease Urban Water-Use Rules as Residents Still Urged to Conserve | KQED","description":"California regulators propose loosening urban water rules, even as the state bounces between wet and dry years. Still, they want Californians to make water conservation a way of life.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1991979/california-eases-urban-water-use-rules-as-residents-still-urged-to-conserve","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Even in wet years — like the last two, which saw disastrous flooding in many parts of the state — Californians need to use less water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the message the State Water Resources Control Board conveyed to the public during a workshop as the agency considers new rules for water conservation in urban areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By promoting water conservation as “\u003ca href=\"https://waterboards.ca.gov/conservation/regs/water_efficiency_legislation.html\">a California way of life\u003c/a>,” the board’s goal is that the looming regulations will save enough water for about half a million households annually. Californians spoke out Tuesday over the state’s plan to rein in urban water use that is ultimately less drastic than a previous version of the regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Catch up fast\u003c/strong>: The agency unveiled new rules last summer but backtracked by presenting a new version in March after intense criticism from water providers. The Legislative Analysts’ Office said the rules were too complex, costly and difficult to achieve and they wouldn’t allow much “wiggle room” in complying. The new rules aren’t about managing water use for individual households. Instead, the board is leaning toward water budgets for more than 400 cities and water agencies across California. The deepest cuts are in towns in the Central Valley that, in some cases, will need to decrease water use by half by 2040. Most Bay Area water agencies will likely have to reduce water use by less than 10% by 2040.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The big picture: \u003c/strong>Human-caused climate change is deepening weather whiplash, which is swings between dry and hot weather, deluges and flooding. This only increases the need for water conservation year-round. Water supplies are vulnerable because of increasingly hotter and drier periods, causing a reduced snowpack and drier soils. The proposed regulation seeks to cultivate long-term practices that prevent emergency water reductions during major drought times. The idea is to save enough water, so a lack of water won’t be as significant even in a drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Driving the story: \u003c/strong>The new rules are required because former Gov. Jerry Brown signed two laws \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/conservation_portal/docs/enrolled_ab1668_sb606.pdf\">in 2018\u003c/a> after California went through a five-year drought. The rules would also help realize water savings outlined in the state’s\u003ca href=\"https://resources.ca.gov/-/media/CNRA-Website/Files/Initiatives/Water-Resilience/CA-Water-Supply-Strategy.pdf\"> water supply strategy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More on California Water ","tag":"california-water"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What you need to know: \u003c/strong>Beginning in 2027, big cities and water districts will likely be required to develop a water-use budget yearly. The rules also would give water suppliers an additional five years to curb outdoor water use and extend meeting total reductions to 2040. Failure to do so could result in fines for failing to meet conservation targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The opposing view: \u003c/strong>Some environmentalists aren’t happy about the revisions. By giving water providers less stringent standards and more time to comply, they argue Californians will continue to waste water and won’t save enough for dry times. Opponents also believe the regulations would result in higher water rates for low-income people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s next:\u003c/strong> The State Water Resources Control Board is taking public comment through March 27 and will likely vote on the regulations in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The bottom line: \u003c/strong>California water leaders want Californians to save more water, even in wet years, but want to ease water-saving requirements for urban water suppliers. The rules would also give water providers an extra five years to reduce outdoor irrigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1991979/california-eases-urban-water-use-rules-as-residents-still-urged-to-conserve","authors":["11746"],"categories":["science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_3905","science_4417","science_4414","science_2360","science_876"],"featImg":"science_1991988","label":"science"},"science_1926123":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1926123","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1926123","score":null,"sort":[1529528429000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-limits-daily-personal-water-use-to-55-gallons-kind-of","title":"California Limits Daily Personal Water Use to 55 Gallons – Kind Of","publishDate":1529528429,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Limits Daily Personal Water Use to 55 Gallons – Kind Of | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>California has always been America’s leader on environmental policy, and water is no exception. So it was hardly surprising when the state made headlines across the nation in early June with a new policy on residential water use: Californians will be limited to 55 gallons per person per day for their indoor water needs.[contextly_sidebar id=”4LIGCSZt3yBkPhP2SQCUqODKQ2LzbkBs”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule is apparently the first of its kind in the nation. But lost in the excitement is the fact that water agencies have no way to measure how much water their customers use indoors. Homes have only one water meter, and it provides no information about where water is used or for what purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In reality, it turns out, the 55-gallon limit is not a limit at all. It is merely an aspirational target meant to motivate customers to conserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The statewide indoor water use standard is not enforceable on individual water users,” said Dave Bolland, director of state regulatory relations at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.acwa.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Association of California Water Agencies\u003c/a>. “There is no provision [in the law] that requires individual households to meet a specific water use target.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2018/05/31/governor-brown-signs-legislation-establishing-statewide-water-efficiency-goals/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pair of new laws\u003c/a> that enacted the 55-gallon target, Assembly Bill 1668 and Senate Bill 606, set it as a goal that water utilities must meet by averaging across all their customers. Water agencies must create a “water budget,” aggregated across their entire service area, that includes indoor water consumption, water applied for landscape irrigation, commercial and industrial use and water lost due to system leakage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overarching goal is to create a culture of permanent water conservation, and to sustain the progress made by emergency measures during California’s five-year drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even in the new aggregated water budgets, utilities have no way to know for sure how much total water is being used indoors by their customers. They’ll be guessing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And water agencies are not required to ensure indoor water use hits the 55-gallon target, even as a system-wide average. Utilities only face a threat of fines by the state if they fail to live within their total water budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 3000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180620080323/846443671.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"3000\" height=\"2032\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rachel Garza, a water conservation technician with the East Bay Municipal Utility District, inspects a sprinkler system during a water conservation audit in Walnut Creek, California, in 2015. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It will be up to the local urban water suppliers to determine how to meet these aggregate water budgets,” Bolland said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if the 55-gallon limit is not really a limit, and nobody even knows if it’s being met, what good is it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups supported the 55-gallon target as a public education tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the reason the number is important is because it does provide a barometer against which to measure water usage,” said Sara Aminzadeh, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"https://cacoastkeeper.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Coastkeeper Alliance\u003c/a>. “There’s a public awareness benefit. But I still would say the legislation is somewhat of a missed opportunity to make some deeper water conservation and efficiency gains.”[contextly_sidebar id=”vcGILrPzwoiA8mYpItstPFrvxkXsjhuk”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason, she said, is that 55 gallons is probably too generous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During California’s recent five-year drought, a number of cities reduced total residential water consumption well below 55 gallons per person per day. And that included landscape irrigation. Examples include San Francisco and Santa Cruz. Granted, these are coastal cities with mild climates, well-established water conservation campaigns and receptive citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But per person indoor water use, by itself, probably doesn’t vary much across the state. Everyone needs more or less the same amount of water for bathing, cooking and cleaning. This is especially true with the broad adoption of water-efficient appliances and fixtures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does vary a lot is outdoor water use, because it depends on individual landscaping choices and local microclimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel that [55 gallons] is a standard that 90 percent of water suppliers are likely already meeting,” Aminzadeh said. “I don’t want to diminish the benefit of this legislation. It’s great to see permanent water conservation legislation. But at the same time, I’m looking at a climate emergency around water scarcity issues, and really asking: Did we go far enough, and could we go further?”[contextly_sidebar id=”kIKyNbo8lCGrAw9uTQzhVUC5hHkzSFuE”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new legislation does require the target to be ratcheted downward, to 52.5 gallons in 2025, then 50 gallons in 2030. It also requires the state’s Department of Water Resources and Water Resources Control Board to analyze progress on indoor water conservation, and report back to the legislature in 2021 with any recommendations to shrink the standard. So, if progress indicates the target should be lower, there’s a process to make it happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another issue overlooked in the excitement about the 55-gallon target is the fact that water budgets create a new record-keeping headache for water utilities. This is one reason the Association of California Water Agencies and a number of individual water utilities opposed the legislation. They support continued conservation progress, Bolland said, but they don’t want the state telling them how to conserve water, because every region has unique conservation priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sdcwa.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Diego County Water Authority\u003c/a>, which opposed the legislation, one priority is economic growth. Dana Friehauf, the utility’s water resources manager, said her agency was concerned draconian conservation rules handed down by the state could discourage commercial and industrial businesses from locating in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the aggregated water budgets, rather than a strict indoor or commercial requirement, give water agencies the flexibility they need to comply. But it still won’t be easy, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted to make sure whatever this objective is, it doesn’t harm the continued economic growth within our region,” she said. “It’s up to the water agency to decide how they want to achieve the savings. They could decide they want to achieve all the savings outdoors. It just depends.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/06/20/california-limits-daily-personal-water-use-to-55-gallons-kind-of\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The state’s new per capita limit on indoor water use is groundbreaking, but there is no practical way to enforce it. Rather, it is intended to inspire more conservation and guide larger efforts by water utilities.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927782,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":1063},"headData":{"title":"California Limits Daily Personal Water Use to 55 Gallons – Kind Of | KQED","description":"The state’s new per capita limit on indoor water use is groundbreaking, but there is no practical way to enforce it. Rather, it is intended to inspire more conservation and guide larger efforts by water utilities.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Water","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Matt Weiser\u003cbr />Water Deeply","path":"/science/1926123/california-limits-daily-personal-water-use-to-55-gallons-kind-of","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California has always been America’s leader on environmental policy, and water is no exception. So it was hardly surprising when the state made headlines across the nation in early June with a new policy on residential water use: Californians will be limited to 55 gallons per person per day for their indoor water needs.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule is apparently the first of its kind in the nation. But lost in the excitement is the fact that water agencies have no way to measure how much water their customers use indoors. Homes have only one water meter, and it provides no information about where water is used or for what purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In reality, it turns out, the 55-gallon limit is not a limit at all. It is merely an aspirational target meant to motivate customers to conserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The statewide indoor water use standard is not enforceable on individual water users,” said Dave Bolland, director of state regulatory relations at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.acwa.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Association of California Water Agencies\u003c/a>. “There is no provision [in the law] that requires individual households to meet a specific water use target.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2018/05/31/governor-brown-signs-legislation-establishing-statewide-water-efficiency-goals/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pair of new laws\u003c/a> that enacted the 55-gallon target, Assembly Bill 1668 and Senate Bill 606, set it as a goal that water utilities must meet by averaging across all their customers. Water agencies must create a “water budget,” aggregated across their entire service area, that includes indoor water consumption, water applied for landscape irrigation, commercial and industrial use and water lost due to system leakage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overarching goal is to create a culture of permanent water conservation, and to sustain the progress made by emergency measures during California’s five-year drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even in the new aggregated water budgets, utilities have no way to know for sure how much total water is being used indoors by their customers. They’ll be guessing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And water agencies are not required to ensure indoor water use hits the 55-gallon target, even as a system-wide average. Utilities only face a threat of fines by the state if they fail to live within their total water budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 3000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180620080323/846443671.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"3000\" height=\"2032\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rachel Garza, a water conservation technician with the East Bay Municipal Utility District, inspects a sprinkler system during a water conservation audit in Walnut Creek, California, in 2015. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It will be up to the local urban water suppliers to determine how to meet these aggregate water budgets,” Bolland said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if the 55-gallon limit is not really a limit, and nobody even knows if it’s being met, what good is it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups supported the 55-gallon target as a public education tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the reason the number is important is because it does provide a barometer against which to measure water usage,” said Sara Aminzadeh, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"https://cacoastkeeper.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Coastkeeper Alliance\u003c/a>. “There’s a public awareness benefit. But I still would say the legislation is somewhat of a missed opportunity to make some deeper water conservation and efficiency gains.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason, she said, is that 55 gallons is probably too generous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During California’s recent five-year drought, a number of cities reduced total residential water consumption well below 55 gallons per person per day. And that included landscape irrigation. Examples include San Francisco and Santa Cruz. Granted, these are coastal cities with mild climates, well-established water conservation campaigns and receptive citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But per person indoor water use, by itself, probably doesn’t vary much across the state. Everyone needs more or less the same amount of water for bathing, cooking and cleaning. This is especially true with the broad adoption of water-efficient appliances and fixtures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does vary a lot is outdoor water use, because it depends on individual landscaping choices and local microclimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel that [55 gallons] is a standard that 90 percent of water suppliers are likely already meeting,” Aminzadeh said. “I don’t want to diminish the benefit of this legislation. It’s great to see permanent water conservation legislation. But at the same time, I’m looking at a climate emergency around water scarcity issues, and really asking: Did we go far enough, and could we go further?”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new legislation does require the target to be ratcheted downward, to 52.5 gallons in 2025, then 50 gallons in 2030. It also requires the state’s Department of Water Resources and Water Resources Control Board to analyze progress on indoor water conservation, and report back to the legislature in 2021 with any recommendations to shrink the standard. So, if progress indicates the target should be lower, there’s a process to make it happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another issue overlooked in the excitement about the 55-gallon target is the fact that water budgets create a new record-keeping headache for water utilities. This is one reason the Association of California Water Agencies and a number of individual water utilities opposed the legislation. They support continued conservation progress, Bolland said, but they don’t want the state telling them how to conserve water, because every region has unique conservation priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sdcwa.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Diego County Water Authority\u003c/a>, which opposed the legislation, one priority is economic growth. Dana Friehauf, the utility’s water resources manager, said her agency was concerned draconian conservation rules handed down by the state could discourage commercial and industrial businesses from locating in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the aggregated water budgets, rather than a strict indoor or commercial requirement, give water agencies the flexibility they need to comply. But it still won’t be easy, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted to make sure whatever this objective is, it doesn’t harm the continued economic growth within our region,” she said. “It’s up to the water agency to decide how they want to achieve the savings. They could decide they want to achieve all the savings outdoors. It just depends.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/06/20/california-limits-daily-personal-water-use-to-55-gallons-kind-of\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1926123/california-limits-daily-personal-water-use-to-55-gallons-kind-of","authors":["byline_science_1926123"],"categories":["science_31","science_89","science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_572","science_460","science_192","science_201","science_876"],"featImg":"science_1926125","label":"source_science_1926123"},"science_1925354":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1925354","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1925354","score":null,"sort":[1528398001000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"new-data-shows-how-much-water-california-cities-should-use","title":"New Data Shows How Much Water California Cities Should Use","publishDate":1528398001,"format":"standard","headTitle":"New Data Shows How Much Water California Cities Should Use | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"start\">The relatively dry \u003c/span>2017-18 winter in California resurfaced recent memories of drought conservation mandates. From 2013-16, urban water utilities complied with voluntary, then mandatory, water use limits as part of \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/5.9.16_Attested_Drought_Order.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Executive Order B-37-16\u003c/a>. Urban water utilities met a statewide 25 percent conservation target, helping the state weather severe \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.ppic.org/publication/building-drought-resilience-californias-cities-suburbs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drought\u003c/a>. Winter rains in 2016-17 led to a reprieve from mandatory conservation. Freed from statewide requirements, urban water agencies ended mandatory cutbacks by meeting “stress tests” that included several years of secured water supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A useful outcome of the 2013-17 drought period was long-needed \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/conservation_portal/conservation_reporting.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reporting data\u003c/a> on monthly urban water use and conservation. This reporting has continued, creating a growing repository for measuring trends. The data helps understand how much water California cities actually use, including trends over time, across geography and seasonal differences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But importantly, can it help understand how much water California cities should use? Some analysis of the water conservation reporting data, coupled with recent research, lends a few clues to this more complex question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Seasonal and Geographic Differences in Water Use\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent water use totals through the end of 2017 show that cities in many parts of the state \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/conservation_portal/docs/2018feb/fs020618.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">continue to use less water\u003c/a> compared to 2013, but not as efficiently as during drought. There were a few exceptions, including the South Coast, where 59 percent of utilities reported increases compared to the similar period in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But examining trends over time and space is instructive. Some localities continued high, even ostentatious, rates of water use. In addition, seasonal differences are evident. Drier months see much higher per capita water use due to outdoor irrigation, as shown in graphics via the Pacific Institute’s water use \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://pacinst.org/publication/interactive-map-of-californias-urban-water-use/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">webmap\u003c/a>. But winter irrigation can be just as important. Moving toward urban landscapes with no winter irrigation requirements can be as effective as limiting summer irrigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Benchmarking Per Capita Consumption\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many cities in California have higher rates of water use than \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000225\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">counterparts in other countries\u003c/a>. But what does a target of 100 gallons per person per day (total use) actually mean for urban life?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2016 executive order sought to address this question in part by requiring state agencies to develop water use budgets based on specified targets of indoor use, commercial and industrial needs, and outdoor irrigation. This effort is continuing. But water use budgets themselves do not reveal the implications of various per capita targets, especially for outdoor needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Could a city in coastal Southern California, for instance, exist with 80 gallons per capita per day of total use? What would this mean for its plants, trees and landscapes? How would the effects change in the San Francisco Bay Area or the Central Valley? Urban ecology research demonstrates that plants and trees often show \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/09-1717.1/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">distinct and varying physiological characteristics\u003c/a> and water use trends in cities, owing to irrigation habits, climate and other factors. Such emerging knowledge must help inform practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_130863\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-130863\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180516014832/FL_State_Fair-75821.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California Department of Water Resources displays water efficient gardens and step-by-step examples of how to replace grass turf in the Kaiser Permanente Farm at the California State Fair in Sacramento, California, July 8, 2016. (California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>In Los Angeles, for example, \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://ascelibrary.org/doi/full/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000803\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research\u003c/a> used \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.waterhub.ucla.edu/slides/2_NSFTAC_Landscape_072417.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">experimental data for species-specific tree and lawn water use\u003c/a> to estimate outdoor water use budgets and associated effects of conservation on trees and plants. Across metropolitan \u003cspan class=\"caps\">L.A\u003c/span>,, an estimated target of 80-100 gallons per capita per day could support trees and low water landscapes, along with current residential and commercial needs, while also allowing for significant cutbacks in imported water. More aggressive conservation at the lower end of that range would require long-term conversion of the existing tree canopy to low-water and drought tolerant species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Urban Yards as a Resource\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well-designed urban yards can support important plant and animal species, but residents need better tools, information, and guidelines on soil and irrigation practices. \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204614000917\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Outdoor landscapes\u003c/a> constitute 50 percent of total urban water use in many areas. Water utilities increasingly fund replacement of lawns as a way to promote long-term conservation. But most programs do not require resultant landscapes with ecological diversity and native plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.ioes.ucla.edu/publication/evaluating-effects-turf-replacement-programs-los-angeles-county/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research\u003c/a> from Los Angeles indicates that, even in the absence of such requirements, turf replacement can yield more diverse landscapes. Urban utilities with ecologists on staff can better ensure turf replacement that supports biodiversity, native vegetation and trees. Some examples, such as the City of Long Beach’s turf replacement program, offer useful \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://lblawntogarden.com/free-designs-ideas/free-design-with-plants-list/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">guidance for residents\u003c/a>. Resources such as the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.calflora.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Calflora\u003c/a> database of native California plants and Cal-Poly’s Urban Forest Ecosystem Institute \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://selectree.calpoly.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tree selection guide\u003c/a> are excellent statewide resources. But improving native and drought-tolerant plant selections in California’s urban \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204613000996\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nurseries\u003c/a>would allow residents to translate such information into practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Use in an Era of Big Data\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Urban water use trends are usefully understood when consumption data is \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://wp.iwaponline.com/content/16/6/1054\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">linked\u003c/a> with other data sets, including United States Census data, county property tax records and climate trends. This allows for high-resolution analysis that informs investments and rate-setting procedures. Some examples of innovative data initiatives exist, including the California Data Collaborative. Such tools have cascading benefits for planning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide efforts around water data are ramping up, but the state’s fragmented system of water governance inhibits broader analysis. Moreover, high-detail water use data is difficult to obtain. More accessible data across residential, commercial, industrial and institutional properties is essential for improving management. Linking and publishing this data is an important step for promoting 21st century, data-driven urban water polices in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Responsibility at Many Levels\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both water utilities and residents are essential participants in continued conservation. Utilities must retool finances to stabilize revenues given long-term conservation. Additionally, they must better engage residents and community organizations in promoting culture change. But residents also have responsibilities. Building social capital is key. Community-based organizations help engage residents in this task. For example, the \u003cspan class=\"caps\">L.A.\u003c/span> River Project with its \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.theriverproject.org/water-la-2018-report\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Water \u003cspan class=\"caps\">L.A\u003c/span>\u003c/a>. program engages residents in remaking landscapes for dual goals drought-tolerance and stormwater management. The \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.sactree.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sacramento Tree Foundation\u003c/a> and \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.treepeople.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TreePeople\u003c/a> are additional examples of community-based groups effectively bridging gaps between residents and utilities. Water agencies that meaningfully engage community groups will be better positioned to promote long-term conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the popularity and continued growth of California’s cities, along with the inevitability of drought, urban water conservation will need to continue. Implementing policies to promote equitable conservation, which also supports cities where we want to live, is a challenge that an innovative California is capable of tackling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Erik Porse is a research engineer in the Office of Water Programs at \u003c/em>\u003cem>California State University-Sacramento and a visiting assistant researcher at the University of California, Los Angeles.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2018/05/17/how-much-water-should-california-cities-use-new-data-could-help\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list. \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ci>This story first appeared on \u003c/i>\u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://californiawaterblog.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>California Water Blog\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>, published by the University of California, Davis Center for Watershed Sciences.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003ci>The views expressed in this article belong to the author and do not necessarily reflect the editorial policy of Water Deeply.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California has learned a lot since the last drought about how much water urban areas are using, but research engineer Erik Porse examines whether it can help answer the complex question about how much water should be used.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927837,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":1251},"headData":{"title":"New Data Shows How Much Water California Cities Should Use | KQED","description":"California has learned a lot since the last drought about how much water urban areas are using, but research engineer Erik Porse examines whether it can help answer the complex question about how much water should be used.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Water","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Erik Porse\u003cbr />Water Deeply","path":"/science/1925354/new-data-shows-how-much-water-california-cities-should-use","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"start\">The relatively dry \u003c/span>2017-18 winter in California resurfaced recent memories of drought conservation mandates. From 2013-16, urban water utilities complied with voluntary, then mandatory, water use limits as part of \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/5.9.16_Attested_Drought_Order.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Executive Order B-37-16\u003c/a>. Urban water utilities met a statewide 25 percent conservation target, helping the state weather severe \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.ppic.org/publication/building-drought-resilience-californias-cities-suburbs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drought\u003c/a>. Winter rains in 2016-17 led to a reprieve from mandatory conservation. Freed from statewide requirements, urban water agencies ended mandatory cutbacks by meeting “stress tests” that included several years of secured water supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A useful outcome of the 2013-17 drought period was long-needed \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/conservation_portal/conservation_reporting.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reporting data\u003c/a> on monthly urban water use and conservation. This reporting has continued, creating a growing repository for measuring trends. The data helps understand how much water California cities actually use, including trends over time, across geography and seasonal differences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But importantly, can it help understand how much water California cities should use? Some analysis of the water conservation reporting data, coupled with recent research, lends a few clues to this more complex question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Seasonal and Geographic Differences in Water Use\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent water use totals through the end of 2017 show that cities in many parts of the state \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/conservation_portal/docs/2018feb/fs020618.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">continue to use less water\u003c/a> compared to 2013, but not as efficiently as during drought. There were a few exceptions, including the South Coast, where 59 percent of utilities reported increases compared to the similar period in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But examining trends over time and space is instructive. Some localities continued high, even ostentatious, rates of water use. In addition, seasonal differences are evident. Drier months see much higher per capita water use due to outdoor irrigation, as shown in graphics via the Pacific Institute’s water use \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://pacinst.org/publication/interactive-map-of-californias-urban-water-use/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">webmap\u003c/a>. But winter irrigation can be just as important. Moving toward urban landscapes with no winter irrigation requirements can be as effective as limiting summer irrigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Benchmarking Per Capita Consumption\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many cities in California have higher rates of water use than \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000225\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">counterparts in other countries\u003c/a>. But what does a target of 100 gallons per person per day (total use) actually mean for urban life?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2016 executive order sought to address this question in part by requiring state agencies to develop water use budgets based on specified targets of indoor use, commercial and industrial needs, and outdoor irrigation. This effort is continuing. But water use budgets themselves do not reveal the implications of various per capita targets, especially for outdoor needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Could a city in coastal Southern California, for instance, exist with 80 gallons per capita per day of total use? What would this mean for its plants, trees and landscapes? How would the effects change in the San Francisco Bay Area or the Central Valley? Urban ecology research demonstrates that plants and trees often show \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/09-1717.1/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">distinct and varying physiological characteristics\u003c/a> and water use trends in cities, owing to irrigation habits, climate and other factors. Such emerging knowledge must help inform practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_130863\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-130863\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180516014832/FL_State_Fair-75821.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California Department of Water Resources displays water efficient gardens and step-by-step examples of how to replace grass turf in the Kaiser Permanente Farm at the California State Fair in Sacramento, California, July 8, 2016. (California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>In Los Angeles, for example, \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://ascelibrary.org/doi/full/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000803\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research\u003c/a> used \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.waterhub.ucla.edu/slides/2_NSFTAC_Landscape_072417.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">experimental data for species-specific tree and lawn water use\u003c/a> to estimate outdoor water use budgets and associated effects of conservation on trees and plants. Across metropolitan \u003cspan class=\"caps\">L.A\u003c/span>,, an estimated target of 80-100 gallons per capita per day could support trees and low water landscapes, along with current residential and commercial needs, while also allowing for significant cutbacks in imported water. More aggressive conservation at the lower end of that range would require long-term conversion of the existing tree canopy to low-water and drought tolerant species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Urban Yards as a Resource\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well-designed urban yards can support important plant and animal species, but residents need better tools, information, and guidelines on soil and irrigation practices. \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204614000917\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Outdoor landscapes\u003c/a> constitute 50 percent of total urban water use in many areas. Water utilities increasingly fund replacement of lawns as a way to promote long-term conservation. But most programs do not require resultant landscapes with ecological diversity and native plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.ioes.ucla.edu/publication/evaluating-effects-turf-replacement-programs-los-angeles-county/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research\u003c/a> from Los Angeles indicates that, even in the absence of such requirements, turf replacement can yield more diverse landscapes. Urban utilities with ecologists on staff can better ensure turf replacement that supports biodiversity, native vegetation and trees. Some examples, such as the City of Long Beach’s turf replacement program, offer useful \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://lblawntogarden.com/free-designs-ideas/free-design-with-plants-list/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">guidance for residents\u003c/a>. Resources such as the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.calflora.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Calflora\u003c/a> database of native California plants and Cal-Poly’s Urban Forest Ecosystem Institute \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://selectree.calpoly.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tree selection guide\u003c/a> are excellent statewide resources. But improving native and drought-tolerant plant selections in California’s urban \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204613000996\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nurseries\u003c/a>would allow residents to translate such information into practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Use in an Era of Big Data\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Urban water use trends are usefully understood when consumption data is \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://wp.iwaponline.com/content/16/6/1054\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">linked\u003c/a> with other data sets, including United States Census data, county property tax records and climate trends. This allows for high-resolution analysis that informs investments and rate-setting procedures. Some examples of innovative data initiatives exist, including the California Data Collaborative. Such tools have cascading benefits for planning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide efforts around water data are ramping up, but the state’s fragmented system of water governance inhibits broader analysis. Moreover, high-detail water use data is difficult to obtain. More accessible data across residential, commercial, industrial and institutional properties is essential for improving management. Linking and publishing this data is an important step for promoting 21st century, data-driven urban water polices in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Responsibility at Many Levels\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both water utilities and residents are essential participants in continued conservation. Utilities must retool finances to stabilize revenues given long-term conservation. Additionally, they must better engage residents and community organizations in promoting culture change. But residents also have responsibilities. Building social capital is key. Community-based organizations help engage residents in this task. For example, the \u003cspan class=\"caps\">L.A.\u003c/span> River Project with its \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.theriverproject.org/water-la-2018-report\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Water \u003cspan class=\"caps\">L.A\u003c/span>\u003c/a>. program engages residents in remaking landscapes for dual goals drought-tolerance and stormwater management. The \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.sactree.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sacramento Tree Foundation\u003c/a> and \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.treepeople.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TreePeople\u003c/a> are additional examples of community-based groups effectively bridging gaps between residents and utilities. Water agencies that meaningfully engage community groups will be better positioned to promote long-term conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the popularity and continued growth of California’s cities, along with the inevitability of drought, urban water conservation will need to continue. Implementing policies to promote equitable conservation, which also supports cities where we want to live, is a challenge that an innovative California is capable of tackling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Erik Porse is a research engineer in the Office of Water Programs at \u003c/em>\u003cem>California State University-Sacramento and a visiting assistant researcher at the University of California, Los Angeles.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2018/05/17/how-much-water-should-california-cities-use-new-data-could-help\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list. \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ci>This story first appeared on \u003c/i>\u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://californiawaterblog.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>California Water Blog\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>, published by the University of California, Davis Center for Watershed Sciences.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003ci>The views expressed in this article belong to the author and do not necessarily reflect the editorial policy of Water Deeply.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1925354/new-data-shows-how-much-water-california-cities-should-use","authors":["byline_science_1925354"],"categories":["science_89","science_98"],"tags":["science_5178","science_3626","science_572","science_201","science_876"],"featImg":"science_1923160","label":"source_science_1925354"},"science_1925181":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1925181","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1925181","score":null,"sort":[1528162902000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-cool-way-to-save-water-yes-water-paint-your-roof-white","title":"A 'Cool' Way to Save Water (Yes, Water): Paint Your Roof White","publishDate":1528162902,"format":"standard","headTitle":"A ‘Cool’ Way to Save Water (Yes, Water): Paint Your Roof White | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>A new study finds that light-colored rooftops can help California cities save water by requiring less of it for lawns and gardens.[contextly_sidebar id=”92g9vzOhhckJNr2TQDPLgmilZ91RPPTv”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2017/10/20/cool-roofs-water-saving-benefits/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent work \u003c/a>from researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, says that the widespread adoption of “cool roofs” could reduce outdoor water consumption by as much as 9 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-01346-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Nature Communications\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, marks the first body of research to look at the link between water and heat mitigation strategies in urban areas, says co-author Pouya Vahmani, a scientist at Berkeley Lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You might not do cool roofs just to save water, but it’s another previously unrecognized benefit of having cool roofs,” Vahmani \u003ca href=\"http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2017/10/20/cool-roofs-water-saving-benefits/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said\u003c/a> in a press release. “And from a water management standpoint, it’s an entirely different way of thinking – to manipulate the local climate in order to manipulate water demand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average temperature of cities with high concentrations of cool roofs can drop by 3 to 4 degrees, which,\u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/06/04/lawrence-berkeley-scientists-find-a-cool-way-to-save-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> as the Mercury News reports\u003c/a>, is enough to save cities like San Francisco from about 4 percent to more than 7 percent of the water used per person daily for landscaping needs.[contextly_sidebar id=”sKPpPyH7oieJoxWGRxUhUUnM8Cd2NAN4″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors calculate that a wholesale transition to cool roofs could cut water use by more than 9 percent (83 million gallons per day) in Los Angeles County and save more than 7 percent in Sacramento, San Francisco and San Bernardino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And cooler roofs are a pretty low-tech option, according to reporter Jeremy Rehm of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/06/04/lawrence-berkeley-scientists-find-a-cool-way-to-save-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Monterey Herald\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Turning a roof into a “cool” one requires specially reflective asphalt granules or a coat of white paint, which effectively drops the difference between roof temperature and the air around it to between 5 and 10 degrees rather than the scorching 50 degrees difference before. Installing “cool” structures such as these roofs, then, decreases heat build-up and, in turn, means lawns and gardens need less water because less of it will evaporate.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The concept, which could cost homeowners between $6,000 to $15,000, has its skeptics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think a single roof with asphalt containing reflective granules will do much,” Alex Bergeron, vice president of Teal City Roofing Inc. in San Jose, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/06/04/lawrence-berkeley-scientists-find-a-cool-way-to-save-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told\u003c/a> the Mercury News.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vahmani emphasizes that significant results would require widespread adoption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What was surprising was the significant amount of water being saved,” Vahmani said. “Our study gives cities another reason to consider widespread implementation of ‘cool’ roofs.”[contextly_sidebar id=”H5EPuleEsPUZZU7k3qjX7GmOAheeiubi”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, researchers say they want to expand their area of focus to agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“First we want to see how much climate change will increase water demand. Next will be to come up with strategies to counter that,” Vahmani said. “In urban areas, we’ll look at how cool roofs can ameliorate both extreme heat demand and irrigation demands associated with future warming. Whereas in agricultural areas, the strategies will have to do with irrigation technology and what kind of crops you’re growing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study is part of Berkeley Lab’s \u003ca href=\"https://newscenter.lbl.gov/2016/05/23/water-energy-nexus-new-focus-berkeley-lab-research/\">Water Resilience Initiative\u003c/a>, which focuses on the connections between water and energy use.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Rooftops that reflect heat result in urban areas using less water for landscaping needs, according to a new study that looks at the relationship between water and heat mitigation strategies.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927853,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":568},"headData":{"title":"A 'Cool' Way to Save Water (Yes, Water): Paint Your Roof White | KQED","description":"Rooftops that reflect heat result in urban areas using less water for landscaping needs, according to a new study that looks at the relationship between water and heat mitigation strategies.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Water","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1925181/a-cool-way-to-save-water-yes-water-paint-your-roof-white","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A new study finds that light-colored rooftops can help California cities save water by requiring less of it for lawns and gardens.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2017/10/20/cool-roofs-water-saving-benefits/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent work \u003c/a>from researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, says that the widespread adoption of “cool roofs” could reduce outdoor water consumption by as much as 9 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-01346-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Nature Communications\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, marks the first body of research to look at the link between water and heat mitigation strategies in urban areas, says co-author Pouya Vahmani, a scientist at Berkeley Lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You might not do cool roofs just to save water, but it’s another previously unrecognized benefit of having cool roofs,” Vahmani \u003ca href=\"http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2017/10/20/cool-roofs-water-saving-benefits/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said\u003c/a> in a press release. “And from a water management standpoint, it’s an entirely different way of thinking – to manipulate the local climate in order to manipulate water demand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average temperature of cities with high concentrations of cool roofs can drop by 3 to 4 degrees, which,\u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/06/04/lawrence-berkeley-scientists-find-a-cool-way-to-save-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> as the Mercury News reports\u003c/a>, is enough to save cities like San Francisco from about 4 percent to more than 7 percent of the water used per person daily for landscaping needs.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors calculate that a wholesale transition to cool roofs could cut water use by more than 9 percent (83 million gallons per day) in Los Angeles County and save more than 7 percent in Sacramento, San Francisco and San Bernardino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And cooler roofs are a pretty low-tech option, according to reporter Jeremy Rehm of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/06/04/lawrence-berkeley-scientists-find-a-cool-way-to-save-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Monterey Herald\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Turning a roof into a “cool” one requires specially reflective asphalt granules or a coat of white paint, which effectively drops the difference between roof temperature and the air around it to between 5 and 10 degrees rather than the scorching 50 degrees difference before. Installing “cool” structures such as these roofs, then, decreases heat build-up and, in turn, means lawns and gardens need less water because less of it will evaporate.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The concept, which could cost homeowners between $6,000 to $15,000, has its skeptics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think a single roof with asphalt containing reflective granules will do much,” Alex Bergeron, vice president of Teal City Roofing Inc. in San Jose, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/06/04/lawrence-berkeley-scientists-find-a-cool-way-to-save-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told\u003c/a> the Mercury News.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vahmani emphasizes that significant results would require widespread adoption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What was surprising was the significant amount of water being saved,” Vahmani said. “Our study gives cities another reason to consider widespread implementation of ‘cool’ roofs.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, researchers say they want to expand their area of focus to agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“First we want to see how much climate change will increase water demand. Next will be to come up with strategies to counter that,” Vahmani said. “In urban areas, we’ll look at how cool roofs can ameliorate both extreme heat demand and irrigation demands associated with future warming. Whereas in agricultural areas, the strategies will have to do with irrigation technology and what kind of crops you’re growing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study is part of Berkeley Lab’s \u003ca href=\"https://newscenter.lbl.gov/2016/05/23/water-energy-nexus-new-focus-berkeley-lab-research/\">Water Resilience Initiative\u003c/a>, which focuses on the connections between water and energy use.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1925181/a-cool-way-to-save-water-yes-water-paint-your-roof-white","authors":["11428"],"categories":["science_31","science_33","science_89","science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_572","science_134","science_460","science_5183","science_876"],"featImg":"science_1925187","label":"source_science_1925181"},"science_1924868":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1924868","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1924868","score":null,"sort":[1527880829000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"new-water-conservation-laws-will-limit-how-much-water-you-can-use","title":"New Water Conservation Laws May Limit How Much Water Cities Can Use","publishDate":1527880829,"format":"standard","headTitle":"New Water Conservation Laws May Limit How Much Water Cities Can Use | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Get ready to tighten those faucets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown signed a pair of bills into law on Thursday that create a framework for permanent statewide water efficiency standards, whether the state is in drought or not.[contextly_sidebar id=”4TcRMLsNwPNhYLFtMZj93EwOft3t4XqZ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In preparation for the next drought and our changing environment, we must use our precious resources wisely. We have efficiency goals for energy and cars — and now we have them for water,” said\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2018/05/31/governor-brown-signs-legislation-establishing-statewide-water-efficiency-goals/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Brown\u003c/a> in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new standards, which must be met by 2020, set limits on personal water use and require water providers to develop annual water budgets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The laws set an initial limit for indoor water use of 55 gallons per-person per-day in 2022, which gradually drops to 50 gallons per person by 2030. Just how consumers will be required to meet the goals remains unknown. — \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article211333594.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sacramento Bee\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/05/31/california-drought-jerry-brown-sets-permanent-water-conservation-rules-with-new-laws/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mercury News\u003c/a> reports that the new mandates are a response to pushback from water suppliers who complained about the strict standards enacted during the emergency drought period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The laws are a response to complaints from some water agencies that the mandatory water targets the Brown administration put in place during the drought were too inflexible and didn’t take into account local water supplies, population growth and other factors.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Californians used an average of 90 gallons of indoor and outdoor water per day in 2017, down from 109 gallons in 2013, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State Water Board\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some environmentalists expressed disappointment with the new standards, writes Paul Rogers for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/05/31/california-drought-jerry-brown-sets-permanent-water-conservation-rules-with-new-laws/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mercury News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Environmentalists like Sierra Club California said the rules didn’t go far enough. Of particular concern was a compromise inserted in the bill that allowed cities and water districts to get 15 percent credit on their water use totals if they produce certain types of recycled water.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>State regulators will conduct studies and consult with local districts to establish appropriate outdoor targets that take into account local needs, reports the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article211333594.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sacramento Bee.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The Department of Water Resources and State Water Resources Control Board will conduct studies and recommend standards for outdoor use by October 2021. State regulators will consult with local districts, recognizing differences in climate, water availability and demand across the state, to establish outdoor targets. Water districts that have already taken steps, such as recycling, to broaden their water supply could get more leeway even in dry conditions.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, Brown declared a state of emergency in response to the drought and the following year, temporary limits on water use were established. Those measures were lifted in \u003ca href=\"https://drought.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2016\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"New conservation rules set limits on personal water use and will require water districts to create annual targets.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927860,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":439},"headData":{"title":"New Water Conservation Laws May Limit How Much Water Cities Can Use | KQED","description":"New conservation rules set limits on personal water use and will require water districts to create annual targets.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Water","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1924868/new-water-conservation-laws-will-limit-how-much-water-you-can-use","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Get ready to tighten those faucets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown signed a pair of bills into law on Thursday that create a framework for permanent statewide water efficiency standards, whether the state is in drought or not.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In preparation for the next drought and our changing environment, we must use our precious resources wisely. We have efficiency goals for energy and cars — and now we have them for water,” said\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2018/05/31/governor-brown-signs-legislation-establishing-statewide-water-efficiency-goals/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Brown\u003c/a> in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new standards, which must be met by 2020, set limits on personal water use and require water providers to develop annual water budgets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The laws set an initial limit for indoor water use of 55 gallons per-person per-day in 2022, which gradually drops to 50 gallons per person by 2030. Just how consumers will be required to meet the goals remains unknown. — \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article211333594.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sacramento Bee\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/05/31/california-drought-jerry-brown-sets-permanent-water-conservation-rules-with-new-laws/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mercury News\u003c/a> reports that the new mandates are a response to pushback from water suppliers who complained about the strict standards enacted during the emergency drought period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The laws are a response to complaints from some water agencies that the mandatory water targets the Brown administration put in place during the drought were too inflexible and didn’t take into account local water supplies, population growth and other factors.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Californians used an average of 90 gallons of indoor and outdoor water per day in 2017, down from 109 gallons in 2013, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State Water Board\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some environmentalists expressed disappointment with the new standards, writes Paul Rogers for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/05/31/california-drought-jerry-brown-sets-permanent-water-conservation-rules-with-new-laws/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mercury News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Environmentalists like Sierra Club California said the rules didn’t go far enough. Of particular concern was a compromise inserted in the bill that allowed cities and water districts to get 15 percent credit on their water use totals if they produce certain types of recycled water.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>State regulators will conduct studies and consult with local districts to establish appropriate outdoor targets that take into account local needs, reports the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article211333594.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sacramento Bee.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The Department of Water Resources and State Water Resources Control Board will conduct studies and recommend standards for outdoor use by October 2021. State regulators will consult with local districts, recognizing differences in climate, water availability and demand across the state, to establish outdoor targets. Water districts that have already taken steps, such as recycling, to broaden their water supply could get more leeway even in dry conditions.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, Brown declared a state of emergency in response to the drought and the following year, temporary limits on water use were established. Those measures were lifted in \u003ca href=\"https://drought.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2016\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1924868/new-water-conservation-laws-will-limit-how-much-water-you-can-use","authors":["11428"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_1622","science_194","science_192","science_3370","science_101","science_876"],"featImg":"science_1924871","label":"source_science_1924868"},"science_1924858":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1924858","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1924858","score":null,"sort":[1527879632000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"new-device-produces-water-from-thin-air-no-electricity-required","title":"New Device Produces Water From Thin Air – No Electricity Required","publishDate":1527879632,"format":"standard","headTitle":"New Device Produces Water From Thin Air – No Electricity Required | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>Water is all around us. The only problem is that it remains trapped in the atmosphere until the right conditions release it as rain or snow. Now Omar Yaghi, a chemistry professor at the University of California, Berkeley, has helped find a way to grab that water anytime we need it.[contextly_sidebar id=”jZqUvbaxIN6rPVRN01a7iN2wQRrdTyCR”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://yaghi.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Yaghi\u003c/a> says it is possible using something called a metal-organic framework (MOF). This is basically a sponge-like compound that looks like sand to the naked eye, and which is extremely dense. Depending on the materials involved, the MOF can be constructed to harvest different chemicals, from industrial emissions to natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yaghi and his team at U.C. Berkeley found that a metal-organic framework that includes the element zirconium will capture water out of the air at night, store it, then release it during the daytime upon exposure to the heat of sunlight – no electricity needed. They collaborated with researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to build the water-collecting device and are working to develop a version with the capacity to serve a single-family home at a competitive price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other devices are capable of capturing water from the air in humid environments, like so-called “\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2016/11/18/africa/fog-catchers-morocco/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">fog catchers\u003c/a>” tested successfully around the world. What makes their invention so remarkable is that it works especially well in arid environments, like those that exist throughout the West. Water Deeply recently interviewed Yaghi to learn more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: What was your inspiration for this water-harvesting device?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180531032025/yaghi_1200-11.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"308\">\u003cfigcaption>Omar Yaghi, a chemistry professor at the University of California, Berkeley, has found a way to extract water from the air with the use of ambient sunlight. (Photo Courtesy UC Berkeley)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Omar Yaghi: We were actually studying the trapping of carbon dioxide using metal-organic frameworks from post-combustion gases, which include water. Water presents a challenge since it competes with carbon dioxide for the adsorptive sites in the pores of MOFs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We noticed that some MOFs exhibit a unique uptake of water. A highly cooperative phenomenon seems to dominate the uptake and result in a sharp water permeation of the MOF at very low relative humidity. In essence, inside these MOFs, one has solid water in hot weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: And once inside the MOF, how do you get the water out?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yaghi: To get the water out, as the goal is liquid water, one simply needs to heat the materials to a mere 45C (113F). This is the temperature [needed] inside the enclosed device, which can be a lot higher than the ambient outdoor temperature – similar to the greenhouse effect. This provides enough energy to break those weak bonds and release the water from the pores. This was very surprising, but also exciting. It meant that certain MOFs can be used to trap water from the atmosphere especially in arid climates, and then be released easily for collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, we quickly realized that the only way to accelerate the development of this water-harvesting technology is through worldwide collaborations and competitions. Before that can happen, the world needs to visualize this chemistry in action first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: And how did you make that happen?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yaghi: We teamed up with mechanical engineers to design and build a simple harvester around the MOFs. Together with our collaborators, we demonstrated that a MOF-based device is capable of delivering clean water even in typical desert climates. Remarkably, the device operates without any power input, aside from ambient sunlight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The MOF is exposed to the atmosphere, bringing water from dry air into its pores and concentrating it. Then, upon enclosing the MOF into a container, which is exposed to sunlight, the container heats up and water is released from the MOF into the container as high humidity. This, in turn, is condensed by virtue of the temperature difference between the warm interior of the container and room temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water harvester works passively and can be placed in the desert to trap water at night and release it during the day when the temperature rises. This technology has just been \u003ca href=\"https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/06/these-are-the-top-10-emerging-technologies-of-2017/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">showcased\u003c/a> at the 2017 World Economic Forum as one of the top 10 emerging technologies to change the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Can you briefly describe how a metal-organic framework works, and what it looks like?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yaghi: Metal-organic frameworks are materials made by stitching together organic and inorganic units into porous frameworks, which can have extremely high internal surface areas. One gram of a MOF the size of a sugar cube has an internal surface area equivalent to an entire football field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180531031910/MOF-Picture-31.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\">A magnified image of a metal-organic framework of the sort that Omar Yaghi developed to harvest water from the air. (Photo Courtesy Omar Yaghi)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>This high surface area ensures high capacity for the captured water. The ability to modify the pores chemically by changing the chemical characteristics, and physically by changing the pore size and shape, leads to MOFs tailored for specific functions such as water capture, carbon dioxide capture and conversion to fuels, methane storage for automobile fuel tanks and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MOFs are solids which appear to the naked eye no different than sand, where each granule is riddled with holes into which gases and molecules of interest can be selected, brought in and compacted, making it possible to store voluminous amounts of gases in smaller containers. However, if you look at the MOF crystals under the microscope, many of them can be quite beautiful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Will it harvest water in all types of climates, or only desert environments?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yaghi: There are over 70,000 different MOFs made to date, and each MOF has its own unique function and capability. We can design and make different MOFs capable of such efficient water uptake at humidity levels as low as 5 percent and as high as 80 percent. I believe the necessary temperature inside the device (113F) can be achievable in many regions other than the deserts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deepy: Does the water need to be made potable after being harvested?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yaghi: No, the water being harvested is clean and pure. It is no different than rain water or distilled water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: How large would this device have to be to serve an average home?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yaghi: We are currently working on the next generation MOF water-harvester. I think after further improvement, a MOF water harvester the size of a washing machine could satisfy the most basic needs of a household.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Do you envision a time when a device like this becomes commonplace on homes? How long might that take?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yaghi: Yes, my vision is to achieve “personalized water,” where people have a device at home running on ambient solar, delivering water that will satisfy the needs of a household. There are certainly many advances still required to bring this technology to the kind of utility and accessibility to make his vision come true. Nevertheless with our invention, it is very possible now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Is it possible to scale this up to serve, say, an apartment building or even a small farm?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yaghi: Yes. Our research team at U.C. Berkeley is going to unveil very soon a next-generation MOF water harvester that is larger in scale and of higher efficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: I gather you’re also developing a cheaper version using aluminum instead of zirconium. What is the current cost of the device? And what might the cost be for a residential-sized unit once it’s market ready?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>Yaghi: It is very difficult to say precisely how much it will cost at this point, but I am confident it will be relatively inexpensive because the major components are plastic and the MOF. In our next-generation MOF water-harvesting system, which is going to be published in early June, we have replaced the copper mesh of the device with much cheaper materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, we are going to introduce an aluminum-based MOF that can deliver more than twice the amount of water but at the same time is at least 150 times cheaper than the zirconium-based MOF. The progress of innovation of this technology is fast, and the cost is going down every day. I believe in two to three years, this water-harvesting technology will be ready for commercial production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2018/05/31/new-device-produces-water-from-thin-air-no-electricity-required\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfooter class=\"clear\">\n\u003csection>\u003c/section>\n\u003c/footer>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Omar Yaghi of the University of California, Berkeley, helped invent a sponge-like metal compound that harvests water molecules out of the atmosphere at night and then releases it as a liquid upon exposure to sunlight.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927861,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":35,"wordCount":1430},"headData":{"title":"New Device Produces Water From Thin Air – No Electricity Required | KQED","description":"Omar Yaghi of the University of California, Berkeley, helped invent a sponge-like metal compound that harvests water molecules out of the atmosphere at night and then releases it as a liquid upon exposure to sunlight.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Water","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Matt Weiser\u003cbr />Water Deeply","path":"/science/1924858/new-device-produces-water-from-thin-air-no-electricity-required","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>Water is all around us. The only problem is that it remains trapped in the atmosphere until the right conditions release it as rain or snow. Now Omar Yaghi, a chemistry professor at the University of California, Berkeley, has helped find a way to grab that water anytime we need it.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://yaghi.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Yaghi\u003c/a> says it is possible using something called a metal-organic framework (MOF). This is basically a sponge-like compound that looks like sand to the naked eye, and which is extremely dense. Depending on the materials involved, the MOF can be constructed to harvest different chemicals, from industrial emissions to natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yaghi and his team at U.C. Berkeley found that a metal-organic framework that includes the element zirconium will capture water out of the air at night, store it, then release it during the daytime upon exposure to the heat of sunlight – no electricity needed. They collaborated with researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to build the water-collecting device and are working to develop a version with the capacity to serve a single-family home at a competitive price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other devices are capable of capturing water from the air in humid environments, like so-called “\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2016/11/18/africa/fog-catchers-morocco/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">fog catchers\u003c/a>” tested successfully around the world. What makes their invention so remarkable is that it works especially well in arid environments, like those that exist throughout the West. Water Deeply recently interviewed Yaghi to learn more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: What was your inspiration for this water-harvesting device?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180531032025/yaghi_1200-11.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"308\">\u003cfigcaption>Omar Yaghi, a chemistry professor at the University of California, Berkeley, has found a way to extract water from the air with the use of ambient sunlight. (Photo Courtesy UC Berkeley)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Omar Yaghi: We were actually studying the trapping of carbon dioxide using metal-organic frameworks from post-combustion gases, which include water. Water presents a challenge since it competes with carbon dioxide for the adsorptive sites in the pores of MOFs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We noticed that some MOFs exhibit a unique uptake of water. A highly cooperative phenomenon seems to dominate the uptake and result in a sharp water permeation of the MOF at very low relative humidity. In essence, inside these MOFs, one has solid water in hot weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: And once inside the MOF, how do you get the water out?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yaghi: To get the water out, as the goal is liquid water, one simply needs to heat the materials to a mere 45C (113F). This is the temperature [needed] inside the enclosed device, which can be a lot higher than the ambient outdoor temperature – similar to the greenhouse effect. This provides enough energy to break those weak bonds and release the water from the pores. This was very surprising, but also exciting. It meant that certain MOFs can be used to trap water from the atmosphere especially in arid climates, and then be released easily for collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, we quickly realized that the only way to accelerate the development of this water-harvesting technology is through worldwide collaborations and competitions. Before that can happen, the world needs to visualize this chemistry in action first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: And how did you make that happen?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yaghi: We teamed up with mechanical engineers to design and build a simple harvester around the MOFs. Together with our collaborators, we demonstrated that a MOF-based device is capable of delivering clean water even in typical desert climates. Remarkably, the device operates without any power input, aside from ambient sunlight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The MOF is exposed to the atmosphere, bringing water from dry air into its pores and concentrating it. Then, upon enclosing the MOF into a container, which is exposed to sunlight, the container heats up and water is released from the MOF into the container as high humidity. This, in turn, is condensed by virtue of the temperature difference between the warm interior of the container and room temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water harvester works passively and can be placed in the desert to trap water at night and release it during the day when the temperature rises. This technology has just been \u003ca href=\"https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/06/these-are-the-top-10-emerging-technologies-of-2017/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">showcased\u003c/a> at the 2017 World Economic Forum as one of the top 10 emerging technologies to change the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Can you briefly describe how a metal-organic framework works, and what it looks like?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yaghi: Metal-organic frameworks are materials made by stitching together organic and inorganic units into porous frameworks, which can have extremely high internal surface areas. One gram of a MOF the size of a sugar cube has an internal surface area equivalent to an entire football field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180531031910/MOF-Picture-31.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\">A magnified image of a metal-organic framework of the sort that Omar Yaghi developed to harvest water from the air. (Photo Courtesy Omar Yaghi)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>This high surface area ensures high capacity for the captured water. The ability to modify the pores chemically by changing the chemical characteristics, and physically by changing the pore size and shape, leads to MOFs tailored for specific functions such as water capture, carbon dioxide capture and conversion to fuels, methane storage for automobile fuel tanks and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MOFs are solids which appear to the naked eye no different than sand, where each granule is riddled with holes into which gases and molecules of interest can be selected, brought in and compacted, making it possible to store voluminous amounts of gases in smaller containers. However, if you look at the MOF crystals under the microscope, many of them can be quite beautiful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Will it harvest water in all types of climates, or only desert environments?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yaghi: There are over 70,000 different MOFs made to date, and each MOF has its own unique function and capability. We can design and make different MOFs capable of such efficient water uptake at humidity levels as low as 5 percent and as high as 80 percent. I believe the necessary temperature inside the device (113F) can be achievable in many regions other than the deserts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deepy: Does the water need to be made potable after being harvested?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yaghi: No, the water being harvested is clean and pure. It is no different than rain water or distilled water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: How large would this device have to be to serve an average home?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yaghi: We are currently working on the next generation MOF water-harvester. I think after further improvement, a MOF water harvester the size of a washing machine could satisfy the most basic needs of a household.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Do you envision a time when a device like this becomes commonplace on homes? How long might that take?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yaghi: Yes, my vision is to achieve “personalized water,” where people have a device at home running on ambient solar, delivering water that will satisfy the needs of a household. There are certainly many advances still required to bring this technology to the kind of utility and accessibility to make his vision come true. Nevertheless with our invention, it is very possible now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Is it possible to scale this up to serve, say, an apartment building or even a small farm?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yaghi: Yes. Our research team at U.C. Berkeley is going to unveil very soon a next-generation MOF water harvester that is larger in scale and of higher efficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: I gather you’re also developing a cheaper version using aluminum instead of zirconium. What is the current cost of the device? And what might the cost be for a residential-sized unit once it’s market ready?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>Yaghi: It is very difficult to say precisely how much it will cost at this point, but I am confident it will be relatively inexpensive because the major components are plastic and the MOF. In our next-generation MOF water-harvesting system, which is going to be published in early June, we have replaced the copper mesh of the device with much cheaper materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, we are going to introduce an aluminum-based MOF that can deliver more than twice the amount of water but at the same time is at least 150 times cheaper than the zirconium-based MOF. The progress of innovation of this technology is fast, and the cost is going down every day. I believe in two to three years, this water-harvesting technology will be ready for commercial production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2018/05/31/new-device-produces-water-from-thin-air-no-electricity-required\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfooter class=\"clear\">\n\u003csection>\u003c/section>\n\u003c/footer>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1924858/new-device-produces-water-from-thin-air-no-electricity-required","authors":["byline_science_1924858"],"categories":["science_4450"],"tags":["science_572","science_461","science_201","science_876"],"featImg":"science_1924861","label":"source_science_1924858"},"science_1921979":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1921979","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1921979","score":null,"sort":[1522709492000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californians-return-to-using-about-as-much-water-as-before-the-drought","title":"Californians Go Back to Using About as Much Water as Before the Drought","publishDate":1522709492,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Californians Go Back to Using About as Much Water as Before the Drought | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Since Gov. Jerry Brown called off California’s drought emergency a year ago, we Californians seem to have gotten a little lazy when it comes to water conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve started watering our lawns more often. We’re not putting buckets in our showers as much. (In fact, we’re taking longer showers.) And we don’t let yellow mellow — meaning, we flush our pee instead of just letting it sit in the toilet bowl, according to Southern California residents KPCC queried for this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It definitely is the messaging,” said Isaiah Leslie of Anaheim Hills, a former yellow-mellower who now flushes after every use. “If we were still in a drought, mandated by the governor, then I think we would still do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All these tiny decisions to relax and use a bit more water have added up. Statewide, Californians are using 18 percent more water than at the same time in 2017 — nearly the same amount as before the drought emergency was declared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, Californians used about 71 gallons per person per day. That’s almost as much as the 74 gallons we were using in January 2013 — a year before California’s drought emergency was declared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, we appear to be almost back to our free-wheeling attitudes about water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1921985\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1921985 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">KPCC reporter Emily Guerin empties her shower bucket on the orange tree in her side yard. She no longer uses the bucket now that the drought has been called off. (Kyle Stokes/KPCC)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That trend has taken on added urgency this week — the traditional end of California’s rain and snow season. State water officials use the first week of April to assess the water content in the Sierra Nevada snowpack. Runoff from melting snow provides about a third of California’s freshwater for drinking and agriculture. By the end of the March, electronic sensors indicated the water content in the snowpack was less than 60 percent of average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why did Gov. Brown declare the drought over in the first place?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>It has to do with the historic amount of snow that fell last year in the Sierra. On April 7, 2017, the day Brown issued an executive order calling off the drought emergency, the Sierra snowpack was 164 percent of average. Lake Oroville, the state’s largest reservoir, was completely full — so full that just two months earlier, Oroville dam operators were forced to use the emergency spillway for the first time in its 49-year history. The spillway eroded so much there was concern the dam could breech and flood the town of Oroville downstream. The six-year drought, which had left the Sierra Nevada nearly bare of snow in 2015, was clearly over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Did calling off the drought change anything on the ground?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Yes! Gov. Brown’s executive order put an end to mandatory water conservation in California. Since May 2015, the State Water Resources Control Board, an agency that emerged during the drought as California water cop, had been requiring every city and water district to cut its water use by a certain amount. The Water Board relaxed those rules a little bit in May 2016, when cities just had to prove they had enough water to make it through three dry years. But after April 2017, all those requirements went away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Did we start using more water after the drought ended?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Oh yeah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1921983\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full-800x446.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"446\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full-800x446.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full-160x89.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full-768x428.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full-240x134.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full-375x209.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full-520x290.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full.jpg 946w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"o-article__body\">\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How come?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTake a city like Palmdale, where water use rose 5 percent after the drought was called off compared to the same period in 2016. Palmdale allowed people to water their lawns more often, and backed off on enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted to maintain credibility with our customers,” said Dennis LaMoreaux, the general manager of the Palmdale Water District. “And if the state says the drought is over, and if customers don’t see a change in the rules, that kind of undermines the credibility of next time we really need them to save water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other cities, like Redlands, didn’t change any of its water rules, but officials suspect their customers started to slack off because they’re hearing mixed messages about the need to conserve. Water use during the six months following the end of the drought was up 18 percent compared to the same period in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We made the point to them that even though the state has declared the drought over, all the restrictions remain in place for Redlands customers,” said Cecilia Grado, a water resources specialist with the city of Redlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she added, “We can’t compete with the media.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What does the media have to do with it?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMedia coverage of drought may be critically important in encouraging conservation, according to a 2017 study in \u003cem>Science Advances.\u003c/em> Researchers at Stanford University surveyed nine daily newspapers during two droughts, looking for stories having to do with “California drought,” “water conservation” and similar terms. The first drought occurred during the Great Recession and received relatively little media coverage, where as during the second, beginning in 2012, media coverage was “extraordinarily high.” They found that over a two-month period, an increase in 100 drought-related articles was associated with an 11 to 18 percent reduction in water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the media coverage wasn’t happening in a vacuum – reporters were covering changes in rules and regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Political action was being broadcast by the media,” said Newsha Ajami, the head of Urban Water Policy at Stanford University, who co-authored the study. “And then that was impacting people’s behavior. And that was feeding back into more political action, and more media coverage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But since Brown called off the drought, media coverage has also dried up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water issues in California have fallen off that priority list,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Should we all still be cutting back on water?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFor Ajami, that depends on what we’re doing with the water we’re using.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If people were collecting shower water to flush their toilets, I think they should take a break,” she said. “But if we’re using more water outdoors because we want to have lush lawns and green spaces, then that’s not OK. If we’re washing our cars, that’s not OK. We need to be mindful of the fact that this water comes to us through a lot of effort, and also, it’s not an infinite resource.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Jelena Hartman, a senior scientist at the State Water Resources Control Board, the main challenge is to get Californians to switch from an emergency conservation mindset, with shower buckets and dead grass, into a long-term, water-saving way of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means replacing lawns with artificial turf or native plants, fixing leaks, ripping out old toilets and washing machines and putting in more efficient ones instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a state there is a lot of work to be done to move away from those short-term emergency conservation measures to something that can be a permanent change,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How can we save water in the long-term?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>At the state level, the Water Resources Control Board is working on a proposal to \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2018/02/19/80855/state-to-ban-wasteful-uses-of-water-but-it-won-t-a/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">permanently ban wasteful uses of water\u003c/a> like watering your lawn until it runs into the street, washing a car without a shut-off nozzle and irrigating street medians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are also two bills in the state legislature, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1668&firstNav=tracking\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 1668\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB606&firstNav=tracking\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 606,\u003c/a> that would clamp down on water use in cities by forcing them to use water more wisely. The bills would set a limit of 55 gallons per person, per day, for indoor use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But outdoor use is by far the bigger problem. More than half of all the water used in cities in California is sprinkled on lawns, flowers and ornamental trees. So the two bills would set limits on how much you can use depending on where you live. Cooler, denser cities with smaller lots and multi-family homes, like San Francisco and Santa Monica, would be required to use less water than hotter, more suburban cities with larger homes and yards like Riverside and Redlands. The State Water Board would slowly begin ratcheting up enforcement, with no fines until after the first five years of the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What about in my city?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Some cities are still doing a lot too! Places like Los Angeles and Redlands never let up on the rules and regulations they had during the drought. Others, like Santa Monica, are passing new, even more ambitious ordinances to keep water use low. \u003ca href=\"https://www.smgov.net/Departments/OSE/Categories/Water/Water_Neutrality.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Santa Monica’s new water neutrality ordinance\u003c/a>, passed three months after Gov. Brown declared the drought over, requires new developments to use the same amount of water as the building they are replacing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others cities are phasing in “smart meters” that read water use data in real time and allow city staff to quickly detect leaks. In Beverly Hills, water conservation manager Debby Figoni gets a list every day of the biggest water users in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking at graphs of their water use, she can tell if they’ve got “continuous flow issues” like leaky pipes, a broken sprinkler or a running toilet. When she calls residents to tell them about the leak, she offers them a rebate on their bill for fixing it – but only if they agree to reduce outdoor water use first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So now, I’ve had this opportunity because of this issue to also educate them on efficient irrigation,” she said. “And that’s very important.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some cities, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ladwp.com/ladwp/faces/ladwp/aboutus/a-water/a-w-conservation/a-w-c-landscap?_afrLoop=691427684342227&_afrWindowMode=0&_afrWindowId=180ktyer6k_1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">like Los Angeles,\u003c/a> are still offering rebates to remove grass lawns, the largest source of additional rebates, the Metropolitan Water District, has dried up. The agency is voting in April whether to resume the program. However, MWD \u003ca href=\"http://www.bewaterwise.com/pdfs/mwd_rebates.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">does still offers rebates \u003c/a>on low-flow toilets, high-efficiency washers and irrigation controllers. It may boost the amount of those incentives to encourage people to switch them out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This\u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2018/04/02/81967/californians-go-back-to-wasting-as-much-water-as-b/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> story\u003c/a> is part of Elemental: Covering Sustainability, a new multimedia collaboration between Cronkite News, Arizona PBS, KJZZ, KPCC, Rocky Mountain PBS and PBS SoCal.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"By late March, sensors showed the water content in the snowpack was less than 60 percent of average.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928045,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":37,"wordCount":1747},"headData":{"title":"Californians Go Back to Using About as Much Water as Before the Drought | KQED","description":"By late March, sensors showed the water content in the snowpack was less than 60 percent of average.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Water","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Emily Guerin\u003cbr />KPCC","path":"/science/1921979/californians-return-to-using-about-as-much-water-as-before-the-drought","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Since Gov. Jerry Brown called off California’s drought emergency a year ago, we Californians seem to have gotten a little lazy when it comes to water conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve started watering our lawns more often. We’re not putting buckets in our showers as much. (In fact, we’re taking longer showers.) And we don’t let yellow mellow — meaning, we flush our pee instead of just letting it sit in the toilet bowl, according to Southern California residents KPCC queried for this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It definitely is the messaging,” said Isaiah Leslie of Anaheim Hills, a former yellow-mellower who now flushes after every use. “If we were still in a drought, mandated by the governor, then I think we would still do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All these tiny decisions to relax and use a bit more water have added up. Statewide, Californians are using 18 percent more water than at the same time in 2017 — nearly the same amount as before the drought emergency was declared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, Californians used about 71 gallons per person per day. That’s almost as much as the 74 gallons we were using in January 2013 — a year before California’s drought emergency was declared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, we appear to be almost back to our free-wheeling attitudes about water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1921985\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1921985 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">KPCC reporter Emily Guerin empties her shower bucket on the orange tree in her side yard. She no longer uses the bucket now that the drought has been called off. (Kyle Stokes/KPCC)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That trend has taken on added urgency this week — the traditional end of California’s rain and snow season. State water officials use the first week of April to assess the water content in the Sierra Nevada snowpack. Runoff from melting snow provides about a third of California’s freshwater for drinking and agriculture. By the end of the March, electronic sensors indicated the water content in the snowpack was less than 60 percent of average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why did Gov. Brown declare the drought over in the first place?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>It has to do with the historic amount of snow that fell last year in the Sierra. On April 7, 2017, the day Brown issued an executive order calling off the drought emergency, the Sierra snowpack was 164 percent of average. Lake Oroville, the state’s largest reservoir, was completely full — so full that just two months earlier, Oroville dam operators were forced to use the emergency spillway for the first time in its 49-year history. The spillway eroded so much there was concern the dam could breech and flood the town of Oroville downstream. The six-year drought, which had left the Sierra Nevada nearly bare of snow in 2015, was clearly over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Did calling off the drought change anything on the ground?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Yes! Gov. Brown’s executive order put an end to mandatory water conservation in California. Since May 2015, the State Water Resources Control Board, an agency that emerged during the drought as California water cop, had been requiring every city and water district to cut its water use by a certain amount. The Water Board relaxed those rules a little bit in May 2016, when cities just had to prove they had enough water to make it through three dry years. But after April 2017, all those requirements went away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Did we start using more water after the drought ended?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Oh yeah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1921983\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full-800x446.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"446\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full-800x446.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full-160x89.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full-768x428.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full-240x134.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full-375x209.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full-520x290.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full.jpg 946w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"o-article__body\">\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How come?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTake a city like Palmdale, where water use rose 5 percent after the drought was called off compared to the same period in 2016. Palmdale allowed people to water their lawns more often, and backed off on enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted to maintain credibility with our customers,” said Dennis LaMoreaux, the general manager of the Palmdale Water District. “And if the state says the drought is over, and if customers don’t see a change in the rules, that kind of undermines the credibility of next time we really need them to save water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other cities, like Redlands, didn’t change any of its water rules, but officials suspect their customers started to slack off because they’re hearing mixed messages about the need to conserve. Water use during the six months following the end of the drought was up 18 percent compared to the same period in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We made the point to them that even though the state has declared the drought over, all the restrictions remain in place for Redlands customers,” said Cecilia Grado, a water resources specialist with the city of Redlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she added, “We can’t compete with the media.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What does the media have to do with it?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMedia coverage of drought may be critically important in encouraging conservation, according to a 2017 study in \u003cem>Science Advances.\u003c/em> Researchers at Stanford University surveyed nine daily newspapers during two droughts, looking for stories having to do with “California drought,” “water conservation” and similar terms. The first drought occurred during the Great Recession and received relatively little media coverage, where as during the second, beginning in 2012, media coverage was “extraordinarily high.” They found that over a two-month period, an increase in 100 drought-related articles was associated with an 11 to 18 percent reduction in water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the media coverage wasn’t happening in a vacuum – reporters were covering changes in rules and regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Political action was being broadcast by the media,” said Newsha Ajami, the head of Urban Water Policy at Stanford University, who co-authored the study. “And then that was impacting people’s behavior. And that was feeding back into more political action, and more media coverage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But since Brown called off the drought, media coverage has also dried up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water issues in California have fallen off that priority list,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Should we all still be cutting back on water?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFor Ajami, that depends on what we’re doing with the water we’re using.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If people were collecting shower water to flush their toilets, I think they should take a break,” she said. “But if we’re using more water outdoors because we want to have lush lawns and green spaces, then that’s not OK. If we’re washing our cars, that’s not OK. We need to be mindful of the fact that this water comes to us through a lot of effort, and also, it’s not an infinite resource.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Jelena Hartman, a senior scientist at the State Water Resources Control Board, the main challenge is to get Californians to switch from an emergency conservation mindset, with shower buckets and dead grass, into a long-term, water-saving way of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means replacing lawns with artificial turf or native plants, fixing leaks, ripping out old toilets and washing machines and putting in more efficient ones instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a state there is a lot of work to be done to move away from those short-term emergency conservation measures to something that can be a permanent change,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How can we save water in the long-term?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>At the state level, the Water Resources Control Board is working on a proposal to \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2018/02/19/80855/state-to-ban-wasteful-uses-of-water-but-it-won-t-a/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">permanently ban wasteful uses of water\u003c/a> like watering your lawn until it runs into the street, washing a car without a shut-off nozzle and irrigating street medians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are also two bills in the state legislature, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1668&firstNav=tracking\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 1668\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB606&firstNav=tracking\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 606,\u003c/a> that would clamp down on water use in cities by forcing them to use water more wisely. The bills would set a limit of 55 gallons per person, per day, for indoor use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But outdoor use is by far the bigger problem. More than half of all the water used in cities in California is sprinkled on lawns, flowers and ornamental trees. So the two bills would set limits on how much you can use depending on where you live. Cooler, denser cities with smaller lots and multi-family homes, like San Francisco and Santa Monica, would be required to use less water than hotter, more suburban cities with larger homes and yards like Riverside and Redlands. The State Water Board would slowly begin ratcheting up enforcement, with no fines until after the first five years of the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What about in my city?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Some cities are still doing a lot too! Places like Los Angeles and Redlands never let up on the rules and regulations they had during the drought. Others, like Santa Monica, are passing new, even more ambitious ordinances to keep water use low. \u003ca href=\"https://www.smgov.net/Departments/OSE/Categories/Water/Water_Neutrality.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Santa Monica’s new water neutrality ordinance\u003c/a>, passed three months after Gov. Brown declared the drought over, requires new developments to use the same amount of water as the building they are replacing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others cities are phasing in “smart meters” that read water use data in real time and allow city staff to quickly detect leaks. In Beverly Hills, water conservation manager Debby Figoni gets a list every day of the biggest water users in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking at graphs of their water use, she can tell if they’ve got “continuous flow issues” like leaky pipes, a broken sprinkler or a running toilet. When she calls residents to tell them about the leak, she offers them a rebate on their bill for fixing it – but only if they agree to reduce outdoor water use first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So now, I’ve had this opportunity because of this issue to also educate them on efficient irrigation,” she said. “And that’s very important.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some cities, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ladwp.com/ladwp/faces/ladwp/aboutus/a-water/a-w-conservation/a-w-c-landscap?_afrLoop=691427684342227&_afrWindowMode=0&_afrWindowId=180ktyer6k_1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">like Los Angeles,\u003c/a> are still offering rebates to remove grass lawns, the largest source of additional rebates, the Metropolitan Water District, has dried up. The agency is voting in April whether to resume the program. However, MWD \u003ca href=\"http://www.bewaterwise.com/pdfs/mwd_rebates.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">does still offers rebates \u003c/a>on low-flow toilets, high-efficiency washers and irrigation controllers. It may boost the amount of those incentives to encourage people to switch them out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This\u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2018/04/02/81967/californians-go-back-to-wasting-as-much-water-as-b/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> story\u003c/a> is part of Elemental: Covering Sustainability, a new multimedia collaboration between Cronkite News, Arizona PBS, KJZZ, KPCC, Rocky Mountain PBS and PBS SoCal.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1921979/californians-return-to-using-about-as-much-water-as-before-the-drought","authors":["byline_science_1921979"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_5178","science_182","science_572","science_192","science_3370","science_201","science_876"],"featImg":"science_1921986","label":"source_science_1921979"},"science_1919409":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1919409","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1919409","score":null,"sort":[1517454058000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"wine-lovers-relax-study-suggests-calif-grapevines-can-weather-searing-drought","title":"Wine Lovers: Relax, Study Suggests Calif. Grapevines Can Weather Searing Drought","publishDate":1517454058,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Wine Lovers: Relax, Study Suggests Calif. Grapevines Can Weather Searing Drought | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The drought could be crippling, but the wine will be good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is the happy conclusion of a study published today in the journal, \u003ca href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/1/eaao6969\">Science\u003c/a>. It turns out that the grapevine is hardier than anyone thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists who looked at vineyards in California’s Napa Valley and the Bordeaux region of France found that in times of drought, the grapevine’s resistance actually increased as the season progressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, conducted over a period of ten years, found that the grapevines were not at risk of dying from “even very dry conditions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means farmers may not need to water their vineyards as much as previously thought during a dry spell. It also could mean better-tasting wine.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“As the climate is changing, we can determine, ‘What are the tolerance levels of these plants and will they endure?'”\u003ccite>Gregory Gambetta, Bordeaux Sciences Agro\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“One of the triggers of ripening occurs when stress is present such as a dry spell,” says Paul Skinner, a co-author of the study and a vineyard consultant at Vineyard Investigations. “It serves to slow down the growth of the vine vegetatively and when the vine stops growing, that is directly connected to the ripening of the fruit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study sets the practical limits of when grapevines die without water, says Skinner. “This is about trying to figure out how to manage vines during periods of drought. We need to know what these limits are in order to manage risks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings are a boost for California vineyards, which produce nearly 90 percent of all American wines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Big Business\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wine sector is an economic powerhouse for the state and threats stemming from climate change could spell serious trouble for California’s economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a report \u003ca href=\"http://www.wineinstitute.org/files/Wine%20Institute%20Economic%20Impact%20Highlights%202016.pdf\">issued\u003c/a> in 2016 by the Wine Institute, the industry contributes $57.6 billion annually to the local economy and employs about 325,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Golden State’s renowned vineyards also attract some 24 million tourists annually, generating $7.2 billion in revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During severe droughts, plants often die from embolism. It occurs when plants are deprived of water, causing tension in the plant as it starts to convert water into gas. The resulting air bubbles impede the passage of water within the plant, causing it to increase in thirst and potentially die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When plants are well watered, they will never experience embolism,” Skinner told KQED. “It’s a result of extreme drought. And a purpose of this study was to quantify what the threshold is for mortality in a grapevine during a drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though total precipitation might not decrease with California’s changing climate, scientists say to expect more severe droughts when they do occur. The study looked at what levels of drought would be enough to cause a degree of embolism sufficient to kill grapevines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We looked at the level of drought and we looked at Napa and found that their vines never reach that level,” says Gregory Gambetta, a professor of viticulture at Bordeaux Sciences Agro and the study’s principle investigator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as the world grapples with climate change, knowing what these thresholds are is of critical importance to farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As the climate is changing, we can determine, ‘What are the tolerance levels of these plants and will they endure?'” explains Gambetta. “Will vines survive and bounce back?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Saving Grapes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Skinner says the study will also allow farmers to adopt techniques to weather climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It might prove to be very valuable for land owners who do not want to lose their physical vineyards and plant something else,” he suggests. “I think it will lead to more refinements in what we do, rather than major changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gambetta adds that vineyards are normally productive for twenty to forty years and require a significant amount of financial investment. The study’s findings suggest that farmers might not have to abandon their crop during a dry spell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In California, during these drought periods,” he says, “farmers regulate the amount of water they get and sometimes they make decisions to essentially whip out vineyards, thinking they will probably die anyway. So there is question of, ‘Did they have to?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gambetta cautions, however, that the study’s findings do not mean farmers should stop watering their vineyards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It simply sets thresholds that we did not know before, that we could not quantify precisely,” he points out. “Now, we can say that these are the levels of stress that vines can endure during a period of drought. That sets a bar for farmers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that the vines were very resilient and we now know what range we are operating in,” adds Skinner. “Hopefully we can find ways to save water by adopting some of the information in this study as a guide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while researchers still have some important questions concerning to what extent vines can repair themselves and recover, farmers now at least have actual numbers to work with when determining how to ration resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for how you ration your wine, you’re on your own.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Research shows grapevines are incredibly resilient, which could help growers conserve water and produce better-tasting grapes.\r\n\r\n ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928217,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":896},"headData":{"title":"Wine Lovers: Relax, Study Suggests Calif. Grapevines Can Weather Searing Drought | KQED","description":"Research shows grapevines are incredibly resilient, which could help growers conserve water and produce better-tasting grapes.\r\n\r\n ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003cstrong>Amel Ahmed\u003c/strong>","path":"/science/1919409/wine-lovers-relax-study-suggests-calif-grapevines-can-weather-searing-drought","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The drought could be crippling, but the wine will be good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is the happy conclusion of a study published today in the journal, \u003ca href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/1/eaao6969\">Science\u003c/a>. It turns out that the grapevine is hardier than anyone thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists who looked at vineyards in California’s Napa Valley and the Bordeaux region of France found that in times of drought, the grapevine’s resistance actually increased as the season progressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, conducted over a period of ten years, found that the grapevines were not at risk of dying from “even very dry conditions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means farmers may not need to water their vineyards as much as previously thought during a dry spell. It also could mean better-tasting wine.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“As the climate is changing, we can determine, ‘What are the tolerance levels of these plants and will they endure?'”\u003ccite>Gregory Gambetta, Bordeaux Sciences Agro\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“One of the triggers of ripening occurs when stress is present such as a dry spell,” says Paul Skinner, a co-author of the study and a vineyard consultant at Vineyard Investigations. “It serves to slow down the growth of the vine vegetatively and when the vine stops growing, that is directly connected to the ripening of the fruit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study sets the practical limits of when grapevines die without water, says Skinner. “This is about trying to figure out how to manage vines during periods of drought. We need to know what these limits are in order to manage risks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings are a boost for California vineyards, which produce nearly 90 percent of all American wines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Big Business\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wine sector is an economic powerhouse for the state and threats stemming from climate change could spell serious trouble for California’s economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a report \u003ca href=\"http://www.wineinstitute.org/files/Wine%20Institute%20Economic%20Impact%20Highlights%202016.pdf\">issued\u003c/a> in 2016 by the Wine Institute, the industry contributes $57.6 billion annually to the local economy and employs about 325,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Golden State’s renowned vineyards also attract some 24 million tourists annually, generating $7.2 billion in revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During severe droughts, plants often die from embolism. It occurs when plants are deprived of water, causing tension in the plant as it starts to convert water into gas. The resulting air bubbles impede the passage of water within the plant, causing it to increase in thirst and potentially die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When plants are well watered, they will never experience embolism,” Skinner told KQED. “It’s a result of extreme drought. And a purpose of this study was to quantify what the threshold is for mortality in a grapevine during a drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though total precipitation might not decrease with California’s changing climate, scientists say to expect more severe droughts when they do occur. The study looked at what levels of drought would be enough to cause a degree of embolism sufficient to kill grapevines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We looked at the level of drought and we looked at Napa and found that their vines never reach that level,” says Gregory Gambetta, a professor of viticulture at Bordeaux Sciences Agro and the study’s principle investigator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as the world grapples with climate change, knowing what these thresholds are is of critical importance to farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As the climate is changing, we can determine, ‘What are the tolerance levels of these plants and will they endure?'” explains Gambetta. “Will vines survive and bounce back?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Saving Grapes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Skinner says the study will also allow farmers to adopt techniques to weather climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It might prove to be very valuable for land owners who do not want to lose their physical vineyards and plant something else,” he suggests. “I think it will lead to more refinements in what we do, rather than major changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gambetta adds that vineyards are normally productive for twenty to forty years and require a significant amount of financial investment. The study’s findings suggest that farmers might not have to abandon their crop during a dry spell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In California, during these drought periods,” he says, “farmers regulate the amount of water they get and sometimes they make decisions to essentially whip out vineyards, thinking they will probably die anyway. So there is question of, ‘Did they have to?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gambetta cautions, however, that the study’s findings do not mean farmers should stop watering their vineyards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It simply sets thresholds that we did not know before, that we could not quantify precisely,” he points out. “Now, we can say that these are the levels of stress that vines can endure during a period of drought. That sets a bar for farmers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that the vines were very resilient and we now know what range we are operating in,” adds Skinner. “Hopefully we can find ways to save water by adopting some of the information in this study as a guide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while researchers still have some important questions concerning to what extent vines can repair themselves and recover, farmers now at least have actual numbers to work with when determining how to ration resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for how you ration your wine, you’re on your own.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1919409/wine-lovers-relax-study-suggests-calif-grapevines-can-weather-searing-drought","authors":["byline_science_1919409"],"series":["science_1151"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_36","science_40"],"tags":["science_392","science_1622","science_194","science_3370","science_876","science_393"],"featImg":"science_1919412","label":"science"},"science_1500654":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1500654","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1500654","score":null,"sort":[1490715024000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"videos-scenes-from-yosemite-national-park","title":"VIDEOS: Scenes from Yosemite National Park","publishDate":1490715024,"format":"video","headTitle":"VIDEOS: Scenes from Yosemite National Park | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":3259,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>As we wait for the premiere of PBS Nature’s \u003cem>Yosemite,\u003c/em> here’s some additional clips from the documentary, including reporting from KQED’s Science Unit. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Cn8FsOsBmY&t\u003cbr>\nGiant sequoias can live for thousands of years. Yet in California’s fourth year of historic drought, these resilient trees are starting to feel the effects of the lack of snow in the Sierra Nevada. University of California, Berkeley, researchers climb the trees to investigate. KQED Science video producer Gabriela Quirós investigates for KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/tag/quest/\">\u003cem>QUEST.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\u003cbr>\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmNZGr9Udx8&t\u003cbr>\nLearn how the destructive force of fire gives birth to new life. From \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/\">PBS Nature’s \u003cem>Yosemite\u003c/em>.\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\u003cbr>\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5m37QR_4XNY&t\u003cbr>\nEvery winter, California newts leave the safety of their forest burrows and travel as far as three miles to mate in the pond where they were born. Their mating ritual is a raucous affair that involves bulked-up males, writhing females and a little cannibalism. One of our favorite \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/deep-look/\">\u003cem>Deep Look\u003c/em>\u003c/a> episodes from former KQED Science intern Mallory Pickett and KQED Science video producer Gabriela Quirós.\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\u003cbr>\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DNkNzNOX1AM\u003cbr>\nSierra newt males battle it out for the chance to get froggy. \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/\">From PBS Nature’s \u003cem>Yosemite\u003c/em>.\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xEji9I4Tcjo\u003cbr>\nThe humble pine cone is more than a holiday decoration. It’s an ancient form of tree sex. Flowers may be faster and showier, but the largest living things in the world? The oldest? They all reproduce with cones. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/deep-look/\">\u003cem>Deep Look\u003c/em>‘s\u003c/a> Christmas Special from KQED Science video producer and Deep Look cinematographer Josh Cassidy.\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\u003cbr>\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kIUcuLqakgA\u003cbr>\nAround the third week of February each year, Horsetail Fall lights up Yosemite National Park with a spectacle of orange and red. The phenomenon, which has taken on the decidedly majestic nickname “firefall,” is an optical trick of the sunset when a host of conditions are just right. From \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kIUcuLqakgA\">Kevin Key via Storyful.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928927,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":355},"headData":{"title":"VIDEOS: Scenes from Yosemite National Park | KQED","description":"As we wait for the premiere of PBS Nature's Yosemite, here's some additional clips from the documentary, including reporting from KQED's Science Unit. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Cn8FsOsBmY&t Giant sequoias can live for thousands of years. Yet in California’s fourth year of historic drought, these resilient trees are starting to feel the effects of the lack of snow in","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E0f1noOj0Vs","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1500654/videos-scenes-from-yosemite-national-park","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As we wait for the premiere of PBS Nature’s \u003cem>Yosemite,\u003c/em> here’s some additional clips from the documentary, including reporting from KQED’s Science Unit. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Cn8FsOsBmY&t\u003cbr>\nGiant sequoias can live for thousands of years. Yet in California’s fourth year of historic drought, these resilient trees are starting to feel the effects of the lack of snow in the Sierra Nevada. University of California, Berkeley, researchers climb the trees to investigate. KQED Science video producer Gabriela Quirós investigates for KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/tag/quest/\">\u003cem>QUEST.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\u003cbr>\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmNZGr9Udx8&t\u003cbr>\nLearn how the destructive force of fire gives birth to new life. From \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/\">PBS Nature’s \u003cem>Yosemite\u003c/em>.\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\u003cbr>\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5m37QR_4XNY&t\u003cbr>\nEvery winter, California newts leave the safety of their forest burrows and travel as far as three miles to mate in the pond where they were born. Their mating ritual is a raucous affair that involves bulked-up males, writhing females and a little cannibalism. One of our favorite \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/deep-look/\">\u003cem>Deep Look\u003c/em>\u003c/a> episodes from former KQED Science intern Mallory Pickett and KQED Science video producer Gabriela Quirós.\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\u003cbr>\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DNkNzNOX1AM\u003cbr>\nSierra newt males battle it out for the chance to get froggy. \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/\">From PBS Nature’s \u003cem>Yosemite\u003c/em>.\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xEji9I4Tcjo\u003cbr>\nThe humble pine cone is more than a holiday decoration. It’s an ancient form of tree sex. Flowers may be faster and showier, but the largest living things in the world? The oldest? They all reproduce with cones. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/deep-look/\">\u003cem>Deep Look\u003c/em>‘s\u003c/a> Christmas Special from KQED Science video producer and Deep Look cinematographer Josh Cassidy.\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\u003cbr>\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kIUcuLqakgA\u003cbr>\nAround the third week of February each year, Horsetail Fall lights up Yosemite National Park with a spectacle of orange and red. The phenomenon, which has taken on the decidedly majestic nickname “firefall,” is an optical trick of the sunset when a host of conditions are just right. From \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kIUcuLqakgA\">Kevin Key via Storyful.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1500654/videos-scenes-from-yosemite-national-park","authors":["8677"],"series":["science_3259"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_31","science_35","science_44","science_86","science_98"],"tags":["science_1622","science_182","science_194","science_205","science_1970","science_572","science_112","science_218","science_448","science_309","science_109","science_1462","science_190","science_201","science_876","science_110","science_365","science_113","science_804","science_159"],"featImg":"science_1500769","label":"science_3259"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/possible-5gxfizEbKOJ-pbF5ASgxrs_.1400x1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ATC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. 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We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. 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Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/ME_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/OOW_Tile_Final.png","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. 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