February's Storms Doubled California Snowpack, March Could Bring More Wet Weather
Battle Over San Francisco's Coastal Development Sparks Statewide Concerns
Annual Climate Negotiations Are About To Start. Do They Matter?
What Happened to California's Salmon Season This Year?
Celebration and Concern: Hetch Hetchy Reservoir Turns 100, But Climate Change Complicates its Future
'We're Not Prepared': Experts Call for Doubling Levee Protections as California Faces Increasing Floods
Threatened Coho Salmon at Risk Due to Federal Mismanagement, Groups Allege
Heavy Rain Is Still Hitting California. A Few Reservoirs Figured Out How to Capture More for Drought
When the State Cut Their Water, These California Users Created a Collaborative Solution
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And 70% of the April 1 average\u003c/a>, which is the end of the water year and the typical height of the state’s frozen reservoir. Storms over the last month more than doubled the size of the snowpack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSSacramento/status/1760404780353196466?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At his lab north of Lake Tahoe, over the past week, more than 3 1/2 feet of snow fell during three February storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/UCB_CSSL/status/1760343198524912012?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Chasing average\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>All of these storms — and more potentially on their way in March — put California in a good position to have an average water year. The last time that happened was 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s exceedingly rare that we ever really hit average in California,” he said. “To be around average is kind of nice for once because we’re not worrying about our water resources and our water allocations. But we’re also not worrying so much about [so much] snow that roofs collapse and businesses shut down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An average water year can be good for ski resorts like Palisades Tahoe. Big storms can prevent people from accessing resorts, like last winter when 46 atmospheric rivers landed over the West Coast and 32 pummeled Northern California. The storms lifted most of the state from drought conditions, and the sheer volume of water caused catastrophic flooding, bursting levees and reawakening a ghost in the form of Tulare Lake, which had been dry earth in the San Joaquin Valley for over a century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is such a thing as too much snow, where the resort can’t even open sometimes because there is that much snow,” said Patrick Lacey, public relations manager for the resort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said this month’s storms piled snow on the mountains around the resort without overwhelming it and nearby communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has really helped out with our snow totals,” Lacey said. “We are currently sitting at 225 inches for the season. Obviously, that’s not last year’s numbers, but we’re sitting pretty right now, especially in February.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lacey said the additional 3 1/2 feet of snow arrived just in time for the \u003ca href=\"https://usskiandsnowboard.org/events/stifel-palisades-tahoe-cup\">Stifel Palisades Tahoe Cup\u003c/a> this weekend, where more than a hundred athletes from 28 countries will compete. The ski competition is part of the Audi FIS Ski World Cup circuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s skiing really good out there,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The future is looking average — and snowy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The next potential for rain and snow is early next week, which UC Berkeley’s Schwartz said may help the state to finally climb out of the “deficit we incurred early in the year” with a dry start to the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s still far out to make promises, but it looks like it will be a stormy start to March, which should further help us out,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katrina Hand, a National Weather Service Meteorologist in Sacramento, said the agency expects another storm system to move over the Sierra early next week. While the storm may not be as strong as the last several, it could still create travel issues along mountain passes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Looking at the current forecast, we do have anywhere from a few inches locally up to a foot in terms of the total snow over that time frame,” she said. “It is still a few days away, so we are fine-tuning those details. But at the very least, I would encourage people to plan for some wintry weather over that late Sunday through Tuesday time frame in the Sierra.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSCPC/status/1760402440598216833\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the recent snow is great, Michael Anderson, the state’s official climatologist, said the storms did not evenly distribute snow across the Sierra. The Northern Sierra is aglow in white; the Central and Southern Sierra received less snow and may stay that way if storms shift north as spring gets closer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t mean there won’t still be that opportunity in March for those storms to sag a little bit further south, but we are starting to see that seasonal progression that [typically] moves the storms back north,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Anderson said reservoir levels are in good shape at 118% of the historical average but could benefit from a more extensive snowpack. The California Department of Water Resources reports storms from the start of January to Feb. 20 have provided enough water to supply 4.8 million people or 1.5 million households with water for an entire year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Michael Anderson, state climatologist, California Department of Water Resources\"]‘Right now, we’re looking at a fairly strong start to March potentially with these storms, [which could] get us that last bit of water we need to get us to a good spot.’[/pullquote]“Because we had such a big water year last year, it does dent that impact,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NWS Climate Prediction Center suggests that moderate to heavy rain and snow could be in the forecast for late February into early March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, we’re looking at a fairly strong start to March potentially with these storms, [which could] get us that last bit of water we need to get us to a good spot,” Anderson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson said El Niño will likely dissipate in spring, and the possibility of a La Niña year follows. A La Niña year can mean dry conditions, especially in Southern California, but it doesn’t always — as California learned last winter when storm after storm drenched the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to pay real close attention to that and look and see what the seasonal forecasters can tell us, but right now, we have to be ready for anything,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Climate change imprints even an average year\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For the most part, this year’s storms have not been extreme or even close to the flooding scenarios scientists predict California will experience in a warming world. But Lawrence Berkeley National Lab atmospheric scientist Alan Rhoades said a series of false starts the state experienced over the past few years — where meteorological conditions delayed the rainy season — is due, in part, to the changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"science_1985965,science_1991290,science_1983097\"]Rhoades notes that the atmospheric rivers hovered over California over the last few years, resulting in lots of rain and snow all at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re getting a lot of the rain, but then maybe not always getting the average kind of water year totals you would expect,” he said. “Our future might be more of a whiplash between drys and wets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhoades said it’s also important to remember that there’s another threat to the snowpack partly caused by anthropogenic climate change. Even if the snowpack grows, just one heat wave could melt a large portion. The state relies on its snowpack to supply a vast agricultural industry and millions of Californians with water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recalled a 2021 heat wave in the Pacific Northwest that \u003ca href=\"https://www.seattlepi.com/weather/article/mount-rainier-snow-melt-off-heat-wave-16340241.php\">melted 30% of the Mount Rainier in about a week\u003c/a>. Last April, climate scientists warned the public that a heat wave could trigger rapid snowmelt, causing flooding in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said there’s strong evidence that human-caused climate change has decreased snowpacks throughout the Western United States for the last 50 to 70 years. He said that is partly due to more snow falling as rain during storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We might have these average years like we’re experiencing in California, but heading into the future, there’s just going to be less opportunity,” he said. “Warming amplifies that natural cycle that we already experience in extremes that we get, and then concentrates storms that we do get into a select number of months in the mid-winter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The recent storms have more than doubled the California snowpack, and meteorologists forecast that March could be a wet month. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1708648855,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":33,"wordCount":1477},"headData":{"title":"February's Storms Doubled California Snowpack, March Could Bring More Wet Weather | KQED","description":"The recent storms have more than doubled the California snowpack, and meteorologists forecast that March could be a wet month. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1991522/februarys-storms-doubled-california-snowpack-march-could-bring-more-wet-weather","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At the start of the year, the California snowpack sat at an abysmal 25% of average, but after a series of storms, the Sierra is glittering white — over the last week, storms added up to 4 feet of snow to the range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were in pretty, pretty bad circumstances earlier this year, and we’ve come a long way,” said Andrew Schwartz, lead scientist with the UC Berkeley Central Sierra Snow Lab. “We’ve kind of clawed our way back into being a decent year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, the snowpack is now \u003ca href=\"https://cdec.water.ca.gov/snowapp/sweq.action\">86% of normal for this time of year. And 70% of the April 1 average\u003c/a>, which is the end of the water year and the typical height of the state’s frozen reservoir. Storms over the last month more than doubled the size of the snowpack.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1760404780353196466"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>At his lab north of Lake Tahoe, over the past week, more than 3 1/2 feet of snow fell during three February storms.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1760343198524912012"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003ch2>Chasing average\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>All of these storms — and more potentially on their way in March — put California in a good position to have an average water year. The last time that happened was 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s exceedingly rare that we ever really hit average in California,” he said. “To be around average is kind of nice for once because we’re not worrying about our water resources and our water allocations. But we’re also not worrying so much about [so much] snow that roofs collapse and businesses shut down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An average water year can be good for ski resorts like Palisades Tahoe. Big storms can prevent people from accessing resorts, like last winter when 46 atmospheric rivers landed over the West Coast and 32 pummeled Northern California. The storms lifted most of the state from drought conditions, and the sheer volume of water caused catastrophic flooding, bursting levees and reawakening a ghost in the form of Tulare Lake, which had been dry earth in the San Joaquin Valley for over a century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is such a thing as too much snow, where the resort can’t even open sometimes because there is that much snow,” said Patrick Lacey, public relations manager for the resort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said this month’s storms piled snow on the mountains around the resort without overwhelming it and nearby communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has really helped out with our snow totals,” Lacey said. “We are currently sitting at 225 inches for the season. Obviously, that’s not last year’s numbers, but we’re sitting pretty right now, especially in February.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lacey said the additional 3 1/2 feet of snow arrived just in time for the \u003ca href=\"https://usskiandsnowboard.org/events/stifel-palisades-tahoe-cup\">Stifel Palisades Tahoe Cup\u003c/a> this weekend, where more than a hundred athletes from 28 countries will compete. The ski competition is part of the Audi FIS Ski World Cup circuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s skiing really good out there,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The future is looking average — and snowy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The next potential for rain and snow is early next week, which UC Berkeley’s Schwartz said may help the state to finally climb out of the “deficit we incurred early in the year” with a dry start to the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s still far out to make promises, but it looks like it will be a stormy start to March, which should further help us out,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katrina Hand, a National Weather Service Meteorologist in Sacramento, said the agency expects another storm system to move over the Sierra early next week. While the storm may not be as strong as the last several, it could still create travel issues along mountain passes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Looking at the current forecast, we do have anywhere from a few inches locally up to a foot in terms of the total snow over that time frame,” she said. “It is still a few days away, so we are fine-tuning those details. But at the very least, I would encourage people to plan for some wintry weather over that late Sunday through Tuesday time frame in the Sierra.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1760402440598216833"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>While the recent snow is great, Michael Anderson, the state’s official climatologist, said the storms did not evenly distribute snow across the Sierra. The Northern Sierra is aglow in white; the Central and Southern Sierra received less snow and may stay that way if storms shift north as spring gets closer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t mean there won’t still be that opportunity in March for those storms to sag a little bit further south, but we are starting to see that seasonal progression that [typically] moves the storms back north,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Anderson said reservoir levels are in good shape at 118% of the historical average but could benefit from a more extensive snowpack. The California Department of Water Resources reports storms from the start of January to Feb. 20 have provided enough water to supply 4.8 million people or 1.5 million households with water for an entire year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Right now, we’re looking at a fairly strong start to March potentially with these storms, [which could] get us that last bit of water we need to get us to a good spot.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Michael Anderson, state climatologist, California Department of Water Resources","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Because we had such a big water year last year, it does dent that impact,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NWS Climate Prediction Center suggests that moderate to heavy rain and snow could be in the forecast for late February into early March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, we’re looking at a fairly strong start to March potentially with these storms, [which could] get us that last bit of water we need to get us to a good spot,” Anderson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson said El Niño will likely dissipate in spring, and the possibility of a La Niña year follows. A La Niña year can mean dry conditions, especially in Southern California, but it doesn’t always — as California learned last winter when storm after storm drenched the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to pay real close attention to that and look and see what the seasonal forecasters can tell us, but right now, we have to be ready for anything,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Climate change imprints even an average year\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For the most part, this year’s storms have not been extreme or even close to the flooding scenarios scientists predict California will experience in a warming world. But Lawrence Berkeley National Lab atmospheric scientist Alan Rhoades said a series of false starts the state experienced over the past few years — where meteorological conditions delayed the rainy season — is due, in part, to the changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"science_1985965,science_1991290,science_1983097"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Rhoades notes that the atmospheric rivers hovered over California over the last few years, resulting in lots of rain and snow all at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re getting a lot of the rain, but then maybe not always getting the average kind of water year totals you would expect,” he said. “Our future might be more of a whiplash between drys and wets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhoades said it’s also important to remember that there’s another threat to the snowpack partly caused by anthropogenic climate change. Even if the snowpack grows, just one heat wave could melt a large portion. The state relies on its snowpack to supply a vast agricultural industry and millions of Californians with water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recalled a 2021 heat wave in the Pacific Northwest that \u003ca href=\"https://www.seattlepi.com/weather/article/mount-rainier-snow-melt-off-heat-wave-16340241.php\">melted 30% of the Mount Rainier in about a week\u003c/a>. Last April, climate scientists warned the public that a heat wave could trigger rapid snowmelt, causing flooding in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said there’s strong evidence that human-caused climate change has decreased snowpacks throughout the Western United States for the last 50 to 70 years. He said that is partly due to more snow falling as rain during storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We might have these average years like we’re experiencing in California, but heading into the future, there’s just going to be less opportunity,” he said. “Warming amplifies that natural cycle that we already experience in extremes that we get, and then concentrates storms that we do get into a select number of months in the mid-winter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1991522/februarys-storms-doubled-california-snowpack-march-could-bring-more-wet-weather","authors":["11746"],"categories":["science_4450"],"tags":["science_572","science_4417","science_4414","science_1127","science_2878","science_201"],"featImg":"science_1991524","label":"science"},"science_1991442":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1991442","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1991442","score":null,"sort":[1707998404000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"battle-over-san-franciscos-coastal-development-sparks-statewide-concerns","title":"Battle Over San Francisco's Coastal Development Sparks Statewide Concerns","publishDate":1707998404,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Battle Over San Francisco’s Coastal Development Sparks Statewide Concerns | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>A feud over balancing housing needs and preserving the California coast as seas rise is brewing along the western shores of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Scott Wiener (D-San Francisco) introduced a bill — \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB951\">Senate Bill 951\u003c/a> — in mid-January that aims to remove urban San Francisco from the protections of the California Coastal Commission. He said his bill would “aid cities’ efforts to meet state housing goals by refining the commission’s role in housing approvals and permitting. Removing San Francisco from the commission’s tight regulations is about making it easier to build affordable housing in the city when dealing with a housing crisis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency regulates land and water use in the coastal zone — the boundary varies, but in San Francisco, it rides the coast and extends a few blocks into the city — including developing and preparing this area for rising sea levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"State Sen. Scott Wiener (D-San Francisco)\"]‘We should be able to have new housing in this area without giving a tool to anti-housing obstructionists so that they can abuse the Coastal Commission process to try to kill new housing.’[/pullquote]“Not enough housing is getting built, particularly, that’s affordable to working-class people,” Wiener said. “We need to make sure that all parts of San Francisco and all parts of California are doing their fair share.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Mayor London Breed sponsored the bill and \u003ca href=\"https://sd11.senate.ca.gov/news/20240119-senator-wiener-introduces-bill-exclude-urbanized-san-francisco-coastal-zone-clarify\">said in a press release that barriers to development need removal, even at the state level\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the kind of surgical, smart policy we need to expand housing opportunities while still being strong protectors of our natural environment,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener said he introduced the bill to make sure the city gets ahead of looming housing affordability issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We should be able to have new housing in this area without giving a tool to anti-housing obstructionists so that they can abuse the Coastal Commission process to try to kill new housing,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>‘The precedent is dangerous and scary’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Members of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, on the other hand, have ridiculed the plan, saying the bill is shortsighted, favors developers and would limit the commission’s power to prepare the city for future sea-level rise. The Board of Supervisors’ Land Use and Transportation Committee approved a resolution opposing Wieners’ bill, and the Board of Supervisors voted by a veto-proof majority to support it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Board President Aaron Peskin said Wiener overstepped and didn’t have “any idea that there would be this kind of a backlash.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The danger here goes far beyond a boundary adjustment in San Francisco County,” he said. “It just signals to developers that they can go to their state senator and start chopping apart one of California’s most cherished pieces of law. The precedent is dangerous and scary, and it’s got to be stopped now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Scott_Wiener/status/1755021067842986269\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Wiener says the bill is about creating affordable housing, Peskin believes Wiener’s bill is about permitting \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/opinion/openforum/article/sf-housing-sunset-skyscraper-18494637.php\">a 50-story high-rise planned for the Outer Sunset\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Senator Wiener wants to take that property out of the coastal zone,” he said. “The Coastal Commission hasn’t opposed that project but has the right to review that project. I think he wants to be able to pursue any kind of development along the Pacific Ocean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wiener refutes this, saying the Sunset and Richmond neighborhoods are not zoned for high-rise development and “the bill doesn’t touch zoning.” Development in these neighborhoods is a “strategy to reduce emissions and fight climate change.” \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Transportation is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in California, and living in dense urban communities allows people to drive less,” he said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate experts and coastal public officials across the state believe this idea would have statewide ramifications and could create a domino effect with other cities and counties following. They argue it could weaken the commission’s power to protect shoreline public access, regulate proposed development and plan for sea-level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill would “set a political precedent,” said UC Davis’ Mark Lubell, who studies the nexus between governance and rising seas. “I don’t think it’s a good strategy to try to erode [laws] that have statewide benefit for the very narrow local benefits for the housing development process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991452\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991452\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-15-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A surfer heads toward the water in tall grass with the ocean stretching out to a cloudy gray horizon.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-15-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-15-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-15-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-15-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-15-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-15-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-15-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A surfer watches the waves at Ocean Beach in San Francisco on Feb. 14, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lubell said a bill like this will not solve San Francisco’s housing crisis; instead, “It is going to take a regional approach that considers all of the housing opportunities across the entire Bay area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evan Rosen is a San Francisco resident who lives in the Parkside Neighborhood within the Sunset District. At a recent supervisor’s meeting, he stood alongside a long line of opponents to Wiener’s bill. He said it would be “undoubtedly the first step towards gutting the Coastal Commission’s authority.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would seem that [SB] 951 was crafted to begin turning Ocean Beach into Miami Beach,” he said. “As San Franciscans, we must prevent this from happening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>The beach will ‘ultimately disappear’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The California Coastal Commission is the state’s leading voice in planning for sea-level rise and policy experts and lawmakers said the new bill threatens that authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener’s bill would redraw the coastal zone boundary in San Francisco, removing portions of the Richmond and Sunset neighborhoods, a portion of Golden Gate Park, and other tweaks. He said the newly redrawn coastal zone would be limited to the beach up to the Great Highway. It would also narrow the types of coastal development permits the commission can appeal, which, Wiener said, “restricts the ability of local governments to swiftly move forward on projects that are within the listed permitted uses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991455\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991455\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-46-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-46-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-46-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-46-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-46-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-46-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-46-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-46-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gabriel Gabbert and his dog Kali stand along the Great Highway in San Francisco on Feb. 14, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Narrowing the coastal zone in this way would dramatically reduce the state’s role in important planning efforts for western San Francisco, particularly how that stretch of coastal area adapts to sea-level rise,” said Sean Drake, a senior legislative analyst for the commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drake said the bill would also limit how the commission can protect much of the critical infrastructure along the Great Highway, businesses and residential development. The coastal zone extends approximately four blocks into the city and encompasses about 6% of the city’s land area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"State Sen. John Laird (D-Santa Cruz)\"]‘… [I]t would unleash different developers and other people on me, asking me to exempt wherever their project is going to be from the coastal zone. I just don’t think that’s a good precedent.’[/pullquote]“As sea levels rise with little opportunity to implement comprehensive resiliency strategies, Ocean Beach will likely shrink against the exterior of the Great Highway and ultimately disappear,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the Coastal Commission voted unanimously to oppose the bill unless amended. Drake said the commission is working with the city and Wieners’s office to devise a solution that doesn’t include legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener said he is working with the commission and the San Francisco Planning Department on a compromise plan that would protect the coast while “having a pro-housing stance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laura Walsh, California policy manager with the Surfrider Foundation, lives in the Outer Sunset neighborhood and argues that the Coastal Commission is a needed authority for jurisdictions like San Francisco to plan for the looming climate threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11970148,news_11973653,news_11965492,news_11970993\"]“This is an environmental law that has kept our coastline in California safe for the public in light of sea-level rise,” she said. “It’s not something we want to be tweaking or eliminating boundaries around.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. John Laird (D-Santa Cruz), who represents around 20% of the coast from north of Santa Cruz to just south past Arroyo Grande, said Wiener’s bill “is a slippery slope” for developers to build in areas prone to flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In my case, it would unleash different developers and other people on me, asking me to exempt wherever their project is going to be from the coastal zone,” he said. “I just don’t think that’s a good precedent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laird applauds Wiener for taking action on the housing issue in San Francisco but said his idea would have negative implications for much of the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope that he can find a way to address it in San Francisco rather than bringing in the coastal zone of all the rest of our districts in an animated discussion about how to protect the coast,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>‘People who want to obstruct new housing’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Wiener said groups who oppose new housing easily manipulate the commission and use the planning process to stop or delay needed development in cities like San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Jean Barish, Richmond neighborhood resident\"]‘My experience at the beach would significantly change if there were 15- and 20-story high-rises lining the ocean. There would be a lot more traffic because those people would be coming in and going out. It just wouldn’t have the quiet, peaceful quality I came to love.’[/pullquote]“People who want to obstruct new housing on the west side of San Francisco have now figured out that they can use the Coastal Commission process to delay and potentially obstruct new housing,” he said. “That is not okay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The commission refutes the idea that its processes delay or obstruct new housing. Commission Legislative Director Sarah Christie said the commission certified San Francisco’s local coastal plan in 1986, and since then, there have only been two projects appealed to the commission, one of which had to do with housing. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The only appeal of a San Francisco housing project was in 1988, and the Commission dismissed it the month after it was filed,” she said. “This bill is a problem masquerading as a solution in search of a problem that doesn’t exist.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener believes the future of development on the western shore of San Francisco is at risk if the commission continues to hold power over parts of the neighborhoods. But environmental organizations like \u003ca href=\"https://azul.org/en/who-are-we/\">Azul\u003c/a>, a Latinx ocean conservation group, said the commission has not blocked many housing projects in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need more affordable housing, and we think that the Coastal Commission has in the past been a tool to enforce and push for that,” said Marce Gutiérrez-Graudiņš, founder and executive director of Azul. “We’re not sure why Wiener’s trying to weaken something that’s worked in the past for something that doesn’t seem the solution to that particular problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caryl Hart, chair of the commission, said affordable housing within the coastal zone is a mutual goal of the commission, the board of supervisors, environmental groups and Wiener.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we can come together, we can create the benefits for California that are severely needed,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991454\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991454\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-28-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-28-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-28-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-28-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-28-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-28-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-28-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-28-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A man walks toward Ocean Beach in San Francisco on Feb. 14, 2024 \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For Richmond neighborhood resident Jean Barish, who started going to Ocean Beach in high school decades ago, stopping Wiener’s bill is about preserving access to the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My experience at the beach would significantly change if there were 15- and 20-story high-rises lining the ocean,” she said. “There would be a lot more traffic because those people would be coming in and going out. It just wouldn’t have the quiet, peaceful quality I came to love.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was updated with additional comments from Sen. Wiener and officials with the Coastal Commission.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Joe Fitzgerald Rodriguez contributed reporting to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A feud over balancing housing needs and preserving the California coast as seas rise is brewing along the western shores of San Francisco. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1708130233,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":46,"wordCount":2116},"headData":{"title":"Battle Over San Francisco's Coastal Development Sparks Statewide Concerns | KQED","description":"A feud over balancing housing needs and preserving the California coast as seas rise is brewing along the western shores of San Francisco. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1991442/battle-over-san-franciscos-coastal-development-sparks-statewide-concerns","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A feud over balancing housing needs and preserving the California coast as seas rise is brewing along the western shores of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Scott Wiener (D-San Francisco) introduced a bill — \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB951\">Senate Bill 951\u003c/a> — in mid-January that aims to remove urban San Francisco from the protections of the California Coastal Commission. He said his bill would “aid cities’ efforts to meet state housing goals by refining the commission’s role in housing approvals and permitting. Removing San Francisco from the commission’s tight regulations is about making it easier to build affordable housing in the city when dealing with a housing crisis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency regulates land and water use in the coastal zone — the boundary varies, but in San Francisco, it rides the coast and extends a few blocks into the city — including developing and preparing this area for rising sea levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘We should be able to have new housing in this area without giving a tool to anti-housing obstructionists so that they can abuse the Coastal Commission process to try to kill new housing.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"State Sen. Scott Wiener (D-San Francisco)","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Not enough housing is getting built, particularly, that’s affordable to working-class people,” Wiener said. “We need to make sure that all parts of San Francisco and all parts of California are doing their fair share.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Mayor London Breed sponsored the bill and \u003ca href=\"https://sd11.senate.ca.gov/news/20240119-senator-wiener-introduces-bill-exclude-urbanized-san-francisco-coastal-zone-clarify\">said in a press release that barriers to development need removal, even at the state level\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the kind of surgical, smart policy we need to expand housing opportunities while still being strong protectors of our natural environment,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener said he introduced the bill to make sure the city gets ahead of looming housing affordability issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We should be able to have new housing in this area without giving a tool to anti-housing obstructionists so that they can abuse the Coastal Commission process to try to kill new housing,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>‘The precedent is dangerous and scary’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Members of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, on the other hand, have ridiculed the plan, saying the bill is shortsighted, favors developers and would limit the commission’s power to prepare the city for future sea-level rise. The Board of Supervisors’ Land Use and Transportation Committee approved a resolution opposing Wieners’ bill, and the Board of Supervisors voted by a veto-proof majority to support it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Board President Aaron Peskin said Wiener overstepped and didn’t have “any idea that there would be this kind of a backlash.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The danger here goes far beyond a boundary adjustment in San Francisco County,” he said. “It just signals to developers that they can go to their state senator and start chopping apart one of California’s most cherished pieces of law. The precedent is dangerous and scary, and it’s got to be stopped now.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1755021067842986269"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>While Wiener says the bill is about creating affordable housing, Peskin believes Wiener’s bill is about permitting \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/opinion/openforum/article/sf-housing-sunset-skyscraper-18494637.php\">a 50-story high-rise planned for the Outer Sunset\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Senator Wiener wants to take that property out of the coastal zone,” he said. “The Coastal Commission hasn’t opposed that project but has the right to review that project. I think he wants to be able to pursue any kind of development along the Pacific Ocean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wiener refutes this, saying the Sunset and Richmond neighborhoods are not zoned for high-rise development and “the bill doesn’t touch zoning.” Development in these neighborhoods is a “strategy to reduce emissions and fight climate change.” \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Transportation is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in California, and living in dense urban communities allows people to drive less,” he said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate experts and coastal public officials across the state believe this idea would have statewide ramifications and could create a domino effect with other cities and counties following. They argue it could weaken the commission’s power to protect shoreline public access, regulate proposed development and plan for sea-level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill would “set a political precedent,” said UC Davis’ Mark Lubell, who studies the nexus between governance and rising seas. “I don’t think it’s a good strategy to try to erode [laws] that have statewide benefit for the very narrow local benefits for the housing development process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991452\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991452\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-15-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A surfer heads toward the water in tall grass with the ocean stretching out to a cloudy gray horizon.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-15-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-15-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-15-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-15-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-15-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-15-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-15-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A surfer watches the waves at Ocean Beach in San Francisco on Feb. 14, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lubell said a bill like this will not solve San Francisco’s housing crisis; instead, “It is going to take a regional approach that considers all of the housing opportunities across the entire Bay area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evan Rosen is a San Francisco resident who lives in the Parkside Neighborhood within the Sunset District. At a recent supervisor’s meeting, he stood alongside a long line of opponents to Wiener’s bill. He said it would be “undoubtedly the first step towards gutting the Coastal Commission’s authority.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would seem that [SB] 951 was crafted to begin turning Ocean Beach into Miami Beach,” he said. “As San Franciscans, we must prevent this from happening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>The beach will ‘ultimately disappear’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The California Coastal Commission is the state’s leading voice in planning for sea-level rise and policy experts and lawmakers said the new bill threatens that authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener’s bill would redraw the coastal zone boundary in San Francisco, removing portions of the Richmond and Sunset neighborhoods, a portion of Golden Gate Park, and other tweaks. He said the newly redrawn coastal zone would be limited to the beach up to the Great Highway. It would also narrow the types of coastal development permits the commission can appeal, which, Wiener said, “restricts the ability of local governments to swiftly move forward on projects that are within the listed permitted uses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991455\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991455\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-46-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-46-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-46-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-46-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-46-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-46-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-46-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-46-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gabriel Gabbert and his dog Kali stand along the Great Highway in San Francisco on Feb. 14, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Narrowing the coastal zone in this way would dramatically reduce the state’s role in important planning efforts for western San Francisco, particularly how that stretch of coastal area adapts to sea-level rise,” said Sean Drake, a senior legislative analyst for the commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drake said the bill would also limit how the commission can protect much of the critical infrastructure along the Great Highway, businesses and residential development. The coastal zone extends approximately four blocks into the city and encompasses about 6% of the city’s land area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘… [I]t would unleash different developers and other people on me, asking me to exempt wherever their project is going to be from the coastal zone. I just don’t think that’s a good precedent.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"State Sen. John Laird (D-Santa Cruz)","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“As sea levels rise with little opportunity to implement comprehensive resiliency strategies, Ocean Beach will likely shrink against the exterior of the Great Highway and ultimately disappear,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the Coastal Commission voted unanimously to oppose the bill unless amended. Drake said the commission is working with the city and Wieners’s office to devise a solution that doesn’t include legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener said he is working with the commission and the San Francisco Planning Department on a compromise plan that would protect the coast while “having a pro-housing stance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laura Walsh, California policy manager with the Surfrider Foundation, lives in the Outer Sunset neighborhood and argues that the Coastal Commission is a needed authority for jurisdictions like San Francisco to plan for the looming climate threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"news_11970148,news_11973653,news_11965492,news_11970993"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“This is an environmental law that has kept our coastline in California safe for the public in light of sea-level rise,” she said. “It’s not something we want to be tweaking or eliminating boundaries around.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. John Laird (D-Santa Cruz), who represents around 20% of the coast from north of Santa Cruz to just south past Arroyo Grande, said Wiener’s bill “is a slippery slope” for developers to build in areas prone to flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In my case, it would unleash different developers and other people on me, asking me to exempt wherever their project is going to be from the coastal zone,” he said. “I just don’t think that’s a good precedent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laird applauds Wiener for taking action on the housing issue in San Francisco but said his idea would have negative implications for much of the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope that he can find a way to address it in San Francisco rather than bringing in the coastal zone of all the rest of our districts in an animated discussion about how to protect the coast,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>‘People who want to obstruct new housing’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Wiener said groups who oppose new housing easily manipulate the commission and use the planning process to stop or delay needed development in cities like San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘My experience at the beach would significantly change if there were 15- and 20-story high-rises lining the ocean. There would be a lot more traffic because those people would be coming in and going out. It just wouldn’t have the quiet, peaceful quality I came to love.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Jean Barish, Richmond neighborhood resident","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“People who want to obstruct new housing on the west side of San Francisco have now figured out that they can use the Coastal Commission process to delay and potentially obstruct new housing,” he said. “That is not okay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The commission refutes the idea that its processes delay or obstruct new housing. Commission Legislative Director Sarah Christie said the commission certified San Francisco’s local coastal plan in 1986, and since then, there have only been two projects appealed to the commission, one of which had to do with housing. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The only appeal of a San Francisco housing project was in 1988, and the Commission dismissed it the month after it was filed,” she said. “This bill is a problem masquerading as a solution in search of a problem that doesn’t exist.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener believes the future of development on the western shore of San Francisco is at risk if the commission continues to hold power over parts of the neighborhoods. But environmental organizations like \u003ca href=\"https://azul.org/en/who-are-we/\">Azul\u003c/a>, a Latinx ocean conservation group, said the commission has not blocked many housing projects in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need more affordable housing, and we think that the Coastal Commission has in the past been a tool to enforce and push for that,” said Marce Gutiérrez-Graudiņš, founder and executive director of Azul. “We’re not sure why Wiener’s trying to weaken something that’s worked in the past for something that doesn’t seem the solution to that particular problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caryl Hart, chair of the commission, said affordable housing within the coastal zone is a mutual goal of the commission, the board of supervisors, environmental groups and Wiener.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we can come together, we can create the benefits for California that are severely needed,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991454\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991454\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-28-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-28-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-28-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-28-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-28-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-28-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-28-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-28-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A man walks toward Ocean Beach in San Francisco on Feb. 14, 2024 \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For Richmond neighborhood resident Jean Barish, who started going to Ocean Beach in high school decades ago, stopping Wiener’s bill is about preserving access to the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My experience at the beach would significantly change if there were 15- and 20-story high-rises lining the ocean,” she said. “There would be a lot more traffic because those people would be coming in and going out. It just wouldn’t have the quiet, peaceful quality I came to love.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was updated with additional comments from Sen. Wiener and officials with the Coastal Commission.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Joe Fitzgerald Rodriguez contributed reporting to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1991442/battle-over-san-franciscos-coastal-development-sparks-statewide-concerns","authors":["11746"],"categories":["science_35","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_715","science_192","science_4417","science_4414","science_3779","science_201"],"featImg":"science_1991453","label":"science"},"science_1985560":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1985560","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1985560","score":null,"sort":[1701115474000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"faq-annual-climate-negotiations-are-about-to-start-do-they-matter","title":"Annual Climate Negotiations Are About To Start. Do They Matter?","publishDate":1701115474,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Annual Climate Negotiations Are About To Start. Do They Matter? | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>A major annual international climate meeting kicks off later this week in Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>World leaders are meeting from Nov. 30 to Dec. 12 to discuss the effects of climate change, efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and the increasingly pressing question of who will pay for the costs of a hotter planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attendance at the annual negotiations \u003ca href=\"https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/parties-non-party-stakeholders/non-party-stakeholders/statistics-on-non-party-stakeholders/statistics-on-participation-and-in-session-engagement\">has ballooned\u003c/a> and hit an \u003ca href=\"https://unfccc.int/news/cop27-reaches-breakthrough-agreement-on-new-loss-and-damage-fund-for-vulnerable-countries#:~:text=COP27%20brought%20together%20more%20than,how%20it%20impacts%20their%20lives.\">estimated 45,000 people\u003c/a> last year. Thousands of climate scientists, mayors, activists, corporate executives, and representatives of major oil companies will also fly to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/12/1148810078/the-uae-names-the-head-of-its-main-state-oil-company-to-lead-cop28\">petroleum-dependent host country\u003c/a> to attend hundreds of side events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The meeting comes at the close of the hottest year ever recorded on Earth. Extreme weather is killing people around the world. And while it’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/30/1208241783/its-unlikely-but-not-impossible-to-limit-global-warming-to-1-5-celsius-study-fin\">still possible\u003c/a> for humans to avoid catastrophic climate change effects — such as mass extinctions and runaway sea level rise by the end of this century — it is only possible if greenhouse gas pollution falls dramatically and immediately, scientists warn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, a fight is brewing over whether the countries most responsible for causing climate change will \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/07/1133270753/climate-change-loss-damage-cop27\">follow through on promises\u003c/a> to help the most vulnerable countries \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/08/1053669015/who-pays-for-climate-change\">foot the bill\u003c/a> for adapting to a hotter world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what you need to know about what’s at stake and what to expect.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why is this meeting happening and what is it supposed to achieve?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This meeting happens every year and is arranged by the branch of the United Nations that handles global negotiations about climate change. In U.N.-speak, the climate meeting is called the Conference of the Parties, or COP. This is the 28th Conference of the Parties, so it’s called COP28.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of the 2015 COP meeting, world leaders signed the landmark Paris Climate Agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Paris Agreement requires virtually every country on Earth to pledge how much they’ll cut planet-warming pollution and update those plans every few years. The goal is to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius compared to temperatures in the late 1800s, and ideally no more than 1.5 degrees Celsius.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, world leaders are required to review humanity’s collective progress toward that goal. And the situation is not good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A U.N. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/20/1213207121/this-is-how-far-behind-the-world-is-on-controlling-planet-warming-pollution\">analysis released this month\u003c/a> found that global greenhouse gas emissions are still rising, and the planet is on track for at least 2.5 degrees Celsius of warming by the end of the century. And while it’s still possible to stay below 2 degrees of warming — and every tenth of a degree of warming the world avoids will save lives — scientists warn that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/30/1208241783/its-unlikely-but-not-impossible-to-limit-global-warming-to-1-5-celsius-study-fin\">1.5-degree target is slipping away\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>These meetings have been happening for 30 years, and it feels like climate change is only getting worse. Do they really matter?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Last year’s COP27 meeting in Egypt ended with a watered-down agreement that left out language calling for a phaseout of all fossil fuels — the biggest driver of global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The summits have become a circus, “with the petrostates as the ringmasters” and everyone else as “the clowns,” Sandrine Dixson-Declève \u003ca href=\"https://www.clubofrome.org/blog-post/decleve-cop27/\">wrote last year\u003c/a>, as co-president of The Club of Rome, a nonprofit in Switzerland that works on climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem, Dixson-Declève told NPR, is combining international negotiations with a trade show. The number of lobbyists who attend the events has soared, she says, and civil society groups struggle to afford the cost of reserving pavilion space in the COP conference hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some are actually given easier access than others because they can pay for it. And that means that those that have pavilions might be able to invite certain governments to come and have a conversation,” Dixson-Declève says. “It may not seem like direct lobbying, but it is potentially indirect lobbying, depending on where the conversation goes. So I think it’s incredibly important that we take into consideration this aspect, which has created a very unfair playing field.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the COP meetings remain crucial events for activists and poor countries hit hardest by climate-fueled disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the big values of the U.N. process, actually, is that everybody’s at the table,” says David Waskow, director of the International Climate Initiative at the World Resources Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The meetings are not “a panacea,” Waskow adds, but they “give us a sense of the direction we need to travel in and also can be a catalyst.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rishikesh Ram Bhandary, assistant director of the Global Economic Governance Initiative at Boston University, says he understands the public’s frustration with the climate talks. Part of it seems to stem from a mismatch between the U.N.’s multilateral process, which ensures every country has a say but often delivers incremental progress, and the urgency people feel as the impacts of climate change get worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That tension has only grown as the United Arab Emirates, a big oil producer, prepares to host this year’s meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given its knowledge of oil and gas, the UAE has a chance to chart a practical but ambitious path to move the world off of fossil fuels, Dixson-Declève says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That would be the perfect scenario,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the world seems to be moving in the opposite direction. António Guterres, the U.N. secretary-general, \u003ca href=\"https://productiongap.org/unsg-message-2023/\">said earlier in November\u003c/a> that governments “are literally doubling down on fossil fuel production.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/co2-cop28-20231120/?initialWidth=953&childId=responsive-embed-co2-cop28-20231120&parentTitle=Everything%20you%20need%20to%20know%20about%20the%20COP28%20climate%20change%20meeting%20%3A%20NPR&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2023%2F11%2F27%2F1209676382%2Fcop28-climate-change-conference-faq\" width=\"1000\" height=\"620\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What will be a contentious topic at these talks?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One of the biggest debates will be the overcompensation that wealthier countries could pay to nations hardest hit by climate change. It’s known as “loss and damage.” Lower-income countries bear the brunt of climate impacts, such as floods, fires and drought that cause billions of dollars in destruction. But they have contributed little to the planetary warming driving those disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Countries like the U.S. and those in Europe built their wealth through fossil fuel use and are responsible for most of the heat-trapping emissions in the atmosphere today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, developing nations have argued that they’re owed for the damage caused by climate change. Loss and damage funding could be used to prepare for future impacts, like building infrastructure or \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/07/1133270753/climate-change-loss-damage-cop27\">relocating communities\u003c/a>, as well as compensating them for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/07/1133270753/climate-change-loss-damage-cop27\">irreplaceable cultural resources\u003c/a> that have been lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the 2022 climate summit, countries \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/20/1137349916/did-the-world-make-progress-on-climate-change-heres-what-was-decided-at-global-t\">made a historic agreement\u003c/a> to create a fund, especially for that purpose. Since then, negotiations have been bumpy. Countries have argued about which nations should pay into the fund, which should be eligible to receive funding, and where the fund is housed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/climate-change-cop28-loss-damage-fund-abu-dhabi-bd4969f1b23254a7311d1ad4f4289d9b\">the plan is\u003c/a> for the World Bank to house the “loss and damage” fund temporarily. But global leaders would need to sign off on that plan at the COP28 talks. And some developing countries are concerned about the plan because it only urges, not requires, richer countries to contribute funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985562\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985562\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Rescuers remove mud and debris as they search for people feared trapped after a landslide near a temple on the outskirts of Shimla, Himachal Pradesh state, Aug. 14, 2023.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rescuers search for people after a landslide in India in August that was caused by torrential rains. Climate-driven disasters are particularly destructive in places that are not wealthy, and such disasters can set off cycles of destruction, debt and further vulnerability. \u003ccite>(Pradeep Kumar/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Why is money such a big topic at the meeting?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Industrialized countries have pledged $100 billion annually to developing countries to help them adapt to global warming and move away from fossil fuels, but studies suggest much more money is needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The needs for climate finance are much, much higher — more on the order of a trillion dollars per year,” says Laura Kuhl, assistant professor of public policy and international affairs at Northeastern University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent assessment from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.oecd.org/environment/growth-accelerated-in-the-climate-finance-provided-and-mobilised-in-2021-but-developed-countries-remain-short.htm\">Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development\u003c/a> says developing countries will need at least $2.4 trillion each year by 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This money — called “climate finance” — can help developing countries switch from planet-heating fossil fuels to clean energy. It also includes money for adapting to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stacy-ann Robinson, an associate professor of environmental studies at Colby College, says you can’t talk about climate finance without talking about climate justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Countries in the Global South,” Robinson says, “are saying, ‘Listen, we contributed the least to historical greenhouse gas emissions, but based on a number of factors — environmental and otherwise — we will be impacted the most.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why back in 2009 at the climate conference in Copenhagen, Denmark, industrialized nations announced that \u003cem>they\u003c/em> would take the lead on climate finance. They pledged that by 2020, they would give $100 billion each year toward funding climate adaptation and reducing fossil fuel use in the Global South.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They missed the 2020 goal. And although industrialized nations \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.oecd.org/climate-change/finance-usd-100-billion-goal/__;!!Iwwt!TcowzyOv2FKzOEQ2b2ribe2pUfpddVlARAVq0htz59aiMKvGjGYB7r4G9AdEE25TLeLgv9DyTp0S-yui5pg%24\">may have finally reached the $100 billion\u003c/a> mark in 2022, in Dubai, the discussions will center on how to get closer to the trillion dollar range. This will involve engaging countries, institutions like the World Bank and the IMF, and the private sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How do wars in the Middle East and Ukraine affect climate talks this year?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>They won’t help. Climate diplomacy is already contentious. The conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East are further complicating, if not worsening, diplomatic relations among some of the world’s largest historic contributors to climate change — namely, the United States, Russia and China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.N. Secretary-General Guterres acknowledged the problem in recent remarks, saying that it’s clear that world leaders face “distractions” from addressing climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has trashed its relations with the U.S. and the European Union, which have been providing Ukraine with billions of dollars in aid and weaponry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At last year’s climate talks, representatives from developing countries raised questions about why rich countries like the U.S. have been quick to deliver weapons while slow-walking funds for climate adaptation and clean energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those concerns are likely to come up again in Dubai, as the U.S. is now delivering billions of dollars more to Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Israel’s continued bombardment of the Gaza Strip is also raising the ire of other countries in the Middle East and Global South, and a broader regional conflict could cause chaos in the world’s energy markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this makes it more difficult for world leaders to maintain consensus and focus on addressing the global issue of human-caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=FAQ%3A+Annual+climate+negotiations+are+about+to+start.+Do+they+matter%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"World leaders, climate experts and oil company executives will converge in Dubai later this week to talk about climate change at the United Nations COP28 meeting. Here's what you need to know.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704845817,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/co2-cop28-20231120/"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":46,"wordCount":1810},"headData":{"title":"Annual Climate Negotiations Are About To Start. Do They Matter? | KQED","description":"World leaders, climate experts and oil company executives will converge in Dubai later this week to talk about climate change at the United Nations COP28 meeting. Here's what you need to know.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"NPR","sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"Frank Augstein","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/1134404086/michael-copley\">Michael Copley\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/1119646476/julia-simon\">Julia Simon\u003c/a>, \u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/348779465/nathan-rott\">Nathan Rott\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/803934365/lauren-sommer\">Lauren Sommer\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/384067907/rebecca-hersher\">Rebecca Hersher\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"AP","nprStoryId":"1209676382","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1209676382&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/27/1209676382/cop28-climate-change-conference-faq?ft=nprml&f=1209676382","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 27 Nov 2023 08:14:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 27 Nov 2023 05:00:52 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 27 Nov 2023 08:14:11 -0500","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1985560/faq-annual-climate-negotiations-are-about-to-start-do-they-matter","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A major annual international climate meeting kicks off later this week in Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>World leaders are meeting from Nov. 30 to Dec. 12 to discuss the effects of climate change, efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and the increasingly pressing question of who will pay for the costs of a hotter planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attendance at the annual negotiations \u003ca href=\"https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/parties-non-party-stakeholders/non-party-stakeholders/statistics-on-non-party-stakeholders/statistics-on-participation-and-in-session-engagement\">has ballooned\u003c/a> and hit an \u003ca href=\"https://unfccc.int/news/cop27-reaches-breakthrough-agreement-on-new-loss-and-damage-fund-for-vulnerable-countries#:~:text=COP27%20brought%20together%20more%20than,how%20it%20impacts%20their%20lives.\">estimated 45,000 people\u003c/a> last year. Thousands of climate scientists, mayors, activists, corporate executives, and representatives of major oil companies will also fly to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/12/1148810078/the-uae-names-the-head-of-its-main-state-oil-company-to-lead-cop28\">petroleum-dependent host country\u003c/a> to attend hundreds of side events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The meeting comes at the close of the hottest year ever recorded on Earth. Extreme weather is killing people around the world. And while it’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/30/1208241783/its-unlikely-but-not-impossible-to-limit-global-warming-to-1-5-celsius-study-fin\">still possible\u003c/a> for humans to avoid catastrophic climate change effects — such as mass extinctions and runaway sea level rise by the end of this century — it is only possible if greenhouse gas pollution falls dramatically and immediately, scientists warn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, a fight is brewing over whether the countries most responsible for causing climate change will \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/07/1133270753/climate-change-loss-damage-cop27\">follow through on promises\u003c/a> to help the most vulnerable countries \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/08/1053669015/who-pays-for-climate-change\">foot the bill\u003c/a> for adapting to a hotter world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what you need to know about what’s at stake and what to expect.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why is this meeting happening and what is it supposed to achieve?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This meeting happens every year and is arranged by the branch of the United Nations that handles global negotiations about climate change. In U.N.-speak, the climate meeting is called the Conference of the Parties, or COP. This is the 28th Conference of the Parties, so it’s called COP28.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of the 2015 COP meeting, world leaders signed the landmark Paris Climate Agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Paris Agreement requires virtually every country on Earth to pledge how much they’ll cut planet-warming pollution and update those plans every few years. The goal is to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius compared to temperatures in the late 1800s, and ideally no more than 1.5 degrees Celsius.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, world leaders are required to review humanity’s collective progress toward that goal. And the situation is not good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A U.N. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/20/1213207121/this-is-how-far-behind-the-world-is-on-controlling-planet-warming-pollution\">analysis released this month\u003c/a> found that global greenhouse gas emissions are still rising, and the planet is on track for at least 2.5 degrees Celsius of warming by the end of the century. And while it’s still possible to stay below 2 degrees of warming — and every tenth of a degree of warming the world avoids will save lives — scientists warn that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/30/1208241783/its-unlikely-but-not-impossible-to-limit-global-warming-to-1-5-celsius-study-fin\">1.5-degree target is slipping away\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>These meetings have been happening for 30 years, and it feels like climate change is only getting worse. Do they really matter?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Last year’s COP27 meeting in Egypt ended with a watered-down agreement that left out language calling for a phaseout of all fossil fuels — the biggest driver of global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The summits have become a circus, “with the petrostates as the ringmasters” and everyone else as “the clowns,” Sandrine Dixson-Declève \u003ca href=\"https://www.clubofrome.org/blog-post/decleve-cop27/\">wrote last year\u003c/a>, as co-president of The Club of Rome, a nonprofit in Switzerland that works on climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem, Dixson-Declève told NPR, is combining international negotiations with a trade show. The number of lobbyists who attend the events has soared, she says, and civil society groups struggle to afford the cost of reserving pavilion space in the COP conference hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some are actually given easier access than others because they can pay for it. And that means that those that have pavilions might be able to invite certain governments to come and have a conversation,” Dixson-Declève says. “It may not seem like direct lobbying, but it is potentially indirect lobbying, depending on where the conversation goes. So I think it’s incredibly important that we take into consideration this aspect, which has created a very unfair playing field.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the COP meetings remain crucial events for activists and poor countries hit hardest by climate-fueled disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the big values of the U.N. process, actually, is that everybody’s at the table,” says David Waskow, director of the International Climate Initiative at the World Resources Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The meetings are not “a panacea,” Waskow adds, but they “give us a sense of the direction we need to travel in and also can be a catalyst.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rishikesh Ram Bhandary, assistant director of the Global Economic Governance Initiative at Boston University, says he understands the public’s frustration with the climate talks. Part of it seems to stem from a mismatch between the U.N.’s multilateral process, which ensures every country has a say but often delivers incremental progress, and the urgency people feel as the impacts of climate change get worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That tension has only grown as the United Arab Emirates, a big oil producer, prepares to host this year’s meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given its knowledge of oil and gas, the UAE has a chance to chart a practical but ambitious path to move the world off of fossil fuels, Dixson-Declève says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That would be the perfect scenario,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the world seems to be moving in the opposite direction. António Guterres, the U.N. secretary-general, \u003ca href=\"https://productiongap.org/unsg-message-2023/\">said earlier in November\u003c/a> that governments “are literally doubling down on fossil fuel production.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/co2-cop28-20231120/?initialWidth=953&childId=responsive-embed-co2-cop28-20231120&parentTitle=Everything%20you%20need%20to%20know%20about%20the%20COP28%20climate%20change%20meeting%20%3A%20NPR&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2023%2F11%2F27%2F1209676382%2Fcop28-climate-change-conference-faq\" width=\"1000\" height=\"620\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What will be a contentious topic at these talks?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One of the biggest debates will be the overcompensation that wealthier countries could pay to nations hardest hit by climate change. It’s known as “loss and damage.” Lower-income countries bear the brunt of climate impacts, such as floods, fires and drought that cause billions of dollars in destruction. But they have contributed little to the planetary warming driving those disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Countries like the U.S. and those in Europe built their wealth through fossil fuel use and are responsible for most of the heat-trapping emissions in the atmosphere today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, developing nations have argued that they’re owed for the damage caused by climate change. Loss and damage funding could be used to prepare for future impacts, like building infrastructure or \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/07/1133270753/climate-change-loss-damage-cop27\">relocating communities\u003c/a>, as well as compensating them for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/07/1133270753/climate-change-loss-damage-cop27\">irreplaceable cultural resources\u003c/a> that have been lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the 2022 climate summit, countries \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/20/1137349916/did-the-world-make-progress-on-climate-change-heres-what-was-decided-at-global-t\">made a historic agreement\u003c/a> to create a fund, especially for that purpose. Since then, negotiations have been bumpy. Countries have argued about which nations should pay into the fund, which should be eligible to receive funding, and where the fund is housed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/climate-change-cop28-loss-damage-fund-abu-dhabi-bd4969f1b23254a7311d1ad4f4289d9b\">the plan is\u003c/a> for the World Bank to house the “loss and damage” fund temporarily. But global leaders would need to sign off on that plan at the COP28 talks. And some developing countries are concerned about the plan because it only urges, not requires, richer countries to contribute funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985562\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985562\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Rescuers remove mud and debris as they search for people feared trapped after a landslide near a temple on the outskirts of Shimla, Himachal Pradesh state, Aug. 14, 2023.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rescuers search for people after a landslide in India in August that was caused by torrential rains. Climate-driven disasters are particularly destructive in places that are not wealthy, and such disasters can set off cycles of destruction, debt and further vulnerability. \u003ccite>(Pradeep Kumar/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Why is money such a big topic at the meeting?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Industrialized countries have pledged $100 billion annually to developing countries to help them adapt to global warming and move away from fossil fuels, but studies suggest much more money is needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The needs for climate finance are much, much higher — more on the order of a trillion dollars per year,” says Laura Kuhl, assistant professor of public policy and international affairs at Northeastern University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent assessment from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.oecd.org/environment/growth-accelerated-in-the-climate-finance-provided-and-mobilised-in-2021-but-developed-countries-remain-short.htm\">Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development\u003c/a> says developing countries will need at least $2.4 trillion each year by 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This money — called “climate finance” — can help developing countries switch from planet-heating fossil fuels to clean energy. It also includes money for adapting to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stacy-ann Robinson, an associate professor of environmental studies at Colby College, says you can’t talk about climate finance without talking about climate justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Countries in the Global South,” Robinson says, “are saying, ‘Listen, we contributed the least to historical greenhouse gas emissions, but based on a number of factors — environmental and otherwise — we will be impacted the most.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why back in 2009 at the climate conference in Copenhagen, Denmark, industrialized nations announced that \u003cem>they\u003c/em> would take the lead on climate finance. They pledged that by 2020, they would give $100 billion each year toward funding climate adaptation and reducing fossil fuel use in the Global South.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They missed the 2020 goal. And although industrialized nations \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.oecd.org/climate-change/finance-usd-100-billion-goal/__;!!Iwwt!TcowzyOv2FKzOEQ2b2ribe2pUfpddVlARAVq0htz59aiMKvGjGYB7r4G9AdEE25TLeLgv9DyTp0S-yui5pg%24\">may have finally reached the $100 billion\u003c/a> mark in 2022, in Dubai, the discussions will center on how to get closer to the trillion dollar range. This will involve engaging countries, institutions like the World Bank and the IMF, and the private sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How do wars in the Middle East and Ukraine affect climate talks this year?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>They won’t help. Climate diplomacy is already contentious. The conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East are further complicating, if not worsening, diplomatic relations among some of the world’s largest historic contributors to climate change — namely, the United States, Russia and China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.N. Secretary-General Guterres acknowledged the problem in recent remarks, saying that it’s clear that world leaders face “distractions” from addressing climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has trashed its relations with the U.S. and the European Union, which have been providing Ukraine with billions of dollars in aid and weaponry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At last year’s climate talks, representatives from developing countries raised questions about why rich countries like the U.S. have been quick to deliver weapons while slow-walking funds for climate adaptation and clean energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those concerns are likely to come up again in Dubai, as the U.S. is now delivering billions of dollars more to Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Israel’s continued bombardment of the Gaza Strip is also raising the ire of other countries in the Middle East and Global South, and a broader regional conflict could cause chaos in the world’s energy markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this makes it more difficult for world leaders to maintain consensus and focus on addressing the global issue of human-caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=FAQ%3A+Annual+climate+negotiations+are+about+to+start.+Do+they+matter%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1985560/faq-annual-climate-negotiations-are-about-to-start-do-they-matter","authors":["byline_science_1985560"],"categories":["science_31","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_182","science_194","science_572","science_134","science_4417","science_4414","science_556","science_843","science_206","science_201","science_365"],"featImg":"science_1985561","label":"source_science_1985560"},"science_1983312":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1983312","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1983312","score":null,"sort":[1689073200000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"what-happened-to-californias-salmon-season-this-year","title":"What Happened to California's Salmon Season This Year?","publishDate":1689073200,"format":"audio","headTitle":"What Happened to California’s Salmon Season This Year? | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>On the steps of the state Capitol in Sacramento last week, beneath the grand white dome, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2023/04/11/opinion-californias-salmon-season-shutdown-was-avoidable/\">Sarah Bates\u003c/a> called out the absence of salmon from July 4th holiday celebrations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There had been parades and fireworks, said Bates, who commercially fishes out of San Francisco. “But when I sat down for dinner with my family, what was missing? Where’s the fish?” she shouted with disdain, presumably within earshot of some lawmakers. “Where’s the salmon? Where’s my fresh, local salmon? Today’s my baby’s first birthday. She’s not eating salmon tonight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next generation was also on the mind of Jason Jackson-Reed, a member of the Hoopa Valley Tribe. He addressed the crowd as he cradled his 1-month-old son in a carrier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our [tribe’s] social well-being, physical, our cultural, our spiritual well-being, it all runs parallel to the salmon,” he said. “If the salmon aren’t doing good, we’re not doing good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He traced the construction of dams and demise of once abundant fishing stocks to hard times and poor health for the Hoopa people, including diabetes, high blood pressure and addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And it’s not going to change until the Natives start writing the narrative and we start re-Indigenizing [water] management,” Jackson-Reed said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983349\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1983349\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-01-KQED-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"A group of protesters under colorful umbrellas rally in front of the white, stately Capitol building. \" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-01-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-01-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-01-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-01-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-01-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-01-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-01-KQED.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gary Mulcahy, government liaison for the Winnemem Wintu Tribe, addresses the crowd at the Day of Action for California Water Justice and Salmon rally on July 5, 2023, at the state Capitol. \u003ccite>(Danielle Venton/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This spring, fisheries managers closed the commercial and recreational salmon season off the coast of California, owing to cratering fish populations, for the first time since 2009. Every one of the few fish left from the generation of Chinook salmon currently swimming in the ocean are needed to return to their natal streams and spawn, managers decided.[pullquote align='right' citation='Jon Rosenfield, senior scientist, San Francisco Baykeeper']‘The state is responsible for reviewing and updating water quality standards. And for at least 14 years, the state has not acknowledged that its water quality standards are inadequate to protect fisheries and the native fish in the Bay Delta writ large: not just endangered species, not just commercial fisheries, like all of them.’[/pullquote]On the Capitol steps, Bates, Jackson-Reed and other tribal leaders and environmental activists charged that officials, and the Newsom administration in particular, are failing the people and species that benefit from the Sacramento River system by appeasing wealthy farms and other big water users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The closure of the fishing season was not an inevitable result of this drought, say members of this \u003ca href=\"https://www.restorethedelta.org/wp-content/uploads/Coalition-Statement-Day-of-Action.pdf\">broad coalition\u003c/a>, which includes the Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians, the Winnemem Wintu Tribe and Restore the Delta. Instead, they say, it was a result of choices made by state and federal officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This view is shared even by some former state employees.[pullquote align='right' citation='Chuck Bonham, director, California Department of Fish and Wildlife']‘I just want to get something done. I’ve been watching this debate for a long time and I think what’s mostly needed is putting water back in our rivers, combined with significant habitat restoration as fast as we can do it. There’s great promise in the voluntary agreements, but I understand the criticisms.’[/pullquote]“It’s a damning reflection on the state of California water management and policy and just how degraded our aquatic ecosystems have become,” said Max Gomberg, water consultant and former climate change mitigation strategist at the State Water Resources Control Board (also known as the State Water Board), in an interview with KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The season’s closure, he said, is due to the lack of government action on its legal and moral responsibilities to protect the state’s natural heritage, its wildlife and ecosystems, against the agricultural industry, which he characterized as “overly focused on short-term profits and too used to getting its way with respect to regulatory policy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gomberg was so frustrated by what he saw as the Newsom administration’s commitment to a dysfunctional status quo and a desire to control regulatory agencies, that \u003ca href=\"https://onthepublicrecord.org/2022/07/16/on-your-watch/\">he quit\u003c/a> the water board last summer in protest over its direction, or lack of it — a direction he said comes from the top.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It got to a point where [I was] watching on the one hand the [water] board make commitments towards racial justice and equity and environmental restoration, and then on the other hand, being impeded to honor those commitments by the governor’s office,” Gomberg said. “I realized that I could no longer tolerate that state of affairs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Storing, sharing and saving water in California is a complex cotillion among federal, state and local agencies — and has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/flood-desert-california-water-wars-violent/\">a point of social tension for decades\u003c/a>. But conservation groups, and those aligned with them, say the state has failed in its role for years and the situation has gotten worse under Newsom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#fish\">\u003ci>Confused about who manages California’s water? Jump to a quick primer.\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Before Newsom took office\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Newsom and current state officials say they are seeking to balance the needs of the environment and a state full of thirsty people and businesses — and that climate change and a punishing drought have dealt them unprecedented challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there was a change in tenor regarding California water policy even before Newsom officially took office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under former Gov. Jerry Brown, the California Water Board completed the first phase of its water quality control plan review in 2018 — a scientific review process that tries to ensure fish have what they need. It dramatically increased environmental flow standards for the San Joaquin River’s three lower tributaries — the Tuolumne, Stanislaus and Merced — and was expected to greatly improve the health of the rivers, but it was unpopular among commercial farmers who stood to receive less water. (These plans are supposed to be evaluated, and updated if need be, every three years. In reality, it takes decades.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was a major accomplishment,” said Jon Rosenfield, senior scientist with San Francisco Baykeeper. But “the Newsom administration, before it even became the Newsom administration, tried to block that update.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23870314-20181106-brown-newsom-ltr-postponing-swrcb-phase-i-process\">Newsom sent a letter to Board Chair Felicia Marcus (PDF)\u003c/a>, dated Nov. 6, 2018, the day he was elected, asking the board to postpone the changes, saying the extension would allow the state and water stakeholders to keep negotiating voluntary agreements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Newsom took office in January, he did not reappoint Marcus as Water Board chair. While Marcus had attracted the \u003ca href=\"https://mcclintock.house.gov/newsroom/press-releases/letter-to-felicia-marcus-chair-california-water-resources-control-board\">ire of conservative politicians\u003c/a> such as Tom McClintock during her tenure, many in the environmental nonprofit and academic California water policy world saw her as an effective champion for fish. They were disappointed with the change in direction, which they saw as backtracking, signaled by her removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Witnessing the agency’s ability to tackle big challenges nearly eviscerated by this Administration has been gut wrenching,” Gomberg wrote in his \u003ca href=\"https://onthepublicrecord.org/2022/07/16/on-your-watch/\">resignation letter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thus it is that while state law has officially afforded greater protections and more water to the San Joaquin River and its tributaries, the fish in that system have not benefited yet. The updates have not been implemented, and the state has not made anyone responsible to provide the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same month the Water Board released its proposal for the first phase of updates, in July 2018, it also signaled that its second phase, covering the Sacramento River and the delta, would \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/bio/doug-obegi/state-water-board-proposes-increased-delta-outflow\">recommend that more water flow\u003c/a> out of the delta and the state divert less water to farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom blocked the first phase of the update from going into effect and the second phase from proceeding, seeking instead to form “\u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/delta_watermaster/docs/frameworkofvolagreementsfnl.pdf\">voluntary agreements\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are governance structures formed by the state, water users and participating conservation groups working together, instead of the rules being written by the Water Board itself. \u003ca href=\"https://voluntaryagreements.org/\">Water agencies\u003c/a> and some conservation groups, such as Ducks Unlimited, support this approach, saying it is more flexible, saves time and avoids litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>When Newsom took charge of the state’s vast water infrastructure\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When asked “who is to blame” for the closure of the current salmon season, Baykeeper’s Rosenfield points squarely at the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state is responsible for reviewing and updating water quality standards. And for at least 14 years, the state has not acknowledged that its water quality standards are inadequate to protect fisheries and the native fish in the Bay Delta writ large — not just endangered species, not just commercial fisheries, like all of them,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State Water Board last overhauled these standards in 1995. They are supposed to be reviewed every three years. The current review process began in 2008 and is now stalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In reports and memos, the State Water Board, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the former Secretary of the Interior Sally Jewell have all said the current regulations for the San Francisco Bay Delta do not protect the ecosystem and are not enough to ensure the future of salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosenfield points to a decrease in water quality in the delta, seen in the increasing frequency of harmful algal blooms — stagnant, green water that’s toxic to touch. What’s needed, he says, is more flowing water and fewer diversions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are all signs that the water quality standards have been inadequate,” said Rosenfield. “And yet Gov. Newsom has actively blocked updates of those water quality standards in favor of voluntary agreement that he wants to negotiate with water districts and that still haven’t materialized.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tribes, environmental justice organizations and other conservation groups strongly oppose this non-regulatory route, saying the process excludes them when the real, important decisions are being made and still prioritizes water deliveries to grow export crops over native fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosenfield also faults Newsom for, early in his administration, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2019-09-27/gavin-newsom-vetoes-california-bill-trump-environment-rollbacks\">vetoing a bill, SB1\u003c/a>, passed by wide margins that would have allowed the state to adopt Obama-era federal endangered species regulations as state regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was seen as a bulwark against the Trump administration rolling back environmental protections at the federal level,” said Rosenfield. “Gov. Newsom vetoed that legislation over his own party’s majority and said, ‘We have the tools that we need to deal with this. We can protect the fish on our fish and water quality on our own, and we will.’ And he hasn’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, six out of the last 10 years, and in all of the last three years, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drought/tucp/\">state waived\u003c/a> its basic water quality standards, which means that flows have been reduced both in critically dry years and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/02/water-board-waives-environmental-rules-delta-water/\">even in wetter-than-normal\u003c/a> years with an abundant snowpack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1951544\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1951544 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/CohoSpawning-1020x573.jpg\" alt=\"A large fish with a crooked nose and a bright pink belly. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/CohoSpawning-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/CohoSpawning-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/CohoSpawning-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/CohoSpawning-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/CohoSpawning-1200x674.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/CohoSpawning.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This coho salmon’s red belly indicates it is spawning. \u003ccite>(U.S. Geological Survey)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>What happened to the fish that should have been caught this year?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Eggs from the fish that should have been in the ocean this winter and spring were laid in their natal streams back in the fall of 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But so few survived the warm, shallow river and drought conditions that fisheries managers decided it could imperil species survival for any of them to be caught commercially or recreationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a case of climate whiplash. While 2019 was a wet year, 2020 was dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And even though we had just come off of pretty much full reservoirs in 2019, too much water was delivered [to irrigators] in 2019,” said Rosenfield, who says water managers did not prepare for the 2020 drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Bureau of Reclamation and the Department of Water Resources are sort of notorious for not preparing for drought,” he added. “They treat every wet year as though next year is going to be wet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, when dry years began again in 2020, not much backup water was in reserve. And then?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They start asking to cut environmental regulations,” Rosenfield said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He points to one particular example with the Bureau of Reclamation’s decision to reduce flows below Shasta Dam in the fall of 2020, under the oversight of the State Water Board. Endangered winter-run Chinook salmon were no longer in the river, having spawned the previous spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency was able to deliver water to “their clients downstream,” Rosenfield said. “But they did it in such a way that wound up de-watering the nests — the redds — of fall-run Chinook salmon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These fish make up the heart of the West Coast salmon fishery. The bureau prioritized one group of salmon over the other so they could still serve clients, Rosenfield said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early February through mid-April of 2021, the water temperature below Shasta Dam was too hot. Fish suffocated. The amount of water flowing was too low to meet legal requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And the fact that they didn’t even meet the already very low and known-to-be-inadequate river flow standard that applies in a critical dry year,” said Rosenfield, “it tells you that the survival was very bad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an experiment, about 1,000 hatchery fish tagged with transmitters were released near Red Bluff on the Sacramento River. Of these, just three survived to swim past Sacramento, and \u003ca href=\"https://oceanview.pfeg.noaa.gov/CalFishTrack/pageCNFH_FMR_2021.html\">none survived\u003c/a> to exit the delta and make it into the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945871\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1945871 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/GettyImages-53033438-1020x735.jpg\" alt=\"Green and sliver fish swim through grey water. \" width=\"640\" height=\"461\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Chinook salmon, along with a school of shad. \u003ccite>(Photo b Jeff T. Green/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>A long, extended decline for salmon\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Chuck Bonham, director of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, said that the closure of this year’s salmon season occurred against a backdrop of a century of ecological devastation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we only focus on this year, it does a disservice to salmon and their legacy,” he told KQED. “Because the reality is since maybe the 1950s, what’s been going on for the populations of salmon is a long, extended decline.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He points to roads, dams and the rest of the built environment affecting salmon, cutting them off from the bulk of their natural habitat. (Two California academics specializing in salmon also pointed to the decades-long degradation of salmon habitat as a key reason for the season’s closure.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Layer on top of that, Bonham says, huge demands for water from 40 million people and the rapidly increasing climate change impacts, Western society has effectively dealt salmon a one-two-three punch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Referencing the critical time period during the spring and summer of 2021, when the fish that could otherwise have been caught in the ocean this year were dying, Bonham said the collection of state and federal agencies that manage flow and temperature below Shasta Dam had to make very challenging decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t do well at it,” he said, speaking frankly. “And as a result, we had increased mortality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, he said, things were different the following year; the collection of agencies learned from missteps in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We — this agency dynamic — did better trying to achieve those flow and temperature objectives below Shasta Dam,” Bonham said. “And we had much lower mortality and impacts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it came at a cost to some water users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things that also occurred was, in the Sacramento Valley, agriculture fallowed about 500,000 acres, which is an unprecedented result from their perspective,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state gave \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/12/01/california-drought-state-water-project-will-deliver-no-water-next-year/\">farms and cities virtually no water\u003c/a> from the State Water Project in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about the state’s preference for seeking voluntary agreements instead of the normal regulatory route, Bonham acknowledged that many advocates view them as insufficient. But, he said, they’re part of a sincere effort to make progress amid “seemingly unwinnable” water wars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just want to get something done,” he said. “I’ve been watching this debate for a long time and I think what’s mostly needed is putting water back in our rivers, combined with significant habitat restoration as fast as we can do it. There’s great promise in the voluntary agreements, but I understand the criticisms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In public comments Gov. Newsom has pushed away the idea of any blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/ytSO6YRNW38?t=1294\">March 24 press conference\u003c/a>, at a ground recharge project in Yolo County, he announced he was easing drought restrictions, aiming to boost water storage. A reporter asked if he thought his policies may have done some harm to salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Absolutely not,” Newsom said. He pointed out that what went wrong with this year’s salmon occurred three years ago, implying he could not have played a role. (Newsom was sworn in as governor four years and six months ago.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So anyone who suggests otherwise is being purposely misleading or unknowingly misleading. I think it’s more the former often in terms of what I hear out there and some of the extreme statements that are made,” he said, hinting at the fish activists. He added that he listens to expert advice and takes salmon issues seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ll take a back seat to no governor in the United States of America in terms of my environmental stewardship and passion,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983366\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1983366\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-02-KQED-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"A group of protestors in colorful clothing stand with banners and signs in front of a white, ornate building. \" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-02-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-02-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-02-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-02-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-02-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-02-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-02-KQED.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Morning Star Gali, vice-chairperson of the Pit River Tribe, told the assembled crowd that ‘we cannot have truth and healing for California tribes and drive salmon into extinction,’ at the Day of Action for California Water Justice and Salmon rally on July 5, 2023, at the state Capitol. \u003ccite>(Danielle Venton/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Tribes say the state’s inaction is a violation of civil rights\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>However, several tribal and environmental justice groups, including the Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians and the Winnemem Wintu Tribe, along with Little Manila Rising, a neighborhood group from South Stockton, feel so neglected by the state and the current administration, they are \u003ca href=\"https://www.restorethedelta.org/2022/12/16/civil-rights-complaint-seeks-us-epa-oversight-of-ca-state-water-board-bay-delta-ecological-crisis-harms-california-tribes-and-delta-ej-communities/\">petitioning the Environmental Protection Agency to step in to enforce the Clean Water Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They say the State Water Board’s failures to update the Bay-Delta Plan is a violation of their civil rights, and the board’s mismanagement of the Bay delta has disproportionately harmed Native tribes and communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Addressing the assembled crowd on Wednesday, Malissa Tayaba, Vice-Chairwoman of the Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians, said, “The state is going against its own policies and commitment to consult with tribes on matters impacting our communities and tribal citizens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voluntary agreements, she said, did not offer a solution as they failed to provide enough ecological protections for the delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morning Star Gali, vice-chairperson of the Pit River Tribe, said if the health of salmon cannot be improved, Indigenous people cannot thrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The governor’s office has promised California Native people truth and healing and has taken some positive steps,” Gali said. “But he’s made a lot of decisions that favor agriculture over all other interests. We cannot have truth and healing for California tribes and drive salmon into extinction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"fish\">\u003c/a>A quick primer on California’s confusing water policy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Two main canals come out of the delta and deliver water to the Central Valley and Southern California: the federally run Central Valley Project, federally managed by the Bureau of Reclamation, and the state-run State Water Project, managed by the California Department of Water Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State Water Board (also called the State Water Resources Control Board) sets regulatory standards and is supposed to enforce them. Serving underneath the main board are nine Regional Water Quality Control Boards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor appoints all members of these boards and the state Senate confirms them. Keeping an eye on fish in the river, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife enforces the state’s endangered species laws, while NOAA Fisheries, or the National Marine Fisheries Service, is in charge of federal endangered species protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the agencies must work together to keep the cogs of California’s water policy wheel spinning, each has a different objective and mission.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Storing, sharing and saving water in California has been a point of social tension for decades. But some conservation groups say the state has failed in its role for years and the situation has gotten worse under Gov. Gavin Newsom.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704845963,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":78,"wordCount":3441},"headData":{"title":"What Happened to California's Salmon Season This Year? | KQED","description":"Storing, sharing and saving water in California has been a point of social tension for decades. But some conservation groups say the state has failed in its role for years and the situation has gotten worse under Gov. Gavin Newsom.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Fisheries","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-4[…]f-aaef00f5a073/e512e6c4-f0fe-43bc-98f5-b04900ff7cb8/audio.mp3","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1983312/what-happened-to-californias-salmon-season-this-year","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On the steps of the state Capitol in Sacramento last week, beneath the grand white dome, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2023/04/11/opinion-californias-salmon-season-shutdown-was-avoidable/\">Sarah Bates\u003c/a> called out the absence of salmon from July 4th holiday celebrations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There had been parades and fireworks, said Bates, who commercially fishes out of San Francisco. “But when I sat down for dinner with my family, what was missing? Where’s the fish?” she shouted with disdain, presumably within earshot of some lawmakers. “Where’s the salmon? Where’s my fresh, local salmon? Today’s my baby’s first birthday. She’s not eating salmon tonight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next generation was also on the mind of Jason Jackson-Reed, a member of the Hoopa Valley Tribe. He addressed the crowd as he cradled his 1-month-old son in a carrier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our [tribe’s] social well-being, physical, our cultural, our spiritual well-being, it all runs parallel to the salmon,” he said. “If the salmon aren’t doing good, we’re not doing good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He traced the construction of dams and demise of once abundant fishing stocks to hard times and poor health for the Hoopa people, including diabetes, high blood pressure and addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And it’s not going to change until the Natives start writing the narrative and we start re-Indigenizing [water] management,” Jackson-Reed said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983349\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1983349\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-01-KQED-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"A group of protesters under colorful umbrellas rally in front of the white, stately Capitol building. \" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-01-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-01-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-01-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-01-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-01-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-01-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-01-KQED.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gary Mulcahy, government liaison for the Winnemem Wintu Tribe, addresses the crowd at the Day of Action for California Water Justice and Salmon rally on July 5, 2023, at the state Capitol. \u003ccite>(Danielle Venton/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This spring, fisheries managers closed the commercial and recreational salmon season off the coast of California, owing to cratering fish populations, for the first time since 2009. Every one of the few fish left from the generation of Chinook salmon currently swimming in the ocean are needed to return to their natal streams and spawn, managers decided.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘The state is responsible for reviewing and updating water quality standards. And for at least 14 years, the state has not acknowledged that its water quality standards are inadequate to protect fisheries and the native fish in the Bay Delta writ large: not just endangered species, not just commercial fisheries, like all of them.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","citation":"Jon Rosenfield, senior scientist, San Francisco Baykeeper","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>On the Capitol steps, Bates, Jackson-Reed and other tribal leaders and environmental activists charged that officials, and the Newsom administration in particular, are failing the people and species that benefit from the Sacramento River system by appeasing wealthy farms and other big water users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The closure of the fishing season was not an inevitable result of this drought, say members of this \u003ca href=\"https://www.restorethedelta.org/wp-content/uploads/Coalition-Statement-Day-of-Action.pdf\">broad coalition\u003c/a>, which includes the Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians, the Winnemem Wintu Tribe and Restore the Delta. Instead, they say, it was a result of choices made by state and federal officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This view is shared even by some former state employees.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘I just want to get something done. I’ve been watching this debate for a long time and I think what’s mostly needed is putting water back in our rivers, combined with significant habitat restoration as fast as we can do it. There’s great promise in the voluntary agreements, but I understand the criticisms.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","citation":"Chuck Bonham, director, California Department of Fish and Wildlife","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“It’s a damning reflection on the state of California water management and policy and just how degraded our aquatic ecosystems have become,” said Max Gomberg, water consultant and former climate change mitigation strategist at the State Water Resources Control Board (also known as the State Water Board), in an interview with KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The season’s closure, he said, is due to the lack of government action on its legal and moral responsibilities to protect the state’s natural heritage, its wildlife and ecosystems, against the agricultural industry, which he characterized as “overly focused on short-term profits and too used to getting its way with respect to regulatory policy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gomberg was so frustrated by what he saw as the Newsom administration’s commitment to a dysfunctional status quo and a desire to control regulatory agencies, that \u003ca href=\"https://onthepublicrecord.org/2022/07/16/on-your-watch/\">he quit\u003c/a> the water board last summer in protest over its direction, or lack of it — a direction he said comes from the top.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It got to a point where [I was] watching on the one hand the [water] board make commitments towards racial justice and equity and environmental restoration, and then on the other hand, being impeded to honor those commitments by the governor’s office,” Gomberg said. “I realized that I could no longer tolerate that state of affairs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Storing, sharing and saving water in California is a complex cotillion among federal, state and local agencies — and has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/flood-desert-california-water-wars-violent/\">a point of social tension for decades\u003c/a>. But conservation groups, and those aligned with them, say the state has failed in its role for years and the situation has gotten worse under Newsom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#fish\">\u003ci>Confused about who manages California’s water? Jump to a quick primer.\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Before Newsom took office\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Newsom and current state officials say they are seeking to balance the needs of the environment and a state full of thirsty people and businesses — and that climate change and a punishing drought have dealt them unprecedented challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there was a change in tenor regarding California water policy even before Newsom officially took office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under former Gov. Jerry Brown, the California Water Board completed the first phase of its water quality control plan review in 2018 — a scientific review process that tries to ensure fish have what they need. It dramatically increased environmental flow standards for the San Joaquin River’s three lower tributaries — the Tuolumne, Stanislaus and Merced — and was expected to greatly improve the health of the rivers, but it was unpopular among commercial farmers who stood to receive less water. (These plans are supposed to be evaluated, and updated if need be, every three years. In reality, it takes decades.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was a major accomplishment,” said Jon Rosenfield, senior scientist with San Francisco Baykeeper. But “the Newsom administration, before it even became the Newsom administration, tried to block that update.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23870314-20181106-brown-newsom-ltr-postponing-swrcb-phase-i-process\">Newsom sent a letter to Board Chair Felicia Marcus (PDF)\u003c/a>, dated Nov. 6, 2018, the day he was elected, asking the board to postpone the changes, saying the extension would allow the state and water stakeholders to keep negotiating voluntary agreements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Newsom took office in January, he did not reappoint Marcus as Water Board chair. While Marcus had attracted the \u003ca href=\"https://mcclintock.house.gov/newsroom/press-releases/letter-to-felicia-marcus-chair-california-water-resources-control-board\">ire of conservative politicians\u003c/a> such as Tom McClintock during her tenure, many in the environmental nonprofit and academic California water policy world saw her as an effective champion for fish. They were disappointed with the change in direction, which they saw as backtracking, signaled by her removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Witnessing the agency’s ability to tackle big challenges nearly eviscerated by this Administration has been gut wrenching,” Gomberg wrote in his \u003ca href=\"https://onthepublicrecord.org/2022/07/16/on-your-watch/\">resignation letter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thus it is that while state law has officially afforded greater protections and more water to the San Joaquin River and its tributaries, the fish in that system have not benefited yet. The updates have not been implemented, and the state has not made anyone responsible to provide the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same month the Water Board released its proposal for the first phase of updates, in July 2018, it also signaled that its second phase, covering the Sacramento River and the delta, would \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/bio/doug-obegi/state-water-board-proposes-increased-delta-outflow\">recommend that more water flow\u003c/a> out of the delta and the state divert less water to farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom blocked the first phase of the update from going into effect and the second phase from proceeding, seeking instead to form “\u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/delta_watermaster/docs/frameworkofvolagreementsfnl.pdf\">voluntary agreements\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are governance structures formed by the state, water users and participating conservation groups working together, instead of the rules being written by the Water Board itself. \u003ca href=\"https://voluntaryagreements.org/\">Water agencies\u003c/a> and some conservation groups, such as Ducks Unlimited, support this approach, saying it is more flexible, saves time and avoids litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>When Newsom took charge of the state’s vast water infrastructure\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When asked “who is to blame” for the closure of the current salmon season, Baykeeper’s Rosenfield points squarely at the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state is responsible for reviewing and updating water quality standards. And for at least 14 years, the state has not acknowledged that its water quality standards are inadequate to protect fisheries and the native fish in the Bay Delta writ large — not just endangered species, not just commercial fisheries, like all of them,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State Water Board last overhauled these standards in 1995. They are supposed to be reviewed every three years. The current review process began in 2008 and is now stalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In reports and memos, the State Water Board, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the former Secretary of the Interior Sally Jewell have all said the current regulations for the San Francisco Bay Delta do not protect the ecosystem and are not enough to ensure the future of salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosenfield points to a decrease in water quality in the delta, seen in the increasing frequency of harmful algal blooms — stagnant, green water that’s toxic to touch. What’s needed, he says, is more flowing water and fewer diversions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are all signs that the water quality standards have been inadequate,” said Rosenfield. “And yet Gov. Newsom has actively blocked updates of those water quality standards in favor of voluntary agreement that he wants to negotiate with water districts and that still haven’t materialized.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tribes, environmental justice organizations and other conservation groups strongly oppose this non-regulatory route, saying the process excludes them when the real, important decisions are being made and still prioritizes water deliveries to grow export crops over native fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosenfield also faults Newsom for, early in his administration, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2019-09-27/gavin-newsom-vetoes-california-bill-trump-environment-rollbacks\">vetoing a bill, SB1\u003c/a>, passed by wide margins that would have allowed the state to adopt Obama-era federal endangered species regulations as state regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was seen as a bulwark against the Trump administration rolling back environmental protections at the federal level,” said Rosenfield. “Gov. Newsom vetoed that legislation over his own party’s majority and said, ‘We have the tools that we need to deal with this. We can protect the fish on our fish and water quality on our own, and we will.’ And he hasn’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, six out of the last 10 years, and in all of the last three years, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drought/tucp/\">state waived\u003c/a> its basic water quality standards, which means that flows have been reduced both in critically dry years and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/02/water-board-waives-environmental-rules-delta-water/\">even in wetter-than-normal\u003c/a> years with an abundant snowpack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1951544\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1951544 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/CohoSpawning-1020x573.jpg\" alt=\"A large fish with a crooked nose and a bright pink belly. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/CohoSpawning-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/CohoSpawning-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/CohoSpawning-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/CohoSpawning-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/CohoSpawning-1200x674.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/CohoSpawning.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This coho salmon’s red belly indicates it is spawning. \u003ccite>(U.S. Geological Survey)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>What happened to the fish that should have been caught this year?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Eggs from the fish that should have been in the ocean this winter and spring were laid in their natal streams back in the fall of 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But so few survived the warm, shallow river and drought conditions that fisheries managers decided it could imperil species survival for any of them to be caught commercially or recreationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a case of climate whiplash. While 2019 was a wet year, 2020 was dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And even though we had just come off of pretty much full reservoirs in 2019, too much water was delivered [to irrigators] in 2019,” said Rosenfield, who says water managers did not prepare for the 2020 drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Bureau of Reclamation and the Department of Water Resources are sort of notorious for not preparing for drought,” he added. “They treat every wet year as though next year is going to be wet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, when dry years began again in 2020, not much backup water was in reserve. And then?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They start asking to cut environmental regulations,” Rosenfield said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He points to one particular example with the Bureau of Reclamation’s decision to reduce flows below Shasta Dam in the fall of 2020, under the oversight of the State Water Board. Endangered winter-run Chinook salmon were no longer in the river, having spawned the previous spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency was able to deliver water to “their clients downstream,” Rosenfield said. “But they did it in such a way that wound up de-watering the nests — the redds — of fall-run Chinook salmon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These fish make up the heart of the West Coast salmon fishery. The bureau prioritized one group of salmon over the other so they could still serve clients, Rosenfield said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early February through mid-April of 2021, the water temperature below Shasta Dam was too hot. Fish suffocated. The amount of water flowing was too low to meet legal requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And the fact that they didn’t even meet the already very low and known-to-be-inadequate river flow standard that applies in a critical dry year,” said Rosenfield, “it tells you that the survival was very bad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an experiment, about 1,000 hatchery fish tagged with transmitters were released near Red Bluff on the Sacramento River. Of these, just three survived to swim past Sacramento, and \u003ca href=\"https://oceanview.pfeg.noaa.gov/CalFishTrack/pageCNFH_FMR_2021.html\">none survived\u003c/a> to exit the delta and make it into the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945871\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1945871 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/GettyImages-53033438-1020x735.jpg\" alt=\"Green and sliver fish swim through grey water. \" width=\"640\" height=\"461\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Chinook salmon, along with a school of shad. \u003ccite>(Photo b Jeff T. Green/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>A long, extended decline for salmon\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Chuck Bonham, director of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, said that the closure of this year’s salmon season occurred against a backdrop of a century of ecological devastation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we only focus on this year, it does a disservice to salmon and their legacy,” he told KQED. “Because the reality is since maybe the 1950s, what’s been going on for the populations of salmon is a long, extended decline.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He points to roads, dams and the rest of the built environment affecting salmon, cutting them off from the bulk of their natural habitat. (Two California academics specializing in salmon also pointed to the decades-long degradation of salmon habitat as a key reason for the season’s closure.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Layer on top of that, Bonham says, huge demands for water from 40 million people and the rapidly increasing climate change impacts, Western society has effectively dealt salmon a one-two-three punch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Referencing the critical time period during the spring and summer of 2021, when the fish that could otherwise have been caught in the ocean this year were dying, Bonham said the collection of state and federal agencies that manage flow and temperature below Shasta Dam had to make very challenging decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t do well at it,” he said, speaking frankly. “And as a result, we had increased mortality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, he said, things were different the following year; the collection of agencies learned from missteps in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We — this agency dynamic — did better trying to achieve those flow and temperature objectives below Shasta Dam,” Bonham said. “And we had much lower mortality and impacts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it came at a cost to some water users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things that also occurred was, in the Sacramento Valley, agriculture fallowed about 500,000 acres, which is an unprecedented result from their perspective,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state gave \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/12/01/california-drought-state-water-project-will-deliver-no-water-next-year/\">farms and cities virtually no water\u003c/a> from the State Water Project in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about the state’s preference for seeking voluntary agreements instead of the normal regulatory route, Bonham acknowledged that many advocates view them as insufficient. But, he said, they’re part of a sincere effort to make progress amid “seemingly unwinnable” water wars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just want to get something done,” he said. “I’ve been watching this debate for a long time and I think what’s mostly needed is putting water back in our rivers, combined with significant habitat restoration as fast as we can do it. There’s great promise in the voluntary agreements, but I understand the criticisms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In public comments Gov. Newsom has pushed away the idea of any blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/ytSO6YRNW38?t=1294\">March 24 press conference\u003c/a>, at a ground recharge project in Yolo County, he announced he was easing drought restrictions, aiming to boost water storage. A reporter asked if he thought his policies may have done some harm to salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Absolutely not,” Newsom said. He pointed out that what went wrong with this year’s salmon occurred three years ago, implying he could not have played a role. (Newsom was sworn in as governor four years and six months ago.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So anyone who suggests otherwise is being purposely misleading or unknowingly misleading. I think it’s more the former often in terms of what I hear out there and some of the extreme statements that are made,” he said, hinting at the fish activists. He added that he listens to expert advice and takes salmon issues seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ll take a back seat to no governor in the United States of America in terms of my environmental stewardship and passion,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983366\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1983366\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-02-KQED-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"A group of protestors in colorful clothing stand with banners and signs in front of a white, ornate building. \" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-02-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-02-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-02-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-02-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-02-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-02-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/230707-SALMON-RALLY-DV-02-KQED.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Morning Star Gali, vice-chairperson of the Pit River Tribe, told the assembled crowd that ‘we cannot have truth and healing for California tribes and drive salmon into extinction,’ at the Day of Action for California Water Justice and Salmon rally on July 5, 2023, at the state Capitol. \u003ccite>(Danielle Venton/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Tribes say the state’s inaction is a violation of civil rights\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>However, several tribal and environmental justice groups, including the Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians and the Winnemem Wintu Tribe, along with Little Manila Rising, a neighborhood group from South Stockton, feel so neglected by the state and the current administration, they are \u003ca href=\"https://www.restorethedelta.org/2022/12/16/civil-rights-complaint-seeks-us-epa-oversight-of-ca-state-water-board-bay-delta-ecological-crisis-harms-california-tribes-and-delta-ej-communities/\">petitioning the Environmental Protection Agency to step in to enforce the Clean Water Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They say the State Water Board’s failures to update the Bay-Delta Plan is a violation of their civil rights, and the board’s mismanagement of the Bay delta has disproportionately harmed Native tribes and communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Addressing the assembled crowd on Wednesday, Malissa Tayaba, Vice-Chairwoman of the Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians, said, “The state is going against its own policies and commitment to consult with tribes on matters impacting our communities and tribal citizens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voluntary agreements, she said, did not offer a solution as they failed to provide enough ecological protections for the delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morning Star Gali, vice-chairperson of the Pit River Tribe, said if the health of salmon cannot be improved, Indigenous people cannot thrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The governor’s office has promised California Native people truth and healing and has taken some positive steps,” Gali said. “But he’s made a lot of decisions that favor agriculture over all other interests. We cannot have truth and healing for California tribes and drive salmon into extinction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"fish\">\u003c/a>A quick primer on California’s confusing water policy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Two main canals come out of the delta and deliver water to the Central Valley and Southern California: the federally run Central Valley Project, federally managed by the Bureau of Reclamation, and the state-run State Water Project, managed by the California Department of Water Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State Water Board (also called the State Water Resources Control Board) sets regulatory standards and is supposed to enforce them. Serving underneath the main board are nine Regional Water Quality Control Boards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor appoints all members of these boards and the state Senate confirms them. Keeping an eye on fish in the river, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife enforces the state’s endangered species laws, while NOAA Fisheries, or the National Marine Fisheries Service, is in charge of federal endangered species protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the agencies must work together to keep the cogs of California’s water policy wheel spinning, each has a different objective and mission.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1983312/what-happened-to-californias-salmon-season-this-year","authors":["11088"],"categories":["science_35","science_40","science_4450","science_98"],"tags":["science_202","science_4417","science_1275","science_247","science_201"],"featImg":"science_1945866","label":"source_science_1983312"},"science_1982551":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1982551","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1982551","score":null,"sort":[1683074185000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"celebration-and-concern-hetch-hetchy-reservoir-turns-100-but-climate-change-complicates-its-future","title":"Celebration and Concern: Hetch Hetchy Reservoir Turns 100, But Climate Change Complicates its Future","publishDate":1683074185,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Celebration and Concern: Hetch Hetchy Reservoir Turns 100, But Climate Change Complicates its Future | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>[dropcap]S[/dropcap]an Francisco Mayor London Breed and a gaggle of water officials gathered in the northwest corner of Yosemite National Park on Tuesday to celebrate the centennial of the creation of the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir and the O’Shaughnessy Dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hetch Hetchy is one of the reasons why San Francisco is such a resilient city,” said Mayor London Breed with a sweeping view of mountains soaring above the water behind her, their reflections mirrored on the reservoir’s surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This [dam] was created and is a testament to the creativity, and the innovation of San Franciscans,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water system, San Francisco’s main water source, provided a stable supply of pristine Sierra Nevada snowmelt for city residents through most of the 20th century. But as human-caused climate change worsens, some water experts say the stability of San Francisco’s mountain tap is losing its surety for the 21st century and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I no longer think it will be a reliable water system,” said Samuel Sandoval Solis, an expert in water management at UC Davis. He said the ping-pong of drought and deluge are challenging the current system and will require alterations to the water system in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a privilege that San Franciscans have this high-quality water,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hetch Hetchy was a glacier-carved valley located 15 miles north of Yosemite Valley until the dam project was completed in 1923. Now it’s a massive reservoir that holds 117 billion gallons of water. A true triumph of engineering, the system relies on a 167-mile pipeline and gravity to push water down the height of Sierra Nevada, through the Central Valley, over the golden hills and into the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do shoot it with ultraviolet light to kill the bugs,” said Christopher Graham, Hetch Hetchy water operations and maintenance manager with the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission. “We don’t have to filter out the dirt from the water because it’s so clean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982574\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64952_042_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A white man in a bright yellow jacket descends concrete stairs, surrounded by metal pipes, with more concrete and a few trees visible in the far distance across the unseen water surface\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982574\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64952_042_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64952_042_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64952_042_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64952_042_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64952_042_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64952_042_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Public Utilities Commission Manager Christopher Graham descends into the O’Shaughnessy Dam at the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir in Yosemite National Park on May 2, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This year he said 1.4 million acre-feet of water is likely to melt into into the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir, but only a fraction of that will remain at the end of the dry season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water passes over three faultlines and is used for about 85% of the water needs for 2.7 million people in San Francisco and parts of Santa Clara, San Mateo and Alameda counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Christopher Graham, Hetch Hetchy water operations and maintenance manager, SFPUC\"]‘All I’m trying to do is maximize what we got and the storage capacity we have. Climate change is going to make managing this water supply much more difficult.’[/pullquote]But water experts believe the next 100 years of supplying a finite resource to millions of people will be much more complicated than storing water in a mountain bathtub and piping it to the bay. Water officials will need to conserve more and might need to make engineering upgrades so that the system can store more water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Hetch Hetchy system has been able to handle recent severe droughts and this winter’s powerful storms, but Newsha Ajami, the president of the SFPUC, said “part of that has been driven by luck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have some of the lowest water use in the state,” she said. “San Franciscans use about 40 gallons per person daily, which is very low.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFPUC operates the reservoir and expects the Hetch Hetchy system will be tested by even more extreme drought and deluge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year was one of the wettest years we’ve ever seen. Right before we had the driest three-year sequence we had ever seen,” said Graham. “We are seeing what the climate change models are forecasting, wetter wet periods and drier dry periods, which makes managing all this quite a bit more difficult.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water supply may seem stable in a wet year, Graham said, but managing the runoff from a massive Sierra snowpack takes constant attention, especially with no guarantee future years will also be wet. Come August, he said, the reservoir will remain glassy and brimming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For now, all I’m trying to do is maximize what we got and the storage capacity we have,” he said. “Climate change is going to make managing this water supply much more difficult.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982577\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64922_014_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A smiling Black woman speaks while gesturing with one hand, wearing a fingerless glove and gray jacket, as the curving concrete arc of a massive dam spreads out at eye level behind her\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982577\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64922_014_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64922_014_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64922_014_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64922_014_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64922_014_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64922_014_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Mayor London Breed looks out from the O’Shaughnessy Dam at the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir during Tuesday’s centennial celebration. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While San Franciscans don’t use much water, other parts of the Bay Area overuse the resource. Laura Feinstein with the non-profit public policy group SPUR analyzed water use within the system and found that communities like Hillsborough in San Mateo County that receive water from the Hetch Hetchy system use 190 gallons of water per person per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They use water generously even in the winter when it rains,” she said of residents who continue to water large yards and landscapes regardless of season. “Those types of inefficiencies put a lot of pressure on the system. Making communities like that more water-efficient would mean a lot of savings and make the whole system more climate resilient.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hetch Hetchy’s success will depend on rethinking its use\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Susan Leal wants to ensure that Hetch Hetchy exists as a thriving water resource in the face of human-caused climate change. She is a former general manager of the SFPUC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She sees three possibilities for the future of water originating from Hetch Hetchy: it will become more expensive over time, officials begin to recycle it on a large scale or they raise the reservoir level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regarding recycling water, Leal said there is “no alternative,” and city officials must give serious thought this year to creating more recycled water plants. Recycled water, she said, costs more but could relieve pressure on the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To get people off bottled water, we kept telling them how good their Hetch Hetchy water is,” she said. “We have to let people understand that recycled water is like distilled water. It’s very pure water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982582\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64915_004_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"the concrete top of a dam stretches away at odd angles into the distance on a cloudy day as dark water can be seen far below, with mountains in the background\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982582\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64915_004_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64915_004_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64915_004_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64915_004_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64915_004_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64915_004_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The O’Shaughnessy Dam holds back the Tuolumne River, forming Hetch Hetchy Reservoir in Yosemite National Park. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another option for increasing the water supply is to raise the dam to hold more water. In 1938, officials raised it from 227 feet to 312 feet. Leal said O’Shaughnessy Dam, which holds back the Tuolumne River, could be built 55 feet taller than its height today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We may need to build the dam higher to impound more water,” she said. “We have to consider this because we never planned for the extreme storms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raising the dam and increasing the holding capacity of the reservoir would likely come with substantial pushback from environmentalists and would likely be tied up with lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know if it’s being considered, but whether it’s recycling or impounding more water at Hetch Hetchy or other dams, all these things you have to start thinking about yesterday,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>100 years marks the ‘sacrifice of the environment’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The story of Hetch Hetchy isn’t all about free flowing, pure drinking water, and its construction kicked off one of the first major U.S. fights over land use and conservation. When officials constructed Hetch Hetchy, the reservoir cut off waterways to the fish, flora and other fauna that relied on flowing water that is now largely stored behind a cement wall deep in the Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Davis’ Sandoval Solis said the building of the reservoir, while good for many people in the Bay Area, has devastated riparian freshwater ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The environment has been compromised already for 100 years,” said Sandoval Solis. “The centennial also marks the centennial of the compromise of the environment or the sacrifice of the environment, and some of the native communities displaced for the sake of the well-being of people living in San Francisco.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hetch Hetchy is the ancient homeland of as many as a dozen Indigenous peoples; across Yosemite many were forcibly removed or killed in the mid-1800s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982585\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64931_019_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A sweeping panorama photograph shows a massive lake reflecting the shapes of steep rounded granite peaks rising above it, with alpine forest also visible\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982585\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64931_019_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64931_019_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64931_019_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64931_019_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64931_019_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64931_019_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Hetch Hetchy Valley has been inundated with water since the construction of the O’Shaughnessy Dam 100 years ago. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Damming rivers across the Sierra Nevada, like the Tuolumne River at Hetch Hetchy, have ramifications on the river systems that unite in the San Joaquin River, flow into the San Joaquin-Sacramento Delta and push into the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The large amounts of freshwater that once flowed helped mix natural algae into the salty water. Still, lesser flows into the bay mean the algae sits on top of the water, creating the perfect habitat for toxic algae blooms. Olivia Yip, an associate professor at San Jose State University who studied algae blooms, said the last outbreak that killed thousands of fish was partly due to decreased freshwater flows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Imagine a little algae floating around in the bay,” said Yip. “If there’s more mixing, then it’s less likely that it can just sit there on the top and grow like crazy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The future of the system must include equitable use of water, say advocates\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Hetch Hetchy pipeline runs through communities that need clean drinking water themselves in the Central Valley and the Bay Area. UC Davis’ Sandoval Solis said access to clean drinking water should “not be a luxury because it is a human right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The pipes are passing through the middle of their communities, but they cannot use it,” he said. “I don’t think there should be a problem with providing clean water to disadvantaged communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around two-thirds of the pure Hetch Hetchy water in the Bay Area is used outside San Francisco’s bounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='climate-change']The pipeline travels across the Dumbarton Bridge and emerges right next to the community of East Palo Alto, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.ci.east-palo-alto.ca.us/publicworks/page/utilities\">gets around 80% of its water from the source\u003c/a>. The other 20% comes from local sources, and residents question its purity, said Miriam Yupanqui, executive director of the local advocacy group Nuestra Casa de East Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yupanqui dreams of the day when 100% of the water for this town of more than 90% people of color is pure piped in mountain fresh. She said many of the more than 15,000 residents her agency represents want all of the city’s water sourced from Hetch Hetchy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our community members want quality water,” she said. “They want to feel comfortable drinking the water. Many of our community members feel that our neighbors in Palo Alto and Menlo Park are not receiving second-rate water. So why should they?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palo Alto and Menlo Park receive all of their water from the SFPUC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, groups like Climate Resilient Communities in East Palo Alto are working to provide hyper-local water sources, like cisterns connected to gutters to catch rainwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a practice that should be used here with the uncertainties of rainfall patterns and extreme events,” said Violet Wulf-Saena, founder and executive director of the nonprofit. “Every home should have a water tank to capture and hold the water that will reduce not only the flooding but also help conserve and use it when there are droughts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to have any real impact on water conservation, reducing flooding risk and increasing water supply, Wulf-Saena said they “need thousands of rain gardens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"San Francisco's main water source may not be as reliable a tap of Sierra Nevada snowmelt in the coming century.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846023,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":46,"wordCount":2041},"headData":{"title":"Celebration and Concern: Hetch Hetchy Reservoir Turns 100, But Climate Change Complicates its Future | KQED","description":"San Francisco's main water source may not be as reliable a tap of Sierra Nevada snowmelt in the coming century.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Water","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1982551/celebration-and-concern-hetch-hetchy-reservoir-turns-100-but-climate-change-complicates-its-future","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">S\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>an Francisco Mayor London Breed and a gaggle of water officials gathered in the northwest corner of Yosemite National Park on Tuesday to celebrate the centennial of the creation of the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir and the O’Shaughnessy Dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hetch Hetchy is one of the reasons why San Francisco is such a resilient city,” said Mayor London Breed with a sweeping view of mountains soaring above the water behind her, their reflections mirrored on the reservoir’s surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This [dam] was created and is a testament to the creativity, and the innovation of San Franciscans,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water system, San Francisco’s main water source, provided a stable supply of pristine Sierra Nevada snowmelt for city residents through most of the 20th century. But as human-caused climate change worsens, some water experts say the stability of San Francisco’s mountain tap is losing its surety for the 21st century and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I no longer think it will be a reliable water system,” said Samuel Sandoval Solis, an expert in water management at UC Davis. He said the ping-pong of drought and deluge are challenging the current system and will require alterations to the water system in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a privilege that San Franciscans have this high-quality water,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hetch Hetchy was a glacier-carved valley located 15 miles north of Yosemite Valley until the dam project was completed in 1923. Now it’s a massive reservoir that holds 117 billion gallons of water. A true triumph of engineering, the system relies on a 167-mile pipeline and gravity to push water down the height of Sierra Nevada, through the Central Valley, over the golden hills and into the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do shoot it with ultraviolet light to kill the bugs,” said Christopher Graham, Hetch Hetchy water operations and maintenance manager with the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission. “We don’t have to filter out the dirt from the water because it’s so clean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982574\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64952_042_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A white man in a bright yellow jacket descends concrete stairs, surrounded by metal pipes, with more concrete and a few trees visible in the far distance across the unseen water surface\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982574\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64952_042_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64952_042_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64952_042_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64952_042_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64952_042_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64952_042_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Public Utilities Commission Manager Christopher Graham descends into the O’Shaughnessy Dam at the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir in Yosemite National Park on May 2, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This year he said 1.4 million acre-feet of water is likely to melt into into the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir, but only a fraction of that will remain at the end of the dry season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water passes over three faultlines and is used for about 85% of the water needs for 2.7 million people in San Francisco and parts of Santa Clara, San Mateo and Alameda counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘All I’m trying to do is maximize what we got and the storage capacity we have. Climate change is going to make managing this water supply much more difficult.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Christopher Graham, Hetch Hetchy water operations and maintenance manager, SFPUC","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But water experts believe the next 100 years of supplying a finite resource to millions of people will be much more complicated than storing water in a mountain bathtub and piping it to the bay. Water officials will need to conserve more and might need to make engineering upgrades so that the system can store more water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Hetch Hetchy system has been able to handle recent severe droughts and this winter’s powerful storms, but Newsha Ajami, the president of the SFPUC, said “part of that has been driven by luck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have some of the lowest water use in the state,” she said. “San Franciscans use about 40 gallons per person daily, which is very low.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFPUC operates the reservoir and expects the Hetch Hetchy system will be tested by even more extreme drought and deluge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year was one of the wettest years we’ve ever seen. Right before we had the driest three-year sequence we had ever seen,” said Graham. “We are seeing what the climate change models are forecasting, wetter wet periods and drier dry periods, which makes managing all this quite a bit more difficult.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water supply may seem stable in a wet year, Graham said, but managing the runoff from a massive Sierra snowpack takes constant attention, especially with no guarantee future years will also be wet. Come August, he said, the reservoir will remain glassy and brimming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For now, all I’m trying to do is maximize what we got and the storage capacity we have,” he said. “Climate change is going to make managing this water supply much more difficult.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982577\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64922_014_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A smiling Black woman speaks while gesturing with one hand, wearing a fingerless glove and gray jacket, as the curving concrete arc of a massive dam spreads out at eye level behind her\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982577\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64922_014_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64922_014_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64922_014_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64922_014_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64922_014_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64922_014_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Mayor London Breed looks out from the O’Shaughnessy Dam at the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir during Tuesday’s centennial celebration. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While San Franciscans don’t use much water, other parts of the Bay Area overuse the resource. Laura Feinstein with the non-profit public policy group SPUR analyzed water use within the system and found that communities like Hillsborough in San Mateo County that receive water from the Hetch Hetchy system use 190 gallons of water per person per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They use water generously even in the winter when it rains,” she said of residents who continue to water large yards and landscapes regardless of season. “Those types of inefficiencies put a lot of pressure on the system. Making communities like that more water-efficient would mean a lot of savings and make the whole system more climate resilient.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hetch Hetchy’s success will depend on rethinking its use\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Susan Leal wants to ensure that Hetch Hetchy exists as a thriving water resource in the face of human-caused climate change. She is a former general manager of the SFPUC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She sees three possibilities for the future of water originating from Hetch Hetchy: it will become more expensive over time, officials begin to recycle it on a large scale or they raise the reservoir level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regarding recycling water, Leal said there is “no alternative,” and city officials must give serious thought this year to creating more recycled water plants. Recycled water, she said, costs more but could relieve pressure on the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To get people off bottled water, we kept telling them how good their Hetch Hetchy water is,” she said. “We have to let people understand that recycled water is like distilled water. It’s very pure water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982582\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64915_004_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"the concrete top of a dam stretches away at odd angles into the distance on a cloudy day as dark water can be seen far below, with mountains in the background\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982582\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64915_004_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64915_004_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64915_004_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64915_004_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64915_004_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64915_004_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The O’Shaughnessy Dam holds back the Tuolumne River, forming Hetch Hetchy Reservoir in Yosemite National Park. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another option for increasing the water supply is to raise the dam to hold more water. In 1938, officials raised it from 227 feet to 312 feet. Leal said O’Shaughnessy Dam, which holds back the Tuolumne River, could be built 55 feet taller than its height today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We may need to build the dam higher to impound more water,” she said. “We have to consider this because we never planned for the extreme storms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raising the dam and increasing the holding capacity of the reservoir would likely come with substantial pushback from environmentalists and would likely be tied up with lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know if it’s being considered, but whether it’s recycling or impounding more water at Hetch Hetchy or other dams, all these things you have to start thinking about yesterday,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>100 years marks the ‘sacrifice of the environment’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The story of Hetch Hetchy isn’t all about free flowing, pure drinking water, and its construction kicked off one of the first major U.S. fights over land use and conservation. When officials constructed Hetch Hetchy, the reservoir cut off waterways to the fish, flora and other fauna that relied on flowing water that is now largely stored behind a cement wall deep in the Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Davis’ Sandoval Solis said the building of the reservoir, while good for many people in the Bay Area, has devastated riparian freshwater ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The environment has been compromised already for 100 years,” said Sandoval Solis. “The centennial also marks the centennial of the compromise of the environment or the sacrifice of the environment, and some of the native communities displaced for the sake of the well-being of people living in San Francisco.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hetch Hetchy is the ancient homeland of as many as a dozen Indigenous peoples; across Yosemite many were forcibly removed or killed in the mid-1800s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982585\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64931_019_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A sweeping panorama photograph shows a massive lake reflecting the shapes of steep rounded granite peaks rising above it, with alpine forest also visible\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982585\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64931_019_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64931_019_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64931_019_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64931_019_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64931_019_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64931_019_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Hetch Hetchy Valley has been inundated with water since the construction of the O’Shaughnessy Dam 100 years ago. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Damming rivers across the Sierra Nevada, like the Tuolumne River at Hetch Hetchy, have ramifications on the river systems that unite in the San Joaquin River, flow into the San Joaquin-Sacramento Delta and push into the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The large amounts of freshwater that once flowed helped mix natural algae into the salty water. Still, lesser flows into the bay mean the algae sits on top of the water, creating the perfect habitat for toxic algae blooms. Olivia Yip, an associate professor at San Jose State University who studied algae blooms, said the last outbreak that killed thousands of fish was partly due to decreased freshwater flows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Imagine a little algae floating around in the bay,” said Yip. “If there’s more mixing, then it’s less likely that it can just sit there on the top and grow like crazy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The future of the system must include equitable use of water, say advocates\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Hetch Hetchy pipeline runs through communities that need clean drinking water themselves in the Central Valley and the Bay Area. UC Davis’ Sandoval Solis said access to clean drinking water should “not be a luxury because it is a human right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The pipes are passing through the middle of their communities, but they cannot use it,” he said. “I don’t think there should be a problem with providing clean water to disadvantaged communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around two-thirds of the pure Hetch Hetchy water in the Bay Area is used outside San Francisco’s bounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Coverage ","tag":"climate-change"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The pipeline travels across the Dumbarton Bridge and emerges right next to the community of East Palo Alto, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.ci.east-palo-alto.ca.us/publicworks/page/utilities\">gets around 80% of its water from the source\u003c/a>. The other 20% comes from local sources, and residents question its purity, said Miriam Yupanqui, executive director of the local advocacy group Nuestra Casa de East Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yupanqui dreams of the day when 100% of the water for this town of more than 90% people of color is pure piped in mountain fresh. She said many of the more than 15,000 residents her agency represents want all of the city’s water sourced from Hetch Hetchy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our community members want quality water,” she said. “They want to feel comfortable drinking the water. Many of our community members feel that our neighbors in Palo Alto and Menlo Park are not receiving second-rate water. So why should they?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palo Alto and Menlo Park receive all of their water from the SFPUC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, groups like Climate Resilient Communities in East Palo Alto are working to provide hyper-local water sources, like cisterns connected to gutters to catch rainwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a practice that should be used here with the uncertainties of rainfall patterns and extreme events,” said Violet Wulf-Saena, founder and executive director of the nonprofit. “Every home should have a water tank to capture and hold the water that will reduce not only the flooding but also help conserve and use it when there are droughts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to have any real impact on water conservation, reducing flooding risk and increasing water supply, Wulf-Saena said they “need thousands of rain gardens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1982551/celebration-and-concern-hetch-hetchy-reservoir-turns-100-but-climate-change-complicates-its-future","authors":["11746"],"categories":["science_35","science_40","science_4450","science_98"],"tags":["science_1195","science_4417","science_248","science_2828","science_2078","science_2830","science_448","science_201","science_159"],"featImg":"science_1982570","label":"source_science_1982551"},"science_1982513":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1982513","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1982513","score":null,"sort":[1683025238000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"experts-call-for-doubled-levee-protection-to-battle-climate-change-in-california","title":"'We're Not Prepared': Experts Call for Doubling Levee Protections as California Faces Increasing Floods","publishDate":1683025238,"format":"standard","headTitle":"‘We’re Not Prepared’: Experts Call for Doubling Levee Protections as California Faces Increasing Floods | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>California water experts and environmental justice advocates are calling for state leaders to mandate that new levees be built with double the federal required protection to withstand the increasingly severe storms caused, in part, by human-caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s levee protection regulations are not uniform; the state’s seemingly endless dikes and causeways are overseen by a patchwork of widely varying rules. Some communities like Pajaro in Monterey County, which was swamped by floodwaters this year, are protected only against smaller storms that happen every eight years, while levees protecting urban areas of the Central Valley are bolstered against much more powerful storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='left' citation=\"Sona Mohnot, director of climate equity and climate resilience, The Greenlining Institute\"]‘It’s a climate justice issue to protect a community from storms, period, especially the larger storms. If this is the opportunity to protect the people, then I would want it to be protected to the maximum extent possible.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeffery Mount, senior fellow specializing in water at the Public Policy Institute of California, said that the bare-minimum standard for protection everywhere in the state should be based on the likelihood of a 1-in-200-year storm, which has a 0.5% chance of happening in any given year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Heads will explode when [planners] hear that recommendation,” said Mount in an email. “The reason I suggest it is simple: There is no way most poor communities could afford something like that, so there has to be a social justice element built in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has no consistent mandate. Most of the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/publications/report/3571\">more than 20,000 miles of flood banks and channels\u003c/a> are operated by local governments, and many miles are on unregulated private land. Levees under the Federal Emergency Management Agency must protect against a 100-year flood or a 1% chance of one occurring in any given year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Put in terms of a common homeowner’s 30-year mortgage, there’s a 1-in-4 chance a house will flood during that time with that level of protection. The storms of the future only increase that probability due to the ongoing effects of climate change, Mount said, adding that “most places don’t even have a 100-year level of protection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extreme storms of the future will likely be much wetter than Californians experienced this winter. Daniel Swain, climate scientist at UCLA, said the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1982079/this-winters-floods-may-be-only-a-taste-of-the-megafloods-to-come-climate-scientists-warn\">storms that burst over California this winter were half as bad in total rain and snowfall as the megastorms predicted in the years to come\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As disruptive as [the storms] have been, they are nowhere near close to the plausible worst-case scenario,” he said. “We’ve gotten a taste of what widespread flooding is this winter, but I do think it’s only a taste.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982522\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2023/05/02/experts-call-for-doubled-levee-protection-to-battle-climate-change-in-california/allensworth-residents-stave-off-floodwaters/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1982522\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1982522\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1248893678-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"A road marked with the word STOP in white. The road is submerged in water. A car and a stop sign are enshrouded in water. A grey sky in the background.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1248893678-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1248893678-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1248893678-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1248893678-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1248893678.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On March 18, 2023, vehicles were submerged in floodwaters on Avenue 56 near the Central Valley Highway, a few miles north of Allensworth, where residents fortified the levee protecting their neighborhood. \u003ccite>(Robert Gauthier/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>A perfect time for a big water rethink\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As floodwaters recede, Mount and Brett Sanders, his peer at UC Irvine, said \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2023-04-07/flood-control-drought-levees-california\">this is the perfect time to rethink and update the state’s aging infrastructure to accommodate the future climate\u003c/a>. Fewer than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1981900/fewer-than-10-of-levees-in-the-greater-bay-area-have-a-federal-risk-rating\">10% of levees in the greater Bay Area have a federal risk rating\u003c/a>, according to a KQED analysis of the National Levee Database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The recent California storms showed us pretty clearly there’s a lot at risk and systems we think are there to protect us may not perform as we expect,” said Sanders, an engineering professor, of levees across the Central Valley and Central Coast that failed during winter storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a switch to a higher level of protection must start with conversations locally with the people most affected by flooding, Sanders said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those at risk should be involved in the planning process,” he said. “What we’ve tended to see in the past are projects designed by those with greater resources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanders said because no mound of dirt is designed to protect a community completely, legislation should include funding to ensure that when a levee fails or is overtopped, the people, regardless of socioeconomic status, have immediate access to resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There will always be floods that are beyond the capacity of systems,” he said. “So, are we doing what we need to do to protect even those that aren’t protected?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Increasing levee protections is a climate justice issue, say advocates\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The levee that burst in March near Pajaro in Monterey County, temporarily displacing thousands of people, was built to protect the area from storms at about an eight-year frequency. A future levee there is limited in its protective scope to the 1-in-100-year storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nobody is fully grasping what is in store in terms of climate impacts,” said Nancy Faulstich, executive director of Regeneración, Pájaro Valley Climate Action. “We’re not prepared, and the expense of accommodating ever-increasing levels of damage from ever-increasing storms will be astronomical.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A small or medium-sized storm could overwhelm the system as it is today, said Mark Strudley, executive director for the Pajaro Regional Flood Management Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bottom line is it needs to be built very quickly,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials are supposed to break ground on a levee upgrade as soon as next year, a project jointly funded by local, state and federal governments that would bring the levee up to a 1-in-100-year storm protection. But it will take about a decade to build.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982523\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2023/05/02/experts-call-for-doubled-levee-protection-to-battle-climate-change-in-california/us-weather-california-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1982523\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1982523 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1248253330-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A view of mostly brown water amid green trees, with white tented farmland on the opposite sideway of a roadway unaffected by the flooding.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1248253330-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1248253330-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1248253330-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1248253330-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1248253330.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This aerial view shows the broken levee in Pajaro on March 13, 2023.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Strudley said that altering the more-than-$500-million project with more protections would take years and, in the meantime, keep this lower-income community in the path of floodwaters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has been a real struggle to get this project developed,” he said. “Another more affluent community would have had a higher prioritization in terms of funding just by virtue of higher property values.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some areas the levee will be built wider and, in other parts, taller to withstand more water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s not a tremendous benefit to the community by further delaying the process by trying to get a 200-year-level protection,” he said. “What’s important to us is to protect against climate change but also to simply build this project that we have in front of us right now because it affords that protection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The levee project is designed for a wide range of flooding scenarios, said Stu Townsley, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers deputy district engineer for project management for the San Francisco region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no way that you can build a levee system that will protect any community from the biggest of big storms in the future,” he said. “It’s just financially and, in many cases, physically infeasible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said even the small storms of the future could cause anyone living in a floodplain “to get wet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for Sona Mohnot, director of climate equity and climate resilience for the policy and advocacy group The Greenlining Institute, not building the Pajaro levee to withstand the extreme storms of the future only increases the likelihood of the inevitable: another disastrous flood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a climate justice issue to protect a community from storms, period, especially the larger storms,” she said. “If this is the opportunity to protect the people, then I would want it to be protected to the maximum extent possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982521\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2023/05/02/experts-call-for-doubled-levee-protection-to-battle-climate-change-in-california/atmospheric-river-flooding-in-san-joaquin-county-of-california/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1982521\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1982521\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1249040682-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Houses surrounded by dark green water. Water submerges the ground and a blue and white sky are above. \" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1249040682-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1249040682-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1249040682-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1249040682-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1249040682.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view shows homes underwater after levee fails in Manteca of San Joaquin County on March 21, 2023. \u003ccite>(Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>The Legislature has failed to bolster flood protections statewide before\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The state Legislature has the power to bolster flood protections, but it will take bold moves. Mount said he is unaware of any effort by state lawmakers to raise the standard, even as a rapidly warming state has had to shell out billions of dollars in flood damages this winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would love to see a long-range look on the part of the Legislature, which acknowledges climate change and its increasing risk, basically by setting a [new] standard statewide,” he said. But he doesn’t expect it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s terrible to say, but I don’t think we had enough damage this year,” he said. “I don’t know if it was enough to get the Legislature off the dime on this to begin to act on it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the early aughts, during the Schwarzenegger administration, legislators pushed to double the federal standard for most non-federal levees across California to protect against future climate woes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was prescient. Nobody else was doing that,” said Mount. “Urban areas just hated it because it was going to be expensive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The South Coast and Bay Area folks went nuts because their systems as they’re designed would have to be completely overhauled,” he said. “We’re talking many billions of dollars to do such a thing and they didn’t want to be saddled with that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A final version of the legislation only applied \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/Programs/Flood-Management/Flood-Planning-and-Studies/Central-Valley-Flood-Protection-Plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to densely packed urban areas of the Central Valley\u003c/a>, leaving the rest of the state to come up with its own standards.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California water experts and environmental justice advocates are pressing the state to adopt a bare-minimum protection standard for all its levees, doubling what the federal government now asks.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846025,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":38,"wordCount":1641},"headData":{"title":"'We're Not Prepared': Experts Call for Doubling Levee Protections as California Faces Increasing Floods | KQED","description":"California water experts and environmental justice advocates are pressing the state to adopt a bare-minimum protection standard for all its levees, doubling what the federal government now asks.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Flooding","sticky":false,"subhead":"California water experts and environmental justice advocates are pressing the state to adopt a bare minimum protection standard for all its levees doubling what the federal government now asks. They recommend a social justice element is included so that poor communities can benefit from the increased security.","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1982513/experts-call-for-doubled-levee-protection-to-battle-climate-change-in-california","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California water experts and environmental justice advocates are calling for state leaders to mandate that new levees be built with double the federal required protection to withstand the increasingly severe storms caused, in part, by human-caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s levee protection regulations are not uniform; the state’s seemingly endless dikes and causeways are overseen by a patchwork of widely varying rules. Some communities like Pajaro in Monterey County, which was swamped by floodwaters this year, are protected only against smaller storms that happen every eight years, while levees protecting urban areas of the Central Valley are bolstered against much more powerful storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘It’s a climate justice issue to protect a community from storms, period, especially the larger storms. If this is the opportunity to protect the people, then I would want it to be protected to the maximum extent possible.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"small","align":"left","citation":"Sona Mohnot, director of climate equity and climate resilience, The Greenlining Institute","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeffery Mount, senior fellow specializing in water at the Public Policy Institute of California, said that the bare-minimum standard for protection everywhere in the state should be based on the likelihood of a 1-in-200-year storm, which has a 0.5% chance of happening in any given year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Heads will explode when [planners] hear that recommendation,” said Mount in an email. “The reason I suggest it is simple: There is no way most poor communities could afford something like that, so there has to be a social justice element built in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has no consistent mandate. Most of the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/publications/report/3571\">more than 20,000 miles of flood banks and channels\u003c/a> are operated by local governments, and many miles are on unregulated private land. Levees under the Federal Emergency Management Agency must protect against a 100-year flood or a 1% chance of one occurring in any given year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Put in terms of a common homeowner’s 30-year mortgage, there’s a 1-in-4 chance a house will flood during that time with that level of protection. The storms of the future only increase that probability due to the ongoing effects of climate change, Mount said, adding that “most places don’t even have a 100-year level of protection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extreme storms of the future will likely be much wetter than Californians experienced this winter. Daniel Swain, climate scientist at UCLA, said the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1982079/this-winters-floods-may-be-only-a-taste-of-the-megafloods-to-come-climate-scientists-warn\">storms that burst over California this winter were half as bad in total rain and snowfall as the megastorms predicted in the years to come\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As disruptive as [the storms] have been, they are nowhere near close to the plausible worst-case scenario,” he said. “We’ve gotten a taste of what widespread flooding is this winter, but I do think it’s only a taste.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982522\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2023/05/02/experts-call-for-doubled-levee-protection-to-battle-climate-change-in-california/allensworth-residents-stave-off-floodwaters/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1982522\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1982522\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1248893678-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"A road marked with the word STOP in white. The road is submerged in water. A car and a stop sign are enshrouded in water. A grey sky in the background.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1248893678-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1248893678-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1248893678-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1248893678-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1248893678.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On March 18, 2023, vehicles were submerged in floodwaters on Avenue 56 near the Central Valley Highway, a few miles north of Allensworth, where residents fortified the levee protecting their neighborhood. \u003ccite>(Robert Gauthier/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>A perfect time for a big water rethink\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As floodwaters recede, Mount and Brett Sanders, his peer at UC Irvine, said \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2023-04-07/flood-control-drought-levees-california\">this is the perfect time to rethink and update the state’s aging infrastructure to accommodate the future climate\u003c/a>. Fewer than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1981900/fewer-than-10-of-levees-in-the-greater-bay-area-have-a-federal-risk-rating\">10% of levees in the greater Bay Area have a federal risk rating\u003c/a>, according to a KQED analysis of the National Levee Database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The recent California storms showed us pretty clearly there’s a lot at risk and systems we think are there to protect us may not perform as we expect,” said Sanders, an engineering professor, of levees across the Central Valley and Central Coast that failed during winter storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a switch to a higher level of protection must start with conversations locally with the people most affected by flooding, Sanders said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those at risk should be involved in the planning process,” he said. “What we’ve tended to see in the past are projects designed by those with greater resources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanders said because no mound of dirt is designed to protect a community completely, legislation should include funding to ensure that when a levee fails or is overtopped, the people, regardless of socioeconomic status, have immediate access to resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There will always be floods that are beyond the capacity of systems,” he said. “So, are we doing what we need to do to protect even those that aren’t protected?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Increasing levee protections is a climate justice issue, say advocates\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The levee that burst in March near Pajaro in Monterey County, temporarily displacing thousands of people, was built to protect the area from storms at about an eight-year frequency. A future levee there is limited in its protective scope to the 1-in-100-year storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nobody is fully grasping what is in store in terms of climate impacts,” said Nancy Faulstich, executive director of Regeneración, Pájaro Valley Climate Action. “We’re not prepared, and the expense of accommodating ever-increasing levels of damage from ever-increasing storms will be astronomical.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A small or medium-sized storm could overwhelm the system as it is today, said Mark Strudley, executive director for the Pajaro Regional Flood Management Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bottom line is it needs to be built very quickly,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials are supposed to break ground on a levee upgrade as soon as next year, a project jointly funded by local, state and federal governments that would bring the levee up to a 1-in-100-year storm protection. But it will take about a decade to build.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982523\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2023/05/02/experts-call-for-doubled-levee-protection-to-battle-climate-change-in-california/us-weather-california-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1982523\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1982523 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1248253330-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A view of mostly brown water amid green trees, with white tented farmland on the opposite sideway of a roadway unaffected by the flooding.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1248253330-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1248253330-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1248253330-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1248253330-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1248253330.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This aerial view shows the broken levee in Pajaro on March 13, 2023.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Strudley said that altering the more-than-$500-million project with more protections would take years and, in the meantime, keep this lower-income community in the path of floodwaters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has been a real struggle to get this project developed,” he said. “Another more affluent community would have had a higher prioritization in terms of funding just by virtue of higher property values.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some areas the levee will be built wider and, in other parts, taller to withstand more water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s not a tremendous benefit to the community by further delaying the process by trying to get a 200-year-level protection,” he said. “What’s important to us is to protect against climate change but also to simply build this project that we have in front of us right now because it affords that protection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The levee project is designed for a wide range of flooding scenarios, said Stu Townsley, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers deputy district engineer for project management for the San Francisco region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no way that you can build a levee system that will protect any community from the biggest of big storms in the future,” he said. “It’s just financially and, in many cases, physically infeasible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said even the small storms of the future could cause anyone living in a floodplain “to get wet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for Sona Mohnot, director of climate equity and climate resilience for the policy and advocacy group The Greenlining Institute, not building the Pajaro levee to withstand the extreme storms of the future only increases the likelihood of the inevitable: another disastrous flood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a climate justice issue to protect a community from storms, period, especially the larger storms,” she said. “If this is the opportunity to protect the people, then I would want it to be protected to the maximum extent possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982521\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2023/05/02/experts-call-for-doubled-levee-protection-to-battle-climate-change-in-california/atmospheric-river-flooding-in-san-joaquin-county-of-california/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1982521\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1982521\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1249040682-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Houses surrounded by dark green water. Water submerges the ground and a blue and white sky are above. \" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1249040682-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1249040682-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1249040682-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1249040682-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1249040682.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view shows homes underwater after levee fails in Manteca of San Joaquin County on March 21, 2023. \u003ccite>(Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>The Legislature has failed to bolster flood protections statewide before\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The state Legislature has the power to bolster flood protections, but it will take bold moves. Mount said he is unaware of any effort by state lawmakers to raise the standard, even as a rapidly warming state has had to shell out billions of dollars in flood damages this winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would love to see a long-range look on the part of the Legislature, which acknowledges climate change and its increasing risk, basically by setting a [new] standard statewide,” he said. But he doesn’t expect it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s terrible to say, but I don’t think we had enough damage this year,” he said. “I don’t know if it was enough to get the Legislature off the dime on this to begin to act on it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the early aughts, during the Schwarzenegger administration, legislators pushed to double the federal standard for most non-federal levees across California to protect against future climate woes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was prescient. Nobody else was doing that,” said Mount. “Urban areas just hated it because it was going to be expensive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The South Coast and Bay Area folks went nuts because their systems as they’re designed would have to be completely overhauled,” he said. “We’re talking many billions of dollars to do such a thing and they didn’t want to be saddled with that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A final version of the legislation only applied \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/Programs/Flood-Management/Flood-Planning-and-Studies/Central-Valley-Flood-Protection-Plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to densely packed urban areas of the Central Valley\u003c/a>, leaving the rest of the state to come up with its own standards.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1982513/experts-call-for-doubled-levee-protection-to-battle-climate-change-in-california","authors":["11746"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_40","science_4450","science_98"],"tags":["science_5178","science_4417","science_316","science_2114","science_2830","science_201"],"featImg":"science_1982525","label":"source_science_1982513"},"science_1981830":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1981830","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1981830","score":null,"sort":[1678284059000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"threatened-coho-salmon-at-risk-owing-to-federal-mismanagement-groups-allege","title":"Threatened Coho Salmon at Risk Due to Federal Mismanagement, Groups Allege","publishDate":1678284059,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Threatened Coho Salmon at Risk Due to Federal Mismanagement, Groups Allege | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>A few weeks ago, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/coho-salmon-protected\">federally threatened coho salmon\u003c/a> swam up the Klamath River, spawned and laid egg nests. But some of these nests, or redds, holding as many as 4,000 eggs, may never hatch, owing to reduced water levels in the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the result of a severe water management bungling, say critics, by the Bureau of Reclamation, which controls how much water flows from Upper Klamath Lake into the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My jaw is dropping right now at the way things are being managed,” said Michael Belchik, senior water policy analyst employed by the Yurok Tribe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tribal nations and commercial fishing groups argue the agency violated the Endangered Species Act when it reduced river flows in mid-March below a minimum level set in a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration biological opinion, a series of recommendations and requirements meant to help the salmon recover and ensure river management decisions don’t push the species to the brink of extinction. The bureau blamed years of drought in the Klamath Basin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Yurok Tribe and the Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen’s Associations have alerted the Bureau of Reclamation that they intend to sue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fish need water. If they don’t get water at any stage of their life, they will die. And so that’s what’s happening right now,” said Amy Cordalis, one of the lawyers bringing the lawsuit. Cordalis is a member of the Yurok Tribe and a commercial fisherwoman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Already, we’ve observed that redds are being stranded. We know that as we get [further] into March, that’s when the juvenile baby fish will be in the river, and those will also be killed,” Cordalis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bureau of Reclamation, which controls flows and water allocation on the Klamath, says it is caught between competing priorities. They need to keep water in Upper Klamath Lake, above the Klamath Project dam, for two species of suckerfish; also known by local tribes as c’waam and koptu, these are federally endangered species. And they need to keep water flowing into the river so it can support all the life that depends upon it, including salmon and all the species that rely on them. But, they say, there is not enough water in the whole system to meet the needs of the protected species in both the lake and the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The adaptive management approach aims to address limited available water supply in the Klamath Basin, given potential future hydrology scenarios and competing needs for listed species in Upper Klamath Lake and the Klamath River,” said the bureau in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/newsroom/news-release/4423\">Feb. 14 press release\u003c/a>. The agency declined multiple requests for comment for this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuts to river flows could get more drastic as spring begins. Despite wet weather in the basin, the bureau has not yet signaled that it will increase water in the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://twitter.com/MichaelBelchik/status/1630257416444182528\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every year is treated like a drought in the Klamath now,” said Craig Tucker, natural resources policy consultant for the Karuk Tribe. “So despite the fact we’ve had an above-average winter so far and it’s still snowing and raining as we speak in the Klamath Basin, the bureau is taking these extraordinary measures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1981845\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1981845\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/RS63513_GettyImages-1322779946-2-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"A blue river winds through green trees rising above a valley. \" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/RS63513_GettyImages-1322779946-2-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/RS63513_GettyImages-1322779946-2-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/RS63513_GettyImages-1322779946-2-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/RS63513_GettyImages-1322779946-2-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/RS63513_GettyImages-1322779946-2-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/RS63513_GettyImages-1322779946-2-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In an aerial view, the Klamath River flows by the Yurok Tribe headquarters on June 9, 2021, in Weitchpec. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Beyond suckers vs. salmon\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The suckers-vs.-salmon framing obscures a mistake in judgment made by the bureau last summer, critics say: allocating too much water to farmers for irrigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They gave away too much water last year and so there’s a deficit this year,” said Glen Spain, regional director of the Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen’s Associations. “We can’t let that cycle go on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of times this gets portrayed as a clash between two endangered species,” said Belchik, of the Yurok Tribe. “That’s not what’s happening here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer the bureau allocated more water to agricultural users than it initially planned. In April, the bureau said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/newsroom/news-release/4168\">press release\u003c/a> that the Klamath Irrigation Project would be allocated approximately 50,000 acre-feet of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/projects/index.php?id=470\">irrigation project\u003c/a> provides water to approximately 240,000 acres of cropland in south-central Oregon and north-central California. Farmers in the region grow potatoes and other crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, bureau staff records reviewed by KQED list the actual amount of water delivered to the Klamath Irrigation Project during the 2022 water year as 95,000 acre-feet. If that extra allocation had not been made then, the lake levels would likely have been many tens of thousands of acre-feet higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s why it was really surprising to me when [the bureau] started talking about the need to cut river flows in early October. I was like, ‘What is going on here?’” said Belchik. “This was entirely preventable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Worries of an ecological collapse\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The dire situation now on the river echoes uncomfortably with a devastating year from two decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The last time the bureau cut close to these levels, it caused the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/bay_delta/california_waterfix/exhibits/docs/PCFFA&IGFR/part2/pcffa_155.pdf\">2002 Klamath River fish kill (PDF)\u003c/a>,” said Cordalis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was one of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.karuk.us/images/docs/press/press%20&%20campaigns/Bring%20the%20Salmon%20Home%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf\">biggest fish kills in U.S. history (PDF)\u003c/a>, leading to the closure of 700 miles of the West Coast commercial ocean salmon fishery in 2006 between northern Oregon and Monterey, California, because there were \u003ca href=\"https://media.fisheries.noaa.gov/dam-migration/30_west_salmon_determination_noaa-sf.pdf\">insufficient Klamath River stocks (PDF)\u003c/a>. The U.S. Commerce Department estimated the \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-aug-11-me-salmon11-story.html\">loss in revenue\u003c/a> to fishermen at $16 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so the potential implication of this year’s management decision from the Bureau of Reclamation and cutting these flows is that in two, three, four years, we could see [additional] closure[s] of the West Coast salmon fishery because the Klamath stocks are so important,” said Cordalis. “That’s what’s at stake here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reduced flows could also harm Chinook salmon, which are important food for endangered populations of orcas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1981846\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1981846\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/RS22170_IMG_6678-qut-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/RS22170_IMG_6678-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/RS22170_IMG_6678-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/RS22170_IMG_6678-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/RS22170_IMG_6678-qut-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/RS22170_IMG_6678-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/RS22170_IMG_6678-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Klamath River coho salmon. \u003ccite>(Jimmy Peterson and Will Harling/Mid Klamath Watershed Council)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Prompting a lawsuit\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1oOQYk5ndZebYJQhSW1K-NtqXPuKx4A3O/view\">lawsuit being filed\u003c/a> by the Yurok Tribe, the Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen’s Associations and Earthjustice will request an emergency injunction to immediately return water flows to the minimum amount required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s simply not legal in our view, for them to take that water from the fish,” said Spain, with the PCFFA. “Fish need actual real water in the river. And that’s what our lawsuit is going to demand, pointing out that it is illegal to go below the minimum flows. That’s what minimum flows mean. That is the minimum. You don’t go below the minimum.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the Endangered Species Act, the Bureau of Reclamation must consult with the National Marine Fisheries Service and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to analyze the implications of a decision that deviates from how it is normally supposed to operate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit contends this consultation was not completed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So that means two things,” said Cordalis. “One, they’re not meeting the requirements of the ESA. But two, which I think is even more concerning, is that the federal government has no idea really the scope of harm that will be created by this management decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(A National Marine Fisheries Service spokesperson declined to comment on whether the requirement had been met, citing pending litigation.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a joint \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/mp/kbao/docs/doi-noaa-term-sheet2023-klamath-project-operations-final-all-signatures.pdf\">Feb. 13 statement (PDF)\u003c/a>, the Bureau of Reclamation, the National Marine Fisheries Service and U.S. Fish and Wildlife said that water retained in the lake as a result of flows dipping below the minimum must be used only for fish. They also said they would continue meeting and engaging with Klamath Basin tribes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spain said the bureau has an outdated mindset — they used to be all about providing irrigation water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of very good people and very good scientists within the Bureau of Reclamation,” he said. “But the culture of the agency has always been that their job is to provide irrigation water. There’s some of that old culture still left. It’s not a science-based decision to prioritize irrigation water over fish and wildlife needs. That’s a political decision.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Tribes along the Klamath River and commercial fishing groups say the Bureau of Reclamation released too much water for farmers last summer, and not enough for federally threatened coho salmon eggs to hatch this year.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846075,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1441},"headData":{"title":"Threatened Coho Salmon at Risk Due to Federal Mismanagement, Groups Allege | KQED","description":"Tribes along the Klamath River and commercial fishing groups say the Bureau of Reclamation released too much water for farmers last summer, and not enough for federally threatened coho salmon eggs to hatch this year.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Fisheries","sticky":false,"subhead":"How Many Klamath Coho Will Survive Until Summer?","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1981830/threatened-coho-salmon-at-risk-owing-to-federal-mismanagement-groups-allege","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A few weeks ago, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/coho-salmon-protected\">federally threatened coho salmon\u003c/a> swam up the Klamath River, spawned and laid egg nests. But some of these nests, or redds, holding as many as 4,000 eggs, may never hatch, owing to reduced water levels in the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the result of a severe water management bungling, say critics, by the Bureau of Reclamation, which controls how much water flows from Upper Klamath Lake into the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My jaw is dropping right now at the way things are being managed,” said Michael Belchik, senior water policy analyst employed by the Yurok Tribe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tribal nations and commercial fishing groups argue the agency violated the Endangered Species Act when it reduced river flows in mid-March below a minimum level set in a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration biological opinion, a series of recommendations and requirements meant to help the salmon recover and ensure river management decisions don’t push the species to the brink of extinction. The bureau blamed years of drought in the Klamath Basin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Yurok Tribe and the Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen’s Associations have alerted the Bureau of Reclamation that they intend to sue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fish need water. If they don’t get water at any stage of their life, they will die. And so that’s what’s happening right now,” said Amy Cordalis, one of the lawyers bringing the lawsuit. Cordalis is a member of the Yurok Tribe and a commercial fisherwoman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Already, we’ve observed that redds are being stranded. We know that as we get [further] into March, that’s when the juvenile baby fish will be in the river, and those will also be killed,” Cordalis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bureau of Reclamation, which controls flows and water allocation on the Klamath, says it is caught between competing priorities. They need to keep water in Upper Klamath Lake, above the Klamath Project dam, for two species of suckerfish; also known by local tribes as c’waam and koptu, these are federally endangered species. And they need to keep water flowing into the river so it can support all the life that depends upon it, including salmon and all the species that rely on them. But, they say, there is not enough water in the whole system to meet the needs of the protected species in both the lake and the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The adaptive management approach aims to address limited available water supply in the Klamath Basin, given potential future hydrology scenarios and competing needs for listed species in Upper Klamath Lake and the Klamath River,” said the bureau in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/newsroom/news-release/4423\">Feb. 14 press release\u003c/a>. The agency declined multiple requests for comment for this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuts to river flows could get more drastic as spring begins. Despite wet weather in the basin, the bureau has not yet signaled that it will increase water in the river.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1630257416444182528"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>“Every year is treated like a drought in the Klamath now,” said Craig Tucker, natural resources policy consultant for the Karuk Tribe. “So despite the fact we’ve had an above-average winter so far and it’s still snowing and raining as we speak in the Klamath Basin, the bureau is taking these extraordinary measures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1981845\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1981845\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/RS63513_GettyImages-1322779946-2-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"A blue river winds through green trees rising above a valley. \" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/RS63513_GettyImages-1322779946-2-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/RS63513_GettyImages-1322779946-2-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/RS63513_GettyImages-1322779946-2-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/RS63513_GettyImages-1322779946-2-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/RS63513_GettyImages-1322779946-2-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/RS63513_GettyImages-1322779946-2-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In an aerial view, the Klamath River flows by the Yurok Tribe headquarters on June 9, 2021, in Weitchpec. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Beyond suckers vs. salmon\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The suckers-vs.-salmon framing obscures a mistake in judgment made by the bureau last summer, critics say: allocating too much water to farmers for irrigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They gave away too much water last year and so there’s a deficit this year,” said Glen Spain, regional director of the Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen’s Associations. “We can’t let that cycle go on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of times this gets portrayed as a clash between two endangered species,” said Belchik, of the Yurok Tribe. “That’s not what’s happening here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer the bureau allocated more water to agricultural users than it initially planned. In April, the bureau said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/newsroom/news-release/4168\">press release\u003c/a> that the Klamath Irrigation Project would be allocated approximately 50,000 acre-feet of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/projects/index.php?id=470\">irrigation project\u003c/a> provides water to approximately 240,000 acres of cropland in south-central Oregon and north-central California. Farmers in the region grow potatoes and other crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, bureau staff records reviewed by KQED list the actual amount of water delivered to the Klamath Irrigation Project during the 2022 water year as 95,000 acre-feet. If that extra allocation had not been made then, the lake levels would likely have been many tens of thousands of acre-feet higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s why it was really surprising to me when [the bureau] started talking about the need to cut river flows in early October. I was like, ‘What is going on here?’” said Belchik. “This was entirely preventable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Worries of an ecological collapse\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The dire situation now on the river echoes uncomfortably with a devastating year from two decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The last time the bureau cut close to these levels, it caused the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/bay_delta/california_waterfix/exhibits/docs/PCFFA&IGFR/part2/pcffa_155.pdf\">2002 Klamath River fish kill (PDF)\u003c/a>,” said Cordalis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was one of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.karuk.us/images/docs/press/press%20&%20campaigns/Bring%20the%20Salmon%20Home%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf\">biggest fish kills in U.S. history (PDF)\u003c/a>, leading to the closure of 700 miles of the West Coast commercial ocean salmon fishery in 2006 between northern Oregon and Monterey, California, because there were \u003ca href=\"https://media.fisheries.noaa.gov/dam-migration/30_west_salmon_determination_noaa-sf.pdf\">insufficient Klamath River stocks (PDF)\u003c/a>. The U.S. Commerce Department estimated the \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-aug-11-me-salmon11-story.html\">loss in revenue\u003c/a> to fishermen at $16 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so the potential implication of this year’s management decision from the Bureau of Reclamation and cutting these flows is that in two, three, four years, we could see [additional] closure[s] of the West Coast salmon fishery because the Klamath stocks are so important,” said Cordalis. “That’s what’s at stake here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reduced flows could also harm Chinook salmon, which are important food for endangered populations of orcas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1981846\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1981846\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/RS22170_IMG_6678-qut-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/RS22170_IMG_6678-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/RS22170_IMG_6678-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/RS22170_IMG_6678-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/RS22170_IMG_6678-qut-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/RS22170_IMG_6678-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/RS22170_IMG_6678-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Klamath River coho salmon. \u003ccite>(Jimmy Peterson and Will Harling/Mid Klamath Watershed Council)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Prompting a lawsuit\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1oOQYk5ndZebYJQhSW1K-NtqXPuKx4A3O/view\">lawsuit being filed\u003c/a> by the Yurok Tribe, the Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen’s Associations and Earthjustice will request an emergency injunction to immediately return water flows to the minimum amount required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s simply not legal in our view, for them to take that water from the fish,” said Spain, with the PCFFA. “Fish need actual real water in the river. And that’s what our lawsuit is going to demand, pointing out that it is illegal to go below the minimum flows. That’s what minimum flows mean. That is the minimum. You don’t go below the minimum.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the Endangered Species Act, the Bureau of Reclamation must consult with the National Marine Fisheries Service and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to analyze the implications of a decision that deviates from how it is normally supposed to operate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit contends this consultation was not completed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So that means two things,” said Cordalis. “One, they’re not meeting the requirements of the ESA. But two, which I think is even more concerning, is that the federal government has no idea really the scope of harm that will be created by this management decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(A National Marine Fisheries Service spokesperson declined to comment on whether the requirement had been met, citing pending litigation.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a joint \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/mp/kbao/docs/doi-noaa-term-sheet2023-klamath-project-operations-final-all-signatures.pdf\">Feb. 13 statement (PDF)\u003c/a>, the Bureau of Reclamation, the National Marine Fisheries Service and U.S. Fish and Wildlife said that water retained in the lake as a result of flows dipping below the minimum must be used only for fish. They also said they would continue meeting and engaging with Klamath Basin tribes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spain said the bureau has an outdated mindset — they used to be all about providing irrigation water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of very good people and very good scientists within the Bureau of Reclamation,” he said. “But the culture of the agency has always been that their job is to provide irrigation water. There’s some of that old culture still left. It’s not a science-based decision to prioritize irrigation water over fish and wildlife needs. That’s a political decision.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1981830/threatened-coho-salmon-at-risk-owing-to-federal-mismanagement-groups-allege","authors":["11088"],"categories":["science_2874","science_35","science_40","science_2873","science_4450","science_98"],"tags":["science_1275","science_247","science_201"],"featImg":"science_1981838","label":"source_science_1981830"},"science_1981241":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1981241","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1981241","score":null,"sort":[1673483687000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"heavy-rain-is-still-hitting-california-a-few-reservoirs-figured-out-how-to-capture-more-for-drought","title":"Heavy Rain Is Still Hitting California. A Few Reservoirs Figured Out How to Capture More for Drought","publishDate":1673483687,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Heavy Rain Is Still Hitting California. A Few Reservoirs Figured Out How to Capture More for Drought | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Despite several weeks of torrential rain and flooding, California is still facing a severe multi-year drought. That has many people thinking about how to better capture winter floodwaters to last through the dry season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An innovative approach at two California reservoirs could help boost the state’s water supply, potentially marking a larger shift from decades-old water management approaches to a system that can quickly adapt to precipitation in a changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At issue are rules that, at face value, seem perplexing to many Californians. Even in a chronically dry state, reservoirs are not allowed to fill up in the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the late fall and winter, most are required to release water if they get too full, sometimes emptying out almost by half. That’s because the empty space is crucial if an intense storm hits. Reservoirs collect runoff and prevent it from flooding downstream cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, in some years, reservoirs preemptively empty out with little need if no major storms materialize. That means valuable water is lost for potentially drier months ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two sites, Folsom Reservoir and Lake Mendocino, are rethinking this by using weather forecasts to guide their operations. Instead of sticking to set rules, they only empty out if a major storm is forecasted for the days ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parade of major storms that have hit California, known as atmospheric rivers, is providing a key test for these systems. Water experts say it’s showing that “\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2016/03/18/469799456/in-california-dealing-with-a-drought-and-preparing-for-a-flood\">forecast-informed” reservoir operations\u003c/a> have the potential to reshape how water is stored across the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1981243\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1981243\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-800x523.jpg\" alt=\"The NOAA Hurricane Hunters plane wing seen above clouds in the clear sky.\" width=\"800\" height=\"523\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-800x523.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-1020x667.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-768x502.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-1536x1004.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-2048x1339.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-1920x1255.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The NOAA Hurricane Hunters fly above an atmospheric river on January 9th, 2023, preparing to drop instruments into the storm to aid with weather forecasts. \u003ccite>(Rich Henning/NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We have to use every drop of water that much more effectively,” says Marty Ralph, director for the Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes at UC San Diego’s Scripps Institution of Oceanography. “There’s not much to spare, and we need to do the best we can to use that water efficiently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Making water decisions in real-time\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Most reservoirs have two jobs that are completely at odds with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the one hand, reservoirs need to be as full as possible to provide water for people and wildlife. On the other, staying empty ensures they can safely handle the runoff from major storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are huge for walking that line. If a dam is overwhelmed, potentially hundreds of thousands of people risk being flooded downstream. Stay too empty, and cities and agriculture run short of water when a drought hits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, reservoirs used fixed rules to guide those decisions, most created decades ago before human-induced climate change began fueling extreme weather. At Folsom Reservoir outside Sacramento, California, the water level could only reach 60 percent full in the winter. If more water flowed in, it had to be released. Some winters, where major storms stopped arriving, that water could have been safely stored and used later during the long, dry summer months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2016/03/18/469799456/in-california-dealing-with-a-drought-and-preparing-for-a-flood\">many years of study\u003c/a>, water managers remade that system in 2019, working with the federal Army Corps of Engineers which is responsible for flood safety. Now, the reservoir can stay 20 percent fuller in the winter, though not completely full. Then, if a major storm appears, the reservoir makes space by releasing water three to five days ahead of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Back when the dams were built, it was a pretty wise choice in my opinion not to use weather forecasts because they weren’t very good,” Ralph says. “But now with satellites and radars and models and science, there’s been a lot of improvements so it seems sensible to give it a try.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1981244\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1981244\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-800x506.jpg\" alt=\"Image shows lake level conditions surrounding Granite Bay Main Beach at Folsom Lake in Placer County, California.\" width=\"800\" height=\"506\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-800x506.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-1020x646.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-160x101.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-768x486.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-1536x972.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-2048x1296.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-1920x1215.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">By using flexible rules, Folsom Lake outside Sacramento, California could hold onto 20 percent more water by the summer, helping the state with its severe drought. \u003ccite>(Kenneth James/California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The key is spotting atmospheric rivers, massive plumes of moisture that stretch hundreds of miles across the Pacific. Predicting where they’ll land in California is crucial for forecasting how much runoff a reservoir will see. The relentless storms hitting the state this winter means water managers are continually recalibrating how much water Folsom Reservoir can hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re constantly rerunning these ensemble forecasts for river flows,” says Drew Lessard, who manages Folsom Reservoir at the Central California office of the Bureau of Reclamation. “So it’s working as intended, but it’s certainly pretty dynamic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Other Western reservoirs looking at dynamic methods\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Closer to the Bay Area, Lake Mendocino is \u003ca href=\"https://www.sonomawater.org/firo\">also using forecast-informed operations\u003c/a>. A handful of other California reservoirs are in the process of studying it as well. The federal Bureau of Reclamation, the largest provider of water for utilities in the country, says it’s looking into other places where it might be a good fit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The climate is changing, hydrology is changing, weather patterns are changing,” says David Raff, chief engineer at the Bureau of Reclamation. “In addition to that, the demand for water is increasing in the Western United States. When you put those things together, there is a significant interest to optimize operations in all of our reservoirs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The method may not be a good fit in all Western reservoirs, however. Some are affected by other weather patterns or melting snow that’s harder to predict than California’s weather. Other reservoirs, like on the Colorado River, have the capacity to hold so much water that releasing water during the flood season isn’t much of an issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water experts say as the climate gets hotter, Western water managers will need to use real-time data to be more responsive to the changing conditions. California is expected to see more “weather whiplash,” the abrupt swings from extreme dry periods to extreme floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Longer droughts, deeper droughts and bigger storms between them,” Ralph says. “That’s what Mother Nature is going to deliver us under a warmer climate. So we need to prepare. There’s a lot at stake and these are methods that could really help us with climate adaptation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Heavy+rain+is+still+hitting+California.+A+few+reservoirs+figured+out+how+to+capture+more+for+drought&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Decades-old rules mean most reservoirs aren't allowed to fill up in the winter. A new approach using weather forecasts is helping some save more water to help with California's drought.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846116,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1075},"headData":{"title":"Heavy Rain Is Still Hitting California. A Few Reservoirs Figured Out How to Capture More for Drought | KQED","description":"Decades-old rules mean most reservoirs aren't allowed to fill up in the winter. A new approach using weather forecasts is helping some save more water to help with California's drought.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"NPR","sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"Ken James","nprByline":"Lauren Sommer\u003cbr> NPR","nprImageAgency":"California Department of Water Resources","nprStoryId":"1148421818","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1148421818&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/11/1148421818/heavy-rain-is-still-hitting-california-a-few-reservoirs-figured-out-how-to-captu?ft=nprml&f=1148421818","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 11 Jan 2023 17:46:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 11 Jan 2023 17:11:35 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 11 Jan 2023 17:11:35 -0500","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2023/01/20230111_atc_heavy_rain_is_still_hitting_california_a_few_reservoirs_figured_out_how_to_capture_more_for_drought.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1167&d=276&p=2&story=1148421818&ft=nprml&f=1148421818","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/11148488998-53cc07.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1167&d=276&p=2&story=1148421818&ft=nprml&f=1148421818","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1981241/heavy-rain-is-still-hitting-california-a-few-reservoirs-figured-out-how-to-capture-more-for-drought","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2023/01/20230111_atc_heavy_rain_is_still_hitting_california_a_few_reservoirs_figured_out_how_to_capture_more_for_drought.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1167&d=276&p=2&story=1148421818&ft=nprml&f=1148421818","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Despite several weeks of torrential rain and flooding, California is still facing a severe multi-year drought. That has many people thinking about how to better capture winter floodwaters to last through the dry season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An innovative approach at two California reservoirs could help boost the state’s water supply, potentially marking a larger shift from decades-old water management approaches to a system that can quickly adapt to precipitation in a changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At issue are rules that, at face value, seem perplexing to many Californians. Even in a chronically dry state, reservoirs are not allowed to fill up in the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the late fall and winter, most are required to release water if they get too full, sometimes emptying out almost by half. That’s because the empty space is crucial if an intense storm hits. Reservoirs collect runoff and prevent it from flooding downstream cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, in some years, reservoirs preemptively empty out with little need if no major storms materialize. That means valuable water is lost for potentially drier months ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two sites, Folsom Reservoir and Lake Mendocino, are rethinking this by using weather forecasts to guide their operations. Instead of sticking to set rules, they only empty out if a major storm is forecasted for the days ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parade of major storms that have hit California, known as atmospheric rivers, is providing a key test for these systems. Water experts say it’s showing that “\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2016/03/18/469799456/in-california-dealing-with-a-drought-and-preparing-for-a-flood\">forecast-informed” reservoir operations\u003c/a> have the potential to reshape how water is stored across the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1981243\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1981243\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-800x523.jpg\" alt=\"The NOAA Hurricane Hunters plane wing seen above clouds in the clear sky.\" width=\"800\" height=\"523\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-800x523.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-1020x667.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-768x502.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-1536x1004.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-2048x1339.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-1920x1255.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The NOAA Hurricane Hunters fly above an atmospheric river on January 9th, 2023, preparing to drop instruments into the storm to aid with weather forecasts. \u003ccite>(Rich Henning/NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We have to use every drop of water that much more effectively,” says Marty Ralph, director for the Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes at UC San Diego’s Scripps Institution of Oceanography. “There’s not much to spare, and we need to do the best we can to use that water efficiently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Making water decisions in real-time\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Most reservoirs have two jobs that are completely at odds with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the one hand, reservoirs need to be as full as possible to provide water for people and wildlife. On the other, staying empty ensures they can safely handle the runoff from major storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are huge for walking that line. If a dam is overwhelmed, potentially hundreds of thousands of people risk being flooded downstream. Stay too empty, and cities and agriculture run short of water when a drought hits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, reservoirs used fixed rules to guide those decisions, most created decades ago before human-induced climate change began fueling extreme weather. At Folsom Reservoir outside Sacramento, California, the water level could only reach 60 percent full in the winter. If more water flowed in, it had to be released. Some winters, where major storms stopped arriving, that water could have been safely stored and used later during the long, dry summer months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2016/03/18/469799456/in-california-dealing-with-a-drought-and-preparing-for-a-flood\">many years of study\u003c/a>, water managers remade that system in 2019, working with the federal Army Corps of Engineers which is responsible for flood safety. Now, the reservoir can stay 20 percent fuller in the winter, though not completely full. Then, if a major storm appears, the reservoir makes space by releasing water three to five days ahead of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Back when the dams were built, it was a pretty wise choice in my opinion not to use weather forecasts because they weren’t very good,” Ralph says. “But now with satellites and radars and models and science, there’s been a lot of improvements so it seems sensible to give it a try.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1981244\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1981244\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-800x506.jpg\" alt=\"Image shows lake level conditions surrounding Granite Bay Main Beach at Folsom Lake in Placer County, California.\" width=\"800\" height=\"506\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-800x506.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-1020x646.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-160x101.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-768x486.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-1536x972.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-2048x1296.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-1920x1215.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">By using flexible rules, Folsom Lake outside Sacramento, California could hold onto 20 percent more water by the summer, helping the state with its severe drought. \u003ccite>(Kenneth James/California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The key is spotting atmospheric rivers, massive plumes of moisture that stretch hundreds of miles across the Pacific. Predicting where they’ll land in California is crucial for forecasting how much runoff a reservoir will see. The relentless storms hitting the state this winter means water managers are continually recalibrating how much water Folsom Reservoir can hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re constantly rerunning these ensemble forecasts for river flows,” says Drew Lessard, who manages Folsom Reservoir at the Central California office of the Bureau of Reclamation. “So it’s working as intended, but it’s certainly pretty dynamic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Other Western reservoirs looking at dynamic methods\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Closer to the Bay Area, Lake Mendocino is \u003ca href=\"https://www.sonomawater.org/firo\">also using forecast-informed operations\u003c/a>. A handful of other California reservoirs are in the process of studying it as well. The federal Bureau of Reclamation, the largest provider of water for utilities in the country, says it’s looking into other places where it might be a good fit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The climate is changing, hydrology is changing, weather patterns are changing,” says David Raff, chief engineer at the Bureau of Reclamation. “In addition to that, the demand for water is increasing in the Western United States. When you put those things together, there is a significant interest to optimize operations in all of our reservoirs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The method may not be a good fit in all Western reservoirs, however. Some are affected by other weather patterns or melting snow that’s harder to predict than California’s weather. Other reservoirs, like on the Colorado River, have the capacity to hold so much water that releasing water during the flood season isn’t much of an issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water experts say as the climate gets hotter, Western water managers will need to use real-time data to be more responsive to the changing conditions. California is expected to see more “weather whiplash,” the abrupt swings from extreme dry periods to extreme floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Longer droughts, deeper droughts and bigger storms between them,” Ralph says. “That’s what Mother Nature is going to deliver us under a warmer climate. So we need to prepare. There’s a lot at stake and these are methods that could really help us with climate adaptation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Heavy+rain+is+still+hitting+California.+A+few+reservoirs+figured+out+how+to+capture+more+for+drought&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1981241/heavy-rain-is-still-hitting-california-a-few-reservoirs-figured-out-how-to-capture-more-for-drought","authors":["byline_science_1981241"],"categories":["science_31","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_2227","science_1622","science_182","science_194","science_572","science_539","science_201"],"featImg":"science_1981242","label":"source_science_1981241"},"science_1981169":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1981169","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1981169","score":null,"sort":[1672340866000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"when-the-state-cut-their-water-these-california-users-created-a-collaborative-solution","title":"When the State Cut Their Water, These California Users Created a Collaborative Solution","publishDate":1672340866,"format":"standard","headTitle":"When the State Cut Their Water, These California Users Created a Collaborative Solution | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>California Gov. Gavin Newsom stood at a podium placed on the sandy bottom of Lake Mendocino, a basin built to hold more than 20 billion gallons of water. It was spring, which meant that the reservoir should have held water from the winter rains that in past decades provided water to millions of Californians. Instead, on this afternoon in 2021, the ground was dry and cracked. Newsom was there to declare a drought emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate change is intensifying both the frequency and the severity of dry periods,” he said. It was time for California to prepare for “what may be a prolonged drought at our doorstep.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is contending with its driest three-year period on record. The lake reservoir where Newsom set his declaration supplies water to the Russian River, which in turn provides water for 600,000 people and to some of California’s best-known wineries. Now, the watershed and the reservoir where this drought began have become the proving ground for an innovative water agreement that aims to make more of scarce supplies. Creators say the program could become a prototype for accords elsewhere in the state and in the West, a beacon of collaboration in a place where water can be contentious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working through the state’s convoluted water rights system, the novel agreement inked this summer allows water users to voluntarily conserve. The water left over can be passed on to other users in the area who have less priority and who, without the program, may have been left with nothing. Very generally, in a normal year, users with older water rights are allowed first priority, and in times of shortage, junior users are the first to be cut back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the project ran for about four weeks of the growing season, an abbreviated test run that allowed some grape growers to keep plants alive after years of scrimping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if it was for only a few more weeks than the previous year, for a farmer, particularly, that can be make or break,” said Elizabeth Salomone, general manager of the Russian River Flood Control and Water Conservation Improvement District, which has contracts to disburse water from Lake Mendocino and the Russian River to farmers and water suppliers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An order to reduce flows further upstream shut the program down early, but the agreement’s architects hope to keep it ready to run again next year as they plan for the potential of another dry winter in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>After privation, working together\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A few months after Newsom stood at the bottom of Lake Mendocino, water rights attorney Philip Williams recalls sitting in his law office, surrounded by a portrait of Abraham Lincoln and framed paintings commemorating his time serving in the Army. He was logged onto a state court website, ready to sue California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My finger was on the trigger,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1981171\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/RussianRiverSantaRosaCA700px.png\" alt=\"California Gov. Gavin Newsome has implemented a conservation program to provide water from Lake Mendocimo and the Russian River to drought-stricken wineries, farms and 600,000 area residents\" width=\"700\" height=\"820\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/RussianRiverSantaRosaCA700px.png 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/RussianRiverSantaRosaCA700px-160x187.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May 2021, the state board that controls California water rights warned that Lake Mendocino was at a critically low level. Later in the summer, to prevent the reservoir from running dry, the state ordered thousands of users to stop diverting water from several rivers, a policy known as curtailment. The state even cut the rights for Ukiah, a town of about 20,000 in rural wine country with senior water rights that is one of Williams’ clients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorney thought the restrictions were wrong. Ukiah, which had access to recycled water and groundwater, wasn’t in danger of running out of supplies. But the town wanted to help other communities that didn’t have the same backup. The disagreement took Williams to the brink of legal action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though a lawyer by trade, litigation wasn’t Williams’ preferred remedy. A veteran who served in Iraq, Williams felt the war was an institutional failure. Though his tour was decades ago, taking the state to court felt similar to him — parties have long sued over water, yet the fights over water supplies continued. He thought there was a better path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This program is a way to show that we can get out of that cycle,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Salomone, the state water board had floated the potential for alternatives to curtailment back in 2020, suggesting in a meeting with water providers and users in the Russian River watershed that they devise some type of sharing program for constrained supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, those types of agreements are exceedingly rare. A complex rights system governs water, designating who can pull from underground supplies, rivers and state-run reservoirs and canals at certain times. Williams also remembers the board raising the idea, on a call he took while driving. Others on the call met the proposal with silence, which he read as surprise. Water supplies reached severe lows before any such agreement could be hatched, and then came the curtailments in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ukiah was far from the only user upset by the policy, which affected thousands of rights holders, including municipalities and farms. In Redwood Valley, a community north of Ukiah that purchases most of its water, residents were each limited to 55 gallons per day, an amount the state sets for human health and safety needs. Some reported showering with rainwater collected from their roofs. Ukiah trucked water to the coast, where restaurants could only serve water on request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When users in the watershed got together in the fall to discuss solutions, the pain of those cuts and earlier ones remained fresh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was still a lot of bruising among the community,” said Salomone, who attended the meetings and helped coordinate the agreement. “So it took us a while to get the ball rolling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state hired a facilitator to help water users work together. Over the next several months, state regulators, water users, suppliers, tribes and city representatives including Williams met once a week, with many members gathering even more frequently in smaller groups. After months of negotiations, they unveiled a voluntary sharing agreement designed to avoid the cuts many of them had just experienced. Users signed up, agreed to conserve a certain amount based on previous usage and shared the extra water with more junior users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water users accounting for about 42% of the watershed’s demand participated, which felt like a success to the organizers of an unproven program. Contributors like Salomone see it as a way to bend the inflexibility of California water law to modern conditions influenced by climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does provide a creative mentality of looking at solutions that are locally driven and collaborative,” said Devon Jones, executive director at the Mendocino County Farm Bureau, a grower membership organization where Jones estimates about three-quarters of the work is water-related. “That in itself is an improvement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Appreciating a bit of leeway as supplies dry up\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California gets three-quarters of its precipitation in the months between November and March. Some of that falls as snow, which melts and eventually runs from the mountains down to the ocean. But in recent years, winters have been dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the cusp of December this year, Lake Mendocino looked about as empty as it did in April 2021 when Newsom made his announcement. Residents walked their dogs on the reservoir’s floor, and craggy rocks marked a historic shoreline yards above the lake’s exposed bottom. Part of the reason the basin is so dry is because of a lack of rain. Climate change is making precipitation patterns in California more erratic, increasing temperatures and melting snow earlier, which makes the state drier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With precipitation growing more inconsistent, users have had to look to other supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Ukiah, where Lake Mendocino is located, concrete basins on the edge of town can hold up to 66 million gallons of recycled water, enough to supply roughly 30% of the city’s annual use and to provide nitrogen-rich water to nearby farms. Ukiah spent $34 million to build the facility, which came online in 2019. At the end of August, the basins that hold the recycled stores were completely empty, said Sean White, Ukiah’s director of water and sewer resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson Family Wines, one of the largest wine companies in the U.S., is recycling water, too. The company, which has vineyards across California, Oregon and abroad, now reuses water for washing wine barrels. In lean years, growers will also lop off weaker grape clusters to leave resources for more promising ones, or water just enough to keep vines alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other users rely on groundwater. The Dry Creek Rancheria Band of Pomo Indians, which owns sovereign land south of Ukiah and grows grapes on nearby vineyards, muscled through the last few years of drought using only wells. Though it supports the water sharing agreement, the Tribe didn’t sign on because it had sufficient water for its needs this year, said Christopher Ott, the Tribe’s environmental director. The Tribe will consider participating in future years if the program continues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the sharing program began in July, it offered greater water supply for participants. Big wineries like Sutter Home and Gallo and cities including Ukiah and Healdsburg joined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Participants said the program offered a bit of leeway amid more state water curtailments. In 2021, for example, Healdsburg was forced to stop nearly all irrigation. This year, the agreement allowed the city 10% to 20% more water, according to Terry Crowley, the city’s utilities director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carolyn Wasem, senior vice president for government relations and external affairs at Jackson Family Wines, said the company was able to extend its growing weeks when water was available. “We had one more month of water or two more months of water than we would have had otherwise,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Which to me was the ultimate goal,” said Susanne Zechiel, the company’s vice president for environmental regulatory compliance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the agreement functioned for just a few weeks before it hit a snag: a federal commission ordered a reduction in water flows through a hydroelectric project and into Lake Mendocino. The reduced flows lowered the amount of water available to downstream users participating in the agreement. In August, the state put the program on indefinite hiatus and told participants that many of them would have to adhere to the very cuts they had tried to avoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order was intended to protect water storage levels and habitat for fish. But for many associated with the water sharing agreement, the change in flows was a frustrating wrinkle in an already complex process. It’s unclear when and if flows will increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barring any change in California’s drought emergency, the agreement officially ends at the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The collaboration was nothing short of remarkable, said Sam Boland-Brien, a program manager at the state water board who helped set it in motion, and it could help other areas dealing with scarce water — even within restrictive water rights systems — to look at sharing. In Nevada, a recent Supreme Court ruling green-lighted a plan in which farmers and ranchers will work to reduce use and can trade the water left over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, many expect the program to get a second shot next year. Its creators are working on a report to the state about how to improve the agreement for 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody looked at each other and said, ‘I’m better off with you than without you, and the only way we’re all going to get through the drought is if we work together and we share,” said Laurel Marcus, who helped develop the agreement and operates a certification program called Fish Friendly Farming in nine California counties. “I don’t know how many places that can happen, but I bet a lot of the rural West can do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/\">Inside Climate News\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. Sign up for the ICN newsletter \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/newsletter/\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In a potential beacon for other parched regions, a new program allowed users to share water.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846122,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":41,"wordCount":2034},"headData":{"title":"When the State Cut Their Water, These California Users Created a Collaborative Solution | KQED","description":"In a potential beacon for other parched regions, a new program allowed users to share water.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Inside Climate News","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Emma Foehringer Merchant \u003cbr>Inside Climate News \u003cbr>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1981169/when-the-state-cut-their-water-these-california-users-created-a-collaborative-solution","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California Gov. Gavin Newsom stood at a podium placed on the sandy bottom of Lake Mendocino, a basin built to hold more than 20 billion gallons of water. It was spring, which meant that the reservoir should have held water from the winter rains that in past decades provided water to millions of Californians. Instead, on this afternoon in 2021, the ground was dry and cracked. Newsom was there to declare a drought emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate change is intensifying both the frequency and the severity of dry periods,” he said. It was time for California to prepare for “what may be a prolonged drought at our doorstep.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is contending with its driest three-year period on record. The lake reservoir where Newsom set his declaration supplies water to the Russian River, which in turn provides water for 600,000 people and to some of California’s best-known wineries. Now, the watershed and the reservoir where this drought began have become the proving ground for an innovative water agreement that aims to make more of scarce supplies. Creators say the program could become a prototype for accords elsewhere in the state and in the West, a beacon of collaboration in a place where water can be contentious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working through the state’s convoluted water rights system, the novel agreement inked this summer allows water users to voluntarily conserve. The water left over can be passed on to other users in the area who have less priority and who, without the program, may have been left with nothing. Very generally, in a normal year, users with older water rights are allowed first priority, and in times of shortage, junior users are the first to be cut back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the project ran for about four weeks of the growing season, an abbreviated test run that allowed some grape growers to keep plants alive after years of scrimping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if it was for only a few more weeks than the previous year, for a farmer, particularly, that can be make or break,” said Elizabeth Salomone, general manager of the Russian River Flood Control and Water Conservation Improvement District, which has contracts to disburse water from Lake Mendocino and the Russian River to farmers and water suppliers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An order to reduce flows further upstream shut the program down early, but the agreement’s architects hope to keep it ready to run again next year as they plan for the potential of another dry winter in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>After privation, working together\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A few months after Newsom stood at the bottom of Lake Mendocino, water rights attorney Philip Williams recalls sitting in his law office, surrounded by a portrait of Abraham Lincoln and framed paintings commemorating his time serving in the Army. He was logged onto a state court website, ready to sue California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My finger was on the trigger,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1981171\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/RussianRiverSantaRosaCA700px.png\" alt=\"California Gov. Gavin Newsome has implemented a conservation program to provide water from Lake Mendocimo and the Russian River to drought-stricken wineries, farms and 600,000 area residents\" width=\"700\" height=\"820\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/RussianRiverSantaRosaCA700px.png 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/RussianRiverSantaRosaCA700px-160x187.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May 2021, the state board that controls California water rights warned that Lake Mendocino was at a critically low level. Later in the summer, to prevent the reservoir from running dry, the state ordered thousands of users to stop diverting water from several rivers, a policy known as curtailment. The state even cut the rights for Ukiah, a town of about 20,000 in rural wine country with senior water rights that is one of Williams’ clients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorney thought the restrictions were wrong. Ukiah, which had access to recycled water and groundwater, wasn’t in danger of running out of supplies. But the town wanted to help other communities that didn’t have the same backup. The disagreement took Williams to the brink of legal action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though a lawyer by trade, litigation wasn’t Williams’ preferred remedy. A veteran who served in Iraq, Williams felt the war was an institutional failure. Though his tour was decades ago, taking the state to court felt similar to him — parties have long sued over water, yet the fights over water supplies continued. He thought there was a better path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This program is a way to show that we can get out of that cycle,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Salomone, the state water board had floated the potential for alternatives to curtailment back in 2020, suggesting in a meeting with water providers and users in the Russian River watershed that they devise some type of sharing program for constrained supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, those types of agreements are exceedingly rare. A complex rights system governs water, designating who can pull from underground supplies, rivers and state-run reservoirs and canals at certain times. Williams also remembers the board raising the idea, on a call he took while driving. Others on the call met the proposal with silence, which he read as surprise. Water supplies reached severe lows before any such agreement could be hatched, and then came the curtailments in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ukiah was far from the only user upset by the policy, which affected thousands of rights holders, including municipalities and farms. In Redwood Valley, a community north of Ukiah that purchases most of its water, residents were each limited to 55 gallons per day, an amount the state sets for human health and safety needs. Some reported showering with rainwater collected from their roofs. Ukiah trucked water to the coast, where restaurants could only serve water on request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When users in the watershed got together in the fall to discuss solutions, the pain of those cuts and earlier ones remained fresh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was still a lot of bruising among the community,” said Salomone, who attended the meetings and helped coordinate the agreement. “So it took us a while to get the ball rolling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state hired a facilitator to help water users work together. Over the next several months, state regulators, water users, suppliers, tribes and city representatives including Williams met once a week, with many members gathering even more frequently in smaller groups. After months of negotiations, they unveiled a voluntary sharing agreement designed to avoid the cuts many of them had just experienced. Users signed up, agreed to conserve a certain amount based on previous usage and shared the extra water with more junior users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water users accounting for about 42% of the watershed’s demand participated, which felt like a success to the organizers of an unproven program. Contributors like Salomone see it as a way to bend the inflexibility of California water law to modern conditions influenced by climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does provide a creative mentality of looking at solutions that are locally driven and collaborative,” said Devon Jones, executive director at the Mendocino County Farm Bureau, a grower membership organization where Jones estimates about three-quarters of the work is water-related. “That in itself is an improvement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Appreciating a bit of leeway as supplies dry up\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California gets three-quarters of its precipitation in the months between November and March. Some of that falls as snow, which melts and eventually runs from the mountains down to the ocean. But in recent years, winters have been dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the cusp of December this year, Lake Mendocino looked about as empty as it did in April 2021 when Newsom made his announcement. Residents walked their dogs on the reservoir’s floor, and craggy rocks marked a historic shoreline yards above the lake’s exposed bottom. Part of the reason the basin is so dry is because of a lack of rain. Climate change is making precipitation patterns in California more erratic, increasing temperatures and melting snow earlier, which makes the state drier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With precipitation growing more inconsistent, users have had to look to other supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Ukiah, where Lake Mendocino is located, concrete basins on the edge of town can hold up to 66 million gallons of recycled water, enough to supply roughly 30% of the city’s annual use and to provide nitrogen-rich water to nearby farms. Ukiah spent $34 million to build the facility, which came online in 2019. At the end of August, the basins that hold the recycled stores were completely empty, said Sean White, Ukiah’s director of water and sewer resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson Family Wines, one of the largest wine companies in the U.S., is recycling water, too. The company, which has vineyards across California, Oregon and abroad, now reuses water for washing wine barrels. In lean years, growers will also lop off weaker grape clusters to leave resources for more promising ones, or water just enough to keep vines alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other users rely on groundwater. The Dry Creek Rancheria Band of Pomo Indians, which owns sovereign land south of Ukiah and grows grapes on nearby vineyards, muscled through the last few years of drought using only wells. Though it supports the water sharing agreement, the Tribe didn’t sign on because it had sufficient water for its needs this year, said Christopher Ott, the Tribe’s environmental director. The Tribe will consider participating in future years if the program continues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the sharing program began in July, it offered greater water supply for participants. Big wineries like Sutter Home and Gallo and cities including Ukiah and Healdsburg joined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Participants said the program offered a bit of leeway amid more state water curtailments. In 2021, for example, Healdsburg was forced to stop nearly all irrigation. This year, the agreement allowed the city 10% to 20% more water, according to Terry Crowley, the city’s utilities director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carolyn Wasem, senior vice president for government relations and external affairs at Jackson Family Wines, said the company was able to extend its growing weeks when water was available. “We had one more month of water or two more months of water than we would have had otherwise,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Which to me was the ultimate goal,” said Susanne Zechiel, the company’s vice president for environmental regulatory compliance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the agreement functioned for just a few weeks before it hit a snag: a federal commission ordered a reduction in water flows through a hydroelectric project and into Lake Mendocino. The reduced flows lowered the amount of water available to downstream users participating in the agreement. In August, the state put the program on indefinite hiatus and told participants that many of them would have to adhere to the very cuts they had tried to avoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order was intended to protect water storage levels and habitat for fish. But for many associated with the water sharing agreement, the change in flows was a frustrating wrinkle in an already complex process. It’s unclear when and if flows will increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barring any change in California’s drought emergency, the agreement officially ends at the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The collaboration was nothing short of remarkable, said Sam Boland-Brien, a program manager at the state water board who helped set it in motion, and it could help other areas dealing with scarce water — even within restrictive water rights systems — to look at sharing. In Nevada, a recent Supreme Court ruling green-lighted a plan in which farmers and ranchers will work to reduce use and can trade the water left over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, many expect the program to get a second shot next year. Its creators are working on a report to the state about how to improve the agreement for 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody looked at each other and said, ‘I’m better off with you than without you, and the only way we’re all going to get through the drought is if we work together and we share,” said Laurel Marcus, who helped develop the agreement and operates a certification program called Fish Friendly Farming in nine California counties. “I don’t know how many places that can happen, but I bet a lot of the rural West can do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/\">Inside Climate News\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. Sign up for the ICN newsletter \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/newsletter/\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1981169/when-the-state-cut-their-water-these-california-users-created-a-collaborative-solution","authors":["byline_science_1981169"],"categories":["science_31","science_40","science_4450","science_98"],"tags":["science_1622","science_182","science_194","science_192","science_309","science_201","science_110"],"featImg":"science_1981170","label":"source_science_1981169"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/possible-5gxfizEbKOJ-pbF5ASgxrs_.1400x1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0018_AmericanSuburb_iTunesTile_01.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0017_BayCurious_iTunesTile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/BBC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. 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