California Keeps Sending Toxic Soil to Out-of-State Landfills — Newsom and Legislators Are Slow to Change Course
SF Supervisors Unhappy With City's Lack of Action to Protect Bayview-Hunters Point Residents From Toxic Sea Level Rise
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EPA Won't Approve Warning Labels For Weed Killer
California Court Bans Pesticide, Says Trump Admin Endangered Public Health
Oakland Says Debris Company Still Polluting, Defying Court Order
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California’s own hazardous waste watchdog — the Department of Toxic Substances Control — is one of the biggest out-of-state dumpers and has continued to take its toxic waste to Arizona despite the public revelations, according to information the department recently provided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom has positioned himself as a national leader on environmental issues. His office failed to respond to requests for comment both before and after CalMatters’ initial report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The as-yet unscheduled hearing had been planned to explore various hazardous waste issues, but the chair of the state Senate’s Environmental Quality Committee said it will now also probe the out-of-state dumping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a real concern,” said Sen. Ben Allen, a Democrat from Redondo Beach. “I think at a gut level, everybody feels as though every state should be handling its own toxic waste and not sending it across borders to other states and countries with less stringent environmental standards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CalMatters’ reporting revealed that California businesses and government agencies have disposed of more than 660,000 tons of toxic soil in Arizona landfills since 2018 and nearly a million tons at a Utah landfill, according to data from the state’s hazardous waste tracking system. That includes more than 105,000 tons from the state’s cleanup of lead-contaminated soil in the neighborhoods around the old Exide battery recycling facility in Los Angeles County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The out-of-state landfills are a cheaper option than California’s two hazardous waste disposal facilities, which are in Kings and Kern counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Toxic Substances Control took most of the Exide residential cleanup waste to the South Yuma County Landfill, which Arizona environmental regulators in 2021 labeled as posing an “\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23571796-20210430-south-yuma-county-landfill-inspection-report#document/p25/a2194981\">imminent and substantial threat\u003c/a>” after an inspection noted windblown litter, large amounts of “disease vectors” (flies and birds), and groundwater with elevated levels of chromium — a metal that can harm people and the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The landfill made fixes to resolve those and other violations, according to Arizona regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exide waste has continued to go to that state. The Department of Toxic Substances Control shipped 52 loads of hazardous waste from the Exide residential cleanup to the Yuma landfill from Jan. 25 to Feb. 10, according to figures the department provided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Arizona, one lawmaker told CalMatters that she wasn’t aware California was dumping so much hazardous waste in her state’s landfills and called it “very concerning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Arizona is not a dumping ground and hauling California’s hazardous waste so close to Arizona’s agricultural hub and the Colorado River is asking for trouble no matter how many precautions they take,” said Arizona state Rep. Mariana Sandoval, a Democrat whose district includes areas around the South Yuma County Landfill. “I would hope that our new governor will take a close look at this … and encourage California to find landfills in their own state for their own waste.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>New plan coming for California toxic waste\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As to whether Californians can expect any major policy change, officials largely pointed to a 2021 law requiring the state to craft a new \u003ca href=\"https://dtsc.ca.gov/hazardous-waste-management-plan/\">hazardous waste management plan\u003c/a>. As part of the process, the Department of Toxic Substances Control is scheduled to release a report in March looking at how much hazardous waste the state is generating and how it’s being handled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The (Hazardous Waste Management) Plan will propose strategies for reducing hazardous waste generation, managing more waste in state, and addressing issues of concern, such as hazardous waste impacts to disadvantaged communities,” according to a statement from the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A proposed plan isn’t due until spring 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked how the state can justify continuing to dump hazardous waste in out-of-state landfills next to Native American reservations, California’s secretary for environmental protection, Yana Garcia, declined an interview request but provided a written statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hazardous waste challenges we face across the country are decades in the making. While we know these issues won’t be resolved overnight, California is fully committed to addressing this urgently, and we are prioritizing investing in the search for solutions to do so,” according to her statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the bill that led to the hazardous waste planning process as well as more stable funding for the department “improved our ability to address this and other toxic waste challenges. Enhancing DTSC’s regulatory oversight and requiring the research and public engagement necessary to come to consensus on solutions moves us in the right direction, but our path to achieve on-the-ground improvements will require true partnership with a multitude of stakeholders and a fundamental shift in how we produce, treat, and handle hazardous waste, across the board.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hazardous waste landfills in San Joaquin Valley\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Regulators, environmental advocates and lawmakers said the issue is complicated and any solution is likely to be controversial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is limited in its ability to regulate interstate commerce. State regulators said there’s not much they can do to stop private entities from taking waste across the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And California has only two hazardous waste landfills, both of them in the San Joaquin Valley: the \u003ca href=\"https://dtsc.ca.gov/kettleman-hills-facility/\">Kettleman Hills Facility\u003c/a> in Kings County and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/hwmp_profile_report?global_id=CAD980675276\">Buttonwillow landfill facility\u003c/a> in Kern County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On paper, the sites appear to have enough space to take contaminated soil. Last year, Jennifer Andrews, a spokesperson for WM (formerly known as Waste Management Inc.), which operates the \u003ca href=\"https://dtsc.ca.gov/kettleman-hills-facility/\">Kettleman Hills Facility\u003c/a>, told CalMatters the site “has enough capacity to meet the State of California’s hazardous waste disposal needs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We also have plenty of space to meet the needs of (Department of Toxic Substances Control) waste for years to come, providing the agency permits new disposal units at our site.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the two landfills have been controversial. Both were the subject of numerous regulatory violations over the years and advocates have long protested about the sites, which are near communities of color. In 2014 the Department of Toxic Substances Control approved \u003ca href=\"https://dtsc.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2017/03/KettlemanCommunityflyerEnglish512.pdf\">an expansion at Kettleman Hills (PDF)\u003c/a>, prompting environmental justice and community groups to file a civil rights complaint, records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Bradley Angel, executive director, Greenaction for Health and Environmental Justice']‘They need some other alternatives, and the reality is I don’t see them building another hazardous waste landfill.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bradley Angel is executive director of Greenaction for Health and Environmental Justice, one of the groups that filed the complaint, which ultimately led to a \u003ca href=\"https://dtsc.ca.gov/2016/08/10/landmark-agreement-reached-to-benefit-environmental-justice-communities-and-resolve-a-civil-rights-complaint-on-hazardous-waste-permitting-decision/\">settlement agreement\u003c/a> including provisions for more health assessment and environmental monitoring, state records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They need some other alternatives, and the reality is I don’t see them building another hazardous waste landfill,” Angel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said there’s “not the political appetite.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, the Department of Toxic Substances Control appeared to acknowledge as much in a \u003ca href=\"https://dtsc.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2021/05/FINAL-CPHWRI-REPORT_ADA_FINAL.pdf?emrc=0e9fe7\">2017 report that looked at ways to reduce hazardous waste\u003c/a>, including treating more contaminated soil on-site as opposed to excavating it. The report cited a “difficulty in gaining consensus in the siting of new facilities” as leading to a focus on strategies to reduce the amount of hazardous waste generated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, if you can’t build more sites to take hazardous waste because nobody wants it in their backyard, then you better figure out a way to make less of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Cleaning up hazardous soil\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California’s efforts to address a long history of environmental harm at old industrial and military installations produces hundreds of thousands of tons of toxic soil each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Toxic Substances Control “is trying to remediate contamination that was created over decades by unscrupulous private sector actors. Now, does that mean they ought to be dumping in Arizona?” Allen, the Democrat from Redondo Beach, asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The senator said his committee will hold an oversight hearing on the Department of Toxic Substances Control sometime this year. Other topics will likely include recent reporting from \u003cem>The Los Angeles Times\u003c/em> suggesting the state isn’t ensuring properties around the Exide facility are properly \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-02-10/exide-lead-cleanup-leaves-fear-and-frustration-in-its-wake\">cleaned of lead-contaminated soil\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s not an easy answer here. But that doesn’t mean that we accept the status quo,” Allen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1981792\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1981792 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/112922-La-Paz-County-AZ-MG-CM-06-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A landscape of beige, sandy soil and green scrub across it, with a rise the same color as the sand in the distance.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/112922-La-Paz-County-AZ-MG-CM-06-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/112922-La-Paz-County-AZ-MG-CM-06-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/112922-La-Paz-County-AZ-MG-CM-06-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/112922-La-Paz-County-AZ-MG-CM-06-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/112922-La-Paz-County-AZ-MG-CM-06.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The La Paz County Regional Landfill near the Colorado River Indian Tribes reservation in Arizona on Nov. 29, 2022. \u003ccite>(Miguel Gutierrez Jr./CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Other states could, of course, also take action. Oregon in the late 1980s adopted a rule that effectively bars California from dumping hazardous waste in that state’s regular landfills. Nevada has a similar rule. (California disposed of a large amount of contaminated soil at a Nevada facility in recent years, shipping records show. But that site is designed and permitted to handle hazardous waste.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sandoval, the lawmaker whose district includes an area around the South Yuma landfill, said Arizona legislation to restrict California’s dumping is possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nobody wants that in their backyard,” Sandoval said. “Obviously California doesn’t want it in their backyard. That’s why they’re bringing it over to us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Utah legislators CalMatters reached out to didn’t respond to requests for comment. Regulators in that state recently signified their intent to deny a permit for a landfill on the banks of the Great Salt Lake that CalMatters reported was planning to take California’s contaminated soil. CalMatters reported in January that the company behind the project filed an economic analysis with its state regulators calling the toxic soil a “unique market opportunity created by California law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://documents.deq.utah.gov/waste-management-and-radiation-control/facilities/promontory-point-landfill/DSHW-2023-001251.pdf\">proposed permit denial\u003c/a> indicates there is already enough landfill capacity to handle Utah’s waste needs.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California sends toxic soil to landfills in Utah and Arizona, including sites near Native American reservations. Will lawmakers step in to keep the waste in state?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846078,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":43,"wordCount":1796},"headData":{"title":"California Keeps Sending Toxic Soil to Out-of-State Landfills — Newsom and Legislators Are Slow to Change Course | KQED","description":"California sends toxic soil to landfills in Utah and Arizona, including sites near Native American reservations. Will lawmakers step in to keep the waste in state?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California Keeps Sending Toxic Soil to Out-of-State Landfills — Newsom and Legislators Are Slow to Change Course","datePublished":"2023-03-02T14:00:55.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:21:18.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Calmatters","sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/robert-lewis/\">Robert Lewis\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1981790/california-legislature-reviews-toxic-waste-disposal","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>State lawmakers are planning an oversight hearing that will look into how California handles toxic soil from old industrial, military and other cleanup sites — waste contaminated with things such as lead, petroleum hydrocarbons and the infamous insecticide DDT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/01/california-toxic-waste-dumped-arizona-utah/\">CalMatters investigation\u003c/a> last month revealed businesses and government agencies routinely dispose of contaminated soil at landfills in Arizona and Utah — states with weaker environmental regulation and oversight — as opposed to in California, where the waste would need to go to specialized hazardous waste disposal facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of the most heavily used landfills are near Native American reservations in Arizona, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23571798-20211001-consent_order_syclf_final-signed\">one landfill with a spotty environmental record\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California state and local government agencies largely oversee or directly manage the cleanup projects disposing the waste out of state. California’s own hazardous waste watchdog — the Department of Toxic Substances Control — is one of the biggest out-of-state dumpers and has continued to take its toxic waste to Arizona despite the public revelations, according to information the department recently provided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom has positioned himself as a national leader on environmental issues. His office failed to respond to requests for comment both before and after CalMatters’ initial report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The as-yet unscheduled hearing had been planned to explore various hazardous waste issues, but the chair of the state Senate’s Environmental Quality Committee said it will now also probe the out-of-state dumping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a real concern,” said Sen. Ben Allen, a Democrat from Redondo Beach. “I think at a gut level, everybody feels as though every state should be handling its own toxic waste and not sending it across borders to other states and countries with less stringent environmental standards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CalMatters’ reporting revealed that California businesses and government agencies have disposed of more than 660,000 tons of toxic soil in Arizona landfills since 2018 and nearly a million tons at a Utah landfill, according to data from the state’s hazardous waste tracking system. That includes more than 105,000 tons from the state’s cleanup of lead-contaminated soil in the neighborhoods around the old Exide battery recycling facility in Los Angeles County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The out-of-state landfills are a cheaper option than California’s two hazardous waste disposal facilities, which are in Kings and Kern counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Toxic Substances Control took most of the Exide residential cleanup waste to the South Yuma County Landfill, which Arizona environmental regulators in 2021 labeled as posing an “\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23571796-20210430-south-yuma-county-landfill-inspection-report#document/p25/a2194981\">imminent and substantial threat\u003c/a>” after an inspection noted windblown litter, large amounts of “disease vectors” (flies and birds), and groundwater with elevated levels of chromium — a metal that can harm people and the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The landfill made fixes to resolve those and other violations, according to Arizona regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exide waste has continued to go to that state. The Department of Toxic Substances Control shipped 52 loads of hazardous waste from the Exide residential cleanup to the Yuma landfill from Jan. 25 to Feb. 10, according to figures the department provided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Arizona, one lawmaker told CalMatters that she wasn’t aware California was dumping so much hazardous waste in her state’s landfills and called it “very concerning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Arizona is not a dumping ground and hauling California’s hazardous waste so close to Arizona’s agricultural hub and the Colorado River is asking for trouble no matter how many precautions they take,” said Arizona state Rep. Mariana Sandoval, a Democrat whose district includes areas around the South Yuma County Landfill. “I would hope that our new governor will take a close look at this … and encourage California to find landfills in their own state for their own waste.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>New plan coming for California toxic waste\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As to whether Californians can expect any major policy change, officials largely pointed to a 2021 law requiring the state to craft a new \u003ca href=\"https://dtsc.ca.gov/hazardous-waste-management-plan/\">hazardous waste management plan\u003c/a>. As part of the process, the Department of Toxic Substances Control is scheduled to release a report in March looking at how much hazardous waste the state is generating and how it’s being handled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The (Hazardous Waste Management) Plan will propose strategies for reducing hazardous waste generation, managing more waste in state, and addressing issues of concern, such as hazardous waste impacts to disadvantaged communities,” according to a statement from the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A proposed plan isn’t due until spring 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked how the state can justify continuing to dump hazardous waste in out-of-state landfills next to Native American reservations, California’s secretary for environmental protection, Yana Garcia, declined an interview request but provided a written statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hazardous waste challenges we face across the country are decades in the making. While we know these issues won’t be resolved overnight, California is fully committed to addressing this urgently, and we are prioritizing investing in the search for solutions to do so,” according to her statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the bill that led to the hazardous waste planning process as well as more stable funding for the department “improved our ability to address this and other toxic waste challenges. Enhancing DTSC’s regulatory oversight and requiring the research and public engagement necessary to come to consensus on solutions moves us in the right direction, but our path to achieve on-the-ground improvements will require true partnership with a multitude of stakeholders and a fundamental shift in how we produce, treat, and handle hazardous waste, across the board.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hazardous waste landfills in San Joaquin Valley\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Regulators, environmental advocates and lawmakers said the issue is complicated and any solution is likely to be controversial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is limited in its ability to regulate interstate commerce. State regulators said there’s not much they can do to stop private entities from taking waste across the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And California has only two hazardous waste landfills, both of them in the San Joaquin Valley: the \u003ca href=\"https://dtsc.ca.gov/kettleman-hills-facility/\">Kettleman Hills Facility\u003c/a> in Kings County and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/hwmp_profile_report?global_id=CAD980675276\">Buttonwillow landfill facility\u003c/a> in Kern County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On paper, the sites appear to have enough space to take contaminated soil. Last year, Jennifer Andrews, a spokesperson for WM (formerly known as Waste Management Inc.), which operates the \u003ca href=\"https://dtsc.ca.gov/kettleman-hills-facility/\">Kettleman Hills Facility\u003c/a>, told CalMatters the site “has enough capacity to meet the State of California’s hazardous waste disposal needs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We also have plenty of space to meet the needs of (Department of Toxic Substances Control) waste for years to come, providing the agency permits new disposal units at our site.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the two landfills have been controversial. Both were the subject of numerous regulatory violations over the years and advocates have long protested about the sites, which are near communities of color. In 2014 the Department of Toxic Substances Control approved \u003ca href=\"https://dtsc.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2017/03/KettlemanCommunityflyerEnglish512.pdf\">an expansion at Kettleman Hills (PDF)\u003c/a>, prompting environmental justice and community groups to file a civil rights complaint, records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘They need some other alternatives, and the reality is I don’t see them building another hazardous waste landfill.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Bradley Angel, executive director, Greenaction for Health and Environmental Justice","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bradley Angel is executive director of Greenaction for Health and Environmental Justice, one of the groups that filed the complaint, which ultimately led to a \u003ca href=\"https://dtsc.ca.gov/2016/08/10/landmark-agreement-reached-to-benefit-environmental-justice-communities-and-resolve-a-civil-rights-complaint-on-hazardous-waste-permitting-decision/\">settlement agreement\u003c/a> including provisions for more health assessment and environmental monitoring, state records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They need some other alternatives, and the reality is I don’t see them building another hazardous waste landfill,” Angel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said there’s “not the political appetite.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, the Department of Toxic Substances Control appeared to acknowledge as much in a \u003ca href=\"https://dtsc.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2021/05/FINAL-CPHWRI-REPORT_ADA_FINAL.pdf?emrc=0e9fe7\">2017 report that looked at ways to reduce hazardous waste\u003c/a>, including treating more contaminated soil on-site as opposed to excavating it. The report cited a “difficulty in gaining consensus in the siting of new facilities” as leading to a focus on strategies to reduce the amount of hazardous waste generated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, if you can’t build more sites to take hazardous waste because nobody wants it in their backyard, then you better figure out a way to make less of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Cleaning up hazardous soil\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California’s efforts to address a long history of environmental harm at old industrial and military installations produces hundreds of thousands of tons of toxic soil each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Toxic Substances Control “is trying to remediate contamination that was created over decades by unscrupulous private sector actors. Now, does that mean they ought to be dumping in Arizona?” Allen, the Democrat from Redondo Beach, asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The senator said his committee will hold an oversight hearing on the Department of Toxic Substances Control sometime this year. Other topics will likely include recent reporting from \u003cem>The Los Angeles Times\u003c/em> suggesting the state isn’t ensuring properties around the Exide facility are properly \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-02-10/exide-lead-cleanup-leaves-fear-and-frustration-in-its-wake\">cleaned of lead-contaminated soil\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s not an easy answer here. But that doesn’t mean that we accept the status quo,” Allen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1981792\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1981792 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/112922-La-Paz-County-AZ-MG-CM-06-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A landscape of beige, sandy soil and green scrub across it, with a rise the same color as the sand in the distance.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/112922-La-Paz-County-AZ-MG-CM-06-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/112922-La-Paz-County-AZ-MG-CM-06-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/112922-La-Paz-County-AZ-MG-CM-06-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/112922-La-Paz-County-AZ-MG-CM-06-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/112922-La-Paz-County-AZ-MG-CM-06.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The La Paz County Regional Landfill near the Colorado River Indian Tribes reservation in Arizona on Nov. 29, 2022. \u003ccite>(Miguel Gutierrez Jr./CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Other states could, of course, also take action. Oregon in the late 1980s adopted a rule that effectively bars California from dumping hazardous waste in that state’s regular landfills. Nevada has a similar rule. (California disposed of a large amount of contaminated soil at a Nevada facility in recent years, shipping records show. But that site is designed and permitted to handle hazardous waste.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sandoval, the lawmaker whose district includes an area around the South Yuma landfill, said Arizona legislation to restrict California’s dumping is possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nobody wants that in their backyard,” Sandoval said. “Obviously California doesn’t want it in their backyard. That’s why they’re bringing it over to us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Utah legislators CalMatters reached out to didn’t respond to requests for comment. Regulators in that state recently signified their intent to deny a permit for a landfill on the banks of the Great Salt Lake that CalMatters reported was planning to take California’s contaminated soil. CalMatters reported in January that the company behind the project filed an economic analysis with its state regulators calling the toxic soil a “unique market opportunity created by California law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://documents.deq.utah.gov/waste-management-and-radiation-control/facilities/promontory-point-landfill/DSHW-2023-001251.pdf\">proposed permit denial\u003c/a> indicates there is already enough landfill capacity to handle Utah’s waste needs.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1981790/california-legislature-reviews-toxic-waste-disposal","authors":["byline_science_1981790"],"categories":["science_35","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_182","science_194","science_192","science_490","science_309","science_381"],"featImg":"science_1981793","label":"source_science_1981790"},"science_1980324":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1980324","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1980324","score":null,"sort":[1663368092000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"sf-supervisors-unhappy-with-citys-lack-of-action-to-protect-bayview-hunters-point-residents-from-toxic-sea-level-rise","title":"SF Supervisors Unhappy With City's Lack of Action to Protect Bayview-Hunters Point Residents From Toxic Sea Level Rise","publishDate":1663368092,"format":"standard","headTitle":"SF Supervisors Unhappy With City’s Lack of Action to Protect Bayview-Hunters Point Residents From Toxic Sea Level Rise | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>A committee of San Francisco supervisors Thursday challenged Mayor London Breed’s assertion that the city understands the risk of climate change-related flooding in the Bayview-Hunters Point neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of the Government Audit and Oversight Committee reviewed a June report from the San Francisco Civil Grand Jury that \u003ca href=\"https://civilgrandjury.sfgov.org/2021_2022/2022%20CGJ%20Report_Buried%20Problems%20and%20a%20Buried%20Process%20-%20The%20Hunters%20Point%20Naval%20Shipyard%20in%20a%20Time%20of%20Climate%20Change.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">confirmed what Bayview-Hunters Point residents have been saying\u003c/span>\u003c/a>: The city is not acting fast enough on how sea level rise could surface legacy toxic contamination and spread it in neighborhoods near the Cold War-era naval shipyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' citation='Supervisor Dean Preston']‘Seven recommendations from the Civil Grand Jury. Seven responses from the mayor’s office that the city will not implement them. I don’t think that’s a good place to be.’[/pullquote]The former Navy shipyard, located on the city’s southeast shoreline, is an 866-acre federal Superfund site, meaning it’s a location the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has designated as highly contaminated with hazardous waste. Along this bayshore edge of Bayview-Hunters Point, where radioactive contamination remains buried in the soil, lies one of the most polluted areas of the entire San Francisco Bay shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Committee members Dean Preston and Connie Chan and Board of Supervisors President Shamann Walton all but chastised Mayor Breed, who did not attend the meeting, for not supporting the jury’s findings. In August, the mayor issued a letter saying \u003ca href=\"https://civilgrandjury.sfgov.org/2021_2022/Hunters%20Point%20Response_MYR_081122.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">she disagrees partially or wholly with the findings\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seven recommendations from the Civil Grand Jury. Seven responses from the mayor’s office that the city will not implement them,” Preston said. “I don’t think that’s a good place to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='science_1979614,science_1980255']He said that doesn’t mean the city has to agree to all of the jury’s recommendations, but said the issue is serious, and that the mayor’s response is “unusual” and “hopefully that can be revisited.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Civil Grand Jury found the city, the U.S. Navy and the regulators overseeing the Hunters Point Superfund site have not adequately accounted \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979645/see-a-map-of-hazardous-sites-at-risk-from-rising-seas\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">for how rising groundwater could mix with toxics and expose residents to it\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jurors recommended the city pay for an independent study about how groundwater rise could affect toxic contamination in the soil at the Superfund site, using multiple sea level rise scenarios. Their report also recommended convening a permanent Hunters Point Shipyard Cleanup Oversight Committee to examine and question decisions about the cleanup, and communicate requests from residents and the city to the Navy and oversight agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sara Miles, a member of the civil grand jury, told the supervisors there are many minds across city departments thinking about groundwater rise as a result of climate change; it’s just that “Hunters Point is artificially excluded from their oversight or their participation in the process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='science_1979658']She said the city needs additional staff across all departments if it intends to focus on how groundwater rise could affect Bayview-Hunters Point or other neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re concerned that they may miss other similar problems because there aren’t enough of them, and they don’t have a range of expertise,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The committee invited all the regulatory agencies overseeing the Superfund site — the Navy, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the California Department of Toxic Substances Control and the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board — to the meeting, but none of their representatives attended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The U.S. Navy declined to show up today,” Walton said. “They sent a letter rather than show up for the people of this city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susan Philip, health officer for the San Francisco Department of Public Health, did show up. And the supervisors grilled her with questions. Does she feel the department has the opportunity to increase staffing to monitor groundwater rise? How involved is her department in the Navy’s process? What actions had her department taken to analyze concerns around sea level rise prior to the jury’s report?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philip told the supervisors the agency has a dedicated staff person, but with the scale of the issue, Walton told her more are needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I personally believe that the least the department can do is probably put some resources together to have more eyes on the monitoring of additional science,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979637\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1979637\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Apartment buildings in the Bayview sit behind the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard in San Francisco on March 8, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When asked how much control Philip’s department has over the cleanup, she responded by saying the agency does not have regulatory power over the shipyard but will offer recommendations and comments when allowed, like during the five-year review of the Navy cleanup in the spring of 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Responding to the Civil Grand Jury’s message that public information about the toxic sites is difficult to find and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979658/poorly-prepared-sf-civil-grand-jury-slams-city-for-not-protecting-residents-from-toxic-contamination\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">unintelligible\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, Phillip said that, with the upcoming five-year review by the Navy, her goal is “make it as understandable as possible” for the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walton said he is pushing for a 100% clean-up of the site and will ensure that takes place before the land can be redeveloped into housing or businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community members pleaded with the supervisors to take action. Arieann Harrison with the Marie Harrison Community Foundation said independent testing has found that residents, including herself, already have high levels of contaminants such as uranium in their bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I tested positive for that stuff, I’m pretty sure that a lot of other residents will test positive as well,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Marcy Adelman, a psychologist and a resident of District 10, asked the board to develop recommendations that will support community health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re on a precipice here, and if we don’t act, it will be too late,” she said. “The city has to get in the game.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to the committee, the Navy says it disagrees with the jury report and has accounted for both sea level rise and groundwater rise. Officials wrote the Navy is “methodical in its cleanup approach, which is based on the best available data, science and engineering.” Officials also wrote the next five-year review will “include an evaluation of the potential effects of sea level rise and associated groundwater elevation changes on the remedies currently in place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Connie Chan asked the deputy city attorney to explore whether the supervisors can subpoena the parties if the Navy and other regulatory agencies decide not to attend future meetings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we appreciate the written responses, it is unfortunate that the regulatory bodies, as well as the Navy, cannot be here to present the data in person,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The supervisors will release recommendations for the city at a Sept. 29 meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Superfund site has been partially cleaned up. With the oversight of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Navy is continuing the cleanup, preparing it for eventual development into a sweeping new neighborhood with mixed-use construction of businesses, research institutions and thousands of homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Supervisors challenged Mayor London Breed's assertion that the city understands the risk of climate change-related flooding in the Bayview-Hunters Point neighborhood.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846191,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1229},"headData":{"title":"SF Supervisors Unhappy With City's Lack of Action to Protect Bayview-Hunters Point Residents From Toxic Sea Level Rise | KQED","description":"Supervisors challenged Mayor London Breed's assertion that the city understands the risk of climate change-related flooding in the Bayview-Hunters Point neighborhood.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"SF Supervisors Unhappy With City's Lack of Action to Protect Bayview-Hunters Point Residents From Toxic Sea Level Rise","datePublished":"2022-09-16T22:41:32.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:23:11.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/science/1980324/sf-supervisors-unhappy-with-citys-lack-of-action-to-protect-bayview-hunters-point-residents-from-toxic-sea-level-rise","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A committee of San Francisco supervisors Thursday challenged Mayor London Breed’s assertion that the city understands the risk of climate change-related flooding in the Bayview-Hunters Point neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of the Government Audit and Oversight Committee reviewed a June report from the San Francisco Civil Grand Jury that \u003ca href=\"https://civilgrandjury.sfgov.org/2021_2022/2022%20CGJ%20Report_Buried%20Problems%20and%20a%20Buried%20Process%20-%20The%20Hunters%20Point%20Naval%20Shipyard%20in%20a%20Time%20of%20Climate%20Change.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">confirmed what Bayview-Hunters Point residents have been saying\u003c/span>\u003c/a>: The city is not acting fast enough on how sea level rise could surface legacy toxic contamination and spread it in neighborhoods near the Cold War-era naval shipyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Seven recommendations from the Civil Grand Jury. Seven responses from the mayor’s office that the city will not implement them. I don’t think that’s a good place to be.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"small","citation":"Supervisor Dean Preston","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The former Navy shipyard, located on the city’s southeast shoreline, is an 866-acre federal Superfund site, meaning it’s a location the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has designated as highly contaminated with hazardous waste. Along this bayshore edge of Bayview-Hunters Point, where radioactive contamination remains buried in the soil, lies one of the most polluted areas of the entire San Francisco Bay shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Committee members Dean Preston and Connie Chan and Board of Supervisors President Shamann Walton all but chastised Mayor Breed, who did not attend the meeting, for not supporting the jury’s findings. In August, the mayor issued a letter saying \u003ca href=\"https://civilgrandjury.sfgov.org/2021_2022/Hunters%20Point%20Response_MYR_081122.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">she disagrees partially or wholly with the findings\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seven recommendations from the Civil Grand Jury. Seven responses from the mayor’s office that the city will not implement them,” Preston said. “I don’t think that’s a good place to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1979614,science_1980255","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He said that doesn’t mean the city has to agree to all of the jury’s recommendations, but said the issue is serious, and that the mayor’s response is “unusual” and “hopefully that can be revisited.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Civil Grand Jury found the city, the U.S. Navy and the regulators overseeing the Hunters Point Superfund site have not adequately accounted \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979645/see-a-map-of-hazardous-sites-at-risk-from-rising-seas\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">for how rising groundwater could mix with toxics and expose residents to it\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jurors recommended the city pay for an independent study about how groundwater rise could affect toxic contamination in the soil at the Superfund site, using multiple sea level rise scenarios. Their report also recommended convening a permanent Hunters Point Shipyard Cleanup Oversight Committee to examine and question decisions about the cleanup, and communicate requests from residents and the city to the Navy and oversight agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sara Miles, a member of the civil grand jury, told the supervisors there are many minds across city departments thinking about groundwater rise as a result of climate change; it’s just that “Hunters Point is artificially excluded from their oversight or their participation in the process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1979658","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>She said the city needs additional staff across all departments if it intends to focus on how groundwater rise could affect Bayview-Hunters Point or other neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re concerned that they may miss other similar problems because there aren’t enough of them, and they don’t have a range of expertise,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The committee invited all the regulatory agencies overseeing the Superfund site — the Navy, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the California Department of Toxic Substances Control and the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board — to the meeting, but none of their representatives attended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The U.S. Navy declined to show up today,” Walton said. “They sent a letter rather than show up for the people of this city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susan Philip, health officer for the San Francisco Department of Public Health, did show up. And the supervisors grilled her with questions. Does she feel the department has the opportunity to increase staffing to monitor groundwater rise? How involved is her department in the Navy’s process? What actions had her department taken to analyze concerns around sea level rise prior to the jury’s report?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philip told the supervisors the agency has a dedicated staff person, but with the scale of the issue, Walton told her more are needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I personally believe that the least the department can do is probably put some resources together to have more eyes on the monitoring of additional science,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979637\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1979637\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Apartment buildings in the Bayview sit behind the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard in San Francisco on March 8, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When asked how much control Philip’s department has over the cleanup, she responded by saying the agency does not have regulatory power over the shipyard but will offer recommendations and comments when allowed, like during the five-year review of the Navy cleanup in the spring of 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Responding to the Civil Grand Jury’s message that public information about the toxic sites is difficult to find and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979658/poorly-prepared-sf-civil-grand-jury-slams-city-for-not-protecting-residents-from-toxic-contamination\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">unintelligible\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, Phillip said that, with the upcoming five-year review by the Navy, her goal is “make it as understandable as possible” for the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walton said he is pushing for a 100% clean-up of the site and will ensure that takes place before the land can be redeveloped into housing or businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community members pleaded with the supervisors to take action. Arieann Harrison with the Marie Harrison Community Foundation said independent testing has found that residents, including herself, already have high levels of contaminants such as uranium in their bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I tested positive for that stuff, I’m pretty sure that a lot of other residents will test positive as well,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Marcy Adelman, a psychologist and a resident of District 10, asked the board to develop recommendations that will support community health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re on a precipice here, and if we don’t act, it will be too late,” she said. “The city has to get in the game.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to the committee, the Navy says it disagrees with the jury report and has accounted for both sea level rise and groundwater rise. Officials wrote the Navy is “methodical in its cleanup approach, which is based on the best available data, science and engineering.” Officials also wrote the next five-year review will “include an evaluation of the potential effects of sea level rise and associated groundwater elevation changes on the remedies currently in place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Connie Chan asked the deputy city attorney to explore whether the supervisors can subpoena the parties if the Navy and other regulatory agencies decide not to attend future meetings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we appreciate the written responses, it is unfortunate that the regulatory bodies, as well as the Navy, cannot be here to present the data in person,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The supervisors will release recommendations for the city at a Sept. 29 meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Superfund site has been partially cleaned up. With the oversight of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Navy is continuing the cleanup, preparing it for eventual development into a sweeping new neighborhood with mixed-use construction of businesses, research institutions and thousands of homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1980324/sf-supervisors-unhappy-with-citys-lack-of-action-to-protect-bayview-hunters-point-residents-from-toxic-sea-level-rise","authors":["11746"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_39","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_194","science_4417","science_4414","science_490","science_206","science_381"],"featImg":"science_1979781","label":"science"},"science_1949617":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1949617","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1949617","score":null,"sort":[1575301737000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"what-you-need-to-know-about-the-food-dye-in-holiday-treats","title":"What You Need to Know About the Food Dye in Holiday Treats","publishDate":1575301737,"format":"audio","headTitle":"What You Need to Know About the Food Dye in Holiday Treats | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Unlike most kids, Alex Bevans scrutinizes the ingredient list before he eats anything. In the candy aisle of a grocery store in Carson City, Nevada, the 14-year-old scowls as he reads the label on a bag of lollipops,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Get this,” Alex said. “It has Red 40, Red 3, Yellow 5, Blue 1, Blue 2, Yellow 5, and Yellow 6.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">His mom, Rebecca, reached for the bag then gave her assessment: “Yeah, that’s completely toxic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Each pigment affects Alex differently, Rebecca said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“So red … he can’t pay attention and he’s impulsive. Green makes him manic. Blue makes him grumpy and tired. Yellow is the worst. He’s explosive and it leads to suicidal ideation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Alex is not alone in these types of reactions, says Lisa Lefferts, a senior scientist for the Center for Science in the Public Interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“We’ve been contacted by over 2,000 families reporting their experiences with food dyes,” she said. “The parents say that when their child is off of dyes they’re just lovely children. On dyes they’re like a completely different person.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949742\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1949742\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fooddyes_004-800x577.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"577\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fooddyes_004-800x577.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fooddyes_004-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fooddyes_004-768x554.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fooddyes_004-1020x736.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fooddyes_004-1200x866.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fooddyes_004.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Surprising foods containing chemical food coloring like microwave popcorn, cough medicine, peanut butter and beef jerky. \u003ccite>(Lindsey Moore/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>European Protections\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Lefferts is lobbying the Food and Drug Administration to follow Europe’s example on dyes: The E.U. requires manufacturers to add a warning label to foods with artificial coloring that says they “may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Most European companies avoid the label by switching to natural dyes like beet juice and Spirulina extract. A few American companies have followed suit. Kraft Macaroni and Cheese now uses turmeric and paprika to turn its noodles bright yellow. But substitutions like these aren’t widespread in the U.S, because natural dyes are more expensive and less stable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The FDA has approved nine colors for use in processed food and other products like sunscreen, cough syrup and pills. The synthetic additives are made from petroleum and are contained in at least 90% of candies, fruit-flavored snacks, and drink mixes\u003cspan class=\"s2\"> marketed to kids\u003c/span>. It’s also in \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0009922816651621\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">40% of all food products \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">designed for children. \u003c/span>The agency has determined there’s not enough evidence to support adding a warning label to these products, and in 2011, after reviewing 35 years of research, it declined to impose any new regulations on manufacturers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/color-additives-questions-and-answers-consumers\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">FDA website\u003c/span>\u003c/a> currently says, “The totality of scientific evidence indicates that most children have no adverse effects when consuming foods containing color additives, but some evidence suggests that certain children may be sensitive to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Shaky or Sound Science?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joel Nigg, psychologist and researcher\u003cspan style=\"color: red;\"> \u003c/span>at Oregon Health and Science University, followed up on the FDA probe with a comprehensive \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4321798/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">review\u003c/a>, published in 2015, of all the human clinical trials related to synthetic color additives. The article concluded that restricting the chemicals for some kids with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder does have a notable effect, but he agrees that the evidence is on the weak side because it relies on dated, often small studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>“One can question whether [the underlying studies] are convincing,” Nigg said. “But they do show a causal effect if taken at face value.”\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>A 2007 human clinical trial known as the Southampton \u003ca href=\"http://www.cspinet.org/new/pdf/mccann.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study \u003c/a>is often highlighted in the debate. British researchers gave kids beverages with synthetic food coloring in opaque containers. Afterwards, observers noted an increase in child hyperactivity. This replicated a prior similar study. But skeptics have noted that not all the dyes were FDA approved. Plus the behavioral changes were not as noticeable for teachers and independent people as for parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"color: red;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: black;\">Nigg and colleagues estimate that 5-10% of kids with ADHD may be sensitive to synthetic food coloring. That’s tens of thousands of children who could be exposed to a preventable influence on their ADHD. \u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Worst-Case Scenario\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">But for Rebecca, all the evidence she needed was right there in her son. She remembered the moment she began connecting Alex’s diet to strange behavior. He was in second grade and complained he couldn’t focus because his brain was buzzing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“It’s like if you played a decibel machine and you just kept turning the tone and the sound up,” Alex said. “It just got really ear-piercing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Then there were the meltdowns. Several times or more a day, small frustrations resulted in crying fits. “It was like I was trapped by myself and I couldn’t escape the feelings,” Alex said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Rebecca shuddered as she recounted an episode when Alex was seven. He was shredding his clothes and scratching himself on his bed. “He looked at me and said, ‘Please get me a knife. I want to kill myself. I don’t want to live like this anymore.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The family doctor had no clear answers for her, so Rebecca turned to the internet. She began cutting things out of Alex’s diet like dairy, gluten, eggs, sugar, corn syrup and preservatives. The family tried behavioral then cognitive behavioral therapy. Nothing worked. Finally, one night Rebecca stumbled across a teenager’s blog post about an extreme reaction to red food coloring. Rebecca wondered if that was why Alex struggled with erratic mood swings. She decided to cut dyes out of Alex’s diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">At first, Alex crashed like a detoxing addict. He could hardly get out of bed, and his body was sore to the touch. But within days, both the suicidal thoughts and the tantrums disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“It completely changed who I was,” he said. “I could finally focus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dramatic change inspired Rebecca to share her family’s story in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQzOHAwCfXs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">TEDX talk\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bevans hoped Alex would grow out of his sensitivity, but seven years later he continues to experience negative reactions every time he accidentally eats something with chemical food coloring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Back on the Table\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The American Academy of Pediatrics said in a 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/142/2/e20181408\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">policy statement\u003c/a> that “artificial food colors may be associated with exacerbation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> “The AAP has concerns about the limited safety testing available on chemicals intentionally and unintentionally added to foods, including food dyes,” said Dr. Leonardo Trasande, who co-wrote the statement. “There are safe and simple steps families can take to limit children’s exposure to these chemicals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Nigg says even though more robust research is needed, it’s clear that synthetic food coloring is not benign. The good news, he says, is that the behavioral shifts triggered by the chemicals appear to usually last less than a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I think we’ll be surprised in the future that we were so laissez-faire about adding so many synthetic chemicals and thinking they wouldn’t do anything to children’s brains,” said Nigg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The issue is back on the table at the federal and state levels, too. Scientists at the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment are conducting a risk assessment to determine if artificial colors impact neurobehavioral or neurological processes. The agency\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>expects a conclusive report next summer. And, the\u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/advisory-committees/advisory-committee-calendar/october-7-2019-science-board-fda-meeting-announcement-10072019-10072019\"> \u003cspan class=\"s1\">FDA recently\u003c/span>\u003c/a> asked its science board to assess whether new studies warrant another literature review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Both California and federal health officials are probing the link between chemical food dyes and kids' behavior.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848089,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":7,"wordCount":1276},"headData":{"title":"What You Need to Know About the Food Dye in Holiday Treats | KQED","description":"Both California and federal health officials are probing the link between chemical food dyes and kids' behavior.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"What You Need to Know About the Food Dye in Holiday Treats","datePublished":"2019-12-02T15:48:57.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:54:49.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Food","sticky":false,"audioTrackLength":311,"path":"/science/1949617/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-food-dye-in-holiday-treats","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2019/12/McClurgFoodDyes.mp3","audioDuration":311000,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Unlike most kids, Alex Bevans scrutinizes the ingredient list before he eats anything. In the candy aisle of a grocery store in Carson City, Nevada, the 14-year-old scowls as he reads the label on a bag of lollipops,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Get this,” Alex said. “It has Red 40, Red 3, Yellow 5, Blue 1, Blue 2, Yellow 5, and Yellow 6.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">His mom, Rebecca, reached for the bag then gave her assessment: “Yeah, that’s completely toxic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Each pigment affects Alex differently, Rebecca said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“So red … he can’t pay attention and he’s impulsive. Green makes him manic. Blue makes him grumpy and tired. Yellow is the worst. He’s explosive and it leads to suicidal ideation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Alex is not alone in these types of reactions, says Lisa Lefferts, a senior scientist for the Center for Science in the Public Interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“We’ve been contacted by over 2,000 families reporting their experiences with food dyes,” she said. “The parents say that when their child is off of dyes they’re just lovely children. On dyes they’re like a completely different person.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949742\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1949742\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fooddyes_004-800x577.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"577\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fooddyes_004-800x577.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fooddyes_004-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fooddyes_004-768x554.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fooddyes_004-1020x736.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fooddyes_004-1200x866.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fooddyes_004.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Surprising foods containing chemical food coloring like microwave popcorn, cough medicine, peanut butter and beef jerky. \u003ccite>(Lindsey Moore/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>European Protections\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Lefferts is lobbying the Food and Drug Administration to follow Europe’s example on dyes: The E.U. requires manufacturers to add a warning label to foods with artificial coloring that says they “may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Most European companies avoid the label by switching to natural dyes like beet juice and Spirulina extract. A few American companies have followed suit. Kraft Macaroni and Cheese now uses turmeric and paprika to turn its noodles bright yellow. But substitutions like these aren’t widespread in the U.S, because natural dyes are more expensive and less stable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The FDA has approved nine colors for use in processed food and other products like sunscreen, cough syrup and pills. The synthetic additives are made from petroleum and are contained in at least 90% of candies, fruit-flavored snacks, and drink mixes\u003cspan class=\"s2\"> marketed to kids\u003c/span>. It’s also in \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0009922816651621\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">40% of all food products \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">designed for children. \u003c/span>The agency has determined there’s not enough evidence to support adding a warning label to these products, and in 2011, after reviewing 35 years of research, it declined to impose any new regulations on manufacturers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/color-additives-questions-and-answers-consumers\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">FDA website\u003c/span>\u003c/a> currently says, “The totality of scientific evidence indicates that most children have no adverse effects when consuming foods containing color additives, but some evidence suggests that certain children may be sensitive to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Shaky or Sound Science?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joel Nigg, psychologist and researcher\u003cspan style=\"color: red;\"> \u003c/span>at Oregon Health and Science University, followed up on the FDA probe with a comprehensive \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4321798/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">review\u003c/a>, published in 2015, of all the human clinical trials related to synthetic color additives. The article concluded that restricting the chemicals for some kids with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder does have a notable effect, but he agrees that the evidence is on the weak side because it relies on dated, often small studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>“One can question whether [the underlying studies] are convincing,” Nigg said. “But they do show a causal effect if taken at face value.”\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>A 2007 human clinical trial known as the Southampton \u003ca href=\"http://www.cspinet.org/new/pdf/mccann.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study \u003c/a>is often highlighted in the debate. British researchers gave kids beverages with synthetic food coloring in opaque containers. Afterwards, observers noted an increase in child hyperactivity. This replicated a prior similar study. But skeptics have noted that not all the dyes were FDA approved. Plus the behavioral changes were not as noticeable for teachers and independent people as for parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"color: red;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: black;\">Nigg and colleagues estimate that 5-10% of kids with ADHD may be sensitive to synthetic food coloring. That’s tens of thousands of children who could be exposed to a preventable influence on their ADHD. \u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Worst-Case Scenario\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">But for Rebecca, all the evidence she needed was right there in her son. She remembered the moment she began connecting Alex’s diet to strange behavior. He was in second grade and complained he couldn’t focus because his brain was buzzing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“It’s like if you played a decibel machine and you just kept turning the tone and the sound up,” Alex said. “It just got really ear-piercing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Then there were the meltdowns. Several times or more a day, small frustrations resulted in crying fits. “It was like I was trapped by myself and I couldn’t escape the feelings,” Alex said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Rebecca shuddered as she recounted an episode when Alex was seven. He was shredding his clothes and scratching himself on his bed. “He looked at me and said, ‘Please get me a knife. I want to kill myself. I don’t want to live like this anymore.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The family doctor had no clear answers for her, so Rebecca turned to the internet. She began cutting things out of Alex’s diet like dairy, gluten, eggs, sugar, corn syrup and preservatives. The family tried behavioral then cognitive behavioral therapy. Nothing worked. Finally, one night Rebecca stumbled across a teenager’s blog post about an extreme reaction to red food coloring. Rebecca wondered if that was why Alex struggled with erratic mood swings. She decided to cut dyes out of Alex’s diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">At first, Alex crashed like a detoxing addict. He could hardly get out of bed, and his body was sore to the touch. But within days, both the suicidal thoughts and the tantrums disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“It completely changed who I was,” he said. “I could finally focus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dramatic change inspired Rebecca to share her family’s story in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQzOHAwCfXs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">TEDX talk\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bevans hoped Alex would grow out of his sensitivity, but seven years later he continues to experience negative reactions every time he accidentally eats something with chemical food coloring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Back on the Table\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The American Academy of Pediatrics said in a 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/142/2/e20181408\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">policy statement\u003c/a> that “artificial food colors may be associated with exacerbation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> “The AAP has concerns about the limited safety testing available on chemicals intentionally and unintentionally added to foods, including food dyes,” said Dr. Leonardo Trasande, who co-wrote the statement. “There are safe and simple steps families can take to limit children’s exposure to these chemicals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Nigg says even though more robust research is needed, it’s clear that synthetic food coloring is not benign. The good news, he says, is that the behavioral shifts triggered by the chemicals appear to usually last less than a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I think we’ll be surprised in the future that we were so laissez-faire about adding so many synthetic chemicals and thinking they wouldn’t do anything to children’s brains,” said Nigg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The issue is back on the table at the federal and state levels, too. Scientists at the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment are conducting a risk assessment to determine if artificial colors impact neurobehavioral or neurological processes. The agency\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>expects a conclusive report next summer. And, the\u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/advisory-committees/advisory-committee-calendar/october-7-2019-science-board-fda-meeting-announcement-10072019-10072019\"> \u003cspan class=\"s1\">FDA recently\u003c/span>\u003c/a> asked its science board to assess whether new studies warrant another literature review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1949617/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-food-dye-in-holiday-treats","authors":["11229"],"categories":["science_40","science_3423"],"tags":["science_1191","science_3370","science_381"],"featImg":"science_1949646","label":"source_science_1949617"},"science_1950842":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1950842","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1950842","score":null,"sort":[1573665534000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"researchers-probe-the-toxic-soup-from-wildfire","title":"Researchers Probe the Toxic Soup From Wildfire","publishDate":1573665534,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Researchers Probe the Toxic Soup From Wildfire | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Matt Rahn was about 200 feet away when flames started climbing up the side of the garage and creeping toward the car inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://news.csusm.edu/csusm-wildland-firefighting-research/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A wildfire researcher\u003c/a> with California State University San Marcos, Rahn was at the edge of \u003ca href=\"https://fire.ca.gov/incidents/2014/7/25/sand-fire/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a fire that would go on to burn 4,240 acres\u003c/a> across California’s Amador and El Dorado counties. He was there to study the smoke rising off blackening shrubs and trees. Watching the garage burn, though, he realized that firefighters fending off flames without any real lung protection were inhaling more than airborne remnants of burnt plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Think about the average home, all the chemicals and things that are in there, not to mention all the building materials and furniture,” said Rahn, who also is \u003ca href=\"https://temeculaca.gov/904/Council-Member-Matt-Rahn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a member of \u003c/a>Temecula’s city council. “That’s when we started really thinking about what happens. What’s in the smoke when you have all that complicated fuel being combusted at the same time?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was in 2014, when wildfires burned 568 buildings across the state. Fire season is not yet over this year and the toll already is higher: three people dead and 732 buildings burned. And the state is still recovering from back-to-back years of catastrophic fires that killed 137 people and damaged or destroyed nearly 35,000 buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"https://nca2018.globalchange.gov/chapter/6/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">climate change primes the West to burn\u003c/a> and more \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/content/115/13/3314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">people build closer to nature\u003c/a>, the question of what’s in the smoke when fires tear through wilderness and homes alike is still far from being answered. Yet the health of those breathing the smoke — like the firefighters battling the flames — depends on real data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, we’re trying to keep California from burning down,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.yourcsd.com/161/Message-from-the-Fire-Chief\">Michael McLaughlin\u003c/a>, chief of the Cosumnes Fire Department and legislative director of the \u003ca href=\"https://calchiefs.org/who-we-are/committees/legislative-committee/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Fire Chiefs Association\u003c/a>. “But how do we put emphasis on those that we’re putting between the fire and the communities we’re trying to save?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On People’s Radar\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a wildfire burns through grasslands, forests, and chaparral, the blaze \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.fed.us/t-d/pubs/pdfpubs/pdf13511803/pdf13511803dpi100.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">churns out fine airborne particles\u003c/a> that can irritate the lungs and have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1716846\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">linked to heart and lung problems\u003c/a>, as well as \u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/airnow/wildfire-smoke/wildfire-smoke-guide-revised-2019.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">premature death\u003c/a>. Deadly gases like carbon monoxide and irritating, potentially cancer-causing chemicals like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons mix into the smoke cloud as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a complex soup with ingredients that can change depending on the fuel and the ferocity of the fire. And as the chemicals stew in the atmosphere, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.fed.us/t-d/pubs/pdfpubs/pdf13511803/pdf13511803dpi100.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">they continue to react\u003c/a> — breaking apart and joining together to create new ingredients to inhale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burning buildings and cars typically make up only a small proportion of wildfire smoke, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.firelab.org/profile/urbanski-shawn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Shawn Urbanski\u003c/a>, a research physical scientist at the Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory — but their contributions are starting to capture scientists’ attention. “With these recent fires, it’s really sort of gotten on people’s radar,” Urbanski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For folks inhaling smoke far from its source, toxic emissions from burning cars and houses are likely to pose less of a health risk as they’re diluted away. “All the way down in the Bay Area, probably the smoke from the Paradise Fire was pretty much just wood smoke,” said \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/john.balmes\">John Balmes\u003c/a>, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, wood smoke isn’t benign; \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1716846\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">researchers\u003c/a> as well as \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/the-smokes-gone-but-hearts-and-lungs-still-may-be-in-danger-months-after-wildfires/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reporters at Reveal\u003c/a> found increases in emergency room visits \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6015400/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">for heart\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-016-0146-8#Sec4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">breathing problems\u003c/a> after exposure to wildfire smoke. But for people immediately downwind and for the firefighters battling the flames, the metals, carcinogens, and toxic air pollutants rising from burning homes and cars could present an additional hazard. “It definitely is an occupational risk for the firefighters when they’re trying to save buildings, and for community exposures,” Balmes said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We do know that municipal firefighters battling structure fires in towns and cities can run into heavy metals as well as all \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK326815/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">kinds of cancer-causing chemicals\u003c/a>, like formaldehyde, benzene, and asbestos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re also more \u003ca href=\"https://www.fsi.illinois.edu/documents/research/CardioChemRisksModernFF_InterimReport2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">prone to getting cancer\u003c/a> than the general population, according to a massive study of 30,000 firefighters in San Francisco, Chicago, and Philadelphia. The paper, published \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4499779/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in the journal \u003cem>Occupational and Environmental Medicine\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>,\u003c/em> reported an increase in certain cancers, including of the esophagus, lungs, mouth and throat, large intestine, and kidney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There haven’t been any similar long-term epidemiology studies of firefighters battling blazes in the wilderness, according to a deep dive into the scientific literature that was published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/journals/pnw_2016_adetona001.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Inhalation Toxicology\u003c/em>\u003c/a> in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shorter-term studies, however, have reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/08958378.2011.617790\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">small drops in lung function\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/erj/32/1/129.full.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">increased inflammation\u003c/a> among wildland firefighters exposed to smoke. Kathleen Navarro is a research industrial hygienist at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health who has worked as a wildland firefighter. She estimated in a recent study published in \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30981117\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Environmental Research\u003c/em>\u003c/a> that based on their smoke exposures, wildland firefighters may be at greater risk of dying from lung cancer and cardiovascular disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildland firefighters also tend to battle conflagrations without any lung protection beyond a bandana or a mask to filter out airborne particles — even when they’re working where wilderness and homes intersect, a junction known as the wildland urban interface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For structure fires in towns or cities, firefighters typically use a breathing apparatus equipped with a clean air tank that lasts about 20 to 30 minutes, according to Cosumnes Fire Chief McLaughlin. That’s not feasible for wildland firefighters who can end up working long shifts, in treacherous terrain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why figuring out what’s in the smoke, and what it means for health, is so important, said Jesse Estrada, the department safety officer for the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, also known as Cal Fire. “You get exposed to a lot of stuff over the years, and the body takes a beatdown,” he said. “We need to understand what the short term and long term effects are. The only way to know that is to let time pass as they do the research, and truly see what we are facing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Different Landscape\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the people driving this research is Aida Rodriguez, a master’s student working with Matt Rahn at CSU San Marcos. The day after the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2019/10/23/kincade-fire/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kincade fire\u003c/a> started in Sonoma County, Rodriguez hopped on a plane with a pink duffle bag full of pre-labeled glass vials, patches made out of the same Nomex material in firefighters’ uniforms, and fabric staplers. Airport security, Rodriguez said, “were concerned about everything in there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next morning, under a reddish haze of smoke on the horizon and the faint smell of camp fires in the air, Rodriguez got to work. Balancing the vials and Nomex patches on the front of a fire engine at the base camp in Santa Rosa, she tacked the material to the outside and the inside of the firefighters’ gear. She was done in about 20 minutes. “I was fast and furiously going through it,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-four hours later, it was Rahn who was in charge of ripping the patches from the returning firefighters’ uniforms, pushing them into the glass vials, and mailing them to an independent lab in Ohio for testing. His team’s goal is to find out which chemicals settle on the outside of the firefighters’ uniforms while they’re fighting the flames, and which ones soak through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Are they harmful chemicals? Are they cancer causing?” Rodriguez said. “If that’s something we can answer, then you can develop a decontamination protocol to mitigate the exposure to those chemicals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists across the country are asking these questions. \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2019-03/documents/holderamara_biosketche_aemd.pdf\">Amara Holder\u003c/a>, a scientist with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, is working with the U.S. Forest Service to review what we know — and what we don’t — about the air pollution from fires that burn homes and wilderness together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are high for firefighters and other emergency responders, and for the people living close to a conflagration. “You’ve got smoke from a house, or a car, as well as trees,” Holder said. “It’s just a different landscape.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key will be measuring what’s in the smoke, and determining how far these pollutants travel — as some might dissipate before they reach nearby towns, and some might not. Figuring that out could help guide evacuations and determine when and where wildland firefighters need to wear protective equipment. “Then we’ll know what we need to do to protect people,” Holder said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navarro, the scientist who has worked as a wildland firefighter, is taking an even closer\u003cem> \u003c/em>look at wildland firefighter health — by studying their bodily fluids. She and a team of researchers at the University of Miami and the University of Arizona are collecting blood and urine samples from firefighters battling fires at the interface between homes and nature. She’s looking for signs of metals, certain flame retardants, and a family of chemicals called \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110062114200237\">polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons\u003c/a> that’s known to include carcinogens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In those environments, firefighters’ chemical exposures become much more complex, according to Navarro’s colleague, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nfpa.org/-/media/Files/Membership/member-sections/Metro-Chiefs/Urban-Fire-Forum/2019/2019UFFCancerRegistry.ashx?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kenneth Fent\u003c/a>. “There are a lot more questions about their health risks even above and beyond other wildland firefighters where it may be more vegetation exposure,” Fent said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fent is helming a voluntary \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/health.html\">National Firefighter Registry\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2019/p0328-firefighter-registry.html\">track the long-term health\u003c/a> of any firefighter who signs up. The goal is to understand the long-term cancer risk of firefighters across the field, from those rushing into burning buildings to those fighting to keep a wildfire from engulfing a nearby town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For wildland firefighters in particular, he said, this is the kind of study that’s been missing. And identifying the risks is the first step for trying to prevent them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Expensive Consideration\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why don’t we know yet what long-term health problems might plague wildland firefighters? One reason is logistics: it’s tough for scientists to tag along with firefighters while they’re working in extreme conditions to save lives and homes. “To do my work, I became a firefighter,” Navarro said. Her training allows her to measure smoke exposures at active wildfires, and gives her insights into what the job as a wildland firefighter actually involves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another reason is that this research is expensive, according to CSU San Marcos’ Rahn. “The laboratory analysis costs us about $2,000 per firefighter,” he said. “This is an expensive consideration. That’s the hurdle we’re up against.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the money — which Rahn said includes a grant from the Federal Emergency Management Agency and another from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calfirelocal2881.org/\">Cal Fire Local 2881 union\u003c/a> — is running out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers have struggled to find someone willing to pay to investigate the risks to wildland firefighters, he said. “We have to convince these funding agencies, believe it or not, that the work we do here is not just a California issue — this is a national concern,” he said. “It’s a challenge every year to try to receive that funding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why two years ago Cal Fire Local 2881 pushed the state of California to fund the research, according to union President Tim Edwards. And \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billAnalysisClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB774\">a bill by Sen. Connie Leyva\u003c/a>, a Democrat from Chino, would have tapped $5 million from the state’s general fund to pay for wildland firefighting research at California State University campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the bill sailed through the Legislature, former Gov. Jerry Brown vetoed it, calling it a “well-intentioned and important proposal” that belonged in the budget, not legislation. Edwards, an engineer with Cal Fire and thyroid cancer survivor, said the veto was disappointing. “Being a state employee, and a state firefighter, I think that hurt me more than anything. It frustrated me more than anything,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Edwards said the union is working to get the funding included in the state budget. H.D. Palmer, deputy director for external affairs at the California Department of Finance, wouldn’t say whether the union’s latest efforts will work. “I’ll respectfully decline to speculate on what will or will not be included in next year’s budget proposal,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s Next?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are\u003cem> \u003c/em>strategies to reduce wildland firefighters’ risks by removing them from the smoke when they’re off shift, and giving them a chance to clean up, Cal Fire’s Estrada said. “It doesn’t mean that when they go out in these environments that 100 percent of the time, every firefighter is completely immersed in the smoke for the duration,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, union president Edwards said, “We’re hoping to eventually find a breathing apparatus that will work at the wildland conditions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To that end, the Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate has contracted with a company called TDA Research to \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/931_R-Tech_Wildland-Firefighter-Respiration-Protection-FactSheet_180606-508.pdf\">create a lightweight respirator\u003c/a> that firefighters can use in the wildland for days to weeks. Since many wildland firefighters wear bandanas over their faces, the device is shaped like a scarf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted to create something that was similar to what they use,” said Kimberli Jones-Holt, program manager with the DHS Science and Technology Directorate. Jones-Holt is optimistic that wildland firefighters could be using the device by 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Rodriguez, the results aren’t back yet from the patches she sent into the smoke in Sonoma. But in the meantime, she has her glass vials and fabric staplers still packed in that pink duffle bag, ready for the next fire, she said: “It’s important for us to realize that fire season is year round. I don’t really have the time to sit and wait.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As climate change primes California to burn, the long-term health risks of wildland firefighting are still a mystery. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848157,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":47,"wordCount":2456},"headData":{"title":"Researchers Probe the Toxic Soup From Wildfire | KQED","description":"As climate change primes California to burn, the long-term health risks of wildland firefighting are still a mystery. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Researchers Probe the Toxic Soup From Wildfire","datePublished":"2019-11-13T17:18:54.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:55:57.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"CALMATTERS","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Rachel Becker \u003cbr/>CalMatters\u003cbr>","path":"/science/1950842/researchers-probe-the-toxic-soup-from-wildfire","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Matt Rahn was about 200 feet away when flames started climbing up the side of the garage and creeping toward the car inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://news.csusm.edu/csusm-wildland-firefighting-research/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A wildfire researcher\u003c/a> with California State University San Marcos, Rahn was at the edge of \u003ca href=\"https://fire.ca.gov/incidents/2014/7/25/sand-fire/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a fire that would go on to burn 4,240 acres\u003c/a> across California’s Amador and El Dorado counties. He was there to study the smoke rising off blackening shrubs and trees. Watching the garage burn, though, he realized that firefighters fending off flames without any real lung protection were inhaling more than airborne remnants of burnt plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Think about the average home, all the chemicals and things that are in there, not to mention all the building materials and furniture,” said Rahn, who also is \u003ca href=\"https://temeculaca.gov/904/Council-Member-Matt-Rahn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a member of \u003c/a>Temecula’s city council. “That’s when we started really thinking about what happens. What’s in the smoke when you have all that complicated fuel being combusted at the same time?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was in 2014, when wildfires burned 568 buildings across the state. Fire season is not yet over this year and the toll already is higher: three people dead and 732 buildings burned. And the state is still recovering from back-to-back years of catastrophic fires that killed 137 people and damaged or destroyed nearly 35,000 buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"https://nca2018.globalchange.gov/chapter/6/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">climate change primes the West to burn\u003c/a> and more \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/content/115/13/3314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">people build closer to nature\u003c/a>, the question of what’s in the smoke when fires tear through wilderness and homes alike is still far from being answered. Yet the health of those breathing the smoke — like the firefighters battling the flames — depends on real data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, we’re trying to keep California from burning down,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.yourcsd.com/161/Message-from-the-Fire-Chief\">Michael McLaughlin\u003c/a>, chief of the Cosumnes Fire Department and legislative director of the \u003ca href=\"https://calchiefs.org/who-we-are/committees/legislative-committee/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Fire Chiefs Association\u003c/a>. “But how do we put emphasis on those that we’re putting between the fire and the communities we’re trying to save?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On People’s Radar\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a wildfire burns through grasslands, forests, and chaparral, the blaze \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.fed.us/t-d/pubs/pdfpubs/pdf13511803/pdf13511803dpi100.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">churns out fine airborne particles\u003c/a> that can irritate the lungs and have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1716846\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">linked to heart and lung problems\u003c/a>, as well as \u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/airnow/wildfire-smoke/wildfire-smoke-guide-revised-2019.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">premature death\u003c/a>. Deadly gases like carbon monoxide and irritating, potentially cancer-causing chemicals like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons mix into the smoke cloud as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a complex soup with ingredients that can change depending on the fuel and the ferocity of the fire. And as the chemicals stew in the atmosphere, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.fed.us/t-d/pubs/pdfpubs/pdf13511803/pdf13511803dpi100.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">they continue to react\u003c/a> — breaking apart and joining together to create new ingredients to inhale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burning buildings and cars typically make up only a small proportion of wildfire smoke, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.firelab.org/profile/urbanski-shawn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Shawn Urbanski\u003c/a>, a research physical scientist at the Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory — but their contributions are starting to capture scientists’ attention. “With these recent fires, it’s really sort of gotten on people’s radar,” Urbanski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For folks inhaling smoke far from its source, toxic emissions from burning cars and houses are likely to pose less of a health risk as they’re diluted away. “All the way down in the Bay Area, probably the smoke from the Paradise Fire was pretty much just wood smoke,” said \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/john.balmes\">John Balmes\u003c/a>, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, wood smoke isn’t benign; \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1716846\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">researchers\u003c/a> as well as \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/the-smokes-gone-but-hearts-and-lungs-still-may-be-in-danger-months-after-wildfires/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reporters at Reveal\u003c/a> found increases in emergency room visits \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6015400/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">for heart\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-016-0146-8#Sec4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">breathing problems\u003c/a> after exposure to wildfire smoke. But for people immediately downwind and for the firefighters battling the flames, the metals, carcinogens, and toxic air pollutants rising from burning homes and cars could present an additional hazard. “It definitely is an occupational risk for the firefighters when they’re trying to save buildings, and for community exposures,” Balmes said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We do know that municipal firefighters battling structure fires in towns and cities can run into heavy metals as well as all \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK326815/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">kinds of cancer-causing chemicals\u003c/a>, like formaldehyde, benzene, and asbestos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re also more \u003ca href=\"https://www.fsi.illinois.edu/documents/research/CardioChemRisksModernFF_InterimReport2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">prone to getting cancer\u003c/a> than the general population, according to a massive study of 30,000 firefighters in San Francisco, Chicago, and Philadelphia. The paper, published \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4499779/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in the journal \u003cem>Occupational and Environmental Medicine\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>,\u003c/em> reported an increase in certain cancers, including of the esophagus, lungs, mouth and throat, large intestine, and kidney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There haven’t been any similar long-term epidemiology studies of firefighters battling blazes in the wilderness, according to a deep dive into the scientific literature that was published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/journals/pnw_2016_adetona001.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Inhalation Toxicology\u003c/em>\u003c/a> in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shorter-term studies, however, have reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/08958378.2011.617790\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">small drops in lung function\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/erj/32/1/129.full.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">increased inflammation\u003c/a> among wildland firefighters exposed to smoke. Kathleen Navarro is a research industrial hygienist at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health who has worked as a wildland firefighter. She estimated in a recent study published in \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30981117\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Environmental Research\u003c/em>\u003c/a> that based on their smoke exposures, wildland firefighters may be at greater risk of dying from lung cancer and cardiovascular disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildland firefighters also tend to battle conflagrations without any lung protection beyond a bandana or a mask to filter out airborne particles — even when they’re working where wilderness and homes intersect, a junction known as the wildland urban interface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For structure fires in towns or cities, firefighters typically use a breathing apparatus equipped with a clean air tank that lasts about 20 to 30 minutes, according to Cosumnes Fire Chief McLaughlin. That’s not feasible for wildland firefighters who can end up working long shifts, in treacherous terrain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why figuring out what’s in the smoke, and what it means for health, is so important, said Jesse Estrada, the department safety officer for the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, also known as Cal Fire. “You get exposed to a lot of stuff over the years, and the body takes a beatdown,” he said. “We need to understand what the short term and long term effects are. The only way to know that is to let time pass as they do the research, and truly see what we are facing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Different Landscape\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the people driving this research is Aida Rodriguez, a master’s student working with Matt Rahn at CSU San Marcos. The day after the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2019/10/23/kincade-fire/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kincade fire\u003c/a> started in Sonoma County, Rodriguez hopped on a plane with a pink duffle bag full of pre-labeled glass vials, patches made out of the same Nomex material in firefighters’ uniforms, and fabric staplers. Airport security, Rodriguez said, “were concerned about everything in there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next morning, under a reddish haze of smoke on the horizon and the faint smell of camp fires in the air, Rodriguez got to work. Balancing the vials and Nomex patches on the front of a fire engine at the base camp in Santa Rosa, she tacked the material to the outside and the inside of the firefighters’ gear. She was done in about 20 minutes. “I was fast and furiously going through it,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-four hours later, it was Rahn who was in charge of ripping the patches from the returning firefighters’ uniforms, pushing them into the glass vials, and mailing them to an independent lab in Ohio for testing. His team’s goal is to find out which chemicals settle on the outside of the firefighters’ uniforms while they’re fighting the flames, and which ones soak through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Are they harmful chemicals? Are they cancer causing?” Rodriguez said. “If that’s something we can answer, then you can develop a decontamination protocol to mitigate the exposure to those chemicals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists across the country are asking these questions. \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2019-03/documents/holderamara_biosketche_aemd.pdf\">Amara Holder\u003c/a>, a scientist with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, is working with the U.S. Forest Service to review what we know — and what we don’t — about the air pollution from fires that burn homes and wilderness together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are high for firefighters and other emergency responders, and for the people living close to a conflagration. “You’ve got smoke from a house, or a car, as well as trees,” Holder said. “It’s just a different landscape.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key will be measuring what’s in the smoke, and determining how far these pollutants travel — as some might dissipate before they reach nearby towns, and some might not. Figuring that out could help guide evacuations and determine when and where wildland firefighters need to wear protective equipment. “Then we’ll know what we need to do to protect people,” Holder said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navarro, the scientist who has worked as a wildland firefighter, is taking an even closer\u003cem> \u003c/em>look at wildland firefighter health — by studying their bodily fluids. She and a team of researchers at the University of Miami and the University of Arizona are collecting blood and urine samples from firefighters battling fires at the interface between homes and nature. She’s looking for signs of metals, certain flame retardants, and a family of chemicals called \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110062114200237\">polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons\u003c/a> that’s known to include carcinogens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In those environments, firefighters’ chemical exposures become much more complex, according to Navarro’s colleague, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nfpa.org/-/media/Files/Membership/member-sections/Metro-Chiefs/Urban-Fire-Forum/2019/2019UFFCancerRegistry.ashx?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kenneth Fent\u003c/a>. “There are a lot more questions about their health risks even above and beyond other wildland firefighters where it may be more vegetation exposure,” Fent said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fent is helming a voluntary \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/health.html\">National Firefighter Registry\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2019/p0328-firefighter-registry.html\">track the long-term health\u003c/a> of any firefighter who signs up. The goal is to understand the long-term cancer risk of firefighters across the field, from those rushing into burning buildings to those fighting to keep a wildfire from engulfing a nearby town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For wildland firefighters in particular, he said, this is the kind of study that’s been missing. And identifying the risks is the first step for trying to prevent them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Expensive Consideration\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why don’t we know yet what long-term health problems might plague wildland firefighters? One reason is logistics: it’s tough for scientists to tag along with firefighters while they’re working in extreme conditions to save lives and homes. “To do my work, I became a firefighter,” Navarro said. Her training allows her to measure smoke exposures at active wildfires, and gives her insights into what the job as a wildland firefighter actually involves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another reason is that this research is expensive, according to CSU San Marcos’ Rahn. “The laboratory analysis costs us about $2,000 per firefighter,” he said. “This is an expensive consideration. That’s the hurdle we’re up against.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the money — which Rahn said includes a grant from the Federal Emergency Management Agency and another from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calfirelocal2881.org/\">Cal Fire Local 2881 union\u003c/a> — is running out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers have struggled to find someone willing to pay to investigate the risks to wildland firefighters, he said. “We have to convince these funding agencies, believe it or not, that the work we do here is not just a California issue — this is a national concern,” he said. “It’s a challenge every year to try to receive that funding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why two years ago Cal Fire Local 2881 pushed the state of California to fund the research, according to union President Tim Edwards. And \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billAnalysisClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB774\">a bill by Sen. Connie Leyva\u003c/a>, a Democrat from Chino, would have tapped $5 million from the state’s general fund to pay for wildland firefighting research at California State University campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the bill sailed through the Legislature, former Gov. Jerry Brown vetoed it, calling it a “well-intentioned and important proposal” that belonged in the budget, not legislation. Edwards, an engineer with Cal Fire and thyroid cancer survivor, said the veto was disappointing. “Being a state employee, and a state firefighter, I think that hurt me more than anything. It frustrated me more than anything,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Edwards said the union is working to get the funding included in the state budget. H.D. Palmer, deputy director for external affairs at the California Department of Finance, wouldn’t say whether the union’s latest efforts will work. “I’ll respectfully decline to speculate on what will or will not be included in next year’s budget proposal,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s Next?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are\u003cem> \u003c/em>strategies to reduce wildland firefighters’ risks by removing them from the smoke when they’re off shift, and giving them a chance to clean up, Cal Fire’s Estrada said. “It doesn’t mean that when they go out in these environments that 100 percent of the time, every firefighter is completely immersed in the smoke for the duration,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, union president Edwards said, “We’re hoping to eventually find a breathing apparatus that will work at the wildland conditions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To that end, the Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate has contracted with a company called TDA Research to \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/931_R-Tech_Wildland-Firefighter-Respiration-Protection-FactSheet_180606-508.pdf\">create a lightweight respirator\u003c/a> that firefighters can use in the wildland for days to weeks. Since many wildland firefighters wear bandanas over their faces, the device is shaped like a scarf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted to create something that was similar to what they use,” said Kimberli Jones-Holt, program manager with the DHS Science and Technology Directorate. Jones-Holt is optimistic that wildland firefighters could be using the device by 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Rodriguez, the results aren’t back yet from the patches she sent into the smoke in Sonoma. But in the meantime, she has her glass vials and fabric staplers still packed in that pink duffle bag, ready for the next fire, she said: “It’s important for us to realize that fire season is year round. I don’t really have the time to sit and wait.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1950842/researchers-probe-the-toxic-soup-from-wildfire","authors":["byline_science_1950842"],"categories":["science_35","science_39","science_40","science_3730"],"tags":["science_524","science_3370","science_3838","science_3463","science_381","science_113"],"featImg":"science_1950844","label":"source_science_1950842"},"science_1946766":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1946766","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1946766","score":null,"sort":[1566608208000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"federal-court-upholds-obama-era-smog-rules","title":"Federal Court Upholds Obama-Era Smog Rules","publishDate":1566608208,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Federal Court Upholds Obama-Era Smog Rules | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>A federal appeals court in Washington, D.C. today \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press-docs/Murray%20Energy%20v.%20EPA.pdf\">upheld\u003c/a> Obama-era smog and air quality standards. Conservative states and industry leaders had tried to scrap them, saying that the rules were too burdensome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California joined states like New York and public health organizations including the American Lung Association in defending the standards that regulate ground-level ozone, an irritating gas that smells like chlorine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Billings, senior vice president of advocacy with the American Lung Association, called the court decision a win for public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The court upheld the health-based standards,” he said. “It firmly rejected the challenges by industry and some states that attempted to bring in external considerations like economics and background ozone levels. The court shot those claims down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement emailed to reporters, California Attorney General Xavier Becerra said the court’s ruling prevented an attempt by corporate interests to put profits over air quality. He said the standards save upwards of 100 lives and prevent 380 asthma-related emergency room visits each year in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For many, poor air quality is not just upsetting, but debilitating,” Becerra said. “It means missed days of school, work, and countless other opportunities. It’s a matter of life and death. Our children should never be left gasping for air because of government inaction or corporate greed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ozone standards — a cap at 70 parts per billion — were first set by the Obama administration in 2015, after it determined the previous rules weren’t strong enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Pruitt was one of the first attorneys to challenge Obama’s smog rule, back when he was Oklahoma’s attorney general and before the Trump administration named him to lead the Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kamala Harris, then California’s attorney general, initially joined public health groups in defending the rules in court. Becerra replaced her when she became a U.S. senator from California. Harris is running to be the Democratic nominee for president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ground-level ozone, sometimes called trioxygen because it’s made up of three oxygen atoms, is a toxic air pollutant and the central ingredient of smog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s derived from industrial emissions, car exhaust, and other chemicals reacting to each other in the atmosphere (not to be confused with stratospheric ozone, which occurs naturally in the upper atmosphere and protects humans from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet rays).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smog can cause chest pain, coughing, inflammation, and reduce lung function in people who breathe it, the EPA reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Becerra and Billings claimed a win with the court’s ruling. The Trump administration considered throwing out Obama’s smog rule, but ultimately decided to defend it in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Trump’s EPA is updating the smog standards and could issue its own rules as part of a five-year review.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California defended the standards that regulate ground-level ozone, a toxic gas.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848376,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":492},"headData":{"title":"Federal Court Upholds Obama-Era Smog Rules | KQED","description":"California defended the standards that regulate ground-level ozone, a toxic gas.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Federal Court Upholds Obama-Era Smog Rules","datePublished":"2019-08-24T00:56:48.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:59:36.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Air Quality","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1946766/federal-court-upholds-obama-era-smog-rules","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A federal appeals court in Washington, D.C. today \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press-docs/Murray%20Energy%20v.%20EPA.pdf\">upheld\u003c/a> Obama-era smog and air quality standards. Conservative states and industry leaders had tried to scrap them, saying that the rules were too burdensome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California joined states like New York and public health organizations including the American Lung Association in defending the standards that regulate ground-level ozone, an irritating gas that smells like chlorine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Billings, senior vice president of advocacy with the American Lung Association, called the court decision a win for public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The court upheld the health-based standards,” he said. “It firmly rejected the challenges by industry and some states that attempted to bring in external considerations like economics and background ozone levels. The court shot those claims down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement emailed to reporters, California Attorney General Xavier Becerra said the court’s ruling prevented an attempt by corporate interests to put profits over air quality. He said the standards save upwards of 100 lives and prevent 380 asthma-related emergency room visits each year in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For many, poor air quality is not just upsetting, but debilitating,” Becerra said. “It means missed days of school, work, and countless other opportunities. It’s a matter of life and death. Our children should never be left gasping for air because of government inaction or corporate greed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ozone standards — a cap at 70 parts per billion — were first set by the Obama administration in 2015, after it determined the previous rules weren’t strong enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Pruitt was one of the first attorneys to challenge Obama’s smog rule, back when he was Oklahoma’s attorney general and before the Trump administration named him to lead the Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kamala Harris, then California’s attorney general, initially joined public health groups in defending the rules in court. Becerra replaced her when she became a U.S. senator from California. Harris is running to be the Democratic nominee for president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ground-level ozone, sometimes called trioxygen because it’s made up of three oxygen atoms, is a toxic air pollutant and the central ingredient of smog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s derived from industrial emissions, car exhaust, and other chemicals reacting to each other in the atmosphere (not to be confused with stratospheric ozone, which occurs naturally in the upper atmosphere and protects humans from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet rays).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smog can cause chest pain, coughing, inflammation, and reduce lung function in people who breathe it, the EPA reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Becerra and Billings claimed a win with the court’s ruling. The Trump administration considered throwing out Obama’s smog rule, but ultimately decided to defend it in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Trump’s EPA is updating the smog standards and could issue its own rules as part of a five-year review.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1946766/federal-court-upholds-obama-era-smog-rules","authors":["11608"],"categories":["science_35","science_39","science_40"],"tags":["science_505","science_2080","science_3370","science_3830","science_381","science_3322"],"featImg":"science_1946775","label":"source_science_1946766"},"science_1946352":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1946352","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1946352","score":null,"sort":[1565593337000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-will-check-on-forever-chemicals-in-drinking-water-what-you-need-to-know","title":"California Will Check on 'Forever Chemicals' in Drinking Water. What You Need to Know","publishDate":1565593337,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Will Check on ‘Forever Chemicals’ in Drinking Water. What You Need to Know | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Over 75 years, a billion-dollar industry has grown up around a group of toxic chemicals that helps keep carpets clean, makes water roll off of camping equipment, and stops your food from sticking to frying pans. There are nearly 5,000 of these chemicals in a class called PFAS, for perfluoralkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re just beginning to understand the risk they pose. What chemists know is that the tough carbon-fluorine bonds in these “forever chemicals” make them break down very slowly in the environment — posing a persistent risk to water supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>PFAS Linked to Liver and Developmental Problems \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control \u003ca href=\"https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp200.pdf\">has profiled\u003c/a> PFAS, which has been studied in people and in animals. Studies have linked to it developmental problems, thyroid disease, harm to the immune system, and impaired liver function. The CDC and Environmental Protection Agency also say some of the chemicals in this class may cause cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium']Since PFAS have a long life in the environment, when you put takeout bowls with trace amounts of them in compost, the potentially toxic chemicals remain dangerous wherever they go.[/pullquote]PFAS are oil, stain, grease, and water repellent, so they’re found in consumer products like ski goggles and camping gear. What people are worried about now is where the chemicals might have entered drinking water through industrial uses. There’s a firefighting foam used on airport runways because it cleans up fuel spills and oil really well, and from there the PFAS chemicals could leach into soil, and then water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental Working Group toxicologist Alexis Temkin says that human exposure can come from drinking water and certain types of food, especially seafood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re now beginning to understand that it can be found in compost, which can be used on other types of vegetables, which can then take up PFAS,” Temkin says. “So we know that the health hazard and the risk can come from a variety of different places.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under a federal program, starting a couple of decades ago\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> companies voluntarily phased out the older versions of these PFAS chemicals. They aren’t made in the U.S. anymore, but some other newer ones are, and these newer chemicals may be less toxic, or may not be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Thousands of Chemicals and Very Few Rules\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal rules set a health advisory limit for drinking water at 70 parts per trillion. The CDC’s toxicology review \u003ca href=\"https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp200.pdf\">suggests\u003c/a> that the for some chemicals the limit should be around one-fifth of that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='science_560344' label='Inside the Story of 1,2,3-TCP']\u003cbr>\nThe Environmental Protection Agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/pfas/draft-interim-recommendations-addressing-groundwater-contaminated-pfoa-and-pfos\">has issued\u003c/a> an interim plan which says that the agency will continue to study PFAS \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2019-02/documents/pfas_action_plan_021319_508compliant_1.pdf\">for a while yet\u003c/a>. States have been moving to take swifter action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New Jersey made a hard limit for two PFAS chemicals, and is making companies test and clean up to that standard. It’s also now a condition of real estate transactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, California has set a health advisory at 70 parts per trillion. But that doesn’t mean people here are drinking tainted water. The State Water Resources Control Board is undertaking a huge \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/pfas/\">investigation\u003c/a> of where PFAS might be, beginning with 1500 airports, wells and landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB756\">has now signed\u003c/a> a law requiring water agencies to disclose when any PFAS chemicals are found in water above a level of 70 parts per trillion. The Association of California Water Agencies opposed the law, expressing concern that it might make people scared of their water without giving consumers useful information because the science remains complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>From Chipotle to Compost: PFAS in Takeout Containers\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit New Food Economy \u003ca href=\"https://newfoodeconomy.org/pfas-forever-chemicals-sweetgreen-chipotle-compostable-biodegradable-bowls/\">tested for\u003c/a> PFAS and found it in compostable bowls from Chipotle and Sweetgreen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concern isn’t that one burrito bowl is going to get you sick. Since PFAS have a long life in the environment, when you put takeout bowls with trace amounts of them in compost, the potentially toxic chemicals remain dangerous wherever they go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, San Francisco banned PFAS chemicals from takeout materials — the bowls, the plates, the spoons, all of it — after lawsuits \u003ca href=\"https://theintercept.com/2018/07/31/3m-pfas-minnesota-pfoa-pfos/\">revealed\u003c/a> that companies including 3M knew for four decades or more that the chemicals were toxic and accumulated in the human body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress has discussed taking action to keep PFAS out of disposable food containers, but it hasn’t taken action yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Cleanup Is Expensive\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We \u003ca href=\"https://cen.acs.org/environment/persistent-pollutants/Forever-chemicals-technologies-aim-destroy/97/i12\">can \u003c/a>clean up PFAS from water supplies, but it’s costly. Water treatment plants have ways to trap the chemicals, including reverse osmosis. The problem is, treatment plants have to dispose of the chemicals they trap, and these chemicals don’t break down. It’s not an easy fix. Scientists are researching how to trap the chemicals better, and how to make the chemicals break down faster and more safely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"There are thousands of chemicals in a class called PFAS that break down very slowly in the environment, posing a persistent risk to water supplies.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848415,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":836},"headData":{"title":"California Will Check on 'Forever Chemicals' in Drinking Water. What You Need to Know | KQED","description":"There are thousands of chemicals in a class called PFAS that break down very slowly in the environment, posing a persistent risk to water supplies.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California Will Check on 'Forever Chemicals' in Drinking Water. What You Need to Know","datePublished":"2019-08-12T07:02:17.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T01:00:15.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2019/08/282106PetersonWattsForeverChemicals2way.mp3","sticky":false,"audioTrackLength":256,"path":"/science/1946352/california-will-check-on-forever-chemicals-in-drinking-water-what-you-need-to-know","audioDuration":256000,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Over 75 years, a billion-dollar industry has grown up around a group of toxic chemicals that helps keep carpets clean, makes water roll off of camping equipment, and stops your food from sticking to frying pans. There are nearly 5,000 of these chemicals in a class called PFAS, for perfluoralkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re just beginning to understand the risk they pose. What chemists know is that the tough carbon-fluorine bonds in these “forever chemicals” make them break down very slowly in the environment — posing a persistent risk to water supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>PFAS Linked to Liver and Developmental Problems \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control \u003ca href=\"https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp200.pdf\">has profiled\u003c/a> PFAS, which has been studied in people and in animals. Studies have linked to it developmental problems, thyroid disease, harm to the immune system, and impaired liver function. The CDC and Environmental Protection Agency also say some of the chemicals in this class may cause cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"Since PFAS have a long life in the environment, when you put takeout bowls with trace amounts of them in compost, the potentially toxic chemicals remain dangerous wherever they go.","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>PFAS are oil, stain, grease, and water repellent, so they’re found in consumer products like ski goggles and camping gear. What people are worried about now is where the chemicals might have entered drinking water through industrial uses. There’s a firefighting foam used on airport runways because it cleans up fuel spills and oil really well, and from there the PFAS chemicals could leach into soil, and then water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental Working Group toxicologist Alexis Temkin says that human exposure can come from drinking water and certain types of food, especially seafood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re now beginning to understand that it can be found in compost, which can be used on other types of vegetables, which can then take up PFAS,” Temkin says. “So we know that the health hazard and the risk can come from a variety of different places.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under a federal program, starting a couple of decades ago\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> companies voluntarily phased out the older versions of these PFAS chemicals. They aren’t made in the U.S. anymore, but some other newer ones are, and these newer chemicals may be less toxic, or may not be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Thousands of Chemicals and Very Few Rules\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal rules set a health advisory limit for drinking water at 70 parts per trillion. The CDC’s toxicology review \u003ca href=\"https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp200.pdf\">suggests\u003c/a> that the for some chemicals the limit should be around one-fifth of that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_560344","label":"Inside the Story of 1,2,3-TCP "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nThe Environmental Protection Agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/pfas/draft-interim-recommendations-addressing-groundwater-contaminated-pfoa-and-pfos\">has issued\u003c/a> an interim plan which says that the agency will continue to study PFAS \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2019-02/documents/pfas_action_plan_021319_508compliant_1.pdf\">for a while yet\u003c/a>. States have been moving to take swifter action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New Jersey made a hard limit for two PFAS chemicals, and is making companies test and clean up to that standard. It’s also now a condition of real estate transactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, California has set a health advisory at 70 parts per trillion. But that doesn’t mean people here are drinking tainted water. The State Water Resources Control Board is undertaking a huge \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/pfas/\">investigation\u003c/a> of where PFAS might be, beginning with 1500 airports, wells and landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB756\">has now signed\u003c/a> a law requiring water agencies to disclose when any PFAS chemicals are found in water above a level of 70 parts per trillion. The Association of California Water Agencies opposed the law, expressing concern that it might make people scared of their water without giving consumers useful information because the science remains complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>From Chipotle to Compost: PFAS in Takeout Containers\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit New Food Economy \u003ca href=\"https://newfoodeconomy.org/pfas-forever-chemicals-sweetgreen-chipotle-compostable-biodegradable-bowls/\">tested for\u003c/a> PFAS and found it in compostable bowls from Chipotle and Sweetgreen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concern isn’t that one burrito bowl is going to get you sick. Since PFAS have a long life in the environment, when you put takeout bowls with trace amounts of them in compost, the potentially toxic chemicals remain dangerous wherever they go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, San Francisco banned PFAS chemicals from takeout materials — the bowls, the plates, the spoons, all of it — after lawsuits \u003ca href=\"https://theintercept.com/2018/07/31/3m-pfas-minnesota-pfoa-pfos/\">revealed\u003c/a> that companies including 3M knew for four decades or more that the chemicals were toxic and accumulated in the human body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress has discussed taking action to keep PFAS out of disposable food containers, but it hasn’t taken action yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Cleanup Is Expensive\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We \u003ca href=\"https://cen.acs.org/environment/persistent-pollutants/Forever-chemicals-technologies-aim-destroy/97/i12\">can \u003c/a>clean up PFAS from water supplies, but it’s costly. Water treatment plants have ways to trap the chemicals, including reverse osmosis. The problem is, treatment plants have to dispose of the chemicals they trap, and these chemicals don’t break down. It’s not an easy fix. Scientists are researching how to trap the chemicals better, and how to make the chemicals break down faster and more safely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1946352/california-will-check-on-forever-chemicals-in-drinking-water-what-you-need-to-know","authors":["11223"],"categories":["science_29","science_35","science_36","science_40","science_43","science_98"],"tags":["science_3370","science_3833","science_381"],"featImg":"science_1946369","label":"science"},"science_1946339":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1946339","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1946339","score":null,"sort":[1565380348000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"epa-wont-approve-warning-labels-for-weed-killer","title":"EPA Won't Approve Warning Labels For Weed Killer","publishDate":1565380348,"format":"standard","headTitle":"EPA Won’t Approve Warning Labels For Weed Killer | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The Trump administration has instructed companies not to warn customers about products that contain glyphosate, a move aimed at California as it fights one of the world’s largest agriculture companies about the potentially cancer-causing chemical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency says it “\u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2019-08/documents/glyphosate_registrant_letter_-_8-7-19_-_signed.pdf\">will no longer approve\u003c/a>” labels warning glyphosate is known to cause cancer. The chemical is marketed as a weed killer by Monsanto under the brand Roundup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California requires warning labels on glyphosate products because the International Agency for Research on Cancer, an arm of the World Health Organization, has said it is “\u003ca href=\"https://www.iarc.fr/featured-news/media-centre-iarc-news-glyphosate/\">probably carcinogenic\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA disagrees, \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/draft-human-health-and-ecological-risk-assessments-glyphosate\">saying\u003c/a> its own research shows the chemical poses no risks to public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto has sued to block California’s warning label requirements. A federal judge blocked California from enforcing the labels while the lawsuit continues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We recognize that under federal law, the Environmental Protection Agency can make decisions about what kind of warnings these labels can carry,” Allan Hirsch, the chief deputy director of the state’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Hirsch says California stands by its 2017 \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/crnr/glyphosate-listed-effective-july-7-2017-known-state-california-cause-cancer\">listing\u003c/a> of glyphosate under Proposition 65, which is based on the conclusions of the IARC. “EPA is free to disagree with IARC on that question, we know that they do,” he said. “But it’s misleading to dismiss California’s warnings as false.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The move is aimed at California as it fights one of the world’s largest agriculture companies. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848420,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":247},"headData":{"title":"EPA Won't Approve Warning Labels For Weed Killer | KQED","description":"The move is aimed at California as it fights one of the world’s largest agriculture companies. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"EPA Won't Approve Warning Labels For Weed Killer","datePublished":"2019-08-09T19:52:28.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T01:00:20.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Associated Press","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Associated Press and Molly Peterson","path":"/science/1946339/epa-wont-approve-warning-labels-for-weed-killer","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump administration has instructed companies not to warn customers about products that contain glyphosate, a move aimed at California as it fights one of the world’s largest agriculture companies about the potentially cancer-causing chemical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency says it “\u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2019-08/documents/glyphosate_registrant_letter_-_8-7-19_-_signed.pdf\">will no longer approve\u003c/a>” labels warning glyphosate is known to cause cancer. The chemical is marketed as a weed killer by Monsanto under the brand Roundup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California requires warning labels on glyphosate products because the International Agency for Research on Cancer, an arm of the World Health Organization, has said it is “\u003ca href=\"https://www.iarc.fr/featured-news/media-centre-iarc-news-glyphosate/\">probably carcinogenic\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA disagrees, \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/draft-human-health-and-ecological-risk-assessments-glyphosate\">saying\u003c/a> its own research shows the chemical poses no risks to public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto has sued to block California’s warning label requirements. A federal judge blocked California from enforcing the labels while the lawsuit continues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We recognize that under federal law, the Environmental Protection Agency can make decisions about what kind of warnings these labels can carry,” Allan Hirsch, the chief deputy director of the state’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Hirsch says California stands by its 2017 \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/crnr/glyphosate-listed-effective-july-7-2017-known-state-california-cause-cancer\">listing\u003c/a> of glyphosate under Proposition 65, which is based on the conclusions of the IARC. “EPA is free to disagree with IARC on that question, we know that they do,” he said. “But it’s misleading to dismiss California’s warnings as false.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1946339/epa-wont-approve-warning-labels-for-weed-killer","authors":["byline_science_1946339"],"categories":["science_35","science_39","science_3890","science_40"],"tags":["science_2080","science_381","science_3514"],"featImg":"science_1946341","label":"source_science_1946339"},"science_1929271":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1929271","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1929271","score":null,"sort":[1533852967000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-court-bans-pesticide-says-trump-administration-endangered-public-health","title":"California Court Bans Pesticide, Says Trump Admin Endangered Public Health","publishDate":1533852967,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Court Bans Pesticide, Says Trump Admin Endangered Public Health | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>A federal appeals court ruled Thursday that the Trump administration endangered public health by keeping a widely used pesticide on the market despite extensive scientific evidence that even tiny levels of exposure can harm babies’ brains.[contextly_sidebar id=”OgP9VC0xRLg7ig2ouofvdDfKaxkpNlpo”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco ordered the Environmental Protection Agency to\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/435785/farmworkers-want-common-pesticide-banned-in-calif-after-trump-epa-refuses\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> remove chlorpyrifos\u003c/a> from sale in the United States within 60 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A coalition of farmworkers and environmental groups sued last year after then-EPA chief Scott Pruitt reversed an Obama-era effort to ban chlorpyrifos, which is widely sprayed on citrus fruit, apples and other crops. The attorneys general for several states joined the case against EPA, including California, New York and Massachusetts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a split decision, the court said Thursday that Pruitt, a Republican forced to resign earlier this summer amid ethics scandals, violated federal law by ignoring the conclusions of agency scientists that chlorpyrifos is harmful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The panel held that there was no justification for the EPA’s decision in its 2017 order to maintain a tolerance for chlorpyrifos in the face of scientific evidence that its residue on food causes neurodevelopmental damage to children,” Judge Jed S. Rakoff wrote in the court’s opinion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Abboud, spokesman for acting EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler, said the agency was reviewing the decision, but it had been unable to “fully evaluate the pesticide using the best available, transparent science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA could potentially appeal to the Supreme Court since one member of the three-judge panel dissented from the majority ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1929286\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1929286\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California farmworker protests use of chlorpyrifos at the state capitol in July 2017. \u003ccite>(Joan Cusick)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups and public health advocates celebrated the court’s action as a major success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some things are too sacred to play politics with, and our kids top the list,” said Erik Olson, senior director of health and food at the Natural Resources Defense Council. “The court has made it clear that children’s health must come before powerful polluters. This is a victory for parents everywhere who want to feed their kids fruits and veggies without fear it’s harming their brains or poisoning communities.”[contextly_sidebar id=”ABlaTASSInnefW5OPkxWOAJvU7ZFrHRh”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorneys general of California and New York also claimed victory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is one more example of how then-EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt skirted the law and endangered the health of our children — in this case, all because he refused to curb pesticide levels found in food,” Attorney General Xavier Becerra of California said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chlorpyrifos was created by Dow Chemical Co. in the 1960s. It remains among the most widely used agricultural pesticides in the United States, with the chemical giant selling about 5 million pounds domestically each year through its subsidiary Dow AgroSciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dow did not respond to an email seeking comment. In past statements, the company has contended the chemical helps American farmers feed the world “with full respect for human health and the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chlorpyrifos belongs to a family of organophosphate pesticides that are chemically similar to a chemical warfare agent developed by Nazi Germany before World War II.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of its wide use as a pesticide over the past four decades, traces of chlorpyrifos are commonly found in sources of drinking water. A 2012 study at the University of California at Berkeley found that 87 percent of umbilical-cord blood samples tested from newborn babies contained detectable levels of the pesticide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under pressure from federal regulators, Dow voluntarily withdrew chlorpyrifos for use as a home insecticide in 2000. EPA also placed “no-spray” buffer zones around sensitive sites, such as schools, in 2012.[contextly_sidebar id=”85BU79lm7sNpuGksTRFjptK2yeQa4BJz”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2015, the Obama administration proposed banning the pesticide’s use on food. A risk assessment memo issued by nine EPA scientists concluded: “There is a breadth of information available on the potential adverse neurodevelopmental effects in infants and children as a result of prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal law requires EPA to ensure that pesticides used on food in the United States are safe for human consumption — especially children, who are typically far more sensitive to the negative effects of poisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after his appointment by President Donald Trump in 2017, Pruitt announced he was revering the Obama administration effort to ban chlorpyrifos, adopting Dow’s position that the science showing chlorpyrifos is harmful was inconclusive and flawed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Associated Press reported in June 2017 that Pruitt announced his agency’s reversal on chlorpyrifos just 20 days after his official schedule showed a meeting with Dow CEO Andrew Liveris. At the time, Liveris headed a White House manufacturing working group, and his company had written a $1 million check to help underwrite Trump’s inaugural festivities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following AP’s report, then-EPA spokeswoman Liz Bowman said that March 9, 2017, meeting on Pruitt’s schedule never happened. Bowman said the two men had instead shared only a “brief introduction in passing” while attending the same industry conference at a Houston hotel and that they never discussed chlorpyrifos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, internal EPA emails released earlier this year following a public records lawsuit filed by The Sierra Club suggest the two men shared more than a quick handshake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Little more than a week after the conference and before Pruitt announced his decision, the EPA chief’s scheduler reached out to Liveris’ executive assistant to schedule a follow-up meeting.[contextly_sidebar id=”3rOAMFjyRxdjG2FHKoPtc2dZWxo3ls0C”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hope this email finds you well!” wrote Sydney Hupp, Pruitt’s assistant, on March 20, 2017. “I am reaching out today about setting up a meeting to continue the discussion between Dow Chemical and Administrator Scott Pruitt. My apologies for the delay in getting this email into you — it has been a crazy time over here!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Subsequent emails show Hupp and Liveris’ office discussing several potential dates that the Dow CEO might come to Pruitt’s office at EPA headquarters, but it is not clear from the documents whether the two men ever linked up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liveris announced his retirement from Dow in March of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pruitt resigned July 6 amid more than a dozen ethics investigations focused on such issues as outsized security spending, first-class flights and a sweetheart condo lease for a Capitol Hill condo linked to an energy lobbyist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bowman, who left EPA in May to work for GOP Sen. Joni Ernest of Iowa, declined to comment on her earlier characterization of the March 2017 interaction between Pruitt and Liveris or what “discussion” the internal email was referring to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t work for EPA anymore,” Bowman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco has ordered the EPA to remove chlorpyrifos from sale within 60 days.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927582,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":1148},"headData":{"title":"California Court Bans Pesticide, Says Trump Admin Endangered Public Health | KQED","description":"The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco has ordered the EPA to remove chlorpyrifos from sale within 60 days.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California Court Bans Pesticide, Says Trump Admin Endangered Public Health","datePublished":"2018-08-09T22:16:07.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T22:59:42.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Environment","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Michael Biesecker\u003cbr />The Associated Press","path":"/science/1929271/california-court-bans-pesticide-says-trump-administration-endangered-public-health","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A federal appeals court ruled Thursday that the Trump administration endangered public health by keeping a widely used pesticide on the market despite extensive scientific evidence that even tiny levels of exposure can harm babies’ brains.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco ordered the Environmental Protection Agency to\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/435785/farmworkers-want-common-pesticide-banned-in-calif-after-trump-epa-refuses\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> remove chlorpyrifos\u003c/a> from sale in the United States within 60 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A coalition of farmworkers and environmental groups sued last year after then-EPA chief Scott Pruitt reversed an Obama-era effort to ban chlorpyrifos, which is widely sprayed on citrus fruit, apples and other crops. The attorneys general for several states joined the case against EPA, including California, New York and Massachusetts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a split decision, the court said Thursday that Pruitt, a Republican forced to resign earlier this summer amid ethics scandals, violated federal law by ignoring the conclusions of agency scientists that chlorpyrifos is harmful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The panel held that there was no justification for the EPA’s decision in its 2017 order to maintain a tolerance for chlorpyrifos in the face of scientific evidence that its residue on food causes neurodevelopmental damage to children,” Judge Jed S. Rakoff wrote in the court’s opinion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Abboud, spokesman for acting EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler, said the agency was reviewing the decision, but it had been unable to “fully evaluate the pesticide using the best available, transparent science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA could potentially appeal to the Supreme Court since one member of the three-judge panel dissented from the majority ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1929286\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1929286\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California farmworker protests use of chlorpyrifos at the state capitol in July 2017. \u003ccite>(Joan Cusick)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups and public health advocates celebrated the court’s action as a major success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some things are too sacred to play politics with, and our kids top the list,” said Erik Olson, senior director of health and food at the Natural Resources Defense Council. “The court has made it clear that children’s health must come before powerful polluters. This is a victory for parents everywhere who want to feed their kids fruits and veggies without fear it’s harming their brains or poisoning communities.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorneys general of California and New York also claimed victory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is one more example of how then-EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt skirted the law and endangered the health of our children — in this case, all because he refused to curb pesticide levels found in food,” Attorney General Xavier Becerra of California said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chlorpyrifos was created by Dow Chemical Co. in the 1960s. It remains among the most widely used agricultural pesticides in the United States, with the chemical giant selling about 5 million pounds domestically each year through its subsidiary Dow AgroSciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dow did not respond to an email seeking comment. In past statements, the company has contended the chemical helps American farmers feed the world “with full respect for human health and the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chlorpyrifos belongs to a family of organophosphate pesticides that are chemically similar to a chemical warfare agent developed by Nazi Germany before World War II.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of its wide use as a pesticide over the past four decades, traces of chlorpyrifos are commonly found in sources of drinking water. A 2012 study at the University of California at Berkeley found that 87 percent of umbilical-cord blood samples tested from newborn babies contained detectable levels of the pesticide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under pressure from federal regulators, Dow voluntarily withdrew chlorpyrifos for use as a home insecticide in 2000. EPA also placed “no-spray” buffer zones around sensitive sites, such as schools, in 2012.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2015, the Obama administration proposed banning the pesticide’s use on food. A risk assessment memo issued by nine EPA scientists concluded: “There is a breadth of information available on the potential adverse neurodevelopmental effects in infants and children as a result of prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal law requires EPA to ensure that pesticides used on food in the United States are safe for human consumption — especially children, who are typically far more sensitive to the negative effects of poisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after his appointment by President Donald Trump in 2017, Pruitt announced he was revering the Obama administration effort to ban chlorpyrifos, adopting Dow’s position that the science showing chlorpyrifos is harmful was inconclusive and flawed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Associated Press reported in June 2017 that Pruitt announced his agency’s reversal on chlorpyrifos just 20 days after his official schedule showed a meeting with Dow CEO Andrew Liveris. At the time, Liveris headed a White House manufacturing working group, and his company had written a $1 million check to help underwrite Trump’s inaugural festivities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following AP’s report, then-EPA spokeswoman Liz Bowman said that March 9, 2017, meeting on Pruitt’s schedule never happened. Bowman said the two men had instead shared only a “brief introduction in passing” while attending the same industry conference at a Houston hotel and that they never discussed chlorpyrifos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, internal EPA emails released earlier this year following a public records lawsuit filed by The Sierra Club suggest the two men shared more than a quick handshake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Little more than a week after the conference and before Pruitt announced his decision, the EPA chief’s scheduler reached out to Liveris’ executive assistant to schedule a follow-up meeting.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hope this email finds you well!” wrote Sydney Hupp, Pruitt’s assistant, on March 20, 2017. “I am reaching out today about setting up a meeting to continue the discussion between Dow Chemical and Administrator Scott Pruitt. My apologies for the delay in getting this email into you — it has been a crazy time over here!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Subsequent emails show Hupp and Liveris’ office discussing several potential dates that the Dow CEO might come to Pruitt’s office at EPA headquarters, but it is not clear from the documents whether the two men ever linked up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liveris announced his retirement from Dow in March of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pruitt resigned July 6 amid more than a dozen ethics investigations focused on such issues as outsized security spending, first-class flights and a sweetheart condo lease for a Capitol Hill condo linked to an energy lobbyist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bowman, who left EPA in May to work for GOP Sen. Joni Ernest of Iowa, declined to comment on her earlier characterization of the March 2017 interaction between Pruitt and Liveris or what “discussion” the internal email was referring to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t work for EPA anymore,” Bowman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1929271/california-court-bans-pesticide-says-trump-administration-endangered-public-health","authors":["byline_science_1929271"],"categories":["science_35","science_39","science_40"],"tags":["science_192","science_3370","science_381","science_3322"],"featImg":"science_1929273","label":"source_science_1929271"},"science_1919474":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1919474","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1919474","score":null,"sort":[1524171626000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"battle-over-dirty-air-brewing-in-west-oakland","title":"Oakland Says Debris Company Still Polluting, Defying Court Order","publishDate":1524171626,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Oakland Says Debris Company Still Polluting, Defying Court Order | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Update: April 19, 2018\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Oakland reports the operator of a debris-hauling business has refused to halt operations, in violation of a court order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The injunction, issued April 3, ordered Moacir Santos to cease transporting debris to and from his West Oakland warehouse. The injunction followed the filing of a lawsuit by the city claiming Santos was harming air quality in the neighborhood, allowing contaminated water to flow into the city’s storm-water system and violating Oakland’s zoning laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are closely monitoring Santos’ operations and will submit evidence to the court to hold defendants in contempt if necessary,” City Attorney Barbara Parker said in a statement Thursday. “It is unconscionable and contemptible for anyone to try to profit from poisoning the neighborhood – including the children and adults who live there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city is also alleging that a man who had been speaking on behalf of the company and who identified himself as “Jim Wolf” is actually James Philip Lucero, \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndca/pr/south-bay-resident-convicted-illegal-dumping-wetlands-and-other-protected-waters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">convicted\u003c/a> in February of violating the Federal Clean Water Act for discharging waste and pollutants into protected wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santos declined to comment on the city’s most recent accusations and referred KQED to his attorney, who has yet to return a message left with his office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Original post from Feb. 8, 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Oakland has filed an environmental justice lawsuit against debris-hauling company Santos Engineering for allegedly releasing harmful dust emissions into the surrounding neighborhood and contributing to heightened levels of diesel pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The\u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandcityattorney.org/PDFS/NLC/People%20v.%20Santos%20Engineering%20et%20al.%20-%20Complaint%20(file-stamped).pdf\"> complaint\u003c/a>, filed in late January, says the company’s operations are a public nuisance that pose a “grave and immediate threat to the health and safety of Oakland residents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”Ul09RImqllzWU3EFG9cmyhOBlbfcoGyH”]City Attorney Barbara Parker wants a court to issue an injunction that would force the company to immediately suspend operations. The city is also seeking punitive damages on behalf of West Oakland residents, who say they their health has suffered since the company began operating last July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moacir Santos, the owner of the company, called the allegations baseless and accused the city of caving in to “rumors” aimed at discrediting his business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The neighbors want to shut down businesses like mine to make the area more residential,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919676\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1919676 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A diesel excavator owned by Santos Engineering sits in his facility. \u003ccite>(Amel Ahmed/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The city’s lawsuit comes shortly after a federal civil rights complaint was filed last spring by a group of black residents who say the city has compromised their health with diesel emissions. The civil rights complaint accuses the city of engaging in a “pattern of neglect and systemic disregard” for the well-being of residents, ignoring input from West Oakland neighborhoods in favor of industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, two federal agencies \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LaNXgfAe148QJJ5G8aXzleQjdLPY_kWh4oUaZ64AKSFMIHw2NIasR5q4nm3NvLPl7q0xiQZ9vMqdzSpH/view\">announced\u003c/a> last July that they were launching a formal investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘I Wake Up With My Eyes Swollen’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”HIelmBvmdH8ga9DVwNls7RrlslYCfW7j”]West Oakland residents like 71-year-old Barbara Johnson complain of experiencing symptoms like difficulty breathing, severe allergies, lightheadness and severe coughing since Santos Engineering started operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wake up with my eyes swollen,” said Johnson, who lives directly across the street from the warehouse with her two grandchildren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919481\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 367px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1919481 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-1020x1022.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"367\" height=\"368\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-1020x1022.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-800x801.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-768x769.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-1920x1923.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-1180x1182.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-960x962.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-375x376.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-520x521.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 367px) 100vw, 367px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Barbara Johnson, 71, poses with her two grandchildren, Lawrence, 8, and Marley, 10. Johnson said ever since Santos Engineering opened its operations in the neighborhood, her family has suffered from respiratory problems. \u003ccite>(Amel Ahmed / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Shortly after the company opened, Johnson says she began noticing coatings of dust on neighborhood cars and homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dust got so bad, she said, that she had to send her grandchildren away to stay with relatives during the recent winter break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We let them get away so they can breathe and get fresh air,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A report issued by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District said an inspector who visited the facility in September observed dust emissions and a large diesel excavator that was being used to load construction debris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No water was being used to control fugitive dust which was drifting out of the building,” the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The complaint also alleges that the company uses a diesel excavator to pulverize construction material such as drywall, a known source of asbestos, and fiberglass, an irritant that can aggravate respiratory disorders such as asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘ I need guidance from the city.’\u003ccite>Moacir Santos, Santos Engineering\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Santos denied storing any drywall and fiberglass in his facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland Fire Department conducted its own inspection in January and found the company to be in violation of the city’s fire regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city also accuses the company of allowing its trucks to drive along prohibited residential streets, contributing to heightened levels of diesel pollution in West Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Santos said that he has been fully cooperative with the city and that he has made all the requested modifications to his facility following the citations he received from the fire department and BAAQMD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a recent tour of his facility, Santos pointed to some of these corrective measures, including adding overhead ventilation panels and installing a sprinkler system to wash away stray dust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After the inspector came here, I made all the changes they asked me to and emailed the inspector pictures as proof,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Far from being a bad neighbor, Santos said, he has even employed local homeless people to clean his trucks in an effort to promote positive community relations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been paying the homeless to wash my trucks to make the dust go down,” he said. When asked where the dust came from, Santos blamed it on other “passing trucks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santos said that at this point, he is not sure what more can be done to stop the neighbors from complaining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I need guidance from the city,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Environmental Injustice’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For City Attorney Parker, however, actions taken by Santos don’t go far enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can make some changes but it’s not fixing the bigger problem,” said Alex Katz, Parker’s chief of staff. “Neighbors to this day are still complaining about the dust.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in a neighborhood historically plagued by air pollution, the complaint says the community has suffered long enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘This is the story of environmental racism and unequal protection.’\u003ccite>Robert Bullard, Texas Southern University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As the country’s fifth largest container port, West Oakland is littered with rail and trucking facilities. The city has 90 times more diesel pollution per square mile on average than the rest of the state, according to a 2013 \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacinst.org/reports/diesel/clearing_the_air_final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> by the nonprofit Pacific Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who live in West Oakland can expect to live nine years less than other Californians due to the poor air quality, according to a 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.acphd.org/media/401560/cumulative-health-impacts-east-west-oakland.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Poor neighborhoods like West Oakland are often disproportionately exposed to toxic facilities, according to the complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scholar Robert Bullard, widely known as the father of the environmental justice movement, called the accusations against Santos Engineering a “textbook case” of environmental injustice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the story of environmental racism and unequal protection. The fact that you have dust blowing across this vulnerable community, actions should be taken to immediately halt this operation,” said Bullard, a distinguished professor at Texas Southern University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies have shown that hazardous industrial facilities tend to be located in communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One landmark \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/toxic-wastes-and-race-at-twenty-1987-2007.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> spanning 20 years found that more than half of the people who live within 1.86 miles of toxic waste facilities are people of color. Their proximity to hazardous sites exposes them to higher rates of air pollution than people in predominantly white neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Generally, it takes more time and effort to get these industries to stop when it’s happening in a low-income or community of color than in a white affluent community in the suburbs,” Bullard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, Santos said he has no problem with making additional modifications to his facility, including dealing with the alleged dust problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If dust is the problem, I’ll resolve all this in 20 to 25,000 dollars. I can make this place perfect.” He added that city inspectors have never actually tested his facility for toxins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Katz said the city isn’t required to test the facility in order to file a public nuisance claim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a business that hauls construction debris from all over the Bay Area. And while no one has gone out and collected the dust to test it, if the neighbors are still complaining . . . our office considers this to be serious enough to ask the court to intervene.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city now waits to see if a judge agrees with them and issues an order to stop the company’s operations.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A West Oakland community is battling a debris-hauling company over its alleged poisoning of air and water. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927984,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":52,"wordCount":1513},"headData":{"title":"Oakland Says Debris Company Still Polluting, Defying Court Order | KQED","description":"A West Oakland community is battling a debris-hauling company over its alleged poisoning of air and water. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Oakland Says Debris Company Still Polluting, Defying Court Order","datePublished":"2018-04-19T21:00:26.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:06:24.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Environment","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1919474/battle-over-dirty-air-brewing-in-west-oakland","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Update: April 19, 2018\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Oakland reports the operator of a debris-hauling business has refused to halt operations, in violation of a court order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The injunction, issued April 3, ordered Moacir Santos to cease transporting debris to and from his West Oakland warehouse. The injunction followed the filing of a lawsuit by the city claiming Santos was harming air quality in the neighborhood, allowing contaminated water to flow into the city’s storm-water system and violating Oakland’s zoning laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are closely monitoring Santos’ operations and will submit evidence to the court to hold defendants in contempt if necessary,” City Attorney Barbara Parker said in a statement Thursday. “It is unconscionable and contemptible for anyone to try to profit from poisoning the neighborhood – including the children and adults who live there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city is also alleging that a man who had been speaking on behalf of the company and who identified himself as “Jim Wolf” is actually James Philip Lucero, \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndca/pr/south-bay-resident-convicted-illegal-dumping-wetlands-and-other-protected-waters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">convicted\u003c/a> in February of violating the Federal Clean Water Act for discharging waste and pollutants into protected wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santos declined to comment on the city’s most recent accusations and referred KQED to his attorney, who has yet to return a message left with his office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Original post from Feb. 8, 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Oakland has filed an environmental justice lawsuit against debris-hauling company Santos Engineering for allegedly releasing harmful dust emissions into the surrounding neighborhood and contributing to heightened levels of diesel pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The\u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandcityattorney.org/PDFS/NLC/People%20v.%20Santos%20Engineering%20et%20al.%20-%20Complaint%20(file-stamped).pdf\"> complaint\u003c/a>, filed in late January, says the company’s operations are a public nuisance that pose a “grave and immediate threat to the health and safety of Oakland residents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>City Attorney Barbara Parker wants a court to issue an injunction that would force the company to immediately suspend operations. The city is also seeking punitive damages on behalf of West Oakland residents, who say they their health has suffered since the company began operating last July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moacir Santos, the owner of the company, called the allegations baseless and accused the city of caving in to “rumors” aimed at discrediting his business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The neighbors want to shut down businesses like mine to make the area more residential,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919676\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1919676 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A diesel excavator owned by Santos Engineering sits in his facility. \u003ccite>(Amel Ahmed/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The city’s lawsuit comes shortly after a federal civil rights complaint was filed last spring by a group of black residents who say the city has compromised their health with diesel emissions. The civil rights complaint accuses the city of engaging in a “pattern of neglect and systemic disregard” for the well-being of residents, ignoring input from West Oakland neighborhoods in favor of industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, two federal agencies \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LaNXgfAe148QJJ5G8aXzleQjdLPY_kWh4oUaZ64AKSFMIHw2NIasR5q4nm3NvLPl7q0xiQZ9vMqdzSpH/view\">announced\u003c/a> last July that they were launching a formal investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘I Wake Up With My Eyes Swollen’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>West Oakland residents like 71-year-old Barbara Johnson complain of experiencing symptoms like difficulty breathing, severe allergies, lightheadness and severe coughing since Santos Engineering started operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wake up with my eyes swollen,” said Johnson, who lives directly across the street from the warehouse with her two grandchildren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919481\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 367px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1919481 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-1020x1022.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"367\" height=\"368\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-1020x1022.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-800x801.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-768x769.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-1920x1923.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-1180x1182.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-960x962.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-375x376.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-520x521.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 367px) 100vw, 367px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Barbara Johnson, 71, poses with her two grandchildren, Lawrence, 8, and Marley, 10. Johnson said ever since Santos Engineering opened its operations in the neighborhood, her family has suffered from respiratory problems. \u003ccite>(Amel Ahmed / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Shortly after the company opened, Johnson says she began noticing coatings of dust on neighborhood cars and homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dust got so bad, she said, that she had to send her grandchildren away to stay with relatives during the recent winter break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We let them get away so they can breathe and get fresh air,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A report issued by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District said an inspector who visited the facility in September observed dust emissions and a large diesel excavator that was being used to load construction debris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No water was being used to control fugitive dust which was drifting out of the building,” the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The complaint also alleges that the company uses a diesel excavator to pulverize construction material such as drywall, a known source of asbestos, and fiberglass, an irritant that can aggravate respiratory disorders such as asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘ I need guidance from the city.’\u003ccite>Moacir Santos, Santos Engineering\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Santos denied storing any drywall and fiberglass in his facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland Fire Department conducted its own inspection in January and found the company to be in violation of the city’s fire regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city also accuses the company of allowing its trucks to drive along prohibited residential streets, contributing to heightened levels of diesel pollution in West Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Santos said that he has been fully cooperative with the city and that he has made all the requested modifications to his facility following the citations he received from the fire department and BAAQMD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a recent tour of his facility, Santos pointed to some of these corrective measures, including adding overhead ventilation panels and installing a sprinkler system to wash away stray dust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After the inspector came here, I made all the changes they asked me to and emailed the inspector pictures as proof,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Far from being a bad neighbor, Santos said, he has even employed local homeless people to clean his trucks in an effort to promote positive community relations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been paying the homeless to wash my trucks to make the dust go down,” he said. When asked where the dust came from, Santos blamed it on other “passing trucks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santos said that at this point, he is not sure what more can be done to stop the neighbors from complaining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I need guidance from the city,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Environmental Injustice’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For City Attorney Parker, however, actions taken by Santos don’t go far enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can make some changes but it’s not fixing the bigger problem,” said Alex Katz, Parker’s chief of staff. “Neighbors to this day are still complaining about the dust.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in a neighborhood historically plagued by air pollution, the complaint says the community has suffered long enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘This is the story of environmental racism and unequal protection.’\u003ccite>Robert Bullard, Texas Southern University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As the country’s fifth largest container port, West Oakland is littered with rail and trucking facilities. The city has 90 times more diesel pollution per square mile on average than the rest of the state, according to a 2013 \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacinst.org/reports/diesel/clearing_the_air_final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> by the nonprofit Pacific Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who live in West Oakland can expect to live nine years less than other Californians due to the poor air quality, according to a 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.acphd.org/media/401560/cumulative-health-impacts-east-west-oakland.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Poor neighborhoods like West Oakland are often disproportionately exposed to toxic facilities, according to the complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scholar Robert Bullard, widely known as the father of the environmental justice movement, called the accusations against Santos Engineering a “textbook case” of environmental injustice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the story of environmental racism and unequal protection. The fact that you have dust blowing across this vulnerable community, actions should be taken to immediately halt this operation,” said Bullard, a distinguished professor at Texas Southern University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies have shown that hazardous industrial facilities tend to be located in communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One landmark \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/toxic-wastes-and-race-at-twenty-1987-2007.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> spanning 20 years found that more than half of the people who live within 1.86 miles of toxic waste facilities are people of color. Their proximity to hazardous sites exposes them to higher rates of air pollution than people in predominantly white neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Generally, it takes more time and effort to get these industries to stop when it’s happening in a low-income or community of color than in a white affluent community in the suburbs,” Bullard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, Santos said he has no problem with making additional modifications to his facility, including dealing with the alleged dust problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If dust is the problem, I’ll resolve all this in 20 to 25,000 dollars. I can make this place perfect.” He added that city inspectors have never actually tested his facility for toxins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Katz said the city isn’t required to test the facility in order to file a public nuisance claim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a business that hauls construction debris from all over the Bay Area. And while no one has gone out and collected the dust to test it, if the neighbors are still complaining . . . our office considers this to be serious enough to ask the court to intervene.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city now waits to see if a judge agrees with them and issues an order to stop the company’s operations.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1919474/battle-over-dirty-air-brewing-in-west-oakland","authors":["11428"],"categories":["science_35","science_39","science_40"],"tags":["science_505","science_1754","science_3370","science_813","science_554","science_381","science_3532"],"featImg":"science_1919479","label":"source_science_1919474"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. 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