As April Begins, California's Snowpack is About Half of Normal
After a Dry January, California Snowpack is Trending Below Normal
California Snowpack Starts Off the Year at Nearly Normal
California's Indomitable Snowman Talks Snowpack Tech in a Changing Climate
California’s Water Supply at Risk From Warmer Winters
Sierra Snow Survey Offers Little Hope as Drought Lingers
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That’s due to more than a year of dry weather. During rainy season in 2020, the state saw just 39% average rainfall the last three months of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measurements from officials with the California Department of Water Resources show the snowpack near Lake Tahoe at about 93% of February’s historical average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sean de Guzman, chief of DWR’s Snow Surveys and Water Supply Forecasting Section, recorded a snow depth of 63 inches and a snow-water content of 17 inches at Phillips Station snow course, south of Lake Tahoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statewide automated snow sensor network as of Wednesday morning reported the snowpack at 70% of average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“\u003c/em>The state has experienced a series of storms over the last couple of weeks that brought a significant amount of rain and snow,” de Guzman said. “However, these storms were not nearly enough to make up the deficit that we have accumulated over the last few months.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A sustained La Niña, which is cold water on the surface of the Equatorial Pacific that affects weather across the globe, has stalled a ridge of high pressure over California and diverted storms that might normally have pelted the state over the Pacific Northwest instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reporter Paul Rogers of the Mercury News \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/02/02/sierra-snow-grows-but-bay-area-has-3rd-biggest-rainfall-deficit-since-1849/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">notes\u003c/a> California’s current water story needs to be told in two parts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the recent atmospheric river brought blizzard conditions across the Sierra, the Bay Area is “stuck in one of the worst two-year rainfall deficits seen since the 1849 Gold Rush,” Rogers writes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the beginning of February, San Francisco had received only about 17 inches of rain since July 1, 2019. From the Mercury News:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>… San Francisco is 20.13 inches behind normal for last winter, and this winter so far, combined. That makes the past 19 months the third-driest such period in San Francisco in 172 years, when records first began in 1849. …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only two similar 19-month periods that were drier than the current one were from July 1975 to January 1977 — the middle of a historic drought — and July 1897 to January 1899. The rainfall deficit is drawing increasing attention from water managers, who say that unless February and March bring numerous major storms to boost reservoir levels, water restrictions may return to Northern California communities this summer.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>“Last year we began digging a big hole. And this year we continued digging,” meteorologist Jan Null told Rogers. “We would need something monumental and probably catastrophic to get out of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meteorologists say California’s February rain outlook does not look good, with high pressure and a likely return to below average precipitation for two weeks, at least.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/weather_west/status/1355978523756830721?s=21\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As of Wednesday morning, the state's snowpack was at 70% of average.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846778,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":558},"headData":{"title":"Sierra Snow Piles Up, But Snowpack Still Lagging | KQED","description":"As of Wednesday morning, the state's snowpack was at 70% of average.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Sierra Snow Piles Up, But Snowpack Still Lagging","datePublished":"2021-02-04T01:06:31.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:32:58.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Water","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1972607/sierra-snow-piles-up-but-snowpack-still-lagging","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s water supply is looking a lot more robust after an atmospheric river blanketed the Northern Sierra Nevada with snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week’s storm deluged Mammoth Mountain with nearly 9 feet of powder and enveloped Kirkwood, Alpine Meadows and Squaw Valley with about 7 feet of fresh snow.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1355616577106833410"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>But all that white stuff wasn’t quite enough to push the state’s snowpack above average for this time of year. That’s due to more than a year of dry weather. During rainy season in 2020, the state saw just 39% average rainfall the last three months of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measurements from officials with the California Department of Water Resources show the snowpack near Lake Tahoe at about 93% of February’s historical average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sean de Guzman, chief of DWR’s Snow Surveys and Water Supply Forecasting Section, recorded a snow depth of 63 inches and a snow-water content of 17 inches at Phillips Station snow course, south of Lake Tahoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statewide automated snow sensor network as of Wednesday morning reported the snowpack at 70% of average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“\u003c/em>The state has experienced a series of storms over the last couple of weeks that brought a significant amount of rain and snow,” de Guzman said. “However, these storms were not nearly enough to make up the deficit that we have accumulated over the last few months.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A sustained La Niña, which is cold water on the surface of the Equatorial Pacific that affects weather across the globe, has stalled a ridge of high pressure over California and diverted storms that might normally have pelted the state over the Pacific Northwest instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reporter Paul Rogers of the Mercury News \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/02/02/sierra-snow-grows-but-bay-area-has-3rd-biggest-rainfall-deficit-since-1849/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">notes\u003c/a> California’s current water story needs to be told in two parts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the recent atmospheric river brought blizzard conditions across the Sierra, the Bay Area is “stuck in one of the worst two-year rainfall deficits seen since the 1849 Gold Rush,” Rogers writes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the beginning of February, San Francisco had received only about 17 inches of rain since July 1, 2019. From the Mercury News:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>… San Francisco is 20.13 inches behind normal for last winter, and this winter so far, combined. That makes the past 19 months the third-driest such period in San Francisco in 172 years, when records first began in 1849. …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only two similar 19-month periods that were drier than the current one were from July 1975 to January 1977 — the middle of a historic drought — and July 1897 to January 1899. The rainfall deficit is drawing increasing attention from water managers, who say that unless February and March bring numerous major storms to boost reservoir levels, water restrictions may return to Northern California communities this summer.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>“Last year we began digging a big hole. And this year we continued digging,” meteorologist Jan Null told Rogers. “We would need something monumental and probably catastrophic to get out of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meteorologists say California’s February rain outlook does not look good, with high pressure and a likely return to below average precipitation for two weeks, at least.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1355978523756830721"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1972607/sierra-snow-piles-up-but-snowpack-still-lagging","authors":["11608"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_40","science_4450","science_98","science_3730"],"tags":["science_1243","science_201"],"featImg":"science_1972610","label":"source_science_1972607"},"science_1960807":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1960807","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1960807","score":null,"sort":[1585787629000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"as-april-begins-californias-snowpack-is-about-half-of-normal","title":"As April Begins, California's Snowpack is About Half of Normal","publishDate":1585787629,"format":"standard","headTitle":"As April Begins, California’s Snowpack is About Half of Normal | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>California water officials announced Wednesday that snowpack across the Sierra Nevada is measuring \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/snowapp/sweq.action\">53 percent\u003c/a> of the historical average for the start of April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/\">Department of Water Resources\u003c/a> (DWR) conducted the fourth monthly snow survey of the season today at Phillips Station snow course south of Lake Tahoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR spokesman Chris Orrock says the region experienced a handful of big snow storms in March, but they weren’t enough to make up for a dry January and one of the driest Februaries on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year we’re probably going to have one of the 10 worst snowpacks in California history,” says Orrock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists in California closely monitor Sierra snowpack leading up to April 1st, around the time when the spring runoff typically begins. The water that melts off the snowpack helps to replenish California’s reservoirs in dry months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water from melting Sierra snowpack accounts for about 30 percent of California’s annual water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orrock says the majority of that snowpack accumulates from December through the end of March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“April 1st is kind of our benchmark. Typically that’s when we see the deepest snowpack with the most water,” says Orrock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past decade, Sierra snowpack totals have varied significantly from year to year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the past 10 years, we’ve seen three of our smallest snowpacks on record, but we’ve also seen three of our largest snowpacks on record,” said Sean de Guzman, DWR’s chief of Snow Survey and Water Supply Forecast Section, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While 2020 will go down as a dry year, Orrock says runoff from last year’s snowpack, which was was well above average, has left the state’s major reservoirs near — or above — average for this time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water officials say climate change has played a role in the variability observed in California’s snowpack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While today’s survey results show our snowpack is better off than it was just last month, they still underscore the need for widespread, wise use of our water supplies,” said DWR Director Karla Nemeth in a statement. “California’s climate continues to show extreme unpredictability, and February’s record dryness is a clear example of the extremes associated with climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CA_DWR/status/1245483339470929920\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As the wet season winds down, state water officials say snowpack across the Sierra Nevada is about half of what's normal.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704847603,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":408},"headData":{"title":"As April Begins, California's Snowpack is About Half of Normal | KQED","description":"As the wet season winds down, state water officials say snowpack across the Sierra Nevada is about half of what's normal.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"As April Begins, California's Snowpack is About Half of Normal","datePublished":"2020-04-02T00:33:49.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:46:43.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Water","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1960807/as-april-begins-californias-snowpack-is-about-half-of-normal","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California water officials announced Wednesday that snowpack across the Sierra Nevada is measuring \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/snowapp/sweq.action\">53 percent\u003c/a> of the historical average for the start of April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/\">Department of Water Resources\u003c/a> (DWR) conducted the fourth monthly snow survey of the season today at Phillips Station snow course south of Lake Tahoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR spokesman Chris Orrock says the region experienced a handful of big snow storms in March, but they weren’t enough to make up for a dry January and one of the driest Februaries on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year we’re probably going to have one of the 10 worst snowpacks in California history,” says Orrock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists in California closely monitor Sierra snowpack leading up to April 1st, around the time when the spring runoff typically begins. The water that melts off the snowpack helps to replenish California’s reservoirs in dry months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water from melting Sierra snowpack accounts for about 30 percent of California’s annual water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orrock says the majority of that snowpack accumulates from December through the end of March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“April 1st is kind of our benchmark. Typically that’s when we see the deepest snowpack with the most water,” says Orrock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past decade, Sierra snowpack totals have varied significantly from year to year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the past 10 years, we’ve seen three of our smallest snowpacks on record, but we’ve also seen three of our largest snowpacks on record,” said Sean de Guzman, DWR’s chief of Snow Survey and Water Supply Forecast Section, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While 2020 will go down as a dry year, Orrock says runoff from last year’s snowpack, which was was well above average, has left the state’s major reservoirs near — or above — average for this time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water officials say climate change has played a role in the variability observed in California’s snowpack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While today’s survey results show our snowpack is better off than it was just last month, they still underscore the need for widespread, wise use of our water supplies,” said DWR Director Karla Nemeth in a statement. “California’s climate continues to show extreme unpredictability, and February’s record dryness is a clear example of the extremes associated with climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1245483339470929920"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1960807/as-april-begins-californias-snowpack-is-about-half-of-normal","authors":["11368"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_2397","science_1462","science_1243","science_1127","science_110"],"featImg":"science_1602282","label":"source_science_1960807"},"science_1956314":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1956314","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1956314","score":null,"sort":[1580413485000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"after-a-dry-january-california-snowpack-is-trending-below-normal","title":"After a Dry January, California Snowpack is Trending Below Normal","publishDate":1580413485,"format":"standard","headTitle":"After a Dry January, California Snowpack is Trending Below Normal | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>State water officials say the snowpack near Lake Tahoe is 79 percent of the historical average for this time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/News/News-Releases/2020/January-2020-Snow-Survey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Department of Water Resources\u003c/a> conducted the second monthly snow survey of the year Thursday morning at Phillips Station snow course in the Sierra Nevada, south of Lake Tahoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one of 260 stations that measures snowpack statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snowpack across the state is averaging 72 percent of what’s normal for the start of February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR’s Jan. 2 snow survey tracked the Sierra snowpack at close to average for the beginning of the year. But California experienced a dry January that slowed the accumulation of snowpack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In comparison to where we were just a month ago … snow and precipitation statewide were well below average,” said Sean de Guzman, chief of DWR’s Snow Surveys and Water Supply Forecasting Section.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CA_DWR/status/1222981468147740672\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1936797/why-we-cant-stop-talking-about-californias-sierra-snowpack\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">record snowpack\u003c/a> as Snow Water Equivalent (also known as Snow Water Content); it measures how much water the snow contains. They record the depth in inches that would be produced by melting the snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data helps scientists determine how much water will melt during the spring and summer months to replenish California’s reservoirs. The runoff of melting Sierra snow provides about one-third of California’s \u003ca href=\"https://sierranevada.ca.gov/ca-primary-watershed/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">water supply\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite this month’s below average snowpack measurements, de Guzman says the water supply in California’s reservoirs is currently in good shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Luckily, our reservoirs statewide are either at or above their historical averages for this time of year thanks, in part, to just how wet of a water year 2019 was,” de Guzman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California typically receives about half of its annual precipitation in the months of December, January and February. De Guzman says a few big storms could bring the state’s snowpack back on track for 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We still need to wait and see what the next few months will bring us,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water officials will continue to monitor snowpack through April 1, when it typically reaches its peak and the spring runoff begins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"State water officials say the Sierra Nevada snowpack is measuring below average for this time of year.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704847844,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":367},"headData":{"title":"After a Dry January, California Snowpack is Trending Below Normal | KQED","description":"State water officials say the Sierra Nevada snowpack is measuring below average for this time of year.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"After a Dry January, California Snowpack is Trending Below Normal","datePublished":"2020-01-30T19:44:45.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:50:44.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Water","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1956314/after-a-dry-january-california-snowpack-is-trending-below-normal","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/f9a13f91-eb95-4836-9407-ab53012a9069/audio.mp3","audioDuration":59000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>State water officials say the snowpack near Lake Tahoe is 79 percent of the historical average for this time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/News/News-Releases/2020/January-2020-Snow-Survey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Department of Water Resources\u003c/a> conducted the second monthly snow survey of the year Thursday morning at Phillips Station snow course in the Sierra Nevada, south of Lake Tahoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one of 260 stations that measures snowpack statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snowpack across the state is averaging 72 percent of what’s normal for the start of February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR’s Jan. 2 snow survey tracked the Sierra snowpack at close to average for the beginning of the year. But California experienced a dry January that slowed the accumulation of snowpack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In comparison to where we were just a month ago … snow and precipitation statewide were well below average,” said Sean de Guzman, chief of DWR’s Snow Surveys and Water Supply Forecasting Section.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1222981468147740672"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Scientists \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1936797/why-we-cant-stop-talking-about-californias-sierra-snowpack\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">record snowpack\u003c/a> as Snow Water Equivalent (also known as Snow Water Content); it measures how much water the snow contains. They record the depth in inches that would be produced by melting the snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data helps scientists determine how much water will melt during the spring and summer months to replenish California’s reservoirs. The runoff of melting Sierra snow provides about one-third of California’s \u003ca href=\"https://sierranevada.ca.gov/ca-primary-watershed/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">water supply\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite this month’s below average snowpack measurements, de Guzman says the water supply in California’s reservoirs is currently in good shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Luckily, our reservoirs statewide are either at or above their historical averages for this time of year thanks, in part, to just how wet of a water year 2019 was,” de Guzman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California typically receives about half of its annual precipitation in the months of December, January and February. De Guzman says a few big storms could bring the state’s snowpack back on track for 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We still need to wait and see what the next few months will bring us,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water officials will continue to monitor snowpack through April 1, when it typically reaches its peak and the spring runoff begins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1956314/after-a-dry-january-california-snowpack-is-trending-below-normal","authors":["11368"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_3180","science_3370","science_5185","science_1462","science_1243","science_1127"],"featImg":"science_1956335","label":"source_science_1956314"},"science_1954436":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1954436","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1954436","score":null,"sort":[1578003757000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-snowpack-starts-off-the-year-at-nearly-normal","title":"California Snowpack Starts Off the Year at Nearly Normal","publishDate":1578003757,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Snowpack Starts Off the Year at Nearly Normal | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">State water officials say the snowpack near Lake Tahoe is 97% of the historical average for this time of year. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sean de Guzman, chief of the \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/News/News-Releases/2020/January-2020-Snow-Survey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Department of Water Resources’\u003c/a> Snow Surveys and Water Supply Forecasting Section, conducted the first manual snow survey of the season Thursday at Phillips Station in the Sierra Nevada, south of Lake Tahoe in El Dorado County.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one of 260 stations that measures snowpack statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De Guzman said the snowpack across the Sierra Nevada is 90% of average for this time of year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1936797/why-we-cant-stop-talking-about-californias-sierra-snowpack\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">record snowpack\u003c/a> as Snow Water Content, which measures how much water is contained within the snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That way we know basically how much water will eventually melt during the spring and summer months to refill all of our reservoirs,” de Guzman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CA_DWR/status/1212831660305088512?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">California’s water season started off slowly, with little rain in October and early November, but state climatologist Michael Anderson said late-November and December storms were a big help.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR tracks snowpack leading up to April first, when the spring runoff typically begins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson says the weather over the next few months will go a long way in determining how much water will be stored up for the spring and summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We experience fantastic variability here in California, not only year-to-year, but within the year,” Anderson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given that large variability, it’s really difficult to say now where we’re at versus what the outlook will be when we get to April one.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The state's snow season began slowly with a dry October. But late November and December storms were a big help.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704847943,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":274},"headData":{"title":"California Snowpack Starts Off the Year at Nearly Normal | KQED","description":"The state's snow season began slowly with a dry October. But late November and December storms were a big help.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California Snowpack Starts Off the Year at Nearly Normal","datePublished":"2020-01-02T22:22:37.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:52:23.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Water","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1954436/california-snowpack-starts-off-the-year-at-nearly-normal","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">State water officials say the snowpack near Lake Tahoe is 97% of the historical average for this time of year. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sean de Guzman, chief of the \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/News/News-Releases/2020/January-2020-Snow-Survey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Department of Water Resources’\u003c/a> Snow Surveys and Water Supply Forecasting Section, conducted the first manual snow survey of the season Thursday at Phillips Station in the Sierra Nevada, south of Lake Tahoe in El Dorado County.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one of 260 stations that measures snowpack statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De Guzman said the snowpack across the Sierra Nevada is 90% of average for this time of year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1936797/why-we-cant-stop-talking-about-californias-sierra-snowpack\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">record snowpack\u003c/a> as Snow Water Content, which measures how much water is contained within the snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That way we know basically how much water will eventually melt during the spring and summer months to refill all of our reservoirs,” de Guzman said.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1212831660305088512"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">California’s water season started off slowly, with little rain in October and early November, but state climatologist Michael Anderson said late-November and December storms were a big help.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR tracks snowpack leading up to April first, when the spring runoff typically begins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson says the weather over the next few months will go a long way in determining how much water will be stored up for the spring and summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We experience fantastic variability here in California, not only year-to-year, but within the year,” Anderson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given that large variability, it’s really difficult to say now where we’re at versus what the outlook will be when we get to April one.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1954436/california-snowpack-starts-off-the-year-at-nearly-normal","authors":["11368"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_2397","science_3905","science_1462","science_1243","science_1127"],"featImg":"science_1954450","label":"source_science_1954436"},"science_1936327":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1936327","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1936327","score":null,"sort":[1546848077000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californias-snow-guru-on-advances-in-snowpack-tech-and-the-future-of-california-water","title":"California's Indomitable Snowman Talks Snowpack Tech in a Changing Climate","publishDate":1546848077,"format":"audio","headTitle":"California’s Indomitable Snowman Talks Snowpack Tech in a Changing Climate | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Frank Gehrke says that back in Missouri, where he was raised, snow was “something to be plowed.” He would soon take a very different view.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/airborne-snow-observatory-aso/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Airborne Snow Observatory\u003c/a> was a game-changer, says Frank Gehrke, California’s former chief snow surveyor.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In December, Gehrke retired as chief snow surveyor for the California Department of Water Resources. He spent much of his 31 years with the department on skis and snowshoes, in remote corners of the Sierra Nevada, \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/Programs/Flood-Management/Flood-Data/Snow-Surveys\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">measuring the “frozen reservoir”\u003c/a> that ultimately provides about a third of California’s water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was also the guy flanking Gov. Jerry Brown in late March of 2015, when there was no snow to measure and Brown announced \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/28837/record-low-sierra-snowpack-will-drive-home-drought-impacts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sweeping drought measures\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after his retirement, I met Gehrke near his home on the American River, for some reflections. The following is an edited transcript.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s it like not being involved in the snow surveys after all this time?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a little bittersweet. But by the same token it’s a relief not to have those worries about what could go wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What was it like to see the monthly surveys become a media event?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I first came to work for the department in 1987, there would be an occasional call from the media about when we were doing the survey. And then as things evolved in that first five-year drought, I realized that when the media brought their own snowshoes they were serious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1936343\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Snow_Sur_215-6_11_14_1958.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1936343\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Snow_Sur_215-6_11_14_1958.jpg\" alt=\"Photo: 1958 snow survey\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Snow_Sur_215-6_11_14_1958.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Snow_Sur_215-6_11_14_1958-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Snow_Sur_215-6_11_14_1958-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Snow_Sur_215-6_11_14_1958-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Snow_Sur_215-6_11_14_1958-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Snow_Sur_215-6_11_14_1958-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Snow_Sur_215-6_11_14_1958-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Snow_Sur_215-6_11_14_1958-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Snow_Sur_215-6_11_14_1958-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Snow_Sur_215-6_11_14_1958-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Snow_Sur_215-6_11_14_1958-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Surveyors using a Mt. Rose snow gauge to measure water content in 1958. Manual surveys are still done the same way. \u003ccite>(Calif. Dept. of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It seems like the technology has really changed since you started in 1987.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well it has, and the real game-changer is what’s known as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/airborne-snow-observatory-aso/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Airborne Snow Observatory\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>A Disappointing Start\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/KJ_snow_survey_0463_01_03_19.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first manual snow survey of the winter, conducted on Jan. 3, showed water content of the Sierra snowpack at just 67 percent of the long-term average, but that still beats last year at this time, when it was 31 percent of normal. Keep in mind the snowpack water content can change dramatically as the winter months progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>These are guys from NASA basically flying over the mountains in a plane, using light beams to measure the snow?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Absolutely. We started that. And that truly has been the huge change in all of the history of snow surveys. Being able to look at this basin-wide snow-water equivalent truly is phenomenal. And because we now can very accurately determine the snow in a basin, then we can start to look at some of the other factors that go into runoff prediction and examine those with the idea that the snow is now a known quantity. We’re not guessing or trying to estimate. We know how much snow is up there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How important are these precision measurements?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, they’re hugely important, especially as things are changing. Predictions are for less snow, more rain, so being able to accurately determine where the snow is and how much there is makes a big difference in terms of your modeling for those short-term flood events, and also for more long-term water-supply forecasting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s also very important, for example down in the Tuolumne River watershed, where our highest ground-based measurement is at about 10,000 feet. Fully a third of the watershed is above that measurement point. So if you get into a spring situation where the snow has basically melted up to 10,000 feet, you’re flying blind — or you were prior to the Airborne Snow Observatory. And the ability to look at that, especially that late-spring runoff, can be extremely important for determining reservoir levels and managing that reservoir capacity for the benefit of both flood control as well as water supply and hydroelectric and a number of other benefits that you can more accurately monitor the reservoir and make intelligent decisions about releases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/J9tn1/5/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n \u003cstrong>You’ve been doing this over the past 30 years. What changes have you seen in the snowpack?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually not very much. We talk about the seasonal or inter-annual variability.[How California whipsaws between wet and dry years]. And those swings can mask perhaps a longer-term signal that’s in there. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/factpub/sect_4a.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">snow-course\u003c/a> record, people look at it and they tweak it and some people see a signal, others don’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(Editor’s note: Recent scientific \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1923700/impact-of-a-warming-climate-on-the-sierra-nevada-and-californias-water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">studies have projected\u003c/a> that the Sierra snowpack could shrink by nearly 80 percent by 2100, and timing of the runoff could change dramatically.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you worry at all about California’s water future?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even now, there is a lot of water in California. But it doesn’t come with the timing and the location of where we as a civilization really want it. That’s where I think technology can do a great deal. We probably aren’t going to be moving more water than we are right now; it’s unlikely we’ll be building any giant new pipelines or something. But what we’ll be able to do is identify where the water is, when it occurs, and improve that accuracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in 2019, we don’t know what water the rest of the year is going to bring. And if we could improve that, even a little bit, it would go a long way toward being able to manage what we have right now in terms of physical infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>How do they do the manual snow surveys? Find out in this video from 2010, when I trailed Gehrke out to Tamarack Flat in El Dorado County.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xojdkhJwZxY&w=560&h=315]\u003cstrong>Speaking of technology, when does skiing up into a pass and shoving aluminum tubes into the snow to weigh the water content become obsolete?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I can see the number of surveys being reduced. But I think, at least for the foreseeable future, they’re still what we use to verify everything else. Even though we have very advanced models, you still need that ground truth to ensure that something hasn’t gone haywire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Frank Gehrke wasn't the only one to plod into mountain meadows to measure the snowpack, but over 31 years he became the face and voice of California's monthly snow surveys.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927222,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/J9tn1/5/"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":1070},"headData":{"title":"California's Indomitable Snowman Talks Snowpack Tech in a Changing Climate | KQED","description":"Frank Gehrke wasn't the only one to plod into mountain meadows to measure the snowpack, but over 31 years he became the face and voice of California's monthly snow surveys.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California's Indomitable Snowman Talks Snowpack Tech in a Changing Climate","datePublished":"2019-01-07T08:01:17.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T22:53:42.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Water","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2019/01/MillerGehrkeRetire.mp3","sticky":false,"audioTrackLength":284,"path":"/science/1936327/californias-snow-guru-on-advances-in-snowpack-tech-and-the-future-of-california-water","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Frank Gehrke says that back in Missouri, where he was raised, snow was “something to be plowed.” He would soon take a very different view.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/airborne-snow-observatory-aso/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Airborne Snow Observatory\u003c/a> was a game-changer, says Frank Gehrke, California’s former chief snow surveyor.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In December, Gehrke retired as chief snow surveyor for the California Department of Water Resources. He spent much of his 31 years with the department on skis and snowshoes, in remote corners of the Sierra Nevada, \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/Programs/Flood-Management/Flood-Data/Snow-Surveys\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">measuring the “frozen reservoir”\u003c/a> that ultimately provides about a third of California’s water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was also the guy flanking Gov. Jerry Brown in late March of 2015, when there was no snow to measure and Brown announced \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/28837/record-low-sierra-snowpack-will-drive-home-drought-impacts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sweeping drought measures\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after his retirement, I met Gehrke near his home on the American River, for some reflections. The following is an edited transcript.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s it like not being involved in the snow surveys after all this time?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a little bittersweet. But by the same token it’s a relief not to have those worries about what could go wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What was it like to see the monthly surveys become a media event?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I first came to work for the department in 1987, there would be an occasional call from the media about when we were doing the survey. And then as things evolved in that first five-year drought, I realized that when the media brought their own snowshoes they were serious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1936343\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Snow_Sur_215-6_11_14_1958.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1936343\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Snow_Sur_215-6_11_14_1958.jpg\" alt=\"Photo: 1958 snow survey\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Snow_Sur_215-6_11_14_1958.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Snow_Sur_215-6_11_14_1958-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Snow_Sur_215-6_11_14_1958-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Snow_Sur_215-6_11_14_1958-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Snow_Sur_215-6_11_14_1958-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Snow_Sur_215-6_11_14_1958-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Snow_Sur_215-6_11_14_1958-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Snow_Sur_215-6_11_14_1958-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Snow_Sur_215-6_11_14_1958-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Snow_Sur_215-6_11_14_1958-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Snow_Sur_215-6_11_14_1958-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Surveyors using a Mt. Rose snow gauge to measure water content in 1958. Manual surveys are still done the same way. \u003ccite>(Calif. Dept. of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It seems like the technology has really changed since you started in 1987.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well it has, and the real game-changer is what’s known as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/airborne-snow-observatory-aso/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Airborne Snow Observatory\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>A Disappointing Start\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/KJ_snow_survey_0463_01_03_19.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first manual snow survey of the winter, conducted on Jan. 3, showed water content of the Sierra snowpack at just 67 percent of the long-term average, but that still beats last year at this time, when it was 31 percent of normal. Keep in mind the snowpack water content can change dramatically as the winter months progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>These are guys from NASA basically flying over the mountains in a plane, using light beams to measure the snow?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Absolutely. We started that. And that truly has been the huge change in all of the history of snow surveys. Being able to look at this basin-wide snow-water equivalent truly is phenomenal. And because we now can very accurately determine the snow in a basin, then we can start to look at some of the other factors that go into runoff prediction and examine those with the idea that the snow is now a known quantity. We’re not guessing or trying to estimate. We know how much snow is up there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How important are these precision measurements?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, they’re hugely important, especially as things are changing. Predictions are for less snow, more rain, so being able to accurately determine where the snow is and how much there is makes a big difference in terms of your modeling for those short-term flood events, and also for more long-term water-supply forecasting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s also very important, for example down in the Tuolumne River watershed, where our highest ground-based measurement is at about 10,000 feet. Fully a third of the watershed is above that measurement point. So if you get into a spring situation where the snow has basically melted up to 10,000 feet, you’re flying blind — or you were prior to the Airborne Snow Observatory. And the ability to look at that, especially that late-spring runoff, can be extremely important for determining reservoir levels and managing that reservoir capacity for the benefit of both flood control as well as water supply and hydroelectric and a number of other benefits that you can more accurately monitor the reservoir and make intelligent decisions about releases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/J9tn1/5/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n \u003cstrong>You’ve been doing this over the past 30 years. What changes have you seen in the snowpack?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually not very much. We talk about the seasonal or inter-annual variability.[How California whipsaws between wet and dry years]. And those swings can mask perhaps a longer-term signal that’s in there. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/factpub/sect_4a.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">snow-course\u003c/a> record, people look at it and they tweak it and some people see a signal, others don’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(Editor’s note: Recent scientific \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1923700/impact-of-a-warming-climate-on-the-sierra-nevada-and-californias-water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">studies have projected\u003c/a> that the Sierra snowpack could shrink by nearly 80 percent by 2100, and timing of the runoff could change dramatically.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you worry at all about California’s water future?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even now, there is a lot of water in California. But it doesn’t come with the timing and the location of where we as a civilization really want it. That’s where I think technology can do a great deal. We probably aren’t going to be moving more water than we are right now; it’s unlikely we’ll be building any giant new pipelines or something. But what we’ll be able to do is identify where the water is, when it occurs, and improve that accuracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in 2019, we don’t know what water the rest of the year is going to bring. And if we could improve that, even a little bit, it would go a long way toward being able to manage what we have right now in terms of physical infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>How do they do the manual snow surveys? Find out in this video from 2010, when I trailed Gehrke out to Tamarack Flat in El Dorado County.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/xojdkhJwZxY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/xojdkhJwZxY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Speaking of technology, when does skiing up into a pass and shoving aluminum tubes into the snow to weigh the water content become obsolete?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I can see the number of surveys being reduced. But I think, at least for the foreseeable future, they’re still what we use to verify everything else. Even though we have very advanced models, you still need that ground truth to ensure that something hasn’t gone haywire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1936327/californias-snow-guru-on-advances-in-snowpack-tech-and-the-future-of-california-water","authors":["221"],"series":["science_1151"],"categories":["science_31","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_3370","science_3833","science_109","science_1462","science_1243","science_3830"],"featImg":"science_1936332","label":"source_science_1936327"},"science_510438":{"type":"posts","id":"science_510438","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"510438","score":null,"sort":[1454943621000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californias-water-supply-at-risk-from-warmer-winters","title":"California’s Water Supply at Risk From Warmer Winters","publishDate":1454943621,"format":"image","headTitle":"California’s Water Supply at Risk From Warmer Winters | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1151,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Any sign of precipitation in the forecast is a welcome sight for Californians these days. But with temperatures \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">expected to be above normal\u003c/a> this winter, California’s snowpack may not reach the heights it could.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting snow in the Sierra Nevada Mountains is crucial to the state’s water supply. But scientists say as the climate continues to warm, more precipitation will fall as rain instead of snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>All in the Timing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not all precipitation is created equal,” said Kelly Redmond, who studies the snowpack at the Desert Research Institute in Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both snow and rainfall end up in the same place in California, feeding its \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/09/21/now-that-summers-over-what-do-californias-reservoirs-look-like-a-real-time-visualization/\">network rivers and reservoirs\u003c/a>. The key difference is timing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it falls as snow, it stays there,” said Redmond. “It’s like a free reservoir. It doesn’t run off, doesn’t cause floods.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/02/20160208ScienceWarmerWinters.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra snowpack melts just as California’s dry season begins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It releases slowly in the spring, and shows up in the rivers and in our faucets in the summer months,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This timing is critical, Redmond says. The snowpack feeds about a third of the California’s water supply. If it fell as rain instead, water managers would need to find a way to store it in reservoirs in the winter until the dry summer months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Record Warm Winter\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials, understandably, keep a very close eye on snow levels, doing \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/02/02/good-news-sierra-snowpack-is-above-average/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">monthly snow surveys\u003c/a> in the Sierra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the snowpack is its best in years – \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/snowapp/sweq.action\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">110 percent of normal\u003c/a>. But last year at this time, it was just 21 percent. Dry weather was the main culprit to blame, but so was record-breaking warmth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, for the first time ever recorded in the Sierra, the coldest winter temperatures were above freezing on average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://kroodsma.com/charts/california_water/snow.php?width=700&height=350\" width=\"700\" height=\"350\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t take much warming to switch from rain to snow,” said Redmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s snow is already nicknamed “Sierra cement,” because it’s known for being wet and heavy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost ready to turn to rain,” Redmond said. “It’s not like the powder you get in Utah and Montana and Colorado, which are at higher altitudes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For every five degrees of warming, the freezing point of a storm, or the altitude of the “snow level” as it’s called, will rise by a thousand feet, driving the snowpack higher into the mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If rain falls on top of snow, it diminishes the snowpack further by melting it and producing heaving runoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Overall the freezing level in the Sierra Nevada has been going up,” said Redmond. “It’s been more in the spring. What this means is that melting is starting to occur earlier at higher altitudes and runoff is starting earlier.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Future of Warming\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this has been kind of a wake up call,” said Dan Cayan, who studies climate change at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the US Geological Survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The last couple years were extraordinarily warm and I think to some extent those are models for what we might expect in the future.’\u003ccite>Dan Cayan, USGS\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“The last couple years were extraordinarily warm and I think to some extent those are models for what we might expect in the future,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cayan says California’s snowpack has already shrunk by 10 percent on average since World War II, a trend that is likely to continue as the climate warms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By the end of the century, if we’re lucky, we’ll only lose half,” said Cayan. “And if we’re unlucky, we could lose more than that. We’re in an era of unprecedented changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether California will get more or less precipitation overall with climate change is something that’s been debated, but a \u003ca href=\"https://news.agu.org/press-release/southwest-sliding-into-a-drier-normal-weather-patterns-that-bring-rain-are-becoming-less-frequent/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study released on Thursday\u003c/a> indicates that periods of dryness could increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers found that the low-pressure weather systems that typically bring rain to the Southwestern US \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpr.org/news/newsbeat/wet-weather-less-likely-southwest-us-ncar-study-finds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have formed less often\u003c/a> during the last three decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Droughts in the Southwest, specifically in California, are getting more intense and can last longer than in the past,” said Andreas Prein of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, who led the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Preparing for More Runoff\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big deal,” said Mark Cowin, director of California’s Department of Water Resources. “It really does change the dynamic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To prepare for a future with more extreme winter runoff, some have called for expanding California’s system of reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_510440\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-510440\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A snow survey last April in the Sierra Nevada turned up only dry ground.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A snow survey last April in the Sierra Nevada turned up only dry ground. \u003ccite>(Max Whittaker/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Of course, there’s always been interest in dams,” said Cowin. “They’re big. You can see them. But the fact is we’re not going to appreciably change the amount of reservoir capacity we have in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from a handful of proposed projects, there are not many good locations left for dams, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Cowin says the state will need to look at other options, like storing more water underground through groundwater banking, preparing for floods and using water more efficiently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those options will also take substantial financial investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We could spend a hundred billion dollars over the next decade or two pretty easily,” Cowin said. “Even more than that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s recent water bond could help with that, but at just $7 billion dollars, it’s really (and here comes the water metaphor) only a drop in the bucket.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Sierra Nevada snowpack is crucial to the state’s water supply, and warmer winters are putting it at risk. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704930668,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://kroodsma.com/charts/california_water/snow.php"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":40,"wordCount":989},"headData":{"title":"California’s Water Supply at Risk From Warmer Winters | KQED","description":"The Sierra Nevada snowpack is crucial to the state’s water supply, and warmer winters are putting it at risk. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California’s Water Supply at Risk From Warmer Winters","datePublished":"2016-02-08T15:00:21.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:51:08.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/510438/californias-water-supply-at-risk-from-warmer-winters","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/02/20160208ScienceWarmerWinters.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Any sign of precipitation in the forecast is a welcome sight for Californians these days. But with temperatures \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">expected to be above normal\u003c/a> this winter, California’s snowpack may not reach the heights it could.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting snow in the Sierra Nevada Mountains is crucial to the state’s water supply. But scientists say as the climate continues to warm, more precipitation will fall as rain instead of snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>All in the Timing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not all precipitation is created equal,” said Kelly Redmond, who studies the snowpack at the Desert Research Institute in Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both snow and rainfall end up in the same place in California, feeding its \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/09/21/now-that-summers-over-what-do-californias-reservoirs-look-like-a-real-time-visualization/\">network rivers and reservoirs\u003c/a>. The key difference is timing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it falls as snow, it stays there,” said Redmond. “It’s like a free reservoir. It doesn’t run off, doesn’t cause floods.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/02/20160208ScienceWarmerWinters.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Sierra snowpack melts just as California’s dry season begins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It releases slowly in the spring, and shows up in the rivers and in our faucets in the summer months,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This timing is critical, Redmond says. The snowpack feeds about a third of the California’s water supply. If it fell as rain instead, water managers would need to find a way to store it in reservoirs in the winter until the dry summer months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Record Warm Winter\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials, understandably, keep a very close eye on snow levels, doing \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/02/02/good-news-sierra-snowpack-is-above-average/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">monthly snow surveys\u003c/a> in the Sierra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the snowpack is its best in years – \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/snowapp/sweq.action\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">110 percent of normal\u003c/a>. But last year at this time, it was just 21 percent. Dry weather was the main culprit to blame, but so was record-breaking warmth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, for the first time ever recorded in the Sierra, the coldest winter temperatures were above freezing on average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://kroodsma.com/charts/california_water/snow.php?width=700&height=350\" width=\"700\" height=\"350\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t take much warming to switch from rain to snow,” said Redmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s snow is already nicknamed “Sierra cement,” because it’s known for being wet and heavy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost ready to turn to rain,” Redmond said. “It’s not like the powder you get in Utah and Montana and Colorado, which are at higher altitudes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For every five degrees of warming, the freezing point of a storm, or the altitude of the “snow level” as it’s called, will rise by a thousand feet, driving the snowpack higher into the mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If rain falls on top of snow, it diminishes the snowpack further by melting it and producing heaving runoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Overall the freezing level in the Sierra Nevada has been going up,” said Redmond. “It’s been more in the spring. What this means is that melting is starting to occur earlier at higher altitudes and runoff is starting earlier.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Future of Warming\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this has been kind of a wake up call,” said Dan Cayan, who studies climate change at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the US Geological Survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The last couple years were extraordinarily warm and I think to some extent those are models for what we might expect in the future.’\u003ccite>Dan Cayan, USGS\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“The last couple years were extraordinarily warm and I think to some extent those are models for what we might expect in the future,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cayan says California’s snowpack has already shrunk by 10 percent on average since World War II, a trend that is likely to continue as the climate warms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By the end of the century, if we’re lucky, we’ll only lose half,” said Cayan. “And if we’re unlucky, we could lose more than that. We’re in an era of unprecedented changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether California will get more or less precipitation overall with climate change is something that’s been debated, but a \u003ca href=\"https://news.agu.org/press-release/southwest-sliding-into-a-drier-normal-weather-patterns-that-bring-rain-are-becoming-less-frequent/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study released on Thursday\u003c/a> indicates that periods of dryness could increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers found that the low-pressure weather systems that typically bring rain to the Southwestern US \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpr.org/news/newsbeat/wet-weather-less-likely-southwest-us-ncar-study-finds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have formed less often\u003c/a> during the last three decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Droughts in the Southwest, specifically in California, are getting more intense and can last longer than in the past,” said Andreas Prein of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, who led the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Preparing for More Runoff\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big deal,” said Mark Cowin, director of California’s Department of Water Resources. “It really does change the dynamic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To prepare for a future with more extreme winter runoff, some have called for expanding California’s system of reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_510440\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-510440\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A snow survey last April in the Sierra Nevada turned up only dry ground.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A snow survey last April in the Sierra Nevada turned up only dry ground. \u003ccite>(Max Whittaker/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Of course, there’s always been interest in dams,” said Cowin. “They’re big. You can see them. But the fact is we’re not going to appreciably change the amount of reservoir capacity we have in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from a handful of proposed projects, there are not many good locations left for dams, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Cowin says the state will need to look at other options, like storing more water underground through groundwater banking, preparing for floods and using water more efficiently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those options will also take substantial financial investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We could spend a hundred billion dollars over the next decade or two pretty easily,” Cowin said. “Even more than that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s recent water bond could help with that, but at just $7 billion dollars, it’s really (and here comes the water metaphor) only a drop in the bucket.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/510438/californias-water-supply-at-risk-from-warmer-winters","authors":["239"],"series":["science_1151"],"categories":["science_46","science_31","science_35","science_40","science_43","science_98"],"tags":["science_194","science_572","science_1462","science_1243","science_201"],"featImg":"science_510439","label":"science_1151"},"science_13758":{"type":"posts","id":"science_13758","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"13758","score":null,"sort":[1391125935000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"sierra-snow-survey-offers-little-hope-as-drought-lingers","title":"Sierra Snow Survey Offers Little Hope as Drought Lingers","publishDate":1391125935,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Sierra Snow Survey Offers Little Hope as Drought Lingers | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1151,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13766\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13766\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/snowytahoe.jpg\" alt=\"Snow is accumulating at lake level in South Lake Tahoe. (Jim Siler)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Accumulations in South Lake Tahoe on Thursday provided mostly window dressing for the monthly snow survey. (Jim Siler)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Snow finally came to the Sierra on Thursday but the flurries were too little, too late, to plump up the closely-watched Sierra snowpack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About six inches of heavy, wet snow blanketed areas near Lake Tahoe, just as state water managers were scrounging for some good news for the \u003ca title=\"CDEC - Snowpack\" href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/snowapp/sweq.action\">monthly Sierra snow survey\u003c/a>. They didn’t find much to celebrate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”e17969dcba3a0cd128270772da553a21″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water managers keep a close eye on two measures. First: where the snowpack stands compared to the average for this date. Answer: just 12 percent of normal, statewide. That shatters the previous mark for this point in the winter of 21 percent, which had stood for more than 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second number is even more sobering: Thursday’s measurements put the water content of Sierra snows at just 7 percent of the average for April 1st, when accumulation is typically at its peak and the runoff season is about to start. With just two months to go, that’s a lot of precipitation to make up, considering that California counts on the mountain snowpack for about a third of its water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National Weather Service forecasters in Sacramento called the current unsettled conditions, “the first significant weather system to affect the region in almost two months.” And it’s the end of January. That means two of the three months most counted on for Northern California’s annual precipitation have gone by the boards with barely a whimper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A mix of snow and rain showers could linger into the weekend but hope of another wave of precipitation next week has largely evaporated, and \u003ca title=\"NWS - map\" href=\"http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/predictions/30day/\">longer-range forecasts remain stubbornly dry\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown has begun \u003ca title=\"SF Gate - post\" href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/science/article/California-drought-Meager-snowpack-sets-new-5190495.php\">using the term, “megadrought”\u003c/a> to describe current conditions. Earlier this week, state health officials \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/01/29/california-drought-17-communities-on-the-critical-list/\">identified 17 communities\u003c/a> that could exhaust their water supplies sometime in the next one to four months, including several parts of Sonoma and Mendocino Counties. Meanwhile, the state Department of Fish & Wildlife \u003ca title=\"Lake County Times - post\" href=\"http://www.lakeconews.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=35175:cdfw-puts-closures-in-effect-on-some-rivers-recommends-more-changes-to-the-fish-and-game-commission&catid=44:recreation&Itemid=176\">closed off significant stretches\u003c/a> of northern California rivers to fishing, until river conditions improve. Officials say water levels were so low in some places that fish were being trapped in small, isolated pools.The closures included portions of the Russian and American Rivers, in effect through April.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"And the clock is ticking toward April 1, when snow accumulation usually peaks.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704934280,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":402},"headData":{"title":"Sierra Snow Survey Offers Little Hope as Drought Lingers | KQED","description":"And the clock is ticking toward April 1, when snow accumulation usually peaks.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Sierra Snow Survey Offers Little Hope as Drought Lingers","datePublished":"2014-01-30T23:52:15.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-11T00:51:20.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/13758/sierra-snow-survey-offers-little-hope-as-drought-lingers","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13766\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13766\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/snowytahoe.jpg\" alt=\"Snow is accumulating at lake level in South Lake Tahoe. (Jim Siler)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Accumulations in South Lake Tahoe on Thursday provided mostly window dressing for the monthly snow survey. (Jim Siler)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Snow finally came to the Sierra on Thursday but the flurries were too little, too late, to plump up the closely-watched Sierra snowpack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About six inches of heavy, wet snow blanketed areas near Lake Tahoe, just as state water managers were scrounging for some good news for the \u003ca title=\"CDEC - Snowpack\" href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/snowapp/sweq.action\">monthly Sierra snow survey\u003c/a>. They didn’t find much to celebrate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water managers keep a close eye on two measures. First: where the snowpack stands compared to the average for this date. Answer: just 12 percent of normal, statewide. That shatters the previous mark for this point in the winter of 21 percent, which had stood for more than 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second number is even more sobering: Thursday’s measurements put the water content of Sierra snows at just 7 percent of the average for April 1st, when accumulation is typically at its peak and the runoff season is about to start. With just two months to go, that’s a lot of precipitation to make up, considering that California counts on the mountain snowpack for about a third of its water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National Weather Service forecasters in Sacramento called the current unsettled conditions, “the first significant weather system to affect the region in almost two months.” And it’s the end of January. That means two of the three months most counted on for Northern California’s annual precipitation have gone by the boards with barely a whimper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A mix of snow and rain showers could linger into the weekend but hope of another wave of precipitation next week has largely evaporated, and \u003ca title=\"NWS - map\" href=\"http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/predictions/30day/\">longer-range forecasts remain stubbornly dry\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown has begun \u003ca title=\"SF Gate - post\" href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/science/article/California-drought-Meager-snowpack-sets-new-5190495.php\">using the term, “megadrought”\u003c/a> to describe current conditions. Earlier this week, state health officials \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/01/29/california-drought-17-communities-on-the-critical-list/\">identified 17 communities\u003c/a> that could exhaust their water supplies sometime in the next one to four months, including several parts of Sonoma and Mendocino Counties. Meanwhile, the state Department of Fish & Wildlife \u003ca title=\"Lake County Times - post\" href=\"http://www.lakeconews.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=35175:cdfw-puts-closures-in-effect-on-some-rivers-recommends-more-changes-to-the-fish-and-game-commission&catid=44:recreation&Itemid=176\">closed off significant stretches\u003c/a> of northern California rivers to fishing, until river conditions improve. Officials say water levels were so low in some places that fish were being trapped in small, isolated pools.The closures included portions of the Russian and American Rivers, in effect through April.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/13758/sierra-snow-survey-offers-little-hope-as-drought-lingers","authors":["221"],"series":["science_1151"],"categories":["science_31","science_39","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_572","science_64","science_109","science_1243","science_1127","science_110"],"featImg":"science_13766","label":"science_1151"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this","airtime":"SUN 7:30pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/how-i-built-this","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"}},"inside-europe":{"id":"inside-europe","title":"Inside Europe","info":"Inside Europe, a one-hour weekly news magazine hosted by Helen Seeney and Keith Walker, explores the topical issues shaping the continent. No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. Download Chris’s Song of the Week plus other highlights from the broadcast. Produced by American Public Media.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-8pm, SUN 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Live-From-Here-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.livefromhere.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"american public media"},"link":"/radio/program/live-from-here-highlights","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1167173941","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Live-from-Here-Highlights-p921744/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/a-prairie-home-companion-highlights/rss/rss"}},"marketplace":{"id":"marketplace","title":"Marketplace","info":"Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. 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