Trump's Pending Rules on California Water Marked by Missing Documents and Hurried Reviews, Say Scientists
California Delta a Flash Point for Conflict as Climate Change Unfolds
Future of Huge California Water Project May Hang on the Next Few Weeks
Group Urges 11th Hour Shift in Plan for Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta
Bay Area Water Supply in the Crosshairs of New River Plan
As Delta Smelt Nears Extinction, New Concerns Emerge Over Dredging
Long-Range Forecast: Less Snow for Skiers, Less Water for California
IPCC: Climate Change Is Taking a Toll in California and It's Going to Get Worse
Bay Area: Do You Know Where Your Water Comes From?
Sponsored
window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={"attachmentsReducer":{"audio_0":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_0","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"}}},"audio_1":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_1","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"}}},"audio_2":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_2","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"}}},"audio_3":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_3","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"}}},"audio_4":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_4","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"}}},"placeholder":{"type":"attachments","id":"placeholder","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-160x96.jpg","width":160,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-800x478.jpg","width":800,"height":478,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1020x610.jpg","width":1020,"height":610,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-960x574.jpg","width":960,"height":574,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-240x143.jpg","width":240,"height":143,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-375x224.jpg","width":375,"height":224,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-520x311.jpg","width":520,"height":311,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-e1514998105161.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148}}},"science_1944296":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_1944296","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"1944296","found":true},"title":"KJ_Delta_Aerials_2221_03_08_19","publishDate":1561991196,"status":"inherit","parent":1944278,"modified":1561991298,"caption":"The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta provides drinking water for two-thirds of Californians and three million acres of farmland.\n","credit":"Ken James / California Department of Water Resources","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/KJ_Delta_Aerials_2221_03_08_19-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/KJ_Delta_Aerials_2221_03_08_19-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/KJ_Delta_Aerials_2221_03_08_19-768x512.jpg","width":768,"height":512,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/KJ_Delta_Aerials_2221_03_08_19-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"height":680,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"complete_open_graph":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/KJ_Delta_Aerials_2221_03_08_19-1200x800.jpg","width":1200,"height":800,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/KJ_Delta_Aerials_2221_03_08_19-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/KJ_Delta_Aerials_2221_03_08_19-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/KJ_Delta_Aerials_2221_03_08_19-1920x1280.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/KJ_Delta_Aerials_2221_03_08_19.jpg","width":2048,"height":1365}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"science_1923160":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_1923160","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"1923160","found":true},"title":"900_01_ca170561","publishDate":1524843773,"status":"inherit","parent":1923154,"modified":1528386974,"caption":"The California Aqueduct is the state’s largest and longest water transport system, fed by the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.","credit":"Citizens of the Planet/Education Images/UIG via Getty Images","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/900_01_ca170561-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/900_01_ca170561-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/900_01_ca170561-768x512.jpg","width":768,"height":512,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/900_01_ca170561-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/900_01_ca170561-240x160.jpg","width":240,"height":160,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/900_01_ca170561-375x250.jpg","width":375,"height":250,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/900_01_ca170561-520x346.jpg","width":520,"height":346,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/900_01_ca170561-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/900_01_ca170561-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/900_01_ca170561-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/900_01_ca170561-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/900_01_ca170561-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/900_01_ca170561-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/900_01_ca170561.jpg","width":800,"height":533}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"science_863594":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_863594","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"863594","found":true},"title":"PJH_Delta_Farming-web","publishDate":1469062151,"status":"inherit","parent":863593,"modified":1579191254,"caption":"The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.","credit":"California Department of Water Resources","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web-400x225.jpg","width":400,"height":225,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web-800x450.jpg","width":800,"height":450,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web-768x432.jpg","width":768,"height":432,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web-1440x810.jpg","width":1440,"height":810,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web-1920x1080.jpg","width":1920,"height":1080,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web-1180x664.jpg","width":1180,"height":664,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web-960x540.jpg","width":960,"height":540,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web.jpg","width":1920,"height":1080}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"science_1254089":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_1254089","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"1254089","found":true},"title":"Sacramento-San Joaquin River delta.","publishDate":1482171946,"status":"inherit","parent":1253969,"modified":1482172047,"caption":"Aerial view of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River delta.","credit":"California Department of Water Resources","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS991_delta2-120111-160x102.jpg","width":160,"height":102,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS991_delta2-120111-800x509.jpg","width":800,"height":509,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS991_delta2-120111-768x489.jpg","width":768,"height":489,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS991_delta2-120111-1020x649.jpg","width":1020,"height":649,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS991_delta2-120111-1180x751.jpg","width":1180,"height":751,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS991_delta2-120111-960x611.jpg","width":960,"height":611,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS991_delta2-120111-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS991_delta2-120111-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS991_delta2-120111-240x153.jpg","width":240,"height":153,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS991_delta2-120111-375x239.jpg","width":375,"height":239,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS991_delta2-120111-520x331.jpg","width":520,"height":331,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS991_delta2-120111-1180x751.jpg","width":1180,"height":751,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS991_delta2-120111-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS991_delta2-120111-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS991_delta2-120111-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS991_delta2-120111-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS991_delta2-120111-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS991_delta2-120111-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS991_delta2-120111-e1482172022616.jpg","width":1650,"height":1050}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"science_998492":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_998492","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"998492","found":true},"title":"Drought_JoshC-4290","publishDate":1473987589,"status":"inherit","parent":998491,"modified":1473987664,"caption":"A new state plan would boost the flow of the San Joaquin River.","credit":"Josh Cassidy/KQED","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Drought_JoshC-4290-400x225.jpg","width":400,"height":225,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Drought_JoshC-4290-800x450.jpg","width":800,"height":450,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Drought_JoshC-4290-768x432.jpg","width":768,"height":432,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Drought_JoshC-4290-1180x664.jpg","width":1180,"height":664,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Drought_JoshC-4290-960x540.jpg","width":960,"height":540,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Drought_JoshC-4290-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Drought_JoshC-4290-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Drought_JoshC-4290-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Drought_JoshC-4290-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Drought_JoshC-4290-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Drought_JoshC-4290-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Drought_JoshC-4290-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Drought_JoshC-4290-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Drought_JoshC-4290.jpg","width":1280,"height":720}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"science_30199":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_30199","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"30199","found":true},"title":"smelt","publishDate":1431478608,"status":"inherit","parent":30191,"modified":1431478654,"caption":"A Delta smelt caught during a spring survey. Biologists warn the fish is close to extinction. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)","credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/05/smelt.jpg","width":1920,"height":1080}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"science_21952":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_21952","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"21952","found":true},"title":"Madera, CA","publishDate":1411603697,"status":"inherit","parent":21942,"modified":1411603697,"caption":null,"credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Madera-CA-e1411603795284.jpg","width":640,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"science_16025":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_16025","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"16025","found":true},"title":"stacks","publishDate":1396378875,"status":"inherit","parent":16016,"modified":1396378875,"caption":"The Department of Water and Power San Fernando Valley Generating Station is seen December 11, 2008 in Sun Valley, California. (David McNew/Getty Images)","credit":null,"description":"The Department of Water and Power San Fernando Valley Generating Station is seen December 11, 2008 in Sun Valley, California. (David McNew/Getty Images)","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/stacks.jpg","width":640,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"science_14679":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_14679","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"14679","found":true},"title":"water-map","publishDate":1393459514,"status":"inherit","parent":14623,"modified":1393459514,"caption":null,"credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/water-map.jpg","width":640,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"byline_science_1923154":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_science_1923154","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_science_1923154","name":"Matt Weiser\u003cbr />Water Deeply","isLoading":false},"byline_science_1916079":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_science_1916079","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_science_1916079","name":"KQED Science","isLoading":false},"byline_science_1253969":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_science_1253969","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_science_1253969","name":"Matt Weiser\u003cbr>Water Deeply","isLoading":false},"mollysamuel":{"type":"authors","id":"200","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"200","found":true},"name":"Molly Samuel","firstName":"Molly","lastName":"Samuel","slug":"mollysamuel","email":"msamuel@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Molly Samuel joined KQED as an intern in 2007, and since then has worked here as a reporter, producer, director and blogger. Before becoming KQED Science’s Multimedia Producer, she was a producer for Climate Watch. Molly has also reported for NPR, KALW and High Country News, and has produced audio stories for The Encyclopedia of Life and the Oakland Museum of California. She was a fellow with the Middlebury Fellowships in Environmental Journalism and a journalist-in-residence at the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center. Molly has a degree in Ancient Greek from Oberlin College and is a co-founder of the record label True Panther Sounds.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6abd3b949a89fe5109fa9917631d0b6?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"science","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["edit_users","subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Molly Samuel | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6abd3b949a89fe5109fa9917631d0b6?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6abd3b949a89fe5109fa9917631d0b6?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/mollysamuel"},"laurensommer":{"type":"authors","id":"239","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"239","found":true},"name":"Lauren Sommer","firstName":"Lauren","lastName":"Sommer","slug":"laurensommer","email":"lsommer@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Lauren is a radio reporter formerly covering environment, water, and energy for KQED Science. As part of her day job, she has scaled Sierra Nevada peaks, run from charging elephant seals, and desperately tried to get her sea legs - all in pursuit of good radio. Her work has appeared on Marketplace, Living on Earth, Science Friday and NPR's Morning Edition and All Things Considered. You can find her on Twitter at \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/lesommer\">@lesommer\u003c/a>.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor","manage_content_types","manage_taxonomies"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Lauren Sommer | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/laurensommer"},"kqedscience":{"type":"authors","id":"6387","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6387","found":true},"name":"KQED Science","firstName":"KQED","lastName":"Science","slug":"kqedscience","email":"kqedscience@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond by the flagship Northern California PBS and NPR affiliate.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a295ff49cf82a8c0f30937d3f788b2f?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"food","roles":["contributor"]}],"headData":{"title":"KQED Science | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a295ff49cf82a8c0f30937d3f788b2f?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a295ff49cf82a8c0f30937d3f788b2f?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/kqedscience"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"science_1944278":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1944278","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1944278","score":null,"sort":[1561996840000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"trumps-pending-rules-on-california-water-marked-by-missing-documents-and-hurried-reviews-say-scientists","title":"Trump's Pending Rules on California Water Marked by Missing Documents and Hurried Reviews, Say Scientists","publishDate":1561996840,"format":"image","headTitle":"Trump’s Pending Rules on California Water Marked by Missing Documents and Hurried Reviews, Say Scientists | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">I\u003c/span>ndependent scientists have raised serious concerns about a Trump administration plan to divert more water to California farmers, according to documents obtained by KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their analyses, they write that the plan poses risks to threatened fish; that the process is rushed; that they didn’t receive enough information to provide a complete scientific review; and that the Trump administration may be skewing the science to make the environmental impact look less serious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It is difficult to imagine how these predicted conditions could be considered an acceptable risk to the critical habitat of a listed species,” wrote Ronald Kneib, an ecological consultant and senior research scientist emeritus at the University of Georgia. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right']To meet the president’s timeline, scientists at NOAA Fisheries and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service had to work at an unprecedented pace, cutting back the independent scientific review, and eliminating the public from the process.[/pullquote]The plan, which involves how much water to pump out of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, and under what conditions, will control irrigation for millions of acres of farmland in the country’s biggest agricultural economy, drinking water for two-thirds of Californians from Silicon Valley to San Diego, and the fate of endangered salmon and other fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some see the fingerprints of interior secretary David Bernhardt, who once helped lead the charge to weaken environmental standards and send more water to farmers. A former lawyer for agricultural heavyweight Westlands Water District, Bernhardt is under scrutiny after a recent New York Times \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/12/climate/david-bernhardt-endangered-species.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">investigation\u003c/a> reported that, shortly after joining the Interior Department in 2017, he \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/04/climate/david-bernhardt-interior-lobbying.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">directly advocated\u003c/a> on Westlands’ behalf to get more water for farmers at the expense of endangered fish, even though federal rules precluded him from lobbying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration is expected to announce the rules this week. The final step before that was the independent scientific review, in which federal agencies send their biologists’ analyses of the plan to scientists outside the government for review, to ensure the agencies are using the best possible scientific studies and interpreting them correctly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Independent scientific review is critical because it provides a check on the agencies,” said Doug Obegi, an attorney at the Natural Resources Defense Council in San Francisco who has read the reviews. “What the reviews show is that the agencies seem to be rushing the analysis to try to meet President Trump’s deadline rather than following the science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Skewing the Science: Missing Documents and Hurried Reviews\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">P\u003c/span>resident Trump ordered in October 2018 that the incredibly complex rules to be drafted faster than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='science_1938750' label='Trump's California Water Order Rushes Science and Cuts Out Public, Emails Show']“We will have it done very, very quickly,” Trump said to members of the California GOP congressional delegation last October as he signed an executive order. “I hope you enjoy the water that you’re going to have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rules govern a delicate balancing act, determining how much water is sent to cities and farmland and how much must remain in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta ecosystem for threatened wildlife, like endangered salmon. That’s made them a target for Central Valley agricultural interests, because in dry years, the rules can limit their water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal biologists set these rules, and they are the final word on how much and when water can be pumped out of the Delta. By law, federal scientists must complete an intricate analysis, and vouch in detailed documents, called biological opinions, that the rules will not drive threatened species such as endangered salmon, delta smelt and other fish to extinction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To meet the president’s timeline, scientists at NOAA Fisheries and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service had to work at an unprecedented pace, cutting back the independent scientific review, and eliminating the public from the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944297\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DBK_Delta_Smelt-2444.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1944297\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DBK_Delta_Smelt-2444-800x478.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"478\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DBK_Delta_Smelt-2444-800x478.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DBK_Delta_Smelt-2444-160x96.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DBK_Delta_Smelt-2444-768x459.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DBK_Delta_Smelt-2444-1020x610.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DBK_Delta_Smelt-2444-1200x717.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DBK_Delta_Smelt-2444-1920x1148.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DBK_Delta_Smelt-2444.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A juvenile delta smelt inside a rearing tank at the UC Davis Fish Conservation and Culture Lab, located at a state Department of Water Resources facility in Contra Costa County. \u003ccite>(Dale Kolke / California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>All told, they had 135 days to complete their analysis. The last time NOAA Fisheries completed the analysis, in 2008 and 2009, it took 246 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 2008, a seven-member scientific panel reviewed NOAA’s draft rules, including holding a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.science.calwater.ca.gov/events/reviews/review_ocap.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">forum\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that was open to the public. The panel ultimately produced a\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.science.calwater.ca.gov/pdf/reviews/OCAP_NMFS_BO_final_review2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> report\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> more than 50 pages long, flagging issues in the science for federal biologists to consider. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time around, the independent review has been less rigorous, according to documents obtained by KQED. Fewer scientists were involved, they received incomplete drafts of the plan, and were given less time to complete their review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In early June, two scientists received a draft of NOAA’s biological opinion evaluating the impact of the plan on endangered salmon, and were given 12 days to review it. But the draft lacked a key chapter explaining how scientific studies about threatened species will inform a water pumping plan.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“These unavailable chapters precluded a thorough top-down review from objectives, methods, results and conclusions,” wrote John R. Skalski, a professor of biological statistics at the University of Washington. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The other reviewer echoed that.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I therefore provide answers [to] the charge questions that are restricted in scope due to time constraints and not knowing the details,” wrote Kenneth Rose, professor at the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, in his review.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rose also left four review questions blank “due to time limitations,” he wrote.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='science_1935707']“This is definitely a shorter review,” said James Anderson, a research professor at the University of Washington who was on the seven-member science panel in 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In April, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service asked three independent scientists to review its draft biological opinion on the delta smelt, a small fish that is hovering on the brink of extinction. The smelt, considered an indicator of wider Delta ecological health, can be killed by the giant federal and state pumps near Tracy that move billions of gallons of water south. Its population has plummeted due to invasive species and dramatically changed water conditions in the delta. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">One of the reviewers flagged the pressure of a 2-week timeframe.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Due to the overwhelming amount of information provided and the relatively short window for review (this is in the middle of my field season), I requested a 48-hr extension,” wrote Joseph Merz, a reviewer with Cramer Fish Sciences in West Sacramento.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">All three reviewers highlighted that sending more water out of the Delta to farmers would risk the smelt’s existence. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“If the conclusion of this BiOP [biological opinion] is that the PA [proposed action] will make things worse for delta smelt and that the numbers are continuing to decrease… doesn’t that suggest great peril for the species?” Merz wrote.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kneib, from the University of Georgia, agreed, expressing concern that the agency was skewing the science to make the impacts on delta smelt look less serious. He cited examples “where the available information seemed inappropriately applied or applied beyond the scope of a study from which it was derived in order to support conclusions that effects on Delta Smelt or their critical habitat were minor.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Last Steps \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">B\u003c/span>oth federal wildlife agencies are now reviewing the independent scientists’ findings. They could then change their biological opinions based on that feedback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We developed a timeline to complete the biological opinion that allowed adequate time to solicit comments from peer reviewers and the water agencies to be considered and incorporated into the final biological opinion as appropriate,” said Shane Hunt, spokesman for the Fish and Wildlife Service. “We believe these comments have significantly improved the analysis and have assisted us in ensuring that this biological opinion is complete and informed by the best available science.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA declined to respond to questions about the review process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agencies’ final rules, expected this week, will have far-reaching impacts on millions of Californians and the future of the Delta ecosystem. In some years, roughly half of all the water that flows into the Delta — a vast system of sloughs and marshes that extends from south of Sacramento to San Francisco Bay — already is pumped out, reducing water quality and imperiling wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Critics worry that if more water is taken, species will go extinct and San Francisco Bay’s water quality will decline. In the past, biological opinions have ended up at the center of lawsuits, which, experts say, may well be the outcome with the new ones coming from the Trump administration.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The rules will have far-reaching impacts on millions of Californians and the future of the Delta ecosystem. Currently, federal agencies are reviewing an independent scientific analysis that raised serious concerns. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848545,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":36,"wordCount":1498},"headData":{"title":"Trump's Pending Rules on California Water Marked by Missing Documents and Hurried Reviews, Say Scientists | KQED","description":"The rules will have far-reaching impacts on millions of Californians and the future of the Delta ecosystem. Currently, federal agencies are reviewing an independent scientific analysis that raised serious concerns. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/1944278/trumps-pending-rules-on-california-water-marked-by-missing-documents-and-hurried-reviews-say-scientists","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">I\u003c/span>ndependent scientists have raised serious concerns about a Trump administration plan to divert more water to California farmers, according to documents obtained by KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their analyses, they write that the plan poses risks to threatened fish; that the process is rushed; that they didn’t receive enough information to provide a complete scientific review; and that the Trump administration may be skewing the science to make the environmental impact look less serious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It is difficult to imagine how these predicted conditions could be considered an acceptable risk to the critical habitat of a listed species,” wrote Ronald Kneib, an ecological consultant and senior research scientist emeritus at the University of Georgia. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"To meet the president’s timeline, scientists at NOAA Fisheries and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service had to work at an unprecedented pace, cutting back the independent scientific review, and eliminating the public from the process.","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The plan, which involves how much water to pump out of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, and under what conditions, will control irrigation for millions of acres of farmland in the country’s biggest agricultural economy, drinking water for two-thirds of Californians from Silicon Valley to San Diego, and the fate of endangered salmon and other fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some see the fingerprints of interior secretary David Bernhardt, who once helped lead the charge to weaken environmental standards and send more water to farmers. A former lawyer for agricultural heavyweight Westlands Water District, Bernhardt is under scrutiny after a recent New York Times \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/12/climate/david-bernhardt-endangered-species.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">investigation\u003c/a> reported that, shortly after joining the Interior Department in 2017, he \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/04/climate/david-bernhardt-interior-lobbying.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">directly advocated\u003c/a> on Westlands’ behalf to get more water for farmers at the expense of endangered fish, even though federal rules precluded him from lobbying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration is expected to announce the rules this week. The final step before that was the independent scientific review, in which federal agencies send their biologists’ analyses of the plan to scientists outside the government for review, to ensure the agencies are using the best possible scientific studies and interpreting them correctly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Independent scientific review is critical because it provides a check on the agencies,” said Doug Obegi, an attorney at the Natural Resources Defense Council in San Francisco who has read the reviews. “What the reviews show is that the agencies seem to be rushing the analysis to try to meet President Trump’s deadline rather than following the science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Skewing the Science: Missing Documents and Hurried Reviews\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">P\u003c/span>resident Trump ordered in October 2018 that the incredibly complex rules to be drafted faster than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1938750","label":"label='Trump's California Water Order Rushes Science and Cuts Out Public, Emails Show'"},"numeric":["label='Trump's","California","Water","Order","Rushes","Science","and","Cuts","Out","Public,","Emails","Show'"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We will have it done very, very quickly,” Trump said to members of the California GOP congressional delegation last October as he signed an executive order. “I hope you enjoy the water that you’re going to have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rules govern a delicate balancing act, determining how much water is sent to cities and farmland and how much must remain in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta ecosystem for threatened wildlife, like endangered salmon. That’s made them a target for Central Valley agricultural interests, because in dry years, the rules can limit their water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal biologists set these rules, and they are the final word on how much and when water can be pumped out of the Delta. By law, federal scientists must complete an intricate analysis, and vouch in detailed documents, called biological opinions, that the rules will not drive threatened species such as endangered salmon, delta smelt and other fish to extinction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To meet the president’s timeline, scientists at NOAA Fisheries and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service had to work at an unprecedented pace, cutting back the independent scientific review, and eliminating the public from the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944297\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DBK_Delta_Smelt-2444.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1944297\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DBK_Delta_Smelt-2444-800x478.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"478\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DBK_Delta_Smelt-2444-800x478.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DBK_Delta_Smelt-2444-160x96.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DBK_Delta_Smelt-2444-768x459.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DBK_Delta_Smelt-2444-1020x610.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DBK_Delta_Smelt-2444-1200x717.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DBK_Delta_Smelt-2444-1920x1148.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DBK_Delta_Smelt-2444.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A juvenile delta smelt inside a rearing tank at the UC Davis Fish Conservation and Culture Lab, located at a state Department of Water Resources facility in Contra Costa County. \u003ccite>(Dale Kolke / California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>All told, they had 135 days to complete their analysis. The last time NOAA Fisheries completed the analysis, in 2008 and 2009, it took 246 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 2008, a seven-member scientific panel reviewed NOAA’s draft rules, including holding a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.science.calwater.ca.gov/events/reviews/review_ocap.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">forum\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that was open to the public. The panel ultimately produced a\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.science.calwater.ca.gov/pdf/reviews/OCAP_NMFS_BO_final_review2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> report\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> more than 50 pages long, flagging issues in the science for federal biologists to consider. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time around, the independent review has been less rigorous, according to documents obtained by KQED. Fewer scientists were involved, they received incomplete drafts of the plan, and were given less time to complete their review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In early June, two scientists received a draft of NOAA’s biological opinion evaluating the impact of the plan on endangered salmon, and were given 12 days to review it. But the draft lacked a key chapter explaining how scientific studies about threatened species will inform a water pumping plan.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“These unavailable chapters precluded a thorough top-down review from objectives, methods, results and conclusions,” wrote John R. Skalski, a professor of biological statistics at the University of Washington. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The other reviewer echoed that.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I therefore provide answers [to] the charge questions that are restricted in scope due to time constraints and not knowing the details,” wrote Kenneth Rose, professor at the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, in his review.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rose also left four review questions blank “due to time limitations,” he wrote.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1935707","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“This is definitely a shorter review,” said James Anderson, a research professor at the University of Washington who was on the seven-member science panel in 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In April, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service asked three independent scientists to review its draft biological opinion on the delta smelt, a small fish that is hovering on the brink of extinction. The smelt, considered an indicator of wider Delta ecological health, can be killed by the giant federal and state pumps near Tracy that move billions of gallons of water south. Its population has plummeted due to invasive species and dramatically changed water conditions in the delta. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">One of the reviewers flagged the pressure of a 2-week timeframe.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Due to the overwhelming amount of information provided and the relatively short window for review (this is in the middle of my field season), I requested a 48-hr extension,” wrote Joseph Merz, a reviewer with Cramer Fish Sciences in West Sacramento.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">All three reviewers highlighted that sending more water out of the Delta to farmers would risk the smelt’s existence. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“If the conclusion of this BiOP [biological opinion] is that the PA [proposed action] will make things worse for delta smelt and that the numbers are continuing to decrease… doesn’t that suggest great peril for the species?” Merz wrote.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kneib, from the University of Georgia, agreed, expressing concern that the agency was skewing the science to make the impacts on delta smelt look less serious. He cited examples “where the available information seemed inappropriately applied or applied beyond the scope of a study from which it was derived in order to support conclusions that effects on Delta Smelt or their critical habitat were minor.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Last Steps \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">B\u003c/span>oth federal wildlife agencies are now reviewing the independent scientists’ findings. They could then change their biological opinions based on that feedback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We developed a timeline to complete the biological opinion that allowed adequate time to solicit comments from peer reviewers and the water agencies to be considered and incorporated into the final biological opinion as appropriate,” said Shane Hunt, spokesman for the Fish and Wildlife Service. “We believe these comments have significantly improved the analysis and have assisted us in ensuring that this biological opinion is complete and informed by the best available science.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA declined to respond to questions about the review process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agencies’ final rules, expected this week, will have far-reaching impacts on millions of Californians and the future of the Delta ecosystem. In some years, roughly half of all the water that flows into the Delta — a vast system of sloughs and marshes that extends from south of Sacramento to San Francisco Bay — already is pumped out, reducing water quality and imperiling wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Critics worry that if more water is taken, species will go extinct and San Francisco Bay’s water quality will decline. In the past, biological opinions have ended up at the center of lawsuits, which, experts say, may well be the outcome with the new ones coming from the Trump administration.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1944278/trumps-pending-rules-on-california-water-marked-by-missing-documents-and-hurried-reviews-say-scientists","authors":["239"],"categories":["science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_3370","science_3832","science_100","science_3830","science_3322","science_201"],"featImg":"science_1944296","label":"science"},"science_1923154":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1923154","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1923154","score":null,"sort":[1524855635000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-delta-a-flash-point-for-conflict-as-climate-change-unfolds","title":"California Delta a Flash Point for Conflict as Climate Change Unfolds","publishDate":1524855635,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Delta a Flash Point for Conflict as Climate Change Unfolds | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>California’s Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is vital to water supplies for 25 million people and 4 million acres of farmland. It is linked to the Pacific Ocean via San Francisco Bay, which makes this water supply uniquely vulnerable to sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Yet understanding sea level rise in the Delta is complicated. The largest estuary on the West Coast of the Americas, it consists of some 70 islands and more than 1,000 miles of levees. It is also fed by California’s two largest rivers, which drain the Sierra Nevada range.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">All of this complicates how sea level rise “propagates” through the Delta. It also increases the urgency of the need to understand how changing weather patterns caused by climate change will affect streamflow through the estuary.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">To help with these questions, the Delta Stewardship Council, a state government agency, recently published a comprehensive new white paper on the issue: “\u003ca href=\"http://deltacouncil.ca.gov/docs/delta-plan/climate-change-and-delta-synthesis-public-draft-march-23-2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Climate Change and the Delta: A Synthesis\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.” To summarize the paper, Water Deeply interviewed Ronald Melcer, a senior environmental scientist at the council.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1923161\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 672px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1923161\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ron-Melcer1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"672\" height=\"504\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ron-Melcer1.jpg 672w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ron-Melcer1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ron-Melcer1-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ron-Melcer1-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ron-Melcer1-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 672px) 100vw, 672px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ron Melcer is a a senior environmental scientist at the Delta Stewardship Council, which has released a new white paper examining climate change impacts on the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. \u003ccite>(Photo Courtesy Delta Stewardship Council)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Water Deeply: What is the purpose of this report? Is it a first?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Ronald Melcer: We\u003c/span>’ve set out to do a series of synthesis papers that try and really distill the new science since 2013 related to various topics. We see climate change as a major one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t believe there’s been a synthesis of climate change specific to the Delta, though. So in that sense, this is new. It’s a more definitive look at climate change in the Delta than we’ve had before. We were really trying to set the stage for how we think about restoration in the Delta, and at the same time be as comprehensive as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Water Deeply: What is your sea level rise projection in this report?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>Melcer: There is nearly a 70 percent chance that by 2100 we’re going to see 2.4ft of sea level rise at the Golden Gate Bridge. That’s with a low-emissions scenario, which is based on the Paris climate agreement. So if we were to do some significant work, it would take really relying on the best available technology, doing carbon sequestration and coupling that with a zero-emissions way of living. The way we operate on the planet would fundamentally change. It’s pretty optimistic to think that we’ll get there. But that’s what the Paris agreement calls for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The high emissions scenario is more akin to the trajectory that we’re on at this point. That\u003c/span>’s sort of a business as usual scenario. So if we don’t do anything, that’s where we’re headed. That shows 3.4ft of sea level rise by 2100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Water Deeply: Will the Delta see the same magnitude of sea level rise as the Golden Gate?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Melcer: Depending on where you are, it will be less than these maximum numbers. But there are some interesting interactions that happen as land elevation changes and the forces of streamflow come in to meet with the tidal waters. That actually drives the water surface elevation up a little bit in localized areas.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Currently we’re working on engaging some technical expertise to do a climate vulnerability assessment within the Delta. This is a key question we would be looking to answer: What do water surface elevations look like within the Delta? We’ll be identifying assets and vulnerabilities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: How will water flows change through the estuary?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Melcer: There is not universal agreement on the total amount of precipitation we would expect. But the big takeaways are that we expect to see higher streamflow due to rainfall in the winter across all the models. That ties back to atmospheric temperature, ocean temperature, warmer storms coming onboard. And on average, the peak of runoff would shift by one month earlier in the season.\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Water Deeply: What sort of management issues does this raise?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Melcer: T\u003c/span>he system is really predicated on a large snowpack that slowly feeds the reservoirs and river systems. So if we see shifts in runoff, that system starts to require changes in how we operate reservoirs. And that then has downstream impacts on our ability to provide for water supply and water quality management. There’s this cascading effect across all the functions that we rely on our reservoir systems for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Water Deeply: What are the potential downstream effects?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Melcer: The Department of Water Resources has done some interesting modeling that shows the effects of just an increase in the frequency and magnitude of flood flows. There’s also an expectation that the occurrence of atmospheric rivers will increase. So on average, we expect flood volumes to increase 60–80 percent on the San Joaquin River, and 10–20 percent on the Sacramento River. That has to do with elevations of the mountain ranges in those different basins.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">These are significant increases in the amount of water that’s flowing across the landscape during a flood event. Whereas, historically we would see some of that contributing to snowpack and then being released slowly through the melting process later in the year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">For some San Joaquin basin streams, we expect to see more than a 50 percent increase in 100-year flood events. That’s a massive increase in risk. We have an opportunity to start to figure out what that means, what our flood management infrastructure should look like, with some of the modeling work that\u003c/span>’s come out. We should be thinking about what we need on the landscape to pass that magnitude of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: How will salinity change in the estuary?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Melcer: There are a couple of implications. An increase in water surface elevation increases the amount of salt water that makes its way into the Delta. We really focus on the implications for habitat, for fish species. That mixing point between freshwater and salt water is really important for the aquatic ecosystem.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">If we are to continue to manage water quality in the Delta with reservoirs, it really is going to require increased reservoir releases to counter that influx of salinity. Some studies have shown that, with 1ft of sea level rise, it would require almost 500,000 acre-feet of additional Delta outflow, generally in the form of reservoir releases, to meet salinity requirements as they stand at this point.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Water Deeply: That sounds like a lot of additional pressure on the state’s water system.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Melcer: It starts to paint a picture where we\u003c/span>’re having difficulty meeting all of those objectives. The implications of increasing streamflow in winter and less runoff later in the year leave us with reservoirs that are not full, and then we’re unable to really use managed flows to deal with things like salinity intrusion in the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">We release flow at certain times of year to protect fish and their spawning activities. Supporting these fish becomes really difficult in these future scenarios where that flexibility continues to be reduced by dynamics of precipitation, sea level rise and salinity intrusion.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2018/04/27/california-delta-a-flash-point-for-conflict-as-climate-change-unfolds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Sea level rise and changing streamflows are converging with uncertain results in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Ronald Melcer, a senior environmental scientist at the Delta Stewardship Council, explains what the future may hold.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927959,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":1282},"headData":{"title":"California Delta a Flash Point for Conflict as Climate Change Unfolds | KQED","description":"Sea level rise and changing streamflows are converging with uncertain results in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Ronald Melcer, a senior environmental scientist at the Delta Stewardship Council, explains what the future may hold.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Climate","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Matt Weiser\u003cbr />Water Deeply","path":"/science/1923154/california-delta-a-flash-point-for-conflict-as-climate-change-unfolds","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is vital to water supplies for 25 million people and 4 million acres of farmland. It is linked to the Pacific Ocean via San Francisco Bay, which makes this water supply uniquely vulnerable to sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Yet understanding sea level rise in the Delta is complicated. The largest estuary on the West Coast of the Americas, it consists of some 70 islands and more than 1,000 miles of levees. It is also fed by California’s two largest rivers, which drain the Sierra Nevada range.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">All of this complicates how sea level rise “propagates” through the Delta. It also increases the urgency of the need to understand how changing weather patterns caused by climate change will affect streamflow through the estuary.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">To help with these questions, the Delta Stewardship Council, a state government agency, recently published a comprehensive new white paper on the issue: “\u003ca href=\"http://deltacouncil.ca.gov/docs/delta-plan/climate-change-and-delta-synthesis-public-draft-march-23-2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Climate Change and the Delta: A Synthesis\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.” To summarize the paper, Water Deeply interviewed Ronald Melcer, a senior environmental scientist at the council.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1923161\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 672px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1923161\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ron-Melcer1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"672\" height=\"504\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ron-Melcer1.jpg 672w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ron-Melcer1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ron-Melcer1-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ron-Melcer1-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ron-Melcer1-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 672px) 100vw, 672px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ron Melcer is a a senior environmental scientist at the Delta Stewardship Council, which has released a new white paper examining climate change impacts on the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. \u003ccite>(Photo Courtesy Delta Stewardship Council)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Water Deeply: What is the purpose of this report? Is it a first?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Ronald Melcer: We\u003c/span>’ve set out to do a series of synthesis papers that try and really distill the new science since 2013 related to various topics. We see climate change as a major one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t believe there’s been a synthesis of climate change specific to the Delta, though. So in that sense, this is new. It’s a more definitive look at climate change in the Delta than we’ve had before. We were really trying to set the stage for how we think about restoration in the Delta, and at the same time be as comprehensive as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Water Deeply: What is your sea level rise projection in this report?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>Melcer: There is nearly a 70 percent chance that by 2100 we’re going to see 2.4ft of sea level rise at the Golden Gate Bridge. That’s with a low-emissions scenario, which is based on the Paris climate agreement. So if we were to do some significant work, it would take really relying on the best available technology, doing carbon sequestration and coupling that with a zero-emissions way of living. The way we operate on the planet would fundamentally change. It’s pretty optimistic to think that we’ll get there. But that’s what the Paris agreement calls for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The high emissions scenario is more akin to the trajectory that we’re on at this point. That\u003c/span>’s sort of a business as usual scenario. So if we don’t do anything, that’s where we’re headed. That shows 3.4ft of sea level rise by 2100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Water Deeply: Will the Delta see the same magnitude of sea level rise as the Golden Gate?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Melcer: Depending on where you are, it will be less than these maximum numbers. But there are some interesting interactions that happen as land elevation changes and the forces of streamflow come in to meet with the tidal waters. That actually drives the water surface elevation up a little bit in localized areas.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Currently we’re working on engaging some technical expertise to do a climate vulnerability assessment within the Delta. This is a key question we would be looking to answer: What do water surface elevations look like within the Delta? We’ll be identifying assets and vulnerabilities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: How will water flows change through the estuary?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Melcer: There is not universal agreement on the total amount of precipitation we would expect. But the big takeaways are that we expect to see higher streamflow due to rainfall in the winter across all the models. That ties back to atmospheric temperature, ocean temperature, warmer storms coming onboard. And on average, the peak of runoff would shift by one month earlier in the season.\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Water Deeply: What sort of management issues does this raise?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Melcer: T\u003c/span>he system is really predicated on a large snowpack that slowly feeds the reservoirs and river systems. So if we see shifts in runoff, that system starts to require changes in how we operate reservoirs. And that then has downstream impacts on our ability to provide for water supply and water quality management. There’s this cascading effect across all the functions that we rely on our reservoir systems for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Water Deeply: What are the potential downstream effects?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Melcer: The Department of Water Resources has done some interesting modeling that shows the effects of just an increase in the frequency and magnitude of flood flows. There’s also an expectation that the occurrence of atmospheric rivers will increase. So on average, we expect flood volumes to increase 60–80 percent on the San Joaquin River, and 10–20 percent on the Sacramento River. That has to do with elevations of the mountain ranges in those different basins.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">These are significant increases in the amount of water that’s flowing across the landscape during a flood event. Whereas, historically we would see some of that contributing to snowpack and then being released slowly through the melting process later in the year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">For some San Joaquin basin streams, we expect to see more than a 50 percent increase in 100-year flood events. That’s a massive increase in risk. We have an opportunity to start to figure out what that means, what our flood management infrastructure should look like, with some of the modeling work that\u003c/span>’s come out. We should be thinking about what we need on the landscape to pass that magnitude of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: How will salinity change in the estuary?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Melcer: There are a couple of implications. An increase in water surface elevation increases the amount of salt water that makes its way into the Delta. We really focus on the implications for habitat, for fish species. That mixing point between freshwater and salt water is really important for the aquatic ecosystem.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">If we are to continue to manage water quality in the Delta with reservoirs, it really is going to require increased reservoir releases to counter that influx of salinity. Some studies have shown that, with 1ft of sea level rise, it would require almost 500,000 acre-feet of additional Delta outflow, generally in the form of reservoir releases, to meet salinity requirements as they stand at this point.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Water Deeply: That sounds like a lot of additional pressure on the state’s water system.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Melcer: It starts to paint a picture where we\u003c/span>’re having difficulty meeting all of those objectives. The implications of increasing streamflow in winter and less runoff later in the year leave us with reservoirs that are not full, and then we’re unable to really use managed flows to deal with things like salinity intrusion in the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">We release flow at certain times of year to protect fish and their spawning activities. Supporting these fish becomes really difficult in these future scenarios where that flexibility continues to be reduced by dynamics of precipitation, sea level rise and salinity intrusion.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2018/04/27/california-delta-a-flash-point-for-conflict-as-climate-change-unfolds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1923154/california-delta-a-flash-point-for-conflict-as-climate-change-unfolds","authors":["byline_science_1923154"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_3151","science_3424","science_40","science_2873","science_98"],"tags":["science_194","science_192","science_324","science_100","science_206","science_201"],"featImg":"science_1923160","label":"source_science_1923154"},"science_1916079":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1916079","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1916079","score":null,"sort":[1506927669000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"future-of-huge-california-water-project-may-hang-on-the-next-few-weeks","title":"Future of Huge California Water Project May Hang on the Next Few Weeks","publishDate":1506927669,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Future of Huge California Water Project May Hang on the Next Few Weeks | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":87,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>California’s biggest water project in decades appears to be in limbo after a key irrigation district voted not to help underwrite Gov. Jerry Brown’s plan to build two giant tunnels that would re-engineer water transport in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">For the last 75 years or so, we’ve tried to figure out how to move water from north to south.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The no-vote at the Fresno-based Westlands Water District — the largest agricultural water supplier in the U.S. — puts the $17 billion project’s funding on shaky ground. Will other water districts pick up the slack? Other large water agencies considering participating in the project are set to vote soon. Another key player, Los Angeles’ Metropolitan Water District , will vote on October 10. The Santa Clara Valley Water District, based in San Jose, will weigh in a week later. But with the loss of Westland’s support, some are left wondering if the controversial project is already doomed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”eS3Wtyt0HlhjkPmIJLtpGyOyKaR91T65″]KQED’s Brian Watt spoke with Paul Rogers, \u003cspan class=\"s1\">managing editor for KQED’s Science unit and the environment writer for the San Jose Mercury News\u003c/span>, about the delta tunnels project and what may lie ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brian Watt: This is a project that is touted as benefiting both the delta environment and water consumers. Remind us how these delta tunnels are supposed to work.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Rogers: When you talk about water in California, the big picture is that three-quarters of all the rain and the snow falls in the northern part of the state and three-quarters of the people live in the south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_868011\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-868011 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop-800x822.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"822\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop-800x822.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop-400x411.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop-768x789.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop-1180x1212.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop-960x986.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop.png 1275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Twin tunnels, 40 feet in diameter, would shuttle water from the Sacramento River, through the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, to farms and cities to the south. \u003ccite>(KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So, for the last 75 years or so, we’ve tried to figure out how to move water from north to south. Right now, in the delta we have these giant pumps near Tracy. What happens is when we pump water south, they grind up and kill fish like salmon and smelt and as those species have gotten endangered, less water at certain times of the year. So, Jerry Brown’s idea is let’s build these two tunnels, 40-feet high, costing three times what the Bay Bridge costs, to take the water from farther north in the delta and rely on these pumps less, so people can get the water more reliably.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: The project has had some pretty vocal opponents.: some environmentalists, some members of the delta’s congressional delegation. But why did a huge farm irrigation district, Westlands, pull its support when its customer were supposed to benefit from it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers: It’s a great question, you know, environmentalists have been against this thing all along. They argue that if you build these giant tunnels, it’ll make it easier for big corporate interests in the Central Valley and Los Angeles to take northern California’s water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some of those farmers in the Westlands Water District near Fresno, their board voted recently, 7-to-1, to pull out of this plan. They were supposed to pay three billion of the 17 billion-dollar cost. They decided not to because, number one, it was a huge amount of money and it was going to raise what they paid for water. Number two, they weren’t being guaranteed by the Brown administration they were going to get any more water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That no-vote sent shock waves across the California water world because it meant the other agencies that might want to participate were going to have to pay a lot more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: So the Metropolitan Water District in L.A. has a big vote coming up on October 10. What do you think is going to happen?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”ITT6VAdYDMkzpdMDz03OHPhqpyKtDZl3″]Rogers: Some of the folks down there on that board have been raising questions about the cost. I think if I had to handicap it, I’d say that there’s probably about a 75 percent chance that they’ll vote for it. So that’ll be a big win for Governor Brown, but that doesn’t mean the project is done because there are other water agencies, like the Santa Clara Valley Water District in San Jose that still have yet to vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brian Watt: So, where does this leave the project now? State water agencies and other big supporters say it’s far from dead.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers: It’s just fascinating. I think there have already been more than a dozen lawsuits filed against this project and even if water agencies approve it, it’s probably going to be held up in court for years. The Santa Clara Valley Water District is sort of wobbling. I think they may want a smaller project. So, it’s still hardly a sure thing. Jerry Brown leaves office in 15 months and his successors — his likely successors — are not huge supporters of this. They’re not opponents, but they’re not embracing it the way Brown does. So, I think in the next few weeks we’re really going to see whether or not this thing has a chance of being built or whether the final stake is driven through its heart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: What does Governor Brown think of this?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers: You know, it’s worth remembering that Governor Brown has two giant legacy construction projects: high speed rail and this tunnels project. His dad built a lot of big things around California when he was governor in the ’60s and this is Brown’s attempt to do that.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California’s biggest water project in decades appears to be in limbo, as questions about its funding persist.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928361,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":978},"headData":{"title":"Future of Huge California Water Project May Hang on the Next Few Weeks | KQED","description":"California’s biggest water project in decades appears to be in limbo, as questions about its funding persist.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/09/Waterfix-2way.mp3","sticky":false,"nprByline":"KQED Science","path":"/science/1916079/future-of-huge-california-water-project-may-hang-on-the-next-few-weeks","audioDuration":267000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s biggest water project in decades appears to be in limbo after a key irrigation district voted not to help underwrite Gov. Jerry Brown’s plan to build two giant tunnels that would re-engineer water transport in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">For the last 75 years or so, we’ve tried to figure out how to move water from north to south.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The no-vote at the Fresno-based Westlands Water District — the largest agricultural water supplier in the U.S. — puts the $17 billion project’s funding on shaky ground. Will other water districts pick up the slack? Other large water agencies considering participating in the project are set to vote soon. Another key player, Los Angeles’ Metropolitan Water District , will vote on October 10. The Santa Clara Valley Water District, based in San Jose, will weigh in a week later. But with the loss of Westland’s support, some are left wondering if the controversial project is already doomed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>KQED’s Brian Watt spoke with Paul Rogers, \u003cspan class=\"s1\">managing editor for KQED’s Science unit and the environment writer for the San Jose Mercury News\u003c/span>, about the delta tunnels project and what may lie ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brian Watt: This is a project that is touted as benefiting both the delta environment and water consumers. Remind us how these delta tunnels are supposed to work.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Rogers: When you talk about water in California, the big picture is that three-quarters of all the rain and the snow falls in the northern part of the state and three-quarters of the people live in the south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_868011\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-868011 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop-800x822.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"822\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop-800x822.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop-400x411.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop-768x789.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop-1180x1212.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop-960x986.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop.png 1275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Twin tunnels, 40 feet in diameter, would shuttle water from the Sacramento River, through the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, to farms and cities to the south. \u003ccite>(KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So, for the last 75 years or so, we’ve tried to figure out how to move water from north to south. Right now, in the delta we have these giant pumps near Tracy. What happens is when we pump water south, they grind up and kill fish like salmon and smelt and as those species have gotten endangered, less water at certain times of the year. So, Jerry Brown’s idea is let’s build these two tunnels, 40-feet high, costing three times what the Bay Bridge costs, to take the water from farther north in the delta and rely on these pumps less, so people can get the water more reliably.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: The project has had some pretty vocal opponents.: some environmentalists, some members of the delta’s congressional delegation. But why did a huge farm irrigation district, Westlands, pull its support when its customer were supposed to benefit from it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers: It’s a great question, you know, environmentalists have been against this thing all along. They argue that if you build these giant tunnels, it’ll make it easier for big corporate interests in the Central Valley and Los Angeles to take northern California’s water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some of those farmers in the Westlands Water District near Fresno, their board voted recently, 7-to-1, to pull out of this plan. They were supposed to pay three billion of the 17 billion-dollar cost. They decided not to because, number one, it was a huge amount of money and it was going to raise what they paid for water. Number two, they weren’t being guaranteed by the Brown administration they were going to get any more water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That no-vote sent shock waves across the California water world because it meant the other agencies that might want to participate were going to have to pay a lot more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: So the Metropolitan Water District in L.A. has a big vote coming up on October 10. What do you think is going to happen?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Rogers: Some of the folks down there on that board have been raising questions about the cost. I think if I had to handicap it, I’d say that there’s probably about a 75 percent chance that they’ll vote for it. So that’ll be a big win for Governor Brown, but that doesn’t mean the project is done because there are other water agencies, like the Santa Clara Valley Water District in San Jose that still have yet to vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brian Watt: So, where does this leave the project now? State water agencies and other big supporters say it’s far from dead.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers: It’s just fascinating. I think there have already been more than a dozen lawsuits filed against this project and even if water agencies approve it, it’s probably going to be held up in court for years. The Santa Clara Valley Water District is sort of wobbling. I think they may want a smaller project. So, it’s still hardly a sure thing. Jerry Brown leaves office in 15 months and his successors — his likely successors — are not huge supporters of this. They’re not opponents, but they’re not embracing it the way Brown does. So, I think in the next few weeks we’re really going to see whether or not this thing has a chance of being built or whether the final stake is driven through its heart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: What does Governor Brown think of this?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers: You know, it’s worth remembering that Governor Brown has two giant legacy construction projects: high speed rail and this tunnels project. His dad built a lot of big things around California when he was governor in the ’60s and this is Brown’s attempt to do that.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1916079/future-of-huge-california-water-project-may-hang-on-the-next-few-weeks","authors":["byline_science_1916079"],"series":["science_87"],"categories":["science_89","science_40","science_3423","science_98"],"tags":["science_3370","science_100"],"featImg":"science_863594","label":"science_87"},"science_1253969":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1253969","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1253969","score":null,"sort":[1482175503000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"one-tunnel-or-two-answer-could-decide-fate-of-sacramento-san-joaquin-delta-water","title":"Group Urges 11th Hour Shift in Plan for Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","publishDate":1482175503,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Group Urges 11th Hour Shift in Plan for Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"start\">If two water \u003c/span>diversion tunnels could help solve California’s water delivery woes, can one tunnel be even better?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Over the past decade, state officials have designed a massive plumbing solution for the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Known as \u003ca title=\"Link: https://www.californiawaterfix.com/\" href=\"https://www.californiawaterfix.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">California WaterFix\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, it involves building two giant tunnels to divert a portion of the Sacramento River’s flow underneath the estuary and directly to existing diversion pumps and canals near Tracy. The cost is estimated at more than $15 billion.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The project is aimed at making freshwater diversions more reliable while also protecting native fish from being killed by the current water diversion system. An estimated 25 million Californians and 3 million acres (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">1.2 \u003c/span>million hectares) of farmland rely on those water diversions today.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The idea of a single tunnel was \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/resources/portfolio-based-conceptual-alternative-bay-delta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">first proposed\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in 2013 by a coalition of water agencies and environmental groups led by the Natural Resources Defense Council.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Now there’s fresh buzz around the idea after water experts at the Public Policy Institute of California, a prominent think tank, published an op-ed in t\u003cspan class=\"s2\">he \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/opinion/california-forum/article118384708.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Sacramento Bee\u003c/a>\u003c/span> urging state officials to reconsider the idea.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“We still feel the status quo is getting us nowhere good, fast,” said Ellen Hanak, director of the Water Policy Center at the \u003cspan class=\"caps\">PPIC\u003c/span> and a coauthor of the column. “You have to look at where is there an opportunity for moving from getting what you want to getting what you need.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The proposal calls for a single tunnel capable of moving water at 3,000 cubic feet per second (85 cubic meters per second). That sounds like a lot less than two tunnels jointly diverting 9,000 cubic feet per second (255 cubic meters per second). But in reality, one tunnel would deliver only about 10 percent less water, according to the state’s own 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://baydeltaconservationplan.com/Libraries/Dynamic_Document_Library/BDCP_and_Portfolio_Concept_letter_9-11-13_Corrected_9-16-13.sflb.ashx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">analysis\u003c/span>\u003c/a> of the proposal.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1253973\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1253973 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/CWF_Map_Text.jpeg\" alt=\"This map of the California WaterFix project shows part of the route for the proposed twin water diversion tunnels across the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, along with intakes and some other facilities. \" width=\"1400\" height=\"1227\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/CWF_Map_Text.jpeg 1400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/CWF_Map_Text-160x140.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/CWF_Map_Text-800x701.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/CWF_Map_Text-768x673.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/CWF_Map_Text-1020x894.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/CWF_Map_Text-1180x1034.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/CWF_Map_Text-960x841.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/CWF_Map_Text-240x210.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/CWF_Map_Text-375x329.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/CWF_Map_Text-520x456.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This map of the California WaterFix project shows part of the route for the proposed twin water diversion tunnels across the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, along with intakes and some other facilities. \u003ccite>(California WaterFix)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">That’s because a major reason for a second tunnel is to provide backup, in case one tunnel goes down for maintenance or is damaged somehow, said Erin Mellon, a spokeswoman for the California Natural Resources Agency.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“One tunnel would be bad engineering,” Mellon said. “You need the redundancy of two, because you don’t want to have to shut down the system for days, weeks or months and cut off water supply for Californians. That’s a very, very big piece of it.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">She also notes that building one tunnel instead of two won’t cut the cost in half. The state estimated it could save $3 billion, because many up-front costs won’t change much, such as project design and land acquisition.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">But Hanak said $3 billion is a significant saving when a number of water agencies remain on the fence about investing in the project.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Another motivation, Hanak said, is simple goodwill. Many opponents cite the fact that dual tunnels have capacity to divert more than 9,000 cubic feet per second from the Sacramento River. The only thing holding them to that number are the rules governing tunnel operations. And many Delta residents and environmental groups have little faith in those rules.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Hanak said a single tunnel might ease a lot of opposition to the project. It also might avoid some litigation that would delay construction, which will only drive up costs further.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“There are just enduring trust issues, let’s say, with people not convinced in the governance of the thing,” Hanak said. “Our hope is it generates some discussion among some folks who actually do need to decide whether they want to make a deal.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">After publication of the \u003cspan class=\"caps\">PPIC\u003c/span> op-ed, several environmental groups released statements expressing an open-minded attitude toward a single-tunnel solution. Most of them understand, after all, that the reliance on current water diversions in the South Delta is part of the problem for native fish species.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">One of them is the Golden Gate Salmon Association, which represents commercial and recreational fishermen and the businesses that rely on them, including bait shops and restaurants, as well as tribal organizations and coastal communities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“The existing way of moving water across the Delta to the export pumps is lethal on juvenile salmon,” said John McManus, the group’s executive director. “All of a sudden, it feels like perhaps there’s an opening here to consider some other alternative.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Roger Patterson, assistant general manager of the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, said he’s open to new discussions about a single tunnel. Metropolitan, with its large urban ratepayer base, is considered the biggest financial backer of the tunnel project.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“It’s good they’re kicking it around. I’m always willing to talk,” said Patterson. “But I just don’t think it performs well for either of the so-called ‘co-equal goals.’”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Those goals refer to the requirement, now enshrined in state law, that a Delta fix must improve water supply reliability while also restoring the ecosystem.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Patterson said dual tunnels perform better for water supply reliability because they are large enough to take a “big gulp” from stormwater outflow, a time when water diversions are less harmful to fish. Two tunnels also might perform better for the ecosystem, because they would mean less reliance on existing diversion pumps in the south Delta, which reverse natural water flows and kill millions of fish every year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The current two-tunnel proposal would still use the south Delta pumps about half the time. A single tunnel would probably keep the south Delta pumps in play even more often, although that level of analysis hasn’t been done yet.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">If an alternative is going to get serious consideration, it has to happen soon. After a decade of work, the plan for two tunnels is close to approval: A final environmental impact study is expected by mid-2017, with a notice of decision likely by year end.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">A single-tunnel option is not among the options analyzed in that environmental impact study, so even adding it as a formal alternative would create delays.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“It’s pretty clear that we are moving forward with the WaterFix as it stands today, based on the fact that we’re really coming to the final stages in a lot of these important permitting discussions,” Mellon said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"Normal__Char\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"Normal__Char\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"Normal__Char\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/12/19/think-tank-urges-fresh-look-at-the-delta-water-tunnel-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"Normal__Char\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"Normal__Char\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"Normal__Char\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"Normal__Char\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"At the 11th hour, one think tank seeks to rekindle interest in building one water diversion tunnel instead of two. But it might be too late to shift course.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704929282,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1181},"headData":{"title":"Group Urges 11th Hour Shift in Plan for Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta | KQED","description":"At the 11th hour, one think tank seeks to rekindle interest in building one water diversion tunnel instead of two. But it might be too late to shift course.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Water Deeply ","sourceUrl":"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Matt Weiser\u003cbr>Water Deeply","path":"/science/1253969/one-tunnel-or-two-answer-could-decide-fate-of-sacramento-san-joaquin-delta-water","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"start\">If two water \u003c/span>diversion tunnels could help solve California’s water delivery woes, can one tunnel be even better?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Over the past decade, state officials have designed a massive plumbing solution for the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Known as \u003ca title=\"Link: https://www.californiawaterfix.com/\" href=\"https://www.californiawaterfix.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">California WaterFix\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, it involves building two giant tunnels to divert a portion of the Sacramento River’s flow underneath the estuary and directly to existing diversion pumps and canals near Tracy. The cost is estimated at more than $15 billion.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The project is aimed at making freshwater diversions more reliable while also protecting native fish from being killed by the current water diversion system. An estimated 25 million Californians and 3 million acres (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">1.2 \u003c/span>million hectares) of farmland rely on those water diversions today.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The idea of a single tunnel was \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/resources/portfolio-based-conceptual-alternative-bay-delta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">first proposed\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in 2013 by a coalition of water agencies and environmental groups led by the Natural Resources Defense Council.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Now there’s fresh buzz around the idea after water experts at the Public Policy Institute of California, a prominent think tank, published an op-ed in t\u003cspan class=\"s2\">he \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/opinion/california-forum/article118384708.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Sacramento Bee\u003c/a>\u003c/span> urging state officials to reconsider the idea.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“We still feel the status quo is getting us nowhere good, fast,” said Ellen Hanak, director of the Water Policy Center at the \u003cspan class=\"caps\">PPIC\u003c/span> and a coauthor of the column. “You have to look at where is there an opportunity for moving from getting what you want to getting what you need.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The proposal calls for a single tunnel capable of moving water at 3,000 cubic feet per second (85 cubic meters per second). That sounds like a lot less than two tunnels jointly diverting 9,000 cubic feet per second (255 cubic meters per second). But in reality, one tunnel would deliver only about 10 percent less water, according to the state’s own 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://baydeltaconservationplan.com/Libraries/Dynamic_Document_Library/BDCP_and_Portfolio_Concept_letter_9-11-13_Corrected_9-16-13.sflb.ashx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">analysis\u003c/span>\u003c/a> of the proposal.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1253973\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1253973 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/CWF_Map_Text.jpeg\" alt=\"This map of the California WaterFix project shows part of the route for the proposed twin water diversion tunnels across the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, along with intakes and some other facilities. \" width=\"1400\" height=\"1227\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/CWF_Map_Text.jpeg 1400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/CWF_Map_Text-160x140.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/CWF_Map_Text-800x701.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/CWF_Map_Text-768x673.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/CWF_Map_Text-1020x894.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/CWF_Map_Text-1180x1034.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/CWF_Map_Text-960x841.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/CWF_Map_Text-240x210.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/CWF_Map_Text-375x329.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/CWF_Map_Text-520x456.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This map of the California WaterFix project shows part of the route for the proposed twin water diversion tunnels across the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, along with intakes and some other facilities. \u003ccite>(California WaterFix)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">That’s because a major reason for a second tunnel is to provide backup, in case one tunnel goes down for maintenance or is damaged somehow, said Erin Mellon, a spokeswoman for the California Natural Resources Agency.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“One tunnel would be bad engineering,” Mellon said. “You need the redundancy of two, because you don’t want to have to shut down the system for days, weeks or months and cut off water supply for Californians. That’s a very, very big piece of it.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">She also notes that building one tunnel instead of two won’t cut the cost in half. The state estimated it could save $3 billion, because many up-front costs won’t change much, such as project design and land acquisition.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">But Hanak said $3 billion is a significant saving when a number of water agencies remain on the fence about investing in the project.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Another motivation, Hanak said, is simple goodwill. Many opponents cite the fact that dual tunnels have capacity to divert more than 9,000 cubic feet per second from the Sacramento River. The only thing holding them to that number are the rules governing tunnel operations. And many Delta residents and environmental groups have little faith in those rules.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Hanak said a single tunnel might ease a lot of opposition to the project. It also might avoid some litigation that would delay construction, which will only drive up costs further.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“There are just enduring trust issues, let’s say, with people not convinced in the governance of the thing,” Hanak said. “Our hope is it generates some discussion among some folks who actually do need to decide whether they want to make a deal.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">After publication of the \u003cspan class=\"caps\">PPIC\u003c/span> op-ed, several environmental groups released statements expressing an open-minded attitude toward a single-tunnel solution. Most of them understand, after all, that the reliance on current water diversions in the South Delta is part of the problem for native fish species.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">One of them is the Golden Gate Salmon Association, which represents commercial and recreational fishermen and the businesses that rely on them, including bait shops and restaurants, as well as tribal organizations and coastal communities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“The existing way of moving water across the Delta to the export pumps is lethal on juvenile salmon,” said John McManus, the group’s executive director. “All of a sudden, it feels like perhaps there’s an opening here to consider some other alternative.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Roger Patterson, assistant general manager of the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, said he’s open to new discussions about a single tunnel. Metropolitan, with its large urban ratepayer base, is considered the biggest financial backer of the tunnel project.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“It’s good they’re kicking it around. I’m always willing to talk,” said Patterson. “But I just don’t think it performs well for either of the so-called ‘co-equal goals.’”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Those goals refer to the requirement, now enshrined in state law, that a Delta fix must improve water supply reliability while also restoring the ecosystem.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Patterson said dual tunnels perform better for water supply reliability because they are large enough to take a “big gulp” from stormwater outflow, a time when water diversions are less harmful to fish. Two tunnels also might perform better for the ecosystem, because they would mean less reliance on existing diversion pumps in the south Delta, which reverse natural water flows and kill millions of fish every year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The current two-tunnel proposal would still use the south Delta pumps about half the time. A single tunnel would probably keep the south Delta pumps in play even more often, although that level of analysis hasn’t been done yet.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">If an alternative is going to get serious consideration, it has to happen soon. After a decade of work, the plan for two tunnels is close to approval: A final environmental impact study is expected by mid-2017, with a notice of decision likely by year end.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">A single-tunnel option is not among the options analyzed in that environmental impact study, so even adding it as a formal alternative would create delays.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“It’s pretty clear that we are moving forward with the WaterFix as it stands today, based on the fact that we’re really coming to the final stages in a lot of these important permitting discussions,” Mellon said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"Normal__Char\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"Normal__Char\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"Normal__Char\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/12/19/think-tank-urges-fresh-look-at-the-delta-water-tunnel-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"Normal__Char\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"Normal__Char\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"Normal__Char\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"Normal__Char\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1253969/one-tunnel-or-two-answer-could-decide-fate-of-sacramento-san-joaquin-delta-water","authors":["byline_science_1253969"],"categories":["science_35","science_98"],"tags":["science_813","science_100"],"featImg":"science_1254089","label":"source_science_1253969"},"science_998491":{"type":"posts","id":"science_998491","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"998491","score":null,"sort":[1474044632000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"bay-area-water-supply-in-the-crosshairs-of-new-river-plan","title":"Bay Area Water Supply in the Crosshairs of New River Plan","publishDate":1474044632,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Water Supply in the Crosshairs of New River Plan | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":87,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>State water officials have released a proposal to boost the flow of California’s second-longest river, the San Joaquin. The river plays a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/08/19/the-biggest-california-water-decision-youve-never-heard-of/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">huge role in the state’s water supply\u003c/a>, which means even San Francisco and other Bay Area cities could be facing cutbacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State Water Resources Control Board says restoring water to the river is necessary to bring back endangered salmon and protect water quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an unprecedented move, the water board will likely take that water from districts with “senior” rights, like the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission. Their water rights have long been considered untouchable because they’re some of the oldest in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reviving a Dry River\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”kHU93rSb6DA8Obd13j5cs0uyT28It0sC”]The San Joaquin River isn’t considered a “river” by some. It goes completely dry in places because farms and cities pump so much water out of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of this unsustainable diversion of water has led to a collapse of salmon populations that used to be the most abundant salmon populations in California,” says Jon Rosenfield, a biologist with the Bay Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As required by federal law, the state water board must review water quality on the San Joaquin River, but \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/08/19/the-biggest-california-water-decision-youve-never-heard-of/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hasn’t substantially updated its plan for the river in 20 years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taking recent salmon declines into account, the board is proposing that 40 percent of the river’s flow be restored, including the water flowing down the river’s three tributaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bay Area Supply\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFPUC and its Hetch Hetchy Water System gets the majority of its water from one of those tributaries, the Tuolumne River. It supplies more than two million people in San Francisco and on the Peninsula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big deal,” says Steven Ritchie, SFPUC’s Assistant General Manager. “It’s not whether or not, but how much of an impact an action like this would have on us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cutbacks could also affect the agricultural water districts on the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an all-out assault on the people in these affected communities,” says Jake Wenger of Modesto Irrigation District.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s going to be huge because it’s going to set a precedent for every water rights holder in the state of California.’\u003ccite>Jake Wenger, Modesto Irrigation District\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Wenger expects to see fallowed farmland and job losses in his district. State officials estimate $64 million dollars in economic losses statewide, though agricultural areas estimate it to be higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFPUC’s water supply would be cut before supplies for agricultural areas like Turlock Irrigation District and Modesto Irrigation District, because its water rights are junior to theirs. The state water board will hold lengthy hearings determining where the water cuts should come from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If cutbacks are implemented, the SFPUC would have to ramp up conservation or look for new water supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By using water more efficiently, we can continue to have a strong economy while restoring our rivers and the Bay-Delta,” says Peter Drekmeier of the Tuolumne River Trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Urban people tend to have more resources than agricultural people, so urbans have more flexibility,” says Ritchie. “But when the requirements get extreme, you’re pushing that to the extreme and the water rate implications of dealing with this are probably significant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Untouchable Water Rights\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water board’s plan marks \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/08/19/the-biggest-california-water-decision-youve-never-heard-of/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the first time that many “senior” water districts\u003c/a> will contend with cuts for endangered wildlife, which is common for many districts with junior rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to be huge because it’s going to set a precedent for every water rights holder in the state of California,” says Wenger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservationists are equally unhappy about the proposal, but for the opposite reason. They say it’s not enough water in the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The flows called for are very unlikely to make the San Joaquin into a functioning, viable river again,” says Rosenfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is trying to strike a balance between people and wildlife on the San Joaquin River, but no one is happy. The proposal could be approved early next year. Lawsuits will probably follow soon after.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A plan to bring back endangered salmon could mean cutbacks for San Francisco and other Bay Area cities.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704929624,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":724},"headData":{"title":"Bay Area Water Supply in the Crosshairs of New River Plan | KQED","description":"A plan to bring back endangered salmon could mean cutbacks for San Francisco and other Bay Area cities.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/998491/bay-area-water-supply-in-the-crosshairs-of-new-river-plan","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>State water officials have released a proposal to boost the flow of California’s second-longest river, the San Joaquin. The river plays a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/08/19/the-biggest-california-water-decision-youve-never-heard-of/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">huge role in the state’s water supply\u003c/a>, which means even San Francisco and other Bay Area cities could be facing cutbacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State Water Resources Control Board says restoring water to the river is necessary to bring back endangered salmon and protect water quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an unprecedented move, the water board will likely take that water from districts with “senior” rights, like the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission. Their water rights have long been considered untouchable because they’re some of the oldest in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reviving a Dry River\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The San Joaquin River isn’t considered a “river” by some. It goes completely dry in places because farms and cities pump so much water out of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of this unsustainable diversion of water has led to a collapse of salmon populations that used to be the most abundant salmon populations in California,” says Jon Rosenfield, a biologist with the Bay Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As required by federal law, the state water board must review water quality on the San Joaquin River, but \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/08/19/the-biggest-california-water-decision-youve-never-heard-of/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hasn’t substantially updated its plan for the river in 20 years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taking recent salmon declines into account, the board is proposing that 40 percent of the river’s flow be restored, including the water flowing down the river’s three tributaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bay Area Supply\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFPUC and its Hetch Hetchy Water System gets the majority of its water from one of those tributaries, the Tuolumne River. It supplies more than two million people in San Francisco and on the Peninsula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big deal,” says Steven Ritchie, SFPUC’s Assistant General Manager. “It’s not whether or not, but how much of an impact an action like this would have on us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cutbacks could also affect the agricultural water districts on the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an all-out assault on the people in these affected communities,” says Jake Wenger of Modesto Irrigation District.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s going to be huge because it’s going to set a precedent for every water rights holder in the state of California.’\u003ccite>Jake Wenger, Modesto Irrigation District\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Wenger expects to see fallowed farmland and job losses in his district. State officials estimate $64 million dollars in economic losses statewide, though agricultural areas estimate it to be higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFPUC’s water supply would be cut before supplies for agricultural areas like Turlock Irrigation District and Modesto Irrigation District, because its water rights are junior to theirs. The state water board will hold lengthy hearings determining where the water cuts should come from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If cutbacks are implemented, the SFPUC would have to ramp up conservation or look for new water supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By using water more efficiently, we can continue to have a strong economy while restoring our rivers and the Bay-Delta,” says Peter Drekmeier of the Tuolumne River Trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Urban people tend to have more resources than agricultural people, so urbans have more flexibility,” says Ritchie. “But when the requirements get extreme, you’re pushing that to the extreme and the water rate implications of dealing with this are probably significant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Untouchable Water Rights\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water board’s plan marks \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/08/19/the-biggest-california-water-decision-youve-never-heard-of/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the first time that many “senior” water districts\u003c/a> will contend with cuts for endangered wildlife, which is common for many districts with junior rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to be huge because it’s going to set a precedent for every water rights holder in the state of California,” says Wenger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservationists are equally unhappy about the proposal, but for the opposite reason. They say it’s not enough water in the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The flows called for are very unlikely to make the San Joaquin into a functioning, viable river again,” says Rosenfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is trying to strike a balance between people and wildlife on the San Joaquin River, but no one is happy. The proposal could be approved early next year. Lawsuits will probably follow soon after.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/998491/bay-area-water-supply-in-the-crosshairs-of-new-river-plan","authors":["239"],"series":["science_87"],"categories":["science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_572","science_261","science_100","science_247","science_201"],"featImg":"science_998492","label":"science_87"},"science_30191":{"type":"posts","id":"science_30191","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"30191","score":null,"sort":[1431528442000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"as-delta-smelt-nears-extinction-new-concerns-emerge-over-bay-dredging","title":"As Delta Smelt Nears Extinction, New Concerns Emerge Over Dredging","publishDate":1431528442,"format":"aside","headTitle":"As Delta Smelt Nears Extinction, New Concerns Emerge Over Dredging | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1151,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30199\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/05/smelt-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-30199\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/05/smelt-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"A Delta smelt caught during a spring survey. Biologists warn the fish is close to extinction. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Delta smelt caught during an annual fish survey. Biologists warn the fish is close to extinction. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hated by many, loved by few, the tiny Delta smelt has long been the symbol for California’s water wars and the struggle between the state’s environmentalists and farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, as the state struggles through its fourth year of historic drought, the fish is dangerously close to extinction after years of decline, biologists warn. And that’s igniting new scrutiny over the impacts that could drive the species over the brink, including one that isn’t well-known – the annual dredging of shipping channels in the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, regulators with the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board will vote on whether dredgers \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/sanfranciscobay/board_decisions/tentative_orders/USACE/USACE%202015-2019%20OM%20Dredging%20TO_3-20-15.pdf\">must use different equipment\u003c/a> in some channels to avoid killing threatened fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Maritime Highways\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Bay’s cargo ship traffic goes far beyond the Port of Oakland, extending all the way to Sacramento and Stockton, where ports disperse California’s fresh produce and agricultural goods. The only way ships can safely make their way inland is through deep-water channels that are cut through the sediment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of San Francisco Bay is shallow enough for a person to stand in or touch the bottom,” said Jessica Burton Evans, Navigation Program Manager with the Army Corps of Engineers in San Francisco. “So we really need to maintain those deep channels so that the ships can move safely and not run aground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Corps is responsible for dredging and maintaining the shipping lanes, which involves clearing millions of cubic yards of mud, sand and silt every year. It’s often done with a hydraulic dredge or “hopper dredge,” which works like a giant, underwater vacuum cleaner that sucks in sediment and water.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘These fish are in dire and extreme danger of extinction.’\u003ccite>— Jon Rosenfield, Bay Institute biologist \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“A hopper dredge is a relatively large piece of equipment compared to those fish,” said Burton Evans. “If they get too close, they just aren’t able to swim fast enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to an analysis done in 2013 by the Corps, the dredging could be killing thousands of Delta smelt a year. In 2011, the impact was estimated at between 3 and 29 percent of the population. That was based on looking for fish in a small amount of dredge material, and state biologists say a larger sample is needed to validate the findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The longfin smelt, another fish that’s listed as threatened under the California Endangered Species Act, is also harmed. Dredging can also create loud, underwater noise and sediment plumes that can stress smelt or hurt their ability to feed, scientists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the higher estimates of harm are true, “that is just an exceptional amount of impact and something that is surprising,” said Jon Rosenfield, biologist with the Bay Institute, an environmental group based in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Population Crash\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delta smelt populations have been in freefall for several years, due to a variety of reasons, according to biologists. Its fate has been at the center of the state’s water wars long before the drought began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta smelt lives in the same estuary that supplies water to 25 million Californians and irrigates millions of acres of farmland. Huge pumps at the southern edge of the Delta near Tracy pull water into canals that go from Silicon Valley to San Diego. In some years, more than 50 percent of the fresh water that would normally be flowing out to San Francisco Bay is diverted away from the Delta. In the process, the pumping kills Delta smelt and shrinks its habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, federal biologists have ordered water pumping be slowed down during times when smelt are vulnerable, which reduces water deliveries to farms and cities. Some farmers blame the smelt for the current water shortages, although the last time water pumping was slowed to protect the smelt was in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the extreme drought conditions this year, an annual survey for Delta smelt run by state biologists caught the lowest numbers of fish ever recorded — just one fish this spring. In other years, they’ve found hundreds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30224\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/05/17444167446_4b96dc6fbd_o-1024x649.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/05/17444167446_4b96dc6fbd_o-1024x649.jpg\" alt=\"The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers supervises dredging in the Delta to allow passage of ocean-going ships like the Maria Theo, pictured on the San Joaquin River near Antioch. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"649\" class=\"size-large wp-image-30224\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers supervises dredging in the Delta to allow passage of ocean-going ships like the Maria Theo, pictured on the San Joaquin River near Antioch. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rosenfield believes the water pumping is still the largest impact on the Delta smelt by far, but because its numbers have dropped so low, no threats to the fish should be overlooked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We haven’t taken care of these populations prior to this year well enough,” said Rosenfield. “We haven’t allowed them to thrive when conditions are good or even average because we take so much water out of this estuary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So once we get into a drought and populations begin to crash, well, then everybody has to go through exceptional measures to stop having an impact because there just aren’t that many fish to spare,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delta smelt are also harmed by dredging done farther east into the Delta, past the Suisun Bay channel, in the deep water ship channels that extend to Sacramento and Stockton. That dredging is handled in a separate permitting process at the water board. The Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service declined to release data or comment about the numbers of fish that are killed in those projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Proposed Dredging Rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to protect both the Delta smelt and longfin smelt, the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board is considering changes to the way the Corps conducts its dredging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of the large, hydraulic dredges, the Corps would have to use smaller clamshell dredges, which remove material bucket-by-bucket and are thought to be less harmful to fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order would require a clamshell dredge be used in the Suisun Bay shipping channel near Pittsburg. The Corps would have the option to use a hopper dredge in either the Richmond Outer Harbor and Pinole Shoal channels, but if a hopper dredge is used, the Corps must monitor for killing fish and must make up for the impact through habitat restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our duty is to protect water quality, protect the fish and ensure the potential impacts to dredging are lessened,” said Naomi Feger, Planning Division Chief at the water board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The order before the board does balance,” she said. “It allows for navigational dredging to continue in the bay but we’ve lessened those significant impacts where it’s feasible. We think it’s feasible to use clamshell dredge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Army Corps of Engineers says having the flexibility to use different equipment in each year is key for its operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The dredges are not always available for us, so it’s important to consider when we can get equipment here to do the work for us,” said Burton Evans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Corps estimates the change will cost an added $3-10 million a year and projects that take weeks today could take as much as three times as long. Burton Evans says the Corps is already using new measures to protect the smelt species, including keeping the dredge’s mouth close to the bottom so it pulls in fewer fish. Dredging is already limited to the second half of the year to prevent harm to threatened fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are watching it very closely and it’s important that we’re balancing the economy and the environment,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If California’s drought drags on, state and federal wildlife agencies may have to reexamine any project that harms the Delta smelt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These fish are in dire and extreme danger of extinction,” said Rosenfield. “In a year like this, impacts really need to be avoided.”\u003cbr>\n[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/205298767″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The tiny Delta smelt is famous for being a target in California's water wars, but it's dangerously close to extinction. That's bringing attention to anything that could harm the fish, including something rarely discussed: dredging Delta waterways for big cargo ships.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704931800,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1407},"headData":{"title":"As Delta Smelt Nears Extinction, New Concerns Emerge Over Dredging | KQED","description":"The tiny Delta smelt is famous for being a target in California's water wars, but it's dangerously close to extinction. That's bringing attention to anything that could harm the fish, including something rarely discussed: dredging Delta waterways for big cargo ships.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/30191/as-delta-smelt-nears-extinction-new-concerns-emerge-over-bay-dredging","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30199\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/05/smelt-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-30199\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/05/smelt-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"A Delta smelt caught during a spring survey. Biologists warn the fish is close to extinction. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Delta smelt caught during an annual fish survey. Biologists warn the fish is close to extinction. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hated by many, loved by few, the tiny Delta smelt has long been the symbol for California’s water wars and the struggle between the state’s environmentalists and farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, as the state struggles through its fourth year of historic drought, the fish is dangerously close to extinction after years of decline, biologists warn. And that’s igniting new scrutiny over the impacts that could drive the species over the brink, including one that isn’t well-known – the annual dredging of shipping channels in the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, regulators with the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board will vote on whether dredgers \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/sanfranciscobay/board_decisions/tentative_orders/USACE/USACE%202015-2019%20OM%20Dredging%20TO_3-20-15.pdf\">must use different equipment\u003c/a> in some channels to avoid killing threatened fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Maritime Highways\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Bay’s cargo ship traffic goes far beyond the Port of Oakland, extending all the way to Sacramento and Stockton, where ports disperse California’s fresh produce and agricultural goods. The only way ships can safely make their way inland is through deep-water channels that are cut through the sediment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of San Francisco Bay is shallow enough for a person to stand in or touch the bottom,” said Jessica Burton Evans, Navigation Program Manager with the Army Corps of Engineers in San Francisco. “So we really need to maintain those deep channels so that the ships can move safely and not run aground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Corps is responsible for dredging and maintaining the shipping lanes, which involves clearing millions of cubic yards of mud, sand and silt every year. It’s often done with a hydraulic dredge or “hopper dredge,” which works like a giant, underwater vacuum cleaner that sucks in sediment and water.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘These fish are in dire and extreme danger of extinction.’\u003ccite>— Jon Rosenfield, Bay Institute biologist \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“A hopper dredge is a relatively large piece of equipment compared to those fish,” said Burton Evans. “If they get too close, they just aren’t able to swim fast enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to an analysis done in 2013 by the Corps, the dredging could be killing thousands of Delta smelt a year. In 2011, the impact was estimated at between 3 and 29 percent of the population. That was based on looking for fish in a small amount of dredge material, and state biologists say a larger sample is needed to validate the findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The longfin smelt, another fish that’s listed as threatened under the California Endangered Species Act, is also harmed. Dredging can also create loud, underwater noise and sediment plumes that can stress smelt or hurt their ability to feed, scientists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the higher estimates of harm are true, “that is just an exceptional amount of impact and something that is surprising,” said Jon Rosenfield, biologist with the Bay Institute, an environmental group based in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Population Crash\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delta smelt populations have been in freefall for several years, due to a variety of reasons, according to biologists. Its fate has been at the center of the state’s water wars long before the drought began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta smelt lives in the same estuary that supplies water to 25 million Californians and irrigates millions of acres of farmland. Huge pumps at the southern edge of the Delta near Tracy pull water into canals that go from Silicon Valley to San Diego. In some years, more than 50 percent of the fresh water that would normally be flowing out to San Francisco Bay is diverted away from the Delta. In the process, the pumping kills Delta smelt and shrinks its habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, federal biologists have ordered water pumping be slowed down during times when smelt are vulnerable, which reduces water deliveries to farms and cities. Some farmers blame the smelt for the current water shortages, although the last time water pumping was slowed to protect the smelt was in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the extreme drought conditions this year, an annual survey for Delta smelt run by state biologists caught the lowest numbers of fish ever recorded — just one fish this spring. In other years, they’ve found hundreds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30224\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/05/17444167446_4b96dc6fbd_o-1024x649.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/05/17444167446_4b96dc6fbd_o-1024x649.jpg\" alt=\"The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers supervises dredging in the Delta to allow passage of ocean-going ships like the Maria Theo, pictured on the San Joaquin River near Antioch. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"649\" class=\"size-large wp-image-30224\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers supervises dredging in the Delta to allow passage of ocean-going ships like the Maria Theo, pictured on the San Joaquin River near Antioch. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rosenfield believes the water pumping is still the largest impact on the Delta smelt by far, but because its numbers have dropped so low, no threats to the fish should be overlooked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We haven’t taken care of these populations prior to this year well enough,” said Rosenfield. “We haven’t allowed them to thrive when conditions are good or even average because we take so much water out of this estuary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So once we get into a drought and populations begin to crash, well, then everybody has to go through exceptional measures to stop having an impact because there just aren’t that many fish to spare,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delta smelt are also harmed by dredging done farther east into the Delta, past the Suisun Bay channel, in the deep water ship channels that extend to Sacramento and Stockton. That dredging is handled in a separate permitting process at the water board. The Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service declined to release data or comment about the numbers of fish that are killed in those projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Proposed Dredging Rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to protect both the Delta smelt and longfin smelt, the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board is considering changes to the way the Corps conducts its dredging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of the large, hydraulic dredges, the Corps would have to use smaller clamshell dredges, which remove material bucket-by-bucket and are thought to be less harmful to fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order would require a clamshell dredge be used in the Suisun Bay shipping channel near Pittsburg. The Corps would have the option to use a hopper dredge in either the Richmond Outer Harbor and Pinole Shoal channels, but if a hopper dredge is used, the Corps must monitor for killing fish and must make up for the impact through habitat restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our duty is to protect water quality, protect the fish and ensure the potential impacts to dredging are lessened,” said Naomi Feger, Planning Division Chief at the water board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The order before the board does balance,” she said. “It allows for navigational dredging to continue in the bay but we’ve lessened those significant impacts where it’s feasible. We think it’s feasible to use clamshell dredge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Army Corps of Engineers says having the flexibility to use different equipment in each year is key for its operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The dredges are not always available for us, so it’s important to consider when we can get equipment here to do the work for us,” said Burton Evans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Corps estimates the change will cost an added $3-10 million a year and projects that take weeks today could take as much as three times as long. Burton Evans says the Corps is already using new measures to protect the smelt species, including keeping the dredge’s mouth close to the bottom so it pulls in fewer fish. Dredging is already limited to the second half of the year to prevent harm to threatened fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are watching it very closely and it’s important that we’re balancing the economy and the environment,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If California’s drought drags on, state and federal wildlife agencies may have to reexamine any project that harms the Delta smelt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These fish are in dire and extreme danger of extinction,” said Rosenfield. “In a year like this, impacts really need to be avoided.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/205298767″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/205298767″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/30191/as-delta-smelt-nears-extinction-new-concerns-emerge-over-bay-dredging","authors":["239"],"series":["science_87","science_1151"],"categories":["science_30","science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_202","science_572","science_261","science_64","science_100","science_208","science_201"],"featImg":"science_30199","label":"science_1151"},"science_21942":{"type":"posts","id":"science_21942","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"21942","score":null,"sort":[1411609154000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"long-range-forecast-less-snow-for-skiers-less-water-for-california","title":"Long-Range Forecast: Less Snow for Skiers, Less Water for California","publishDate":1411609154,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Long-Range Forecast: Less Snow for Skiers, Less Water for California | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1151,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21952\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Madera-CA-e1411603795284.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21952 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Madera-CA-e1411603795284.jpg\" alt=\"Madera, CA\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Melting Sierra snow, which will be coming sooner and faster, according to a new report. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/jfdervin/\">Jonathan Fox\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/about/people/staff/kitty-felde\">Kitty Felde\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/\">KPCC\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attention skiers: climate change means fewer trips to Tahoe this century. That’s the word from a first-time study by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.doi.gov/index.cfm\">Department of the Interior\u003c/a>. Less snow also means additional challenges for storing water during drier months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the DOI’s Sacramento and San Joaquin Basins \u003ca href=\"http://www.usbr.gov/WaterSMART/wcra/docs/ssjbia/ssjbia.pdf\">Climate Impact Assessment\u003c/a>, the average temperature in California’s Central Valley is predicted to rise by about 3 degrees Fahrenheit by mid-century and possibly more than 5 degrees by the end of the century. It may not sound like much, but it means more rain and less snow in the Sierra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That snow provides more than recreation for skiers. It’s like a bank account for future water withdrawals. Deputy Interior Secretary \u003ca href=\"http://www.doi.gov/whoweare/depsec.cfm\">Michael Connor\u003c/a> says we’ve historically relied on the natural snowpack to melt slowly, providing steady runoff that would provide water for cities and farms into mid-to-late summer. Less snow means less water during California’s hotter, drier months.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘This study confirms that the current status quo for water supply in California is not sustainable.’\u003ccite>— Michael Connor, DOI\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“This study confirms that the current status quo for water supply in California is not sustainable,” said Connor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge is how to capture the early rain. Connor says there are two options: construct more reservoirs or try to replenish groundwater (usually done by flooding low-lying areas and allowing the water to percolate into the ground). Environmentalists oppose new dams and the federal government doesn’t regulate withdrawals from aquifers. Neither did California until just recently. Last week Gov. Jerry Brown signed a package of bills that put the state on the road to coordinated management of groundwater — but it’s a long road. It \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/17/what-to-know-about-californias-new-groundwater-law/\">will take years to implement\u003c/a> the new system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.friendsoftheriver.org/site/PageServer?pagename=FORStaff\">Ron Stork\u003c/a> of the environmental advocacy group \u003ca href=\"http://www.friendsoftheriver.org/site/PageServer\">Friends of the River,\u003c/a> says farmers in large parts of the San Joaquin Valley have been “\u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/some-california-farmers-fallow-fields-others-sell-water-for-big-profits/\">mining groundwater\u003c/a> for years.” Ultimately, Stork says, it will mean a reduction in the number of farmed acres in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DOI report predicts that it’s going to happen anyway:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The average annual agricultural demands are projected to decrease because of reduced irrigated acreage.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But it also projects higher water demands from a growing urban population. The overall precipitation outlook is mixed but overall, not good news:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“In the northern part of the Sacramento Valley, projections indicate a slight increase of a few percent in precipitation around the mid-century period. A slight decrease in precipitation was projected to occur in both the San Joaquin and Tulare Lake basins. In these basins, the reductions tend to increase throughout the 21st century from a few percent to nearly 10 percent in the southern parts of the Central Valley.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Scientists agree that the timing of that precipitation and the form in which it falls — rain v. snow — may matter more than the actual changes in volume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report outlines an additional challenge: rising sea levels of more than five feet will lead to saltwater intrusion into California’s main water source, the \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - Delta\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/ca-delta/\">Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta\u003c/a>. Increased salinity and a rise in the temperature of river water also means a decline of habitat for fish and wildlife. \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new federal report affirms what scientists have been saying for years: California's \"bank account\" of snow-melt water may be overdrawn within decades.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704932882,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":591},"headData":{"title":"Long-Range Forecast: Less Snow for Skiers, Less Water for California | KQED","description":"A new federal report affirms what scientists have been saying for years: California's "bank account" of snow-melt water may be overdrawn within decades.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/21942/long-range-forecast-less-snow-for-skiers-less-water-for-california","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21952\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Madera-CA-e1411603795284.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21952 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Madera-CA-e1411603795284.jpg\" alt=\"Madera, CA\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Melting Sierra snow, which will be coming sooner and faster, according to a new report. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/jfdervin/\">Jonathan Fox\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/about/people/staff/kitty-felde\">Kitty Felde\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/\">KPCC\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attention skiers: climate change means fewer trips to Tahoe this century. That’s the word from a first-time study by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.doi.gov/index.cfm\">Department of the Interior\u003c/a>. Less snow also means additional challenges for storing water during drier months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the DOI’s Sacramento and San Joaquin Basins \u003ca href=\"http://www.usbr.gov/WaterSMART/wcra/docs/ssjbia/ssjbia.pdf\">Climate Impact Assessment\u003c/a>, the average temperature in California’s Central Valley is predicted to rise by about 3 degrees Fahrenheit by mid-century and possibly more than 5 degrees by the end of the century. It may not sound like much, but it means more rain and less snow in the Sierra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That snow provides more than recreation for skiers. It’s like a bank account for future water withdrawals. Deputy Interior Secretary \u003ca href=\"http://www.doi.gov/whoweare/depsec.cfm\">Michael Connor\u003c/a> says we’ve historically relied on the natural snowpack to melt slowly, providing steady runoff that would provide water for cities and farms into mid-to-late summer. Less snow means less water during California’s hotter, drier months.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘This study confirms that the current status quo for water supply in California is not sustainable.’\u003ccite>— Michael Connor, DOI\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“This study confirms that the current status quo for water supply in California is not sustainable,” said Connor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge is how to capture the early rain. Connor says there are two options: construct more reservoirs or try to replenish groundwater (usually done by flooding low-lying areas and allowing the water to percolate into the ground). Environmentalists oppose new dams and the federal government doesn’t regulate withdrawals from aquifers. Neither did California until just recently. Last week Gov. Jerry Brown signed a package of bills that put the state on the road to coordinated management of groundwater — but it’s a long road. It \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/17/what-to-know-about-californias-new-groundwater-law/\">will take years to implement\u003c/a> the new system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.friendsoftheriver.org/site/PageServer?pagename=FORStaff\">Ron Stork\u003c/a> of the environmental advocacy group \u003ca href=\"http://www.friendsoftheriver.org/site/PageServer\">Friends of the River,\u003c/a> says farmers in large parts of the San Joaquin Valley have been “\u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/some-california-farmers-fallow-fields-others-sell-water-for-big-profits/\">mining groundwater\u003c/a> for years.” Ultimately, Stork says, it will mean a reduction in the number of farmed acres in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DOI report predicts that it’s going to happen anyway:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The average annual agricultural demands are projected to decrease because of reduced irrigated acreage.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But it also projects higher water demands from a growing urban population. The overall precipitation outlook is mixed but overall, not good news:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“In the northern part of the Sacramento Valley, projections indicate a slight increase of a few percent in precipitation around the mid-century period. A slight decrease in precipitation was projected to occur in both the San Joaquin and Tulare Lake basins. In these basins, the reductions tend to increase throughout the 21st century from a few percent to nearly 10 percent in the southern parts of the Central Valley.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Scientists agree that the timing of that precipitation and the form in which it falls — rain v. snow — may matter more than the actual changes in volume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report outlines an additional challenge: rising sea levels of more than five feet will lead to saltwater intrusion into California’s main water source, the \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - Delta\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/ca-delta/\">Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta\u003c/a>. Increased salinity and a rise in the temperature of river water also means a decline of habitat for fish and wildlife. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/21942/long-range-forecast-less-snow-for-skiers-less-water-for-california","authors":["6387"],"series":["science_87","science_1151"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_98"],"tags":["science_100"],"featImg":"science_21952","label":"science_1151"},"science_16016":{"type":"posts","id":"science_16016","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"16016","score":null,"sort":[1396379964000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"ipcc-climate-change-is-taking-a-toll-in-california-and-its-going-to-get-worse","title":"IPCC: Climate Change Is Taking a Toll in California and It's Going to Get Worse","publishDate":1396379964,"format":"aside","headTitle":"IPCC: Climate Change Is Taking a Toll in California and It’s Going to Get Worse | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>The latest \u003ca href=\"http://ipcc-wg2.gov/AR5/\">report from the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change\u003c/a> focuses on impacts from climate change, both current and looming, and recommendations for how to adapt. It also ratchets up considerably the confidence levels for those predicted impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201404010900\">KQED’s Forum\u003c/a> hosted a segment on the report Tuesday morning. And the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/01/science/earth/climate.html\">New York Times has this story\u003c/a> on the scope of the IPCC’s work, the expected impacts from climate change — hunger, thirst, flooding, violent conflicts, mass migrations — and the political response (or lack thereof):\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://static01.nyt.com/images/2014/03/31/science/earth/31climate/31climate-videoSixteenByNine1050.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/01/science/earth/climate.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Panel’s Warning on Climate Risk: Worst Is Yet to Come\u003c/a>YOKOHAMA, Japan – Climate change is already having sweeping effects on every continent and throughout the world’s oceans, scientists reported on Monday, and they warned that the problem was likely to grow substantially worse unless greenhouse emissions are brought under control.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly/code?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F04%2F01%2Fscience%2Fearth%2Fclimate.html\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nytimes\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://ipcc-wg2.gov/AR5/images/uploads/WGIIAR5-Chap26_FGDall.pdf\">North America\u003c/a> section drills down into some local impacts. Here’s a taste of what the IPCC says we can expect in California. And yes, the report says that some of this is already happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Flooding in the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/ca-delta/\">Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Loss of suitable land for wine growing\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/heat-and-harvest/\">Declines in agricultural productivity\u003c/a> for other crops, though some of that may be softened by irrigation\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A longer \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/can-california-burn-its-way-out-of-its-wildfire-problem/\">wildfire season\u003c/a> and more acreage burned\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Earlier spring runoff and declines in the amount of water stored by the mountain snowpack\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/san-francisco-a-test-case-for-coping-with-rising-seas/\">Sea level rise\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The latest report from the U.N.'s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change focuses on impacts from climate change, both current and looming, and recommendations for how to adapt.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704933914,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":243},"headData":{"title":"IPCC: Climate Change Is Taking a Toll in California and It's Going to Get Worse | KQED","description":"The latest report from the U.N.'s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change focuses on impacts from climate change, both current and looming, and recommendations for how to adapt.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/16016/ipcc-climate-change-is-taking-a-toll-in-california-and-its-going-to-get-worse","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The latest \u003ca href=\"http://ipcc-wg2.gov/AR5/\">report from the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change\u003c/a> focuses on impacts from climate change, both current and looming, and recommendations for how to adapt. It also ratchets up considerably the confidence levels for those predicted impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201404010900\">KQED’s Forum\u003c/a> hosted a segment on the report Tuesday morning. And the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/01/science/earth/climate.html\">New York Times has this story\u003c/a> on the scope of the IPCC’s work, the expected impacts from climate change — hunger, thirst, flooding, violent conflicts, mass migrations — and the political response (or lack thereof):\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://static01.nyt.com/images/2014/03/31/science/earth/31climate/31climate-videoSixteenByNine1050.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/01/science/earth/climate.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Panel’s Warning on Climate Risk: Worst Is Yet to Come\u003c/a>YOKOHAMA, Japan – Climate change is already having sweeping effects on every continent and throughout the world’s oceans, scientists reported on Monday, and they warned that the problem was likely to grow substantially worse unless greenhouse emissions are brought under control.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly/code?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F04%2F01%2Fscience%2Fearth%2Fclimate.html\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nytimes\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://ipcc-wg2.gov/AR5/images/uploads/WGIIAR5-Chap26_FGDall.pdf\">North America\u003c/a> section drills down into some local impacts. Here’s a taste of what the IPCC says we can expect in California. And yes, the report says that some of this is already happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Flooding in the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/ca-delta/\">Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Loss of suitable land for wine growing\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/heat-and-harvest/\">Declines in agricultural productivity\u003c/a> for other crops, though some of that may be softened by irrigation\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A longer \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/can-california-burn-its-way-out-of-its-wildfire-problem/\">wildfire season\u003c/a> and more acreage burned\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Earlier spring runoff and declines in the amount of water stored by the mountain snowpack\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/san-francisco-a-test-case-for-coping-with-rising-seas/\">Sea level rise\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/16016/ipcc-climate-change-is-taking-a-toll-in-california-and-its-going-to-get-worse","authors":["200"],"categories":["science_31","science_40"],"tags":["science_1461","science_603","science_1460","science_100","science_206","science_113"],"featImg":"science_16025","label":"science"},"science_14623":{"type":"posts","id":"science_14623","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"14623","score":null,"sort":[1393602325000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"bay-area-do-you-know-where-your-water-comes-from","title":"Bay Area: Do You Know Where Your Water Comes From?","publishDate":1393602325,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area: Do You Know Where Your Water Comes From? | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":3259,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>The Bay Area water system is a byzantine patchwork of agencies — more than 50 in all — that provides water to customers. Some are the ones you see on your water bill. Others are middlemen that provide water to local agencies at the the wholesale level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some of that water makes a long journey. Southern California has the reputation for tapping far-flung sources for its water needs, but the Bay Area is in the same boat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than two-thirds of the Bay Area’s water supply comes from outside the region, which means in extreme drought years like this one, local water districts are competing with many others around the state for limited supplies.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nBay Area Water Districts by Major Source of Supply\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz?q=select+col3+from+1NIm7PuuPiHOm1RAm-VjyIsNslYCnTSSCWzLDS3c&viz=MAP&h=false&lat=37.72079799420169&lng=-122.23845001696753&t=1&z=8&l=col3&y=2&tmplt=2&hml=KML\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"500\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/key6.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-14726\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/key6.jpg\" alt=\"key6\" width=\"640\" height=\"153\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hetch Hetchy Water System\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe system originates more than 100 miles from its primary customers, in Yosemite National Park. O’Shaughnessy Dam was built on the Tuolumne River in 1923 to create Hetch Hetchy Reservoir. The water travels through a series of pipelines before it reaches the Bay Area and blends with five local reservoirs. The Tuolumne River joins the San Joaquin River and flows into the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, advocates of restoring Hetch Hetchy Valley \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/century-old-battle-over-yosemites-second-valley-heats-up/\">put a measure on the San Francisco ballot\u003c/a> that would have required the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission to study draining the reservoir and shifting the water to other storage facilities. The measure was defeated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14633\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/HetchHetchy-1024x368.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-14633\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/HetchHetchy-1024x368.jpg\" alt=\"Click to enlarge map. (Credit: By Shannon1 [GFDL or CC-BY-SA-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.0], via Wikimedia Commons)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"368\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge map. (Credit: By Shannon1 \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AHetchhetchyprojmap.jpg\">via Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14635\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 218px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/DWR_USGS_bay_deltamap-826x1024.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-14635\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/DWR_USGS_bay_deltamap-826x1024.jpg\" alt=\"(Source: CA DWR and USGS)\" width=\"218\" height=\"269\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge map. (Source: CA DWR and USGS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nCalifornia’s two major rivers, the Sacramento and San Joaquin, fed by half a dozen others, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/ca-delta/\">come together in this inland delta\u003c/a> just east of San Francisco Bay. The Delta’s watershed makes up about 45 percent of the state in all. Two-thirds of Californians use Delta water, delivered mainly through two major canal systems, the State Water Project and the Central Valley Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the prolonged drought, water officials have warned that there \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/01/31/state-water-project-deliveries-canceled-because-of-drought\">could be no water deliveries\u003c/a> from either project this year, except for some drinking water supplies. The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta has seen \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/ca-delta/\">dramatic ecological decline\u003c/a> due to habitat loss, invasive species and highly altered water flow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Russian River Water System\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe 110-mile Russian River begins north of the Bay Area in Mendocino County and flows south until it reaches the Pacific Ocean west of Santa Rosa. There are three major reservoirs that are part of the water system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mokelumne River Water System\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis river originates in the Central Sierra Nevada and flows west until it reaches the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and San Francisco Bay. The East Bay Municipal Utility District built Pardee Dam on the river near Stockton in 1929. Water is delivered to the Bay Area through the 85-mile Mokelumne Aqueduct, which diverts the river’s water before it reaches the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14640\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 900px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/EBMUD.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/EBMUD.jpg\" alt=\"Click to enlarge map. (Source: EBMUD)\" width=\"900\" height=\"390\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge map. (Source: EBMUD)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lake Berryessa\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe 23 mile-long reservoir was created in Napa County in the 1950s, when the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation built Monticello Dam on Putah Creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Local Water Supplies\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMany water districts use water from the surrounding watershed. It comes from local streams and rivers, fed by rainfall or is pumped from underground aquifers. Some districts also recycle water, which is primarily used for landscape irrigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/assets/graph/drought-2005ws-0214.jsp\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Additional research by Shara Tonn.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"No matter where you live in the Bay Area, the answer might surprise you.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704934098,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":580},"headData":{"title":"Bay Area: Do You Know Where Your Water Comes From? | KQED","description":"No matter where you live in the Bay Area, the answer might surprise you.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/14623/bay-area-do-you-know-where-your-water-comes-from","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Bay Area water system is a byzantine patchwork of agencies — more than 50 in all — that provides water to customers. Some are the ones you see on your water bill. Others are middlemen that provide water to local agencies at the the wholesale level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some of that water makes a long journey. Southern California has the reputation for tapping far-flung sources for its water needs, but the Bay Area is in the same boat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than two-thirds of the Bay Area’s water supply comes from outside the region, which means in extreme drought years like this one, local water districts are competing with many others around the state for limited supplies.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nBay Area Water Districts by Major Source of Supply\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz?q=select+col3+from+1NIm7PuuPiHOm1RAm-VjyIsNslYCnTSSCWzLDS3c&viz=MAP&h=false&lat=37.72079799420169&lng=-122.23845001696753&t=1&z=8&l=col3&y=2&tmplt=2&hml=KML\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"500\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/key6.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-14726\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/key6.jpg\" alt=\"key6\" width=\"640\" height=\"153\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hetch Hetchy Water System\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe system originates more than 100 miles from its primary customers, in Yosemite National Park. O’Shaughnessy Dam was built on the Tuolumne River in 1923 to create Hetch Hetchy Reservoir. The water travels through a series of pipelines before it reaches the Bay Area and blends with five local reservoirs. The Tuolumne River joins the San Joaquin River and flows into the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, advocates of restoring Hetch Hetchy Valley \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/century-old-battle-over-yosemites-second-valley-heats-up/\">put a measure on the San Francisco ballot\u003c/a> that would have required the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission to study draining the reservoir and shifting the water to other storage facilities. The measure was defeated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14633\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/HetchHetchy-1024x368.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-14633\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/HetchHetchy-1024x368.jpg\" alt=\"Click to enlarge map. (Credit: By Shannon1 [GFDL or CC-BY-SA-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.0], via Wikimedia Commons)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"368\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge map. (Credit: By Shannon1 \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AHetchhetchyprojmap.jpg\">via Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14635\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 218px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/DWR_USGS_bay_deltamap-826x1024.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-14635\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/DWR_USGS_bay_deltamap-826x1024.jpg\" alt=\"(Source: CA DWR and USGS)\" width=\"218\" height=\"269\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge map. (Source: CA DWR and USGS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nCalifornia’s two major rivers, the Sacramento and San Joaquin, fed by half a dozen others, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/ca-delta/\">come together in this inland delta\u003c/a> just east of San Francisco Bay. The Delta’s watershed makes up about 45 percent of the state in all. Two-thirds of Californians use Delta water, delivered mainly through two major canal systems, the State Water Project and the Central Valley Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the prolonged drought, water officials have warned that there \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/01/31/state-water-project-deliveries-canceled-because-of-drought\">could be no water deliveries\u003c/a> from either project this year, except for some drinking water supplies. The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta has seen \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/ca-delta/\">dramatic ecological decline\u003c/a> due to habitat loss, invasive species and highly altered water flow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Russian River Water System\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe 110-mile Russian River begins north of the Bay Area in Mendocino County and flows south until it reaches the Pacific Ocean west of Santa Rosa. There are three major reservoirs that are part of the water system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mokelumne River Water System\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis river originates in the Central Sierra Nevada and flows west until it reaches the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and San Francisco Bay. The East Bay Municipal Utility District built Pardee Dam on the river near Stockton in 1929. Water is delivered to the Bay Area through the 85-mile Mokelumne Aqueduct, which diverts the river’s water before it reaches the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14640\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 900px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/EBMUD.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/EBMUD.jpg\" alt=\"Click to enlarge map. (Source: EBMUD)\" width=\"900\" height=\"390\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge map. (Source: EBMUD)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lake Berryessa\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe 23 mile-long reservoir was created in Napa County in the 1950s, when the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation built Monticello Dam on Putah Creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Local Water Supplies\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMany water districts use water from the surrounding watershed. It comes from local streams and rivers, fed by rainfall or is pumped from underground aquifers. Some districts also recycle water, which is primarily used for landscape irrigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/assets/graph/drought-2005ws-0214.jsp\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Additional research by Shara Tonn.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/14623/bay-area-do-you-know-where-your-water-comes-from","authors":["239"],"series":["science_1151","science_3259"],"categories":["science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_856","science_572","science_64","science_100","science_201","science_110"],"featImg":"science_14679","label":"science_3259"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/possible-5gxfizEbKOJ-pbF5ASgxrs_.1400x1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ATC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0018_AmericanSuburb_iTunesTile_01.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0017_BayCurious_iTunesTile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/BBC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CodeSwitchLifeKit_StationGraphics_300x300EmailGraphic.png","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2019/07/commonwealthclub.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Consider-This_3000_V3-copy-scaled-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/06/forum-logo-900x900tile-1.gif","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/FreshAir_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/HereNow_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this","airtime":"SUN 7:30pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/how-i-built-this","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"}},"inside-europe":{"id":"inside-europe","title":"Inside Europe","info":"Inside Europe, a one-hour weekly news magazine hosted by Helen Seeney and Keith Walker, explores the topical issues shaping the continent. No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/insideEurope.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. Download Chris’s Song of the Week plus other highlights from the broadcast. Produced by American Public Media.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-8pm, SUN 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/liveFromHere.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.livefromhere.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"american public media"},"link":"/radio/program/live-from-here-highlights","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1167173941","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Live-from-Here-Highlights-p921744/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/a-prairie-home-companion-highlights/rss/rss"}},"marketplace":{"id":"marketplace","title":"Marketplace","info":"Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/Marketplace_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/mindshift2021-tile-3000x3000-1-scaled-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/ME_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/OOW_Tile_Final.png","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/77/2020/10/Our-Body-Politic_1600.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/PBS_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/wp-content/uploads/sites/44/powerpress/1440_0010_Perspectives_iTunesTile_01.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/money/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/planet-money","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"}},"politicalbreakdown":{"id":"politicalbreakdown","title":"Political Breakdown","tagline":"Politics from a personal perspective","info":"Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.","airtime":"THU 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/PB24_Final-scaled.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Political Breakdown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"11"},"link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5Nzk2MzI2MTEx","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"}},"pri-the-world":{"id":"pri-the-world","title":"PRI's The World: Latest Edition","info":"Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.","airtime":"MON-FRI 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/TheWorld_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world","meta":{"site":"news","source":"PRI"},"link":"/radio/program/pri-the-world","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/","rss":"http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"}},"radiolab":{"id":"radiolab","title":"Radiolab","info":"A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.","airtime":"SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/radiolab","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/","rss":"https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"}},"reveal":{"id":"reveal","title":"Reveal","info":"Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. The warmest, wittiest cocktail party - it's spirited and civil, brainy and boisterous, peppered with musical interludes. Fast paced and playful, it's the most fun you can have with language without getting your mouth washed out with soap. Our motto: It's not important to know the answers, it's important to like the answers!","airtime":"SUN 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/saysYou.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.saysyouradio.com/","meta":{"site":"comedy","source":"Pipit and Finch"},"link":"/radio/program/says-you","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/says-you!/id1050199826","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Says-You-p480/","rss":"https://saysyou.libsyn.com/rss"}},"science-friday":{"id":"science-friday","title":"Science Friday","info":"Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.","airtime":"FRI 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/scienceFriday.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/science-friday","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"}},"science-podcast":{"id":"science-podcast","title":"KQED Science News","tagline":"From the lab, to your ears","info":"KQED Science explores science and environment news, trends, and events from the Bay Area and beyond.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/powerpress/1440_0006_SciNews_iTunesTile_01.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"kqed","order":"17"},"link":"/science/category/science-podcast","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqed-science-news/id214663465","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2dzLmtxZWQub3JnL3NjaWVuY2UvZmVlZC8","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed-science-news","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/feed/podcast"}},"selected-shorts":{"id":"selected-shorts","title":"Selected Shorts","info":"Spellbinding short stories by established and emerging writers take on a new life when they are performed by stars of the stage and screen.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/selectedShorts.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/selected-shorts","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"pri"},"link":"/radio/program/selected-shorts","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=253191824&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Selected-Shorts-p31792/","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/selectedshorts"}},"snap-judgment":{"id":"snap-judgment","title":"Snap Judgment","info":"Snap Judgment (Storytelling, with a BEAT) mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic, kick-ass radio. Snap’s raw, musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. WNYC studios is the producer of leading podcasts including Radiolab, Freakonomics Radio, Note To Self, Here’s The Thing With Alec Baldwin, and more.","airtime":"SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/snapJudgement.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://snapjudgment.org","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/snap-judgment","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=283657561&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Snap-Judgment-p243817/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/snapjudgment-wnyc"}},"soldout":{"id":"soldout","title":"SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America","tagline":"A new future for housing","info":"Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Final-Tile-Design.png","imageAlt":"KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/soldout","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":3},"link":"/podcasts/soldout","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america","tunein":"https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vc29sZG91dA"}},"ted-radio-hour":{"id":"ted-radio-hour","title":"TED Radio Hour","info":"The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/ted-radio-hour","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"}},"tech-nation":{"id":"tech-nation","title":"Tech Nation Radio Podcast","info":"Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.","airtime":"FRI 10pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/techNation.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://technation.podomatic.com/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"Tech Nation Media"},"link":"/radio/program/tech-nation","subscribe":{"rss":"https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"}},"thebay":{"id":"thebay","title":"The Bay","tagline":"Local news to keep you rooted","info":"Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/1440_0002_TheBay_iTunesTile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED The Bay","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/thebay","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"6"},"link":"/podcasts/thebay","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM4MjU5Nzg2MzI3","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"}},"californiareport":{"id":"californiareport","title":"The California Report","tagline":"California, day by day","info":"KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/77/2020/12/TCR-scaled.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The California Report","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareport","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"9"},"link":"/californiareport","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1MDAyODE4NTgz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"}},"californiareportmagazine":{"id":"californiareportmagazine","title":"The California Report Magazine","tagline":"Your state, your stories","info":"Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.","airtime":"FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/77/2020/12/TCRmag-scaled.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareportmagazine","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"10"},"link":"/californiareportmagazine","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"}},"theleap":{"id":"theleap","title":"The Leap","tagline":"What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?","info":"Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0000_TheLeap_iTunestile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Leap","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/theleap","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"14"},"link":"/podcasts/theleap","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM0NTcwODQ2MjY2","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"}},"masters-of-scale":{"id":"masters-of-scale","title":"Masters of Scale","info":"Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.","airtime":"Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2019/06/mastersofscale.jpeg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://mastersofscale.com/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WaitWhat"},"link":"/radio/program/masters-of-scale","subscribe":{"apple":"http://mastersofscale.app.link/","rss":"https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"}},"the-moth-radio-hour":{"id":"the-moth-radio-hour","title":"The Moth Radio Hour","info":"Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://themoth.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"prx"},"link":"/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/","rss":"http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"}},"the-new-yorker-radio-hour":{"id":"the-new-yorker-radio-hour","title":"The New Yorker Radio Hour","info":"The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.","airtime":"SAT 10am-11am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theNewYorker.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"}},"the-takeaway":{"id":"the-takeaway","title":"The Takeaway","info":"The Takeaway is produced in partnership with its national audience. It delivers perspective and analysis to help us better understand the day’s news. Be a part of the American conversation on-air and online.","airtime":"MON-THU 12pm-1pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/TheTakeaway_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/takeaway","meta":{"site":"news","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-takeaway","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-takeaway/id363143310?mt=2","tuneIn":"http://tunein.com/radio/The-Takeaway-p150731/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/takeawaypodcast"}},"this-american-life":{"id":"this-american-life","title":"This American Life","info":"This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.","airtime":"SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wbez"},"link":"/radio/program/this-american-life","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","rss":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"}},"truthbetold":{"id":"truthbetold","title":"Truth Be Told","tagline":"Advice by and for people of color","info":"We’re the friend you call after a long day, the one who gets it. Through wisdom from some of the greatest thinkers of our time, host Tonya Mosley explores what it means to grow and thrive as a Black person in America, while discovering new ways of being that serve as a portal to more love, more healing, and more joy.","airtime":"","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/TBT_2020tile_3000x3000-scaled.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Truth Be Told with Tonya Mosley","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.kqed.ord/podcasts/truthbetold","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr","order":"12"},"link":"/podcasts/truthbetold","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/truth-be-told/id1462216572","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS90cnV0aC1iZS10b2xkLXBvZGNhc3QvZmVlZA","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/719210818/truth-be-told","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=398170&refid=stpr","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/587DhwTBxke6uvfwDfaV5N"}},"wait-wait-dont-tell-me":{"id":"wait-wait-dont-tell-me","title":"Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!","info":"Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.","airtime":"SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/waitWait.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"}},"washington-week":{"id":"washington-week","title":"Washington Week","info":"For 50 years, Washington Week has been the most intelligent and up to date conversation about the most important news stories of the week. Washington Week is the longest-running news and public affairs program on PBS and features journalists -- not pundits -- lending insight and perspective to the week's important news stories.","airtime":"SAT 1:30am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/washington-week.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/washington-week","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/washington-week-audio-pbs/id83324702?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Current-Affairs/Washington-Week-p693/","rss":"http://feeds.pbs.org/pbs/weta/washingtonweek-audio"}},"weekend-edition-saturday":{"id":"weekend-edition-saturday","title":"Weekend Edition Saturday","info":"Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.","airtime":"SAT 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/WE_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"},"weekend-edition-sunday":{"id":"weekend-edition-sunday","title":"Weekend Edition Sunday","info":"Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.","airtime":"SUN 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/WE_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"},"world-affairs":{"id":"world-affairs","title":"World Affairs","info":"The world as we knew it is undergoing a rapid transformation…so what's next? Welcome to WorldAffairs, your guide to a changing world. We give you the context you need to navigate across borders and ideologies. Through sound-rich stories and in-depth interviews, we break down what it means to be a global citizen on a hot, crowded planet. Our hosts, Ray Suarez, Teresa Cotsirilos and Philip Yun help you make sense of an uncertain world, one story at a time.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/worldaffairs-podcastlogo2021-scaled.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.worldaffairs.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"World Affairs"},"link":"/radio/program/world-affairs","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/world-affairs/id101215657?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/WorldAffairs-p1665/","rss":"https://worldaffairs.libsyn.com/rss"}},"on-shifting-ground":{"id":"on-shifting-ground","title":"On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez","info":"Geopolitical turmoil. A warming planet. Authoritarians on the rise. We live in a chaotic world that’s rapidly shifting around us. “On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez” explores international fault lines and how they impact us all. Each week, NPR veteran Ray Suarez hosts conversations with journalists, leaders and policy experts to help us read between the headlines – and give us hope for human resilience.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/12/onshiftingground-600x600-1.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://worldaffairs.org/radio-podcast/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"On Shifting Ground"},"link":"/radio/program/on-shifting-ground","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/ie/podcast/on-shifting-ground/id101215657","rss":"https://feeds.libsyn.com/36668/rss"}},"hidden-brain":{"id":"hidden-brain","title":"Hidden Brain","info":"Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain","airtime":"SUN 7pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"NPR"},"link":"/radio/program/hidden-brain","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"}},"city-arts":{"id":"city-arts","title":"City Arts & Lectures","info":"A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.cityarts.net/","airtime":"SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am","meta":{"site":"news","source":"City Arts & Lectures"},"link":"https://www.cityarts.net","subscribe":{"tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/","rss":"https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"}},"white-lies":{"id":"white-lies","title":"White Lies","info":"In 1965, Rev. James Reeb was murdered in Selma, Alabama. Three men were tried and acquitted, but no one was ever held to account. Fifty years later, two journalists from Alabama return to the city where it happened, expose the lies that kept the murder from being solved and uncover a story about guilt and memory that says as much about America today as it does about the past.","imageSrc":"https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2019/04/16/white-lies_final_sq-b1391789cfa7562bf3a4cd0c9cdae27fc4fa01b9.jpg?s=800","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510343/white-lies","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/white-lies","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/whitelies","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1462650519?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM0My9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/12yZ2j8vxqhc0QZyRES3ft?si=LfWYEK6URA63hueKVxRLAw","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510343/podcast.xml"}},"rightnowish":{"id":"rightnowish","title":"Rightnowish","tagline":"Art is where you find it","info":"Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Rightnowish_tile2021.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/rightnowish","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"kqed","order":"5"},"link":"/podcasts/rightnowish","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"}},"jerrybrown":{"id":"jerrybrown","title":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","tagline":"Lessons from a lifetime in politics","info":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/jerrybrownpodcast.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"16"},"link":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/","tuneIn":"http://tun.in/pjGcK","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9zZXJpZXMvamVycnlicm93bi9mZWVkL3BvZGNhc3Qv"}},"the-splendid-table":{"id":"the-splendid-table","title":"The Splendid Table","info":"\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/splendidtable-logo.jpeg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.splendidtable.org/","airtime":"SUN 10-11 pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/the-splendid-table"}},"racesReducer":{"5921":{"id":"5921","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":158422,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.97,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Doris Matsui","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":89456,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tom Silva","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":48920,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Mandel","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":20046,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:00:38.194Z"},"5922":{"id":"5922","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rudy Recile","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Garamendi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5924":{"id":"5924","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":185034,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.07,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark DeSaulnier","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":121265,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katherine Piccinini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34883,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nolan Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":19459,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Sweeney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":7606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mohamed Elsherbini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1821,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:02:32.415Z"},"5926":{"id":"5926","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":153801,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lateefah Simon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":85905,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Tran","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22964,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Daysog","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17197,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Slauson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9699,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Glenn Kaplan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6785,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4243,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Abdur Sikder","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2847,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ned Nuerge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2532,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Andre Todd","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:22:36.062Z"},"5928":{"id":"5928","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":125831,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.14,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Eric Swalwell","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":83989,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Vin Kruttiventi","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":22106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alison Hayden","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11928,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luis Reynoso","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7808,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:51:36.366Z"},"5930":{"id":"5930","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":182135,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","timeUpdated":"3:04 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sam Liccardo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":38489,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Evan Low","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30249,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Simitian","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30249,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Ohtaki","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23275,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Dixon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14673,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rishi Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12377,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karl Ryan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11557,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Julie Lythcott-Haims","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11383,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ahmed Mostafa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5811,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Greg Tanaka","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2421,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joby Bernstein","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1651,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:32:05.002Z"},"5931":{"id":"5931","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":117534,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.92,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ro Khanna","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73941,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anita Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31539,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ritesh Tandon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5728,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mario Ramirez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4491,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Dehn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":1835,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T01:50:53.956Z"},"5932":{"id":"5932","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":96302,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.93,"eevp":98.83,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Zoe Lofgren","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":49323,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Peter Hernandez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31622,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Charlene Nijmeh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":10614,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Lawrence Milan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2712,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luele Kifle","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2031,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:26:02.706Z"},"5963":{"id":"5963","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":139085,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.62,"eevp":98.6,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Greer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38079,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Rogers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":27126,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rusty Hicks","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25615,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ariel Kelley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Frankie Myers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17694,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ted Williams","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9550,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Click","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1538,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-22T21:38:36.711Z"},"5972":{"id":"5972","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":99775,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lori Wilson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":50085,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dave Ennis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":26074,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Wanda Wallis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14638,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeffrey Flack","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8978,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T02:01:24.524Z"},"5973":{"id":"5973","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":143532,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Damon Connolly","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":111275,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andy Podshadley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17240,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Eryn Cervantes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15017,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:25:32.262Z"},"5975":{"id":"5975","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":106997,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.06,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Buffy Wicks","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":78678,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Margot Smith","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18251,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Utkarsh Jain","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":10068,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:30:34.539Z"},"5976":{"id":"5976","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":97144,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.98,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sonia Ledo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":30946,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anamarie Farias","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":29512,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Monica Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":24775,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karen Mitchoff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11911,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T00:19:38.858Z"},"5977":{"id":"5977","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joseph Rubay","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rebecca Bauer-Kahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5978":{"id":"5978","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":111003,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Haney","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":90915,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Manuel Noris-Barrera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13843,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Otto Duke","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6245,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:36:19.697Z"},"5979":{"id":"5979","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":86008,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.1,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mia Bonta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andre Sandford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":4575,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mindy Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4389,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cheyenne Kenney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T08:03:23.729Z"},"5980":{"id":"5980","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":113959,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.8,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Catherine Stefani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":64960,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":33035,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nadia Flamenco","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":8335,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Arjun Sodhani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-11T23:50:23.109Z"},"5981":{"id":"5981","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 20","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Ortega","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5982":{"id":"5982","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 21","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Gilham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Diane Papan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5984":{"id":"5984","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 23","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":116963,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Marc Berman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":67106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lydia Kou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":23699,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Gus Mattammal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13277,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Allan Marson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12881,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:13:06.280Z"},"5987":{"id":"5987","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 26","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":72753,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Patrick Ahrens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25036,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tara Sreekrishnan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19600,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sophie Song","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15954,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Omar Din","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8772,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bob Goodwyn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":2170,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ashish Garg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1221,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T21:06:29.070Z"},"5989":{"id":"5989","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 28","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Gail Pellerin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Liz Lawler","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6010":{"id":"6010","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 49","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Fong","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Long Liu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6018":{"id":"6018","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":229348,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.05,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jared Huffman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":169005,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Coulombe","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":37372,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tief Gibbs","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18437,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jolian Kangas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":3166,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Brisendine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1368,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:46:10.103Z"},"6020":{"id":"6020","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":187640,"precinctsReportPercentage":96.32,"eevp":96.36,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":118147,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Munn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":56232,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andrew Engdahl","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11202,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Niket Patwardhan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":2059,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:30:57.980Z"},"6025":{"id":"6025","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":121271,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.17,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Harder","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":60396,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Lincoln","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":36346,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John McBride","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15525,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Khalid Jafri","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:49:44.113Z"},"6031":{"id":"6031","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Anna Kramer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Mullin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6035":{"id":"6035","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":203670,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.11,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jimmy Panetta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":132540,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jason Anderson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":58120,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sean Dougherty","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Grn","voteCount":13010,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:23:46.779Z"},"6066":{"id":"6066","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jamie Gallagher","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Aaron Draper","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6067":{"id":"6067","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Cecilia Aguiar-Curry","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6087":{"id":"6087","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 24","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":66643,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alex Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45544,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Brunton","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14951,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marti Souza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6148,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T23:23:49.770Z"},"6088":{"id":"6088","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 25","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":69560,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.31,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ash Kalra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":35821,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ted Stroll","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18255,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lan Ngo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":15484,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T02:40:57.200Z"},"6092":{"id":"6092","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 29","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Robert Rivas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"J.W. Paine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6223":{"id":"6223","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 46","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:16 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lou Correa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Pan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6530":{"id":"6530","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":222193,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Thom Bogue","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":61776,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christopher Cabaldon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":59041,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rozzana Verder-Aliga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45546,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jackie Elward","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41127,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jimih Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14703,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:24:31.539Z"},"6531":{"id":"6531","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":171623,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jim Shoemaker","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":74935,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jerry McNerney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":57040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Carlos Villapudua","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":39648,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T20:07:46.382Z"},"6532":{"id":"6532","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":192446,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.72,"eevp":98.78,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jesse Arreguín","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61837,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jovanka Beckles","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34025,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dan Kalb","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28842,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Kathryn Lybarger","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28041,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sandre Swanson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22862,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeanne Solnordal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16839,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:58:11.533Z"},"6533":{"id":"6533","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tim Grayson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marisol Rubio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6534":{"id":"6534","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":228260,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Scott Wiener","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":166592,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Yvette Corkrean","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34438,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Cravens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18513,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jing Xiong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":8717,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T02:01:51.597Z"},"6535":{"id":"6535","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":227191,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Becker","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":167127,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alexander Glew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":42788,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christina Laskowski","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17276,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:56:24.964Z"},"6536":{"id":"6536","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":180231,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.81,"eevp":98.95,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dave Cortese","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":124440,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Robert Howell","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34173,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Loaiza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":21618,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T01:15:45.365Z"},"6548":{"id":"6548","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 39","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:55 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Akilah Weber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Divine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6611":{"id":"6611","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":188732,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.89,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Nancy Pelosi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":138285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bruce Lou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marjorie Mikels","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9363,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bianca Von Krieg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":7634,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Zeng","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6607,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Boyce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4325,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Larry Nichelson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3482,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eve Del Castello","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2751,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:31:55.445Z"},"8589":{"id":"8589","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7276537,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2299507,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2292414,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1115606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":714408,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":240723,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Bradley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":98180,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61755,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sharleta Bassett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":54422,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sarah Liew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Laura Garza ","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":34320,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Reiss","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34283,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34056,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gail Lightfoot","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":33046,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Denice Gary-Pandol","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":25494,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Macauley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23168,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Harmesh Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21522,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Peterson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21076,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Douglas Pierce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19371,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Major Singh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":16965,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"John Rose","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14577,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Perry Pound","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14134,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Raji Rab","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":13558,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mark Ruzon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":13429,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Forrest Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":13027,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stefan Simchowitz","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12717,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Martin Veprauskas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9714,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Don Grundmann","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":6582,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T05:01:46.589Z"},"8686":{"id":"8686","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":3589127,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:48 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Biden","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":3200188,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marianne Williamson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":145690,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Dean Phillips","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":99981,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Armando Perez-Serrato","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":42925,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gabriel Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41261,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"President Boddie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25373,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Lyons","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21008,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eban Cambridge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12701,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:12:27.559Z"},"8688":{"id":"8688","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":2466569,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Donald Trump","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":1953947,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nikki Haley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":430792,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ron DeSantis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":35581,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Chris Christie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":20164,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Vivek Ramaswamy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11069,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rachel Swift","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4231,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Stuckenberg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3895,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ryan Binkley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3563,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Asa Hutchinson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3327,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:13:19.766Z"},"81993":{"id":"81993","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I Unexpired Term","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7358837,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2444940,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2155146,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1269194,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":863278,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":448788,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":109421,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":68070,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:31:08.186Z"},"82014":{"id":"82014","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"Proposition, 1 - Behavioral Health Services Program","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":7221972,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3624998,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3596974,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:11:06.265Z"},"timeLoaded":"April 15, 2024 9:28 PM","nationalRacesLoaded":true,"localRacesLoaded":true,"overrides":[{"id":"5921","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5922","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5924","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5926","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/congress-12th-district"},{"id":"5928","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5930","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/congress-16th-district"},{"id":"5931","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5932","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5963","raceName":"State Assembly, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5972","raceName":"State Assembly, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5973","raceName":"State Assembly, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5975","raceName":"State Assembly, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5976","raceName":"State Assembly, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/state-assembly"},{"id":"5977","raceName":"State Assembly, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5978","raceName":"State Assembly, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5979","raceName":"State Assembly, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5980","raceName":"State Assembly, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5981","raceName":"State Assembly, District 20","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5982","raceName":"State Assembly, District 21","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5984","raceName":"State Assembly, District 23","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-assembly-23rd-district"},{"id":"5987","raceName":"State Assembly, District 26","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/state-assembly-26th-district"},{"id":"5989","raceName":"State Assembly, District 28","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6010","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6018","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6020","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6025","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6031","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6035","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6067","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6087","raceName":"State Assembly, District 24","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6088","raceName":"State Assembly, District 25","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6092","raceName":"State Assembly, District 29","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6223","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6530","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-3rd-district"},{"id":"6531","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6532","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-7th-district"},{"id":"6533","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6534","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6535","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6536","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6611","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"8589","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Full Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/senator"},{"id":"8686","raceName":"California Democratic Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 496 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/president/democrat"},{"id":"8688","raceName":"California Republican Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 169 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://kqed.org/elections/results/president/republican"},{"id":"81993","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Partial/Unexpired Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election."},{"id":"82014","raceName":"Proposition 1","raceDescription":"Bond and mental health reforms. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/proposition-1"}],"AlamedaJudge5":{"id":"AlamedaJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":200601,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Terry Wiley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":200601}]},"AlamedaJudge12":{"id":"AlamedaJudge12","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":240853,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Fickes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":133009},{"candidateName":"Michael P. Johnson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107844}]},"AlamedaBoard2":{"id":"AlamedaBoard2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":33580,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Lewis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6943},{"candidateName":"Angela Normand","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":26637}]},"AlamedaBoard5":{"id":"AlamedaBoard5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":26072,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Guadalupe \"Lupe\" Angulo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7521},{"candidateName":"Janevette Cole","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13338},{"candidateName":"Joe Orlando Ramos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5213}]},"AlamedaBoard6":{"id":"AlamedaBoard6","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 6","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":30864,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Guerrero","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9989},{"candidateName":"Eileen McDonald","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20875}]},"AlamedaSup1":{"id":"AlamedaSup1","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":41038,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Haubert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":41038}]},"AlamedaSup2":{"id":"AlamedaSup2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":31034,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Elisa Márquez","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":31034}]},"AlamedaSup4":{"id":"AlamedaSup4","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":57007,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jennifer Esteen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22400},{"candidateName":"Nate Miley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34607}]},"AlamedaSup5":{"id":"AlamedaSup5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":81059,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ben Bartlett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13518},{"candidateName":"Nikki Fortunato Bas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":27597},{"candidateName":"John J. Bauters","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":16783},{"candidateName":"Ken Berrick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7520},{"candidateName":"Omar Farmer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1240},{"candidateName":"Gregory Hodge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3419},{"candidateName":"Chris Moore","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7428},{"candidateName":"Gerald Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":305},{"candidateName":"Lorrel Plimier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3249}]},"AlamedaBoard7":{"id":"AlamedaBoard7","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Flood Control & Water Conservation District Director, Zone 7, Full Term","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":134340,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alan Burnham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15723},{"candidateName":"Sandy Figuers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22454},{"candidateName":"Laurene K. Green","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":30343},{"candidateName":"Kathy Narum","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23833},{"candidateName":"Seema Badar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7468},{"candidateName":"Catherine Brown","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34519}]},"AlamedaAuditor":{"id":"AlamedaAuditor","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Oakland Auditor","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":59227,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Houston","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59227}]},"AlamedaMeasureA":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Civil service. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":282335,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":167903},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":114432}]},"AlamedaMeasureB":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Recall rules. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":282683,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":182200},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":100483}]},"AlamedaMeasureD":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Oakland. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":79797,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59852},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19945}]},"AlamedaMeasureE":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Alameda Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":22692,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17280},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5412}]},"AlamedaMeasureF":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"Piedmont. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":4855,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3673},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1182}]},"AlamedaMeasureG":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Albany Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":5898,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4651},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1247}]},"AlamedaMeasureH":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Berkeley Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":33331,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":29418},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3913}]},"AlamedaMeasureI":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Hayward Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":21929,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14151},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7778}]},"AlamedaMeasureJ":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureJ","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure J","raceDescription":"San Leandro Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":12338,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7784},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4554}]},"CCD2":{"id":"CCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":45776,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Candace Andersen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":45776}]},"CCD3":{"id":"CCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":25120,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Diane Burgis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":25120}]},"CCD5":{"id":"CCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":37045,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Barbanica","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14338},{"candidateName":"Jelani Killings","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5683},{"candidateName":"Shanelle Scales-Preston","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12993},{"candidateName":"Iztaccuauhtli Hector Gonzalez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4031}]},"CCMeasureA":{"id":"CCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Martinez. Appoint City Clerk. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":11513,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7554},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3959}]},"CCMeasureB":{"id":"CCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Antioch Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":17971,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10397},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7574}]},"CCMeasureC":{"id":"CCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Martinez Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":9230,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6917},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2313}]},"CCMeasureD":{"id":"CCMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Moraga School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":6007,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4052},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1955}]},"MarinD2":{"id":"MarinD2","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":18466,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Brian Colbert","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7971},{"candidateName":"Heather McPhail Sridharan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4851},{"candidateName":"Ryan O'Neil","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2647},{"candidateName":"Gabe Paulson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2997}]},"MarinD3":{"id":"MarinD3","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":13274,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Moulton-Peters","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13274}]},"MarinD4":{"id":"MarinD4","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":12986,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dennis Rodoni","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10086},{"candidateName":"Francis Drouillard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2900}]},"MarinLarkspurCC":{"id":"MarinLarkspurCC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Larkspur City Council (Short Term)","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4176,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Andre","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2514},{"candidateName":"Claire Paquette","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1008},{"candidateName":"Lana Scott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":654}]},"MarinRossCouncil":{"id":"MarinRossCouncil","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Ross Town Council","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1740,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Charles William \"Bill\" Kircher, Jr.","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":536},{"candidateName":"Mathew Salter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":502},{"candidateName":"Shadi Aboukhater","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":187},{"candidateName":"Teri Dowling","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":515}]},"MarinMeasureA":{"id":"MarinMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Tamalpais Union High School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":45345,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24376},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20969}]},"MarinMeasureB":{"id":"MarinMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":132,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":62},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":70}]},"MarinMeasureC":{"id":"MarinMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Belvedere. Appropriation limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":870,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":679},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureD":{"id":"MarinMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Larkspur. Rent stabilization. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-d","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4955,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2573},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2382}]},"MarinMeasureE":{"id":"MarinMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Ross. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":874,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":683},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureF":{"id":"MarinMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"San Anselmo. Flood Control and Water Conservation District. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":5193,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3083},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2110}]},"MarinMeasureG":{"id":"MarinMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Bel Marin Keys Community Services District. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":830,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":661},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":169}]},"MarinMeasureH":{"id":"MarinMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, fire protection. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1738,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1369},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":369}]},"MarinMeasureI":{"id":"MarinMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, parks. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1735,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1336},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":399}]},"NapaD2":{"id":"NapaD2","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":8351,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Alessio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6340},{"candidateName":"Doris Gentry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2011}]},"NapaD4":{"id":"NapaD4","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":7306,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Amber Manfree","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3913},{"candidateName":"Pete Mott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3393}]},"NapaD5":{"id":"NapaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":5356,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mariam Aboudamous","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2379},{"candidateName":"Belia Ramos","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2977}]},"NapaMeasureD":{"id":"NapaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Howell Mountain Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":741,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":367},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":374}]},"NapaMeasureU":{"id":"NapaMeasureU","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Lake Berryessa Resort Improvement District. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":86,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":63},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23}]},"NapaMeasureU1":{"id":"NapaMeasureU1","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Yountville. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":925,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":793},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":132}]},"SFJudge1":{"id":"SFJudge1","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-1","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202960,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Begert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":124943},{"candidateName":"Chip Zecher","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":78017}]},"SFJudge13":{"id":"SFJudge13","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 13","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-13","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202386,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jean Myungjin Roland","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":90012},{"candidateName":"Patrick S. Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":112374}]},"SFPropA":{"id":"SFPropA","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition A","raceDescription":"Housing bond. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":225187,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":158497},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":66690}]},"SFPropB":{"id":"SFPropB","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition B","raceDescription":"Police staffing. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222954,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":61580},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":161374}]},"SFPropC":{"id":"SFPropC","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition C","raceDescription":"Transfer tax exemption. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":220349,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":116311},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":104038}]},"SFPropD":{"id":"SFPropD","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition D","raceDescription":"Ethics laws. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222615,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":198584},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24031}]},"SFPropE":{"id":"SFPropE","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition E","raceDescription":"Police policies. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222817,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":120529},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":102288}]},"SFPropF":{"id":"SFPropF","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition F","raceDescription":"Drug screening. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-f","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":224004,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":130214},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":93790}]},"SFPropG":{"id":"SFPropG","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition G","raceDescription":"Eighth-grade algebra. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222704,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":182066},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":40638}]},"SMJudge4":{"id":"SMJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":108919,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sarah Burdick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":108919}]},"SMD1":{"id":"SMD1","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":29650,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jackie Speier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20353},{"candidateName":"Ann Schneider","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9297}]},"SMD4":{"id":"SMD4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":22725,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Antonio Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5730},{"candidateName":"Lisa Gauthier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10358},{"candidateName":"Celeste Brevard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1268},{"candidateName":"Paul Bocanegra","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1909},{"candidateName":"Maggie Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3460}]},"SMD5":{"id":"SMD5","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":19937,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Canepa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19937}]},"SMMeasureB":{"id":"SMMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"County Service Area #1 (Highlands). Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":1549,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1360},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":189}]},"SMMeasureC":{"id":"SMMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Jefferson Elementary School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":12234,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8543},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3691}]},"SMMeasureE":{"id":"SMMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Woodside Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":1392,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":910},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":482}]},"SMMeasureG":{"id":"SMMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Pacifica School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":11548,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7067},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4481}]},"SMMeasureH":{"id":"SMMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"San Carlos School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":9938,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6283},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3655}]},"SCJudge5":{"id":"SCJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":301953,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jay Boyarsky","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":142549},{"candidateName":"Nicole M. Ford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":52147},{"candidateName":"Johnene Linda Stebbins","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107257}]},"SCD2":{"id":"SCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":44059,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Corina Herrera-Loera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10519},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Margaret Celaya","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2394},{"candidateName":"Madison Nguyen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12794},{"candidateName":"Betty Duong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14031},{"candidateName":"Nelson McElmurry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4321}]},"SCD3":{"id":"SCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":42549,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Otto Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42549}]},"SCD5":{"id":"SCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":88712,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Margaret Abe-Koga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":37172},{"candidateName":"Sally J. Lieber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":21962},{"candidateName":"Barry Chang","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6164},{"candidateName":"Peter C. Fung","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17892},{"candidateName":"Sandy Sans","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5522}]},"SCSJMayor":{"id":"SCSJMayor","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José Mayor","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":167064,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Mahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":144701},{"candidateName":"Tyrone Wade","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22363}]},"SCSJD2":{"id":"SCSJD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14131,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4950},{"candidateName":"Pamela Campos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3436},{"candidateName":"Vanessa Sandoval","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2719},{"candidateName":"Babu Prasad","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3026}]},"SCSJD4":{"id":"SCSJD4","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14322,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kansen Chu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5931},{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8391}]},"SCSJD6":{"id":"SCSJD6","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":25108,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9875},{"candidateName":"Alex Shoor","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3850},{"candidateName":"Angelo \"A.J.\" Pasciuti","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2688},{"candidateName":"Michael Mulcahy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8695}]},"SCSJD8":{"id":"SCSJD8","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 8","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":21462,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tam Truong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6982},{"candidateName":"Domingo Candelas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8466},{"candidateName":"Sukhdev Singh Bainiwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5513},{"candidateName":"Surinder Kaur Dhaliwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":501}]},"SCSJD10":{"id":"SCSJD10","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 10","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":22799,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"George Casey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8805},{"candidateName":"Arjun Batra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8354},{"candidateName":"Lenka Wright","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5640}]},"SCMeasureA":{"id":"SCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed city clerk. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":20315,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6580},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13735}]},"SCMeasureB":{"id":"SCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed police chief. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":20567,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5680},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14887}]},"SCMeasureC":{"id":"SCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Sunnyvale School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14656,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10261},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4395}]},"SolanoD15":{"id":"SolanoD15","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Department 15","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":81709,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":36844},{"candidateName":"Bryan J. Kim","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":44865}]},"SolanoD1":{"id":"SolanoD1","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":13786,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6401},{"candidateName":"Cassandra James","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7385}]},"SolanoD2":{"id":"SolanoD2","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":19903,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Monica Brown","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10951},{"candidateName":"Nora Dizon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3135},{"candidateName":"Rochelle Sherlock","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5817}]},"SolanoD5":{"id":"SolanoD5","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":17888,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mitch Mashburn","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11210},{"candidateName":"Chadwick J. Ledoux","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6678}]},"SolanoEducation":{"id":"SolanoEducation","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Sacramento County Board of Education","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":3650,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Heather Davis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2960},{"candidateName":"Shazleen Khan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":690}]},"SolanoMeasureA":{"id":"SolanoMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Benicia. Hotel tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10136,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7869},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2267}]},"SolanoMeasureB":{"id":"SolanoMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Benicia. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10164,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7335},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2829}]},"SolanoMeasureC":{"id":"SolanoMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Benicia Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10112,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6316},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3796}]},"SolanoMeasureN":{"id":"SolanoMeasureN","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure N","raceDescription":"Davis Joint Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":15,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10}]},"SonomaJudge3":{"id":"SonomaJudge3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":115405,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kristine M. Burk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":79498},{"candidateName":"Beki Berrey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":35907}]},"SonomaJudge4":{"id":"SonomaJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":86789,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Paul J. Lozada","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":86789}]},"SonomaJudge6":{"id":"SonomaJudge6","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":117990,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Omar Figueroa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42236},{"candidateName":"Kenneth English","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":75754}]},"SonomaD1":{"id":"SonomaD1","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":30348,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rebecca Hermosillo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23958},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Mathieu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6390}]},"SonomaD3":{"id":"SonomaD3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/supervisor-3rd-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":16312,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Chris Coursey","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11346},{"candidateName":"Omar Medina","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4966}]},"SonomaD5":{"id":"SonomaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":23356,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lynda Hopkins","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23356}]},"SonomaMeasureA":{"id":"SonomaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Cotati-Rohnert Park Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":13756,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10320},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3436}]},"SonomaMeasureB":{"id":"SonomaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":24877,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15795},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9082}]},"SonomaMeasureC":{"id":"SonomaMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Fort Ross School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":286,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":159},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":127}]},"SonomaMeasureD":{"id":"SonomaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Harmony Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":1925,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1089},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":836}]},"SonomaMeasureE":{"id":"SonomaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Petaluma City (Elementary) School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":11133,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7622},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3511}]},"SonomaMeasureG":{"id":"SonomaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Rincon Valley Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":14577,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8668},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5909}]},"SonomaMeasureH":{"id":"SonomaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Sonoma County. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/measure-h","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":145261,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":89646},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":55615}]}},"radioSchedulesReducer":{},"listsReducer":{"posts/science?tag=sacramento-san-joaquin-delta":{"isFetching":false,"latestQuery":{"from":0,"postsToRender":9},"tag":null,"vitalsOnly":true,"totalRequested":9,"isLoading":false,"isLoadingMore":true,"total":16,"items":["science_1944278","science_1923154","science_1916079","science_1253969","science_998491","science_30191","science_21942","science_16016","science_14623"]}},"recallGuideReducer":{"intros":{},"policy":{},"candidates":{}},"savedPostsReducer":{},"sessionReducer":{},"siteSettingsReducer":{},"subscriptionsReducer":{},"termsReducer":{"about":{"name":"About","type":"terms","id":"about","slug":"about","link":"/about","taxonomy":"site"},"arts":{"name":"Arts & Culture","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"description":"KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.","type":"terms","id":"arts","slug":"arts","link":"/arts","taxonomy":"site"},"artschool":{"name":"Art School","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"artschool","slug":"artschool","link":"/artschool","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareabites":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"bayareabites","slug":"bayareabites","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareahiphop":{"name":"Bay Area Hiphop","type":"terms","id":"bayareahiphop","slug":"bayareahiphop","link":"/bayareahiphop","taxonomy":"site"},"campaign21":{"name":"Campaign 21","type":"terms","id":"campaign21","slug":"campaign21","link":"/campaign21","taxonomy":"site"},"checkplease":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"checkplease","slug":"checkplease","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"education":{"name":"Education","grouping":["education"],"type":"terms","id":"education","slug":"education","link":"/education","taxonomy":"site"},"elections":{"name":"Elections","type":"terms","id":"elections","slug":"elections","link":"/elections","taxonomy":"site"},"events":{"name":"Events","type":"terms","id":"events","slug":"events","link":"/events","taxonomy":"site"},"event":{"name":"Event","alias":"events","type":"terms","id":"event","slug":"event","link":"/event","taxonomy":"site"},"filmschoolshorts":{"name":"Film School Shorts","type":"terms","id":"filmschoolshorts","slug":"filmschoolshorts","link":"/filmschoolshorts","taxonomy":"site"},"food":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"type":"terms","id":"food","slug":"food","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"forum":{"name":"Forum","relatedContentQuery":"posts/forum?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"forum","slug":"forum","link":"/forum","taxonomy":"site"},"futureofyou":{"name":"Future of You","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"futureofyou","slug":"futureofyou","link":"/futureofyou","taxonomy":"site"},"jpepinheart":{"name":"KQED food","relatedContentQuery":"trending/food,bayareabites,checkplease","parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"jpepinheart","slug":"jpepinheart","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"liveblog":{"name":"Live Blog","type":"terms","id":"liveblog","slug":"liveblog","link":"/liveblog","taxonomy":"site"},"livetv":{"name":"Live TV","parent":"tv","type":"terms","id":"livetv","slug":"livetv","link":"/livetv","taxonomy":"site"},"lowdown":{"name":"The Lowdown","relatedContentQuery":"posts/lowdown?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"lowdown","slug":"lowdown","link":"/lowdown","taxonomy":"site"},"mindshift":{"name":"Mindshift","parent":"news","description":"MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.","type":"terms","id":"mindshift","slug":"mindshift","link":"/mindshift","taxonomy":"site"},"news":{"name":"News","grouping":["news","forum"],"type":"terms","id":"news","slug":"news","link":"/news","taxonomy":"site"},"perspectives":{"name":"Perspectives","parent":"radio","type":"terms","id":"perspectives","slug":"perspectives","link":"/perspectives","taxonomy":"site"},"podcasts":{"name":"Podcasts","type":"terms","id":"podcasts","slug":"podcasts","link":"/podcasts","taxonomy":"site"},"pop":{"name":"Pop","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"pop","slug":"pop","link":"/pop","taxonomy":"site"},"pressroom":{"name":"Pressroom","type":"terms","id":"pressroom","slug":"pressroom","link":"/pressroom","taxonomy":"site"},"quest":{"name":"Quest","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"quest","slug":"quest","link":"/quest","taxonomy":"site"},"radio":{"name":"Radio","grouping":["forum","perspectives"],"description":"Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.","type":"terms","id":"radio","slug":"radio","link":"/radio","taxonomy":"site"},"root":{"name":"KQED","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","imageWidth":1200,"imageHeight":630,"headData":{"title":"KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California","description":"KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."},"type":"terms","id":"root","slug":"root","link":"/root","taxonomy":"site"},"science":{"name":"Science","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"description":"KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.","type":"terms","id":"science","slug":"science","link":"/science","taxonomy":"site"},"stateofhealth":{"name":"State of Health","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"stateofhealth","slug":"stateofhealth","link":"/stateofhealth","taxonomy":"site"},"support":{"name":"Support","type":"terms","id":"support","slug":"support","link":"/support","taxonomy":"site"},"thedolist":{"name":"The Do List","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"thedolist","slug":"thedolist","link":"/thedolist","taxonomy":"site"},"trulyca":{"name":"Truly CA","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"trulyca","slug":"trulyca","link":"/trulyca","taxonomy":"site"},"tv":{"name":"TV","type":"terms","id":"tv","slug":"tv","link":"/tv","taxonomy":"site"},"voterguide":{"name":"Voter Guide","parent":"elections","alias":"elections","type":"terms","id":"voterguide","slug":"voterguide","link":"/voterguide","taxonomy":"site"},"science_100":{"type":"terms","id":"science_100","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"100","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","slug":"sacramento-san-joaquin-delta","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null,"imageData":{"ogImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","width":1200,"height":630},"twImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"},"twitterCard":"summary_large_image"}},"ttid":104,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/sacramento-san-joaquin-delta"},"source_science_1923154":{"type":"terms","id":"source_science_1923154","meta":{"override":true},"name":"Climate","isLoading":false},"source_science_1253969":{"type":"terms","id":"source_science_1253969","meta":{"override":true},"name":"Water Deeply ","link":"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles","isLoading":false},"science_35":{"type":"terms","id":"science_35","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"35","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Environment","slug":"environment","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Environment Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":37,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/environment"},"science_40":{"type":"terms","id":"science_40","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"40","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"News","slug":"news","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"News Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":42,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/news"},"science_98":{"type":"terms","id":"science_98","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"98","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Water","slug":"water","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Water Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":102,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/water"},"science_3370":{"type":"terms","id":"science_3370","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"3370","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"featured","slug":"featured","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"featured Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3370,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/featured"},"science_3832":{"type":"terms","id":"science_3832","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"3832","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"FeatureText","slug":"featuretext","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"FeatureText Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3832,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/featuretext"},"science_3830":{"type":"terms","id":"science_3830","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"3830","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Staff","slug":"staff","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Staff Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3830,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/staff"},"science_3322":{"type":"terms","id":"science_3322","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"3322","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Trump","slug":"trump","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Trump Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3322,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/trump"},"science_201":{"type":"terms","id":"science_201","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"201","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"water","slug":"water-2","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"water Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":205,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/water-2"},"science_31":{"type":"terms","id":"science_31","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"31","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Climate","slug":"climate","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Climate Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":33,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/climate"},"science_3151":{"type":"terms","id":"science_3151","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"3151","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Future of You","slug":"future-of-you","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Future of You Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3151,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/future-of-you"},"science_3424":{"type":"terms","id":"science_3424","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"3424","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"KQED Future of You","slug":"kqed-future-of-you","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"KQED Future of You Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3424,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/kqed-future-of-you"},"science_2873":{"type":"terms","id":"science_2873","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"2873","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Oceans","slug":"oceans","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Oceans Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2873,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/oceans"},"science_194":{"type":"terms","id":"science_194","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"194","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"climate change","slug":"climate-change","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"climate change Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":198,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/climate-change"},"science_192":{"type":"terms","id":"science_192","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"192","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"environment","slug":"environment-2","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"environment Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":196,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/environment-2"},"science_324":{"type":"terms","id":"science_324","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"324","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"oceans","slug":"oceans","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"oceans Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":330,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/oceans"},"science_206":{"type":"terms","id":"science_206","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"206","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"sea level rise","slug":"sea-level-rise","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"sea level rise Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":210,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/sea-level-rise"},"science_87":{"type":"terms","id":"science_87","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"87","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"California's Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","slug":"ca-delta","taxonomy":"series","description":"\u003cp>[caption id=\"attachment_11894\" width=\"1180px\"]\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/deltadiablo.jpg\" alt=\"The Delta at sunset.\" align=\"none\" width=\"1180px\"/> The Delta at sunset. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/artolog/315963076/\">Art Siegel/Flickr\u003c/a>)[/caption]\u003c/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp>If you live in California, chances are that the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta matters to you. It’s the hub for California’s water supply. Two-thirds of Californians get their water from the vast inland Delta, which lies east of San Francisco Bay, at the confluence of California's two largest rivers, the Sacramento and San Joaquin. The water reaches cities from Silicon Valley to San Diego, and supplies millions of acres of Central Valley farmland through sprawling infrastructure projects built over the past century.But the Delta’s natural ecosystem has declined and it's become ground zero for the state’s most contentious battles over water and endangered species.\u003c/p>\u003cstrong>The Problem\u003c/strong>\u003cp>The Delta is home to a number of threatened or endangered species, including Delta smelt and Chinook salmon. Biologists point to a number of reasons for their decline. After the gold rush, farms replaced what was once a rich network of tidal wetlands. About \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">95 percent of the Delta’s historic habitat\u003c/a> has been lost. Upstream dams have altered the rivers’ flow, and fish die when they’re drawn toward the large pumps that divert water to the Bay Area and Southern California.\u003c/p>\u003cstrong>The Latest\u003c/strong>\u003cp>To protect fish species, limits were placed on how much water could be pumped out of the Delta. Now, Governor Jerry Brown is proposing a $24.5 billion fix, known as the Bay Delta Conservation Plan. Two 35-mile water tunnels would cross the Delta, bypassing the ecosystem from below. More than 100,000 acres of habitat would be restored. The majority of the costs would be covered by the water users.Concerns remain about whether the plan would help the Delta’s ecosystem recover. Farmers and other residents in the Delta region fear permanent changes to their way of life. And water consumers south of the Delta are reluctant to pay for the project if it doesn’t include assurances that adequate volumes of water are delivered.\u003c/p> \r\n","featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"California's Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Archives | KQED Science","description":"[caption id=\"attachment_11894\" width=\"1180px\"] The Delta at sunset. (Art Siegel/Flickr)[/caption] If you live in California, chances are that the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta matters to you. It’s the hub for California’s water supply. Two-thirds of Californians get their water from the vast inland Delta, which lies east of San Francisco Bay, at the confluence of California's two largest rivers, the Sacramento and San Joaquin. The water reaches cities from Silicon Valley to San Diego, and supplies millions of acres of Central Valley farmland through sprawling infrastructure projects built over the past century.But the Delta’s natural ecosystem has declined and it's become ground zero for the state’s most contentious battles over water and endangered species.The ProblemThe Delta is home to a number of threatened or endangered species, including Delta smelt and Chinook salmon. Biologists point to a number of reasons for their decline. After the gold rush, farms replaced what was once a rich network of tidal wetlands. About 95 percent of the Delta’s historic habitat has been lost. Upstream dams have altered the rivers’ flow, and fish die when they’re drawn toward the large pumps that divert water to the Bay Area and Southern California.The LatestTo protect fish species, limits were placed on how much water could be pumped out of the Delta. Now, Governor Jerry Brown is proposing a $24.5 billion fix, known as the Bay Delta Conservation Plan. Two 35-mile water tunnels would cross the Delta, bypassing the ecosystem from below. More than 100,000 acres of habitat would be restored. The majority of the costs would be covered by the water users.Concerns remain about whether the plan would help the Delta’s ecosystem recover. Farmers and other residents in the Delta region fear permanent changes to their way of life. And water consumers south of the Delta are reluctant to pay for the project if it doesn’t include assurances that adequate volumes of water are delivered.","ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":90,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/series/ca-delta"},"science_89":{"type":"terms","id":"science_89","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"89","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Engineering","slug":"engineering","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Engineering Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":92,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/engineering"},"science_3423":{"type":"terms","id":"science_3423","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"3423","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Science Podcast","slug":"science-podcast","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Bay Area Science: Stories & Insights with KQED's Science Podcasts","description":"Our captivating podcasts take you on a journey through the Bay Area's vibrant scientific landscape. Discover groundbreaking research & hear expert insights.","ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null,"socialTitle":"Bay Area Science: Stories & Insights with KQED's Science Podcasts"},"ttid":3423,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/science-podcast"},"science_813":{"type":"terms","id":"science_813","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"813","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"news","slug":"news-2","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"news Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":820,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/news-2"},"science_572":{"type":"terms","id":"science_572","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"572","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"drought","slug":"drought","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"drought Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":578,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/drought"},"science_261":{"type":"terms","id":"science_261","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"261","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"endangered species","slug":"endangered-species","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"endangered species Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":265,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/endangered-species"},"science_247":{"type":"terms","id":"science_247","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"247","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"salmon","slug":"salmon","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"salmon Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":251,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/salmon"},"science_1151":{"type":"terms","id":"science_1151","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"1151","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Drought Watch","slug":"california-drought-watch","taxonomy":"series","description":"\u003cem>What California's reservoirs look like right now (From KQED's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/\">The Lowdown\u003c/a>)\u003c/em>\r\n\r\n[iframe src=\"http://kroodsma.com/KQED/water-supply-master/public/map.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"]\r\n\r\n\u003cem>We’re collecting all of our California drought coverage here, starting with the current state of the drought, then providing the \u003ca href=\"#background\">background\u003c/a> and rounding up \u003ca href=\"#river\">all the stories\u003c/a> we’ve produced.\u003c/em>\r\n\r\n\u003cstrong>Relief at Last\r\n\u003c/strong>\r\n\r\nIn early April, after more than five years of the most withering drought on record, California Governor Jerry Brown finally lifted the emergency drought order he issued in January of 2014. By that time, the record-setting winter of 2016-17 had removed all doubt that the drought was over, though concerns over depleted groundwater levels still remain. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Drought Monitor\u003c/a>, less than 10 percent of California remains in “moderate drought” — compared to nearly 100 percent of the state a year ago.\r\n\r\n[http_redir]","featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Drought Watch Archives | KQED Science","description":"What California's reservoirs look like right now (From KQED's The Lowdown) [iframe src=\"http://kroodsma.com/KQED/water-supply-master/public/map.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"] We’re collecting all of our California drought coverage here, starting with the current state of the drought, then providing the background and rounding up all the stories we’ve produced. Relief at Last In early April, after more than five years of the most withering drought on record, California Governor Jerry Brown finally lifted the emergency drought order he issued in January of 2014. By that time, the record-setting winter of 2016-17 had removed all doubt that the drought was over, though concerns over depleted groundwater levels still remain. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, less than 10 percent of California remains in “moderate drought” — compared to nearly 100 percent of the state a year ago. [http_redir]","ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1160,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/series/california-drought-watch"},"science_30":{"type":"terms","id":"science_30","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"30","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Biology","slug":"biology","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Biology Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":32,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/biology"},"science_202":{"type":"terms","id":"science_202","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"202","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"delta","slug":"delta","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"delta Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":206,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/delta"},"science_64":{"type":"terms","id":"science_64","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"64","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"full-image","slug":"full-image","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"full-image Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":67,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/full-image"},"science_208":{"type":"terms","id":"science_208","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"208","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"San Francisco Bay","slug":"san-francisco-bay","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"San Francisco Bay Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":212,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/san-francisco-bay"},"science_1461":{"type":"terms","id":"science_1461","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"1461","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"climate change adaptation","slug":"climate-change-adaptation","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"climate change adaptation Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1470,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/climate-change-adaptation"},"science_603":{"type":"terms","id":"science_603","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"603","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"climate change impacts","slug":"climate-change-impacts","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"climate change impacts Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":609,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/climate-change-impacts"},"science_1460":{"type":"terms","id":"science_1460","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"1460","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"ipcc","slug":"ipcc","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"ipcc Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1469,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/ipcc"},"science_113":{"type":"terms","id":"science_113","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"113","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"wildfire","slug":"wildfire","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"wildfire Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":117,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/wildfire"},"science_3259":{"type":"terms","id":"science_3259","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"3259","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"PBS Nature Presents Yosemite","slug":"yosemite","taxonomy":"series","description":"\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"470\" src=\"https://player.pbs.org/viralplayer/2365985049/?chapter=1\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" seamless allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\r\n\r\nYosemite Valley is a land forged in wildfire and sculpted by water, the delicate balance of these two elements are essential to the creatures and trees that call this land their home. But with climates changing and temperatures rising, the Sierras are under siege. Water is scarcer and the threat of fire is more common. Join scientists, experts, and adventurers as they trudge through mountains of snow, climb trees as tall as buildings, and soar high in the air to spy just how these global changes are affecting one of America’s greatest wildernesses.\r\n\r\nPBS NATURE'S \u003cem>\u003cstrong>YOSEMITE\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> airs Wednesday, March 29 at 8PM on KQED 9.\r\n\r\n[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HwMPQjTZFLg]\r\n\r\n\u003cstrong>Featured Stories\u003c/strong>","featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"PBS Nature Presents Yosemite Archives | KQED Science","description":"Yosemite Valley is a land forged in wildfire and sculpted by water, the delicate balance of these two elements are essential to the creatures and trees that call this land their home. But with climates changing and temperatures rising, the Sierras are under siege. Water is scarcer and the threat of fire is more common. Join scientists, experts, and adventurers as they trudge through mountains of snow, climb trees as tall as buildings, and soar high in the air to spy just how these global changes are affecting one of America’s greatest wildernesses. PBS NATURE'S YOSEMITE airs Wednesday, March 29 at 8PM on KQED 9. [youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HwMPQjTZFLg] Featured Stories","ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3259,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/series/yosemite"},"science_856":{"type":"terms","id":"science_856","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"856","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"bay area","slug":"bay-area","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"bay area Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":862,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/bay-area"},"science_110":{"type":"terms","id":"science_110","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"110","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"water supply","slug":"water-supply","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"water supply Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":114,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/water-supply"}},"userAgentReducer":{"userAgent":"claudebot","isBot":true},"userPermissionsReducer":{"wpLoggedIn":false},"localStorageReducer":{},"browserHistoryReducer":[],"eventsReducer":{},"fssReducer":{},"tvDailyScheduleReducer":{},"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer":{},"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer":{},"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer":{},"userAccountReducer":{"routeTo":"","showDeleteConfirmModal":false,"user":{"userId":"","isFound":false,"firstName":"","lastName":"","phoneNumber":"","email":"","articles":[]}},"youthMediaReducer":{},"checkPleaseReducer":{"filterData":{},"restaurantData":[]},"location":{"pathname":"/science/tag/sacramento-san-joaquin-delta","previousPathname":"/"}}
