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But not to a group of robotic engineers that’s part of partnership between UC Berkeley and \u003ca href=\"https://tbsi.berkeley.edu/\">Tsinghua\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://tbsi.berkeley.edu/\">–\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://tbsi.berkeley.edu/\">Berkeley\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://tbsi.berkeley.edu/\">Shenzhen\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://tbsi.berkeley.edu/\">Institute.\u003c/a> Where other folks are disgusted, they’re inspired. In fact, their latest robot is built in the form of a roach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the robots at this particular small scale are very fragile. If you step on them, you pretty much destroy the robot,” said Liwei Lin, a professor of mechanical engineering at UC Berkeley and senior author of the \u003ca href=\"https://robotics.sciencemag.org/content/4/32/eaax1594\">study\u003c/a> describing the robot, in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not robo-roach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A cockroach is a very strong insect,” said Junwen Zhong, a member of the team. “A cockroach can survive in a lot of critical environments. They are fast and flexible, and they are very difficult to kill. Even when you step on it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The roach robot weighs less than a tenth of a gram and still works after an attempted squish by someone weighing up to around 130 pounds. It also moves 20 times its body length in a single second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So How Does It Work? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The robot is constructed with a special material that expands and contracts with the application of electricity. (In engineer-speak, the material is piezoelectric, Zhong said, encased in an elastic polymer.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shape of the robot’s body is important; it’s curved and paper thin, with legs. That design, coupled with the special material, enables the robot to move rapidly back and forth when electricity is applied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The robot bends and straightens, and because of the elastic coating, its contortions are harnessed, propelling it forward. The result is that it skitters around in what Zhong describes as a “leapfrogging” motion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You may be wondering: Why did the team build this, exactly?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zhong says he hopes engineers can use the small, flexible robots to aid in the response to natural disasters. After an earthquake, for example, he thinks the resilient robot can help find survivors amongst the rubble and debris, accessing places that humans and larger, less roach-like robots can’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team also hopes to attach a small sensor to the robot that can detect the presence of gas and toxic chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After a disaster, there are many places that are too dangerous for people to search,” Zhong said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insights from the robot research were published in a recent \u003ca href=\"https://robotics.sciencemag.org/content/4/32/eaax1594\">paper\u003c/a> from the the journal \u003cem>Science Robotics\u003c/em>. There’s also a lot of great information about the roach-inspired robot in the UC Berkeley \u003ca href=\"https://news.berkeley.edu/2019/07/31/you-cant-squash-this-roach-inspired-robot/\">news release\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The quarter-sized robot created at the Tsinghua-UC Berkeley Shenzhen Institute resembles a scrap of confetti but is built like a roach. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848433,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":456},"headData":{"title":"VIDEO: This Robot Is Tougher Than You, Stronger Than You, and Shaped Like a Cockroach | KQED","description":"The quarter-sized robot created at the Tsinghua-UC Berkeley Shenzhen Institute resembles a scrap of confetti but is built like a roach. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"VIDEO: This Robot Is Tougher Than You, Stronger Than You, and Shaped Like a Cockroach","datePublished":"2019-08-05T21:09:31.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T01:00:33.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Robotics","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1946089/video-this-robot-is-tougher-than-you-stronger-than-you-and-shaped-like-a-cockroach","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/UtjlbI_dIYI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/UtjlbI_dIYI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cockroaches are gross to lots of people. But not to a group of robotic engineers that’s part of partnership between UC Berkeley and \u003ca href=\"https://tbsi.berkeley.edu/\">Tsinghua\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://tbsi.berkeley.edu/\">–\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://tbsi.berkeley.edu/\">Berkeley\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://tbsi.berkeley.edu/\">Shenzhen\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://tbsi.berkeley.edu/\">Institute.\u003c/a> Where other folks are disgusted, they’re inspired. In fact, their latest robot is built in the form of a roach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the robots at this particular small scale are very fragile. If you step on them, you pretty much destroy the robot,” said Liwei Lin, a professor of mechanical engineering at UC Berkeley and senior author of the \u003ca href=\"https://robotics.sciencemag.org/content/4/32/eaax1594\">study\u003c/a> describing the robot, in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not robo-roach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A cockroach is a very strong insect,” said Junwen Zhong, a member of the team. “A cockroach can survive in a lot of critical environments. They are fast and flexible, and they are very difficult to kill. Even when you step on it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The roach robot weighs less than a tenth of a gram and still works after an attempted squish by someone weighing up to around 130 pounds. It also moves 20 times its body length in a single second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So How Does It Work? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The robot is constructed with a special material that expands and contracts with the application of electricity. (In engineer-speak, the material is piezoelectric, Zhong said, encased in an elastic polymer.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shape of the robot’s body is important; it’s curved and paper thin, with legs. That design, coupled with the special material, enables the robot to move rapidly back and forth when electricity is applied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The robot bends and straightens, and because of the elastic coating, its contortions are harnessed, propelling it forward. The result is that it skitters around in what Zhong describes as a “leapfrogging” motion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You may be wondering: Why did the team build this, exactly?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zhong says he hopes engineers can use the small, flexible robots to aid in the response to natural disasters. After an earthquake, for example, he thinks the resilient robot can help find survivors amongst the rubble and debris, accessing places that humans and larger, less roach-like robots can’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team also hopes to attach a small sensor to the robot that can detect the presence of gas and toxic chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After a disaster, there are many places that are too dangerous for people to search,” Zhong said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insights from the robot research were published in a recent \u003ca href=\"https://robotics.sciencemag.org/content/4/32/eaax1594\">paper\u003c/a> from the the journal \u003cem>Science Robotics\u003c/em>. There’s also a lot of great information about the roach-inspired robot in the UC Berkeley \u003ca href=\"https://news.berkeley.edu/2019/07/31/you-cant-squash-this-roach-inspired-robot/\">news release\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1946089/video-this-robot-is-tougher-than-you-stronger-than-you-and-shaped-like-a-cockroach","authors":["11608"],"categories":["science_2874","science_89","science_40","science_86"],"tags":["science_3840","science_388","science_3830","science_3674"],"featImg":"science_1946208","label":"source_science_1946089"},"science_1931350":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1931350","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1931350","score":null,"sort":[1536878219000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"watch-flapping-robot-sheds-light-on-how-fruit-flies-move","title":"WATCH: Flapping Robot Sheds Light On How Fruit Flies Move","publishDate":1536878219,"format":"aside","headTitle":"WATCH: Flapping Robot Sheds Light On How Fruit Flies Move | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CEhu-FePBC0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As scientists in the Netherlands tried to figure out how to build a super-agile flying robot, they took inspiration from one of nature’s most acrobatic flyers: The humble fruit fly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And by building this robot, they’ve gained new insights into how the fly carries out one of its flashiest maneuvers.[contextly_sidebar id=”nE6ftGB2mfu8h31ka2UZ5Q7cfJLyNXwM”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The robot is called the DelFly Nimble. Its wingspan is about a foot wide. It has four wings that can beat at 17 times per second, which appear very delicate because they’re made of the same material as space blankets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take a look at the DelFly Nimble in action:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Notably, it does \u003cem>not\u003c/em> have a tail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The previous designs, they always had a tail, like a conventional airplane tail,” said the robot’s main designer Matěj Karásek. He’s based at the Micro Air Vehicle Laboratory at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands, and he and his colleagues released their \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.aau7350\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">findings on Thursday in Science\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In previous generations, he said, flapping wings propelled the robot forward while the tail helped to steer and stabilize it. The DelFly Nimble is completely controlled by the wings. “The challenge was actually integrate the control into the wing motion, and that’s what we achieved,” Karásek said.[contextly_sidebar id=”Pbwe7U1XcURTsTqZt7XJ4Mr2mBuPUfyw”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wings can each move individually or rotate around the center axis — the body of the robot — in order to maximize the machine’s agility. It can either be controlled manually or the researchers can pre-program the maneuvers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The robot can hover for about five minutes on a full battery, or fly for more than a kilometer, Karásek said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And because the scientists built it and are controlling all the movements, they can use it to learn more about how fruit flies actually carry out their breakneck maneuvers. That caught the attention of biologists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I first saw the robot flying, I was amazed at how closely its flight resembled that of insects, especially when maneuvering,” experimental zoologist Florian Muijres of Wageningen University & Research said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers tried to get the robot to replicate how they think fruit flies move during what they call “high-agility escape manoeuvres, such as those used when we try to swat them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as they replicated what Karásek calls a “rapid banked turn,” they noticed something interesting – a “new passive aerodynamic mechanism” that helps the fly steer. Basically, the fly is effectively turning around three different axes around the body as it quickly changes direction. But Karásek says they found that one of those three rotations happened passively, so they didn’t actually need to program the robot to turn on that axis.[contextly_sidebar id=”FfWjXAwJB3HRRf4FT3bKQiD2ejnMkVsj”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karásek sees this type of robot carrying out all kinds of tasks in the future. They want to make them smaller, and more autonomous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As it is now, it can already carry a small camera that can send live video feed to the operator,” he said. “Our goal is to make them aware of what is around them, able to avoid hitting obstacles or flying into humans, make them able to explore remote areas, fly through openings like windows and doors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the long term vision is to have them working in a swarm to complete tasks, such as pollinating an entire greenhouse or completing a search and rescue operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=WATCH%3A+Flapping+Robot+Sheds+Light+On+How+Fruit+Flies+Move&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The scientists were inspired by the super-agile fruit fly. And by designing this robot, they've figured out some of the mysteries of one of the fly's fanciest maneuvers. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927492,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":630},"headData":{"title":"WATCH: Flapping Robot Sheds Light On How Fruit Flies Move | KQED","description":"The scientists were inspired by the super-agile fruit fly. And by designing this robot, they've figured out some of the mysteries of one of the fly's fanciest maneuvers. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"WATCH: Flapping Robot Sheds Light On How Fruit Flies Move","datePublished":"2018-09-13T22:36:59.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T22:58:12.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Technology","sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"Henri Werij","nprByline":"Merrit Kennedy, NPR","nprImageAgency":"TU Delft ","nprStoryId":"647390261","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=647390261&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2018/09/13/647390261/watch-flapping-robot-sheds-light-on-how-fruit-flies-move?ft=nprml&f=647390261","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 13 Sep 2018 14:28:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 13 Sep 2018 14:02:41 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 13 Sep 2018 14:28:12 -0400","path":"/science/1931350/watch-flapping-robot-sheds-light-on-how-fruit-flies-move","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/CEhu-FePBC0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/CEhu-FePBC0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>As scientists in the Netherlands tried to figure out how to build a super-agile flying robot, they took inspiration from one of nature’s most acrobatic flyers: The humble fruit fly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And by building this robot, they’ve gained new insights into how the fly carries out one of its flashiest maneuvers.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The robot is called the DelFly Nimble. Its wingspan is about a foot wide. It has four wings that can beat at 17 times per second, which appear very delicate because they’re made of the same material as space blankets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take a look at the DelFly Nimble in action:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Notably, it does \u003cem>not\u003c/em> have a tail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The previous designs, they always had a tail, like a conventional airplane tail,” said the robot’s main designer Matěj Karásek. He’s based at the Micro Air Vehicle Laboratory at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands, and he and his colleagues released their \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.aau7350\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">findings on Thursday in Science\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In previous generations, he said, flapping wings propelled the robot forward while the tail helped to steer and stabilize it. The DelFly Nimble is completely controlled by the wings. “The challenge was actually integrate the control into the wing motion, and that’s what we achieved,” Karásek said.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wings can each move individually or rotate around the center axis — the body of the robot — in order to maximize the machine’s agility. It can either be controlled manually or the researchers can pre-program the maneuvers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The robot can hover for about five minutes on a full battery, or fly for more than a kilometer, Karásek said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And because the scientists built it and are controlling all the movements, they can use it to learn more about how fruit flies actually carry out their breakneck maneuvers. That caught the attention of biologists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I first saw the robot flying, I was amazed at how closely its flight resembled that of insects, especially when maneuvering,” experimental zoologist Florian Muijres of Wageningen University & Research said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers tried to get the robot to replicate how they think fruit flies move during what they call “high-agility escape manoeuvres, such as those used when we try to swat them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as they replicated what Karásek calls a “rapid banked turn,” they noticed something interesting – a “new passive aerodynamic mechanism” that helps the fly steer. Basically, the fly is effectively turning around three different axes around the body as it quickly changes direction. But Karásek says they found that one of those three rotations happened passively, so they didn’t actually need to program the robot to turn on that axis.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karásek sees this type of robot carrying out all kinds of tasks in the future. They want to make them smaller, and more autonomous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As it is now, it can already carry a small camera that can send live video feed to the operator,” he said. “Our goal is to make them aware of what is around them, able to avoid hitting obstacles or flying into humans, make them able to explore remote areas, fly through openings like windows and doors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the long term vision is to have them working in a swarm to complete tasks, such as pollinating an entire greenhouse or completing a search and rescue operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=WATCH%3A+Flapping+Robot+Sheds+Light+On+How+Fruit+Flies+Move&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1931350/watch-flapping-robot-sheds-light-on-how-fruit-flies-move","authors":["byline_science_1931350"],"categories":["science_89","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_3315","science_388","science_461"],"featImg":"science_1931351","label":"source_science_1931350"},"science_1926709":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1926709","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1926709","score":null,"sort":[1530288005000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"robot-with-artificial-intelligence-about-to-invade-space","title":"Robot with Artificial Intelligence About to Invade Space","publishDate":1530288005,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Robot with Artificial Intelligence About to Invade Space | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>A robot with true artificial intelligence is about to invade space.[contextly_sidebar id=”4lzBZjJKlIhpzaw7UhyNtLfbBm0Ies1j”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The large, round, plastic robot head is part of SpaceX’s latest supply delivery to the International Space Station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friday’s pre-dawn liftoff also includes two sets of genetically identical female mice, 20 mousestronauts that will pick up where NASA’s identical twin brother astronauts left off a few years ago. Super-caffeinated coffee is also flying up for the space station’s java-craving crew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As intriguing as identical space siblings and turbo-charged space coffee may be, it’s the German robot — named Cimon, pronounced Simon, after a genius doctor in science fiction’s “Captain Future” — that’s stealing the show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don’t worry about AI running amok on the space station. Cimon’s human handlers promise the first AI space bot will behave. No mutinous takeovers like HAL from the 1968 film classic “2001: A Space Odyssey.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s a friendly guy and he has this hard power-off button,” German Space Agency physicist Christian Karrasch, the project manager, told The Associated Press on Thursday.[contextly_sidebar id=”uFtazHzBH2y0ib3h1IzDjDr1fMMz3YWh”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like HAL, the autonomous Cimon is an acronym: it stands for Crew Interactive Mobile Companion. Its AI brain is courtesy of IBM.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>German astronaut Alexander Gerst, who arrived at the orbiting lab a month ago, will introduce Cimon to space life during three one-hour sessions. Already savvy about Gerst’s science experiments, the self-propelling Cimon will float at the astronaut’s side and help, when asked, with research procedures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cimon has Gerst’s face and voice imprinted in its memory. So while the robot could assist the five other station astronauts, it is best suited for Gerst, according to Karrasch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get Cimon’s attention, Gerst will need only to call its name. Their common language will be English, the official language of the space station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next year, Italian astronaut Luca Parmitano will be Cimon’s orbital master. That’s when the AI researchers will delve more into mood.[contextly_sidebar id=”x2oCHNHtMlOrvOD52lT5i59MC4AyEydD”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it is, Cimon smiles when it senses the conversation is upbeat and frowns when it’s sad. A small screen on the sphere serves as its face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During its open-ended stay on the space station, Cimon should grow ever smarter and more knowledgeable, its system updated via IBM’s Cloud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers chose a ball rather than a humanoid face for Cimon because they thought it would be less potentially disturbing or creepy. Because it’s perfectly round — a little bigger than a basketball — it’s also safer, with no sharp edges that could damage space station equipment or poke astronauts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The entire project, barely two years in the making, came in under 5 million Euros, or $5.8 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real AI payoff will be when astronauts travel to the moon, Mars or other distant destinations. In a medical emergency, no one will want to wait 20 minutes for a call for help to reach Earth and then another 20 minutes for advice to get back to the stricken crew, said NASA’s space station program manager Kirk Shireman. An AI companion could provide instant assistance.[contextly_sidebar id=”EZUIFuTAhFwvp9KnMVgwk0UgKeREgXJc”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cimon is meant for additional brainpower, so it doesn’t have legs or arms. NASA’s humanoid Robonaut, on the other hand, lacked AI but was envisioned as a Spiderman of sorts, its hands and feet designed for grabbing and climbing. Its creators saw Robonaut as a potential spacewalker, off in the future, that could venture outside for mundane tasks, saving astronauts considerable time and risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robonaut is back on Earth. It returned aboard a SpaceX Dragon capsule in May after long bouts of inactivity and wiring trouble. Once fixed, an improved Robonaut may fly back to the space station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Associated Press Health & Science Department receives \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/2G0n9w6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">support\u003c/a> from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The self-propelling robot will float at the astronaut’s side and help, when asked, with research procedures.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927748,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":706},"headData":{"title":"Robot with Artificial Intelligence About to Invade Space | KQED","description":"The self-propelling robot will float at the astronaut’s side and help, when asked, with research procedures.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Robot with Artificial Intelligence About to Invade Space","datePublished":"2018-06-29T16:00:05.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:02:28.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Astronomy","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Marcia Dunn\u003cbr />The Associated Press","path":"/science/1926709/robot-with-artificial-intelligence-about-to-invade-space","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A robot with true artificial intelligence is about to invade space.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The large, round, plastic robot head is part of SpaceX’s latest supply delivery to the International Space Station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friday’s pre-dawn liftoff also includes two sets of genetically identical female mice, 20 mousestronauts that will pick up where NASA’s identical twin brother astronauts left off a few years ago. Super-caffeinated coffee is also flying up for the space station’s java-craving crew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As intriguing as identical space siblings and turbo-charged space coffee may be, it’s the German robot — named Cimon, pronounced Simon, after a genius doctor in science fiction’s “Captain Future” — that’s stealing the show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don’t worry about AI running amok on the space station. Cimon’s human handlers promise the first AI space bot will behave. No mutinous takeovers like HAL from the 1968 film classic “2001: A Space Odyssey.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s a friendly guy and he has this hard power-off button,” German Space Agency physicist Christian Karrasch, the project manager, told The Associated Press on Thursday.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like HAL, the autonomous Cimon is an acronym: it stands for Crew Interactive Mobile Companion. Its AI brain is courtesy of IBM.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>German astronaut Alexander Gerst, who arrived at the orbiting lab a month ago, will introduce Cimon to space life during three one-hour sessions. Already savvy about Gerst’s science experiments, the self-propelling Cimon will float at the astronaut’s side and help, when asked, with research procedures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cimon has Gerst’s face and voice imprinted in its memory. So while the robot could assist the five other station astronauts, it is best suited for Gerst, according to Karrasch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get Cimon’s attention, Gerst will need only to call its name. Their common language will be English, the official language of the space station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next year, Italian astronaut Luca Parmitano will be Cimon’s orbital master. That’s when the AI researchers will delve more into mood.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it is, Cimon smiles when it senses the conversation is upbeat and frowns when it’s sad. A small screen on the sphere serves as its face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During its open-ended stay on the space station, Cimon should grow ever smarter and more knowledgeable, its system updated via IBM’s Cloud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers chose a ball rather than a humanoid face for Cimon because they thought it would be less potentially disturbing or creepy. Because it’s perfectly round — a little bigger than a basketball — it’s also safer, with no sharp edges that could damage space station equipment or poke astronauts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The entire project, barely two years in the making, came in under 5 million Euros, or $5.8 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real AI payoff will be when astronauts travel to the moon, Mars or other distant destinations. In a medical emergency, no one will want to wait 20 minutes for a call for help to reach Earth and then another 20 minutes for advice to get back to the stricken crew, said NASA’s space station program manager Kirk Shireman. An AI companion could provide instant assistance.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cimon is meant for additional brainpower, so it doesn’t have legs or arms. NASA’s humanoid Robonaut, on the other hand, lacked AI but was envisioned as a Spiderman of sorts, its hands and feet designed for grabbing and climbing. Its creators saw Robonaut as a potential spacewalker, off in the future, that could venture outside for mundane tasks, saving astronauts considerable time and risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robonaut is back on Earth. It returned aboard a SpaceX Dragon capsule in May after long bouts of inactivity and wiring trouble. Once fixed, an improved Robonaut may fly back to the space station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Associated Press Health & Science Department receives \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/2G0n9w6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">support\u003c/a> from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1926709/robot-with-artificial-intelligence-about-to-invade-space","authors":["byline_science_1926709"],"categories":["science_28","science_89","science_35","science_3151","science_3424","science_40"],"tags":["science_1073","science_3543","science_388","science_577","science_461"],"featImg":"science_1926711","label":"source_science_1926709"},"science_1926118":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1926118","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1926118","score":null,"sort":[1529521220000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"ibm-computer-proves-formidable-against-2-human-debaters","title":"IBM Computer Proves Formidable Against 2 Human Debaters","publishDate":1529521220,"format":"audio","headTitle":"IBM Computer Proves Formidable Against 2 Human Debaters | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>An argumentative computer proved formidable against two human debaters as IBM gave its first public demonstration of new artificial intelligence technology it’s been working on for more than five years.[contextly_sidebar id=”aTtT9cVuAXf7BWOi4yqhcTtMKmWvBbxk”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new skills show that computers are getting better at mastering human language and speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The computer made its case for government-subsidized space research by pulling in evidence from its huge internal repository of newspapers, journals and other sources. After delivering opening arguments, the computer listened to a professional human debater’s counter-argument and spent four minutes rebutting it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company unveiled its Project Debater in San Francisco on Monday. IBM selected possible topics based on whether they were debatable, but neither the computer nor the human debaters knew the topic in advance. Nonetheless, the computer championed the topic fiercely with just a few awkward gaps in reasoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Subsidizing space exploration is like investing in really good tires,” argued the computer system, its female voice embodied in a 5-foot-tall machine shaped like a monolith with TV screens on its sides. Such research would enrich the human mind, inspire young people and be a “very sound investment,” it said, making it more important even than good roads, schools or health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After closing arguments it moved on to a second debate about telemedicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An IBM research team based in Israel began working on the project not long after IBM’s Watson computer beat two human quizmasters on a “Jeopardy” challenge in 2011.[contextly_sidebar id=”rH9OrzT0AiJ17AyEKyXVRlo0aR6qE8xE”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But rather than just scanning a giant trove of data in search of factoids, IBM’s latest project taps into several more complex branches of AI. Search engine algorithms used by Google and Microsoft’s Bing use similar technology to digest and summarize written content and compose new paragraphs. Voice assistants such as Amazon’s Alexa rely on listening comprehension to answer questions posed by people. Google recently demonstrated an eerily human-like voice assistant that can call hair salons or restaurants to make appointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But IBM says it’s breaking new ground by creating a system that tackles deeper human practices of rhetoric and analysis, and how they’re used to discuss big questions whose answers aren’t always clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you think of the rules of debate, they’re far more open-ended than the rules of a board game,” said Ranit Aharonov, who manages the debater project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IBM doesn’t try to declare a winner of the debates, but Noa Ovadia, one of the human debaters, said the computer was a formidable opponent even if it made a few too many blanket statements about space exploration being the pinnacle of human achievement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ovadia, a national debate champion in Israel, said she was impressed by its fluency in language and ability to construct sentences. She said the computer was able to “get to the bottom line of my arguments” and respond to them.[contextly_sidebar id=”GjJy27brIJjbgVlfnBuchNc4JjNkgWqG”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among several outside experts IBM invited to attend Project Debater’s debut was Chris Reed, who directs the Centre for Argument Technology at the University of Dundee in Scotland. Reed said he was impressed by its grasp of “procatalepsis” — a rhetorical technique that involves anticipating an opponent’s argument and preemptively rebutting it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As expected, the machine tends to be better than humans at bringing in numbers and other detailed supporting evidence. It’s also able to latch onto the most salient and attention-getting elements of an argument, and can even deliver some self-referential jokes about being a computer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it lacks tact, researchers said. Sometimes the jokes don’t come out right. And on Monday, some of the sources it cited — such as a German official and an Arab sheikh — didn’t seem particularly germane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Humans tend to be better at using more expressive language, more original language,” said Dario Gil, IBM’s vice president of AI research. “They bring in their own personal experience as a way to illustrate the point. The machine doesn’t live in the real world or have a life that it’s able to tap into.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no immediate plans to turn Project Debater into a commercial product, but Gil said it could be useful in the future in helping lawyers or other human workers make informed decisions.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"IBM’s latest project taps into several more complex branches of AI. The new skills show that computers are getting better at mastering human language and speech.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927787,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":764},"headData":{"title":"IBM Computer Proves Formidable Against 2 Human Debaters | KQED","description":"IBM’s latest project taps into several more complex branches of AI. The new skills show that computers are getting better at mastering human language and speech.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"IBM Computer Proves Formidable Against 2 Human Debaters","datePublished":"2018-06-20T19:00:20.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:03:07.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Technology","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Matt O'Brien\u003cbr />Associated Press","path":"/science/1926118/ibm-computer-proves-formidable-against-2-human-debaters","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>An argumentative computer proved formidable against two human debaters as IBM gave its first public demonstration of new artificial intelligence technology it’s been working on for more than five years.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new skills show that computers are getting better at mastering human language and speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The computer made its case for government-subsidized space research by pulling in evidence from its huge internal repository of newspapers, journals and other sources. After delivering opening arguments, the computer listened to a professional human debater’s counter-argument and spent four minutes rebutting it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company unveiled its Project Debater in San Francisco on Monday. IBM selected possible topics based on whether they were debatable, but neither the computer nor the human debaters knew the topic in advance. Nonetheless, the computer championed the topic fiercely with just a few awkward gaps in reasoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Subsidizing space exploration is like investing in really good tires,” argued the computer system, its female voice embodied in a 5-foot-tall machine shaped like a monolith with TV screens on its sides. Such research would enrich the human mind, inspire young people and be a “very sound investment,” it said, making it more important even than good roads, schools or health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After closing arguments it moved on to a second debate about telemedicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An IBM research team based in Israel began working on the project not long after IBM’s Watson computer beat two human quizmasters on a “Jeopardy” challenge in 2011.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But rather than just scanning a giant trove of data in search of factoids, IBM’s latest project taps into several more complex branches of AI. Search engine algorithms used by Google and Microsoft’s Bing use similar technology to digest and summarize written content and compose new paragraphs. Voice assistants such as Amazon’s Alexa rely on listening comprehension to answer questions posed by people. Google recently demonstrated an eerily human-like voice assistant that can call hair salons or restaurants to make appointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But IBM says it’s breaking new ground by creating a system that tackles deeper human practices of rhetoric and analysis, and how they’re used to discuss big questions whose answers aren’t always clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you think of the rules of debate, they’re far more open-ended than the rules of a board game,” said Ranit Aharonov, who manages the debater project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IBM doesn’t try to declare a winner of the debates, but Noa Ovadia, one of the human debaters, said the computer was a formidable opponent even if it made a few too many blanket statements about space exploration being the pinnacle of human achievement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ovadia, a national debate champion in Israel, said she was impressed by its fluency in language and ability to construct sentences. She said the computer was able to “get to the bottom line of my arguments” and respond to them.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among several outside experts IBM invited to attend Project Debater’s debut was Chris Reed, who directs the Centre for Argument Technology at the University of Dundee in Scotland. Reed said he was impressed by its grasp of “procatalepsis” — a rhetorical technique that involves anticipating an opponent’s argument and preemptively rebutting it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As expected, the machine tends to be better than humans at bringing in numbers and other detailed supporting evidence. It’s also able to latch onto the most salient and attention-getting elements of an argument, and can even deliver some self-referential jokes about being a computer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it lacks tact, researchers said. Sometimes the jokes don’t come out right. And on Monday, some of the sources it cited — such as a German official and an Arab sheikh — didn’t seem particularly germane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Humans tend to be better at using more expressive language, more original language,” said Dario Gil, IBM’s vice president of AI research. “They bring in their own personal experience as a way to illustrate the point. The machine doesn’t live in the real world or have a life that it’s able to tap into.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no immediate plans to turn Project Debater into a commercial product, but Gil said it could be useful in the future in helping lawyers or other human workers make informed decisions.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1926118/ibm-computer-proves-formidable-against-2-human-debaters","authors":["byline_science_1926118"],"categories":["science_89","science_35","science_3151","science_3424","science_40"],"tags":["science_3663","science_388","science_461"],"featImg":"science_1926120","label":"source_science_1926118"},"science_1404977":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1404977","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1404977","score":null,"sort":[1487345443000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"nasa-considers-a-robotic-lander-to-search-for-signs-of-life-on-jupiters-moon","title":"NASA Considers a Robotic Lander to Search for Signs of Life on Jupiter’s Moon","publishDate":1487345443,"format":"standard","headTitle":"NASA Considers a Robotic Lander to Search for Signs of Life on Jupiter’s Moon | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>We may be one small step closer to “first contact” with extraterrestrial life. On February 7, scientists delivered a report ordered by NASA\u003ca href=\"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/2017/02/08/nasa-receives-science-report-on-europa-lander-concept\"> detailing the feasibility and potential scientific value\u003c/a> of sending a robotic lander to Jupiter’s ocean-bearing moon, Europa, to search for signs of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This would be only the third solar system moon on which we have landed, following earlier missions to Earth’s own moon and to Saturn’s liquid-hydrocarbon bearing satellite, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/content/ten-years-ago-huygens-probe-lands-on-surface-of-titan\">Titan\u003c/a>. Unlike those two, however, Europa may harbor an environment friendly to life as we know it on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If approved by NASA, it would be the first life-detection mission since the \u003ca href=\"https://phys.org/news/2016-10-year-old-viking-life-mars.html\">Viking landers looked for evidence of microbial life\u003c/a> in Mars’ soils back in the late 1970s. Other mission goals include analyzing the composition of surface materials to assess the habitability of Europa and to probe the structure of the frozen crust, information that would inform future missions exploring the moon’s ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ever since photos taken by Voyager 2 in 1979 suggested the presence of a deep ocean of liquid water beneath Europa’s cracked icy surface, Jupiter’s moon has become the most tantalizing body in the solar system in the search for extraterrestrial life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1404981\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 790px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1404981\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/voyager-2-europa-1.jpg\" alt=\"One of the first detailed pictures of Europa and its cracked, icy surface, taken by Voyager 2 in 1979.\" width=\"790\" height=\"790\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/voyager-2-europa-1.jpg 790w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/voyager-2-europa-1-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/voyager-2-europa-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/voyager-2-europa-1-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/voyager-2-europa-1-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/voyager-2-europa-1-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/voyager-2-europa-1-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/voyager-2-europa-1-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/voyager-2-europa-1-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/voyager-2-europa-1-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/voyager-2-europa-1-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/voyager-2-europa-1-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 790px) 100vw, 790px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of the first detailed pictures of Europa and its cracked, icy surface, taken by Voyager 2 in 1979. \u003ccite>(Voyager/NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Europa’s ocean has made its presence known not only by cracks in the icy crust. In 2014, the Hubble Space Telescope first detected water vapor plumes erupting from below Europa’s surface that are believed to be supplied by that ocean. Also, in the early 2000’s the Galileo spacecraft measured disturbances in Jupiter’s magnetic field caused by Europa, and the nature of those disturbances suggest that its ocean waters are likely salty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our current interpretation of the evidence tells us that Europa’s ice crust may be only a few miles thick, and floating on top a salty global ocean as deep as 30 miles and containing twice the amount of water in all of Earth’s oceans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1404985\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1404985\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/EuropaCutawayCarroll_700_Michael_Carroll.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of a cutaway of Europa's interior, detailing the suspected saltwater ocean and thermally active ocean floor. \" width=\"700\" height=\"665\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/EuropaCutawayCarroll_700_Michael_Carroll.jpg 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/EuropaCutawayCarroll_700_Michael_Carroll-160x152.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/EuropaCutawayCarroll_700_Michael_Carroll-240x228.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/EuropaCutawayCarroll_700_Michael_Carroll-375x356.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/EuropaCutawayCarroll_700_Michael_Carroll-520x494.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of a cutaway of Europa’s interior, detailing the suspected saltwater ocean and thermally active ocean floor. \u003ccite>(Michael Carroll)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even more enticing for astrobiologists looking for extraterrestrial life, Europa’s ocean probably sits on top of a rocky sea floor. If so, then heat from the moon’s interior may emerge through hydrothermal vents, supplying energy and chemicals to create an environment suitable to support some form of life. Similar geothermal vents on Earth’s ocean floor support thriving communities of marine life that depend solely on energy and chemicals from Earth’s interior, without any need for sunlight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1409962\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 806px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1409962\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Y2FjNTZkODUxMiMvV09mM0xJTXVIRzRtcEZ5SnVYYkRSTDBlWkZzPS8yNng0NjQ6MTAxNXgxMDExLzgwNng0NDUvZmlsdGVyczpxdWFsaXR5KDcwKS9odHRwOi8vczMuYW1hem9uYXdzLmNvbS9wb2xpY3ltaWMtaW1hZ2VzL21yaXl6Ynlrb3U5ZW9seGJ2MWd1ZnhlMzhhbXVhcThkdmVteX.jpg\" alt=\"Artist illustration of plumes of water vapor supplied by Europa's ocean erupting from cracks in its icy crust. \" width=\"806\" height=\"445\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Y2FjNTZkODUxMiMvV09mM0xJTXVIRzRtcEZ5SnVYYkRSTDBlWkZzPS8yNng0NjQ6MTAxNXgxMDExLzgwNng0NDUvZmlsdGVyczpxdWFsaXR5KDcwKS9odHRwOi8vczMuYW1hem9uYXdzLmNvbS9wb2xpY3ltaWMtaW1hZ2VzL21yaXl6Ynlrb3U5ZW9seGJ2MWd1ZnhlMzhhbXVhcThkdmVteX.jpg 806w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Y2FjNTZkODUxMiMvV09mM0xJTXVIRzRtcEZ5SnVYYkRSTDBlWkZzPS8yNng0NjQ6MTAxNXgxMDExLzgwNng0NDUvZmlsdGVyczpxdWFsaXR5KDcwKS9odHRwOi8vczMuYW1hem9uYXdzLmNvbS9wb2xpY3ltaWMtaW1hZ2VzL21yaXl6Ynlrb3U5ZW9seGJ2MWd1ZnhlMzhhbXVhcThkdmVteX-160x88.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Y2FjNTZkODUxMiMvV09mM0xJTXVIRzRtcEZ5SnVYYkRSTDBlWkZzPS8yNng0NjQ6MTAxNXgxMDExLzgwNng0NDUvZmlsdGVyczpxdWFsaXR5KDcwKS9odHRwOi8vczMuYW1hem9uYXdzLmNvbS9wb2xpY3ltaWMtaW1hZ2VzL21yaXl6Ynlrb3U5ZW9seGJ2MWd1ZnhlMzhhbXVhcThkdmVteX-800x442.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Y2FjNTZkODUxMiMvV09mM0xJTXVIRzRtcEZ5SnVYYkRSTDBlWkZzPS8yNng0NjQ6MTAxNXgxMDExLzgwNng0NDUvZmlsdGVyczpxdWFsaXR5KDcwKS9odHRwOi8vczMuYW1hem9uYXdzLmNvbS9wb2xpY3ltaWMtaW1hZ2VzL21yaXl6Ynlrb3U5ZW9seGJ2MWd1ZnhlMzhhbXVhcThkdmVteX-768x424.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Y2FjNTZkODUxMiMvV09mM0xJTXVIRzRtcEZ5SnVYYkRSTDBlWkZzPS8yNng0NjQ6MTAxNXgxMDExLzgwNng0NDUvZmlsdGVyczpxdWFsaXR5KDcwKS9odHRwOi8vczMuYW1hem9uYXdzLmNvbS9wb2xpY3ltaWMtaW1hZ2VzL21yaXl6Ynlrb3U5ZW9seGJ2MWd1ZnhlMzhhbXVhcThkdmVteX-672x372.jpg 672w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Y2FjNTZkODUxMiMvV09mM0xJTXVIRzRtcEZ5SnVYYkRSTDBlWkZzPS8yNng0NjQ6MTAxNXgxMDExLzgwNng0NDUvZmlsdGVyczpxdWFsaXR5KDcwKS9odHRwOi8vczMuYW1hem9uYXdzLmNvbS9wb2xpY3ltaWMtaW1hZ2VzL21yaXl6Ynlrb3U5ZW9seGJ2MWd1ZnhlMzhhbXVhcThkdmVteX-240x133.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Y2FjNTZkODUxMiMvV09mM0xJTXVIRzRtcEZ5SnVYYkRSTDBlWkZzPS8yNng0NjQ6MTAxNXgxMDExLzgwNng0NDUvZmlsdGVyczpxdWFsaXR5KDcwKS9odHRwOi8vczMuYW1hem9uYXdzLmNvbS9wb2xpY3ltaWMtaW1hZ2VzL21yaXl6Ynlrb3U5ZW9seGJ2MWd1ZnhlMzhhbXVhcThkdmVteX-375x207.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Y2FjNTZkODUxMiMvV09mM0xJTXVIRzRtcEZ5SnVYYkRSTDBlWkZzPS8yNng0NjQ6MTAxNXgxMDExLzgwNng0NDUvZmlsdGVyczpxdWFsaXR5KDcwKS9odHRwOi8vczMuYW1hem9uYXdzLmNvbS9wb2xpY3ltaWMtaW1hZ2VzL21yaXl6Ynlrb3U5ZW9seGJ2MWd1ZnhlMzhhbXVhcThkdmVteX-520x287.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 806px) 100vw, 806px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist illustration of plumes of water vapor supplied by Europa’s ocean erupting from cracks in its icy crust. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though we have found sub-surface bodies of liquid water in several solar system objects, only those of Europa and Saturn’s moon \u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/30419-alien-life-search-enceladus-mission.html\">Enceladus\u003c/a> are believed to be in direct contact with a rocky ocean floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While scientists consider the new study, a separate NASA mission, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/europa-mission/\">Europa Mission\u003c/a>, is already in development and expected to launch sometime in the early 2020’s. The Europa Mission spacecraft will make multiple close passes of Jupiter’s moon, analyzing the structure and composition of its icy crust, the interaction between Europa and Jupiter’s magnetic field, and possibly “sniffing” the chemical makeup of the water vapor plumes erupting from Europa’s southern region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his novel\u003cem>, “2010: Odyssey Two,”\u003c/em> Arthur C. Clarke landed a fictitious \u003ca href=\"https://universe-review.ca/I07-18-2010.jpg\">Chinese spacecraft\u003c/a> and its human crew on Europa, though with a different mission goal in mind. The novel’s Chinese explorers made moon-fall simply to fill their ship’s propellant tanks with water in order to continue their journey. In that case, humans didn’t find life on Europa; it found them. Their adventure ended when huge tentacle-like vines emerged from a crack in the ice to pull the doomed ship into the dark, watery depths below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s too early to peg any dates for a landing on Europa. NASA is at the earliest conceptual stages for such a mission. As a next step toward deciding how, or if, to proceed, NASA will ask for input from scientists in meetings planned for early this spring. How to land a spacecraft on a moon with no atmosphere and mostly unexplored terrain, and what kinds of scientific instruments it should carry, are some of the questions that will be explored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Europa is such a promising place to look for extraterrestrial life, landing a spacecraft there is a next logical step in a series of missions to scrutinize the ice-crusted moon and the mysterious, potentially life-bearing ocean it possesses.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"On February 7, NASA received a report detailing the potential scientific value of sending a robotic lander to set down on the icy surface of Jupiter's tantalizing, ocean-bearing moon, Europa, with a mission to search for life….","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704929074,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":847},"headData":{"title":"NASA Considers a Robotic Lander to Search for Signs of Life on Jupiter’s Moon | KQED","description":"On February 7, NASA received a report detailing the potential scientific value of sending a robotic lander to set down on the icy surface of Jupiter's tantalizing, ocean-bearing moon, Europa, with a mission to search for life….","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"NASA Considers a Robotic Lander to Search for Signs of Life on Jupiter’s Moon","datePublished":"2017-02-17T15:30:43.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:24:34.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/1404977/nasa-considers-a-robotic-lander-to-search-for-signs-of-life-on-jupiters-moon","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>We may be one small step closer to “first contact” with extraterrestrial life. On February 7, scientists delivered a report ordered by NASA\u003ca href=\"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/2017/02/08/nasa-receives-science-report-on-europa-lander-concept\"> detailing the feasibility and potential scientific value\u003c/a> of sending a robotic lander to Jupiter’s ocean-bearing moon, Europa, to search for signs of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This would be only the third solar system moon on which we have landed, following earlier missions to Earth’s own moon and to Saturn’s liquid-hydrocarbon bearing satellite, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/content/ten-years-ago-huygens-probe-lands-on-surface-of-titan\">Titan\u003c/a>. Unlike those two, however, Europa may harbor an environment friendly to life as we know it on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If approved by NASA, it would be the first life-detection mission since the \u003ca href=\"https://phys.org/news/2016-10-year-old-viking-life-mars.html\">Viking landers looked for evidence of microbial life\u003c/a> in Mars’ soils back in the late 1970s. Other mission goals include analyzing the composition of surface materials to assess the habitability of Europa and to probe the structure of the frozen crust, information that would inform future missions exploring the moon’s ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ever since photos taken by Voyager 2 in 1979 suggested the presence of a deep ocean of liquid water beneath Europa’s cracked icy surface, Jupiter’s moon has become the most tantalizing body in the solar system in the search for extraterrestrial life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1404981\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 790px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1404981\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/voyager-2-europa-1.jpg\" alt=\"One of the first detailed pictures of Europa and its cracked, icy surface, taken by Voyager 2 in 1979.\" width=\"790\" height=\"790\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/voyager-2-europa-1.jpg 790w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/voyager-2-europa-1-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/voyager-2-europa-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/voyager-2-europa-1-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/voyager-2-europa-1-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/voyager-2-europa-1-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/voyager-2-europa-1-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/voyager-2-europa-1-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/voyager-2-europa-1-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/voyager-2-europa-1-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/voyager-2-europa-1-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/voyager-2-europa-1-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 790px) 100vw, 790px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of the first detailed pictures of Europa and its cracked, icy surface, taken by Voyager 2 in 1979. \u003ccite>(Voyager/NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Europa’s ocean has made its presence known not only by cracks in the icy crust. In 2014, the Hubble Space Telescope first detected water vapor plumes erupting from below Europa’s surface that are believed to be supplied by that ocean. Also, in the early 2000’s the Galileo spacecraft measured disturbances in Jupiter’s magnetic field caused by Europa, and the nature of those disturbances suggest that its ocean waters are likely salty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our current interpretation of the evidence tells us that Europa’s ice crust may be only a few miles thick, and floating on top a salty global ocean as deep as 30 miles and containing twice the amount of water in all of Earth’s oceans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1404985\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1404985\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/EuropaCutawayCarroll_700_Michael_Carroll.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of a cutaway of Europa's interior, detailing the suspected saltwater ocean and thermally active ocean floor. \" width=\"700\" height=\"665\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/EuropaCutawayCarroll_700_Michael_Carroll.jpg 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/EuropaCutawayCarroll_700_Michael_Carroll-160x152.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/EuropaCutawayCarroll_700_Michael_Carroll-240x228.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/EuropaCutawayCarroll_700_Michael_Carroll-375x356.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/EuropaCutawayCarroll_700_Michael_Carroll-520x494.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of a cutaway of Europa’s interior, detailing the suspected saltwater ocean and thermally active ocean floor. \u003ccite>(Michael Carroll)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even more enticing for astrobiologists looking for extraterrestrial life, Europa’s ocean probably sits on top of a rocky sea floor. If so, then heat from the moon’s interior may emerge through hydrothermal vents, supplying energy and chemicals to create an environment suitable to support some form of life. Similar geothermal vents on Earth’s ocean floor support thriving communities of marine life that depend solely on energy and chemicals from Earth’s interior, without any need for sunlight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1409962\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 806px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1409962\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Y2FjNTZkODUxMiMvV09mM0xJTXVIRzRtcEZ5SnVYYkRSTDBlWkZzPS8yNng0NjQ6MTAxNXgxMDExLzgwNng0NDUvZmlsdGVyczpxdWFsaXR5KDcwKS9odHRwOi8vczMuYW1hem9uYXdzLmNvbS9wb2xpY3ltaWMtaW1hZ2VzL21yaXl6Ynlrb3U5ZW9seGJ2MWd1ZnhlMzhhbXVhcThkdmVteX.jpg\" alt=\"Artist illustration of plumes of water vapor supplied by Europa's ocean erupting from cracks in its icy crust. \" width=\"806\" height=\"445\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Y2FjNTZkODUxMiMvV09mM0xJTXVIRzRtcEZ5SnVYYkRSTDBlWkZzPS8yNng0NjQ6MTAxNXgxMDExLzgwNng0NDUvZmlsdGVyczpxdWFsaXR5KDcwKS9odHRwOi8vczMuYW1hem9uYXdzLmNvbS9wb2xpY3ltaWMtaW1hZ2VzL21yaXl6Ynlrb3U5ZW9seGJ2MWd1ZnhlMzhhbXVhcThkdmVteX.jpg 806w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Y2FjNTZkODUxMiMvV09mM0xJTXVIRzRtcEZ5SnVYYkRSTDBlWkZzPS8yNng0NjQ6MTAxNXgxMDExLzgwNng0NDUvZmlsdGVyczpxdWFsaXR5KDcwKS9odHRwOi8vczMuYW1hem9uYXdzLmNvbS9wb2xpY3ltaWMtaW1hZ2VzL21yaXl6Ynlrb3U5ZW9seGJ2MWd1ZnhlMzhhbXVhcThkdmVteX-160x88.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Y2FjNTZkODUxMiMvV09mM0xJTXVIRzRtcEZ5SnVYYkRSTDBlWkZzPS8yNng0NjQ6MTAxNXgxMDExLzgwNng0NDUvZmlsdGVyczpxdWFsaXR5KDcwKS9odHRwOi8vczMuYW1hem9uYXdzLmNvbS9wb2xpY3ltaWMtaW1hZ2VzL21yaXl6Ynlrb3U5ZW9seGJ2MWd1ZnhlMzhhbXVhcThkdmVteX-800x442.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Y2FjNTZkODUxMiMvV09mM0xJTXVIRzRtcEZ5SnVYYkRSTDBlWkZzPS8yNng0NjQ6MTAxNXgxMDExLzgwNng0NDUvZmlsdGVyczpxdWFsaXR5KDcwKS9odHRwOi8vczMuYW1hem9uYXdzLmNvbS9wb2xpY3ltaWMtaW1hZ2VzL21yaXl6Ynlrb3U5ZW9seGJ2MWd1ZnhlMzhhbXVhcThkdmVteX-768x424.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Y2FjNTZkODUxMiMvV09mM0xJTXVIRzRtcEZ5SnVYYkRSTDBlWkZzPS8yNng0NjQ6MTAxNXgxMDExLzgwNng0NDUvZmlsdGVyczpxdWFsaXR5KDcwKS9odHRwOi8vczMuYW1hem9uYXdzLmNvbS9wb2xpY3ltaWMtaW1hZ2VzL21yaXl6Ynlrb3U5ZW9seGJ2MWd1ZnhlMzhhbXVhcThkdmVteX-672x372.jpg 672w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Y2FjNTZkODUxMiMvV09mM0xJTXVIRzRtcEZ5SnVYYkRSTDBlWkZzPS8yNng0NjQ6MTAxNXgxMDExLzgwNng0NDUvZmlsdGVyczpxdWFsaXR5KDcwKS9odHRwOi8vczMuYW1hem9uYXdzLmNvbS9wb2xpY3ltaWMtaW1hZ2VzL21yaXl6Ynlrb3U5ZW9seGJ2MWd1ZnhlMzhhbXVhcThkdmVteX-240x133.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Y2FjNTZkODUxMiMvV09mM0xJTXVIRzRtcEZ5SnVYYkRSTDBlWkZzPS8yNng0NjQ6MTAxNXgxMDExLzgwNng0NDUvZmlsdGVyczpxdWFsaXR5KDcwKS9odHRwOi8vczMuYW1hem9uYXdzLmNvbS9wb2xpY3ltaWMtaW1hZ2VzL21yaXl6Ynlrb3U5ZW9seGJ2MWd1ZnhlMzhhbXVhcThkdmVteX-375x207.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Y2FjNTZkODUxMiMvV09mM0xJTXVIRzRtcEZ5SnVYYkRSTDBlWkZzPS8yNng0NjQ6MTAxNXgxMDExLzgwNng0NDUvZmlsdGVyczpxdWFsaXR5KDcwKS9odHRwOi8vczMuYW1hem9uYXdzLmNvbS9wb2xpY3ltaWMtaW1hZ2VzL21yaXl6Ynlrb3U5ZW9seGJ2MWd1ZnhlMzhhbXVhcThkdmVteX-520x287.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 806px) 100vw, 806px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist illustration of plumes of water vapor supplied by Europa’s ocean erupting from cracks in its icy crust. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though we have found sub-surface bodies of liquid water in several solar system objects, only those of Europa and Saturn’s moon \u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/30419-alien-life-search-enceladus-mission.html\">Enceladus\u003c/a> are believed to be in direct contact with a rocky ocean floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While scientists consider the new study, a separate NASA mission, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/europa-mission/\">Europa Mission\u003c/a>, is already in development and expected to launch sometime in the early 2020’s. The Europa Mission spacecraft will make multiple close passes of Jupiter’s moon, analyzing the structure and composition of its icy crust, the interaction between Europa and Jupiter’s magnetic field, and possibly “sniffing” the chemical makeup of the water vapor plumes erupting from Europa’s southern region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his novel\u003cem>, “2010: Odyssey Two,”\u003c/em> Arthur C. Clarke landed a fictitious \u003ca href=\"https://universe-review.ca/I07-18-2010.jpg\">Chinese spacecraft\u003c/a> and its human crew on Europa, though with a different mission goal in mind. The novel’s Chinese explorers made moon-fall simply to fill their ship’s propellant tanks with water in order to continue their journey. In that case, humans didn’t find life on Europa; it found them. Their adventure ended when huge tentacle-like vines emerged from a crack in the ice to pull the doomed ship into the dark, watery depths below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s too early to peg any dates for a landing on Europa. NASA is at the earliest conceptual stages for such a mission. As a next step toward deciding how, or if, to proceed, NASA will ask for input from scientists in meetings planned for early this spring. How to land a spacecraft on a moon with no atmosphere and mostly unexplored terrain, and what kinds of scientific instruments it should carry, are some of the questions that will be explored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Europa is such a promising place to look for extraterrestrial life, landing a spacecraft there is a next logical step in a series of missions to scrutinize the ice-crusted moon and the mysterious, potentially life-bearing ocean it possesses.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1404977/nasa-considers-a-robotic-lander-to-search-for-signs-of-life-on-jupiters-moon","authors":["6180"],"categories":["science_28"],"tags":["science_2356","science_503","science_1064","science_5180","science_351","science_5175","science_388"],"featImg":"science_1404983","label":"science"},"science_635319":{"type":"posts","id":"science_635319","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"635319","score":null,"sort":[1461070803000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"this-pulsating-slime-mold-comes-in-peace","title":"This Pulsating Slime Mold Comes in Peace","publishDate":1461070803,"format":"video","headTitle":"This Pulsating Slime Mold Comes in Peace | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1935,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]Flip over a rotting log and chances are you’ll see a goopy streak stuck to the wood. If you were to film this goop and play the video back in high speed, you’d see something that might remind you of the 1950s sci-fi classic \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TdUsyXQ8Wrs\">“The Blob”\u003c/a>—a jelly-like creature pulsating in a strange way, a little bit forward, a little bit back, spreading and searching for something to devour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_635530\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/DL_307SlimeMolds_SLIME_MOLD_SPREADS_4_500.gif\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-635530\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-635530\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/DL_307SlimeMolds_SLIME_MOLD_SPREADS_4_500.gif\" alt=\"A slime mold pulsates across a log. \" width=\"500\" height=\"280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A slime mold pulsates across a log. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But this creature isn’t intent on world domination. It’s a slime mold, a very simple organism that is neither plant, nor animal, nor fungus. Unlike the cells of other living beings, which have only one nucleus that carries their genetic information, slime molds can organize into something like a cell with thousands of nuclei. Slime molds may move slowly, but they excite scientists by their ability to get a lot done with very little.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_635517\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/DL_307SlimeMolds_HONEYCOMB_CORAL_SLIME_MOLD2.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-635517\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-635517\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/DL_307SlimeMolds_HONEYCOMB_CORAL_SLIME_MOLD2-1440x810.jpg\" alt=\"Even though they’re not fungi or plants, slime molds can act like them. This honeycomb coral slime mold on a redwood log in Oakland has produced fruiting bodies that will eventually open up and spread spores. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/DL_307SlimeMolds_HONEYCOMB_CORAL_SLIME_MOLD2-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/DL_307SlimeMolds_HONEYCOMB_CORAL_SLIME_MOLD2-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/DL_307SlimeMolds_HONEYCOMB_CORAL_SLIME_MOLD2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/DL_307SlimeMolds_HONEYCOMB_CORAL_SLIME_MOLD2-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/DL_307SlimeMolds_HONEYCOMB_CORAL_SLIME_MOLD2.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/DL_307SlimeMolds_HONEYCOMB_CORAL_SLIME_MOLD2-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/DL_307SlimeMolds_HONEYCOMB_CORAL_SLIME_MOLD2-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Even though they’re not fungi or plants, slime molds can act like them. This honeycomb coral slime mold on a redwood log in Oakland has produced fruiting bodies that will eventually open up and spread spores. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Researchers at UC San Diego and UC Davis have been focusing their attention on how slime molds get around, in the hope of inspiring a new generation of soft-bodied robots with medical applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slime molds don’t have legs or any appendages. They eat bacteria and tiny fungi. And they move just by changing their shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s intriguing to understand how they can move when they’re softer than the environment,” said UC San Diego aerospace engineer \u003ca href=\"http://jacobsschool.ucsd.edu/faculty/faculty_bios/index.sfe?fmp_recid=289\">Juan Carlos del Álamo\u003c/a>. “The absence of limbs makes it a difficult problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slime mold’s locomotion is triggered by a chemical reaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_635532\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/DL_307SlimeMolds_SLIME_MOLD_PIECE_MOVES_500.gif\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-635532\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-635532 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/DL_307SlimeMolds_SLIME_MOLD_PIECE_MOVES_500.gif\" alt=\"Researchers at the University of California, San Diego, put a piece of slime mold under a microscope to study its movement. The walls of the slime mold contract around the middle as the result of a chemical reaction. Some of the circles visible inside the slime mold are its nuclei.\" width=\"500\" height=\"280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researchers at the UC San Diego, put a piece of slime mold under a microscope to study its movement. The walls of the slime mold contract around the middle as the result of a chemical reaction. Some of the circles visible inside the slime mold are its nuclei. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the lab, del Álamo and his colleagues cut off small pieces of a bright yellow slime mold called \u003cem>Physarum polycephalum\u003c/em> and put them under a microscope. They watched each piece squeeze itself. This contraction is triggered by tiny calcium ions flowing inside it. The slime mold contracts its wall, then sloshes to move the calcium ions back so that they can trigger another contraction—at least that’s the researchers’ hypothesis. Under the microscope, the piece of slime mold looks like a pulsating water balloon. It contracts every minute or so and can glide over different surfaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s similar to what happens in our muscles when they contract,” said del Álamo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Believe it or not, slime molds and humans are both made up of similar proteins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Del Álamo doesn’t build robots, but his hope is that his team’s work on slime mold locomotion will inspire the creation of a kind of robotic goo that could squeeze into the narrowest parts of our body and help us stay healthy by say, unclogging our arteries or performing eye surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_635533\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/DL_307SlimeMolds_SLIME_MOLD_SPREADS_3_500.gif\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-635533\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-635533\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/DL_307SlimeMolds_SLIME_MOLD_SPREADS_3_500.gif\" alt=\"A slime mold pulsates on a log. \" width=\"500\" height=\"280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A slime mold pulsates on a log. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nothing like this exists yet, said del Álamo. But his research is part of a broad interest in “active soft matter”—the search of how to harness materials at the boundary of solid and fluid that can generate their own movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This isn’t going to happen next year,” laughed del Álamo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the time being, he’s having fun imagining a sci-fi blob that might one day replace today’s catheter in your heart or laser surgery on your eyes.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Slime molds are jelly-like blobs that pulsate through the forest. Could they inspire a gooey robot?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704930297,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":666},"headData":{"title":"This Pulsating Slime Mold Comes in Peace | KQED","description":"Slime molds are jelly-like blobs that pulsate through the forest. Could they inspire a gooey robot?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"This Pulsating Slime Mold Comes in Peace","datePublished":"2016-04-19T13:00:03.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:44:57.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/Nx3Uu1hfl6Q","sticky":false,"path":"/science/635319/this-pulsating-slime-mold-comes-in-peace","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"dl_subscribe","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Flip over a rotting log and chances are you’ll see a goopy streak stuck to the wood. If you were to film this goop and play the video back in high speed, you’d see something that might remind you of the 1950s sci-fi classic \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TdUsyXQ8Wrs\">“The Blob”\u003c/a>—a jelly-like creature pulsating in a strange way, a little bit forward, a little bit back, spreading and searching for something to devour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_635530\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/DL_307SlimeMolds_SLIME_MOLD_SPREADS_4_500.gif\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-635530\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-635530\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/DL_307SlimeMolds_SLIME_MOLD_SPREADS_4_500.gif\" alt=\"A slime mold pulsates across a log. \" width=\"500\" height=\"280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A slime mold pulsates across a log. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But this creature isn’t intent on world domination. It’s a slime mold, a very simple organism that is neither plant, nor animal, nor fungus. Unlike the cells of other living beings, which have only one nucleus that carries their genetic information, slime molds can organize into something like a cell with thousands of nuclei. Slime molds may move slowly, but they excite scientists by their ability to get a lot done with very little.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_635517\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/DL_307SlimeMolds_HONEYCOMB_CORAL_SLIME_MOLD2.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-635517\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-635517\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/DL_307SlimeMolds_HONEYCOMB_CORAL_SLIME_MOLD2-1440x810.jpg\" alt=\"Even though they’re not fungi or plants, slime molds can act like them. This honeycomb coral slime mold on a redwood log in Oakland has produced fruiting bodies that will eventually open up and spread spores. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/DL_307SlimeMolds_HONEYCOMB_CORAL_SLIME_MOLD2-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/DL_307SlimeMolds_HONEYCOMB_CORAL_SLIME_MOLD2-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/DL_307SlimeMolds_HONEYCOMB_CORAL_SLIME_MOLD2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/DL_307SlimeMolds_HONEYCOMB_CORAL_SLIME_MOLD2-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/DL_307SlimeMolds_HONEYCOMB_CORAL_SLIME_MOLD2.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/DL_307SlimeMolds_HONEYCOMB_CORAL_SLIME_MOLD2-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/DL_307SlimeMolds_HONEYCOMB_CORAL_SLIME_MOLD2-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Even though they’re not fungi or plants, slime molds can act like them. This honeycomb coral slime mold on a redwood log in Oakland has produced fruiting bodies that will eventually open up and spread spores. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Researchers at UC San Diego and UC Davis have been focusing their attention on how slime molds get around, in the hope of inspiring a new generation of soft-bodied robots with medical applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slime molds don’t have legs or any appendages. They eat bacteria and tiny fungi. And they move just by changing their shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s intriguing to understand how they can move when they’re softer than the environment,” said UC San Diego aerospace engineer \u003ca href=\"http://jacobsschool.ucsd.edu/faculty/faculty_bios/index.sfe?fmp_recid=289\">Juan Carlos del Álamo\u003c/a>. “The absence of limbs makes it a difficult problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slime mold’s locomotion is triggered by a chemical reaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_635532\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/DL_307SlimeMolds_SLIME_MOLD_PIECE_MOVES_500.gif\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-635532\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-635532 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/DL_307SlimeMolds_SLIME_MOLD_PIECE_MOVES_500.gif\" alt=\"Researchers at the University of California, San Diego, put a piece of slime mold under a microscope to study its movement. The walls of the slime mold contract around the middle as the result of a chemical reaction. Some of the circles visible inside the slime mold are its nuclei.\" width=\"500\" height=\"280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researchers at the UC San Diego, put a piece of slime mold under a microscope to study its movement. The walls of the slime mold contract around the middle as the result of a chemical reaction. Some of the circles visible inside the slime mold are its nuclei. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the lab, del Álamo and his colleagues cut off small pieces of a bright yellow slime mold called \u003cem>Physarum polycephalum\u003c/em> and put them under a microscope. They watched each piece squeeze itself. This contraction is triggered by tiny calcium ions flowing inside it. The slime mold contracts its wall, then sloshes to move the calcium ions back so that they can trigger another contraction—at least that’s the researchers’ hypothesis. Under the microscope, the piece of slime mold looks like a pulsating water balloon. It contracts every minute or so and can glide over different surfaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s similar to what happens in our muscles when they contract,” said del Álamo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Believe it or not, slime molds and humans are both made up of similar proteins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Del Álamo doesn’t build robots, but his hope is that his team’s work on slime mold locomotion will inspire the creation of a kind of robotic goo that could squeeze into the narrowest parts of our body and help us stay healthy by say, unclogging our arteries or performing eye surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_635533\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/DL_307SlimeMolds_SLIME_MOLD_SPREADS_3_500.gif\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-635533\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-635533\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/DL_307SlimeMolds_SLIME_MOLD_SPREADS_3_500.gif\" alt=\"A slime mold pulsates on a log. \" width=\"500\" height=\"280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A slime mold pulsates on a log. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nothing like this exists yet, said del Álamo. But his research is part of a broad interest in “active soft matter”—the search of how to harness materials at the boundary of solid and fluid that can generate their own movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This isn’t going to happen next year,” laughed del Álamo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the time being, he’s having fun imagining a sci-fi blob that might one day replace today’s catheter in your heart or laser surgery on your eyes.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/635319/this-pulsating-slime-mold-comes-in-peace","authors":["6186"],"series":["science_1935"],"categories":["science_30","science_89","science_86"],"tags":["science_1970","science_388"],"featImg":"science_635322","label":"science_1935"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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