Why the Forest Service Is Working to Restore Meadows in the Sierra
What Are Those Weird, Pink Ponds in San Francisco Bay?
Would You Pay $12 a Year to Fight Sea Level Rise?
Bay Island Gets a Facelift With a Little Help From the Tides
Why California’s Largest Estuary No Longer Works for Wildlife
A Year After Rim Fire, Debate Sparks Over Replanting Trees
With Levee Breached, Tides Return to Novato Wetland; Watch Video
California Drought One More Setback for River That Runs Dry
Video: Before and After Views of Forest Burned by the Rim Fire
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Prior to joining KQED Science, Sarah worked in a brand new role as Digital Marketing Strategist at WPSU Penn State.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/085f65bb82616965f87e3d12f8550931?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"sarahkmohamad","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"about","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sarah Mohamad | KQED","description":"Engagement Producer and Reporter, KQED Science","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/085f65bb82616965f87e3d12f8550931?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/085f65bb82616965f87e3d12f8550931?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/smohamad"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"science_1984319":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1984319","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1984319","score":null,"sort":[1695380445000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"why-the-forest-service-is-working-to-restore-meadows-in-the-sierra","title":"Why the Forest Service Is Working to Restore Meadows in the Sierra","publishDate":1695380445,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Why the Forest Service Is Working to Restore Meadows in the Sierra | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>This story aired \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11960944/restoring-meadows-in-sierra-nevada-a-key-to-healthy-ecosystems\">on The California Report \u003c/a>— and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kvpr.org/local-news/2023-08-25/in-a-burn-scar-along-californias-sierra-nevada-green-glaciers-hold-a-key-to-forest-health\">originally aired on KVPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you think of a meadow, you might picture a field of flowers straight out of a postcard, no trees in sight. But meadows are also key to forest health. And in the Sierra Nevada, most of the meadows that play this role have been degraded or lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to restore these ecosystems, some groups say we must adopt the mindset of small creatures, like rodents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin Swift, owner of Swift Water Design, has dedicated his career to restoring meadows in the Sierra Nevada — specifically one a few miles above Shaver Lake called the Lower Grouse Meadow, which was severely affected by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11836958/california-sets-record-with-2m-acres-burned-so-far-this-year\">the 2020 Creek Fire\u003c/a>. As a result of the fire, that area is surrounded by barren hillsides and blackened, charred pine trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11644304,news_11933052 label='Fire Restoration in the Sierras']But here, in this meadow just above Shaver Lake, gravel and desiccated tree bark give way to tall grasses, purple wildflowers and buzzing pollinators. Like a strip of black-and-white film that’s been colorized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swift and his team managed to restore this meadow by building small dams along a stream — replicating what animals would have done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make dams, he says, think: “dirt lasagna.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a straightforward process involving layers of branches and mud, compacted together, mimicking what beavers have been doing for millions of years, Swift says. It’s also what indigenous people had been doing for centuries as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water is the beating heart of a meadow, and dams, whether built by beavers or humans, create mini wetlands. These wetlands slow erosion, support wildlife and serve as natural firebreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we want groundwater to rise up, we want surface water to spread out and we want the whole water to be backed up to create, we like to call them, ‘green glaciers,’” said Karen Pope, a research ecologist with the U.S. Forest Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pope was curious to know how many meadows there are in the Sierra. So she and other ecologists taught computers how to find them from satellite images. The algorithm uncovered thousands, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/psw/news/releases/machine-learning-promotes-meadow-restoration\">covering three times more land than previously known\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most are in bad shape — overgrown, obliterated by wildfire, or damaged due to mining and other industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“About 5% are actually functioning in any proper sustainable way, productive way. So clearly we have a large task ahead of us,” said Dean Gould, Sierra National Forest Supervisor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meadows, it turns out, have significant environmental value. They can help mitigate climate change, according to Pope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Recovering meadows sequester carbon, and they can sequester up to six times more than the surrounding forest,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meadows in the midsummer are also a critical habitat for endangered animals, like the Great Gray Owl and the Greater Sandhill Cranes, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fseprd591300.pdf\">the U.S. Forest Service (PDF)\u003c/a>. In the summer, healthy meadows are like natural sponges that soak up spring snowmelt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further, meadows hold cultural importance to indigenous communities and have served as gathering sites for thousands of Native Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Karen Pope, US Forest Service\"]‘I have to admit that this is the most exciting work I’ve ever done.’[/pullquote]Pope is optimistic about the restoration of the Sierran meadows. She recently co-founded a group called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.slobeaverbrigade.com/2022/05/16/california-process-based-restoration-network/\">California Process-Based Restoration Network\u003c/a> to promote this work, and many individuals have joined the cause. She believes that the small pilot meadow off Highway 168, where Swift has been working, exemplifies what’s achievable and how restoring meadows can benefit the entire Sierra region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have to admit that this is the most exciting work I’ve ever done. It absolutely makes me feel like I’m not just doing research but actually doing something to help,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swift’s work to restore the Lower Grouse Meadow was contracted by the U.S. Forest Service, underscoring its importance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s passionate about the work, even though witnessing so much degraded land can be emotionally taxing. “I tell everybody, if there’s another way you can make a living, do that, because this is hard on the soul,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, as he watches a tiny frog disappear into the stream, he adds, “Or it is until you see a meadow like this recover. Then it’s easy again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Meadows are more than just pretty places, they also contribute to the ecosystem — but many have been destroyed over the years.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704845896,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":761},"headData":{"title":"Why the Forest Service Is Working to Restore Meadows in the Sierra | KQED","description":"Meadows are more than just pretty places, they also contribute to the ecosystem — but many have been destroyed over the years.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1984319/why-the-forest-service-is-working-to-restore-meadows-in-the-sierra","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story aired \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11960944/restoring-meadows-in-sierra-nevada-a-key-to-healthy-ecosystems\">on The California Report \u003c/a>— and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kvpr.org/local-news/2023-08-25/in-a-burn-scar-along-californias-sierra-nevada-green-glaciers-hold-a-key-to-forest-health\">originally aired on KVPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you think of a meadow, you might picture a field of flowers straight out of a postcard, no trees in sight. But meadows are also key to forest health. And in the Sierra Nevada, most of the meadows that play this role have been degraded or lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to restore these ecosystems, some groups say we must adopt the mindset of small creatures, like rodents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin Swift, owner of Swift Water Design, has dedicated his career to restoring meadows in the Sierra Nevada — specifically one a few miles above Shaver Lake called the Lower Grouse Meadow, which was severely affected by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11836958/california-sets-record-with-2m-acres-burned-so-far-this-year\">the 2020 Creek Fire\u003c/a>. As a result of the fire, that area is surrounded by barren hillsides and blackened, charred pine trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11644304,news_11933052","label":"Fire Restoration in the Sierras "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But here, in this meadow just above Shaver Lake, gravel and desiccated tree bark give way to tall grasses, purple wildflowers and buzzing pollinators. Like a strip of black-and-white film that’s been colorized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swift and his team managed to restore this meadow by building small dams along a stream — replicating what animals would have done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make dams, he says, think: “dirt lasagna.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a straightforward process involving layers of branches and mud, compacted together, mimicking what beavers have been doing for millions of years, Swift says. It’s also what indigenous people had been doing for centuries as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water is the beating heart of a meadow, and dams, whether built by beavers or humans, create mini wetlands. These wetlands slow erosion, support wildlife and serve as natural firebreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we want groundwater to rise up, we want surface water to spread out and we want the whole water to be backed up to create, we like to call them, ‘green glaciers,’” said Karen Pope, a research ecologist with the U.S. Forest Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pope was curious to know how many meadows there are in the Sierra. So she and other ecologists taught computers how to find them from satellite images. The algorithm uncovered thousands, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/psw/news/releases/machine-learning-promotes-meadow-restoration\">covering three times more land than previously known\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most are in bad shape — overgrown, obliterated by wildfire, or damaged due to mining and other industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“About 5% are actually functioning in any proper sustainable way, productive way. So clearly we have a large task ahead of us,” said Dean Gould, Sierra National Forest Supervisor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meadows, it turns out, have significant environmental value. They can help mitigate climate change, according to Pope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Recovering meadows sequester carbon, and they can sequester up to six times more than the surrounding forest,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meadows in the midsummer are also a critical habitat for endangered animals, like the Great Gray Owl and the Greater Sandhill Cranes, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fseprd591300.pdf\">the U.S. Forest Service (PDF)\u003c/a>. In the summer, healthy meadows are like natural sponges that soak up spring snowmelt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further, meadows hold cultural importance to indigenous communities and have served as gathering sites for thousands of Native Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘I have to admit that this is the most exciting work I’ve ever done.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Karen Pope, US Forest Service","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Pope is optimistic about the restoration of the Sierran meadows. She recently co-founded a group called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.slobeaverbrigade.com/2022/05/16/california-process-based-restoration-network/\">California Process-Based Restoration Network\u003c/a> to promote this work, and many individuals have joined the cause. She believes that the small pilot meadow off Highway 168, where Swift has been working, exemplifies what’s achievable and how restoring meadows can benefit the entire Sierra region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have to admit that this is the most exciting work I’ve ever done. It absolutely makes me feel like I’m not just doing research but actually doing something to help,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swift’s work to restore the Lower Grouse Meadow was contracted by the U.S. Forest Service, underscoring its importance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s passionate about the work, even though witnessing so much degraded land can be emotionally taxing. “I tell everybody, if there’s another way you can make a living, do that, because this is hard on the soul,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, as he watches a tiny frog disappear into the stream, he adds, “Or it is until you see a meadow like this recover. Then it’s easy again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1984319/why-the-forest-service-is-working-to-restore-meadows-in-the-sierra","authors":["11631"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_670","science_109"],"featImg":"science_1984323","label":"science"},"science_1918301":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1918301","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1918301","score":null,"sort":[1513238497000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"what-are-those-weird-pink-ponds-in-san-francisco-bay","title":"What Are Those Weird, Pink Ponds in San Francisco Bay?","publishDate":1513238497,"format":"image","headTitle":"What Are Those Weird, Pink Ponds in San Francisco Bay? | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Passengers flying into Bay Area airports usually spot them out the window: huge, colorful ponds, hugging the shoreline of the bay. The patchwork of brown, green and pink looks like a bizarre quilt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re known as the “salt ponds,” and Bay Curious listener Ann Vercoutere has wondered about them since her childhood in the South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you’d drive by on the old Bayshore Freeway, you’d see these big piles of salt,” she says. “So, my question is: what’s the process of how they go from dirty bay water into salt that comes out white from my salt shaker?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>143 Billion Bowls of Popcorn\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Those giant piles of salt actually hold of piece of the Bay Area’s history going back to the Gold Rush and reflect the legacy of environmental change since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, they also hold a lot of seasoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The salt stack is 80 feet tall and about 800 feet wide,” says Maria Alizo-Martell of Cargill, Inc., standing next to the 500,000-ton pile. By rough estimate, it would season 143 billion bowls of popcorn, give or take, depending on how salty you like it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The piles are at Cargill’s Newark facility, where the final harvest takes place. But it begins in San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salty water from the bay is captured in vast ponds, where it starts to evaporate because of heat from the sun and drying by the wind. At first, the ponds are green or brownish in color, like the bay itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918307\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1918307 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/SP_V05_171212.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Animation shows the movement of reddish salt brine through Cargill’s Newark ponds over the course of 2017. \u003ccite>(Images provided by Planet)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As the salt water becomes more concentrated, it’s moved into other ponds where the color becomes more yellowish. Finally, in the last stage, the “pickle” brine, as it’s known, starts turning pink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We like pink,” says Alizo-Martell with a chuckle, walking across a shallow pond with an inch of pink water. It covers a thick layer of crusty salt and looks like a giant, raspberry snow cone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/bay-curious/2017/12/salt-ponds.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/3526386886_f2139fe9ab_o-e1513209482229.jpg\" Title=\"LISTEN: What Are Those Weird, Pink Ponds in San Francisco Bay?\" program=\"Bay Curious\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Don’t Call it a “Salt Pond”\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“This is what we call a crystallizer bed,” says Cargill’s Pat Mapelli. “This is very engineered, managed and manicured, where everything has been rolled, graded, sloped and compacted. Whereas a salt pond is essentially a diked off area that has been flooded with salt water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vibrant pink hue comes from a natural source: halobacterium and microscopic algae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the water gets saltier, some microbes can’t hack it and they die off. But others are specially adapted to salty conditions and they flourish, changing the color of the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918310\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918310\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salt-loving microbes color the water before harvest. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they get stressed as the salinity increases, they produce that red color,” says Alizo-Martell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The saltier the water, the redder the microbes get. That color aids in the salt-making process by absorbing sunlight and increasing evaporation. Clear water doesn’t absorb as much light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once several inches of salt form, Cargill begins the harvest, which lasts from September to December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just beautiful,” says Alizo-Martell, picking up a handful of the flaky, white cubes. “It’s so weather dependent. You had a bad year, you get not much salt.” A lot of rain slows down the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918312\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918312\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The massive salt stack in Newark holds 500,000 tons. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In all, it takes three years and a thousand gallons of bay water to produce just one pound of salt. From here, it goes to a refinery where it’s cleaned, sized and sold as sea salt, bearing the Morton’s or Diamond Crystal brand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only 3 percent of the salt ends up on our table. The rest supplies a huge range of industrial processes, from pharmaceuticals to food production, water treatment and road salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Gold Rush History\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Believe it or not, the Bay Area may not be what it is today without its salt. Harvesting salt from the Bay dates back to Native American groups like the Ohlone, but demand really picked up in the 1850s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As people migrated from the east to the west, mostly around the discovery of gold, there was a need for salt,” says Mapelli. “Everybody traveled with salt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without refrigeration, salt was how people preserved food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was almost worth its weight in gold,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salt-making boomed through the 1970s, when Cargill bought the operation. 44,000 acres of the bay were in production then, but today, it’s just 8,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because the market for salt shifted and so did our view of what San Francisco Bay should be. The salt ponds used to be marshes, which, around the time of the Gold Rush, were seen as wasteland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918311\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918311\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Only three percent ends up as table salt. The rest goes to industry. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There was an encouragement by both the state and federal government to put what they considered wasteland or swamp and overflow lands into economic use,” Mapelli says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the Bay has lost more than 80 percent of its marshes. So, in 2003, the federal and state governments bought thousands of acres of ponds from Cargill. In the biggest ecosystem restoration project on the West Coast, the ponds are being reconnected to the Bay and restored to their original status as marshlands to support wildlife and act as buffers against rising sea levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Bay Curious questioner Ann Vercoutere, the ponds are one of the few things that haven’t changed from her childhood in the South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she was a kid in Mountain View, “there were lots of orchards around,” she says. “Some of our summer jobs were going to work picking Italian prune plums with the migrant workers. Shoreline Amphitheater was the city dump. That was always a fun Saturday to go with our dad and pick through the dump and look for stuff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the salt ponds border some of the most expensive real estate in the nation, not far from gleaming tech campuses. The chances of starting a large, industrial salt-making operation in the Bay today are effectively zilch, for financial and environmental reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the long, colorful history, Cargill still holds rights to make salt, which really, is the only way salt-harvesting has stuck around amid the intense development pressure of the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The answer might be sitting on your kitchen table right now.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928268,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":33,"wordCount":1179},"headData":{"title":"What Are Those Weird, Pink Ponds in San Francisco Bay? | KQED","description":"The answer might be sitting on your kitchen table right now.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Bay Curious","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/12/WEBversionSaltPondswithfunder.mp3","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1918301/what-are-those-weird-pink-ponds-in-san-francisco-bay","audioDuration":475000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Passengers flying into Bay Area airports usually spot them out the window: huge, colorful ponds, hugging the shoreline of the bay. The patchwork of brown, green and pink looks like a bizarre quilt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re known as the “salt ponds,” and Bay Curious listener Ann Vercoutere has wondered about them since her childhood in the South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you’d drive by on the old Bayshore Freeway, you’d see these big piles of salt,” she says. “So, my question is: what’s the process of how they go from dirty bay water into salt that comes out white from my salt shaker?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>143 Billion Bowls of Popcorn\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Those giant piles of salt actually hold of piece of the Bay Area’s history going back to the Gold Rush and reflect the legacy of environmental change since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, they also hold a lot of seasoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The salt stack is 80 feet tall and about 800 feet wide,” says Maria Alizo-Martell of Cargill, Inc., standing next to the 500,000-ton pile. By rough estimate, it would season 143 billion bowls of popcorn, give or take, depending on how salty you like it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The piles are at Cargill’s Newark facility, where the final harvest takes place. But it begins in San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salty water from the bay is captured in vast ponds, where it starts to evaporate because of heat from the sun and drying by the wind. At first, the ponds are green or brownish in color, like the bay itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918307\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1918307 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/SP_V05_171212.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Animation shows the movement of reddish salt brine through Cargill’s Newark ponds over the course of 2017. \u003ccite>(Images provided by Planet)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As the salt water becomes more concentrated, it’s moved into other ponds where the color becomes more yellowish. Finally, in the last stage, the “pickle” brine, as it’s known, starts turning pink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We like pink,” says Alizo-Martell with a chuckle, walking across a shallow pond with an inch of pink water. It covers a thick layer of crusty salt and looks like a giant, raspberry snow cone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/bay-curious/2017/12/salt-ponds.mp3","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/3526386886_f2139fe9ab_o-e1513209482229.jpg","title":"LISTEN: What Are Those Weird, Pink Ponds in San Francisco Bay?","program":"Bay Curious","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Don’t Call it a “Salt Pond”\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“This is what we call a crystallizer bed,” says Cargill’s Pat Mapelli. “This is very engineered, managed and manicured, where everything has been rolled, graded, sloped and compacted. Whereas a salt pond is essentially a diked off area that has been flooded with salt water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vibrant pink hue comes from a natural source: halobacterium and microscopic algae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the water gets saltier, some microbes can’t hack it and they die off. But others are specially adapted to salty conditions and they flourish, changing the color of the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918310\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918310\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salt-loving microbes color the water before harvest. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they get stressed as the salinity increases, they produce that red color,” says Alizo-Martell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The saltier the water, the redder the microbes get. That color aids in the salt-making process by absorbing sunlight and increasing evaporation. Clear water doesn’t absorb as much light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once several inches of salt form, Cargill begins the harvest, which lasts from September to December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just beautiful,” says Alizo-Martell, picking up a handful of the flaky, white cubes. “It’s so weather dependent. You had a bad year, you get not much salt.” A lot of rain slows down the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918312\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918312\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The massive salt stack in Newark holds 500,000 tons. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In all, it takes three years and a thousand gallons of bay water to produce just one pound of salt. From here, it goes to a refinery where it’s cleaned, sized and sold as sea salt, bearing the Morton’s or Diamond Crystal brand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only 3 percent of the salt ends up on our table. The rest supplies a huge range of industrial processes, from pharmaceuticals to food production, water treatment and road salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Gold Rush History\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Believe it or not, the Bay Area may not be what it is today without its salt. Harvesting salt from the Bay dates back to Native American groups like the Ohlone, but demand really picked up in the 1850s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As people migrated from the east to the west, mostly around the discovery of gold, there was a need for salt,” says Mapelli. “Everybody traveled with salt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without refrigeration, salt was how people preserved food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was almost worth its weight in gold,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salt-making boomed through the 1970s, when Cargill bought the operation. 44,000 acres of the bay were in production then, but today, it’s just 8,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because the market for salt shifted and so did our view of what San Francisco Bay should be. The salt ponds used to be marshes, which, around the time of the Gold Rush, were seen as wasteland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918311\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918311\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Only three percent ends up as table salt. The rest goes to industry. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There was an encouragement by both the state and federal government to put what they considered wasteland or swamp and overflow lands into economic use,” Mapelli says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the Bay has lost more than 80 percent of its marshes. So, in 2003, the federal and state governments bought thousands of acres of ponds from Cargill. In the biggest ecosystem restoration project on the West Coast, the ponds are being reconnected to the Bay and restored to their original status as marshlands to support wildlife and act as buffers against rising sea levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Bay Curious questioner Ann Vercoutere, the ponds are one of the few things that haven’t changed from her childhood in the South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she was a kid in Mountain View, “there were lots of orchards around,” she says. “Some of our summer jobs were going to work picking Italian prune plums with the migrant workers. Shoreline Amphitheater was the city dump. That was always a fun Saturday to go with our dad and pick through the dump and look for stuff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the salt ponds border some of the most expensive real estate in the nation, not far from gleaming tech campuses. The chances of starting a large, industrial salt-making operation in the Bay today are effectively zilch, for financial and environmental reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the long, colorful history, Cargill still holds rights to make salt, which really, is the only way salt-harvesting has stuck around amid the intense development pressure of the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1918301/what-are-those-weird-pink-ponds-in-san-francisco-bay","authors":["239"],"categories":["science_89","science_35","science_40","science_43"],"tags":["science_3370","science_507","science_670","science_208"],"featImg":"science_1918302","label":"source_science_1918301"},"science_468856":{"type":"posts","id":"science_468856","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"468856","score":null,"sort":[1452724130000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"would-you-pay-12-a-year-to-fight-sea-level-rise","title":"Would You Pay $12 a Year to Fight Sea Level Rise?","publishDate":1452724130,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Would You Pay $12 a Year to Fight Sea Level Rise? | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Billions of dollars of infrastructure around San Francisco Bay are sitting in the path of rising sea levels, including homes, roads and tech company offices. And a coalition of environmental and business groups is hoping Bay Area residents will help pay to protect it.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Wetlands are like magic when it comes to protecting against floods.”\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>David Lewis, Save the Bay\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In June, residents in nine Bay Area counties will vote on a new $12 a year parcel tax, designed to raise hundreds of millions of dollars over the next two decades to restore wetlands and build levees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A specially-appointed council, the \u003ca href=\"http://sfbayrestore.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Bay Restoration Authority\u003c/a>, voted Wednesday to have the measure placed on the ballot in Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Solano, Sonoma and San Francisco counties. Each region of the bay would be guaranteed a certain amount of the funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wetlands are like magic when it comes to protecting against floods,” says David Lewis, executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.savesfbay.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Save the Bay\u003c/a>. “They can act like a sponge during times of high tides and floods and soak up extra water, instead of having that water pile up against communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say sea levels could rise up to two feet by 2050, inundating today’s shoreline. Add to that the flooding from a catastrophic storm, and the damage could cost the Bay Area more than $10 billion, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareacouncil.org/issues-initiatives/storm-flood-protection/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a report\u003c/a> from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareacouncil.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Area Council\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How much seas will rise by the end of the century depends partly on what we do to mitigate global warming; scientists say \u003ca href=\"http://www.adaptingtorisingtides.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/NAS_SLR_brief.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the range\u003c/a> is from 17 inches to 66 inches. Add to that a storm surge of more than three feet, and we could end up with waves crashing in 8 feet higher than they do today. This map showing what \u003ca href=\"http://sfpublicpress.org/news/searise/2015-07/as-science-gets-better-dramatic-sea-rise-seems-more-certain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">8 feet of sea level rise\u003c/a> would mean in Bay Area counties is from the \u003ca href=\"http://sfpublicpress.org/searise\">San Francisco Public Press’ 2015 summer cover story\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" allowfullscreen frameborder=\"0\" height=\"800\" mozallowfullscreen msallowfullscreen oallowfullscreen src=\"https://amandabee.cartodb.com/viz/00d63d00-3598-11e5-adac-0e018d66dc29/embed_map\" webkitallowfullscreen width=\"100%\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 90 percent of the wetlands around San Francisco Bay have been lost, with many diked off and filled in as communities around the bay expanded. About 30,000 acres are awaiting restoration, Lewis says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the South Bay, some 15,000 acres of former \u003ca href=\"http://www.southbayrestoration.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">are being restored\u003c/a>, but the project still needs millions more in funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a crucial time to start this work and raise the money that can restore marshes now,” says Lewis. “The longer we wait, the harder and more expensive it is to restore tidal marsh, once sea level starts increasing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to restoring wildlife habitat, wetlands and levees could protect important roads, highways, wastewater treatment plants and even tech companies. The headquarters of Facebook, Google, Cisco and more than a dozen others sit right on the bay’s edge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”Hv6icoIVCCvB24JQKHiyiQlcaMeByR0f”]“This concerns the health and welfare of the entire region,” says Mike Mielke of the\u003ca href=\"http://svlg.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Silicon Valley Leadership Group\u003c/a>. “It’s that simple.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the measure will have to make that case to the entire Bay Area, including residents who don’t live next to the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if your daily commute doesn’t take you near the water’s edge, if there’s a significant problem on the roadway because of flooding, that is going to impact you, because people are going to change the way they get to work and commute,” says Mielke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $500 million from the new parcel tax is only about a third of what’s needed to restore more than 30,000 acres around the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a good first step,” says Mielke. “We’re going to need money from the state and we’re going to need money from the federal government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parcel tax measure needs a two-thirds majority to pass, not within each county, but across all nine counties where residents will vote.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Voters in all Bay Area counties will be answering this question on the June ballot.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704930789,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://amandabee.cartodb.com/viz/00d63d00-3598-11e5-adac-0e018d66dc29/embed_map"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":676},"headData":{"title":"Would You Pay $12 a Year to Fight Sea Level Rise? | KQED","description":"Voters in all Bay Area counties will be answering this question on the June ballot.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/468856/would-you-pay-12-a-year-to-fight-sea-level-rise","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Billions of dollars of infrastructure around San Francisco Bay are sitting in the path of rising sea levels, including homes, roads and tech company offices. And a coalition of environmental and business groups is hoping Bay Area residents will help pay to protect it.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Wetlands are like magic when it comes to protecting against floods.”\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>David Lewis, Save the Bay\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In June, residents in nine Bay Area counties will vote on a new $12 a year parcel tax, designed to raise hundreds of millions of dollars over the next two decades to restore wetlands and build levees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A specially-appointed council, the \u003ca href=\"http://sfbayrestore.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Bay Restoration Authority\u003c/a>, voted Wednesday to have the measure placed on the ballot in Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Solano, Sonoma and San Francisco counties. Each region of the bay would be guaranteed a certain amount of the funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wetlands are like magic when it comes to protecting against floods,” says David Lewis, executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.savesfbay.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Save the Bay\u003c/a>. “They can act like a sponge during times of high tides and floods and soak up extra water, instead of having that water pile up against communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say sea levels could rise up to two feet by 2050, inundating today’s shoreline. Add to that the flooding from a catastrophic storm, and the damage could cost the Bay Area more than $10 billion, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareacouncil.org/issues-initiatives/storm-flood-protection/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a report\u003c/a> from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareacouncil.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Area Council\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How much seas will rise by the end of the century depends partly on what we do to mitigate global warming; scientists say \u003ca href=\"http://www.adaptingtorisingtides.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/NAS_SLR_brief.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the range\u003c/a> is from 17 inches to 66 inches. Add to that a storm surge of more than three feet, and we could end up with waves crashing in 8 feet higher than they do today. This map showing what \u003ca href=\"http://sfpublicpress.org/news/searise/2015-07/as-science-gets-better-dramatic-sea-rise-seems-more-certain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">8 feet of sea level rise\u003c/a> would mean in Bay Area counties is from the \u003ca href=\"http://sfpublicpress.org/searise\">San Francisco Public Press’ 2015 summer cover story\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" allowfullscreen frameborder=\"0\" height=\"800\" mozallowfullscreen msallowfullscreen oallowfullscreen src=\"https://amandabee.cartodb.com/viz/00d63d00-3598-11e5-adac-0e018d66dc29/embed_map\" webkitallowfullscreen width=\"100%\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 90 percent of the wetlands around San Francisco Bay have been lost, with many diked off and filled in as communities around the bay expanded. About 30,000 acres are awaiting restoration, Lewis says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the South Bay, some 15,000 acres of former \u003ca href=\"http://www.southbayrestoration.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">are being restored\u003c/a>, but the project still needs millions more in funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a crucial time to start this work and raise the money that can restore marshes now,” says Lewis. “The longer we wait, the harder and more expensive it is to restore tidal marsh, once sea level starts increasing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to restoring wildlife habitat, wetlands and levees could protect important roads, highways, wastewater treatment plants and even tech companies. The headquarters of Facebook, Google, Cisco and more than a dozen others sit right on the bay’s edge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“This concerns the health and welfare of the entire region,” says Mike Mielke of the\u003ca href=\"http://svlg.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Silicon Valley Leadership Group\u003c/a>. “It’s that simple.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the measure will have to make that case to the entire Bay Area, including residents who don’t live next to the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if your daily commute doesn’t take you near the water’s edge, if there’s a significant problem on the roadway because of flooding, that is going to impact you, because people are going to change the way they get to work and commute,” says Mielke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $500 million from the new parcel tax is only about a third of what’s needed to restore more than 30,000 acres around the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a good first step,” says Mielke. “We’re going to need money from the state and we’re going to need money from the federal government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parcel tax measure needs a two-thirds majority to pass, not within each county, but across all nine counties where residents will vote.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/468856/would-you-pay-12-a-year-to-fight-sea-level-rise","authors":["239"],"categories":["science_31","science_89","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_2828","science_2830","science_670","science_208","science_206","science_207"],"featImg":"science_470220","label":"science"},"science_63201":{"type":"posts","id":"science_63201","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"63201","score":null,"sort":[1435845649000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"bay-island-gets-a-facelift-with-a-little-help-from-the-tides","title":"Bay Island Gets a Facelift With a Little Help From the Tides","publishDate":1435845649,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Island Gets a Facelift With a Little Help From the Tides | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Sea level and boat traffic are both on the rise in San Francisco Bay, and they are making big waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, rougher water in the Bay doesn’t just make ferry rides more exciting. It also\u003ca href=\"http://www.livescience.com/26084-climate-change-to-claim-san-francisco-marshes.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> erodes our remaining tidal marshes\u003c/a>, and fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tidal marshes in the Bay Area are receding, sometimes as quickly as three feet each year. These wetlands provide important habitat for endangered plants and animals, and may also be\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2013/07/16/wetlands-horizontal-levees-sea-level-rise/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> key defenses against sea level rise\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We feed the beach the material it needs, and then [the ocean] moves it around to the right places.’\u003ccite> Ecologist Peter Baye\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Protecting the remaining undeveloped shoreline is a real challenge, but a team of ecologists and engineers in Marin County have tried a radical new strategy that seems to be working–they’ve engineered a beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.marincountyparks.org/depts/pk/our-work/parks-main-projects/aramburu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aramburu island\u003c/a> in Richardson Bay is a small man-made island built in the 1960s with waste materials from canal dredging and home development on nearby Strawberry Point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last 45 years, the eastern shore of the island has eroded over 130 feet. Further erosion of the island might expose many Mill Valley homes to waves crossing the Golden Gate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team sought to engineer a new beach on the east side of Aramburu that would mimic the gravel barriers that naturally fringe tidal marshes in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But rather than design the island to very precise specifications, the team wanted to build a more resilient beach that could stand up to natural processes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX60704375\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCX60704375\">“Self-assembly was really the construction premise: we feed the beach the material it needs, and then [the ocean] moves it around to the right places,” explained Peter Baye, \u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX174105577\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCX174105577\">an ecologist who co-led the project design, along with Marin county engineer Roger Leventhal\u003c/span>\u003c/span>.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63204\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-63204\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454-400x300.jpg\" alt=\"The team examines the eroded east side of Aramburu island, prior to the enhancement project.\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The team examines the eroded east side of Aramburu island, prior to the enhancement project. \u003ccite>(Peter Baye)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-image-10568399 size-thumbnail\">So, in the summer of 2011, they started cutting back the eroded, unstable slopes on the island’s east side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They built a ramp with gravel, sand, oyster shell hash,and eucalyptus logs, most of which were recycled waste from local sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The size and shape of these materials closely matched the Bay’s natural beaches, where c\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX60704375\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCX60704375\">oarser items like larger rocks and driftwood help trap finer sediments.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"size-medium wp-image-10568399\">They then let nature take its course to reshape the materials into complex beach features along the shoreline. They also removed the weeds that had overrun the island and replaced them with over 36,000 native, salt-tolerant plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four years later, the results have exceeded expectations. The rapid erosion of the east side of the island has stopped, and the Bay’s first engineered beach is holding up against winter storms and continual increases in waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New tidal marshes, meadows and salt flats have also burgeoned along the west side of the island, and this new habitat has attracted huge numbers of birds. Since 2011, the number of birds observed on the island has nearly doubled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63206\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/BLOYchicks.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-63206\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/BLOYchicks-400x268.jpg\" alt=\"Black Oyster Catcher chicks hatched on Aramburu Island, June 2014.\" width=\"400\" height=\"268\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/BLOYchicks-400x268.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/BLOYchicks-800x536.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/BLOYchicks-1440x965.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/BLOYchicks-1180x791.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/BLOYchicks-960x643.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Black Oyster Catcher chicks hatched on Aramburu Island, June 2014. \u003ccite>(Kerry Wilcox / Audubon CA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX14684207\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCX14684207\">“It’s created beautiful new beaches, which are perfect habitat for resting shorebirds and \u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX14684207\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"SpellingError SCX14684207\">waterbirds,” says Kerry Wilcox, the \u003c/span>\u003c/span>Waterbird Program Manager at the \u003ca href=\"http://richardsonbay.audubon.org/aramburu-island\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Richardson Bay Audubon Society\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In fact, w\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX14684207\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCX14684207\">e’ve even seen successful nesting of black oyster catchers for the first time ever, as far as we know, in this part of the bay.”\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX221449534\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"size-medium wp-image-10568382\"> “It’s a little out of the box,” says \u003ca href=\"http://biology.sfsu.edu/people/katharyn-boyer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Katharyn Boyer\u003c/a>, a biology professor at San Francisco State University, who was not involved in the project design. \u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX221449534\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"size-medium wp-image-10568382\">“A lot of people like me are really watching closely to see how this goes,” she adds, “but I think it’s proving to be an excellent model for the future.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Engineers feed logs and rocks to an eroded beach to restore tidal marshes and create wetland habitat.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704931625,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":652},"headData":{"title":"Bay Island Gets a Facelift With a Little Help From the Tides | KQED","description":"Engineers feed logs and rocks to an eroded beach to restore tidal marshes and create wetland habitat.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/63201/bay-island-gets-a-facelift-with-a-little-help-from-the-tides","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Sea level and boat traffic are both on the rise in San Francisco Bay, and they are making big waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, rougher water in the Bay doesn’t just make ferry rides more exciting. It also\u003ca href=\"http://www.livescience.com/26084-climate-change-to-claim-san-francisco-marshes.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> erodes our remaining tidal marshes\u003c/a>, and fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tidal marshes in the Bay Area are receding, sometimes as quickly as three feet each year. These wetlands provide important habitat for endangered plants and animals, and may also be\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2013/07/16/wetlands-horizontal-levees-sea-level-rise/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> key defenses against sea level rise\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We feed the beach the material it needs, and then [the ocean] moves it around to the right places.’\u003ccite> Ecologist Peter Baye\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Protecting the remaining undeveloped shoreline is a real challenge, but a team of ecologists and engineers in Marin County have tried a radical new strategy that seems to be working–they’ve engineered a beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.marincountyparks.org/depts/pk/our-work/parks-main-projects/aramburu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aramburu island\u003c/a> in Richardson Bay is a small man-made island built in the 1960s with waste materials from canal dredging and home development on nearby Strawberry Point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last 45 years, the eastern shore of the island has eroded over 130 feet. Further erosion of the island might expose many Mill Valley homes to waves crossing the Golden Gate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team sought to engineer a new beach on the east side of Aramburu that would mimic the gravel barriers that naturally fringe tidal marshes in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But rather than design the island to very precise specifications, the team wanted to build a more resilient beach that could stand up to natural processes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX60704375\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCX60704375\">“Self-assembly was really the construction premise: we feed the beach the material it needs, and then [the ocean] moves it around to the right places,” explained Peter Baye, \u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX174105577\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCX174105577\">an ecologist who co-led the project design, along with Marin county engineer Roger Leventhal\u003c/span>\u003c/span>.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63204\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-63204\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454-400x300.jpg\" alt=\"The team examines the eroded east side of Aramburu island, prior to the enhancement project.\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The team examines the eroded east side of Aramburu island, prior to the enhancement project. \u003ccite>(Peter Baye)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-image-10568399 size-thumbnail\">So, in the summer of 2011, they started cutting back the eroded, unstable slopes on the island’s east side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They built a ramp with gravel, sand, oyster shell hash,and eucalyptus logs, most of which were recycled waste from local sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The size and shape of these materials closely matched the Bay’s natural beaches, where c\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX60704375\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCX60704375\">oarser items like larger rocks and driftwood help trap finer sediments.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"size-medium wp-image-10568399\">They then let nature take its course to reshape the materials into complex beach features along the shoreline. They also removed the weeds that had overrun the island and replaced them with over 36,000 native, salt-tolerant plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four years later, the results have exceeded expectations. The rapid erosion of the east side of the island has stopped, and the Bay’s first engineered beach is holding up against winter storms and continual increases in waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New tidal marshes, meadows and salt flats have also burgeoned along the west side of the island, and this new habitat has attracted huge numbers of birds. Since 2011, the number of birds observed on the island has nearly doubled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63206\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/BLOYchicks.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-63206\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/BLOYchicks-400x268.jpg\" alt=\"Black Oyster Catcher chicks hatched on Aramburu Island, June 2014.\" width=\"400\" height=\"268\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/BLOYchicks-400x268.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/BLOYchicks-800x536.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/BLOYchicks-1440x965.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/BLOYchicks-1180x791.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/BLOYchicks-960x643.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Black Oyster Catcher chicks hatched on Aramburu Island, June 2014. \u003ccite>(Kerry Wilcox / Audubon CA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX14684207\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCX14684207\">“It’s created beautiful new beaches, which are perfect habitat for resting shorebirds and \u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX14684207\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"SpellingError SCX14684207\">waterbirds,” says Kerry Wilcox, the \u003c/span>\u003c/span>Waterbird Program Manager at the \u003ca href=\"http://richardsonbay.audubon.org/aramburu-island\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Richardson Bay Audubon Society\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In fact, w\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX14684207\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCX14684207\">e’ve even seen successful nesting of black oyster catchers for the first time ever, as far as we know, in this part of the bay.”\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX221449534\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"size-medium wp-image-10568382\"> “It’s a little out of the box,” says \u003ca href=\"http://biology.sfsu.edu/people/katharyn-boyer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Katharyn Boyer\u003c/a>, a biology professor at San Francisco State University, who was not involved in the project design. \u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX221449534\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"size-medium wp-image-10568382\">“A lot of people like me are really watching closely to see how this goes,” she adds, “but I think it’s proving to be an excellent model for the future.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/63201/bay-island-gets-a-facelift-with-a-little-help-from-the-tides","authors":["8639"],"categories":["science_30","science_89","science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_1602","science_163","science_670","science_206"],"featImg":"science_63205","label":"science"},"science_23127":{"type":"posts","id":"science_23127","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"23127","score":null,"sort":[1414652508000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"why-californias-largest-estuary-no-longer-works-for-wildlife","title":"Why California’s Largest Estuary No Longer Works for Wildlife","publishDate":1414652508,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Why California’s Largest Estuary No Longer Works for Wildlife | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1151,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23139\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/Delta-aerial.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-23139\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/Delta-aerial.jpg\" alt=\"The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta has been almost completely transformed over the past 150 years. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta has been almost completely transformed over 150 years. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s historic drought has put the state’s water problems in the forefront this year and those problems aren’t likely to be solved when the clouds open up again. Nowhere is that more apparent than in the water system’s central hub — \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/ca-delta/\">the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Delta is the flashpoint for the state’s water politics. For decades, its ecosystem has been in ecological free fall, prompting fierce battles over how much water should be left in the environment, and how much pumped to farms and cities hundreds of miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a \u003ca href=\"http://ebooks.sfei.org/DeltaLandscapes/#page/1\">new report\u003c/a> from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/\">San Francisco Estuary Institute\u003c/a> documents why the Delta’s ecosystem is failing for many of its endangered species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings could inform efforts to restore the estuary, which some argue would make the water supply more reliable for the entire state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s guidance for what would make a healthy ecosystem –- the missing elements,” says Robin Grossinger, who worked on the report at the San Francisco Estuary Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Historical Reconstruction\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using historical maps and records, Grossinger and colleagues \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">pieced together a landscape\u003c/a> that’s been almost completely transformed over 150 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘It’s really shocking when you look at it at this level.’\u003ccite>— Robin Grossinger, San Francisco Estuary Institute\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The Delta was once a network of marshes and water, supporting birds, wildlife and one of the largest Chinook salmon runs on the West Coast. After the Gold Rush, settlers diked channels and waterways, creating islands of dry land protected by levees. About 97 percent of the marshland was lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta is also the hub of the state’s water supply, because it’s where major rivers converge, carrying 50 percent of the state’s runoff. Early water engineers built a network of canals and pumps to tap into the supply and today, the water is delivered all the way to San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Building on a \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">2012 report\u003c/a> that detailed what the physical landscape once looked like, San Francisco Estuary Institute researchers mapped how the historical ecosystem once worked, including how water flowed and how species interacted with the landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really shocking when you look at it at this level,” Grossinger says. “Most of the functions we’ve looked at are tremendously diminished. Some to 99 percent –- that’s the extent of the transformation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Watery World\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The boundary between water and land was continually in flux in the historical Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23128\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/DeltaWater2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23128\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/DeltaWater2.jpg\" alt=\"Source: San Francisco Estuary Institute.\" width=\"640\" height=\"536\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Courtesy of San Francisco Estuary Institute)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tides would arrive twice daily from San Francisco Bay, spreading through a network of tidal channels that looked much like capillaries. Other land would flood seasonally, as snowmelt caused the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers to overflow their banks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a massive expansion of habitat as the water moved across the landscape,” Grossinger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seasonal flooding was key for Chinook salmon. Young salmon would find food and refuge in the floodplains, as they migrated out to the ocean. Millions of birds, migrating on the Pacific Flyway, would use the vast wetlands as they traveled through. Today, the connection between land and water has been largely severed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>High Quality Marsh Habitat\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With most of the Delta’s marshes gone, scientists have few places to look to as models for habitat restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23132\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/DeltaMarsh3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23132\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/DeltaMarsh3.jpg\" alt=\"Source: San Francisco Estuary Institute\" width=\"640\" height=\"534\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Courtesy of San Francisco Estuary Institute)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There’s little you can study that looks or functions like it used to,” Grossinger says. “That’s the difference with San Francisco Bay. There were a few remnants of marsh leftover there to use as a reference.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The function part is the missing link,” says Carl Wilcox of California’s Department of Fish and Wildlife, an agency involved in species restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report outlines three key ingredients for creating marshes that could support birds and wildlife; marshes must be large, broad rather than narrow and neighbor other marshes of different sizes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the little marshland that exists in the Delta today, only 11 percent meets those conditions. The two largest marshes in today’s Delta were created accidentally. Sherman Island was flooded when its levees failed in the early 1900s, and aquatic plants have grown in since. The Liberty Island marsh was created after a levee failed in 1998 and the land was abandoned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ambitious Restoration Plans\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings of the report could inform a major restoration effort that’s proposed for the Delta, part of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/money-environmental-concerns-could-sink-governors-delta-water-plan/\">Governor Brown’s plan to built two massive water tunnels\u003c/a>. The Brown administration says the project is crucial to maintaining a reliable water supply for two-thirds of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tunnels would divert freshwater from the Delta, potentially harming some endangered fish species like salmon and Delta smelt, depending on the water conditions. The state is counting on 30,000 acres of marsh restoration help endangered species and offset those harms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How and where to do the restoration is still a matter of debate, both for scientists skeptical of the extent of the wildlife benefits and Delta residents who farm or live in the area. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://sfei.maps.arcgis.com/apps/StorytellingSwipe/index.html?appid=f6e50119057f44188191ed478e9649b5\" width=\"640\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Startling maps in a new report on the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta show the dramatic loss of marshlands that once supported a vast array of wildlife.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704932693,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://sfei.maps.arcgis.com/apps/StorytellingSwipe/index.html"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":894},"headData":{"title":"Why California’s Largest Estuary No Longer Works for Wildlife | KQED","description":"Startling maps in a new report on the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta show the dramatic loss of marshlands that once supported a vast array of wildlife.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/23127/why-californias-largest-estuary-no-longer-works-for-wildlife","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23139\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/Delta-aerial.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-23139\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/Delta-aerial.jpg\" alt=\"The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta has been almost completely transformed over the past 150 years. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta has been almost completely transformed over 150 years. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s historic drought has put the state’s water problems in the forefront this year and those problems aren’t likely to be solved when the clouds open up again. Nowhere is that more apparent than in the water system’s central hub — \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/ca-delta/\">the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Delta is the flashpoint for the state’s water politics. For decades, its ecosystem has been in ecological free fall, prompting fierce battles over how much water should be left in the environment, and how much pumped to farms and cities hundreds of miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a \u003ca href=\"http://ebooks.sfei.org/DeltaLandscapes/#page/1\">new report\u003c/a> from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/\">San Francisco Estuary Institute\u003c/a> documents why the Delta’s ecosystem is failing for many of its endangered species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings could inform efforts to restore the estuary, which some argue would make the water supply more reliable for the entire state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s guidance for what would make a healthy ecosystem –- the missing elements,” says Robin Grossinger, who worked on the report at the San Francisco Estuary Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Historical Reconstruction\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using historical maps and records, Grossinger and colleagues \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">pieced together a landscape\u003c/a> that’s been almost completely transformed over 150 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘It’s really shocking when you look at it at this level.’\u003ccite>— Robin Grossinger, San Francisco Estuary Institute\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The Delta was once a network of marshes and water, supporting birds, wildlife and one of the largest Chinook salmon runs on the West Coast. After the Gold Rush, settlers diked channels and waterways, creating islands of dry land protected by levees. About 97 percent of the marshland was lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta is also the hub of the state’s water supply, because it’s where major rivers converge, carrying 50 percent of the state’s runoff. Early water engineers built a network of canals and pumps to tap into the supply and today, the water is delivered all the way to San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Building on a \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">2012 report\u003c/a> that detailed what the physical landscape once looked like, San Francisco Estuary Institute researchers mapped how the historical ecosystem once worked, including how water flowed and how species interacted with the landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really shocking when you look at it at this level,” Grossinger says. “Most of the functions we’ve looked at are tremendously diminished. Some to 99 percent –- that’s the extent of the transformation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Watery World\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The boundary between water and land was continually in flux in the historical Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23128\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/DeltaWater2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23128\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/DeltaWater2.jpg\" alt=\"Source: San Francisco Estuary Institute.\" width=\"640\" height=\"536\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Courtesy of San Francisco Estuary Institute)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tides would arrive twice daily from San Francisco Bay, spreading through a network of tidal channels that looked much like capillaries. Other land would flood seasonally, as snowmelt caused the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers to overflow their banks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a massive expansion of habitat as the water moved across the landscape,” Grossinger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seasonal flooding was key for Chinook salmon. Young salmon would find food and refuge in the floodplains, as they migrated out to the ocean. Millions of birds, migrating on the Pacific Flyway, would use the vast wetlands as they traveled through. Today, the connection between land and water has been largely severed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>High Quality Marsh Habitat\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With most of the Delta’s marshes gone, scientists have few places to look to as models for habitat restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23132\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/DeltaMarsh3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23132\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/DeltaMarsh3.jpg\" alt=\"Source: San Francisco Estuary Institute\" width=\"640\" height=\"534\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Courtesy of San Francisco Estuary Institute)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There’s little you can study that looks or functions like it used to,” Grossinger says. “That’s the difference with San Francisco Bay. There were a few remnants of marsh leftover there to use as a reference.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The function part is the missing link,” says Carl Wilcox of California’s Department of Fish and Wildlife, an agency involved in species restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report outlines three key ingredients for creating marshes that could support birds and wildlife; marshes must be large, broad rather than narrow and neighbor other marshes of different sizes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the little marshland that exists in the Delta today, only 11 percent meets those conditions. The two largest marshes in today’s Delta were created accidentally. Sherman Island was flooded when its levees failed in the early 1900s, and aquatic plants have grown in since. The Liberty Island marsh was created after a levee failed in 1998 and the land was abandoned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ambitious Restoration Plans\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings of the report could inform a major restoration effort that’s proposed for the Delta, part of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/money-environmental-concerns-could-sink-governors-delta-water-plan/\">Governor Brown’s plan to built two massive water tunnels\u003c/a>. The Brown administration says the project is crucial to maintaining a reliable water supply for two-thirds of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tunnels would divert freshwater from the Delta, potentially harming some endangered fish species like salmon and Delta smelt, depending on the water conditions. The state is counting on 30,000 acres of marsh restoration help endangered species and offset those harms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How and where to do the restoration is still a matter of debate, both for scientists skeptical of the extent of the wildlife benefits and Delta residents who farm or live in the area. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://sfei.maps.arcgis.com/apps/StorytellingSwipe/index.html?appid=f6e50119057f44188191ed478e9649b5\" width=\"640\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/23127/why-californias-largest-estuary-no-longer-works-for-wildlife","authors":["239"],"series":["science_87","science_1151"],"categories":["science_30","science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_202","science_572","science_261","science_64","science_670","science_1214","science_247","science_201","science_207"],"featImg":"science_23139","label":"science_1151"},"science_20636":{"type":"posts","id":"science_20636","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"20636","score":null,"sort":[1408345314000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-year-after-rim-fire-debate-sparks-over-replanting-trees","title":"A Year After Rim Fire, Debate Sparks Over Replanting Trees","publishDate":1408345314,"format":"aside","headTitle":"A Year After Rim Fire, Debate Sparks Over Replanting Trees | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/08/20140818science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20640\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/seedling.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/seedling.jpg\" alt=\"A pine tree seedling emerges in a burned area of the Stanislaus National Forest. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pine tree seedling emerges in a burned area of the Stanislaus National Forest. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One year after the record-breaking Rim Fire began in the Sierra Nevada, signs of recovery are appearing. Green ferns and small seedlings dot the forest floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with a full recovery expected to take a century or more, forest officials are working on plans to speed it along by planting new trees. Reforestation is common after large fires in the West, but some scientists say it’s time to rethink how forests are replanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Rim Fire is the largest wildfire ever recorded in the Sierra Nevada. Fed by high winds and bone-dry conditions, it consumed 257,000 acres – an area nine times the size of San Francisco. A hunter recently pleaded not guilty to charges that he started it with an illegal campfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of acres were severely burned, with trees and vegetation wiped out in about 40 percent of the burned area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The trees in this area have definitely torched out,” says Eric Knapp, a research ecologist with the Forest Service, walking around a burned patch of the Stanislaus National Forest. “You can see the bark char going pretty much all the way up the tree.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/imageslider/rimfireslideshow.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"445\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shrubs and ferns have been able to come back quickly in many places, thanks in part to California’s historic drought. Without big winter storms to create soil erosion, plants were able to take hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s remarkable even in one year what can come back,” Knapp says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pine tree seedlings are harder to find. Knapp finally spots a three-inch pine tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The seed source is probably…” he says, looking around for where it came from. “There was green forest over there at least a hundred yards away. But nice thing about these pine seedlings is the seeds have these little wings on them so they get up into the wind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s how this kind of mixed-conifer forest regrows in the Sierra Nevada, he says. Green trees on the edges of a burn send their seeds into dead areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the plants and trees can recolonize from the edge, but if your edge is too far away, that becomes more challenging,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the problem in the Rim Fire, he says. There are huge patches of dead trees and seeds can only travel so far, either by the wind or animals. The largest dead patch is more than 60,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20667\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20667 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Rimfiregraphic-e1408148390108.jpeg\" alt=\"(David Pierce/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"816\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(David Pierce/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We estimate it could take centuries – a couple centuries – to really get that back in because there’s no seed source,” says the Forest Service’s Maria Benech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Forest Service is working on a Rim Fire recovery plan that includes reforestation, which could begin in a year and half.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s all done by hand, so it’s all hand-planted,” she says. “Just little tiny guys that are four, five inches tall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seedlings are usually planted densely, 10 feet apart. Reforestation has been done this way in the West for decades, but planting trees in the Sierra Nevada is no guarantee of success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After fires in 1987, the Forest Service replanted some of the forest, in what’s known as the “Penny Pines” tree plantation. A good part of the plantation was killed by the Rim Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These were fairly young, 20-25 year old stands,” Benech says. “They had branching all the way to the ground – a lot of interlocking branches.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire moved easily through the dense foliage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have criticized how close we planted trees,” she says. “But the idea all along was to come in, year seven, year ten, and thin those out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20689\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/DSC01475.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/DSC01475.jpg\" alt=\"Ferns and brush return to the forest floor in the Stanislaus National Forest. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"380\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20689\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ferns and brush return to the forest floor in the Stanislaus National Forest. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But it takes funding to selectively cut trees and create spaces in the forest. The Forest Service had made plans to do it, but hadn’t gotten the resources yet. Without that, the replanted trees went from restoration to liability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Plantations are really prone to burning up,” says Malcolm North, a research scientist with the Forest Service and an affiliate professor at UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North says there may be a better way to replant trees after wildfires. Researchers have learned a lot about how Sierra Nevada forests once looked, before Smokey Bear and decades of fire suppression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we now know is that we eventually want to produce trees that have kind of a clumped and open – a group-y, gap-y type structure,” he says. “That’s the pattern we find time and time again in these forests.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trees could be planted in a way that mimics that natural pattern – in clumps instead of rows. That could make them more resilient to future fires, North says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of scientists and environmental groups has been meeting to work on that idea. There’s still a lot to learn about how do that type of restoration. But that’s the silver lining of the Rim Fire, North says. With such a high profile fire comes the opportunity to learn from it.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Reforestation is common after large fires in the West, but some scientists say it’s time to rethink how forests are replanted.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704933129,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://projects1.kqed.org/imageslider/rimfireslideshow.html"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":923},"headData":{"title":"A Year After Rim Fire, Debate Sparks Over Replanting Trees | KQED","description":"Reforestation is common after large fires in the West, but some scientists say it’s time to rethink how forests are replanted.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/08/20140818science.mp3","sticky":false,"path":"/science/20636/a-year-after-rim-fire-debate-sparks-over-replanting-trees","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/08/20140818science.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20640\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/seedling.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/seedling.jpg\" alt=\"A pine tree seedling emerges in a burned area of the Stanislaus National Forest. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pine tree seedling emerges in a burned area of the Stanislaus National Forest. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One year after the record-breaking Rim Fire began in the Sierra Nevada, signs of recovery are appearing. Green ferns and small seedlings dot the forest floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with a full recovery expected to take a century or more, forest officials are working on plans to speed it along by planting new trees. Reforestation is common after large fires in the West, but some scientists say it’s time to rethink how forests are replanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Rim Fire is the largest wildfire ever recorded in the Sierra Nevada. Fed by high winds and bone-dry conditions, it consumed 257,000 acres – an area nine times the size of San Francisco. A hunter recently pleaded not guilty to charges that he started it with an illegal campfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of acres were severely burned, with trees and vegetation wiped out in about 40 percent of the burned area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The trees in this area have definitely torched out,” says Eric Knapp, a research ecologist with the Forest Service, walking around a burned patch of the Stanislaus National Forest. “You can see the bark char going pretty much all the way up the tree.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/imageslider/rimfireslideshow.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"445\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shrubs and ferns have been able to come back quickly in many places, thanks in part to California’s historic drought. Without big winter storms to create soil erosion, plants were able to take hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s remarkable even in one year what can come back,” Knapp says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pine tree seedlings are harder to find. Knapp finally spots a three-inch pine tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The seed source is probably…” he says, looking around for where it came from. “There was green forest over there at least a hundred yards away. But nice thing about these pine seedlings is the seeds have these little wings on them so they get up into the wind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s how this kind of mixed-conifer forest regrows in the Sierra Nevada, he says. Green trees on the edges of a burn send their seeds into dead areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the plants and trees can recolonize from the edge, but if your edge is too far away, that becomes more challenging,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the problem in the Rim Fire, he says. There are huge patches of dead trees and seeds can only travel so far, either by the wind or animals. The largest dead patch is more than 60,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20667\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20667 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Rimfiregraphic-e1408148390108.jpeg\" alt=\"(David Pierce/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"816\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(David Pierce/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We estimate it could take centuries – a couple centuries – to really get that back in because there’s no seed source,” says the Forest Service’s Maria Benech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Forest Service is working on a Rim Fire recovery plan that includes reforestation, which could begin in a year and half.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s all done by hand, so it’s all hand-planted,” she says. “Just little tiny guys that are four, five inches tall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seedlings are usually planted densely, 10 feet apart. Reforestation has been done this way in the West for decades, but planting trees in the Sierra Nevada is no guarantee of success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After fires in 1987, the Forest Service replanted some of the forest, in what’s known as the “Penny Pines” tree plantation. A good part of the plantation was killed by the Rim Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These were fairly young, 20-25 year old stands,” Benech says. “They had branching all the way to the ground – a lot of interlocking branches.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire moved easily through the dense foliage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have criticized how close we planted trees,” she says. “But the idea all along was to come in, year seven, year ten, and thin those out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20689\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/DSC01475.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/DSC01475.jpg\" alt=\"Ferns and brush return to the forest floor in the Stanislaus National Forest. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"380\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20689\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ferns and brush return to the forest floor in the Stanislaus National Forest. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But it takes funding to selectively cut trees and create spaces in the forest. The Forest Service had made plans to do it, but hadn’t gotten the resources yet. Without that, the replanted trees went from restoration to liability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Plantations are really prone to burning up,” says Malcolm North, a research scientist with the Forest Service and an affiliate professor at UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North says there may be a better way to replant trees after wildfires. Researchers have learned a lot about how Sierra Nevada forests once looked, before Smokey Bear and decades of fire suppression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we now know is that we eventually want to produce trees that have kind of a clumped and open – a group-y, gap-y type structure,” he says. “That’s the pattern we find time and time again in these forests.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trees could be planted in a way that mimics that natural pattern – in clumps instead of rows. That could make them more resilient to future fires, North says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of scientists and environmental groups has been meeting to work on that idea. There’s still a lot to learn about how do that type of restoration. But that’s the silver lining of the Rim Fire, North says. With such a high profile fire comes the opportunity to learn from it.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/20636/a-year-after-rim-fire-debate-sparks-over-replanting-trees","authors":["239"],"categories":["science_46","science_35","science_40","science_43"],"tags":["science_762","science_763","science_64","science_670","science_607","science_787","science_113"],"featImg":"science_20641","label":"science"},"science_16963":{"type":"posts","id":"science_16963","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"16963","score":null,"sort":[1398473158000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"with-levee-breached-tides-return-to-novato-wetland-watch-video","title":"With Levee Breached, Tides Return to Novato Wetland; Watch Video","publishDate":1398473158,"format":"aside","headTitle":"With Levee Breached, Tides Return to Novato Wetland; Watch Video | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>For more than two decades, environmental groups and numerous agencies have worked to restore the wetlands at the former Hamilton Army Airfield. On Friday, the project achieved a significant milestone. Officials removed the old salt levee in San Pablo Bay and allowed the tidal waters to flow into the newly restored salt marshes of Novato.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check out the video, supplied by the California State Coastal Conservancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dqzEQ0LBhKo?rel=0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cbr>\n“It’s been a big project, lots of construction, lots of work. So we’re celebrating that,” said Tom Gandesbery the project manager with the Coastal Conservancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he’s looking forward to the return of several species that were close to the brink of extinction, and to new access to the area. The public will be able to enjoy the open space on the new 2.6 mile Bay Trail now that the wetlands are officially open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel great about getting this part done and especially about having the trail open so the public can come and see it,” said Gandesbery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinij.com/novato/ci_25240477/novato-marshland-at-hamilton-field-comes-back-life\">Marin Independent Journal describes\u003c/a> what was once lost and what visitors will soon be able to see:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The habitat for legions of fish, the California clapper rail, the salt marsh harvest mouse, chinook salmon, snowy egrets and great blue herons were lost when this and other North Bay wetlands were diked and dried more than a century ago. The restoration project will give them a chance to flourish here again.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Check out the \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinij.com/novato/ci_25240477/novato-marshland-at-hamilton-field-comes-back-life\">full article\u003c/a> for more on the history of the area and the struggle to get it restored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, efforts are underway to restore more than 26,000 of wetlands in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"For more than two decades, environmental groups and numerous agencies have worked to restore the wetlands at the former Hamilton Army Airfield. On Friday, the project achieved a significant milestone.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704933764,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":297},"headData":{"title":"With Levee Breached, Tides Return to Novato Wetland; Watch Video | KQED","description":"For more than two decades, environmental groups and numerous agencies have worked to restore the wetlands at the former Hamilton Army Airfield. On Friday, the project achieved a significant milestone.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/16963/with-levee-breached-tides-return-to-novato-wetland-watch-video","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For more than two decades, environmental groups and numerous agencies have worked to restore the wetlands at the former Hamilton Army Airfield. On Friday, the project achieved a significant milestone. Officials removed the old salt levee in San Pablo Bay and allowed the tidal waters to flow into the newly restored salt marshes of Novato.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check out the video, supplied by the California State Coastal Conservancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dqzEQ0LBhKo?rel=0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cbr>\n“It’s been a big project, lots of construction, lots of work. So we’re celebrating that,” said Tom Gandesbery the project manager with the Coastal Conservancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he’s looking forward to the return of several species that were close to the brink of extinction, and to new access to the area. The public will be able to enjoy the open space on the new 2.6 mile Bay Trail now that the wetlands are officially open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel great about getting this part done and especially about having the trail open so the public can come and see it,” said Gandesbery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinij.com/novato/ci_25240477/novato-marshland-at-hamilton-field-comes-back-life\">Marin Independent Journal describes\u003c/a> what was once lost and what visitors will soon be able to see:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The habitat for legions of fish, the California clapper rail, the salt marsh harvest mouse, chinook salmon, snowy egrets and great blue herons were lost when this and other North Bay wetlands were diked and dried more than a century ago. The restoration project will give them a chance to flourish here again.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Check out the \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinij.com/novato/ci_25240477/novato-marshland-at-hamilton-field-comes-back-life\">full article\u003c/a> for more on the history of the area and the struggle to get it restored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, efforts are underway to restore more than 26,000 of wetlands in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/16963/with-levee-breached-tides-return-to-novato-wetland-watch-video","authors":["6538"],"categories":["science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_670","science_207"],"featImg":"science_17013","label":"science"},"science_14542":{"type":"posts","id":"science_14542","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"14542","score":null,"sort":[1393252235000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-drought-one-more-setback-for-river-that-runs-dry","title":"California Drought One More Setback for River That Runs Dry","publishDate":1393252235,"format":"aside","headTitle":"California Drought One More Setback for River That Runs Dry | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1151,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/02/20140224science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14545\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/DSC01081-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-14545\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/DSC01081-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Charles Hueth holds up a tagged Chinook salmon for a photograph before it's released into the San Joaquin River. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charles Hueth holds up a tagged Chinook salmon for a photo before releasing it into the San Joaquin River. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s historic drought means tight water supplies for everyone this year. It’s putting environmental restoration projects in the spotlight, especially the effort to bring salmon back to the state’s second longest river, the San Joaquin River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican House Speaker John Boehner singled out the project when he visited California last month. The House \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/02/03/brown-blasts-gop-drought-bill-as-divisive\">recently passed a bill\u003c/a> that would end the restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How you can favor fish over people is something people in my part of the world would never understand,” Boehner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>River That Runs Dry\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What you’re looking at is the main channel of the river and there’s no water in it,” said Monty Schmitt of the Natural Resources Defense Council, looking at a dusty riverbed outside of Los Banos in the Central Valley. The drought is one reason this stretch isn’t full of water, but it’s not the only reason.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a highly altered river,” said Schmitt. “The federal government built Friant Dam and for 60 years, dried up the river.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Joaquin River runs from the west slope of the Sierra Nevada down to San Francisco Bay. In the 1940s, a new dam near Fresno corralled the river to irrigate a million acres of Central Valley farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14543\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/Drought_JoshC-4290-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-14543\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/Drought_JoshC-4290-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"In many years, this channel connecting the San Joaquin River outside of Los Banos runs dry. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In many years, this channel connecting the San Joaquin River outside of Los Banos runs dry. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Just that change alone had a huge impact on the river,” Schmitt said. “Obviously all the salmon were wiped out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friant Dam diverted so much water that large sections of the river – up to 60 miles – went completely dry in most years. It was the end of the state’s second-largest salmon run, at least until recently. NRDC sued the federal government and in 2006, signed a settlement agreement with farmers and the federal government that launched the return of Chinook salmon to the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Salmon Return to the River\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, a state and federal restoration team pulled a Chinook salmon out of a net they had stretched across the lower San Joaquin, where downstream tributaries get the river flowing again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We take measurements on the length of the fish and we check them to see the ripeness for the males and females,” said Matt Bigelow of California’s Department of Fish and Wildlife, examining a large female Chinook with a smattering of black spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ripeness – meaning eggs and sperm. These salmon were trying to get upstream to reproduce and were getting some help from a kind of salmon shuttle service. Bigelow and his team loaded them in a tanker truck that would haul them upstream, past the dry part of the river, and release them near Friant Dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14546\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/DSC01101-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-14546\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/DSC01101-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"A restoration team brings in a Chinook salmon caught in the lower reaches of the river. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A restoration team brings in a Chinook salmon caught in the lower reaches of the river. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Obviously what we’re doing right here, this is quite a bit of intervention to get fish up into suitable spawning habitat,” said Gerald Hatler, the restoration program manager with California’s Department of Fish and Wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Returning salmon to the San Joaquin River means moving them fish-by-fish right now, because the river isn’t quite ready for water to start flowing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still a lot of things that need to happen,” said Hatler. “There’s still substantial physical barriers to the fish moving upstream.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”3493ef1327062e0a6024ff7b5915e9b3″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crews need to screen off water pipes and intakes and put in drains to prevent farmland from flooding. Under the restoration plan, the river won’t start flowing again until more of those projects are done, and they’re behind schedule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 300 adult salmon were moved upstream during the winter and their young recently hatched. Without river flows, the young won’t be able to reach the ocean on their own, at least not without a miracle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If Mother Nature gives us a lot of water in the spring of 2014, we may see a large number of those juveniles make their way out,” Hatler said in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chances of that happening are slim to none at this point, so the restoration team is \u003ca href=\"http://www.usbr.gov/mp/nepa/nepa_projdetails.cfm?Project_ID=16361\">planning to move the young salmon\u003c/a> downstream in trucks, just like their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14547\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/Drought_JoshC-4217-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-14547\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/Drought_JoshC-4217-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"An old stretch of the San Joaqun river runs through some of Cannon Michael's 10,000 acres. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An old stretch of the San Joaquin river runs through some of Cannon Michael’s 10,000 acres. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Political Heat\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reality is it’s not going according to plan,” said Cannon Michael of Bowles Farming Company. He farms 10,000 acres just outside Los Banos and an old fork of the San Joaquin runs right through it. It’s choked with dry vegetation, but it’s on the list for restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the progress they’re making in terms of physical projects, this is way down the road,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael says there’s been a lot of frustration. Farmers agreed to give up about 18 percent of their water under the restoration, in exchange for new water supply projects and barriers to keep the river from encroaching onto their land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t just put back fish and spend a lot of money trucking them around the river,” Michael said. “Don’t you want to get the river fixed to the point where you can have them go up the river instead of trucking them?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first phase of the project is expected to cost $500 million, with the bulk of it coming from Congress. But with the economic downturn, appropriations have been slow. Still, after eight years of work, Michael doesn’t want to see the project in the political cross hairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14544\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/Drought_JoshC-4362-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-14544\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/Drought_JoshC-4362-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Monty Schmitt of the Natural Resources Defense Council stands near a stretch of river that's been cut off for decades. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Monty Schmitt of the Natural Resources Defense Council stands near a stretch of river that’s been cut off for decades. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Let’s find a way to get people back on board with it instead of it being a divisive thing where the GOP maybe is using it as a tool,” Michael said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monty Schmitt of the Natural Resources Defense Council agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The old model is to sit in court, fighting each other,” Schmitt said. “Instead we all sat down and we worked something out that we all could live with and support.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schmitt said he’s looking at a \u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/kqed/sen-dianne-feinstein-on\">drought bill from Senator Dianne Feinstein\u003c/a> that could help some of the restoration projects get rolling. Even if that happens, the river wouldn’t start flowing this year. Federal officials have said the flows will be cut because of the extreme drought.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Just as salmon are being returned to the San Joaquin River, the extreme drought is bringing political heat to one of the most ambitious environmental restoration efforts in the state.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704934128,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":33,"wordCount":1182},"headData":{"title":"California Drought One More Setback for River That Runs Dry | KQED","description":"Just as salmon are being returned to the San Joaquin River, the extreme drought is bringing political heat to one of the most ambitious environmental restoration efforts in the state.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/02/20140224science.mp3","sticky":false,"path":"/science/14542/california-drought-one-more-setback-for-river-that-runs-dry","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/02/20140224science.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14545\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/DSC01081-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-14545\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/DSC01081-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Charles Hueth holds up a tagged Chinook salmon for a photograph before it's released into the San Joaquin River. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charles Hueth holds up a tagged Chinook salmon for a photo before releasing it into the San Joaquin River. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s historic drought means tight water supplies for everyone this year. It’s putting environmental restoration projects in the spotlight, especially the effort to bring salmon back to the state’s second longest river, the San Joaquin River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican House Speaker John Boehner singled out the project when he visited California last month. The House \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/02/03/brown-blasts-gop-drought-bill-as-divisive\">recently passed a bill\u003c/a> that would end the restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How you can favor fish over people is something people in my part of the world would never understand,” Boehner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>River That Runs Dry\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What you’re looking at is the main channel of the river and there’s no water in it,” said Monty Schmitt of the Natural Resources Defense Council, looking at a dusty riverbed outside of Los Banos in the Central Valley. The drought is one reason this stretch isn’t full of water, but it’s not the only reason.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a highly altered river,” said Schmitt. “The federal government built Friant Dam and for 60 years, dried up the river.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Joaquin River runs from the west slope of the Sierra Nevada down to San Francisco Bay. In the 1940s, a new dam near Fresno corralled the river to irrigate a million acres of Central Valley farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14543\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/Drought_JoshC-4290-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-14543\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/Drought_JoshC-4290-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"In many years, this channel connecting the San Joaquin River outside of Los Banos runs dry. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In many years, this channel connecting the San Joaquin River outside of Los Banos runs dry. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Just that change alone had a huge impact on the river,” Schmitt said. “Obviously all the salmon were wiped out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friant Dam diverted so much water that large sections of the river – up to 60 miles – went completely dry in most years. It was the end of the state’s second-largest salmon run, at least until recently. NRDC sued the federal government and in 2006, signed a settlement agreement with farmers and the federal government that launched the return of Chinook salmon to the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Salmon Return to the River\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, a state and federal restoration team pulled a Chinook salmon out of a net they had stretched across the lower San Joaquin, where downstream tributaries get the river flowing again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We take measurements on the length of the fish and we check them to see the ripeness for the males and females,” said Matt Bigelow of California’s Department of Fish and Wildlife, examining a large female Chinook with a smattering of black spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ripeness – meaning eggs and sperm. These salmon were trying to get upstream to reproduce and were getting some help from a kind of salmon shuttle service. Bigelow and his team loaded them in a tanker truck that would haul them upstream, past the dry part of the river, and release them near Friant Dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14546\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/DSC01101-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-14546\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/DSC01101-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"A restoration team brings in a Chinook salmon caught in the lower reaches of the river. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A restoration team brings in a Chinook salmon caught in the lower reaches of the river. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Obviously what we’re doing right here, this is quite a bit of intervention to get fish up into suitable spawning habitat,” said Gerald Hatler, the restoration program manager with California’s Department of Fish and Wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Returning salmon to the San Joaquin River means moving them fish-by-fish right now, because the river isn’t quite ready for water to start flowing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still a lot of things that need to happen,” said Hatler. “There’s still substantial physical barriers to the fish moving upstream.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crews need to screen off water pipes and intakes and put in drains to prevent farmland from flooding. Under the restoration plan, the river won’t start flowing again until more of those projects are done, and they’re behind schedule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 300 adult salmon were moved upstream during the winter and their young recently hatched. Without river flows, the young won’t be able to reach the ocean on their own, at least not without a miracle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If Mother Nature gives us a lot of water in the spring of 2014, we may see a large number of those juveniles make their way out,” Hatler said in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chances of that happening are slim to none at this point, so the restoration team is \u003ca href=\"http://www.usbr.gov/mp/nepa/nepa_projdetails.cfm?Project_ID=16361\">planning to move the young salmon\u003c/a> downstream in trucks, just like their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14547\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/Drought_JoshC-4217-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-14547\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/Drought_JoshC-4217-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"An old stretch of the San Joaqun river runs through some of Cannon Michael's 10,000 acres. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An old stretch of the San Joaquin river runs through some of Cannon Michael’s 10,000 acres. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Political Heat\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reality is it’s not going according to plan,” said Cannon Michael of Bowles Farming Company. He farms 10,000 acres just outside Los Banos and an old fork of the San Joaquin runs right through it. It’s choked with dry vegetation, but it’s on the list for restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the progress they’re making in terms of physical projects, this is way down the road,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael says there’s been a lot of frustration. Farmers agreed to give up about 18 percent of their water under the restoration, in exchange for new water supply projects and barriers to keep the river from encroaching onto their land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t just put back fish and spend a lot of money trucking them around the river,” Michael said. “Don’t you want to get the river fixed to the point where you can have them go up the river instead of trucking them?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first phase of the project is expected to cost $500 million, with the bulk of it coming from Congress. But with the economic downturn, appropriations have been slow. Still, after eight years of work, Michael doesn’t want to see the project in the political cross hairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14544\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/Drought_JoshC-4362-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-14544\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/Drought_JoshC-4362-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Monty Schmitt of the Natural Resources Defense Council stands near a stretch of river that's been cut off for decades. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Monty Schmitt of the Natural Resources Defense Council stands near a stretch of river that’s been cut off for decades. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Let’s find a way to get people back on board with it instead of it being a divisive thing where the GOP maybe is using it as a tool,” Michael said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monty Schmitt of the Natural Resources Defense Council agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The old model is to sit in court, fighting each other,” Schmitt said. “Instead we all sat down and we worked something out that we all could live with and support.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schmitt said he’s looking at a \u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/kqed/sen-dianne-feinstein-on\">drought bill from Senator Dianne Feinstein\u003c/a> that could help some of the restoration projects get rolling. Even if that happens, the river wouldn’t start flowing this year. Federal officials have said the flows will be cut because of the extreme drought.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/14542/california-drought-one-more-setback-for-river-that-runs-dry","authors":["239"],"series":["science_1151"],"categories":["science_46","science_89","science_35","science_40","science_43","science_98"],"tags":["science_1195","science_572","science_64","science_670","science_247","science_201","science_804"],"featImg":"science_14564","label":"science_1151"},"science_8483":{"type":"posts","id":"science_8483","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"8483","score":null,"sort":[1378856507000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"conservationists-call-on-federal-lawmakers-to-fund-rim-fire-restoration","title":"Video: Before and After Views of Forest Burned by the Rim Fire","publishDate":1378856507,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Video: Before and After Views of Forest Burned by the Rim Fire | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>//www.youtube.com/watch?v=vW5jN5wErIc\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Rim Fire burning near Yosemite National Park has consumed about 400 square miles, leaving some serious damage in its wake. On Tuesday, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tuolumne.org/content/\">Tuolumne River Trust\u003c/a> released footage of the area, showing the terrain in 2008 and on-the-ground video taken last week. (The first two minutes of the video show the “before,” the second half shows the “after.”) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the short term, we’re looking at trees that have been burned down or fallen down, barren soils that are just primed for erosion when winter comes,” said Eric Wesselman of the Tuolumne River Trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of federal scientists with \u003ca href=\"http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/3726/\">Burned Area Emergency Response\u003c/a> (BAER) is currently surveying the burned zones to identify the worst erosion danger. Wesselman says on average, funding for BAER programs is about five percent of the overall fire cost. The Rim Fire recently topped $100 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_8478\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 288px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/rim-fire-288x162.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-8478\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8478\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/rim-fire-288x162.jpg\" alt=\"Rim Fire-damaged area. (Photo: Mike McMillan - USFS)\" width=\"288\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rim Fire-damaged area. (Photo: Mike McMillan, USFS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is going to be tens of millions of dollars that we’re going to need for the recovery in the months and years ahead,” Wesselman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tuolumne River Trust is calling on California’s senators to help fund recovery of the charred forest, including stabilizing burned areas, planting vegetation and repairing trails and campgrounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not a natural burn,” he said. “This is a catastrophic fire that was fueled by climate change, other man-made influences, as well as natural influences. What we really need is to ensure that we have good management of forests going forward. But before that, we’re going to have to repair the damage that this fire did.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A team of federal scientists is surveying areas burned by the Rim Fire to identify where the worst erosion danger is. An environmental group says restoration could cost tens of millions of dollars. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704935084,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":293},"headData":{"title":"Video: Before and After Views of Forest Burned by the Rim Fire | KQED","description":"A team of federal scientists is surveying areas burned by the Rim Fire to identify where the worst erosion danger is. An environmental group says restoration could cost tens of millions of dollars. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/8483/conservationists-call-on-federal-lawmakers-to-fund-rim-fire-restoration","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>//www.youtube.com/watch?v=vW5jN5wErIc\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Rim Fire burning near Yosemite National Park has consumed about 400 square miles, leaving some serious damage in its wake. On Tuesday, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tuolumne.org/content/\">Tuolumne River Trust\u003c/a> released footage of the area, showing the terrain in 2008 and on-the-ground video taken last week. (The first two minutes of the video show the “before,” the second half shows the “after.”) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the short term, we’re looking at trees that have been burned down or fallen down, barren soils that are just primed for erosion when winter comes,” said Eric Wesselman of the Tuolumne River Trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of federal scientists with \u003ca href=\"http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/3726/\">Burned Area Emergency Response\u003c/a> (BAER) is currently surveying the burned zones to identify the worst erosion danger. Wesselman says on average, funding for BAER programs is about five percent of the overall fire cost. The Rim Fire recently topped $100 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_8478\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 288px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/rim-fire-288x162.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-8478\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8478\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/rim-fire-288x162.jpg\" alt=\"Rim Fire-damaged area. (Photo: Mike McMillan - USFS)\" width=\"288\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rim Fire-damaged area. (Photo: Mike McMillan, USFS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is going to be tens of millions of dollars that we’re going to need for the recovery in the months and years ahead,” Wesselman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tuolumne River Trust is calling on California’s senators to help fund recovery of the charred forest, including stabilizing burned areas, planting vegetation and repairing trails and campgrounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not a natural burn,” he said. “This is a catastrophic fire that was fueled by climate change, other man-made influences, as well as natural influences. What we really need is to ensure that we have good management of forests going forward. But before that, we’re going to have to repair the damage that this fire did.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/8483/conservationists-call-on-federal-lawmakers-to-fund-rim-fire-restoration","authors":["239"],"categories":["science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_112","science_64","science_670","science_607","science_159"],"featImg":"science_8478","label":"science"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CodeSwitchLifeKit_StationGraphics_300x300EmailGraphic.png","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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