Finally, Some Hope on the Climate Front: Global Temperatures Will Stop Rising, If We Act Fast
The Cost of Battery Storage Plummets at the Right Moment for California
The Most Important New California Environmental and Health Laws of 2019
No Free Lunch for Renewables: Wind Power Causes Local Warming
Three Scientists, Including Caltech Professor, Win Nobel Prize in Chemistry
San Francisco is Hosting a Different Kind of Climate Summit
California Ups the Ante: 100 Percent Clean Energy by 2045
Is California’s Bid to Lead the World on Climate Solutions Paying Off At Home?
New Record CO2 Measures Show 'Humans Are Overwhelming Nature'
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Follow Kelly on Twitter \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kellydomara\">@kellydomara\u003c/a>.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/768fec7412028b72f13bdd0f5f9d8186?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["author"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"bayareabites","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"checkplease","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"food","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"liveblog","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Kelly O'Mara | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/768fec7412028b72f13bdd0f5f9d8186?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/768fec7412028b72f13bdd0f5f9d8186?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/kdomara"},"aahmed":{"type":"authors","id":"11428","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11428","found":true},"name":"Amel Ahmed","firstName":"Amel","lastName":"Ahmed","slug":"aahmed","email":"aahmed@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Amel Ahmed is a reporter for KQED. Prior to joining KQED, Amel worked at Al Jazeera America, Al Jazeera English, Democracy Now! and Punched Productions. She also helped produce \u003cem>Changing Face of Harlem\u003c/em>, a documentary that tracked gentrification in Harlem over a period of ten years. She is a 2013 graduate of Brooklyn Law School and is currently researching war on terror prosecutions for an upcoming book.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"amelscript","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Amel Ahmed | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/aahmed"},"kevinstark":{"type":"authors","id":"11608","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11608","found":true},"name":"Kevin Stark","firstName":"Kevin","lastName":"Stark","slug":"kevinstark","email":"kstark@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["science"],"title":"Senior Editor","bio":"Kevin is a senior editor for KQED Science, managing the station's health and climate desks. His journalism career began in the Pacific Northwest, and he later became a lead reporter for the San Francisco Public Press. His work has appeared in Pacific Standard magazine, the Energy News Network, the Center for Investigative Reporting's Reveal and WBEZ in Chicago. Kevin joined KQED in 2019, and has covered issues related to energy, wildfire, climate change and the environment.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f646bf546a63d638e04ff23b52b0e79?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"starkkev","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["administrator"]}],"headData":{"title":"Kevin Stark | KQED","description":"Senior Editor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f646bf546a63d638e04ff23b52b0e79?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f646bf546a63d638e04ff23b52b0e79?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/kevinstark"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"science_1978657":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1978657","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1978657","score":null,"sort":[1646332216000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"finally-some-hope-on-the-climate-front-global-temperatures-will-stop-rising-if-we-act-fast","title":"Finally, Some Hope on the Climate Front: Global Temperatures Will Stop Rising, If We Act Fast","publishDate":1646332216,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Finally, Some Hope on the Climate Front: Global Temperatures Will Stop Rising, If We Act Fast | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>One of the biggest obstacles to avoiding global climate breakdown is that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1977314/climate-change-is-here-its-bad-heres-what-you-can-do\">so many people think there’s nothing we can do\u003c/a> about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They point out that record-breaking heat waves, fires and storms are already devastating communities and economies throughout the world. And they’ve long been told that temperatures will keep rising for decades to come, no matter how many solar panels replace oil derricks or how many meat-eaters go vegetarian. No wonder they think we’re doomed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' citation='The authors']‘Understanding that we can still save our civilization if we take strong, fast action can banish the despair that paralyzes people and instead motivate them to get involved.’[/pullquote]But climate science actually doesn’t say this. To the contrary, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cjr.org/covering_climate_now/michael-mann-60-minutes-emissions-warming.php\">best climate science you’ve probably never heard of\u003c/a> suggests that humanity can still limit the damage to a fraction of the worst projections if — and, we admit, this is a big if — governments, businesses and all of us take strong action starting now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many years, the scientific rule of thumb was that a sizable amount of temperature rise was locked into Earth’s climate system. Scientists believed — and told policymakers and journalists, who in turn told the public — that even if humanity hypothetically halted all heat-trapping emissions overnight, carbon dioxide’s long lifetime in the atmosphere, combined with the sluggish thermal properties of the oceans, would nevertheless keep global temperatures rising for 30 to 40 more years. Since shifting to a zero-carbon global economy would take at least a decade or two, temperatures were bound to keep rising for at least another half-century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-1947420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-160x160.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-800x799.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-768x767.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>But guided by subsequent research, scientists dramatically revised that lag time estimate down to as little as three to five years. That is an enormous difference that carries paradigm-shifting and broadly hopeful implications for how people, especially young people, think and feel about the climate emergency and how societies can respond to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This revised science means that if humanity slashes emissions to zero, global temperatures will stop rising almost immediately. To be clear, this is not a get-out-of-jail-free card. Global temperatures also will not fall if emissions go to zero, so the planet’s ice will keep melting and sea levels will keep rising. But global temperatures will stop their relentless climb, buying humanity time to devise ways to deal with such unavoidable impacts. In short, we are not irrevocably doomed — or at least we don’t have to be, if we take bold, rapid action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science we’re referencing was included — but inadvertently buried — in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/\">United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s recent report\u003c/a>, issued in August. Indeed, it was first featured in the IPCC’s landmark 2018 report, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/06/SR15_Full_Report_High_Res.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Global warming of 1.5°C\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[aside postID=science_1977314]\u003c/span>That report’s key finding — that global emissions must fall by 45% by 2030 to avoid catastrophic climate disruption — generated headlines declaring that we had “12 years to save the planet.” That 12-year timeline, and the related concept of a “carbon budget” — the amount of carbon that can be burned while still limiting temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels — were both rooted in this revised science. Meanwhile, the public and policy worlds have largely neglected the revised science that enabled these very estimates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonscientists can reasonably ask: What made scientists change their minds? Why should we believe their new estimate of a three-to-five-year lag time if their previous estimate of 30 to 40 years is now known to be incorrect? And does the world still have to cut emissions in half by 2030 to avoid climate catastrophe?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The short answer to the last question is yes. Remember, temperatures only stop rising once global emissions fall to zero. Currently, emissions are not falling. Instead, humanity continues to pump approximately 36 billion tons of carbon dioxide a year into the atmosphere. The longer it takes to cut those 36 billion tons to zero, the more temperature rise humanity eventually will face. And as the IPCC’s 2018 report made hauntingly clear, warming of more than 1.5 degrees Celsius would cause unspeakable amounts of human suffering, economic loss and social breakdown — and perhaps trigger genuinely irreversible impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' citation='The authors']‘If we want a livable future for today’s young people, temperature rise must be kept as close as possible to 1.5 C. The best climate science most people have never heard of says \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2021-11-13/cop26-glasgow-climate-change\">that goal remains within reach.\u003c/a>‘[/pullquote]Scientists changed their minds about how much warming is locked in because additional research gave them a much better understanding of how the climate system works. Their initial 30-to-40-year estimates were based on relatively simple computer models that treated the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere as a “control knob” that determines temperature levels. The long lag in the warming impact is due to the oceans, which continue to warm long after the control knob is turned up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More recent climate models account for the more dynamic nature of carbon emissions. Yes, CO2 pushes temperatures higher, but carbon “sinks,” including forests and in particular the oceans, absorb almost half of the CO2 that is emitted, causing atmospheric CO2 levels to drop, offsetting the delayed warming effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knowing that 30 more years of rising temperatures are not necessarily locked in can be a game-changer for how people, governments and businesses respond to the climate crisis. Understanding that we can still save our civilization if we take strong, fast action can banish the despair that paralyzes people and instead motivate them to get involved. Lifestyle changes can help, but that involvement must also include political engagement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slashing emissions in half by 2030 demands the fastest possible transition away from today’s fossil-fueled economies in favor of wind, solar and other non-carbon alternatives. That can happen only if governments enact dramatically different policies. If citizens understand that things aren’t hopeless, they can better push elected officials to make such changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year’s record wildfires in California and the Pacific Northwest illustrated just how deadly climate change can be in the United States. Yet minimizing temperature rise matters even more in the highly climate-vulnerable communities throughout the global south. Countless people in Bangladesh, the Philippines, Madagascar, Africa’s Sahel nations, Brazil, Honduras and other countries have already been suffering from climate disasters for decades because their communities tend to be more exposed to climate impacts and have less financial capacity to protect themselves. For millions of people in such countries, limiting temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius is not a scientific abstraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The IPCC’s most recent report, released this week, addresses how societies can adapt to the temperature rise now underway and the fires, storms and rising seas it unleashes. If we want a livable future for today’s young people, temperature rise must be kept as close as possible to 1.5 C. The best climate science most people have never heard of says that goal \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2021-11-13/cop26-glasgow-climate-change\">remains within reach\u003c/a>. The question is whether enough of us will act on that knowledge in time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article from The Washington Post is published here as part of the global journalism collaboration Covering Climate Now.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Mark Hertsgaard is the executive director of Covering Climate Now, a global collaboration of news outlets strengthening coverage of the climate story. Follow him on\u003ca class=\"font-xxxs gray-dark pointer nowrap truncate\" href=\"https://twitter.com/markhertsgaard\" data-sc-v=\"6.5.3\" data-sc-c=\"twitterlink\"> \u003cspan class=\"dib b bb bc-gray\" data-sc-v=\"6.5.3\" data-sc-c=\"twitterlink\">Twitter\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Saleemul Huq is the director of the International Centre for Climate Change and Development in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Follow him on \u003ca class=\"font-xxxs gray-dark pointer nowrap truncate\" href=\"https://twitter.com/SaleemulHuq\" data-sc-v=\"6.5.3\" data-sc-c=\"twitterlink\"> \u003cspan class=\"dib b bb bc-gray\" data-sc-v=\"6.5.3\" data-sc-c=\"twitterlink\">Twitter\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Michael E. Mann is a professor of atmospheric science at Penn State University and author of “The New Climate War.” Follow him on\u003ca class=\"font-xxxs gray-dark pointer nowrap truncate\" href=\"https://twitter.com/@MichaelEMann\" data-sc-v=\"6.5.3\" data-sc-c=\"twitterlink\"> \u003cspan class=\"dib b bb bc-gray\" data-sc-v=\"6.5.3\" data-sc-c=\"twitterlink\">Twitter\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"We can stop rising temperatures sooner than we thought. We have to act fast, much faster than nations are acting, but if we do, we can avoid the worst. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846308,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1357},"headData":{"title":"Finally, Some Hope on the Climate Front: Global Temperatures Will Stop Rising, If We Act Fast | KQED","description":"We can stop rising temperatures sooner than we thought. We have to act fast, much faster than nations are acting, but if we do, we can avoid the worst. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"Mark Hertsgaard, Covering Climate Now \u003cbr>Saleemul Huq, International Centre for Climate Change and Development \u003cbr>Michael Mann, Penn State University","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/science/1978657/finally-some-hope-on-the-climate-front-global-temperatures-will-stop-rising-if-we-act-fast","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One of the biggest obstacles to avoiding global climate breakdown is that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1977314/climate-change-is-here-its-bad-heres-what-you-can-do\">so many people think there’s nothing we can do\u003c/a> about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They point out that record-breaking heat waves, fires and storms are already devastating communities and economies throughout the world. And they’ve long been told that temperatures will keep rising for decades to come, no matter how many solar panels replace oil derricks or how many meat-eaters go vegetarian. No wonder they think we’re doomed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Understanding that we can still save our civilization if we take strong, fast action can banish the despair that paralyzes people and instead motivate them to get involved.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"small","citation":"The authors","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But climate science actually doesn’t say this. To the contrary, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cjr.org/covering_climate_now/michael-mann-60-minutes-emissions-warming.php\">best climate science you’ve probably never heard of\u003c/a> suggests that humanity can still limit the damage to a fraction of the worst projections if — and, we admit, this is a big if — governments, businesses and all of us take strong action starting now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many years, the scientific rule of thumb was that a sizable amount of temperature rise was locked into Earth’s climate system. Scientists believed — and told policymakers and journalists, who in turn told the public — that even if humanity hypothetically halted all heat-trapping emissions overnight, carbon dioxide’s long lifetime in the atmosphere, combined with the sluggish thermal properties of the oceans, would nevertheless keep global temperatures rising for 30 to 40 more years. Since shifting to a zero-carbon global economy would take at least a decade or two, temperatures were bound to keep rising for at least another half-century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-1947420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-160x160.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-800x799.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-768x767.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>But guided by subsequent research, scientists dramatically revised that lag time estimate down to as little as three to five years. That is an enormous difference that carries paradigm-shifting and broadly hopeful implications for how people, especially young people, think and feel about the climate emergency and how societies can respond to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This revised science means that if humanity slashes emissions to zero, global temperatures will stop rising almost immediately. To be clear, this is not a get-out-of-jail-free card. Global temperatures also will not fall if emissions go to zero, so the planet’s ice will keep melting and sea levels will keep rising. But global temperatures will stop their relentless climb, buying humanity time to devise ways to deal with such unavoidable impacts. In short, we are not irrevocably doomed — or at least we don’t have to be, if we take bold, rapid action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science we’re referencing was included — but inadvertently buried — in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/\">United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s recent report\u003c/a>, issued in August. Indeed, it was first featured in the IPCC’s landmark 2018 report, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/06/SR15_Full_Report_High_Res.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Global warming of 1.5°C\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1977314","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>That report’s key finding — that global emissions must fall by 45% by 2030 to avoid catastrophic climate disruption — generated headlines declaring that we had “12 years to save the planet.” That 12-year timeline, and the related concept of a “carbon budget” — the amount of carbon that can be burned while still limiting temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels — were both rooted in this revised science. Meanwhile, the public and policy worlds have largely neglected the revised science that enabled these very estimates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonscientists can reasonably ask: What made scientists change their minds? Why should we believe their new estimate of a three-to-five-year lag time if their previous estimate of 30 to 40 years is now known to be incorrect? And does the world still have to cut emissions in half by 2030 to avoid climate catastrophe?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The short answer to the last question is yes. Remember, temperatures only stop rising once global emissions fall to zero. Currently, emissions are not falling. Instead, humanity continues to pump approximately 36 billion tons of carbon dioxide a year into the atmosphere. The longer it takes to cut those 36 billion tons to zero, the more temperature rise humanity eventually will face. And as the IPCC’s 2018 report made hauntingly clear, warming of more than 1.5 degrees Celsius would cause unspeakable amounts of human suffering, economic loss and social breakdown — and perhaps trigger genuinely irreversible impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘If we want a livable future for today’s young people, temperature rise must be kept as close as possible to 1.5 C. The best climate science most people have never heard of says \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2021-11-13/cop26-glasgow-climate-change\">that goal remains within reach.\u003c/a>‘","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"small","citation":"The authors","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Scientists changed their minds about how much warming is locked in because additional research gave them a much better understanding of how the climate system works. Their initial 30-to-40-year estimates were based on relatively simple computer models that treated the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere as a “control knob” that determines temperature levels. The long lag in the warming impact is due to the oceans, which continue to warm long after the control knob is turned up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More recent climate models account for the more dynamic nature of carbon emissions. Yes, CO2 pushes temperatures higher, but carbon “sinks,” including forests and in particular the oceans, absorb almost half of the CO2 that is emitted, causing atmospheric CO2 levels to drop, offsetting the delayed warming effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knowing that 30 more years of rising temperatures are not necessarily locked in can be a game-changer for how people, governments and businesses respond to the climate crisis. Understanding that we can still save our civilization if we take strong, fast action can banish the despair that paralyzes people and instead motivate them to get involved. Lifestyle changes can help, but that involvement must also include political engagement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slashing emissions in half by 2030 demands the fastest possible transition away from today’s fossil-fueled economies in favor of wind, solar and other non-carbon alternatives. That can happen only if governments enact dramatically different policies. If citizens understand that things aren’t hopeless, they can better push elected officials to make such changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year’s record wildfires in California and the Pacific Northwest illustrated just how deadly climate change can be in the United States. Yet minimizing temperature rise matters even more in the highly climate-vulnerable communities throughout the global south. Countless people in Bangladesh, the Philippines, Madagascar, Africa’s Sahel nations, Brazil, Honduras and other countries have already been suffering from climate disasters for decades because their communities tend to be more exposed to climate impacts and have less financial capacity to protect themselves. For millions of people in such countries, limiting temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius is not a scientific abstraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The IPCC’s most recent report, released this week, addresses how societies can adapt to the temperature rise now underway and the fires, storms and rising seas it unleashes. If we want a livable future for today’s young people, temperature rise must be kept as close as possible to 1.5 C. The best climate science most people have never heard of says that goal \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2021-11-13/cop26-glasgow-climate-change\">remains within reach\u003c/a>. The question is whether enough of us will act on that knowledge in time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article from The Washington Post is published here as part of the global journalism collaboration Covering Climate Now.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Mark Hertsgaard is the executive director of Covering Climate Now, a global collaboration of news outlets strengthening coverage of the climate story. Follow him on\u003ca class=\"font-xxxs gray-dark pointer nowrap truncate\" href=\"https://twitter.com/markhertsgaard\" data-sc-v=\"6.5.3\" data-sc-c=\"twitterlink\"> \u003cspan class=\"dib b bb bc-gray\" data-sc-v=\"6.5.3\" data-sc-c=\"twitterlink\">Twitter\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Saleemul Huq is the director of the International Centre for Climate Change and Development in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Follow him on \u003ca class=\"font-xxxs gray-dark pointer nowrap truncate\" href=\"https://twitter.com/SaleemulHuq\" data-sc-v=\"6.5.3\" data-sc-c=\"twitterlink\"> \u003cspan class=\"dib b bb bc-gray\" data-sc-v=\"6.5.3\" data-sc-c=\"twitterlink\">Twitter\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Michael E. Mann is a professor of atmospheric science at Penn State University and author of “The New Climate War.” Follow him on\u003ca class=\"font-xxxs gray-dark pointer nowrap truncate\" href=\"https://twitter.com/@MichaelEMann\" data-sc-v=\"6.5.3\" data-sc-c=\"twitterlink\"> \u003cspan class=\"dib b bb bc-gray\" data-sc-v=\"6.5.3\" data-sc-c=\"twitterlink\">Twitter\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1978657/finally-some-hope-on-the-climate-front-global-temperatures-will-stop-rising-if-we-act-fast","authors":["byline_science_1978657"],"categories":["science_31","science_40","science_43","science_4450"],"tags":["science_194","science_4414","science_140"],"featImg":"science_1978663","label":"science"},"science_1951005":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1951005","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1951005","score":null,"sort":[1577995264000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-cost-of-battery-storage-plummets-at-the-right-moment-for-california","title":"The Cost of Battery Storage Plummets at the Right Moment for California","publishDate":1577995264,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The Cost of Battery Storage Plummets at the Right Moment for California | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>California has a decade to reach its self-mandated goal of slashing greenhouse gas emissions to 40% of 1990 levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One independent \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1948712/your-suv-is-really-messing-with-the-states-climate-plans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">analysis\u003c/a> found the state is falling behind — in part, because emissions from the transportation sector have soared to record highs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But energy experts see hope in an eye-popping decline in the cost of renewable energy. In the last decade, onshore and offshore wind prices fell by about 57% and utility-scale solar by 86%. Those numbers are good news for California, \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">near the top of the nation in both\u003c/span>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the best news is in the decline in the cost of battery energy storage. Based on data compiled by \u003ca href=\"https://www.climatecentral.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Climate Central\u003c/a> in a new \u003ca href=\"https://climatecentral.org/news/climate-central-solutions-brief-battery-energy-storage\">solutions brief\u003c/a>, it’s $186 per megawatt-hour, a 76% drop since 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1951009\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-800x587.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"587\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-800x587.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-160x117.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-768x564.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-1020x749.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-1200x881.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-1920x1409.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With batteries, California can increase the state’s ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by storing energy generated by intermittent renewable resources. The sun doesn’t shine at night, for example, but batteries can absorb excess solar energy and send it back to the grid whenever needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Batteries are a fundamentally different kind of asset than what we have historically placed on the grid,” said Jeremy Twitchell, an energy research analyst with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. “They are much more flexible and can provide a much wider range of services than what we traditionally have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some instances, batteries can offset the need to build transmission lines and power plants to meet peak demand, and can provide clean backup energy when the grid goes down. Solar power by itself can’t keep the lights on unless it is coupled with some kind of storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As climate change bakes the state’s forests and neighborhoods continue to spread into them, batteries can stand in for generators and boost \u003ca href=\"https://rmi.org/importance-distribution-scale-solar-grid-resilience/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">resilience\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little more than a decade ago, batteries were inefficient and impractical at grid scale. The cost was too high to store power in large amounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has launched commercially viable projects – a lot of them – because of recent advancements in technology and manufacturing. The state has 262 megawatts of grid-scale storage installed, reports Climate Central, \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more\u003c/a> than any other state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s enough power for nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.seia.org/initiatives/whats-megawatt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">50,000 homes\u003c/a>, with much more in the pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2013, state lawmakers and regulators mandated the state’s largest investor-owned utilities – PG&E, Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric – to procure 1,325 megawatts of battery storage by 2020. They are on track to shatter that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CPUC has approved more than 1,600 megawatts worth of battery storage projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, PG&E won the \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M238/K048/238048767.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">go-ahead\u003c/a> for a mega-project in the South Bay that includes a 300-megawatt Vistra Energy project and a 182-megawatt Tesla system, two of the largest battery systems in the world. “These are really breakthrough projects,” said Paul Doherty, a spokesman for PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Approval is great, but the state’s utilities must keep pushing until these projects are operational, said Alex Morris, vice president of policy with California Energy Storage Alliance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The peak for the grid is around 50,000 megawatts,” Morris says. “I don’t want to take away from the hard work, but it is really just the first step. Only a tiny amount of new storage is up and running on the grid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Batteries are still more expensive than other energy sources – especially cheap and abundant natural gas – and regulators impose other challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Batteries Can Do That, Too’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When temperatures rise during a heat wave, all at once people flip on their air conditioning units to cool down and the demand for power spikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when utilities turn to natural gas turbines that spool up and ramp down quickly. But the power comes with a price as the plants belch planet warming gases into the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gas peaker plants respond to sudden increases in demand by generating power fast, but “batteries can do that, too,” said Chuck Kutscher, a senior research associate with University of Colorado-Boulder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For states that are really interested in achieving carbon emissions reductions, they’re looking at batteries to replace gas peakers,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the price of batteries continues to fall, California is starting to make this move. East Bay Community Energy, for example, recently signed a \u003ca href=\"https://ebce.org/ebce-signs-new-power-contracts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">contract\u003c/a> to replace a gas peaker with a standalone storage facility. But that’s not always possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Natural gas is so cheap right now in the U.S., it makes it hard to compete even though the battery costs are coming down,” said Eric Larson, a senior scientist with Climate Central. “It takes a special situation to make the economics work for replacing peakers. But there are cases where it works.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This month, energy regulators voted begrudgingly and unanimously to extend the life of four natural gas power plants around Los Angeles based on what they saw as a need for new generation by next summer to prevent outages and price spikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CPUC’s new president Marybel Batjer described the decision as “perhaps the most difficult” she’s made since joining the commission. Commissioner Martha Guzman Aceves vowed to “never support another extension,” the San Diego Union-Tribune \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/business/energy-green/story/2019-11-07/concerned-about-future-power-shortages-utilities-commission-bumps-up-resource-requirements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Batteries can help California convert its energy grid to a carbon-free system.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704847945,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":924},"headData":{"title":"The Cost of Battery Storage Plummets at the Right Moment for California | KQED","description":"Batteries can help California convert its energy grid to a carbon-free system.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Energy","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2020/01/StarkWatt2WayBatteryStorage.mp3","sticky":false,"audioTrackLength":168,"path":"/science/1951005/the-cost-of-battery-storage-plummets-at-the-right-moment-for-california","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California has a decade to reach its self-mandated goal of slashing greenhouse gas emissions to 40% of 1990 levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One independent \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1948712/your-suv-is-really-messing-with-the-states-climate-plans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">analysis\u003c/a> found the state is falling behind — in part, because emissions from the transportation sector have soared to record highs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But energy experts see hope in an eye-popping decline in the cost of renewable energy. In the last decade, onshore and offshore wind prices fell by about 57% and utility-scale solar by 86%. Those numbers are good news for California, \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">near the top of the nation in both\u003c/span>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the best news is in the decline in the cost of battery energy storage. Based on data compiled by \u003ca href=\"https://www.climatecentral.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Climate Central\u003c/a> in a new \u003ca href=\"https://climatecentral.org/news/climate-central-solutions-brief-battery-energy-storage\">solutions brief\u003c/a>, it’s $186 per megawatt-hour, a 76% drop since 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1951009\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-800x587.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"587\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-800x587.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-160x117.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-768x564.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-1020x749.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-1200x881.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-1920x1409.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With batteries, California can increase the state’s ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by storing energy generated by intermittent renewable resources. The sun doesn’t shine at night, for example, but batteries can absorb excess solar energy and send it back to the grid whenever needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Batteries are a fundamentally different kind of asset than what we have historically placed on the grid,” said Jeremy Twitchell, an energy research analyst with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. “They are much more flexible and can provide a much wider range of services than what we traditionally have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some instances, batteries can offset the need to build transmission lines and power plants to meet peak demand, and can provide clean backup energy when the grid goes down. Solar power by itself can’t keep the lights on unless it is coupled with some kind of storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As climate change bakes the state’s forests and neighborhoods continue to spread into them, batteries can stand in for generators and boost \u003ca href=\"https://rmi.org/importance-distribution-scale-solar-grid-resilience/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">resilience\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little more than a decade ago, batteries were inefficient and impractical at grid scale. The cost was too high to store power in large amounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has launched commercially viable projects – a lot of them – because of recent advancements in technology and manufacturing. The state has 262 megawatts of grid-scale storage installed, reports Climate Central, \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more\u003c/a> than any other state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s enough power for nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.seia.org/initiatives/whats-megawatt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">50,000 homes\u003c/a>, with much more in the pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2013, state lawmakers and regulators mandated the state’s largest investor-owned utilities – PG&E, Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric – to procure 1,325 megawatts of battery storage by 2020. They are on track to shatter that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CPUC has approved more than 1,600 megawatts worth of battery storage projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, PG&E won the \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M238/K048/238048767.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">go-ahead\u003c/a> for a mega-project in the South Bay that includes a 300-megawatt Vistra Energy project and a 182-megawatt Tesla system, two of the largest battery systems in the world. “These are really breakthrough projects,” said Paul Doherty, a spokesman for PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Approval is great, but the state’s utilities must keep pushing until these projects are operational, said Alex Morris, vice president of policy with California Energy Storage Alliance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The peak for the grid is around 50,000 megawatts,” Morris says. “I don’t want to take away from the hard work, but it is really just the first step. Only a tiny amount of new storage is up and running on the grid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Batteries are still more expensive than other energy sources – especially cheap and abundant natural gas – and regulators impose other challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Batteries Can Do That, Too’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When temperatures rise during a heat wave, all at once people flip on their air conditioning units to cool down and the demand for power spikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when utilities turn to natural gas turbines that spool up and ramp down quickly. But the power comes with a price as the plants belch planet warming gases into the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gas peaker plants respond to sudden increases in demand by generating power fast, but “batteries can do that, too,” said Chuck Kutscher, a senior research associate with University of Colorado-Boulder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For states that are really interested in achieving carbon emissions reductions, they’re looking at batteries to replace gas peakers,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the price of batteries continues to fall, California is starting to make this move. East Bay Community Energy, for example, recently signed a \u003ca href=\"https://ebce.org/ebce-signs-new-power-contracts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">contract\u003c/a> to replace a gas peaker with a standalone storage facility. But that’s not always possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Natural gas is so cheap right now in the U.S., it makes it hard to compete even though the battery costs are coming down,” said Eric Larson, a senior scientist with Climate Central. “It takes a special situation to make the economics work for replacing peakers. But there are cases where it works.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This month, energy regulators voted begrudgingly and unanimously to extend the life of four natural gas power plants around Los Angeles based on what they saw as a need for new generation by next summer to prevent outages and price spikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CPUC’s new president Marybel Batjer described the decision as “perhaps the most difficult” she’s made since joining the commission. Commissioner Martha Guzman Aceves vowed to “never support another extension,” the San Diego Union-Tribune \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/business/energy-green/story/2019-11-07/concerned-about-future-power-shortages-utilities-commission-bumps-up-resource-requirements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1951005/the-cost-of-battery-storage-plummets-at-the-right-moment-for-california","authors":["11608"],"categories":["science_31","science_33","science_89","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_3645","science_140"],"featImg":"science_1951011","label":"source_science_1951005"},"science_1936016":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1936016","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1936016","score":null,"sort":[1546416084000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-most-important-new-california-environmental-and-health-laws-of-2019","title":"The Most Important New California Environmental and Health Laws of 2019","publishDate":1546416084,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The Most Important New California Environmental and Health Laws of 2019 | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The California Legislature in 2018 cranked out \u003ca href=\"http://www.counties.org/csac-bulletin-article/governor-brown-takes-final-action-2018-legislation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1,016 pieces of legislation\u003c/a> that Gov. Brown \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GovPressOffice/status/1046601496702332928/photo/1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signed\u003c/a> into law. Number of bills \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11624605/revealing-rejections-jerry-browns-vetoes-are-a-window-into-his-mind\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vetoed\u003c/a>? 201. (For those keeping track, note that Brown rejected bills at a \u003ca href=\"https://sor.senate.ca.gov/sites/sor.senate.ca.gov/files/Governors%20Vetoes%202017_Senate%20Office%20of%20Research.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">much higher clip\u003c/a> his second time around as governor.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the most important environmental and health changes coming in 2019:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB100\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 100\u003c/a>: The long road to 100 percent clean energy\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was, in many ways,\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1915384/can-california-really-go-100-percent-renewable-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> the defining environmental law of the year\u003c/a>: a groundbreaking mandate for generating 100 percent of the state’s electricity from solar, wind and other non-fossil sources by 2045. Now comes the hard part: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930972/why-100-percent-clean-energy-in-california-is-gonna-be-tricky\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">actually doing it\u003c/a>. Legislators have already passed a rash of environmental legislation to begin meeting these goals, including an increase in incentives for solar panels, more \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1013\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">restrictions\u003c/a> on hydrofluorocarbons, and an\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11560541/heres-whats-in-the-deal-to-extend-californias-cap-and-trade-system\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> extension of the state’s cap-and-trade system\u003c/a> to 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB901\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 901\u003c/a>, et al: Wildfire mitigation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, Brown signed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11694129/gov-brown-signs-major-wildfire-reforms-utility-protections-into-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">package of bills\u003c/a> in response to the massive wildfires of the last few years. The main bill, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB901\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 901\u003c/a>, requires utilities to implement fire prevention plans and upgrade equipment. It also creates incentives for landowners to reduce excess fuel and remove dead trees, and sets aside $1 billion for forest management over the next five years. Controversially, the negotiated deal \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11689138/last-minute-deal-allows-utilities-to-pass-along-costs-of-2017-fires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">allows PG&E\u003c/a> to pass on to consumers some of the cost it may incur if it’s found liable for the 2017 fires. The two- dozen or so fire prevention bills Brown signed include rules making it easier for private landowners to conduct controlled burns, rules requiring garage door openers to have backup batteries in case of electrical outages, and a clarification that insurers \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/lazarus/la-fi-lazarus-mudslides-homeowners-insurance-20180130-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">must cover\u003c/a> losses due to landslides and mudslides if those calamities resulted mainly from a separate, insured catastrophe like fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1775\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 1775\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>and \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB834\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 834\u003c/a>: No offshore drilling\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Brown signed \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11691228/brown-signs-bills-to-make-new-offshore-drilling-in-california-more-difficult\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">two bills\u003c/a> to stem offshore drilling, in response to the Trump administration’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1919605/offshore-drilling-showdown-in-sacramento-thursday\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">push\u003c/a> to open nearly the entire U.S. coastline to offshore oil leasing in federal waters. The companion bills prevent any new leases for construction of oil or gas infrastructure like pipelines or piers in state waters or tidal lands as of Jan. 1, which would ostensibly prevent any oil from coming ashore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1274\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 1274\u003c/a>: Smog check exemption \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, cars six \u003ca href=\"https://www.autoblog.com/2016/04/15/determine-car-model-year-vin/\">model-years\u003c/a> old or newer could forego a smog-check. The new law extends that exemption to cars eight years old or newer. During the last two of those eight years, the smog abatement fee will jump to $25 from $20.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB544\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 544\u003c/a>: HOV stickers for zero-emission cars\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This law \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1915616/ca-legislature-clean-cars-can-keep-carpool-lane-access\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">extends\u003c/a> the program that allows \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/carpool/carpool.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">zero-emission cars\u003c/a> to drive in carpool lanes. Here are the new rules:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Stickers issued before Jan. 1, 2017 expire on Jan. 1, 2019.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Stickers issued to new cars after Jan. 1, 2019 are valid for three full years and then until Jan. 1 of their fourth year.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Drivers issued stickers in 2017 and 2018 will be able to apply for a new sticker in 2019 that is valid until Jan. 1, 2022.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>In addition, drivers that receive the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://cleanvehiclerebate.org/eng\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Clean Vehicle Rebate\u003c/a>, which can be several thousand dollars, won’t be eligible for HOV lane stickers unless their gross annual income falls below $150,000 for a single tax filer, $204,000 for a head of household and $300,000 for joint filers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is the California Air Resources Board \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/eligible-carpool-sticker-list\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list of vehicles\u003c/a>, going back to 1997, that are eligible for carpool stickers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB606\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 606\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1668\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 1668\u003c/a>: More efficient water use\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These laws don’t go into effect in 2019, but their passage in 2018 was an important part of Gov. Brown’s push to make water conservation “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1235760/california-drought-six-years-in-how-will-the-state-keep-saving-water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a way of life\u003c/a>.” SB 606 and AB 1668 collectively require the state to establish new efficiency standards for water use by 2022 and mandate that local agencies devise drought and water-shortage plans. The bills also set indoor residential use at 55 gallons per person per day, incrementally reducing that number after Jan. 1, 2025. Basically, this year, you might want to start getting used to using less water and more water- efficient appliances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1884\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 1884\u003c/a>: No more plastic straws … unless you really want one\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a tough year for plastic straws. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927896/san-francisco-to-consider-outlawing-plastic-straws-stirrers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco banned them, \u003c/a> Starbucks announced a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927062/starbucks-goodbye-plastic-straws\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">phaseout\u003c/a>, and California passed a law removing them from full-service restaurants starting Jan. 1. However, dining establishments can still give you a plastic straw if you ask for one. (This is similar to the new rule that restaurants are not supposed to serve water unless you ask for it.) Businesses that don’t comply will get two warnings and then can be fined $25 per day, up to $300 annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1192\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 1192\u003c/a>: No soda or juice with kid meals\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Restaurants will now have to remove soda and juice from kids’ menus. The default options starting in 2019 will be water with no added sweetners or milk or a dairy-free milk substitute. If kids or their parents want juice or soda, they’ll have to ask. (If you want to go full gadfly, ask for a plastic straw with that soda.) After a warning, restaurant violators can be fined $250, or $500 for a repeat offense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1976\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 1976\u003c/a>: Breastfeeding at work\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California already requires employers to provide a reasonable amount of time to breastfeed and a place for lactation that isn’t a toilet stall. AB 1976 now requires that area be outside the bathroom itself. Temporary locations are acceptable, as long as they’re private. Another bill, which would have legislated more specific requirements, was vetoed by Gov. Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB179\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 179\u003c/a>: Nonbinary gender option on official forms\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/436110/california-third-gender-nonbinary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gender Recognition Act \u003c/a>was passed in 2017, allowing Caifornians to change the gender on their birth certificates to “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/335790/boy-girl-both-neither-a-new-generation-overthrows-gender\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nonbinary\u003c/a>” instead of male or female. Now the rest of the law goes into effect. Starting Jan. 1, individuals can choose the nonbinary gender designation on \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/dmv/detail/dl/gender_id\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">driver’s licenses or state IDs\u003c/a>. People wanting to change their gender on those forms will also no longer have to provide a doctor’s authorization. The law, of course, does not apply to federal forms, such as passports, or documents issued by other states. (For more on the law, check out the Transgender Law Center \u003ca href=\"https://transgenderlawcenter.org/resources/id/ca-sb179\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fact sheet\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1448\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 1448\u003c/a>: Informing patients about physician misconduct\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a number of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/209413/nationwide-doctors-who-sexually-abuse-their-patients-continue-to-practice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">instances\u003c/a> in which doctors were allowed to continue practicing following sexual assault or misconduct, a movement ensued to arm the public with information about which physicians have been found culpable. Previously, patients could search an online database to see if their doctors were on probation, but that put the onus on the public. SB 1448 requires doctors to actively inform their patients if they’ve been disciplined by the regulatory board for the following: sexual misconduct involving a patient, drug abuse, criminal convictions involving harm to a patient, and inappropriate prescribing that resulted in patient harm. In July, the list of medical professionals required to proactively inform the public will expand to include surgeons, osteopaths, naturopathic doctors, chiropractors, podiatrists and acupuncturists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Also of interest …\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We note: A \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1138\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">law\u003c/a> requiring vegan meals to be offered in prisons and hospitals; \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one\u003c/a> phasing out drift gill-net fishing, which unintentionally snares marine mammals; and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2998\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">another\u003c/a> that phases out certain flame retardants by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jon Brooks contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"From an ambitious clean-energy goal to officially recognizing a third gender, California continued to break new legislative ground last year. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927227,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":1288},"headData":{"title":"The Most Important New California Environmental and Health Laws of 2019 | KQED","description":"From an ambitious clean-energy goal to officially recognizing a third gender, California continued to break new legislative ground last year. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Politics","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1936016/the-most-important-new-california-environmental-and-health-laws-of-2019","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The California Legislature in 2018 cranked out \u003ca href=\"http://www.counties.org/csac-bulletin-article/governor-brown-takes-final-action-2018-legislation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1,016 pieces of legislation\u003c/a> that Gov. Brown \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GovPressOffice/status/1046601496702332928/photo/1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signed\u003c/a> into law. Number of bills \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11624605/revealing-rejections-jerry-browns-vetoes-are-a-window-into-his-mind\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vetoed\u003c/a>? 201. (For those keeping track, note that Brown rejected bills at a \u003ca href=\"https://sor.senate.ca.gov/sites/sor.senate.ca.gov/files/Governors%20Vetoes%202017_Senate%20Office%20of%20Research.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">much higher clip\u003c/a> his second time around as governor.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the most important environmental and health changes coming in 2019:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB100\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 100\u003c/a>: The long road to 100 percent clean energy\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was, in many ways,\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1915384/can-california-really-go-100-percent-renewable-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> the defining environmental law of the year\u003c/a>: a groundbreaking mandate for generating 100 percent of the state’s electricity from solar, wind and other non-fossil sources by 2045. Now comes the hard part: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930972/why-100-percent-clean-energy-in-california-is-gonna-be-tricky\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">actually doing it\u003c/a>. Legislators have already passed a rash of environmental legislation to begin meeting these goals, including an increase in incentives for solar panels, more \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1013\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">restrictions\u003c/a> on hydrofluorocarbons, and an\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11560541/heres-whats-in-the-deal-to-extend-californias-cap-and-trade-system\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> extension of the state’s cap-and-trade system\u003c/a> to 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB901\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 901\u003c/a>, et al: Wildfire mitigation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, Brown signed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11694129/gov-brown-signs-major-wildfire-reforms-utility-protections-into-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">package of bills\u003c/a> in response to the massive wildfires of the last few years. The main bill, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB901\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 901\u003c/a>, requires utilities to implement fire prevention plans and upgrade equipment. It also creates incentives for landowners to reduce excess fuel and remove dead trees, and sets aside $1 billion for forest management over the next five years. Controversially, the negotiated deal \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11689138/last-minute-deal-allows-utilities-to-pass-along-costs-of-2017-fires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">allows PG&E\u003c/a> to pass on to consumers some of the cost it may incur if it’s found liable for the 2017 fires. The two- dozen or so fire prevention bills Brown signed include rules making it easier for private landowners to conduct controlled burns, rules requiring garage door openers to have backup batteries in case of electrical outages, and a clarification that insurers \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/lazarus/la-fi-lazarus-mudslides-homeowners-insurance-20180130-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">must cover\u003c/a> losses due to landslides and mudslides if those calamities resulted mainly from a separate, insured catastrophe like fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1775\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 1775\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>and \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB834\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 834\u003c/a>: No offshore drilling\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Brown signed \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11691228/brown-signs-bills-to-make-new-offshore-drilling-in-california-more-difficult\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">two bills\u003c/a> to stem offshore drilling, in response to the Trump administration’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1919605/offshore-drilling-showdown-in-sacramento-thursday\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">push\u003c/a> to open nearly the entire U.S. coastline to offshore oil leasing in federal waters. The companion bills prevent any new leases for construction of oil or gas infrastructure like pipelines or piers in state waters or tidal lands as of Jan. 1, which would ostensibly prevent any oil from coming ashore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1274\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 1274\u003c/a>: Smog check exemption \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, cars six \u003ca href=\"https://www.autoblog.com/2016/04/15/determine-car-model-year-vin/\">model-years\u003c/a> old or newer could forego a smog-check. The new law extends that exemption to cars eight years old or newer. During the last two of those eight years, the smog abatement fee will jump to $25 from $20.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB544\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 544\u003c/a>: HOV stickers for zero-emission cars\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This law \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1915616/ca-legislature-clean-cars-can-keep-carpool-lane-access\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">extends\u003c/a> the program that allows \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/carpool/carpool.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">zero-emission cars\u003c/a> to drive in carpool lanes. Here are the new rules:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Stickers issued before Jan. 1, 2017 expire on Jan. 1, 2019.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Stickers issued to new cars after Jan. 1, 2019 are valid for three full years and then until Jan. 1 of their fourth year.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Drivers issued stickers in 2017 and 2018 will be able to apply for a new sticker in 2019 that is valid until Jan. 1, 2022.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>In addition, drivers that receive the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://cleanvehiclerebate.org/eng\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Clean Vehicle Rebate\u003c/a>, which can be several thousand dollars, won’t be eligible for HOV lane stickers unless their gross annual income falls below $150,000 for a single tax filer, $204,000 for a head of household and $300,000 for joint filers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is the California Air Resources Board \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/eligible-carpool-sticker-list\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list of vehicles\u003c/a>, going back to 1997, that are eligible for carpool stickers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB606\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 606\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1668\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 1668\u003c/a>: More efficient water use\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These laws don’t go into effect in 2019, but their passage in 2018 was an important part of Gov. Brown’s push to make water conservation “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1235760/california-drought-six-years-in-how-will-the-state-keep-saving-water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a way of life\u003c/a>.” SB 606 and AB 1668 collectively require the state to establish new efficiency standards for water use by 2022 and mandate that local agencies devise drought and water-shortage plans. The bills also set indoor residential use at 55 gallons per person per day, incrementally reducing that number after Jan. 1, 2025. Basically, this year, you might want to start getting used to using less water and more water- efficient appliances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1884\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 1884\u003c/a>: No more plastic straws … unless you really want one\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a tough year for plastic straws. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927896/san-francisco-to-consider-outlawing-plastic-straws-stirrers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco banned them, \u003c/a> Starbucks announced a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927062/starbucks-goodbye-plastic-straws\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">phaseout\u003c/a>, and California passed a law removing them from full-service restaurants starting Jan. 1. However, dining establishments can still give you a plastic straw if you ask for one. (This is similar to the new rule that restaurants are not supposed to serve water unless you ask for it.) Businesses that don’t comply will get two warnings and then can be fined $25 per day, up to $300 annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1192\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 1192\u003c/a>: No soda or juice with kid meals\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Restaurants will now have to remove soda and juice from kids’ menus. The default options starting in 2019 will be water with no added sweetners or milk or a dairy-free milk substitute. If kids or their parents want juice or soda, they’ll have to ask. (If you want to go full gadfly, ask for a plastic straw with that soda.) After a warning, restaurant violators can be fined $250, or $500 for a repeat offense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1976\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 1976\u003c/a>: Breastfeeding at work\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California already requires employers to provide a reasonable amount of time to breastfeed and a place for lactation that isn’t a toilet stall. AB 1976 now requires that area be outside the bathroom itself. Temporary locations are acceptable, as long as they’re private. Another bill, which would have legislated more specific requirements, was vetoed by Gov. Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB179\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 179\u003c/a>: Nonbinary gender option on official forms\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/436110/california-third-gender-nonbinary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gender Recognition Act \u003c/a>was passed in 2017, allowing Caifornians to change the gender on their birth certificates to “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/335790/boy-girl-both-neither-a-new-generation-overthrows-gender\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nonbinary\u003c/a>” instead of male or female. Now the rest of the law goes into effect. Starting Jan. 1, individuals can choose the nonbinary gender designation on \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/dmv/detail/dl/gender_id\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">driver’s licenses or state IDs\u003c/a>. People wanting to change their gender on those forms will also no longer have to provide a doctor’s authorization. The law, of course, does not apply to federal forms, such as passports, or documents issued by other states. (For more on the law, check out the Transgender Law Center \u003ca href=\"https://transgenderlawcenter.org/resources/id/ca-sb179\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fact sheet\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1448\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 1448\u003c/a>: Informing patients about physician misconduct\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a number of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/209413/nationwide-doctors-who-sexually-abuse-their-patients-continue-to-practice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">instances\u003c/a> in which doctors were allowed to continue practicing following sexual assault or misconduct, a movement ensued to arm the public with information about which physicians have been found culpable. Previously, patients could search an online database to see if their doctors were on probation, but that put the onus on the public. SB 1448 requires doctors to actively inform their patients if they’ve been disciplined by the regulatory board for the following: sexual misconduct involving a patient, drug abuse, criminal convictions involving harm to a patient, and inappropriate prescribing that resulted in patient harm. In July, the list of medical professionals required to proactively inform the public will expand to include surgeons, osteopaths, naturopathic doctors, chiropractors, podiatrists and acupuncturists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Also of interest …\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We note: A \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1138\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">law\u003c/a> requiring vegan meals to be offered in prisons and hospitals; \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one\u003c/a> phasing out drift gill-net fishing, which unintentionally snares marine mammals; and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2998\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">another\u003c/a> that phases out certain flame retardants by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jon Brooks contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1936016/the-most-important-new-california-environmental-and-health-laws-of-2019","authors":["1459"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_39","science_40"],"tags":["science_3370","science_101","science_140","science_113"],"featImg":"science_1936170","label":"source_science_1936016"},"science_1932359":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1932359","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1932359","score":null,"sort":[1538752785000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"harvard-study-finds-rise-of-wind-farms-could-induce-greater-warming-than-climate-change","title":"No Free Lunch for Renewables: Wind Power Causes Local Warming","publishDate":1538752785,"format":"standard","headTitle":"No Free Lunch for Renewables: Wind Power Causes Local Warming | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Ramping up wind power in America could also dial up the nation’s temperatures in the neighborhood of the wind farms, a new study out of Harvard found.[contextly_sidebar id=”JSXad718EhNubOe4ETT84QWtwbUWEEHj”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While wind energy is widely celebrated as environmentally friendly, the researchers concluded that a dramatic, all-out expansion in the number of turbines could warm the country even more than climate change from burning coal and other fossil fuels, because of the way the spinning blades disturb the layers of warm and cold air in the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some parts of the central United States are already seeing nights that are up to 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1.1 degrees Celsius) warmer because of nearby wind farms, said study lead author Lee Miller, an environmental scientist at Harvard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any big energy system has an environmental impact,” said Harvard engineering and physics professor David Keith, a study co-author. “There is no free lunch. You do wind on a scale big enough … it’ll change things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers and other scientists stressed that climate change from greenhouse gas emissions is clearly a far bigger threat globally and over the long term than turbine-caused warming, which is temporary and stops when the blades aren’t turning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the potential drawbacks, wind energy still makes more sense for the environment than fossil fuels, Keith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s just that advocates of wind power have been ignoring growing evidence of a downside, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the Harvard study, published Thursday in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/joule/home\">Joule\u003c/a> , found that in the unlikely event that the U.S. switched massively to wind to supply nearly all of its electricity, there would be so many turbines that on average the nation’s temperature would go up about 0.4 degrees (0.2 Celsius). Some central areas would see localized warming around 2.5 degrees (1.4 Celsius), though there would also be some cooling in places, such as the East Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, \u003ca href=\"https://eerscmap.usgs.gov/uswtdb/\">wind\u003c/a> provides 6.3 percent of the nation’s electricity, according to the American Wind Energy Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, which looked at just the United States, said that the turbines would cause more warming in the short term this century than the carbon dioxide America spews into the atmosphere would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason for this \u003ca href=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/292029786\">effect\u003c/a> : Normally the air is more still at night, with cold air staying near the surface and warmer air resting a little higher. But turbines bring the warm air down and cool air up, making the ground a bit toastier. The effect is seen less during the day but is still there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the effect from turbines is different from human-caused climate change. It mostly consists of warming, it’s local, and it’s temporary. When the turbines are still because the air is calm, there’s no warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change, in contrast, is a global effect that involves many more elements than temperature, such as sea level rise, extreme weather, melting glaciers and shifts in the jet stream. Even if a country stopped emitting greenhouse gases, it would still experience climate change if the rest of the world kept on polluting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Past studies have observed a temporary nighttime warming of as much as 2 degrees (1.1 Celsius) in places with lots of wind turbines, such as North Texas. The Harvard study took observations and used computer simulation to project what a dramatic increase in turbines would look like for temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other technologies considered environmentally friendly have their downsides, too. Nuclear energy has no carbon dioxide emissions, but there are concerns about waste, safety and cost. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/7250a40e0b1e49a5988ef31259728ef0\">ethanol\u003c/a> boom has wiped out habitats, led farmers to plow over prairies, caused water pollution and raised food prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind advocates emphasized that the Harvard study doesn’t show turbines causing global warming, just local heating.[contextly_sidebar id=”RIpsqIWy32bftHiHFliFPosDIJqCydsK”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the paper instead looked across the global and long-lasting timescales that matter, renewable resources would fare hundreds of times if not infinitely better than fossil resources,” Michael Goggin, vice president of Grid Strategies and a former researcher for a wind energy group, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ken Caldeira, a climate scientist at the Carnegie Institution for Science who wasn’t part of the research, said the study is sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The climate effect of burning fossil fuels is cumulative,” Caldeira said in an email. “The longer you run a coal plant, the worse the climate change gets. In contrast, the climate effect of wind turbines is what it is. You build the wind turbine. Climate is affected. But as long as you run the wind turbine, the climate change doesn’t get any worse. So in the long run, as far as the climate is concerned, wind turbines are obviously better than fossil fuels.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new study out of Harvard finds that ramping up wind power in America would also dial up the nation’s temperatures.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927424,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":826},"headData":{"title":"No Free Lunch for Renewables: Wind Power Causes Local Warming | KQED","description":"A new study out of Harvard finds that ramping up wind power in America would also dial up the nation’s temperatures.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Environment","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Seth Borenstein\u003cbr />The Associated Press","path":"/science/1932359/harvard-study-finds-rise-of-wind-farms-could-induce-greater-warming-than-climate-change","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ramping up wind power in America could also dial up the nation’s temperatures in the neighborhood of the wind farms, a new study out of Harvard found.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While wind energy is widely celebrated as environmentally friendly, the researchers concluded that a dramatic, all-out expansion in the number of turbines could warm the country even more than climate change from burning coal and other fossil fuels, because of the way the spinning blades disturb the layers of warm and cold air in the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some parts of the central United States are already seeing nights that are up to 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1.1 degrees Celsius) warmer because of nearby wind farms, said study lead author Lee Miller, an environmental scientist at Harvard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any big energy system has an environmental impact,” said Harvard engineering and physics professor David Keith, a study co-author. “There is no free lunch. You do wind on a scale big enough … it’ll change things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers and other scientists stressed that climate change from greenhouse gas emissions is clearly a far bigger threat globally and over the long term than turbine-caused warming, which is temporary and stops when the blades aren’t turning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the potential drawbacks, wind energy still makes more sense for the environment than fossil fuels, Keith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s just that advocates of wind power have been ignoring growing evidence of a downside, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the Harvard study, published Thursday in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/joule/home\">Joule\u003c/a> , found that in the unlikely event that the U.S. switched massively to wind to supply nearly all of its electricity, there would be so many turbines that on average the nation’s temperature would go up about 0.4 degrees (0.2 Celsius). Some central areas would see localized warming around 2.5 degrees (1.4 Celsius), though there would also be some cooling in places, such as the East Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, \u003ca href=\"https://eerscmap.usgs.gov/uswtdb/\">wind\u003c/a> provides 6.3 percent of the nation’s electricity, according to the American Wind Energy Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, which looked at just the United States, said that the turbines would cause more warming in the short term this century than the carbon dioxide America spews into the atmosphere would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason for this \u003ca href=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/292029786\">effect\u003c/a> : Normally the air is more still at night, with cold air staying near the surface and warmer air resting a little higher. But turbines bring the warm air down and cool air up, making the ground a bit toastier. The effect is seen less during the day but is still there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the effect from turbines is different from human-caused climate change. It mostly consists of warming, it’s local, and it’s temporary. When the turbines are still because the air is calm, there’s no warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change, in contrast, is a global effect that involves many more elements than temperature, such as sea level rise, extreme weather, melting glaciers and shifts in the jet stream. Even if a country stopped emitting greenhouse gases, it would still experience climate change if the rest of the world kept on polluting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Past studies have observed a temporary nighttime warming of as much as 2 degrees (1.1 Celsius) in places with lots of wind turbines, such as North Texas. The Harvard study took observations and used computer simulation to project what a dramatic increase in turbines would look like for temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other technologies considered environmentally friendly have their downsides, too. Nuclear energy has no carbon dioxide emissions, but there are concerns about waste, safety and cost. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/7250a40e0b1e49a5988ef31259728ef0\">ethanol\u003c/a> boom has wiped out habitats, led farmers to plow over prairies, caused water pollution and raised food prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind advocates emphasized that the Harvard study doesn’t show turbines causing global warming, just local heating.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the paper instead looked across the global and long-lasting timescales that matter, renewable resources would fare hundreds of times if not infinitely better than fossil resources,” Michael Goggin, vice president of Grid Strategies and a former researcher for a wind energy group, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ken Caldeira, a climate scientist at the Carnegie Institution for Science who wasn’t part of the research, said the study is sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The climate effect of burning fossil fuels is cumulative,” Caldeira said in an email. “The longer you run a coal plant, the worse the climate change gets. In contrast, the climate effect of wind turbines is what it is. You build the wind turbine. Climate is affected. But as long as you run the wind turbine, the climate change doesn’t get any worse. So in the long run, as far as the climate is concerned, wind turbines are obviously better than fossil fuels.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1932359/harvard-study-finds-rise-of-wind-farms-could-induce-greater-warming-than-climate-change","authors":["byline_science_1932359"],"categories":["science_31","science_33","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_194","science_192","science_556","science_140"],"featImg":"science_1932361","label":"source_science_1932359"},"science_1932219":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1932219","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1932219","score":null,"sort":[1538563833000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"two-americans-including-caltech-professor-win-nobel-prize-in-chemistry","title":"Three Scientists, Including Caltech Professor, Win Nobel Prize in Chemistry","publishDate":1538563833,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Three Scientists, Including Caltech Professor, Win Nobel Prize in Chemistry | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->Three researchers who “harnessed the power of evolution” to produce enzymes and antibodies that have led to a new best-selling drug and biofuels won the Nobel Prize in chemistry on Wednesday.[contextly_sidebar id=”7AwUAjsFlkcpSwxnmCZsoirAXyWvj1rJ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frances Arnold of the California Institute of Technology was awarded half of the 9-million-kronor ($1.01 million) prize, while the other half will be shared by George Smith of the University of Missouri and Gregory Winter of the MRC molecular biology lab in Cambridge, England.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, which chose the winners, said Arnold, 62, conducted the first directed evolution of enzymes, whose uses include “more environmentally friendly manufacturing of chemical substances such as pharmaceuticals and the production of renewable fuels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arnold is only the fifth woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize in chemistry since the prizes were first handed out in 1901.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Hartings, an associate professor of chemistry at American University in Washington, D.C., said “her work is incredible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hartings said the proteins that Arnold designed “do these really off-the-wall chemical things in record time.” He said her directed evolution approach has greatly helped chemists make enzymes do jobs that nature never intended, such as for industrial purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith, 77, developed a method to evolve new proteins and Winter used the method to evolve antibodies, which are disease-fighting proteins in the blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932229\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1932229\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-1020x628.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"394\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-1020x628.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-160x98.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-800x492.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-768x472.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-1200x738.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-1920x1181.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-1180x726.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-960x591.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-240x148.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-375x231.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-520x320.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" />\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A screen displays portraits of Frances H Arnold of the United States, George P Smith of the United States and Gregory P Winter of Great Britain during the announcement of the winners of the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemestry at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on October 3, 2018 in Stockholm. \u003ccite>(JONAS EKSTROMER/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first pharmaceutical based on Winter’s work was approved for use in 2002 and is employed to treat rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel diseases, the academy said. The chemical name of the drug is adalimumab, which has several trade named including Humira, one of the top-selling drugs in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith, speaking to The Associated Press after learning about this Nobel win, credited others for the work that led to his breakthrough.[contextly_sidebar id=”KmtHliyUDLrZHfCifzEXaVnWfYsObxyv”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Very few research breakthroughs are novel. Virtually all of them build on what went on before. It’s happenstance. That was certainly the case with my work,” he said Wednesday. “Mine was an idea in a line of research that built very naturally on the lines of research that went before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith said he learned of the prize in a pre-dawn phone call from Stockholm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a standard joke that someone with a Swedish accent calls and says ‘You won!’ But there was so much static on the line, I knew it wasn’t any of my friends,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>American Chemical Society president Peter Dorhout praised the Nobel winners, saying “the laureates have used chemistry to accelerate the evolution of natural biological molecules that act as the critical machinery for living organisms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The breakthroughs from these researchers enable that to occur thousands of times faster than nature to improve medicines, fuels and other products,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts said the developments for which the winners won the 2018 prize can be more ecological than many other chemical processes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enzymes “are what all we organisms use to make our chemicals. So if you can harness enzymes for your own purposes, this is often more environmentally friendly than using heavy metals or toxic substances to make your chemicals,” said Johan Aqvist, a member of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry.[contextly_sidebar id=”jTHAtk63E2HMPWhViD2oa4bQ2VpuPFqJ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other Nobel prizes this year, the medicine prize went Monday to James Allison of the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center and Tasuku Honjo of Kyoto University, who learned how to release the brakes that cancer can put on the immune system, discoveries that helped cancer doctors fight many advanced-stage tumors and save an “untold” numbers of lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists from the United States, Canada and France shared the physics prize Tuesday for revolutionizing the use of lasers in research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arthur Ashkin became the oldest Nobel Prize laureate at 96, while Donna Strickland of the University of Waterloo in Canada became only the third woman to win a physics Nobel. Strickland had worked with the third winner, Frenchman Gerard Mourou of the Ecole Polytechnique and the University of Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The winner of the Nobel Peace Prize is to be announced Friday. The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, honoring Alfred Nobel, the man who endowed the five Nobel Prizes, will be revealed on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No Nobel literature prize will be awarded this year due to a sex abuse scandal at the Swedish Academy, which chooses the winner. The academy plans to announce both the 2018 and the 2019 winner next year — although the head of the Nobel Foundation has said the body must fix its tarnished reputation first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man at the center of the Swedish Academy scandal, Jean-Claude Arnault, a major cultural figure in Sweden, was sentenced Monday to two years in prison for rape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heintz reported from Moscow. Malcolm Ritter and Chris Chester in New York contributed to this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Frances Arnold of Caltech was awarded half the prize for work that led to more environmentally friendly manufacturing of chemicals and in the production of renewable fuels.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927435,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":870},"headData":{"title":"Three Scientists, Including Caltech Professor, Win Nobel Prize in Chemistry | KQED","description":"Frances Arnold of Caltech was awarded half the prize for work that led to more environmentally friendly manufacturing of chemicals and in the production of renewable fuels.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Events","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Jim Heintz\u003cbr />David Keyton\u003cbr />The Associated Press","path":"/science/1932219/two-americans-including-caltech-professor-win-nobel-prize-in-chemistry","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->Three researchers who “harnessed the power of evolution” to produce enzymes and antibodies that have led to a new best-selling drug and biofuels won the Nobel Prize in chemistry on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frances Arnold of the California Institute of Technology was awarded half of the 9-million-kronor ($1.01 million) prize, while the other half will be shared by George Smith of the University of Missouri and Gregory Winter of the MRC molecular biology lab in Cambridge, England.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, which chose the winners, said Arnold, 62, conducted the first directed evolution of enzymes, whose uses include “more environmentally friendly manufacturing of chemical substances such as pharmaceuticals and the production of renewable fuels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arnold is only the fifth woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize in chemistry since the prizes were first handed out in 1901.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Hartings, an associate professor of chemistry at American University in Washington, D.C., said “her work is incredible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hartings said the proteins that Arnold designed “do these really off-the-wall chemical things in record time.” He said her directed evolution approach has greatly helped chemists make enzymes do jobs that nature never intended, such as for industrial purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith, 77, developed a method to evolve new proteins and Winter used the method to evolve antibodies, which are disease-fighting proteins in the blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932229\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1932229\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-1020x628.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"394\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-1020x628.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-160x98.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-800x492.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-768x472.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-1200x738.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-1920x1181.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-1180x726.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-960x591.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-240x148.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-375x231.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-520x320.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" />\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A screen displays portraits of Frances H Arnold of the United States, George P Smith of the United States and Gregory P Winter of Great Britain during the announcement of the winners of the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemestry at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on October 3, 2018 in Stockholm. \u003ccite>(JONAS EKSTROMER/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first pharmaceutical based on Winter’s work was approved for use in 2002 and is employed to treat rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel diseases, the academy said. The chemical name of the drug is adalimumab, which has several trade named including Humira, one of the top-selling drugs in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith, speaking to The Associated Press after learning about this Nobel win, credited others for the work that led to his breakthrough.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Very few research breakthroughs are novel. Virtually all of them build on what went on before. It’s happenstance. That was certainly the case with my work,” he said Wednesday. “Mine was an idea in a line of research that built very naturally on the lines of research that went before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith said he learned of the prize in a pre-dawn phone call from Stockholm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a standard joke that someone with a Swedish accent calls and says ‘You won!’ But there was so much static on the line, I knew it wasn’t any of my friends,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>American Chemical Society president Peter Dorhout praised the Nobel winners, saying “the laureates have used chemistry to accelerate the evolution of natural biological molecules that act as the critical machinery for living organisms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The breakthroughs from these researchers enable that to occur thousands of times faster than nature to improve medicines, fuels and other products,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts said the developments for which the winners won the 2018 prize can be more ecological than many other chemical processes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enzymes “are what all we organisms use to make our chemicals. So if you can harness enzymes for your own purposes, this is often more environmentally friendly than using heavy metals or toxic substances to make your chemicals,” said Johan Aqvist, a member of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other Nobel prizes this year, the medicine prize went Monday to James Allison of the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center and Tasuku Honjo of Kyoto University, who learned how to release the brakes that cancer can put on the immune system, discoveries that helped cancer doctors fight many advanced-stage tumors and save an “untold” numbers of lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists from the United States, Canada and France shared the physics prize Tuesday for revolutionizing the use of lasers in research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arthur Ashkin became the oldest Nobel Prize laureate at 96, while Donna Strickland of the University of Waterloo in Canada became only the third woman to win a physics Nobel. Strickland had worked with the third winner, Frenchman Gerard Mourou of the Ecole Polytechnique and the University of Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The winner of the Nobel Peace Prize is to be announced Friday. The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, honoring Alfred Nobel, the man who endowed the five Nobel Prizes, will be revealed on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No Nobel literature prize will be awarded this year due to a sex abuse scandal at the Swedish Academy, which chooses the winner. The academy plans to announce both the 2018 and the 2019 winner next year — although the head of the Nobel Foundation has said the body must fix its tarnished reputation first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man at the center of the Swedish Academy scandal, Jean-Claude Arnault, a major cultural figure in Sweden, was sentenced Monday to two years in prison for rape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heintz reported from Moscow. Malcolm Ritter and Chris Chester in New York contributed to this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1932219/two-americans-including-caltech-professor-win-nobel-prize-in-chemistry","authors":["byline_science_1932219"],"categories":["science_29","science_37","science_40"],"tags":["science_798","science_1943","science_140","science_309"],"featImg":"science_1932228","label":"source_science_1932219"},"science_1931109":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1931109","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1931109","score":null,"sort":[1536777906000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"san-francisco-is-hosting-a-different-kind-of-climate-summit","title":"San Francisco is Hosting a Different Kind of Climate Summit","publishDate":1536777906,"format":"standard","headTitle":"San Francisco is Hosting a Different Kind of Climate Summit | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The international effort to fight climate change is about to get injected with a bit of Hollywood flash, a lot of Wall Street green and a considerable dose of cheerleading rather than dry treaty negotiations.[contextly_sidebar id=”Yb2a0x3YAd4RTm0kz5Bc6CEkDTtu4G5d”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Business leaders, mayors, governors and activists from around the world gather this week in San Francisco for the Global Climate Action \u003ca href=\"http://globalclimateactionsummit.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Summit,\u003c/a> where participants will trumpet what they’ve done and announce new efforts to slow a warming world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, a smattering of celebrities such as musician Dave Matthews and actor Alec Baldwin will add a touch of red carpet feel to the summit, which starts Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will involve trillions of dollars of pledges for spending on cleaner energy and getting out of investments in heat-trapping fossil fuels, according to officials involved. And it will include a newer way of fighting climate change by emphasizing more climate-friendly land use, food production and diets, along with massive increases in forests — something one expert called “the forgotten climate solution.” Cities, states, businesses and charitable foundations are all going to get in the act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a bit like a game show,” said summit communications director Nick Nuttall. “It’s going to be loads of Hollywood style announcements.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when you are talking about shifting trillions of dollars to finance initiatives, the private sector needs to get involved and that’s happening, said Nigel Purvis, chief executive officer of the non-profit Climate Advisers and a former climate negotiator in the Bill Clinton and George W. Bush administrations.[contextly_sidebar id=”GXYePyYLCDsstNgGhzpaVBd6RJrlt6Au”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the climate action summit, emphasis on the action,” Purvis said. “Despite the lack of leadership from Washington, it’s really about action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But so far such pledges have produced more talk than action, said Angel Hsu, an environment professor at Yale University and the National University of Singapore. She is the lead author of a United Nations report released Monday on what businesses, states and local governments can do and already have done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That report says businesses and lower levels of government have the potential to cut enough greenhouse gases emissions to keep global warming below the danger point of another 2 degrees Fahrenheit (nearly 1 degree Celsius) from now. However, the same report says so far, 8,000 pledges from those groups haven’t accomplished much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To keep from hitting that 2 degree mark, the world has to cut its expected annual emissions by nearly 15 billion tons of carbon dioxide equivalent by 2030, including what’s pledged in the 2015 Paris climate agreement. The businesses and states basically get about 4 percent there, according to Hsu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not much,” she said. “We were actually shocked to find that the numbers were so low.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hsu also looked at pledges made in 2002 in a South Africa conference and found that 65 percent of the pledges had no records showing they were acted upon.[contextly_sidebar id=”aHD9piQr1mU1uZI6UktZuxoQMUihYsvu”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week’s summit aims to create momentum for 2020 when world leaders return to the bargaining table to pledge even deeper cuts of heat-trapping emissions than set out in 2015, said Christiana Figueres, the former top United Nations climate official. She proposed this summit right after the Paris agreement was signed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is sort of the real economy speaking for itself,” Figueres said. She hopes the summit creates a “virtuous cycle” where businesses and states spur national governments to do better, which in turn spurs businesses again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pete Ogden, a former Obama climate and national security official and now a vice president at the United Nations Foundation, said “if Paris is going to work it needs to have that positive feedback loop.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Showing what people closer to the action can do and are doing to fight global warming will help global leaders pledge to do more when they gather in 2020, Ogden and Figueres said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key for Canada is phasing out coal — the dirtiest fossil fuel — by 2030, said Canadian environment minister Catherine McKenna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really important to showcase that the world is moving forward on climate action,” McKenna said. “Everyone is acting on climate change not only because it is the right thing to do but also because there’s a huge economic opportunity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the market gets on board on with climate friendly actions, she said, that makes “the billions flow into trillions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Business leaders, mayors, governors and activists from around the world gather this week in San Francisco for the Global Climate Action Summit.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927504,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":780},"headData":{"title":"San Francisco is Hosting a Different Kind of Climate Summit | KQED","description":"Business leaders, mayors, governors and activists from around the world gather this week in San Francisco for the Global Climate Action Summit.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Events","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Seth Borenstein\u003cbr />The Associated Press","path":"/science/1931109/san-francisco-is-hosting-a-different-kind-of-climate-summit","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The international effort to fight climate change is about to get injected with a bit of Hollywood flash, a lot of Wall Street green and a considerable dose of cheerleading rather than dry treaty negotiations.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Business leaders, mayors, governors and activists from around the world gather this week in San Francisco for the Global Climate Action \u003ca href=\"http://globalclimateactionsummit.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Summit,\u003c/a> where participants will trumpet what they’ve done and announce new efforts to slow a warming world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, a smattering of celebrities such as musician Dave Matthews and actor Alec Baldwin will add a touch of red carpet feel to the summit, which starts Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will involve trillions of dollars of pledges for spending on cleaner energy and getting out of investments in heat-trapping fossil fuels, according to officials involved. And it will include a newer way of fighting climate change by emphasizing more climate-friendly land use, food production and diets, along with massive increases in forests — something one expert called “the forgotten climate solution.” Cities, states, businesses and charitable foundations are all going to get in the act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a bit like a game show,” said summit communications director Nick Nuttall. “It’s going to be loads of Hollywood style announcements.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when you are talking about shifting trillions of dollars to finance initiatives, the private sector needs to get involved and that’s happening, said Nigel Purvis, chief executive officer of the non-profit Climate Advisers and a former climate negotiator in the Bill Clinton and George W. Bush administrations.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the climate action summit, emphasis on the action,” Purvis said. “Despite the lack of leadership from Washington, it’s really about action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But so far such pledges have produced more talk than action, said Angel Hsu, an environment professor at Yale University and the National University of Singapore. She is the lead author of a United Nations report released Monday on what businesses, states and local governments can do and already have done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That report says businesses and lower levels of government have the potential to cut enough greenhouse gases emissions to keep global warming below the danger point of another 2 degrees Fahrenheit (nearly 1 degree Celsius) from now. However, the same report says so far, 8,000 pledges from those groups haven’t accomplished much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To keep from hitting that 2 degree mark, the world has to cut its expected annual emissions by nearly 15 billion tons of carbon dioxide equivalent by 2030, including what’s pledged in the 2015 Paris climate agreement. The businesses and states basically get about 4 percent there, according to Hsu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not much,” she said. “We were actually shocked to find that the numbers were so low.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hsu also looked at pledges made in 2002 in a South Africa conference and found that 65 percent of the pledges had no records showing they were acted upon.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week’s summit aims to create momentum for 2020 when world leaders return to the bargaining table to pledge even deeper cuts of heat-trapping emissions than set out in 2015, said Christiana Figueres, the former top United Nations climate official. She proposed this summit right after the Paris agreement was signed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is sort of the real economy speaking for itself,” Figueres said. She hopes the summit creates a “virtuous cycle” where businesses and states spur national governments to do better, which in turn spurs businesses again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pete Ogden, a former Obama climate and national security official and now a vice president at the United Nations Foundation, said “if Paris is going to work it needs to have that positive feedback loop.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Showing what people closer to the action can do and are doing to fight global warming will help global leaders pledge to do more when they gather in 2020, Ogden and Figueres said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key for Canada is phasing out coal — the dirtiest fossil fuel — by 2030, said Canadian environment minister Catherine McKenna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really important to showcase that the world is moving forward on climate action,” McKenna said. “Everyone is acting on climate change not only because it is the right thing to do but also because there’s a huge economic opportunity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the market gets on board on with climate friendly actions, she said, that makes “the billions flow into trillions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1931109/san-francisco-is-hosting-a-different-kind-of-climate-summit","authors":["byline_science_1931109"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_37","science_40"],"tags":["science_2889","science_194","science_192","science_140"],"featImg":"science_1930779","label":"source_science_1931109"},"science_1930465":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1930465","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1930465","score":null,"sort":[1535566829000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-sets-goal-of-100-percent-clean-energy-by-2045","title":"California Ups the Ante: 100 Percent Clean Energy by 2045","publishDate":1535566829,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Ups the Ante: 100 Percent Clean Energy by 2045 | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>California appears to be on a path toward one of the nation’s most ambitious clean-energy goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Golden State, which is also the world’s fifth largest economy, would accelerate its efforts to generate most of the state’s energy from carbon-free sources and set a goal of phasing out fossil fuels entirely by 2045 under legislation approved Tuesday by state lawmakers.[contextly_sidebar id=”nvTwhrfxI0g5rP5e2wA4N38fsjL8BBjb”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>If signed by Gov. Jerry Brown, the bill will require California utilities to get half their energy from wind, solar and other specific renewable sources by 2026 — four years sooner than current law requires.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>They would then have four more years to get 60 percent from renewables. The 2045 deadline of phasing out fossil fuels is a goal that does not include mandates or penalties. Hawaii is the only other U.S. state that has set the future bar at 100 percent renewables.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>The California measure by Democratic Sen. Kevin de Leon, who is running for U.S. Senate, got a last-minute celebrity endorsement when former Vice President Al Gore and actor and former Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger wrote letters in support. Other actors, including Leonardo DiCaprio, Chris Hemsworth and Mark Ruffalo, have tweeted their support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, state legislators proved to the world that climate leadership is alive and well in California, even if it’s absent in Washington D.C.,” said Laura Wisland, senior energy manager at the Union of Concerned Scientists in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>It was one of more than 100 bills voted on Tuesday by the Senate and Assembly as lawmakers speed toward a Friday deadline to finish their business for the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”qOTEdofIBXnowPV97gyjNeLTZC35IoMn”]\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>Most Democrats cheered the renewable energy bill as another way for California to show global leadership in addressing climate change by charting a path for other large economies to follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>“We have to be a leader. We have to show what can be done,” said Assemblyman Bill Quirk, a Hayward Democrat. “If we can get to 100 percent renewables, others will as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>Quirk, a scientist who has worked on climate change research, said he wasn’t sure if the new goals were feasible, but the state must try.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans, joined by a handful of moderate Democrats, said the legislation would saddle families and businesses with higher energy bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>“Why would this body double-down and further increase costs on struggling California families?” said Steven Choi, R-Irvine.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>The new goal is a big leap from the state’s current farthest-reaching goal of 50 percent renewables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One hundred percent is a whole other ball of wax,” says Lucas Davis, an energy economist at UC Berkeley, “because of all of a sudden you’re not being able to rely on natural gas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phasing out fossil fuels would be a massive change in the energy grid. Utilities rely on natural gas plants to meet demand when renewables fall short, particularly in the early evening when the sun sets and people turn on their air conditioners as they get home from work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Renewable energy experts have looked to batteries that can store \u003ca href=\"https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/articles/2018-05-21/commentary-californias-new-rooftop-mandate-solar-power-enthusiasts-not-impressed\">solar energy \u003c/a>generated in the afternoon as one possible solution, but the technology is not ready for widescale deployment.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press writers Kathleen Ronayne, Don Thompson and Sophia Bollag, as well as KQED Science staff contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Only Hawaii has a similarly ambitious path to clean energy -- but the California bill carries no penalties for falling short.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927540,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":585},"headData":{"title":"California Ups the Ante: 100 Percent Clean Energy by 2045 | KQED","description":"Only Hawaii has a similarly ambitious path to clean energy -- but the California bill carries no penalties for falling short.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Climate","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Jonathan J. Cooper\u003cbr />The Associated Press","path":"/science/1930465/california-sets-goal-of-100-percent-clean-energy-by-2045","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California appears to be on a path toward one of the nation’s most ambitious clean-energy goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Golden State, which is also the world’s fifth largest economy, would accelerate its efforts to generate most of the state’s energy from carbon-free sources and set a goal of phasing out fossil fuels entirely by 2045 under legislation approved Tuesday by state lawmakers.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>If signed by Gov. Jerry Brown, the bill will require California utilities to get half their energy from wind, solar and other specific renewable sources by 2026 — four years sooner than current law requires.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>They would then have four more years to get 60 percent from renewables. The 2045 deadline of phasing out fossil fuels is a goal that does not include mandates or penalties. Hawaii is the only other U.S. state that has set the future bar at 100 percent renewables.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>The California measure by Democratic Sen. Kevin de Leon, who is running for U.S. Senate, got a last-minute celebrity endorsement when former Vice President Al Gore and actor and former Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger wrote letters in support. Other actors, including Leonardo DiCaprio, Chris Hemsworth and Mark Ruffalo, have tweeted their support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, state legislators proved to the world that climate leadership is alive and well in California, even if it’s absent in Washington D.C.,” said Laura Wisland, senior energy manager at the Union of Concerned Scientists in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>It was one of more than 100 bills voted on Tuesday by the Senate and Assembly as lawmakers speed toward a Friday deadline to finish their business for the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>Most Democrats cheered the renewable energy bill as another way for California to show global leadership in addressing climate change by charting a path for other large economies to follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>“We have to be a leader. We have to show what can be done,” said Assemblyman Bill Quirk, a Hayward Democrat. “If we can get to 100 percent renewables, others will as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>Quirk, a scientist who has worked on climate change research, said he wasn’t sure if the new goals were feasible, but the state must try.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans, joined by a handful of moderate Democrats, said the legislation would saddle families and businesses with higher energy bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>“Why would this body double-down and further increase costs on struggling California families?” said Steven Choi, R-Irvine.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>The new goal is a big leap from the state’s current farthest-reaching goal of 50 percent renewables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One hundred percent is a whole other ball of wax,” says Lucas Davis, an energy economist at UC Berkeley, “because of all of a sudden you’re not being able to rely on natural gas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phasing out fossil fuels would be a massive change in the energy grid. Utilities rely on natural gas plants to meet demand when renewables fall short, particularly in the early evening when the sun sets and people turn on their air conditioners as they get home from work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Renewable energy experts have looked to batteries that can store \u003ca href=\"https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/articles/2018-05-21/commentary-californias-new-rooftop-mandate-solar-power-enthusiasts-not-impressed\">solar energy \u003c/a>generated in the afternoon as one possible solution, but the technology is not ready for widescale deployment.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press writers Kathleen Ronayne, Don Thompson and Sophia Bollag, as well as KQED Science staff contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1930465/california-sets-goal-of-100-percent-clean-energy-by-2045","authors":["byline_science_1930465"],"categories":["science_31","science_33","science_35","science_37","science_40"],"tags":["science_1627","science_194","science_192","science_3370","science_140"],"featImg":"science_1312189","label":"source_science_1930465"},"science_1930278":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1930278","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1930278","score":null,"sort":[1535064579000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"is-californias-bid-to-lead-the-world-on-climate-solutions-paying-off-at-home","title":"Is California’s Bid to Lead the World on Climate Solutions Paying Off At Home?","publishDate":1535064579,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Is California’s Bid to Lead the World on Climate Solutions Paying Off At Home? | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>It was Arnold Schwarzenegger at his most persuasive: The then-California governor laid out an audacious vision, borrowed from legislators, of the Golden State leading the world in fighting the damaging effects of climate change.[contextly_sidebar id=”4yjW5TIki5aMYR51Brh8CffNfLwFPXf3″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal’s sweep was as expansive as the Governator’s sculpted chest. The Global Warming Solutions Act passed on the last day of the legislative session in 2006, with a promise that its suite of carbon-cutting goals would not only do no harm to California’s economy but would expand it, ushering in green jobs and attracting investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law also required state agencies to consult with experts to provide periodic analysis of any effect on California’s economic health. But those infrequent and complex reports have merely proved why economics is the dismal science: There’s fuzzy math on all sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, the world’s fifth-largest economy, spends billions of dollars every year to support its dozens of climate-change programs but has trouble demonstrating whether the promise of the law that spawned them has been kept.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though a separate state law requires economic analysis of major regulations, there is no requirement for a retrospective review. Environmental authorities calculate projections rather than audit the past, a \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/reports/2017/3542/Improving-CA-Regulatory-Analysis-020317.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">problem\u003c/a>\u003c/u> identified by the Legislative Analyst’s Office, which is preparing its own analysis for release later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it has been virtually impossible to tell whether the state’s regulations to reduce \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/checking-the-math-on-cap-and-trade-some-experts-say-its-not-adding-up/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">industrial emissions\u003c/a>, its demand that utilities use renewable energy and its push for residential solar panels have saved consumers money or added costs, driven businesses out or created new ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwarzenegger has been steadfast in saying the environmental laws he helped put in motion have outperformed expectations.[contextly_sidebar id=”9B9vsyp6osADOiOtCkkb2Af7I0LXkIXS”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were told so many times by business leaders when we passed these environmental laws that businesses were going to leave the state, that the unemployment rate is going to rise, and it would be the end of our economy,” the former governor said in a speech in Vienna in June. “Quite the opposite has happened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the promised benefits were that gross state product would increase on the order of $7 billion in 2020, and 100,000 new jobs would be added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with 2020 only 16 months away, it’s unclear whether those numbers will pan out. The state has produced no reliable evidence linking growth so far to climate policies. And economists say it’s nearly impossible to parse whether California’s good fortunes are the result of the environmental laws or despite them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even Mary Nichols, head of the California Air Resources Board, which developed the blueprint for implementation of the original law and those that have built on it, has expressed frustration. In a \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/board/mt/2017/mt012717.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">meeting\u003c/a>\u003c/u> last year, she appeared dissatisfied that the agency’s broad claims of economic benefit weren’t reflected more clearly in its projections, particularly concerning the state-run cap-and-trade system that limits how much companies are permitted to pollute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Considering the stakes, hers was a breathtakingly candid admission: “We still don’t have the ability to capture, in any kind of models that seem to be available to us, at least some of the elements that we are intuitively claiming,” Nichols said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I’m wondering,” she went on, “if we have failed, in some way, to…do the kind of research that needs to be done, whether there’s a way to get that kind of research done, so that we’d have a better basis to use economics in decision making.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board’s most recent projections are for the year 2030, outlined in a 132-page \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/scoping_plan_2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a>\u003c/u>. With most factors weighed, the document says, California’s climate policies could reduce the economy by .03 percent—a negligible effect, according to economists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28691\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-28691\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/mary_nichols-028-300x202.jpg\" alt=\"Mary Nichols chairs the California Air Resources Board. Photo by Carl Costas/CALmatters\" width=\"450\" height=\"303\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mary Nichols chairs the California Air Resources Board. Photo by Carl Costas/CALmatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And California appears well on the way to meeting its nearest goals for cutting greenhouse gases: reducing them over the next two years to what they were in 1990.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, said \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"http://www.econ.ucdavis.edu/people/bushnell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">James Bushnell\u003c/a>\u003c/u>, an environmental economist at the University of California, Davis, “I think we oversold the argument this was going to cause growth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All we can really say is that the California economy is growing and doing well” right now, said Bushnell, who has twice participated in state review panels on the economic impact of environmental policy. “Everything else I would take with a huge boulder of salt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Kevin de León says jobs growth can be traced directly to California’s continuing climate policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Coming off the worst economic recession we had, we created upwards of 500,000 jobs in the clean-energy space. That’s 500,000 jobs that didn’t exist were it not for the policies of the Senate, Assembly and the governor,” said de León, a Democrat from Los Angeles who is running to unseat U.S. Sen. Dianne Feinstein in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His claim is an oft-cited \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://info.aee.net/advanced-energy-jobs-in-california-2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statistic\u003c/a>\u003c/u>. But many researchers say that measurement doesn’t distinguish between new jobs that add to the workforce and jobs that merely supplant old ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at UC Berkeley \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"http://laborcenter.berkeley.edu/job-impacts-ca-rps/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimate\u003c/a>\u003c/u> the state’s mandate that utilities get half of their power from renewable sources by 2030 will have created as many as 429,000 construction jobs from 2015 to 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, labor unions and trade groups cite employment bumps whenever renewable-energy projects or other green mandates are rolled out. But much of that work is temporary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tricky task of projecting employment was noted by the \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/reports/2010/rsrc/ab32_impact/ab32_impact_030410.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">legislative analyst\u003c/a>\u003c/u> in 2010, when it found that the air board “was not able to provide reliable estimates of the jobs impacts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One mandate of the 2006 law was that the state consider the “maximum technologically feasible and cost-effective reduction” of greenhouse gases. That caution was meant to protect California companies from suddenly absorbing undue burdens to comply.[contextly_sidebar id=”XYdFcHqhM3aNYGs4tzaxVXtXuR9lgldj”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rob Lapsley, president of the California Business Roundtable, which represents major employers in the state, said he supports the climate goals and agrees that so far the implementation of related policies hasn’t harmed the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he added that companies have spent billions undertaking expensive changes to processing plants and manufacturing facilities in order to lower their emissions. And business leaders are concerned about what happens as greenhouse-gas restrictions become even tougher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They understand that the next round of implementation could have Draconian impacts to cost,” Lapsley said, adding that some companies are reluctant to relocate to the state because of that uncertainty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He declined to name any of those firms. And some experts say there’s often a host of reasons, including high taxes and soaring housing costs, that companies shy from establishing themselves in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials insist that California has wisely positioned itself to capitalize on the economy of the future, and they note that technology firms are busy developing next-generation batteries and innovating other carbon-free responses to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many benefits derived from California’s climate policies come at a price. The Air Resources Board says the state has spent more than $8 billion in the last four years to keep the programs running.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fiscal year 2017-18, the Legislature and Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"http://www.caclimateinvestments.ca.gov/about-cci\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">appropriated\u003c/a> more than $2.7 billion to support greenhouse-gas reduction. The current budget allocates $1.5 billion. Nearly $53 million goes to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/adminfee/revenue.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">air board\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State support takes many forms. Since 2009, for example, California has offered rebates on the purchase of electric or hydrogen-fuel vehicles, which may cost more than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s part of an effort to meet the governor’s target of putting 5 million \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/californias-climate-fight-gets-harder-soon-big-culprit-cars/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">electric cars\u003c/a> on California roads in the next 12 years. The state plans to put $1.4 billion into electric-vehicle infrastructure and more rebates over the next seven years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials say these are all monies well spent, that every dollar used to fight climate change attracts $6 of \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/capandtrade/auctionproceeds/2018_cci_annual_report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">investment\u003c/a>\u003c/u>. That figure reflects, in part, investment generated by state-funded grants to help companies retrofit or buy new emissions-reducing equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-55157\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/health-graphic-600x240.jpg\" alt=\"Officials say carbon-cutting measures protect public health. Source: Air Resources Board\" width=\"600\" height=\"240\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">Officials say carbon-cutting measures protect public health. Source: Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">Officials also say climate laws will save the state as much as $11 billion in “avoided social costs”—lost productivity and even public health outlays—by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the state says businesses and consumers alike will save money over time, through lower costs for power. For example, the mandate that beginning in 2020 new homes must have solar panels could add as much as $10,000 to house prices, but officials say those sums can be recouped over years of ownership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the board convened a symposium of esteemed economists, put them in a room for two days and asked them to devise the most effective formula to measure the economic effect of California’s environmental policies. They failed, disagreeing about which model to use, which assumptions to include and even about the advisability of making projections so far into the future about something as volatile as California’s nation-state economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The absence of any consensus then or since suggests how difficult real analysis is. “It’s an issue that we’ve been wrestling with,” said Emily Wimberger, the air board’s chief economist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a million things influencing these numbers,” said Chris Thornberg, founding partner at the Beacon Economics consulting firm. The idea that it’s possible to measure the influence of climate policies “is ridiculous.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California spends billions of dollars per year to support its climate-change programs but has trouble demonstrating whether the promise of the law that spawned them has been kept.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927549,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":41,"wordCount":1695},"headData":{"title":"Is California’s Bid to Lead the World on Climate Solutions Paying Off At Home? | KQED","description":"California spends billions of dollars per year to support its climate-change programs but has trouble demonstrating whether the promise of the law that spawned them has been kept.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"CALmatters","sourceUrl":"https://calmatters.org/","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Julie Cart\u003c/br>CALmatters","path":"/science/1930278/is-californias-bid-to-lead-the-world-on-climate-solutions-paying-off-at-home","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It was Arnold Schwarzenegger at his most persuasive: The then-California governor laid out an audacious vision, borrowed from legislators, of the Golden State leading the world in fighting the damaging effects of climate change.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal’s sweep was as expansive as the Governator’s sculpted chest. The Global Warming Solutions Act passed on the last day of the legislative session in 2006, with a promise that its suite of carbon-cutting goals would not only do no harm to California’s economy but would expand it, ushering in green jobs and attracting investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law also required state agencies to consult with experts to provide periodic analysis of any effect on California’s economic health. But those infrequent and complex reports have merely proved why economics is the dismal science: There’s fuzzy math on all sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, the world’s fifth-largest economy, spends billions of dollars every year to support its dozens of climate-change programs but has trouble demonstrating whether the promise of the law that spawned them has been kept.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though a separate state law requires economic analysis of major regulations, there is no requirement for a retrospective review. Environmental authorities calculate projections rather than audit the past, a \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/reports/2017/3542/Improving-CA-Regulatory-Analysis-020317.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">problem\u003c/a>\u003c/u> identified by the Legislative Analyst’s Office, which is preparing its own analysis for release later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it has been virtually impossible to tell whether the state’s regulations to reduce \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/checking-the-math-on-cap-and-trade-some-experts-say-its-not-adding-up/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">industrial emissions\u003c/a>, its demand that utilities use renewable energy and its push for residential solar panels have saved consumers money or added costs, driven businesses out or created new ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwarzenegger has been steadfast in saying the environmental laws he helped put in motion have outperformed expectations.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were told so many times by business leaders when we passed these environmental laws that businesses were going to leave the state, that the unemployment rate is going to rise, and it would be the end of our economy,” the former governor said in a speech in Vienna in June. “Quite the opposite has happened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the promised benefits were that gross state product would increase on the order of $7 billion in 2020, and 100,000 new jobs would be added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with 2020 only 16 months away, it’s unclear whether those numbers will pan out. The state has produced no reliable evidence linking growth so far to climate policies. And economists say it’s nearly impossible to parse whether California’s good fortunes are the result of the environmental laws or despite them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even Mary Nichols, head of the California Air Resources Board, which developed the blueprint for implementation of the original law and those that have built on it, has expressed frustration. In a \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/board/mt/2017/mt012717.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">meeting\u003c/a>\u003c/u> last year, she appeared dissatisfied that the agency’s broad claims of economic benefit weren’t reflected more clearly in its projections, particularly concerning the state-run cap-and-trade system that limits how much companies are permitted to pollute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Considering the stakes, hers was a breathtakingly candid admission: “We still don’t have the ability to capture, in any kind of models that seem to be available to us, at least some of the elements that we are intuitively claiming,” Nichols said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I’m wondering,” she went on, “if we have failed, in some way, to…do the kind of research that needs to be done, whether there’s a way to get that kind of research done, so that we’d have a better basis to use economics in decision making.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board’s most recent projections are for the year 2030, outlined in a 132-page \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/scoping_plan_2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a>\u003c/u>. With most factors weighed, the document says, California’s climate policies could reduce the economy by .03 percent—a negligible effect, according to economists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28691\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-28691\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/mary_nichols-028-300x202.jpg\" alt=\"Mary Nichols chairs the California Air Resources Board. Photo by Carl Costas/CALmatters\" width=\"450\" height=\"303\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mary Nichols chairs the California Air Resources Board. Photo by Carl Costas/CALmatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And California appears well on the way to meeting its nearest goals for cutting greenhouse gases: reducing them over the next two years to what they were in 1990.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, said \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"http://www.econ.ucdavis.edu/people/bushnell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">James Bushnell\u003c/a>\u003c/u>, an environmental economist at the University of California, Davis, “I think we oversold the argument this was going to cause growth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All we can really say is that the California economy is growing and doing well” right now, said Bushnell, who has twice participated in state review panels on the economic impact of environmental policy. “Everything else I would take with a huge boulder of salt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Kevin de León says jobs growth can be traced directly to California’s continuing climate policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Coming off the worst economic recession we had, we created upwards of 500,000 jobs in the clean-energy space. That’s 500,000 jobs that didn’t exist were it not for the policies of the Senate, Assembly and the governor,” said de León, a Democrat from Los Angeles who is running to unseat U.S. Sen. Dianne Feinstein in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His claim is an oft-cited \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://info.aee.net/advanced-energy-jobs-in-california-2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statistic\u003c/a>\u003c/u>. But many researchers say that measurement doesn’t distinguish between new jobs that add to the workforce and jobs that merely supplant old ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at UC Berkeley \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"http://laborcenter.berkeley.edu/job-impacts-ca-rps/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimate\u003c/a>\u003c/u> the state’s mandate that utilities get half of their power from renewable sources by 2030 will have created as many as 429,000 construction jobs from 2015 to 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, labor unions and trade groups cite employment bumps whenever renewable-energy projects or other green mandates are rolled out. But much of that work is temporary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tricky task of projecting employment was noted by the \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/reports/2010/rsrc/ab32_impact/ab32_impact_030410.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">legislative analyst\u003c/a>\u003c/u> in 2010, when it found that the air board “was not able to provide reliable estimates of the jobs impacts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One mandate of the 2006 law was that the state consider the “maximum technologically feasible and cost-effective reduction” of greenhouse gases. That caution was meant to protect California companies from suddenly absorbing undue burdens to comply.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rob Lapsley, president of the California Business Roundtable, which represents major employers in the state, said he supports the climate goals and agrees that so far the implementation of related policies hasn’t harmed the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he added that companies have spent billions undertaking expensive changes to processing plants and manufacturing facilities in order to lower their emissions. And business leaders are concerned about what happens as greenhouse-gas restrictions become even tougher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They understand that the next round of implementation could have Draconian impacts to cost,” Lapsley said, adding that some companies are reluctant to relocate to the state because of that uncertainty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He declined to name any of those firms. And some experts say there’s often a host of reasons, including high taxes and soaring housing costs, that companies shy from establishing themselves in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials insist that California has wisely positioned itself to capitalize on the economy of the future, and they note that technology firms are busy developing next-generation batteries and innovating other carbon-free responses to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many benefits derived from California’s climate policies come at a price. The Air Resources Board says the state has spent more than $8 billion in the last four years to keep the programs running.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fiscal year 2017-18, the Legislature and Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"http://www.caclimateinvestments.ca.gov/about-cci\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">appropriated\u003c/a> more than $2.7 billion to support greenhouse-gas reduction. The current budget allocates $1.5 billion. Nearly $53 million goes to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/adminfee/revenue.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">air board\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State support takes many forms. Since 2009, for example, California has offered rebates on the purchase of electric or hydrogen-fuel vehicles, which may cost more than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s part of an effort to meet the governor’s target of putting 5 million \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/californias-climate-fight-gets-harder-soon-big-culprit-cars/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">electric cars\u003c/a> on California roads in the next 12 years. The state plans to put $1.4 billion into electric-vehicle infrastructure and more rebates over the next seven years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials say these are all monies well spent, that every dollar used to fight climate change attracts $6 of \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/capandtrade/auctionproceeds/2018_cci_annual_report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">investment\u003c/a>\u003c/u>. That figure reflects, in part, investment generated by state-funded grants to help companies retrofit or buy new emissions-reducing equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-55157\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/health-graphic-600x240.jpg\" alt=\"Officials say carbon-cutting measures protect public health. Source: Air Resources Board\" width=\"600\" height=\"240\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">Officials say carbon-cutting measures protect public health. Source: Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">Officials also say climate laws will save the state as much as $11 billion in “avoided social costs”—lost productivity and even public health outlays—by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the state says businesses and consumers alike will save money over time, through lower costs for power. For example, the mandate that beginning in 2020 new homes must have solar panels could add as much as $10,000 to house prices, but officials say those sums can be recouped over years of ownership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the board convened a symposium of esteemed economists, put them in a room for two days and asked them to devise the most effective formula to measure the economic effect of California’s environmental policies. They failed, disagreeing about which model to use, which assumptions to include and even about the advisability of making projections so far into the future about something as volatile as California’s nation-state economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The absence of any consensus then or since suggests how difficult real analysis is. “It’s an issue that we’ve been wrestling with,” said Emily Wimberger, the air board’s chief economist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a million things influencing these numbers,” said Chris Thornberg, founding partner at the Beacon Economics consulting firm. The idea that it’s possible to measure the influence of climate policies “is ridiculous.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1930278/is-californias-bid-to-lead-the-world-on-climate-solutions-paying-off-at-home","authors":["byline_science_1930278"],"categories":["science_31","science_33","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_182","science_134","science_192","science_3370","science_140"],"featImg":"science_1930311","label":"source_science_1930278"},"science_1923455":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1923455","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1923455","score":null,"sort":[1525393187000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"co2-atmospheric-concentrations-just-crossed-a-scary-mark","title":"New Record CO2 Measures Show 'Humans Are Overwhelming Nature'","publishDate":1525393187,"format":"standard","headTitle":"New Record CO2 Measures Show ‘Humans Are Overwhelming Nature’ | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>For the first time in human history, the monthly average concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has surpassed the threshold of 410 parts per million.[contextly_sidebar id=”5xXRiGwtizD12R67l83DACY0biOov0fr”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the finding of the \u003ca href=\"https://scripps.ucsd.edu/programs/keelingcurve/category/measurement-notes/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scripps CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> Program\u003c/a>, which tracks carbon dioxide measurements in the Earth’s atmosphere every 10 minutes. That data is then plotted onto the \u003ca href=\"https://scripps.ucsd.edu/programs/keelingcurve/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Keeling Curve\u003c/a>, a graph that illustrates the rise in carbon dioxide levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The curve symbolizes humanity’s waste dump. I’m hopeful in the next 10 years or so, it begins to bend over and it becomes the curve of hope, not danger. We haven’t reached that point yet.’\u003ccite>Ralph Keeling, geophysicist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The information is based on continuous measurements taken at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/obop/mlo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mauna Loa Observatory\u003c/a> in Hawaii. The latest threshold was registered in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest record shows that “humans are overwhelming nature” according to \u003ca href=\"http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/personnel_bios/ralph_keeling\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ralph Keeling\u003c/a>, a geophysicist and the head of the Scripps CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important to realize that we are headed towards pretty dangerous territory if we aren’t already in it,” says Keeling. “So something like 450-500 parts per billion places us in the danger zone. Things are changing already, so it’s become a question of how hard will it be to cope with all these changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1923491 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-800x480.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-800x480.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-160x96.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-768x461.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-960x576.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-240x144.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-375x225.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-520x312.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1.png 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, the rate has accelerated decade by decade, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going up at about 2.5 parts per million per year. At that rate we will hit 450 in just 15 years. We’re already in very unnatural territory with respect to carbon dioxide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unabated rise will have major consequences for people and organisms, says Keeling. Sea level rise, heat waves and rainfall patterns will all be impacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Species will go extinct and areas will be flooded. A lot will happen,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason for the rapid rise in CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> is almost entirely based on the burning of fossil fuels, according to Keeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One Keeling graph that tracks the rise of CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> going back 10,000 years shows a sudden uptick around the 18th century, when global industrialization was underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1923470\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-800x480.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-800x480.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-160x96.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-768x461.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-960x576.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-240x144.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-375x225.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-520x312.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k.png 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From 1700 to the present , you see the curve start to rise. Around that period, people relied on coal and the world was industrializing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keeling says the fight to save the planet will rest mainly on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1915384/can-california-really-go-100-percent-renewable-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">growth of renewables.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The curve symbolizes humanity’s waste dump,” says Keeling. “I’m hopeful in the next 10 years or so, it begins to bend over and it becomes the curve of hope, not danger. We haven’t reached that point yet.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Carbon dioxide concentrations in the Earth's atmosphere have been shattering the average record every year, bringing us closer to what scientists say is the \"danger zone.\"","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927935,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":469},"headData":{"title":"New Record CO2 Measures Show 'Humans Are Overwhelming Nature' | KQED","description":"Carbon dioxide concentrations in the Earth's atmosphere have been shattering the average record every year, bringing us closer to what scientists say is the "danger zone."","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Climate","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1923455/co2-atmospheric-concentrations-just-crossed-a-scary-mark","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For the first time in human history, the monthly average concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has surpassed the threshold of 410 parts per million.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the finding of the \u003ca href=\"https://scripps.ucsd.edu/programs/keelingcurve/category/measurement-notes/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scripps CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> Program\u003c/a>, which tracks carbon dioxide measurements in the Earth’s atmosphere every 10 minutes. That data is then plotted onto the \u003ca href=\"https://scripps.ucsd.edu/programs/keelingcurve/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Keeling Curve\u003c/a>, a graph that illustrates the rise in carbon dioxide levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The curve symbolizes humanity’s waste dump. I’m hopeful in the next 10 years or so, it begins to bend over and it becomes the curve of hope, not danger. We haven’t reached that point yet.’\u003ccite>Ralph Keeling, geophysicist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The information is based on continuous measurements taken at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/obop/mlo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mauna Loa Observatory\u003c/a> in Hawaii. The latest threshold was registered in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest record shows that “humans are overwhelming nature” according to \u003ca href=\"http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/personnel_bios/ralph_keeling\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ralph Keeling\u003c/a>, a geophysicist and the head of the Scripps CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important to realize that we are headed towards pretty dangerous territory if we aren’t already in it,” says Keeling. “So something like 450-500 parts per billion places us in the danger zone. Things are changing already, so it’s become a question of how hard will it be to cope with all these changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1923491 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-800x480.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-800x480.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-160x96.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-768x461.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-960x576.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-240x144.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-375x225.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1-520x312.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/mlo_full_record-1.png 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, the rate has accelerated decade by decade, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going up at about 2.5 parts per million per year. At that rate we will hit 450 in just 15 years. We’re already in very unnatural territory with respect to carbon dioxide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unabated rise will have major consequences for people and organisms, says Keeling. Sea level rise, heat waves and rainfall patterns will all be impacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Species will go extinct and areas will be flooded. A lot will happen,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason for the rapid rise in CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> is almost entirely based on the burning of fossil fuels, according to Keeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One Keeling graph that tracks the rise of CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> going back 10,000 years shows a sudden uptick around the 18th century, when global industrialization was underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1923470\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-800x480.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-800x480.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-160x96.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-768x461.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-960x576.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-240x144.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-375x225.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k-520x312.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/co2_10k.png 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From 1700 to the present , you see the curve start to rise. Around that period, people relied on coal and the world was industrializing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keeling says the fight to save the planet will rest mainly on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1915384/can-california-really-go-100-percent-renewable-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">growth of renewables.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The curve symbolizes humanity’s waste dump,” says Keeling. “I’m hopeful in the next 10 years or so, it begins to bend over and it becomes the curve of hope, not danger. We haven’t reached that point yet.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1923455/co2-atmospheric-concentrations-just-crossed-a-scary-mark","authors":["11428"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_3151","science_40"],"tags":["science_1404","science_1916","science_134","science_192","science_813","science_140"],"featImg":"science_1923475","label":"source_science_1923455"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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