California Octopus Can Tweak Its RNA to Adjust to Warmer and Cooler Waters
Watch a Sea Lion Slap a Kayaker Right Across the Face — With an Octopus
Octopuses Got High On Molly. Here’s What Happened Next
If Your Hands Could Smell, You’d Be an Octopus
We’re Not Squidding Around – Cephalopod Week Is Sure to Suck You In
You're Not Hallucinating. That's Just Squid Skin.
Harlequin Octopus Makes Scientists Question 'Anti-Social' Stereotypes
Deep-Sea Octopus is Mother of the Year
World’s Largest "Tentacles" Exhibit at Monterey Bay Aquarium Will Cultivate Its Own Cephalopods
window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={"attachmentsReducer":{"audio_0":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_0","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"}}},"audio_1":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_1","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"}}},"audio_2":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_2","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"}}},"audio_3":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_3","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"}}},"audio_4":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_4","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"}}},"placeholder":{"type":"attachments","id":"placeholder","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-160x96.jpg","width":160,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-800x478.jpg","width":800,"height":478,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1020x610.jpg","width":1020,"height":610,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-960x574.jpg","width":960,"height":574,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-240x143.jpg","width":240,"height":143,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-375x224.jpg","width":375,"height":224,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-520x311.jpg","width":520,"height":311,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-e1514998105161.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148}}},"science_1982987":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_1982987","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"1982987","found":true},"title":"The California two-spot octopus can edit the RNA in its brain on a massive scale, likely allowing it to keep a clear head in both warm and cool waters.","publishDate":1686253728,"status":"inherit","parent":1982986,"modified":1686254285,"caption":"The California two-spot octopus can edit the RNA in its brain on a massive scale, likely allowing it to keep a clear head in both warm and cool waters.","credit":"Tom Kleindinst/Marine Biological Laboratory","altTag":"A large light brown colored octopus swims in the darkness of the ocean.","description":"The California two-spot octopus can edit the RNA in its brain on a massive scale, likely allowing it to keep a clear head in both warm and cool waters.","imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/1cunnamed-2eea92974b8c37302612ad0ddf4d9c7c5055655c-800x600.jpe","width":800,"height":600,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/1cunnamed-2eea92974b8c37302612ad0ddf4d9c7c5055655c-1020x765.jpe","width":1020,"height":765,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/1cunnamed-2eea92974b8c37302612ad0ddf4d9c7c5055655c-160x120.jpe","width":160,"height":120,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/1cunnamed-2eea92974b8c37302612ad0ddf4d9c7c5055655c-768x576.jpe","width":768,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/1cunnamed-2eea92974b8c37302612ad0ddf4d9c7c5055655c-672x372.jpe","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/1cunnamed-2eea92974b8c37302612ad0ddf4d9c7c5055655c-1038x576.jpe","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/1cunnamed-2eea92974b8c37302612ad0ddf4d9c7c5055655c.jpe","width":1314,"height":985}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"science_1931936":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_1931936","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"1931936","found":true},"title":"A screenshot by NPR of a sea lion flinging an octopus","publishDate":1538160372,"status":"inherit","parent":1931935,"modified":1538160372,"caption":null,"credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-160x89.png","width":160,"height":89,"mimeType":"image/png"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-800x445.png","width":800,"height":445,"mimeType":"image/png"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-768x428.png","width":768,"height":428,"mimeType":"image/png"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-1020x568.png","width":1020,"height":568,"mimeType":"image/png"},"complete_open_graph":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-1200x668.png","width":1200,"height":668,"mimeType":"image/png"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-1180x657.png","width":1180,"height":657,"mimeType":"image/png"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-960x534.png","width":960,"height":534,"mimeType":"image/png"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-672x372.png","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/png"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-1038x576.png","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/png"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-240x134.png","width":240,"height":134,"mimeType":"image/png"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-375x209.png","width":375,"height":209,"mimeType":"image/png"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-520x289.png","width":520,"height":289,"mimeType":"image/png"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-1180x657.png","width":1180,"height":657,"mimeType":"image/png"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-32x32.png","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/png"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-50x50.png","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/png"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-64x64.png","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/png"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-96x96.png","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/png"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-128x128.png","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/png"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-150x150.png","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/png"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba.png","width":1913,"height":1065}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"science_1931630":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_1931630","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"1931630","found":true},"title":"Two-spotted Octopus (Octopus bimaculoides), swimming underwater, California","publishDate":1537553453,"status":"inherit","parent":1931626,"modified":1537553480,"caption":"This normally asocial octopus became touchy-feely after a dose of ecstasy. ","credit":"ibreakstock/Stock Adobe","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-800x536.jpg","width":800,"height":536,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-768x515.jpg","width":768,"height":515,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-1020x683.jpg","width":1020,"height":683,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"complete_open_graph":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-1200x804.jpg","width":1200,"height":804,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-1180x791.jpg","width":1180,"height":791,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-960x643.jpg","width":960,"height":643,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-240x161.jpg","width":240,"height":161,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-375x251.jpg","width":375,"height":251,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-520x348.jpg","width":520,"height":348,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-1180x791.jpg","width":1180,"height":791,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804.jpg","width":1200,"height":804}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"science_1391645":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_1391645","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"1391645","found":true},"title":"DL_404OctopusSuckers-marquee-final","publishDate":1486672637,"status":"inherit","parent":1391513,"modified":1486673236,"caption":"Hundreds of powerful suckers on octopus arms do more than just stick. They actually smell and taste too.","credit":"Josh Cassidy/KQED","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers-marquee-final-1-160x90.jpg","width":160,"height":90,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers-marquee-final-1-800x450.jpg","width":800,"height":450,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers-marquee-final-1-768x432.jpg","width":768,"height":432,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers-marquee-final-1-1020x574.jpg","width":1020,"height":574,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers-marquee-final-1-1920x1080.jpg","width":1920,"height":1080,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers-marquee-final-1-1180x664.jpg","width":1180,"height":664,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers-marquee-final-1-960x540.jpg","width":960,"height":540,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers-marquee-final-1-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers-marquee-final-1-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers-marquee-final-1-240x135.jpg","width":240,"height":135,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers-marquee-final-1-375x211.jpg","width":375,"height":211,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers-marquee-final-1-520x293.jpg","width":520,"height":293,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers-marquee-final-1-1180x664.jpg","width":1180,"height":664,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers-marquee-final-1-1920x1080.jpg","width":1920,"height":1080,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers-marquee-final-1-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers-marquee-final-1-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers-marquee-final-1-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers-marquee-final-1-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers-marquee-final-1-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers-marquee-final-1-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers-marquee-final-1.jpg","width":1920,"height":1080}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"science_796728":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_796728","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"796728","found":true},"title":"squid","publishDate":1466716661,"status":"inherit","parent":796256,"modified":1466721565,"caption":"Big fin reef squid","credit":"Monterey Bay Aquarium","description":"Big Fin Reef Squid","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/squid-400x267.jpg","width":400,"height":267,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/squid-800x534.jpg","width":800,"height":534,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/squid-768x513.jpg","width":768,"height":513,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/squid-1440x961.jpg","width":1440,"height":961,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/squid-1920x1282.jpg","width":1920,"height":1282,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/squid-1180x788.jpg","width":1180,"height":788,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/squid-960x641.jpg","width":960,"height":641,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/squid-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/squid-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/squid-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/squid-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/squid-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/squid-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/squid-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/squid-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/squid.jpg","width":2400,"height":1602}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"science_242226":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_242226","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"242226","found":true},"title":"DL-chromatophores-YT-marquee-4k","publishDate":1441735873,"status":"inherit","parent":233664,"modified":1441735873,"caption":null,"credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL-chromatophores-YT-marquee-4k-400x225.jpg","width":400,"height":225,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL-chromatophores-YT-marquee-4k-800x450.jpg","width":800,"height":450,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL-chromatophores-YT-marquee-4k-1440x810.jpg","width":1440,"height":810,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL-chromatophores-YT-marquee-4k-1920x1080.jpg","width":1920,"height":1080,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL-chromatophores-YT-marquee-4k-1180x664.jpg","width":1180,"height":664,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL-chromatophores-YT-marquee-4k-960x540.jpg","width":960,"height":540,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL-chromatophores-YT-marquee-4k-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL-chromatophores-YT-marquee-4k-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL-chromatophores-YT-marquee-4k-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL-chromatophores-YT-marquee-4k-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL-chromatophores-YT-marquee-4k-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL-chromatophores-YT-marquee-4k-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL-chromatophores-YT-marquee-4k-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL-chromatophores-YT-marquee-4k-e1441735884580.jpg","width":1920,"height":1080}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"science_200276":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_200276","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"200276","found":true},"title":"mating","publishDate":1439944682,"status":"inherit","parent":197792,"modified":1440446112,"caption":"The larger Pacific striped octopus is the first known to mate in this vulnerable beak-to-beak position.","credit":"Roy Caldwell","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/mating-400x280.jpg","width":400,"height":280,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/mating-800x560.jpg","width":800,"height":560,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/mating-1440x1007.jpg","width":1440,"height":1007,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/mating-1180x825.jpg","width":1180,"height":825,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/mating-960x671.jpg","width":960,"height":671,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/mating-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/mating-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/mating-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/mating-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/mating-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/mating-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/mating-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/mating.jpg","width":1600,"height":1119}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"science_19973":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_19973","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"19973","found":true},"title":"octomom-t1111-close FEATURE","publishDate":1406680228,"status":"inherit","parent":19970,"modified":1406680228,"caption":"This deep-sea octopus spent four and one half years brooding her eggs on a ledge near the bottom of Monterey Canyon, about 4,600 feet below the ocean's surface. (Courtesy MBARI © 2007)","credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/octomom-t1111-close-FEATURE.jpg","width":640,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"science_16252":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_16252","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"16252","found":true},"title":"Flamboyant cuttlefish (Metasepia pfeffer )","publishDate":1396826448,"status":"inherit","parent":16251,"modified":1396826448,"caption":"Flamboyant cuttlefish, native to the tropical Indo-Pacific, will be featured in the Monterey Bay Aquarium’s new exhibit, “Tentacles.” (Randy Wilder/Monterey Bay Aquarium)","credit":null,"description":"Flamboyant cuttlefish","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/flamboyant.jpg","width":640,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"byline_science_1982986":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_science_1982986","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_science_1982986","name":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/297147967/ari-daniel\">Ari Daniel\u003c/a>","isLoading":false},"byline_science_1931935":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_science_1931935","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_science_1931935","name":"Rachel D. Cohen, NPR","isLoading":false},"byline_science_1931626":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_science_1931626","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_science_1931626","name":"Jamie Leventhal, PBS NewsHour","isLoading":false},"gabriela-quiros":{"type":"authors","id":"6186","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6186","found":true},"name":"Gabriela Quirós","firstName":"Gabriela","lastName":"Quirós","slug":"gabriela-quiros","email":"gquiros@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["science"],"title":"Video Producer and Reporter","bio":"Gabriela Quirós is a \u003cstrong>video producer and the coordinating producer for KQED's web science video series \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/deeplook\">Deep Look\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>. She joined KQED as a TV producer when its science series QUEST started in 2006 and has covered everything from Alzheimer’s to bee die-offs to dark energy.\r\n\r\nShe won a 2022 AAAS Kavli Science Journalism Award with a team of her Deep Look colleagues. She has won five regional Emmys as a video producer and has shared seven more as the coordinating producer of Deep Look. The episode she produced about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/728086/how-mosquitoes-use-six-needles-to-suck-your-blood\">How Mosquitoes Use Six Needles to Suck Your Blood\u003c/a> won a Webby \"People's Voice\" award. She has also earned awards from the Jackson Hole Wildlife Film Festival, the Society of Professional Journalists and the Society of Environmental Journalists.\r\n\r\nHer videos for KQED have also aired on NOVA scienceNOW and the PBS NewsHour, and appeared on NPR.org.\r\n\r\nAs an independent filmmaker, she produced and directed the hour-long documentary \u003ca href=\"http://lpbp.org/beautiful-sin-qa-with-producer-gabriela-quiros/\">\u003cem>Beautiful Sin\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, about the surprising story of how Costa Rica became the only country in the world to outlaw in vitro fertilization. The film aired in 2015 on public television stations throughout the U.S., and in Costa Rica.\r\n\r\nShe started her journalism career as a newspaper reporter in Costa Rica, where she grew up. She won the National Science Journalism Award there for a series of articles about organic agriculture, and developed a life-long interest in health reporting. She moved to the Bay Area in 1996 to study documentary filmmaking at the University of California, Berkeley, where she received master’s degrees in journalism and Latin American studies.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6d82c20152affd1b434c31a904c40809?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"gabrielaquirosr","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["editor","ef_view_calendar","ef_view_story_budget"]}],"headData":{"title":"Gabriela Quirós | KQED","description":"Video Producer and Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6d82c20152affd1b434c31a904c40809?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6d82c20152affd1b434c31a904c40809?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/gabriela-quiros"},"joshua-cassidy":{"type":"authors","id":"6219","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6219","found":true},"name":"Josh Cassidy","firstName":"Josh","lastName":"Cassidy","slug":"joshua-cassidy","email":"jcassidy@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["science"],"title":"Digital Video Producer","bio":"Josh is a Senior Video Producer for KQED Science, and the Lead Producer and Cinematographer for Deep Look. After receiving his BS in Wildlife Biology from Ohio University, he went on to participate in marine mammal research for NOAA, USGS and the Intersea Foundation. He also served as the president of The Pacific Cetacean Group, a nonprofit organization dedicated to teaching students K-6 about whales. Josh studied science and natural history filmmaking at San Francisco State University and Montana State University.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f2582a0801a35af53b734d56bcac2bbe?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["author","edit_others_posts"]}],"headData":{"title":"Josh Cassidy | KQED","description":"Digital Video Producer","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f2582a0801a35af53b734d56bcac2bbe?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f2582a0801a35af53b734d56bcac2bbe?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/joshua-cassidy"},"dannastaaf":{"type":"authors","id":"6324","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6324","found":true},"name":"Danna Staaf","firstName":"Danna","lastName":"Staaf","slug":"dannastaaf","email":"dannajoy@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Danna Staaf is a marine biologist, science writer, novelist, artist, and educator. She holds a PhD in Squid Babies from Stanford and a BA in Biology from the College of Creative Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara. She helped found the outreach program \u003ca href=\"http://gilly.stanford.edu/outreach.html\">Squids4Kids\u003c/a>, illustrated \u003ca href=\"https://www.thegamecrafter.com/games/the-game-of-science\">The Game of Science\u003c/a>, and blogs at \u003ca href=\"http://www.science20.com/squid_day\">Science 2.0\u003c/a>. She lives in San Jose with her husband, daughter, and cats.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/62085c2562a0b91949bfd6ff7548082e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Danna Staaf | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/62085c2562a0b91949bfd6ff7548082e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/62085c2562a0b91949bfd6ff7548082e?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/dannastaaf"},"lrothjohnson":{"type":"authors","id":"6569","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6569","found":true},"name":"Liz Roth-Johnson","firstName":"Liz","lastName":"Roth-Johnson","slug":"lrothjohnson","email":"lrothjohnson@KQED.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Liz Roth-Johnson received her B.A. degrees in Molecular & Cell Biology and Music from UC Berkeley and recently finished her Ph.D. in Molecular Biology at UCLA, where she studied early development in fruit flies. Outside of the lab, Liz co-founded the K-8 science and engineering outreach program BEAM at UCLA and has worked extensively with the public outreach program Science & Food. Liz is delighted to be joining KQED Science as a 2014 AAAS Mass Media Fellow.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2a05f38b66374c92661c37593c548376?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Liz Roth-Johnson | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2a05f38b66374c92661c37593c548376?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2a05f38b66374c92661c37593c548376?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/lrothjohnson"},"cboyle":{"type":"authors","id":"11254","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11254","found":true},"name":"Carrie Boyle","firstName":"Carrie","lastName":"Boyle","slug":"cboyle","email":"cboyle@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Carrie is a KQED Science intern, joining the team as the 2016 recipient of the Dr. and Mrs. Allen Fuhs CSU Monterey Bay-KQED Scholarship. After receiving a B.S. in Environmental Biology at UC Berkeley, she worked as a science educator in San Diego and at the California Academy of Sciences. She loves just about anything that involves the ocean, and is currently working towards her M.S. in Applied Marine and Watershed Science at CSU Monterey Bay.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9fed749c83a121dd06b72d2c0b436841?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"Carrie Boyle | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9fed749c83a121dd06b72d2c0b436841?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9fed749c83a121dd06b72d2c0b436841?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/cboyle"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"science_1982986":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1982986","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1982986","score":null,"sort":[1686316525000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-octopus-can-tweak-its-rna-to-adjust-to-warmer-and-cooler-waters","title":"California Octopus Can Tweak Its RNA to Adjust to Warmer and Cooler Waters","publishDate":1686316525,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Octopus Can Tweak Its RNA to Adjust to Warmer and Cooler Waters | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Octopuses are curious and clever. They can solve mazes and puzzles, use tools, and are masters of camouflage. These complex abilities are powered by their sophisticated and giant brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(23)00523-8\">\u003cem>Cell\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, researchers report that octopuses are able to edit genetic information to quickly resculpt those brains when confronted with changes in their environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These findings cast new light on the incredible adaptability of these shape-shifting creatures and may help scientists design therapeutics for problematic mutations in our own bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Octopuses are considered one of the smartest invertebrate animals on the planet, with sophisticated brains and complex nervous systems. In other animals, such big brains typically need to be treated with care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just think about your own fragile brain. It’s encased in a skull, bathed in oxygen, and tuned to work at a relatively stable body temperature. “We spend a ton of energy maintaining a constant temperature,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.mbl.edu/research/research-centers/eugene-bell-center/bell-center-faculty-and-staff/rosenthal-lab\">Josh Rosenthal\u003c/a>, a neurobiologist at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Mass. “And a lot of that is so that our nervous system can operate more efficiently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Too hot (with a fever) or too cold (with hypothermia) and our brains sputter and begin to fail — and that’s just several degrees off the norm. So our bodies keep everything at a steady temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Octopuses don’t have that luxury. Their brains require just as much safekeeping as ours, but they’re in squishy bodies swimming in water whose temperature can fluctuate by some 20 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s difficult to maintain a complex nervous system in the face of changing temperature,” says Rosenthal. “And that presents challenges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Tweaking genetic recipes on the fly\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Octopuses have overcome that challenge with a unique trick hidden inside their cells. It has to do with a molecule called RNA, which is used to help translate DNA into the proteins that make up our bodies. To use an analogy, let’s say you want to make a loaf of bread and you walk into a library filled with cookbooks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That cookbook itself, it’s already printed and I can’t change the book,” says \u003ca href=\"https://matthewabirk.weebly.com/\">Matthew Birk\u003c/a>, a biologist at Saint Francis University. “But what I can do is make a copy, take it home to my kitchen,” and bake the bread there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here, the cookbooks are the DNA, which is hard-coded and doesn’t change, the bread is the protein your body wants to make, and the RNA is the copy of the recipe that explains how to do it. RNA doesn’t tend to change all that much. It’s just the messenger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what if you’re missing an ingredient — like butter?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If those are the instructions you have, you’re kinda sunk,” says Rosenthal. “But if you know that oil would work just as well — if you could edit that recipe and put that in, then that gives you flexibility.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the brains of most animals — from fish to birds to bees to people — only a few percent of the RNAs get edited. But inside the brains of octopuses and their relatives, it’s happening on a massive scale, affecting more than 60%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers wondered if something in these animals’ environment might be driving all this tweaking, like temperature. Birk decided to run an experiment with help from the California two-spot octopus, which, when scrunched up, is about the size of a football.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They look very much like your typical octopus,” says Birk, “although it does have two iridescent blue spots to try and scare a predator away.” He says they’re mischievous and good at camouflaging. And their coastal habitat in southern California and northern Mexico swings between warm summers and cool winters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the lab, Birk placed half his octopuses in cooler water and half in warmer water. After a few weeks, he collected RNA from their brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that there were over 20,000 different locations on various different proteins that were edited,” says Birk, with more tweaking in the cooler conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is, in response to changing temperatures, the octopuses remodeled their brains, presumably to keep them functioning properly. The same thing was true in the wild, where Birk collected individuals in the summer and winter by flushing them from their underwater dens with squirts of vinegar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The octopuses are capable of making these edits in less than a day. Compare that to DNA, which takes generations to change. RNA provides a more flexible alternative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tweaking RNAs — editing the temporary copies of the recipes — leads to alterations in the proteins that they instruct the cell to make. For octopuses, there’s no single, preferred version of a protein. Rather, there are multiple versions of numerous proteins in the animal’s brain, each one suited to a different scenario.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This study shows for the first time that in the same organism, under different conditions, it expresses different proteins from the same gene,” says \u003ca href=\"https://english.tau.ac.il/profile/elieis\">Eli Eisenberg\u003c/a>, a physicist at Tel Aviv University. “And they have different functional behavior that is presumably suited to the external temperature.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The inner life of an octopus\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s still not clear how these changes might impact an octopus in its daily life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What would be nice to see in future is what types of behaviors are affected by these different types of changes — their reaction speeds, their ability to camouflage,” says \u003ca href=\"https://crooklab.org/\">Robyn Crook\u003c/a>, a neurobiologist at San Francisco State University who wasn’t involved in the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the octopuses do more editing in cooler temperatures, Crook also points out the strategy may not help them in the face of a changing climate and warming oceans. Though these octopuses can operate across a range of temperatures, she says it may not be “a viable mechanism for escaping environmental change as a result of human activity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite octopuses living such different lives than we do, their unique brains may one day prove useful to us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to figure out how to capture this ability to use it towards therapeutics,” explains Birk, like pain reduction or repairing harmful mutations that cause disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Octopuses, he says, have a lot to teach us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are fascinating and interesting, not just on the outside, where we can all see,” Birk says. “But also on the inside.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Octopuses+tweak+the+RNA+in+their+brains+to+adjust+to+warmer+and+cooler+waters&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The California two-spot octopus can edit the RNA in its brain to produce different proteins as ocean temperatures fluctuate, a new study finds.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704845989,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":1125},"headData":{"title":"California Octopus Can Tweak Its RNA to Adjust to Warmer and Cooler Waters | KQED","description":"The California two-spot octopus can edit the RNA in its brain to produce different proteins as ocean temperatures fluctuate, a new study finds.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"NPR","sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/297147967/ari-daniel\">Ari Daniel\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":" Tom Kleindinst/Marine Biological Laboratory","nprStoryId":"1181009210","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1181009210&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2023/06/08/1181009210/octopuses-tweak-the-rna-in-their-brains-to-adjust-to-warmer-and-cooler-waters?ft=nprml&f=1181009210","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 08 Jun 2023 13:02:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 08 Jun 2023 12:53:28 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 08 Jun 2023 13:02:40 -0400","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1982986/california-octopus-can-tweak-its-rna-to-adjust-to-warmer-and-cooler-waters","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Octopuses are curious and clever. They can solve mazes and puzzles, use tools, and are masters of camouflage. These complex abilities are powered by their sophisticated and giant brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(23)00523-8\">\u003cem>Cell\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, researchers report that octopuses are able to edit genetic information to quickly resculpt those brains when confronted with changes in their environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These findings cast new light on the incredible adaptability of these shape-shifting creatures and may help scientists design therapeutics for problematic mutations in our own bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Octopuses are considered one of the smartest invertebrate animals on the planet, with sophisticated brains and complex nervous systems. In other animals, such big brains typically need to be treated with care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just think about your own fragile brain. It’s encased in a skull, bathed in oxygen, and tuned to work at a relatively stable body temperature. “We spend a ton of energy maintaining a constant temperature,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.mbl.edu/research/research-centers/eugene-bell-center/bell-center-faculty-and-staff/rosenthal-lab\">Josh Rosenthal\u003c/a>, a neurobiologist at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Mass. “And a lot of that is so that our nervous system can operate more efficiently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Too hot (with a fever) or too cold (with hypothermia) and our brains sputter and begin to fail — and that’s just several degrees off the norm. So our bodies keep everything at a steady temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Octopuses don’t have that luxury. Their brains require just as much safekeeping as ours, but they’re in squishy bodies swimming in water whose temperature can fluctuate by some 20 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s difficult to maintain a complex nervous system in the face of changing temperature,” says Rosenthal. “And that presents challenges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Tweaking genetic recipes on the fly\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Octopuses have overcome that challenge with a unique trick hidden inside their cells. It has to do with a molecule called RNA, which is used to help translate DNA into the proteins that make up our bodies. To use an analogy, let’s say you want to make a loaf of bread and you walk into a library filled with cookbooks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That cookbook itself, it’s already printed and I can’t change the book,” says \u003ca href=\"https://matthewabirk.weebly.com/\">Matthew Birk\u003c/a>, a biologist at Saint Francis University. “But what I can do is make a copy, take it home to my kitchen,” and bake the bread there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here, the cookbooks are the DNA, which is hard-coded and doesn’t change, the bread is the protein your body wants to make, and the RNA is the copy of the recipe that explains how to do it. RNA doesn’t tend to change all that much. It’s just the messenger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what if you’re missing an ingredient — like butter?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If those are the instructions you have, you’re kinda sunk,” says Rosenthal. “But if you know that oil would work just as well — if you could edit that recipe and put that in, then that gives you flexibility.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the brains of most animals — from fish to birds to bees to people — only a few percent of the RNAs get edited. But inside the brains of octopuses and their relatives, it’s happening on a massive scale, affecting more than 60%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers wondered if something in these animals’ environment might be driving all this tweaking, like temperature. Birk decided to run an experiment with help from the California two-spot octopus, which, when scrunched up, is about the size of a football.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They look very much like your typical octopus,” says Birk, “although it does have two iridescent blue spots to try and scare a predator away.” He says they’re mischievous and good at camouflaging. And their coastal habitat in southern California and northern Mexico swings between warm summers and cool winters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the lab, Birk placed half his octopuses in cooler water and half in warmer water. After a few weeks, he collected RNA from their brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that there were over 20,000 different locations on various different proteins that were edited,” says Birk, with more tweaking in the cooler conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is, in response to changing temperatures, the octopuses remodeled their brains, presumably to keep them functioning properly. The same thing was true in the wild, where Birk collected individuals in the summer and winter by flushing them from their underwater dens with squirts of vinegar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The octopuses are capable of making these edits in less than a day. Compare that to DNA, which takes generations to change. RNA provides a more flexible alternative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tweaking RNAs — editing the temporary copies of the recipes — leads to alterations in the proteins that they instruct the cell to make. For octopuses, there’s no single, preferred version of a protein. Rather, there are multiple versions of numerous proteins in the animal’s brain, each one suited to a different scenario.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This study shows for the first time that in the same organism, under different conditions, it expresses different proteins from the same gene,” says \u003ca href=\"https://english.tau.ac.il/profile/elieis\">Eli Eisenberg\u003c/a>, a physicist at Tel Aviv University. “And they have different functional behavior that is presumably suited to the external temperature.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The inner life of an octopus\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s still not clear how these changes might impact an octopus in its daily life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What would be nice to see in future is what types of behaviors are affected by these different types of changes — their reaction speeds, their ability to camouflage,” says \u003ca href=\"https://crooklab.org/\">Robyn Crook\u003c/a>, a neurobiologist at San Francisco State University who wasn’t involved in the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the octopuses do more editing in cooler temperatures, Crook also points out the strategy may not help them in the face of a changing climate and warming oceans. Though these octopuses can operate across a range of temperatures, she says it may not be “a viable mechanism for escaping environmental change as a result of human activity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite octopuses living such different lives than we do, their unique brains may one day prove useful to us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to figure out how to capture this ability to use it towards therapeutics,” explains Birk, like pain reduction or repairing harmful mutations that cause disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Octopuses, he says, have a lot to teach us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are fascinating and interesting, not just on the outside, where we can all see,” Birk says. “But also on the inside.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Octopuses+tweak+the+RNA+in+their+brains+to+adjust+to+warmer+and+cooler+waters&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1982986/california-octopus-can-tweak-its-rna-to-adjust-to-warmer-and-cooler-waters","authors":["byline_science_1982986"],"categories":["science_2874","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_2549","science_1479"],"featImg":"science_1982987","label":"source_science_1982986"},"science_1931935":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1931935","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1931935","score":null,"sort":[1538162492000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"watch-a-sea-lion-slap-a-kayaker-right-across-the-face-with-an-octopus","title":"Watch a Sea Lion Slap a Kayaker Right Across the Face — With an Octopus","publishDate":1538162492,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Watch a Sea Lion Slap a Kayaker Right Across the Face — With an Octopus | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7m7-_Lo23BI\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A sea lion smacks a kayaker with an octopus, and the video capturing the unlikely encounter quickly becomes a viral sensation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conflict between man and beasts happened off the coast of New Zealand’s South Island.[contextly_sidebar id=”ghxWvrHRBgGdxjEuWhHZmbAU4Zu46Tqj”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taiyo Masuda, Kyle Mulinder and friends were going for a paddle off the coast of Kaikoura. Masuda’s camera follows the sea lion as it zips beneath the ocean’s surface and pops up a couple of feet from Mulinder and flings an octopus his way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whoa!” Masuda shouts, as Mulinder shakes his head and looks back into the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not sure who got more of a surprise: the seal, the octopus, or me,” Mulinder wrote on Instagram in a comment about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/BoD3bluhKmS/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">video\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what exactly was the sea lion up to?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For answers, we turned to two scientists who know something about what makes sea lions tick: \u003ca href=\"https://pinnipedlab.ucsc.edu/staff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Colleen Reichmuth\u003c/a>, a principal investigator and associate research scientist at the University of Santa Cruz’s Institute of Marine Sciences, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncf.edu/directory/listing/peter-cook/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Peter Cook\u003c/a>, an assistant professor of psychology at the New College of Florida who studies animal cognition and has experience with sea lions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First off, they wanted to make clear that the \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/education/marine-mammal-information/pinnipeds/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pinniped\u003c/a> in question was indeed a sea lion, not a seal. Cook guesses the star of the show might be a New Zealand sea lion based on the whereabouts, but he couldn’t be completely sure from the video alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea lions and fur seals belong to the \u003cem>otariid\u003c/em> family and are sometimes called “eared seals.” Unlike true seals, however, they have external ear flaps and big front flippers, which allow them to be more active on land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behaviorally, Cook says, sea lions are more outgoing than seals and have a more flexible foraging ecology, meaning that they eat a wider variety of things — crabs, squids, octopuses, really anything they can get a hold of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea lions also eat their prey in much less predictable ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It might be sea lions’ tendency to play that gives them their complex feeding behaviors, Cook says. Sea lions spend anywhere from nine months to two years with their mothers before venturing out on their own. During that period, they are being fed milk by their mother and have a lot of free time, most of which they use to play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In animal behavior work, we tend to think of play as a way that an animal learns and sort of preps itself to take on a more complicated set of potential behaviors as an adult,” Cook says.[contextly_sidebar id=”Gnrop7MagV2hqEmaoboJSpKPnbL1GSHZ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So was the sea lion just playing with the octopus?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to say, Cook says, but it’s possible. “They do like to fiddle with their food, and throwing an octopus around could be pretty fun,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cook says he has witnessed sea lions in captivity playing with leftover food after finishing a meal. For half an hour or so, a sea lion might throw a piece of fish up and down, playing catch with itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Cook, a sign that this sea lion might have been messing around with the octopus is that after the smacking incident, the sea lion circles back, swimming very slowly. The way it turns and flops its flipper tells Cook that it’s pretty relaxed, and sea lions are not usually relaxed when they’re chasing down food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, sea lions also sometimes throw their food around to make it easier to eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reichmuth says the video could portray typical sea lion foraging. “The behavior in that video is pretty normal behavior for a sea lion that is feeding on prey that is too big to swallow whole,” Reichmuth says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea lions don’t have grinding teeth, so while they can hold onto a slippery fish or octopus, they can’t chew it well. Instead, they bring the prey to the surface and smash it on the water to break it into bite-size pieces, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reichmuth and Cook agree that it is entirely likely a feeding sea lion would have flung the octopus out of the water and smashed it on the surface, whether the kayakers had been there or not.[contextly_sidebar id=”dlYACemdcmpxPqxXZvRyxsQp0WHMXDPO”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea lions typically regard humans with indifference. “They definitely will approach people and look at them, but they mostly just do their own thing,” Cook says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it’s unlikely the sea lion was using the octopus as a weapon to fight the humans, according to Cook. “The idea of a sea lion hitting a person aggressively with an object — I’ve never heard of that happening. I’d be very surprised,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even though sea lions can be indifferent toward humans, it doesn’t mean they can’t be bugged by us, Reichmuth says. “Sea lions are playful animals, but that doesn’t mean they’re not disturbed by the presence of people,” she says, especially when they are carrying out biologically important activities like foraging for food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The kayakers, she says, most likely paddled into an area where the sea lion was feeding, putting them in the line of fire. “You see the animal surface a few times, so [the kayakers] probably were not where they should have been, maybe a little too close to feeding animals,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This makes her think that while the video is entertaining, it also evokes a larger issue: the encroachment of people into wildlife areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Common courtesy for wildlife, she says, is to stay well away from the “threshold of response,” which is when animals alter their behavior because of human presence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, though, it’s hard to know with certainty what the now world famous sea lion was doing with the octopus, or if its behavior was affected by the kayakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anytime someone witnesses a novel sea lion behavior, or the unexpected actions of any behaviorally flexible animal, Cook says, there’s often speculation about why it might have done it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Frequently people observe sea lions doing new things that we did not know they could do,” Cook says. “There are always a lot of questions, and we make our best guess. But, yeah, they can surprise you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Rachel D. Cohen is an intern on NPR’s Science Desk.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Why+Did+An+Octopus-Wielding+Sea+Lion+Slap+A+Kayaker+In+The+Face%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A sea lion in a viral video was probably just messing around with its food. Researchers say sea lions don't care enough about humans to want to slap one of us with an octopus.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927451,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":33,"wordCount":1132},"headData":{"title":"Watch a Sea Lion Slap a Kayaker Right Across the Face — With an Octopus | KQED","description":"A sea lion in a viral video was probably just messing around with its food. Researchers say sea lions don't care enough about humans to want to slap one of us with an octopus.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Animals","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Rachel D. Cohen, NPR","nprImageAgency":"Taiyo Masuda/Screenshot by NPR","nprStoryId":"652519248","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=652519248&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/09/28/652519248/why-did-an-octopus-wielding-sea-lion-slap-a-kayaker-in-the-face?ft=nprml&f=652519248","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 28 Sep 2018 14:05:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 28 Sep 2018 13:35:21 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 28 Sep 2018 14:05:54 -0400","path":"/science/1931935/watch-a-sea-lion-slap-a-kayaker-right-across-the-face-with-an-octopus","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/7m7-_Lo23BI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/7m7-_Lo23BI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>A sea lion smacks a kayaker with an octopus, and the video capturing the unlikely encounter quickly becomes a viral sensation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conflict between man and beasts happened off the coast of New Zealand’s South Island.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taiyo Masuda, Kyle Mulinder and friends were going for a paddle off the coast of Kaikoura. Masuda’s camera follows the sea lion as it zips beneath the ocean’s surface and pops up a couple of feet from Mulinder and flings an octopus his way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whoa!” Masuda shouts, as Mulinder shakes his head and looks back into the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not sure who got more of a surprise: the seal, the octopus, or me,” Mulinder wrote on Instagram in a comment about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/BoD3bluhKmS/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">video\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what exactly was the sea lion up to?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For answers, we turned to two scientists who know something about what makes sea lions tick: \u003ca href=\"https://pinnipedlab.ucsc.edu/staff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Colleen Reichmuth\u003c/a>, a principal investigator and associate research scientist at the University of Santa Cruz’s Institute of Marine Sciences, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncf.edu/directory/listing/peter-cook/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Peter Cook\u003c/a>, an assistant professor of psychology at the New College of Florida who studies animal cognition and has experience with sea lions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First off, they wanted to make clear that the \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/education/marine-mammal-information/pinnipeds/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pinniped\u003c/a> in question was indeed a sea lion, not a seal. Cook guesses the star of the show might be a New Zealand sea lion based on the whereabouts, but he couldn’t be completely sure from the video alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea lions and fur seals belong to the \u003cem>otariid\u003c/em> family and are sometimes called “eared seals.” Unlike true seals, however, they have external ear flaps and big front flippers, which allow them to be more active on land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behaviorally, Cook says, sea lions are more outgoing than seals and have a more flexible foraging ecology, meaning that they eat a wider variety of things — crabs, squids, octopuses, really anything they can get a hold of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea lions also eat their prey in much less predictable ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It might be sea lions’ tendency to play that gives them their complex feeding behaviors, Cook says. Sea lions spend anywhere from nine months to two years with their mothers before venturing out on their own. During that period, they are being fed milk by their mother and have a lot of free time, most of which they use to play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In animal behavior work, we tend to think of play as a way that an animal learns and sort of preps itself to take on a more complicated set of potential behaviors as an adult,” Cook says.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So was the sea lion just playing with the octopus?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to say, Cook says, but it’s possible. “They do like to fiddle with their food, and throwing an octopus around could be pretty fun,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cook says he has witnessed sea lions in captivity playing with leftover food after finishing a meal. For half an hour or so, a sea lion might throw a piece of fish up and down, playing catch with itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Cook, a sign that this sea lion might have been messing around with the octopus is that after the smacking incident, the sea lion circles back, swimming very slowly. The way it turns and flops its flipper tells Cook that it’s pretty relaxed, and sea lions are not usually relaxed when they’re chasing down food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, sea lions also sometimes throw their food around to make it easier to eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reichmuth says the video could portray typical sea lion foraging. “The behavior in that video is pretty normal behavior for a sea lion that is feeding on prey that is too big to swallow whole,” Reichmuth says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea lions don’t have grinding teeth, so while they can hold onto a slippery fish or octopus, they can’t chew it well. Instead, they bring the prey to the surface and smash it on the water to break it into bite-size pieces, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reichmuth and Cook agree that it is entirely likely a feeding sea lion would have flung the octopus out of the water and smashed it on the surface, whether the kayakers had been there or not.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea lions typically regard humans with indifference. “They definitely will approach people and look at them, but they mostly just do their own thing,” Cook says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it’s unlikely the sea lion was using the octopus as a weapon to fight the humans, according to Cook. “The idea of a sea lion hitting a person aggressively with an object — I’ve never heard of that happening. I’d be very surprised,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even though sea lions can be indifferent toward humans, it doesn’t mean they can’t be bugged by us, Reichmuth says. “Sea lions are playful animals, but that doesn’t mean they’re not disturbed by the presence of people,” she says, especially when they are carrying out biologically important activities like foraging for food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The kayakers, she says, most likely paddled into an area where the sea lion was feeding, putting them in the line of fire. “You see the animal surface a few times, so [the kayakers] probably were not where they should have been, maybe a little too close to feeding animals,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This makes her think that while the video is entertaining, it also evokes a larger issue: the encroachment of people into wildlife areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Common courtesy for wildlife, she says, is to stay well away from the “threshold of response,” which is when animals alter their behavior because of human presence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, though, it’s hard to know with certainty what the now world famous sea lion was doing with the octopus, or if its behavior was affected by the kayakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anytime someone witnesses a novel sea lion behavior, or the unexpected actions of any behaviorally flexible animal, Cook says, there’s often speculation about why it might have done it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Frequently people observe sea lions doing new things that we did not know they could do,” Cook says. “There are always a lot of questions, and we make our best guess. But, yeah, they can surprise you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Rachel D. Cohen is an intern on NPR’s Science Desk.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Why+Did+An+Octopus-Wielding+Sea+Lion+Slap+A+Kayaker+In+The+Face%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1931935/watch-a-sea-lion-slap-a-kayaker-right-across-the-face-with-an-octopus","authors":["byline_science_1931935"],"categories":["science_2874","science_40"],"tags":["science_1120","science_843","science_1479"],"featImg":"science_1931936","label":"source_science_1931935"},"science_1931626":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1931626","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1931626","score":null,"sort":[1537553660000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"octopuses-got-high-on-molly-heres-what-happened-next","title":"Octopuses Got High On Molly. Here’s What Happened Next","publishDate":1537553660,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Octopuses Got High On Molly. Here’s What Happened Next | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>One day in a lab, scientists gave MDMA to four octopuses. Do not try this at home.[contextly_sidebar id=”7hZ0uH2A1fCX3JloyuehbESNhhtXdF8s”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After putting the eight-legged sea creatures in beakers filled with dissolved ecstasy, scientists learned that the octopuses, known for their anti-social behavior, become more touchy-feely. This reaction suggests an evolutionary link between humans and octopuses through their social behavior, the scientists said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They reported their findings Thursday in \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(18)30991-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Current Biology\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Octopus intelligence rivals many mammals, and octopuses are the most behaviorally advanced invertebrates. Octopuses can complete mazes and escape from aquariums, but scientists previously believed that these cephalopods lack the social behaviors that often come in species with greater smarts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the new study shows octopuses can exhibit similar social behaviors as humans with a little push from ecstasy, despite drastic differences in their brains. If combined in the future with gene sequencing, the research may reveal the evolution of social behavior across species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans and octopuses diverged evolutionarily 500 million years ago, and a lot has changed since. Besides the obvious additional limbs, or tentacles, lack of spine and affinity for water, octopuses have vastly different central nervous systems compared to humans. For one, octopuses grow most their nerve cells (neurons) in their arms, and as a result, \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-mind-of-an-octopus/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">can taste and touch things without their brains being involved\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then in 2015, marine biologist Eric Edsinger \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14668\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">co-discovered a surprising genetic connection\u003c/a> between octopuses and humans. Genetic sequencing revealed that octopuses and humans share a nearly identical serotonin transporter, a protein that moves the chemical messenger serotonin between neurons.[contextly_sidebar id=”qXdxbMfD69G3GbyEpMAhFkiOzPSIvrr5″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serotonin transporters also mediate the psychological changes associated with taking ecstasy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were interested in the serotonin transporter because we knew that [it was] the principle binding site of MDMA,” said Gul Dolen, a neuroscientist at Johns Hopkins University who co-authored today’s study with Edsinger. “If we focused in on the parts of the protein that are really important for serotonin binding, then the similarity [between humans and octopuses] was over 95 percent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931628\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1931628\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-1020x720.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"452\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-1020x720.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-800x565.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-768x542.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-960x678.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-240x169.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-375x265.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-520x367.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two-spotted Octopus, Octopus bimaculoides, portrait at Sea of Cortez, Baja California Mexico. \u003ccite>(Luis Javier Sandoval/VW Pics/UIG via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dolen and Edsinger, who works at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Massachusetts, designed a simple experiment. They gathered nine octopuses of the species Octopus bimaculoides, exposed four of the invertebrates to MDMA and watched if they became more social. They compared the behaviors of these drugged subjects to five sober octopuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wild, Octopus bimaculoides is only friendly for brief periods of time while mating. Unlike humans, lab mice and other mammals, octopuses lack a nucleus accumbens, any folded cortex whatsoever and reward circuits — parts of the brain associated with behavioral changes from drug use.[contextly_sidebar id=”gfwEw7FHGMXhH7MiIJ2VG7jW8rLqVHas”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Molly seemed to change their behavior during testing. When a tripped-out octopus interacted with its caged counterpart, its caresses appeared to be more exploratory rather than aggressive. This observation mirrors the human behavior of becoming more \u003ca href=\"http://www.cesar.umd.edu/cesar/drugs/ecstasy.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">social and touchy-feely\u003c/a> after taking ecstasy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cephalopods’ unexpected reactions to the drug shocked scientists, who didn’t expect such a shift in behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I found it incredibly fascinating. It fits in very nicely with a growing idea that there are lots of genetic mechanisms for social behaviors that are conserved across the animal kingdom,” said Robert Meisel, a neuroscientist at the University of Minnesota who was not involved with the study. “You will have animals that tend to live in isolation, and by something so simple as altering a chemical in the nervous system, you can change the behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"One day in a lab, scientists gave MDMA to four octopuses. Do not try this at home.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927470,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":625},"headData":{"title":"Octopuses Got High On Molly. Here’s What Happened Next | KQED","description":"One day in a lab, scientists gave MDMA to four octopuses. Do not try this at home.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Animals","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Jamie Leventhal, PBS NewsHour","path":"/science/1931626/octopuses-got-high-on-molly-heres-what-happened-next","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One day in a lab, scientists gave MDMA to four octopuses. Do not try this at home.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After putting the eight-legged sea creatures in beakers filled with dissolved ecstasy, scientists learned that the octopuses, known for their anti-social behavior, become more touchy-feely. This reaction suggests an evolutionary link between humans and octopuses through their social behavior, the scientists said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They reported their findings Thursday in \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(18)30991-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Current Biology\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Octopus intelligence rivals many mammals, and octopuses are the most behaviorally advanced invertebrates. Octopuses can complete mazes and escape from aquariums, but scientists previously believed that these cephalopods lack the social behaviors that often come in species with greater smarts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the new study shows octopuses can exhibit similar social behaviors as humans with a little push from ecstasy, despite drastic differences in their brains. If combined in the future with gene sequencing, the research may reveal the evolution of social behavior across species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans and octopuses diverged evolutionarily 500 million years ago, and a lot has changed since. Besides the obvious additional limbs, or tentacles, lack of spine and affinity for water, octopuses have vastly different central nervous systems compared to humans. For one, octopuses grow most their nerve cells (neurons) in their arms, and as a result, \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-mind-of-an-octopus/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">can taste and touch things without their brains being involved\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then in 2015, marine biologist Eric Edsinger \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14668\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">co-discovered a surprising genetic connection\u003c/a> between octopuses and humans. Genetic sequencing revealed that octopuses and humans share a nearly identical serotonin transporter, a protein that moves the chemical messenger serotonin between neurons.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serotonin transporters also mediate the psychological changes associated with taking ecstasy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were interested in the serotonin transporter because we knew that [it was] the principle binding site of MDMA,” said Gul Dolen, a neuroscientist at Johns Hopkins University who co-authored today’s study with Edsinger. “If we focused in on the parts of the protein that are really important for serotonin binding, then the similarity [between humans and octopuses] was over 95 percent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931628\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1931628\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-1020x720.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"452\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-1020x720.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-800x565.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-768x542.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-960x678.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-240x169.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-375x265.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-520x367.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two-spotted Octopus, Octopus bimaculoides, portrait at Sea of Cortez, Baja California Mexico. \u003ccite>(Luis Javier Sandoval/VW Pics/UIG via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dolen and Edsinger, who works at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Massachusetts, designed a simple experiment. They gathered nine octopuses of the species Octopus bimaculoides, exposed four of the invertebrates to MDMA and watched if they became more social. They compared the behaviors of these drugged subjects to five sober octopuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wild, Octopus bimaculoides is only friendly for brief periods of time while mating. Unlike humans, lab mice and other mammals, octopuses lack a nucleus accumbens, any folded cortex whatsoever and reward circuits — parts of the brain associated with behavioral changes from drug use.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Molly seemed to change their behavior during testing. When a tripped-out octopus interacted with its caged counterpart, its caresses appeared to be more exploratory rather than aggressive. This observation mirrors the human behavior of becoming more \u003ca href=\"http://www.cesar.umd.edu/cesar/drugs/ecstasy.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">social and touchy-feely\u003c/a> after taking ecstasy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cephalopods’ unexpected reactions to the drug shocked scientists, who didn’t expect such a shift in behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I found it incredibly fascinating. It fits in very nicely with a growing idea that there are lots of genetic mechanisms for social behaviors that are conserved across the animal kingdom,” said Robert Meisel, a neuroscientist at the University of Minnesota who was not involved with the study. “You will have animals that tend to live in isolation, and by something so simple as altering a chemical in the nervous system, you can change the behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1931626/octopuses-got-high-on-molly-heres-what-happened-next","authors":["byline_science_1931626"],"categories":["science_2874","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_3541","science_1479"],"featImg":"science_1931630","label":"source_science_1931626"},"science_1391513":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1391513","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1391513","score":null,"sort":[1487080851000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"if-your-hands-could-smell-youd-be-an-octopus","title":"If Your Hands Could Smell, You’d Be an Octopus","publishDate":1487080851,"format":"video","headTitle":"If Your Hands Could Smell, You’d Be an Octopus | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1935,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]Everyone knows that an octopus has eight arms. And similar to our arms, it uses them to grab things and move around. But that’s where the similarities end. Hundreds of suckers on each octopus arm give them abilities people can only dream about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the \u003ca href=\"http://www.aquariumofthebay.org/\">Aquarium of the Bay\u003c/a> in San Francisco, the Giant Pacific octopuses sometimes can be seen stretching out all eight arms at the same time. Each arm has up to 240 suckers running up and down its length.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When there’s food in the water, and they’re ready for it,” said aquarist Alex Reiss, “they’ll have their arms stuck out like a flower, trying to get as much surface as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the octopuses aren’t just using their arms to grab fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The suckers are hands that also smell and taste,” said Rich Ross, senior biologist and octopus aquarist at the \u003ca href=\"http://calacademy.org/\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> across town. “They’re smelling the water with their suckers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suckers are “very similar to our taste buds, from what little we know about them,” said University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill cephalopod biologist \u003ca href=\"http://labs.bio.unc.edu/Kier/\">William Kier\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1391522\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_OCTOPUS_PUSHES_SHELL_720.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1391522\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_OCTOPUS_PUSHES_SHELL_720.gif\" alt=\"A Larger Pacific striped octopus at the California Academy of Sciences, in San Francisco, pushes an empty shell away. The suckers on their arms, which can smell and taste, help octopuses find food.\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Larger Pacific striped octopus at the California Academy of Sciences, in San Francisco, pushes an empty shell away. The suckers on their arms, which can smell and taste, help octopuses find food. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If these tasting, smelling suckers make you think of a human hand with a tongue and a nose stuck to it, that’s a good start to understanding just how differently octopuses are organized than humans. It all stems from the unique challenges an octopus faces as a result of having a flexible, soft body. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This animal has no protection and is a wonderful meal because it’s all muscle,” said Kier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the octopus has adapted over time. It has about 500 million neurons (dogs have around 600 million), the cells that allow it to process and communicate information. And these neurons are distributed to make the most of its eight arms. An octopus’ central brain – located between its eyes – doesn’t control its every move. Instead, two thirds of the animal’s neurons are in its arms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s more efficient to put the nervous cells in the arm,” said neurobiologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.octopus.huji.ac.il/site/index.html\">Binyamin Hochner\u003c/a>, of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. “The arm is a brain of its own.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This enables octopus arms to operate somewhat independently from the animal’s central brain. The central brain tells the arms in what direction and how fast to move, but the instructions on how to reach are embedded in each arm. Octopus arms can also work autonomously when they’re searching, like when they’re looking for food under a rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The strange morphology of the octopus is part of an evolutionary process to enable highly complex behavior in a soft body,” said Hochner. “Everything developed in a different way to really enable the animal as a whole to create a rich behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1391641\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_DAY_OCTOPUS_SPREAD_OUT.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1391641\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_DAY_OCTOPUS_SPREAD_OUT-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"A Day octopus in its tank at the California Academy of Sciences, in San Francisco. Octopuses have hundreds of suckers up and down the length of each arm.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_DAY_OCTOPUS_SPREAD_OUT-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_DAY_OCTOPUS_SPREAD_OUT-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_DAY_OCTOPUS_SPREAD_OUT-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_DAY_OCTOPUS_SPREAD_OUT-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_DAY_OCTOPUS_SPREAD_OUT.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_DAY_OCTOPUS_SPREAD_OUT-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_DAY_OCTOPUS_SPREAD_OUT-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_DAY_OCTOPUS_SPREAD_OUT-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_DAY_OCTOPUS_SPREAD_OUT-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_DAY_OCTOPUS_SPREAD_OUT-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Day octopus in its tank at the California Academy of Sciences, in San Francisco. Octopuses have hundreds of suckers up and down the length of each arm. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Octopuses have also evolved mechanisms that allow their muscles to move without the use of a skeleton. This same muscle arrangement enables elephant trunks and mammals’ tongues to unfurl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The arrangement of the muscle in your tongue is similar to the arrangement in the octopus arm,” said Kier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an octopus arm, muscles are arranged in different directions. When one octopus muscle contracts, it’s able to stretch out again because other muscles oriented in a different direction offer resistance – just as the bones in vertebrate bodies do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1391516\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_ACETABULUM.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1391516\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_ACETABULUM-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"Inside each sucker is a chamber called the acetabulum (shown here in a drawing). The octopus contracts muscles in the wall of this chamber to create the sucker’s powerful grip. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_ACETABULUM-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_ACETABULUM-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_ACETABULUM-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_ACETABULUM-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_ACETABULUM.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_ACETABULUM-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_ACETABULUM-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_ACETABULUM-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_ACETABULUM-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_ACETABULUM-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inside each sucker is a chamber called the acetabulum (shown here in a drawing). The octopus contracts muscles in the wall of this chamber to create the sucker’s powerful grip. \u003ccite>(Teodros Hailye and Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This skeleton of muscle, called a muscular hydrostat, is how an octopus gets its suckers to attach to different surfaces. Each sucker first creates a water-tight seal. Then the octopus contracts strong muscles to expand the sucker’s water-filled chamber. This lowers the pressure inside. The higher pressure outside pushes against the sucker and creates its powerful grip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1391521\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_KEEPER_UNWINDS_OCTOPUS_ARM_720.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1391521\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_KEEPER_UNWINDS_OCTOPUS_ARM_720.gif\" alt=\"Ellen Umeda, aquarist at the Monterey Bay Aquarium, pulls a Giant Pacific octopus arm off her own arm. \" width=\"720\" height=\"405\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ellen Umeda, aquarist at the Monterey Bay Aquarium, pulls a Giant Pacific octopus arm off her own arm. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Octopus keepers at aquariums everywhere are intimately acquainted with that grip. At the \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/\">Monterey Bay Aquarium\u003c/a> recently, a reddish Giant Pacific octopus slid an arm outside its tank and wrapped it around aquarist Ellen Umeda’s arm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very unusual sensation. It feels like a bunch of suction cups slowly working up your arm,” said Umeda. As she carefully removed the arm, each sucker made a distinct sound, something like a loud slobbering kiss, and a line of red dots appeared on her arm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hickies feel a little sore, like any other bruise,” she said. “This may sound painful, but the octopus’ curiosity and excitement make up for it.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Hundreds of powerful suckers on octopus arms do more than just stick. They actually smell and taste too.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704929087,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":901},"headData":{"title":"If Your Hands Could Smell, You’d Be an Octopus | KQED","description":"Hundreds of powerful suckers on octopus arms do more than just stick. They actually smell and taste too.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XXMxihOh8ps","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1391513/if-your-hands-could-smell-youd-be-an-octopus","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"dl_subscribe","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Everyone knows that an octopus has eight arms. And similar to our arms, it uses them to grab things and move around. But that’s where the similarities end. Hundreds of suckers on each octopus arm give them abilities people can only dream about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the \u003ca href=\"http://www.aquariumofthebay.org/\">Aquarium of the Bay\u003c/a> in San Francisco, the Giant Pacific octopuses sometimes can be seen stretching out all eight arms at the same time. Each arm has up to 240 suckers running up and down its length.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When there’s food in the water, and they’re ready for it,” said aquarist Alex Reiss, “they’ll have their arms stuck out like a flower, trying to get as much surface as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the octopuses aren’t just using their arms to grab fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The suckers are hands that also smell and taste,” said Rich Ross, senior biologist and octopus aquarist at the \u003ca href=\"http://calacademy.org/\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> across town. “They’re smelling the water with their suckers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suckers are “very similar to our taste buds, from what little we know about them,” said University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill cephalopod biologist \u003ca href=\"http://labs.bio.unc.edu/Kier/\">William Kier\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1391522\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_OCTOPUS_PUSHES_SHELL_720.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1391522\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_OCTOPUS_PUSHES_SHELL_720.gif\" alt=\"A Larger Pacific striped octopus at the California Academy of Sciences, in San Francisco, pushes an empty shell away. The suckers on their arms, which can smell and taste, help octopuses find food.\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Larger Pacific striped octopus at the California Academy of Sciences, in San Francisco, pushes an empty shell away. The suckers on their arms, which can smell and taste, help octopuses find food. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If these tasting, smelling suckers make you think of a human hand with a tongue and a nose stuck to it, that’s a good start to understanding just how differently octopuses are organized than humans. It all stems from the unique challenges an octopus faces as a result of having a flexible, soft body. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This animal has no protection and is a wonderful meal because it’s all muscle,” said Kier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the octopus has adapted over time. It has about 500 million neurons (dogs have around 600 million), the cells that allow it to process and communicate information. And these neurons are distributed to make the most of its eight arms. An octopus’ central brain – located between its eyes – doesn’t control its every move. Instead, two thirds of the animal’s neurons are in its arms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s more efficient to put the nervous cells in the arm,” said neurobiologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.octopus.huji.ac.il/site/index.html\">Binyamin Hochner\u003c/a>, of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. “The arm is a brain of its own.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This enables octopus arms to operate somewhat independently from the animal’s central brain. The central brain tells the arms in what direction and how fast to move, but the instructions on how to reach are embedded in each arm. Octopus arms can also work autonomously when they’re searching, like when they’re looking for food under a rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The strange morphology of the octopus is part of an evolutionary process to enable highly complex behavior in a soft body,” said Hochner. “Everything developed in a different way to really enable the animal as a whole to create a rich behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1391641\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_DAY_OCTOPUS_SPREAD_OUT.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1391641\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_DAY_OCTOPUS_SPREAD_OUT-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"A Day octopus in its tank at the California Academy of Sciences, in San Francisco. Octopuses have hundreds of suckers up and down the length of each arm.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_DAY_OCTOPUS_SPREAD_OUT-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_DAY_OCTOPUS_SPREAD_OUT-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_DAY_OCTOPUS_SPREAD_OUT-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_DAY_OCTOPUS_SPREAD_OUT-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_DAY_OCTOPUS_SPREAD_OUT.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_DAY_OCTOPUS_SPREAD_OUT-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_DAY_OCTOPUS_SPREAD_OUT-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_DAY_OCTOPUS_SPREAD_OUT-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_DAY_OCTOPUS_SPREAD_OUT-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_DAY_OCTOPUS_SPREAD_OUT-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Day octopus in its tank at the California Academy of Sciences, in San Francisco. Octopuses have hundreds of suckers up and down the length of each arm. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Octopuses have also evolved mechanisms that allow their muscles to move without the use of a skeleton. This same muscle arrangement enables elephant trunks and mammals’ tongues to unfurl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The arrangement of the muscle in your tongue is similar to the arrangement in the octopus arm,” said Kier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an octopus arm, muscles are arranged in different directions. When one octopus muscle contracts, it’s able to stretch out again because other muscles oriented in a different direction offer resistance – just as the bones in vertebrate bodies do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1391516\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_ACETABULUM.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1391516\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_ACETABULUM-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"Inside each sucker is a chamber called the acetabulum (shown here in a drawing). The octopus contracts muscles in the wall of this chamber to create the sucker’s powerful grip. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_ACETABULUM-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_ACETABULUM-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_ACETABULUM-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_ACETABULUM-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_ACETABULUM.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_ACETABULUM-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_ACETABULUM-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_ACETABULUM-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_ACETABULUM-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_ACETABULUM-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inside each sucker is a chamber called the acetabulum (shown here in a drawing). The octopus contracts muscles in the wall of this chamber to create the sucker’s powerful grip. \u003ccite>(Teodros Hailye and Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This skeleton of muscle, called a muscular hydrostat, is how an octopus gets its suckers to attach to different surfaces. Each sucker first creates a water-tight seal. Then the octopus contracts strong muscles to expand the sucker’s water-filled chamber. This lowers the pressure inside. The higher pressure outside pushes against the sucker and creates its powerful grip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1391521\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_KEEPER_UNWINDS_OCTOPUS_ARM_720.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1391521\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/DL_404OctopusSuckers_KEEPER_UNWINDS_OCTOPUS_ARM_720.gif\" alt=\"Ellen Umeda, aquarist at the Monterey Bay Aquarium, pulls a Giant Pacific octopus arm off her own arm. \" width=\"720\" height=\"405\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ellen Umeda, aquarist at the Monterey Bay Aquarium, pulls a Giant Pacific octopus arm off her own arm. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Octopus keepers at aquariums everywhere are intimately acquainted with that grip. At the \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/\">Monterey Bay Aquarium\u003c/a> recently, a reddish Giant Pacific octopus slid an arm outside its tank and wrapped it around aquarist Ellen Umeda’s arm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very unusual sensation. It feels like a bunch of suction cups slowly working up your arm,” said Umeda. As she carefully removed the arm, each sucker made a distinct sound, something like a loud slobbering kiss, and a line of red dots appeared on her arm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hickies feel a little sore, like any other bruise,” she said. “This may sound painful, but the octopus’ curiosity and excitement make up for it.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1391513/if-your-hands-could-smell-youd-be-an-octopus","authors":["6186"],"series":["science_1935"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_86"],"tags":["science_1970","science_1479"],"featImg":"science_1391645","label":"science_1935"},"science_796256":{"type":"posts","id":"science_796256","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"796256","score":null,"sort":[1466780457000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"were-not-squidding-around-cephalopod-week-is-sure-to-suck-you-in","title":"We’re Not Squidding Around – Cephalopod Week Is Sure to Suck You In","publishDate":1466780457,"format":"standard","headTitle":"We’re Not Squidding Around – Cephalopod Week Is Sure to Suck You In | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>What ocean creature has three hearts, a good memory, and can squeeze through a hole the size of its eye?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yep, it’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencefriday.com/spotlights/cephalopod-week/\">Cephalopod Week\u003c/a>—a week devoted to celebrating the answer to that question, the octopus. And to honoring its cousins the squid, cuttlefish, and nautilus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cephalopods, if you know your etymology, are creatures whose feet attach to their heads (Greek: \u003cem>kephale\u003c/em>, for head, plus “pod” from root “ped”).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_796621\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-796621 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GPO2-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"The giant Pacific octopus is the largest octopus in the world, but that doesn't mean it's always easy to spot - like other octopuses, it changes its skin to match its surroundings and can squeeze its entire body through tiny crevices.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GPO2-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GPO2-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GPO2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GPO2-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GPO2.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The giant Pacific octopus is the largest octopus in the world, but that doesn’t mean it’s always easy to spot – like other octopuses, it changes its skin to match its surroundings and can squeeze its entire body through tiny crevices. \u003ccite>(Aquarium of the Bay)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They’ve been around for hundreds of millions of years and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(16)30319-0\">continue to be successful\u003c/a> despite today’s changing ocean. But research shows us they’re still full of surprises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists at UC Berkeley and the California Academy of Sciences recently set out to document an octopus species that has intrigued researchers for decades. Anecdotes about highly unusual gregarious behavior among Nicaragua’s Larger Pacific Striped Octopuses (LPSO) inspired Roy Caldwell and Richard Ross to transport several of the creatures to their labs in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_796606\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 994px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/LPSO3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-796606\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/LPSO3.jpg\" alt=\"The larger Pacific striped octopus .\" width=\"994\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/LPSO3.jpg 994w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/LPSO3-400x309.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/LPSO3-800x618.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/LPSO3-768x593.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/LPSO3-960x742.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 994px) 100vw, 994px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The larger Pacific striped octopus is the only octopus known to mate beak-to-beak. \u003ccite>(Richard Ross/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The larger Pacific striped octopus is becoming well-known for its impressive body pattern and fascinating behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0134152\">paper\u003c/a> published last fall, Caldwell and Ross revealed that the species indeed behaved in ways that were completely unique among octopuses. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2016/04/basic-instincts-octopus-mating/\">National Geographic\u003c/a> pointed out these fascinating new behaviors:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“[Larger Pacific Striped Octopuses] will share dens and meals, whereas most octopuses are loners (if not cannibals). LPSOs mate as often as daily, and females lay eggs over months; in most other species, females die after raising one brood. And though most octopuses couple warily, at arm’s length, LPSOs mate with the beaks on their undersides pressed together, as if kissing.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>See the behavior for yourself in \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4zDMXb7VvyM\">this video\u003c/a> from the California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But sometimes you don’t need to travel far to discover new octopus behavior – you just need to dive really, \u003cem>really\u003c/em> deep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_796393\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-796393\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/octomom-may2007-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"When this photo was taken by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute in May 2007, this octopus mom had over four years of egg brooding ahead of her.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/octomom-may2007-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/octomom-may2007-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/octomom-may2007-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/octomom-may2007-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/octomom-may2007.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/octomom-may2007-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/octomom-may2007-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When this photo was taken by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute in May 2007, this octopus mom had more than four years of egg brooding ahead of her on this deep ocean cliffside. \u003ccite>((c) 2007 MBARI)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One octopus species (\u003cem>Graneledone boreopacifica\u003c/em>) in Monterey Canyon (a deep ocean canyon off the central California coast) \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/07/30/deep-sea-octopus-is-mother-of-the-year/\">broke records\u003c/a> when, for 53 months straight, a female was seen brooding her eggs in the exact same spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perched on a rock wall more than 4,500 feet below the surface, she was first spotted in 2001 when the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbari.org/\">Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute\u003c/a> (MBARI) sent a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) down on a survey. She now holds the record for the longest known egg-brooding period of any animal (the elephant, admired by us mammals for its lengthy gestation period, carries her young for 22 months, less than half as long).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_796613\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-796613\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/nautilus-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"The chambered nautilus (Nautilus pompilius) is found in tropical waters and maybe even your local aquarium. \" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/nautilus-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/nautilus-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/nautilus-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/nautilus-1440x961.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/nautilus-1920x1282.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/nautilus-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/nautilus-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The chambered nautilus (Nautilus pompilius) is found in tropical waters and maybe even your local aquarium. \u003ccite>(Monterey Bay Aquarium)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Unlike their egg-brooding octopus cousins, most squid species lay eggs and move on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in another deep-sea motherhood feat revealed by ROV footage, MBARI researchers discovered that a squid species called \u003cem>Gonatus onyx\u003c/em> carries her eggs. Brad Seibel, a scientist working at MBARI when they first discovered the egg brooding, shared his initial reaction with \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencefriday.com/articles/the-rare-sight-of-a-brooding-squid/\">Science Friday\u003c/a> this week:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was just struck by how motionless she was. The fins were barely moving, but the entire egg mass and the animal were horizontal, just hovering completely motionless in mid-water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_796392\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-796392\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/gonatus-brooding-2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The squid Gonatus onyx uses hooks under her arms to hold her egg mass as she drifts in the deep sea.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/gonatus-brooding-2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/gonatus-brooding-2-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/gonatus-brooding-2-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/gonatus-brooding-2-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/gonatus-brooding-2-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/gonatus-brooding-2-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/gonatus-brooding-2-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/gonatus-brooding-2.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The squid Gonatus onyx uses hooks under her arms to hold her egg mass as she drifts in the deep sea. \u003ccite>((c) 2002 MBARI)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And the discoveries don’t stop there. Check out these recent developments in our ever-evolving cephalopod knowledge:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8702876\">\u003cstrong>Second egg-brooding squid species discovered\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>: There’s beautiful footage at 1:20 in this \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6Rd1xVQ-o4\">MBARI video\u003c/a> of the only two squid species known (so far) to carry their eggs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v524/n7564/full/nature14668.html\">\u003cstrong>First whole octopus genome sequenced\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>: The California two-spot octopus (\u003cem>Octopus bimaculoides\u003c/em>) recently became the first octopus to have its entire genome sequenced. See their fascinating findings in this \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=634j7m5U5II\">video\u003c/a> by Nature.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencefriday.com/videos/a-shot-in-the-dark-alternative-uses-for-squid-ink\">\u003cstrong>Why do deep sea squids make ink?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> MBARI postdoctoral fellow \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbari.org/bush-stephanie/\">Stephanie Bush\u003c/a> explains the potential reasons in this Science Friday video.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Want to celebrate Cephalopod Week by seeing some in person? Visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/\">Monterey Bay Aquarium’s\u003c/a> Tentacles exhibit, catch a \u003ca href=\"http://aquariumofthebay.org/plan-a-visit/daily-programs\">daily squid dissection\u003c/a> at Aquarium of the Bay, or see the Larger Pacific Striped Octopus at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"To celebrate the end of Cephalopod Week, check out our favorite videos and amazing facts about these smart and slippery sea creatures.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704930019,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":825},"headData":{"title":"We’re Not Squidding Around – Cephalopod Week Is Sure to Suck You In | KQED","description":"To celebrate the end of Cephalopod Week, check out our favorite videos and amazing facts about these smart and slippery sea creatures.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/796256/were-not-squidding-around-cephalopod-week-is-sure-to-suck-you-in","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>What ocean creature has three hearts, a good memory, and can squeeze through a hole the size of its eye?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yep, it’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencefriday.com/spotlights/cephalopod-week/\">Cephalopod Week\u003c/a>—a week devoted to celebrating the answer to that question, the octopus. And to honoring its cousins the squid, cuttlefish, and nautilus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cephalopods, if you know your etymology, are creatures whose feet attach to their heads (Greek: \u003cem>kephale\u003c/em>, for head, plus “pod” from root “ped”).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_796621\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-796621 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GPO2-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"The giant Pacific octopus is the largest octopus in the world, but that doesn't mean it's always easy to spot - like other octopuses, it changes its skin to match its surroundings and can squeeze its entire body through tiny crevices.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GPO2-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GPO2-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GPO2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GPO2-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GPO2.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The giant Pacific octopus is the largest octopus in the world, but that doesn’t mean it’s always easy to spot – like other octopuses, it changes its skin to match its surroundings and can squeeze its entire body through tiny crevices. \u003ccite>(Aquarium of the Bay)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They’ve been around for hundreds of millions of years and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(16)30319-0\">continue to be successful\u003c/a> despite today’s changing ocean. But research shows us they’re still full of surprises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists at UC Berkeley and the California Academy of Sciences recently set out to document an octopus species that has intrigued researchers for decades. Anecdotes about highly unusual gregarious behavior among Nicaragua’s Larger Pacific Striped Octopuses (LPSO) inspired Roy Caldwell and Richard Ross to transport several of the creatures to their labs in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_796606\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 994px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/LPSO3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-796606\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/LPSO3.jpg\" alt=\"The larger Pacific striped octopus .\" width=\"994\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/LPSO3.jpg 994w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/LPSO3-400x309.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/LPSO3-800x618.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/LPSO3-768x593.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/LPSO3-960x742.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 994px) 100vw, 994px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The larger Pacific striped octopus is the only octopus known to mate beak-to-beak. \u003ccite>(Richard Ross/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The larger Pacific striped octopus is becoming well-known for its impressive body pattern and fascinating behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0134152\">paper\u003c/a> published last fall, Caldwell and Ross revealed that the species indeed behaved in ways that were completely unique among octopuses. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2016/04/basic-instincts-octopus-mating/\">National Geographic\u003c/a> pointed out these fascinating new behaviors:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“[Larger Pacific Striped Octopuses] will share dens and meals, whereas most octopuses are loners (if not cannibals). LPSOs mate as often as daily, and females lay eggs over months; in most other species, females die after raising one brood. And though most octopuses couple warily, at arm’s length, LPSOs mate with the beaks on their undersides pressed together, as if kissing.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>See the behavior for yourself in \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4zDMXb7VvyM\">this video\u003c/a> from the California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But sometimes you don’t need to travel far to discover new octopus behavior – you just need to dive really, \u003cem>really\u003c/em> deep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_796393\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-796393\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/octomom-may2007-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"When this photo was taken by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute in May 2007, this octopus mom had over four years of egg brooding ahead of her.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/octomom-may2007-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/octomom-may2007-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/octomom-may2007-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/octomom-may2007-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/octomom-may2007.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/octomom-may2007-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/octomom-may2007-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When this photo was taken by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute in May 2007, this octopus mom had more than four years of egg brooding ahead of her on this deep ocean cliffside. \u003ccite>((c) 2007 MBARI)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One octopus species (\u003cem>Graneledone boreopacifica\u003c/em>) in Monterey Canyon (a deep ocean canyon off the central California coast) \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/07/30/deep-sea-octopus-is-mother-of-the-year/\">broke records\u003c/a> when, for 53 months straight, a female was seen brooding her eggs in the exact same spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perched on a rock wall more than 4,500 feet below the surface, she was first spotted in 2001 when the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbari.org/\">Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute\u003c/a> (MBARI) sent a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) down on a survey. She now holds the record for the longest known egg-brooding period of any animal (the elephant, admired by us mammals for its lengthy gestation period, carries her young for 22 months, less than half as long).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_796613\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-796613\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/nautilus-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"The chambered nautilus (Nautilus pompilius) is found in tropical waters and maybe even your local aquarium. \" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/nautilus-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/nautilus-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/nautilus-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/nautilus-1440x961.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/nautilus-1920x1282.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/nautilus-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/nautilus-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The chambered nautilus (Nautilus pompilius) is found in tropical waters and maybe even your local aquarium. \u003ccite>(Monterey Bay Aquarium)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Unlike their egg-brooding octopus cousins, most squid species lay eggs and move on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in another deep-sea motherhood feat revealed by ROV footage, MBARI researchers discovered that a squid species called \u003cem>Gonatus onyx\u003c/em> carries her eggs. Brad Seibel, a scientist working at MBARI when they first discovered the egg brooding, shared his initial reaction with \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencefriday.com/articles/the-rare-sight-of-a-brooding-squid/\">Science Friday\u003c/a> this week:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was just struck by how motionless she was. The fins were barely moving, but the entire egg mass and the animal were horizontal, just hovering completely motionless in mid-water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_796392\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-796392\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/gonatus-brooding-2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The squid Gonatus onyx uses hooks under her arms to hold her egg mass as she drifts in the deep sea.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/gonatus-brooding-2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/gonatus-brooding-2-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/gonatus-brooding-2-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/gonatus-brooding-2-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/gonatus-brooding-2-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/gonatus-brooding-2-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/gonatus-brooding-2-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/gonatus-brooding-2.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The squid Gonatus onyx uses hooks under her arms to hold her egg mass as she drifts in the deep sea. \u003ccite>((c) 2002 MBARI)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And the discoveries don’t stop there. Check out these recent developments in our ever-evolving cephalopod knowledge:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8702876\">\u003cstrong>Second egg-brooding squid species discovered\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>: There’s beautiful footage at 1:20 in this \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6Rd1xVQ-o4\">MBARI video\u003c/a> of the only two squid species known (so far) to carry their eggs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v524/n7564/full/nature14668.html\">\u003cstrong>First whole octopus genome sequenced\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>: The California two-spot octopus (\u003cem>Octopus bimaculoides\u003c/em>) recently became the first octopus to have its entire genome sequenced. See their fascinating findings in this \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=634j7m5U5II\">video\u003c/a> by Nature.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencefriday.com/videos/a-shot-in-the-dark-alternative-uses-for-squid-ink\">\u003cstrong>Why do deep sea squids make ink?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> MBARI postdoctoral fellow \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbari.org/bush-stephanie/\">Stephanie Bush\u003c/a> explains the potential reasons in this Science Friday video.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Want to celebrate Cephalopod Week by seeing some in person? Visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/\">Monterey Bay Aquarium’s\u003c/a> Tentacles exhibit, catch a \u003ca href=\"http://aquariumofthebay.org/plan-a-visit/daily-programs\">daily squid dissection\u003c/a> at Aquarium of the Bay, or see the Larger Pacific Striped Octopus at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/796256/were-not-squidding-around-cephalopod-week-is-sure-to-suck-you-in","authors":["11254"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_35","science_2873"],"tags":["science_1479","science_767"],"featImg":"science_796728","label":"science"},"science_233664":{"type":"posts","id":"science_233664","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"233664","score":null,"sort":[1441739103000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"youre-not-hallucinating-thats-just-squid-skin","title":"You're Not Hallucinating. That's Just Squid Skin.","publishDate":1441739103,"format":"video","headTitle":"You’re Not Hallucinating. That’s Just Squid Skin. | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1935,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]For an animal with such a humble name, market squid have a spectacularly hypnotic appearance. Streaks and waves of color flicker and radiate across their skin. Other creatures may posses the ability to change color, but squid and their relatives are without equal when it comes to controlling their appearance and new research may illuminate how they do it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_242132\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/squid-skin.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/squid-skin.gif\" alt=\"Market squid skin changes color and pattern \" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" class=\"size-full wp-image-242132\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Market squid skin is covered in chromatophores that expand and shrink to change the animal’s skin color or create camouflaging patterns \u003ccite>((Josh Cassidy/KQED))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Octopuses, cuttlefish and squid belong to a class of animals referred to as cephalopods. These animals, widely regarded as the most intelligent of the invertebrates, use their color change abilities for both concealment and communication. Their ability to hide is critical to their survival since, with the exception of the nautiluses, these squishy and often delicious animals live without the protection of protective external shells. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_242133\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/cuttlefish-and-squid.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/cuttlefish-and-squid-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Cuttlefish and octopuses use closely packed chromatophores to match the color of their surroundings\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-242133\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/cuttlefish-and-squid-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/cuttlefish-and-squid-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/cuttlefish-and-squid-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/cuttlefish-and-squid.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/cuttlefish-and-squid-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/cuttlefish-and-squid-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cuttlefish and octopuses use closely packed chromatophores to match the color of their surroundings \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To actually control the color of their skin, cephalopods use tiny organs in their skin called chromatophores. Each tiny chromatophore is basically a sac filled with pigment. Minute muscles tug on the sac, spreading it wide and exposing the colored pigment to any light hitting the skin. When the muscles relax, the colored areas shrink back into tiny spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_242136\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Chromatophores02.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Chromatophores02.gif\" alt=\"Tiny muscles expand chromatophores making the colored spots grow.\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" class=\"size-full wp-image-242136\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tiny muscles expand chromatophores making the colored spots grow. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Because the system is based on the action of quick responding muscles, cephalopods are able to change colors almost instantly and can produce spectacularly intricate patterns to break up their outline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_242135\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/octopus-skin-looks-like-stone.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/octopus-skin-looks-like-stone-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Octopuses can mimic the color of stone\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-242135\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/octopus-skin-looks-like-stone-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/octopus-skin-looks-like-stone-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/octopus-skin-looks-like-stone-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/octopus-skin-looks-like-stone.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/octopus-skin-looks-like-stone-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/octopus-skin-looks-like-stone-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Day octopuses, like this one at California Academy of Sciences, can adjust their skin color, texture and body position to mimic a rock \u003ccite>((Josh Cassidy/KQED))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www-marine.stanford.edu/profiles/chromatophores.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hannah Rosen\u003c/a>, a PhD candidate at \u003ca href=\"http://hopkinsmarinestation.stanford.edu/\">Stanford University’s Hopkins Marine Station\u003c/a> in Pacific Grove, is studying how exactly these animals control this dramatic light show. Squid are notoriously difficult to keep in captivity, so the first step toward studying them is to to head out into Monterey Bay to catch some specimens. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosen isn’t the only one fishing for squid. But while the squid aboard most of the fishing boats in the bay will end up served as calamari, the squid Rosen catches may help explain the mystery of how these creatures control their color change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_242137\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/squid-squirm2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/squid-squirm2-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Market squid showing movement in once paralyzed chromatophores \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-242137\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/squid-squirm2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/squid-squirm2-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/squid-squirm2-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/squid-squirm2-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/squid-squirm2-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/squid-squirm2-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">After a few days, the chromatophores on this market squid’s left side began moving despite being disconnected from the brain’s signals \u003ccite>((Josh Cassidy/KQED))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Her research includes snipping a nerve that connects the brain to the chromatophores on one side of the squid’s body. When Rosen does this, the chromatophores on that side immediately relax and shrink to tiny spots, while the chromatophores on the intact side continue to flash normally. After a few days, some of the chromatophores on the paralyzed side began to move again, as if they were getting a signal from somewhere other than the squid’s brain. This phenomenon, Rosen says, is what fascinates her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosen also tests how the fresh dead squid skin reacts to electric voltages when exposed to different pharmaceutical drugs in order to track down the neurological pathways involved. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_242138\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/squid-skin-in-lab.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/squid-skin-in-lab.gif\" alt=\"By testing how they react to specific chemicals, Rosen hopes to discover exactly how squid control their chromatophores.\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" class=\"size-full wp-image-242138\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">By testing how they react to specific chemicals, Rosen hopes to discover exactly how squid control their chromatophores. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While it’s still early to say, one possibility is that the skin itself is able to see and stimulate the chromatophores locally, bypassing the brain. A recent study at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Mass., indicates that cuttlefish skin has light-sensing cells. Further investigation may help researchers understand how much of the color change control comes from the brain and how much is controlled by the skin itself. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more info, you can visit:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Academy of Sciences – \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/exhibits/color-of-life\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Color of Life Exhibit\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nMonterey Bay Aquarium – \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/animals-and-experiences/exhibits/tentacles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tentacles Exhibit\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Octopuses and cuttlefish are masters of underwater camouflage, blending in seamlessly against a rock or coral. But squid have to hide in the open ocean, mimicking the subtle interplay of light, water, and waves. How do they do it?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704931331,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":658},"headData":{"title":"You're Not Hallucinating. That's Just Squid Skin. | KQED","description":"Octopuses and cuttlefish are masters of underwater camouflage, blending in seamlessly against a rock or coral. But squid have to hide in the open ocean, mimicking the subtle interplay of light, water, and waves. How do they do it?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wtLrlIKvJE","sticky":false,"path":"/science/233664/youre-not-hallucinating-thats-just-squid-skin","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"dl_subscribe","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>For an animal with such a humble name, market squid have a spectacularly hypnotic appearance. Streaks and waves of color flicker and radiate across their skin. Other creatures may posses the ability to change color, but squid and their relatives are without equal when it comes to controlling their appearance and new research may illuminate how they do it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_242132\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/squid-skin.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/squid-skin.gif\" alt=\"Market squid skin changes color and pattern \" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" class=\"size-full wp-image-242132\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Market squid skin is covered in chromatophores that expand and shrink to change the animal’s skin color or create camouflaging patterns \u003ccite>((Josh Cassidy/KQED))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Octopuses, cuttlefish and squid belong to a class of animals referred to as cephalopods. These animals, widely regarded as the most intelligent of the invertebrates, use their color change abilities for both concealment and communication. Their ability to hide is critical to their survival since, with the exception of the nautiluses, these squishy and often delicious animals live without the protection of protective external shells. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_242133\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/cuttlefish-and-squid.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/cuttlefish-and-squid-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Cuttlefish and octopuses use closely packed chromatophores to match the color of their surroundings\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-242133\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/cuttlefish-and-squid-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/cuttlefish-and-squid-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/cuttlefish-and-squid-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/cuttlefish-and-squid.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/cuttlefish-and-squid-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/cuttlefish-and-squid-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cuttlefish and octopuses use closely packed chromatophores to match the color of their surroundings \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To actually control the color of their skin, cephalopods use tiny organs in their skin called chromatophores. Each tiny chromatophore is basically a sac filled with pigment. Minute muscles tug on the sac, spreading it wide and exposing the colored pigment to any light hitting the skin. When the muscles relax, the colored areas shrink back into tiny spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_242136\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Chromatophores02.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Chromatophores02.gif\" alt=\"Tiny muscles expand chromatophores making the colored spots grow.\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" class=\"size-full wp-image-242136\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tiny muscles expand chromatophores making the colored spots grow. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Because the system is based on the action of quick responding muscles, cephalopods are able to change colors almost instantly and can produce spectacularly intricate patterns to break up their outline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_242135\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/octopus-skin-looks-like-stone.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/octopus-skin-looks-like-stone-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Octopuses can mimic the color of stone\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-242135\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/octopus-skin-looks-like-stone-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/octopus-skin-looks-like-stone-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/octopus-skin-looks-like-stone-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/octopus-skin-looks-like-stone.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/octopus-skin-looks-like-stone-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/octopus-skin-looks-like-stone-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Day octopuses, like this one at California Academy of Sciences, can adjust their skin color, texture and body position to mimic a rock \u003ccite>((Josh Cassidy/KQED))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www-marine.stanford.edu/profiles/chromatophores.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hannah Rosen\u003c/a>, a PhD candidate at \u003ca href=\"http://hopkinsmarinestation.stanford.edu/\">Stanford University’s Hopkins Marine Station\u003c/a> in Pacific Grove, is studying how exactly these animals control this dramatic light show. Squid are notoriously difficult to keep in captivity, so the first step toward studying them is to to head out into Monterey Bay to catch some specimens. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosen isn’t the only one fishing for squid. But while the squid aboard most of the fishing boats in the bay will end up served as calamari, the squid Rosen catches may help explain the mystery of how these creatures control their color change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_242137\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/squid-squirm2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/squid-squirm2-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Market squid showing movement in once paralyzed chromatophores \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-242137\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/squid-squirm2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/squid-squirm2-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/squid-squirm2-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/squid-squirm2-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/squid-squirm2-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/squid-squirm2-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">After a few days, the chromatophores on this market squid’s left side began moving despite being disconnected from the brain’s signals \u003ccite>((Josh Cassidy/KQED))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Her research includes snipping a nerve that connects the brain to the chromatophores on one side of the squid’s body. When Rosen does this, the chromatophores on that side immediately relax and shrink to tiny spots, while the chromatophores on the intact side continue to flash normally. After a few days, some of the chromatophores on the paralyzed side began to move again, as if they were getting a signal from somewhere other than the squid’s brain. This phenomenon, Rosen says, is what fascinates her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosen also tests how the fresh dead squid skin reacts to electric voltages when exposed to different pharmaceutical drugs in order to track down the neurological pathways involved. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_242138\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/squid-skin-in-lab.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/squid-skin-in-lab.gif\" alt=\"By testing how they react to specific chemicals, Rosen hopes to discover exactly how squid control their chromatophores.\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" class=\"size-full wp-image-242138\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">By testing how they react to specific chemicals, Rosen hopes to discover exactly how squid control their chromatophores. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While it’s still early to say, one possibility is that the skin itself is able to see and stimulate the chromatophores locally, bypassing the brain. A recent study at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Mass., indicates that cuttlefish skin has light-sensing cells. Further investigation may help researchers understand how much of the color change control comes from the brain and how much is controlled by the skin itself. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more info, you can visit:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Academy of Sciences – \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/exhibits/color-of-life\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Color of Life Exhibit\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nMonterey Bay Aquarium – \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/animals-and-experiences/exhibits/tentacles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tentacles Exhibit\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/233664/youre-not-hallucinating-thats-just-squid-skin","authors":["6219"],"series":["science_1935"],"categories":["science_30","science_35","science_86"],"tags":["science_1970","science_324","science_1479","science_325","science_309","science_767"],"featImg":"science_242226","label":"science_1935"},"science_197792":{"type":"posts","id":"science_197792","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"197792","score":null,"sort":[1440446276000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"harlequin-octopus-makes-scientists-question-anti-social-stereotypes","title":"Harlequin Octopus Makes Scientists Question 'Anti-Social' Stereotypes","publishDate":1440446276,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Harlequin Octopus Makes Scientists Question ‘Anti-Social’ Stereotypes | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Octopuses are notoriously anti-social—if you put more than one in a tank, they’ll attack each other. And they certainly don’t form family ties—females are prone to eating males after mating, and they usually die when their eggs hatch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, in a recent study from UC Berkeley and the California Academy of Sciences, a mud-dwelling “harlequin octopus” defies all such stereotypes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As reported August 12 in the journal \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0134152\">PLoS ONE\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, members of this species—the larger Pacific striped octopus–will happily cohabit with their partners, share food and watch their eggs hatch for months on end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The roots of this paradigm-altering discovery reach back forty years and down 5,000 miles of coastline, to the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Radical News From Panama\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ib.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/caldwellr\">Roy Caldwell\u003c/a>, professor of biology at UC Berkeley and first author of the octopus study, was on sabbatical in Panama when he met biologist \u003ca href=\"http://arcadio.rodaniche.com/index2.html\">Arcadio Rodaniche\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Caldwell was hunting for the colorful shrimp that are his primary research interest, he says, “I caught three or four little striped octopuses; they came out of the rocks. Arcadio told me they were \u003cem>chierchiae\u003c/em>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Octopus chierchiae\u003c/em> is a tiny species, about the size of a quarter, sometimes called the lesser Pacific striped octopus. That’s in comparison to the \u003cem>larger\u003c/em> Pacific striped octopus, which is baseball-sized, and so poorly known it doesn’t have an official scientific name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_200274\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/rodaniche.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-200274\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/rodaniche-400x418.png\" alt=\"A painting by Rodaniche of the larger Pacific striped octopus.\" width=\"400\" height=\"418\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/rodaniche-400x418.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/rodaniche-800x835.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/rodaniche-1180x1232.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/rodaniche-960x1002.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/rodaniche-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/rodaniche.png 1210w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A painting by Panamanian biologist and artist Arcadio Rodaniche of the larger Pacific striped octopus. \u003ccite>(Arcadio Rodaniche)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Both lesser and larger species are called “harlequin octopuses” because of the dramatic stripes and spots they often display, which are unique to individuals—like fingerprints. And both species, it seems, have never heard that laying eggs is supposed to be fatal for octopuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I brought [the lesser Pacific striped octopuses] back to Berkeley because I thought they’d be neat to photograph,” says Caldwell, who is skilled behind the lens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One female laid eggs right away and I was very bummed out, I thought she was going to die. She didn’t, she laid three more clutches.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Rodaniche was making even more extraordinary discoveries about \u003cem>O. chierchiae’\u003c/em>s bigger cousins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to laying eggs for an extended time, mating pairs of larger Pacific striped octopuses sometimes shared a single den. Perhaps strangest of all, they mated beak-to-beak—an incredibly risky position if either partner is concerned about post-coital cannibalism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Males of other octopus species take more sensible precautions, either handing over sperm at arm’s length or mounting the female from behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodaniche’s observations of the larger octopus, and to an extent Caldwell’s of the lesser, could have overturned years of octopus dogma. But neither set was published.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_200277\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/mom-and-baby.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-200277 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/mom-and-baby-400x453.jpg\" alt=\"Female and hatchling larger Pacific striped octopuse\" width=\"400\" height=\"453\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/mom-and-baby-400x453.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/mom-and-baby-800x906.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/mom-and-baby-960x1087.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/mom-and-baby.jpg 1060w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Female larger Pacific striped octopuses watch their eggs hatch for months as they continue to lay more. \u003ccite>(Roy Caldwell)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Caldwell says he “was too naive” to realize how unusual it was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodaniche, a specialist on squid and octopus, did submit a scientific paper—but the journal rejected it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They weren’t ready to accept my findings,” he says. “I shelved the whole thing until Roy found some animals and contacted me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vindication at Last\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, Caldwell and co-author \u003ca href=\"http://packedhead.net/about/\">Richard Ross\u003c/a> of the Steinhart Aquarium had been working with \u003cem>O. chierchiae\u003c/em>, the lesser Pacific striped octopus, when the collector who was supplying them unexpectedly sent a much bigger specimen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was, of course, a larger Pacific striped octopus—which no scientist had seen or studied for decades. “It felt like suddenly we got Bigfoot in the lab,” says Ross. “And then it was a race to make sure we got all the specimens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The passage of time had not changed this species’ mating preference. Couples still joined beak-to-beak, as Rodaniche had observed. One mating pair cohabited for days in the same den, and even shared food—also beak-to-beak, like the famous \u003ca href=\"http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/SpaghettiKiss\">spaghetti kiss\u003c/a> from \u003cem>Lady and the Tramp\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further verifying Rodaniche’s original report, the females laid eggs for months on end, long after the first-laid eggs began to hatch. And unlike other octopus species, in which mothers stop eating to care for their eggs, these females continued to eat—and mate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Is This Octopus Such an Oddball?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caldwell thinks most of the larger Pacific striped octopus’s unusual behavior stems from the females’ extended spawning period. “She couldn’t possibly go that long without eating,” he says. “And she probably has to replenish her sperm supply, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mating beak-to-beak allows a female to keep an eye on the eggs she’s already laid while collecting new sperm. Sharing dens and food could also make it easier for her to multi-task.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, their unique body patterns may allow larger Pacific striped octopuses to recognize each other, an ability that could \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0018710\">minimize aggression\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n[jwplayer mediaid=”200726″]\u003cbr>\nBut \u003cem>O. chierchiae\u003c/em>, the lesser Pacific striped octopus, has unique patterns too, as well as an extended spawning period. Yet its behavior is more typically anti-social.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m much more scared putting the \u003cem>chierchiae\u003c/em> together,” says Ross. He suggests that the differences between the two species may be due to their different habitats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>O. chierchiae\u003c/em> lives in rocky tidepools, a constantly changing environment which could make it difficult to build relationships. The larger Pacific striped octopus lives deeper, on muddy seafloors. This relatively stable habitat might be better suited to the evolution of gregarious behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know yet if they’re truly social,” cautions co-author \u003ca href=\"http://crissyhuffard.com/\">Christine Huffard\u003c/a> of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. But the possibility exists. “The type of behaviors we’ve seen, like food sharing and den sharing, that’s just in the laboratory. We’d probably see much more complex behaviors in the wild.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704931399,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":1064},"headData":{"title":"Harlequin Octopus Makes Scientists Question 'Anti-Social' Stereotypes | KQED","description":"Octopuses are notoriously anti-social—if you put more than one in a tank, they'll attack each other. And they certainly don't form family ties—females are prone to eating males after mating, and they usually die when their eggs hatch. However, in a recent study from UC Berkeley and the California Academy of Sciences, a mud-dwelling "harlequin octopus"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/197792/harlequin-octopus-makes-scientists-question-anti-social-stereotypes","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Octopuses are notoriously anti-social—if you put more than one in a tank, they’ll attack each other. And they certainly don’t form family ties—females are prone to eating males after mating, and they usually die when their eggs hatch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, in a recent study from UC Berkeley and the California Academy of Sciences, a mud-dwelling “harlequin octopus” defies all such stereotypes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As reported August 12 in the journal \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0134152\">PLoS ONE\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, members of this species—the larger Pacific striped octopus–will happily cohabit with their partners, share food and watch their eggs hatch for months on end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The roots of this paradigm-altering discovery reach back forty years and down 5,000 miles of coastline, to the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Radical News From Panama\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ib.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/caldwellr\">Roy Caldwell\u003c/a>, professor of biology at UC Berkeley and first author of the octopus study, was on sabbatical in Panama when he met biologist \u003ca href=\"http://arcadio.rodaniche.com/index2.html\">Arcadio Rodaniche\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Caldwell was hunting for the colorful shrimp that are his primary research interest, he says, “I caught three or four little striped octopuses; they came out of the rocks. Arcadio told me they were \u003cem>chierchiae\u003c/em>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Octopus chierchiae\u003c/em> is a tiny species, about the size of a quarter, sometimes called the lesser Pacific striped octopus. That’s in comparison to the \u003cem>larger\u003c/em> Pacific striped octopus, which is baseball-sized, and so poorly known it doesn’t have an official scientific name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_200274\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/rodaniche.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-200274\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/rodaniche-400x418.png\" alt=\"A painting by Rodaniche of the larger Pacific striped octopus.\" width=\"400\" height=\"418\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/rodaniche-400x418.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/rodaniche-800x835.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/rodaniche-1180x1232.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/rodaniche-960x1002.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/rodaniche-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/rodaniche.png 1210w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A painting by Panamanian biologist and artist Arcadio Rodaniche of the larger Pacific striped octopus. \u003ccite>(Arcadio Rodaniche)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Both lesser and larger species are called “harlequin octopuses” because of the dramatic stripes and spots they often display, which are unique to individuals—like fingerprints. And both species, it seems, have never heard that laying eggs is supposed to be fatal for octopuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I brought [the lesser Pacific striped octopuses] back to Berkeley because I thought they’d be neat to photograph,” says Caldwell, who is skilled behind the lens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One female laid eggs right away and I was very bummed out, I thought she was going to die. She didn’t, she laid three more clutches.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Rodaniche was making even more extraordinary discoveries about \u003cem>O. chierchiae’\u003c/em>s bigger cousins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to laying eggs for an extended time, mating pairs of larger Pacific striped octopuses sometimes shared a single den. Perhaps strangest of all, they mated beak-to-beak—an incredibly risky position if either partner is concerned about post-coital cannibalism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Males of other octopus species take more sensible precautions, either handing over sperm at arm’s length or mounting the female from behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodaniche’s observations of the larger octopus, and to an extent Caldwell’s of the lesser, could have overturned years of octopus dogma. But neither set was published.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_200277\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/mom-and-baby.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-200277 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/mom-and-baby-400x453.jpg\" alt=\"Female and hatchling larger Pacific striped octopuse\" width=\"400\" height=\"453\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/mom-and-baby-400x453.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/mom-and-baby-800x906.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/mom-and-baby-960x1087.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/mom-and-baby.jpg 1060w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Female larger Pacific striped octopuses watch their eggs hatch for months as they continue to lay more. \u003ccite>(Roy Caldwell)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Caldwell says he “was too naive” to realize how unusual it was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodaniche, a specialist on squid and octopus, did submit a scientific paper—but the journal rejected it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They weren’t ready to accept my findings,” he says. “I shelved the whole thing until Roy found some animals and contacted me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vindication at Last\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, Caldwell and co-author \u003ca href=\"http://packedhead.net/about/\">Richard Ross\u003c/a> of the Steinhart Aquarium had been working with \u003cem>O. chierchiae\u003c/em>, the lesser Pacific striped octopus, when the collector who was supplying them unexpectedly sent a much bigger specimen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was, of course, a larger Pacific striped octopus—which no scientist had seen or studied for decades. “It felt like suddenly we got Bigfoot in the lab,” says Ross. “And then it was a race to make sure we got all the specimens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The passage of time had not changed this species’ mating preference. Couples still joined beak-to-beak, as Rodaniche had observed. One mating pair cohabited for days in the same den, and even shared food—also beak-to-beak, like the famous \u003ca href=\"http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/SpaghettiKiss\">spaghetti kiss\u003c/a> from \u003cem>Lady and the Tramp\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further verifying Rodaniche’s original report, the females laid eggs for months on end, long after the first-laid eggs began to hatch. And unlike other octopus species, in which mothers stop eating to care for their eggs, these females continued to eat—and mate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Is This Octopus Such an Oddball?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caldwell thinks most of the larger Pacific striped octopus’s unusual behavior stems from the females’ extended spawning period. “She couldn’t possibly go that long without eating,” he says. “And she probably has to replenish her sperm supply, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mating beak-to-beak allows a female to keep an eye on the eggs she’s already laid while collecting new sperm. Sharing dens and food could also make it easier for her to multi-task.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, their unique body patterns may allow larger Pacific striped octopuses to recognize each other, an ability that could \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0018710\">minimize aggression\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n[jwplayer mediaid=”200726″]\u003cbr>\nBut \u003cem>O. chierchiae\u003c/em>, the lesser Pacific striped octopus, has unique patterns too, as well as an extended spawning period. Yet its behavior is more typically anti-social.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m much more scared putting the \u003cem>chierchiae\u003c/em> together,” says Ross. He suggests that the differences between the two species may be due to their different habitats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>O. chierchiae\u003c/em> lives in rocky tidepools, a constantly changing environment which could make it difficult to build relationships. The larger Pacific striped octopus lives deeper, on muddy seafloors. This relatively stable habitat might be better suited to the evolution of gregarious behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know yet if they’re truly social,” cautions co-author \u003ca href=\"http://crissyhuffard.com/\">Christine Huffard\u003c/a> of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. But the possibility exists. “The type of behaviors we’ve seen, like food sharing and den sharing, that’s just in the laboratory. We’d probably see much more complex behaviors in the wild.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/197792/harlequin-octopus-makes-scientists-question-anti-social-stereotypes","authors":["6324"],"categories":["science_30","science_40"],"tags":["science_1479"],"featImg":"science_200276","label":"science"},"science_19970":{"type":"posts","id":"science_19970","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"19970","score":null,"sort":[1406743226000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"deep-sea-octopus-is-mother-of-the-year","title":"Deep-Sea Octopus is Mother of the Year","publishDate":1406743226,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Deep-Sea Octopus is Mother of the Year | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19973\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/octomom-t1111-close-FEATURE.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19973\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/octomom-t1111-close-FEATURE.jpg\" alt=\"This deep-sea octopus spent four and one half years brooding her eggs on a ledge near the bottom of Monterey Canyon, about 4,600 feet below the ocean's surface. (Courtesy MBARI © 2007)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This deep-sea octopus spent four-and-a-half years brooding her eggs on a ledge near the bottom of Monterey Canyon, about 4,600 feet below the ocean’s surface. (MBARI © 2007)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Think 9 months of morning sickness and swollen ankles sounds rough?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine being pregnant for 4 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103437\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new study published today\u003c/a>, researchers from the \u003ca title=\"MBARI - main\" href=\"http://www.mbari.org/\">Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute\u003c/a> report a deep-sea octopus that tends its eggs for a mind-numbing 53 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19975\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/octo-mom-ledge.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-19975\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/octo-mom-ledge.jpg\" alt=\"During her 53-month brooding period, the mother continually kept her eggs free from silt and protected them from predators. (Courtesy MBARI © 2009)\" width=\"400\" height=\"280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During her 53-month brooding period, the mother continually kept her eggs free from silt and protected them from predators.\u003cbr> (MBARI © 2009)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The researchers discovered the female octopus during a routine deep-sea survey of Monterey Canyon in 2007. Using a remotely operated vehicle, they watched her brood a clutch of approximately 160 eggs nearly a mile below the ocean’s surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although brooding females of this species (\u003cem>Graneledone boreopacifica\u003c/em>) had been observed in the past, this was the first time the researchers witnessed the entire event from start to finish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was very exciting to find that octopus at the very beginning of the egg-brooding period,” says Brad Seibel, a professor at the University of Rhode Island and a study co-author. “You can find them fairly easily already attached to the rocks and somewhere in the middle of the egg-brooding period, but to find one right at the beginning was a stroke of luck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next four-and-a-half years, the researchers visited the nursery 18 times. They watched as her translucent eggs grew larger, miniature cephalopods taking shape inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19974\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/egghusks-cc.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-19974\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/egghusks-cc.jpg\" alt=\"The empty egg cases found in 2011. Because the young octopus in these eggs had so long to develop, they were able to swim and hunt soon after hatching, which increased their odds of survival. (Courtesy MBARI © 2011)\" width=\"200\" height=\"262\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The empty egg cases found in 2011. Because the youngsters had so long to develop, they were able to swim and hunt soon after hatching, increasing their odds of survival.\u003cbr> (MBARI © 2011)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But they never saw the mother leave her clutch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As far as we know, she sat there and didn’t move,” said Seibel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they never saw her eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mother’s health slowly declined — she lost weight, her skin became slack and pale (by octopus standards), and her eyes grew cloudy. Finally, on a visit late in 2011, the octopus was gone. Only tattered egg casings remained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s typical for female octopuses to sacrifice themselves for their offspring, hardly eating as they tend and protect their eggs. But being able to survive for more than four years without food is an impressive feat even among cephalopods. The previous egg-brooding record, set by \u003cem>Bathypolypus arcticus\u003c/em>, was a mere 14 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extreme 53-month brooding period gives the baby octopuses a competitive advantage. They hatch as tiny adults and are more capable of hunting and surviving in the deep ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how the mother survives for so long remains something of a mystery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seibel says that the study shows just how little we really know about the deep sea. “We know only what we see in coastal, shallow living species,” he says. “In the deep sea and other places we haven’t explored yet, animals may have very different ways of doing things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://youtu.be/lFCQltYMLQk\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Researchers from the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute discovered a deep-sea octopus that tends its eggs for 53 months, longer than any known animal.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704933209,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":539},"headData":{"title":"Deep-Sea Octopus is Mother of the Year | KQED","description":"Researchers from the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute discovered a deep-sea octopus that tends its eggs for 53 months, longer than any known animal.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/19970/deep-sea-octopus-is-mother-of-the-year","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19973\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/octomom-t1111-close-FEATURE.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19973\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/octomom-t1111-close-FEATURE.jpg\" alt=\"This deep-sea octopus spent four and one half years brooding her eggs on a ledge near the bottom of Monterey Canyon, about 4,600 feet below the ocean's surface. (Courtesy MBARI © 2007)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This deep-sea octopus spent four-and-a-half years brooding her eggs on a ledge near the bottom of Monterey Canyon, about 4,600 feet below the ocean’s surface. (MBARI © 2007)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Think 9 months of morning sickness and swollen ankles sounds rough?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine being pregnant for 4 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103437\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new study published today\u003c/a>, researchers from the \u003ca title=\"MBARI - main\" href=\"http://www.mbari.org/\">Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute\u003c/a> report a deep-sea octopus that tends its eggs for a mind-numbing 53 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19975\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/octo-mom-ledge.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-19975\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/octo-mom-ledge.jpg\" alt=\"During her 53-month brooding period, the mother continually kept her eggs free from silt and protected them from predators. (Courtesy MBARI © 2009)\" width=\"400\" height=\"280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During her 53-month brooding period, the mother continually kept her eggs free from silt and protected them from predators.\u003cbr> (MBARI © 2009)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The researchers discovered the female octopus during a routine deep-sea survey of Monterey Canyon in 2007. Using a remotely operated vehicle, they watched her brood a clutch of approximately 160 eggs nearly a mile below the ocean’s surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although brooding females of this species (\u003cem>Graneledone boreopacifica\u003c/em>) had been observed in the past, this was the first time the researchers witnessed the entire event from start to finish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was very exciting to find that octopus at the very beginning of the egg-brooding period,” says Brad Seibel, a professor at the University of Rhode Island and a study co-author. “You can find them fairly easily already attached to the rocks and somewhere in the middle of the egg-brooding period, but to find one right at the beginning was a stroke of luck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next four-and-a-half years, the researchers visited the nursery 18 times. They watched as her translucent eggs grew larger, miniature cephalopods taking shape inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19974\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/egghusks-cc.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-19974\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/egghusks-cc.jpg\" alt=\"The empty egg cases found in 2011. Because the young octopus in these eggs had so long to develop, they were able to swim and hunt soon after hatching, which increased their odds of survival. (Courtesy MBARI © 2011)\" width=\"200\" height=\"262\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The empty egg cases found in 2011. Because the youngsters had so long to develop, they were able to swim and hunt soon after hatching, increasing their odds of survival.\u003cbr> (MBARI © 2011)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But they never saw the mother leave her clutch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As far as we know, she sat there and didn’t move,” said Seibel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they never saw her eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mother’s health slowly declined — she lost weight, her skin became slack and pale (by octopus standards), and her eyes grew cloudy. Finally, on a visit late in 2011, the octopus was gone. Only tattered egg casings remained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s typical for female octopuses to sacrifice themselves for their offspring, hardly eating as they tend and protect their eggs. But being able to survive for more than four years without food is an impressive feat even among cephalopods. The previous egg-brooding record, set by \u003cem>Bathypolypus arcticus\u003c/em>, was a mere 14 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extreme 53-month brooding period gives the baby octopuses a competitive advantage. They hatch as tiny adults and are more capable of hunting and surviving in the deep ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how the mother survives for so long remains something of a mystery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seibel says that the study shows just how little we really know about the deep sea. “We know only what we see in coastal, shallow living species,” he says. “In the deep sea and other places we haven’t explored yet, animals may have very different ways of doing things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/lFCQltYMLQk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/lFCQltYMLQk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/19970/deep-sea-octopus-is-mother-of-the-year","authors":["6569"],"categories":["science_30","science_40"],"tags":["science_268","science_1479"],"featImg":"science_19973","label":"science"},"science_16251":{"type":"posts","id":"science_16251","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"16251","score":null,"sort":[1396965626000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"worlds-largest-tentacles-exhibit-at-monterey-bay-aquarium-will-cultivate-its-own-cephalopods","title":"World’s Largest \"Tentacles\" Exhibit at Monterey Bay Aquarium Will Cultivate Its Own Cephalopods","publishDate":1396965626,"format":"aside","headTitle":"World’s Largest “Tentacles” Exhibit at Monterey Bay Aquarium Will Cultivate Its Own Cephalopods | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16252\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/flamboyant.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-16252\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16252\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/flamboyant.jpg\" alt=\"Flamboyant cuttlefish\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flamboyant cuttlefish, native to the tropical Indo-Pacific, are being bred by aquarists for the Monterey Bay Aquarium’s new exhibit, “Tentacles.” (Randy Wilder/Monterey Bay Aquarium)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Flamboyant cuttlefish. Pygmy squid. Dumbo octopus. These cartoonish names belong to real animals, and you could see them live at the Monterey Bay Aquarium’s new exhibit, opening April 12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003ca title=\"Monterey Bay Aquarium - Tentacles\" href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/tentacles\">Tentacles\u003c/a>” will be the world’s largest, most diverse display of cephalopods—the suction-cupped, parrot-beaked, skin-changing group that includes octopuses, squid and cuttlefish. But the aquarium can’t guarantee which exact creatures will end up on display. During a behind-the-scenes tour last month, aquarist Alicia Bitondo said, “We won’t know which animals are in which tanks until a couple of weeks before the exhibit opens.” She paused. “Or the day before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This anxious uncertainty is due to the short lifespans typical of cephalopods. The exhibit itself, which is scheduled to close on Labor Day 2016, will outlive nearly all of its inhabitants. Continuous display of any given species would require ongoing collection from the wild, and most species are native to distant seas—a severe challenge to both logistics and sustainability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, there’s an alternative: grow them at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bringing Up the Babies\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16255\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 256px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/visitors-256x162.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-16255\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-16255\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/visitors-256x162.jpg\" alt=\"Bigfin reef squid\" width=\"256\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bigfin reef squid entertain visitors. (Randy Wilder/Monterey Bay Aquarium)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The $3.5 million “Tentacles” is is the first exhibit since the Aquarium’s award-winning jelly displays to rely on constant laboratory culture of animals behind the scenes. Current eggs and hatchlings will be rotated through public display in the Egg Lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of these babies will eventually appear in grown-up exhibits, but others never will. For example, \u003ca title=\"Science 2.0 - Squid Who Make Glue\" href=\"http://www.science20.com/squid_day/squid_who_make_glue-84481\">pygmy squid\u003c/a>—fully grown at the size of your fingernail—oblige their keepers by laying eggs, but no one knows what to feed the minuscule hatchlings. And \u003ca title=\"Wikipedia - Sepia latimanus\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepia_latimanus\">broadclub cuttlefish\u003c/a>, each big enough to fill a carry-on suitcase, can at least be raised from hatching to 11 months—but not yet to full maturity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, both pygmies and broadclubs still require collection from their home ranges in the Indo-Pacific. But that could change over the next couple of years. Monterey aquarists seem to have a way of coaxing reproduction from the most reluctant critters—as in the case of the deep-sea dumbo octopus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years since their discovery, \u003ca title=\"BBC - Dumbo octopus\" href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Grimpoteuthis\">dumbo octopuses\u003c/a> have occasionally released unfertilized eggs in their death throes, but at the Aquarium two dumbo moms have now laid their eggs properly. These precious spheres, which may or may not be fertilized, are being kept in super-chilled, low-oxygen water to mimic the deep-sea environment. That means they can’t show up in the Egg Lab, but adult dumbos might make an appearance in a special deep-sea tank. Over the life of “Tentacles,” this tank could also house \u003ca title=\"The Cephalopod Page - Vampyroteuthis\" href=\"http://www.thecephalopodpage.org/vampy.php\">vampire squid\u003c/a>, \u003ca title=\"Wikipedia - Glass squid\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_squid\">glass squid\u003c/a>, or \u003ca title=\"ToL - Histioteuthis\" href=\"http://tolweb.org/Histioteuthidae/19782\">cock-eyed squid\u003c/a>, species that have never before been on public display.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Struggling on Their Home Surf\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing animals in the lab is one way to protect wild populations from over-harvesting. But are any cephalopods truly at risk? None are currently listed as endangered on the \u003ca title=\"ICUN Red List\" href=\"http://www.iucnredlist.org/\">IUCN Red List\u003c/a>, the most comprehensive international database of conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, that’s largely because of missing information. Of the 73 cephalopods on the IUCN’s list, 59 are “data deficient,” which means we just don’t know enough to gauge how they’re doing. One species, the \u003ca title=\"IUCN Red List - Sepia apama\" href=\"http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/162627/0\">Australian giant cuttlefish\u003c/a>, is listed as “near threatened”—that is, likely to be become endangered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This somber prediction is largely driven by one particular population of giant cuttles, which has never recovered from overfishing in the 1990’s. It now faces habitat loss due to industrial waste and construction projects. “Tentacles” addresses these struggles, not through the species’ live display, but with an unusual aquarium that contains neither water nor animals. It’s a mechanical sculpture of cuttlefish in their altered environment, built by the artist \u003ca title=\"Nemo Gould\" href=\"http://www.nemogould.com/\">Nemo Gould\u003c/a> from found materials, including a boat motor, chandelier parts, shoe stretchers, egg slicers, and coffee pot lids. “I’ve been dying to use that boat motor for years,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16256\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 243px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Nautilus_low_res2-990x659-243x162.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-16256\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-16256\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Nautilus_low_res2-990x659-243x162.jpg\" alt=\"nautilus diorama \" width=\"243\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This nautilus diorama by artist Nemo Gould represents the threat of overfishing. (Nemo Gould)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gould was commissioned by the Aquarium to create “three sculptures representing three species and three fairly specific threats.” The second sculpture is supposed to represent the threat of pollution to octopuses, a mandate that had the artist scratching his head at first. “How do you make a sculpture of chemicals?” he asked. In fact, little is known about chemical threats to wild octopus populations, although toxins such as \u003ca title=\"Toxic exposure to ethylene dibromide and mercuric chloride: Effects on laboratory-reared octopuses\" href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0892036288900876\">mercury\u003c/a> and \u003ca title=\"Acute toxicity of crude and dispersed oil to Octopus pallidus (Hoyle, 1885) hatchlings\" href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135401005206\">crude oil\u003c/a> can certainly do damage in the lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final sculpture addresses \u003ca title=\"The Cephalopod Page - Nautilus\" href=\"http://www.thecephalopodpage.org/nautcon.php\">overfishing of nautilus\u003c/a>, the only living cephalopod with an external shell. Originally a defense against predation, these shells have sadly become its primary cause, as humans collect them for decorative purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gould’s sculptures provide a beautiful counterpoint to such destruction in the name of aesthetics. He harvests rusty junk and broken parts from scrap yards, waiting for the right project to transform them. When he got the call from the Aquarium, he said, “My supplies were brimming with what I needed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Circling Back to the Suckers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16253\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 223px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/aquarist-223x162.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-16253\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-16253\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/aquarist-223x162.jpg\" alt=\"An aquarist interacts with a giant Pacific octopus\" width=\"223\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aquarist interacts with a giant Pacific octopus. (Randy Wilder/Monterey Bay Aquarium)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"Monterey Bay Aquarium - Giant Pacific Octopus\" href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/animals-and-experiences/exhibits/giant-octopus\">The Giant Pacific Octopus\u003c/a>, GPO to its friends, has been one of the Monterey Bay Aquarium’s most iconic exhibits since the refurbished cannery opened as a tourist attraction in 1984. At the time, the GPO was actually part of a whole “Octopus and Kin” gallery, where it kept company with two other local species, the red octopus and two-spot octopus. Aquarists had hoped to exhibit native squid as well, but they had to settle for cuttlefish from far-off seas. Nautilus, also non-native, rounded out the display.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ultimately, the mix of local and exotic species didn’t fit with our Habitats Path exhibit plan,” said Ken Peterson, the Aquarium’s communications director. “Now cephs are back, bigger and better than ever!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>An earlier version of this article mistakenly stated that the Aquarium is attempting to raise and exhibit giant cuttlefish (Sepia apama). Aquarists are actually working with the world’s second-largest cuttlefish, the broadclub cuttlefish (Sepia latimanus).\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Monterey Bay Aquarium's new exhibit will be the world’s largest, most diverse display of octopuses, squid and cuttlefish. To pull it off, aquarists are coaxing reproduction from the most reluctant critters.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704933874,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1120},"headData":{"title":"World’s Largest \"Tentacles\" Exhibit at Monterey Bay Aquarium Will Cultivate Its Own Cephalopods | KQED","description":"The Monterey Bay Aquarium's new exhibit will be the world’s largest, most diverse display of octopuses, squid and cuttlefish. To pull it off, aquarists are coaxing reproduction from the most reluctant critters.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"KQED Science","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/","sticky":false,"path":"/science/16251/worlds-largest-tentacles-exhibit-at-monterey-bay-aquarium-will-cultivate-its-own-cephalopods","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16252\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/flamboyant.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-16252\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16252\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/flamboyant.jpg\" alt=\"Flamboyant cuttlefish\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flamboyant cuttlefish, native to the tropical Indo-Pacific, are being bred by aquarists for the Monterey Bay Aquarium’s new exhibit, “Tentacles.” (Randy Wilder/Monterey Bay Aquarium)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Flamboyant cuttlefish. Pygmy squid. Dumbo octopus. These cartoonish names belong to real animals, and you could see them live at the Monterey Bay Aquarium’s new exhibit, opening April 12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003ca title=\"Monterey Bay Aquarium - Tentacles\" href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/tentacles\">Tentacles\u003c/a>” will be the world’s largest, most diverse display of cephalopods—the suction-cupped, parrot-beaked, skin-changing group that includes octopuses, squid and cuttlefish. But the aquarium can’t guarantee which exact creatures will end up on display. During a behind-the-scenes tour last month, aquarist Alicia Bitondo said, “We won’t know which animals are in which tanks until a couple of weeks before the exhibit opens.” She paused. “Or the day before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This anxious uncertainty is due to the short lifespans typical of cephalopods. The exhibit itself, which is scheduled to close on Labor Day 2016, will outlive nearly all of its inhabitants. Continuous display of any given species would require ongoing collection from the wild, and most species are native to distant seas—a severe challenge to both logistics and sustainability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, there’s an alternative: grow them at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bringing Up the Babies\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16255\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 256px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/visitors-256x162.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-16255\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-16255\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/visitors-256x162.jpg\" alt=\"Bigfin reef squid\" width=\"256\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bigfin reef squid entertain visitors. (Randy Wilder/Monterey Bay Aquarium)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The $3.5 million “Tentacles” is is the first exhibit since the Aquarium’s award-winning jelly displays to rely on constant laboratory culture of animals behind the scenes. Current eggs and hatchlings will be rotated through public display in the Egg Lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of these babies will eventually appear in grown-up exhibits, but others never will. For example, \u003ca title=\"Science 2.0 - Squid Who Make Glue\" href=\"http://www.science20.com/squid_day/squid_who_make_glue-84481\">pygmy squid\u003c/a>—fully grown at the size of your fingernail—oblige their keepers by laying eggs, but no one knows what to feed the minuscule hatchlings. And \u003ca title=\"Wikipedia - Sepia latimanus\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepia_latimanus\">broadclub cuttlefish\u003c/a>, each big enough to fill a carry-on suitcase, can at least be raised from hatching to 11 months—but not yet to full maturity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, both pygmies and broadclubs still require collection from their home ranges in the Indo-Pacific. But that could change over the next couple of years. Monterey aquarists seem to have a way of coaxing reproduction from the most reluctant critters—as in the case of the deep-sea dumbo octopus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years since their discovery, \u003ca title=\"BBC - Dumbo octopus\" href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Grimpoteuthis\">dumbo octopuses\u003c/a> have occasionally released unfertilized eggs in their death throes, but at the Aquarium two dumbo moms have now laid their eggs properly. These precious spheres, which may or may not be fertilized, are being kept in super-chilled, low-oxygen water to mimic the deep-sea environment. That means they can’t show up in the Egg Lab, but adult dumbos might make an appearance in a special deep-sea tank. Over the life of “Tentacles,” this tank could also house \u003ca title=\"The Cephalopod Page - Vampyroteuthis\" href=\"http://www.thecephalopodpage.org/vampy.php\">vampire squid\u003c/a>, \u003ca title=\"Wikipedia - Glass squid\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_squid\">glass squid\u003c/a>, or \u003ca title=\"ToL - Histioteuthis\" href=\"http://tolweb.org/Histioteuthidae/19782\">cock-eyed squid\u003c/a>, species that have never before been on public display.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Struggling on Their Home Surf\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing animals in the lab is one way to protect wild populations from over-harvesting. But are any cephalopods truly at risk? None are currently listed as endangered on the \u003ca title=\"ICUN Red List\" href=\"http://www.iucnredlist.org/\">IUCN Red List\u003c/a>, the most comprehensive international database of conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, that’s largely because of missing information. Of the 73 cephalopods on the IUCN’s list, 59 are “data deficient,” which means we just don’t know enough to gauge how they’re doing. One species, the \u003ca title=\"IUCN Red List - Sepia apama\" href=\"http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/162627/0\">Australian giant cuttlefish\u003c/a>, is listed as “near threatened”—that is, likely to be become endangered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This somber prediction is largely driven by one particular population of giant cuttles, which has never recovered from overfishing in the 1990’s. It now faces habitat loss due to industrial waste and construction projects. “Tentacles” addresses these struggles, not through the species’ live display, but with an unusual aquarium that contains neither water nor animals. It’s a mechanical sculpture of cuttlefish in their altered environment, built by the artist \u003ca title=\"Nemo Gould\" href=\"http://www.nemogould.com/\">Nemo Gould\u003c/a> from found materials, including a boat motor, chandelier parts, shoe stretchers, egg slicers, and coffee pot lids. “I’ve been dying to use that boat motor for years,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16256\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 243px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Nautilus_low_res2-990x659-243x162.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-16256\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-16256\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Nautilus_low_res2-990x659-243x162.jpg\" alt=\"nautilus diorama \" width=\"243\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This nautilus diorama by artist Nemo Gould represents the threat of overfishing. (Nemo Gould)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gould was commissioned by the Aquarium to create “three sculptures representing three species and three fairly specific threats.” The second sculpture is supposed to represent the threat of pollution to octopuses, a mandate that had the artist scratching his head at first. “How do you make a sculpture of chemicals?” he asked. In fact, little is known about chemical threats to wild octopus populations, although toxins such as \u003ca title=\"Toxic exposure to ethylene dibromide and mercuric chloride: Effects on laboratory-reared octopuses\" href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0892036288900876\">mercury\u003c/a> and \u003ca title=\"Acute toxicity of crude and dispersed oil to Octopus pallidus (Hoyle, 1885) hatchlings\" href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135401005206\">crude oil\u003c/a> can certainly do damage in the lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final sculpture addresses \u003ca title=\"The Cephalopod Page - Nautilus\" href=\"http://www.thecephalopodpage.org/nautcon.php\">overfishing of nautilus\u003c/a>, the only living cephalopod with an external shell. Originally a defense against predation, these shells have sadly become its primary cause, as humans collect them for decorative purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gould’s sculptures provide a beautiful counterpoint to such destruction in the name of aesthetics. He harvests rusty junk and broken parts from scrap yards, waiting for the right project to transform them. When he got the call from the Aquarium, he said, “My supplies were brimming with what I needed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Circling Back to the Suckers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16253\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 223px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/aquarist-223x162.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-16253\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-16253\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/aquarist-223x162.jpg\" alt=\"An aquarist interacts with a giant Pacific octopus\" width=\"223\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aquarist interacts with a giant Pacific octopus. (Randy Wilder/Monterey Bay Aquarium)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"Monterey Bay Aquarium - Giant Pacific Octopus\" href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/animals-and-experiences/exhibits/giant-octopus\">The Giant Pacific Octopus\u003c/a>, GPO to its friends, has been one of the Monterey Bay Aquarium’s most iconic exhibits since the refurbished cannery opened as a tourist attraction in 1984. At the time, the GPO was actually part of a whole “Octopus and Kin” gallery, where it kept company with two other local species, the red octopus and two-spot octopus. Aquarists had hoped to exhibit native squid as well, but they had to settle for cuttlefish from far-off seas. Nautilus, also non-native, rounded out the display.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ultimately, the mix of local and exotic species didn’t fit with our Habitats Path exhibit plan,” said Ken Peterson, the Aquarium’s communications director. “Now cephs are back, bigger and better than ever!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>An earlier version of this article mistakenly stated that the Aquarium is attempting to raise and exhibit giant cuttlefish (Sepia apama). Aquarists are actually working with the world’s second-largest cuttlefish, the broadclub cuttlefish (Sepia latimanus).\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/16251/worlds-largest-tentacles-exhibit-at-monterey-bay-aquarium-will-cultivate-its-own-cephalopods","authors":["6324"],"series":["science_2625"],"categories":["science_30"],"tags":["science_268","science_1479","science_554","science_767"],"featImg":"science_16252","label":"source_science_16251"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/possible-5gxfizEbKOJ-pbF5ASgxrs_.1400x1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ATC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0018_AmericanSuburb_iTunesTile_01.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0017_BayCurious_iTunesTile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/BBC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CodeSwitchLifeKit_StationGraphics_300x300EmailGraphic.png","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2019/07/commonwealthclub.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Consider-This_3000_V3-copy-scaled-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/06/forum-logo-900x900tile-1.gif","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/FreshAir_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/HereNow_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this","airtime":"SUN 7:30pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/how-i-built-this","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"}},"inside-europe":{"id":"inside-europe","title":"Inside Europe","info":"Inside Europe, a one-hour weekly news magazine hosted by Helen Seeney and Keith Walker, explores the topical issues shaping the continent. No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/insideEurope.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. Download Chris’s Song of the Week plus other highlights from the broadcast. Produced by American Public Media.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-8pm, SUN 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/liveFromHere.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.livefromhere.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"american public media"},"link":"/radio/program/live-from-here-highlights","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1167173941","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Live-from-Here-Highlights-p921744/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/a-prairie-home-companion-highlights/rss/rss"}},"marketplace":{"id":"marketplace","title":"Marketplace","info":"Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/Marketplace_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/mindshift2021-tile-3000x3000-1-scaled-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/ME_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/OOW_Tile_Final.png","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/77/2020/10/Our-Body-Politic_1600.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/PBS_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/wp-content/uploads/sites/44/powerpress/1440_0010_Perspectives_iTunesTile_01.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/money/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/planet-money","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"}},"politicalbreakdown":{"id":"politicalbreakdown","title":"Political Breakdown","tagline":"Politics from a personal perspective","info":"Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.","airtime":"THU 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/PB24_Final-scaled.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Political Breakdown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"11"},"link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5Nzk2MzI2MTEx","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"}},"pri-the-world":{"id":"pri-the-world","title":"PRI's The World: Latest Edition","info":"Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.","airtime":"MON-FRI 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/TheWorld_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world","meta":{"site":"news","source":"PRI"},"link":"/radio/program/pri-the-world","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/","rss":"http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"}},"radiolab":{"id":"radiolab","title":"Radiolab","info":"A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.","airtime":"SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/radiolab","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/","rss":"https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"}},"reveal":{"id":"reveal","title":"Reveal","info":"Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. The warmest, wittiest cocktail party - it's spirited and civil, brainy and boisterous, peppered with musical interludes. Fast paced and playful, it's the most fun you can have with language without getting your mouth washed out with soap. Our motto: It's not important to know the answers, it's important to like the answers!","airtime":"SUN 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/saysYou.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.saysyouradio.com/","meta":{"site":"comedy","source":"Pipit and Finch"},"link":"/radio/program/says-you","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/says-you!/id1050199826","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Says-You-p480/","rss":"https://saysyou.libsyn.com/rss"}},"science-friday":{"id":"science-friday","title":"Science Friday","info":"Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.","airtime":"FRI 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/scienceFriday.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/science-friday","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"}},"science-podcast":{"id":"science-podcast","title":"KQED Science News","tagline":"From the lab, to your ears","info":"KQED Science explores science and environment news, trends, and events from the Bay Area and beyond.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/powerpress/1440_0006_SciNews_iTunesTile_01.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"kqed","order":"17"},"link":"/science/category/science-podcast","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqed-science-news/id214663465","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2dzLmtxZWQub3JnL3NjaWVuY2UvZmVlZC8","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed-science-news","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/feed/podcast"}},"selected-shorts":{"id":"selected-shorts","title":"Selected Shorts","info":"Spellbinding short stories by established and emerging writers take on a new life when they are performed by stars of the stage and screen.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/selectedShorts.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/selected-shorts","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"pri"},"link":"/radio/program/selected-shorts","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=253191824&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Selected-Shorts-p31792/","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/selectedshorts"}},"snap-judgment":{"id":"snap-judgment","title":"Snap Judgment","info":"Snap Judgment (Storytelling, with a BEAT) mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic, kick-ass radio. Snap’s raw, musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. WNYC studios is the producer of leading podcasts including Radiolab, Freakonomics Radio, Note To Self, Here’s The Thing With Alec Baldwin, and more.","airtime":"SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/snapJudgement.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://snapjudgment.org","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/snap-judgment","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=283657561&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Snap-Judgment-p243817/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/snapjudgment-wnyc"}},"soldout":{"id":"soldout","title":"SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America","tagline":"A new future for housing","info":"Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Final-Tile-Design.png","imageAlt":"KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/soldout","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":3},"link":"/podcasts/soldout","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america","tunein":"https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vc29sZG91dA"}},"ted-radio-hour":{"id":"ted-radio-hour","title":"TED Radio Hour","info":"The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/ted-radio-hour","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"}},"tech-nation":{"id":"tech-nation","title":"Tech Nation Radio Podcast","info":"Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.","airtime":"FRI 10pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/techNation.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://technation.podomatic.com/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"Tech Nation Media"},"link":"/radio/program/tech-nation","subscribe":{"rss":"https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"}},"thebay":{"id":"thebay","title":"The Bay","tagline":"Local news to keep you rooted","info":"Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/1440_0002_TheBay_iTunesTile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED The Bay","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/thebay","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"6"},"link":"/podcasts/thebay","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM4MjU5Nzg2MzI3","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"}},"californiareport":{"id":"californiareport","title":"The California Report","tagline":"California, day by day","info":"KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/77/2020/12/TCR-scaled.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The California Report","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareport","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"9"},"link":"/californiareport","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1MDAyODE4NTgz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"}},"californiareportmagazine":{"id":"californiareportmagazine","title":"The California Report Magazine","tagline":"Your state, your stories","info":"Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.","airtime":"FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/77/2020/12/TCRmag-scaled.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareportmagazine","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"10"},"link":"/californiareportmagazine","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"}},"theleap":{"id":"theleap","title":"The Leap","tagline":"What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?","info":"Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0000_TheLeap_iTunestile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Leap","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/theleap","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"14"},"link":"/podcasts/theleap","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM0NTcwODQ2MjY2","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"}},"masters-of-scale":{"id":"masters-of-scale","title":"Masters of Scale","info":"Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.","airtime":"Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2019/06/mastersofscale.jpeg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://mastersofscale.com/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WaitWhat"},"link":"/radio/program/masters-of-scale","subscribe":{"apple":"http://mastersofscale.app.link/","rss":"https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"}},"the-moth-radio-hour":{"id":"the-moth-radio-hour","title":"The Moth Radio Hour","info":"Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://themoth.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"prx"},"link":"/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/","rss":"http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"}},"the-new-yorker-radio-hour":{"id":"the-new-yorker-radio-hour","title":"The New Yorker Radio Hour","info":"The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.","airtime":"SAT 10am-11am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theNewYorker.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"}},"the-takeaway":{"id":"the-takeaway","title":"The Takeaway","info":"The Takeaway is produced in partnership with its national audience. It delivers perspective and analysis to help us better understand the day’s news. Be a part of the American conversation on-air and online.","airtime":"MON-THU 12pm-1pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/TheTakeaway_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/takeaway","meta":{"site":"news","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-takeaway","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-takeaway/id363143310?mt=2","tuneIn":"http://tunein.com/radio/The-Takeaway-p150731/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/takeawaypodcast"}},"this-american-life":{"id":"this-american-life","title":"This American Life","info":"This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.","airtime":"SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wbez"},"link":"/radio/program/this-american-life","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","rss":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"}},"truthbetold":{"id":"truthbetold","title":"Truth Be Told","tagline":"Advice by and for people of color","info":"We’re the friend you call after a long day, the one who gets it. Through wisdom from some of the greatest thinkers of our time, host Tonya Mosley explores what it means to grow and thrive as a Black person in America, while discovering new ways of being that serve as a portal to more love, more healing, and more joy.","airtime":"","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/TBT_2020tile_3000x3000-scaled.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Truth Be Told with Tonya Mosley","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.kqed.ord/podcasts/truthbetold","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr","order":"12"},"link":"/podcasts/truthbetold","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/truth-be-told/id1462216572","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS90cnV0aC1iZS10b2xkLXBvZGNhc3QvZmVlZA","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/719210818/truth-be-told","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=398170&refid=stpr","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/587DhwTBxke6uvfwDfaV5N"}},"wait-wait-dont-tell-me":{"id":"wait-wait-dont-tell-me","title":"Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!","info":"Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.","airtime":"SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/waitWait.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"}},"washington-week":{"id":"washington-week","title":"Washington Week","info":"For 50 years, Washington Week has been the most intelligent and up to date conversation about the most important news stories of the week. Washington Week is the longest-running news and public affairs program on PBS and features journalists -- not pundits -- lending insight and perspective to the week's important news stories.","airtime":"SAT 1:30am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/washington-week.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/washington-week","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/washington-week-audio-pbs/id83324702?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Current-Affairs/Washington-Week-p693/","rss":"http://feeds.pbs.org/pbs/weta/washingtonweek-audio"}},"weekend-edition-saturday":{"id":"weekend-edition-saturday","title":"Weekend Edition Saturday","info":"Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.","airtime":"SAT 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/WE_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"},"weekend-edition-sunday":{"id":"weekend-edition-sunday","title":"Weekend Edition Sunday","info":"Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.","airtime":"SUN 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/WE_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"},"world-affairs":{"id":"world-affairs","title":"World Affairs","info":"The world as we knew it is undergoing a rapid transformation…so what's next? Welcome to WorldAffairs, your guide to a changing world. We give you the context you need to navigate across borders and ideologies. Through sound-rich stories and in-depth interviews, we break down what it means to be a global citizen on a hot, crowded planet. Our hosts, Ray Suarez, Teresa Cotsirilos and Philip Yun help you make sense of an uncertain world, one story at a time.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/worldaffairs-podcastlogo2021-scaled.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.worldaffairs.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"World Affairs"},"link":"/radio/program/world-affairs","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/world-affairs/id101215657?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/WorldAffairs-p1665/","rss":"https://worldaffairs.libsyn.com/rss"}},"on-shifting-ground":{"id":"on-shifting-ground","title":"On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez","info":"Geopolitical turmoil. A warming planet. Authoritarians on the rise. We live in a chaotic world that’s rapidly shifting around us. “On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez” explores international fault lines and how they impact us all. Each week, NPR veteran Ray Suarez hosts conversations with journalists, leaders and policy experts to help us read between the headlines – and give us hope for human resilience.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/12/onshiftingground-600x600-1.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://worldaffairs.org/radio-podcast/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"On Shifting Ground"},"link":"/radio/program/on-shifting-ground","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/ie/podcast/on-shifting-ground/id101215657","rss":"https://feeds.libsyn.com/36668/rss"}},"hidden-brain":{"id":"hidden-brain","title":"Hidden Brain","info":"Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain","airtime":"SUN 7pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"NPR"},"link":"/radio/program/hidden-brain","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"}},"city-arts":{"id":"city-arts","title":"City Arts & Lectures","info":"A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.cityarts.net/","airtime":"SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am","meta":{"site":"news","source":"City Arts & Lectures"},"link":"https://www.cityarts.net","subscribe":{"tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/","rss":"https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"}},"white-lies":{"id":"white-lies","title":"White Lies","info":"In 1965, Rev. James Reeb was murdered in Selma, Alabama. Three men were tried and acquitted, but no one was ever held to account. Fifty years later, two journalists from Alabama return to the city where it happened, expose the lies that kept the murder from being solved and uncover a story about guilt and memory that says as much about America today as it does about the past.","imageSrc":"https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2019/04/16/white-lies_final_sq-b1391789cfa7562bf3a4cd0c9cdae27fc4fa01b9.jpg?s=800","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510343/white-lies","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/white-lies","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/whitelies","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1462650519?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM0My9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/12yZ2j8vxqhc0QZyRES3ft?si=LfWYEK6URA63hueKVxRLAw","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510343/podcast.xml"}},"rightnowish":{"id":"rightnowish","title":"Rightnowish","tagline":"Art is where you find it","info":"Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Rightnowish_tile2021.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/rightnowish","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"kqed","order":"5"},"link":"/podcasts/rightnowish","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"}},"jerrybrown":{"id":"jerrybrown","title":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","tagline":"Lessons from a lifetime in politics","info":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/jerrybrownpodcast.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"16"},"link":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/","tuneIn":"http://tun.in/pjGcK","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9zZXJpZXMvamVycnlicm93bi9mZWVkL3BvZGNhc3Qv"}},"the-splendid-table":{"id":"the-splendid-table","title":"The Splendid Table","info":"\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/splendidtable-logo.jpeg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.splendidtable.org/","airtime":"SUN 10-11 pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/the-splendid-table"}},"racesReducer":{"5921":{"id":"5921","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":158422,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.97,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Doris Matsui","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":89456,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tom Silva","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":48920,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Mandel","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":20046,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:00:38.194Z"},"5922":{"id":"5922","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rudy Recile","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Garamendi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5924":{"id":"5924","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":185034,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.07,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark DeSaulnier","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":121265,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katherine Piccinini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34883,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nolan Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":19459,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Sweeney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":7606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mohamed Elsherbini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1821,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:02:32.415Z"},"5926":{"id":"5926","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":153801,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lateefah Simon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":85905,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Tran","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22964,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Daysog","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17197,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Slauson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9699,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Glenn Kaplan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6785,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4243,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Abdur Sikder","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2847,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ned Nuerge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2532,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Andre Todd","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:22:36.062Z"},"5928":{"id":"5928","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":125831,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.14,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Eric Swalwell","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":83989,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Vin Kruttiventi","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":22106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alison Hayden","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11928,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luis Reynoso","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7808,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:51:36.366Z"},"5930":{"id":"5930","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":181938,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sam Liccardo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":38455,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Joe Simitian","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30222,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Evan Low","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30218,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Ohtaki","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23249,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Dixon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14656,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rishi Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12355,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karl Ryan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11541,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Julie Lythcott-Haims","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11374,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ahmed Mostafa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5800,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Greg Tanaka","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2418,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joby Bernstein","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1650,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:32:05.002Z"},"5931":{"id":"5931","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":117534,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.92,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ro Khanna","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73941,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anita Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31539,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ritesh Tandon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5728,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mario Ramirez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4491,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Dehn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":1835,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T01:50:53.956Z"},"5932":{"id":"5932","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":96302,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.93,"eevp":98.83,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Zoe Lofgren","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":49323,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Peter Hernandez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31622,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Charlene Nijmeh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":10614,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Lawrence Milan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2712,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luele Kifle","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2031,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:26:02.706Z"},"5963":{"id":"5963","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":139085,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.62,"eevp":98.6,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Greer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38079,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Rogers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":27126,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rusty Hicks","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25615,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ariel Kelley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Frankie Myers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17694,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ted Williams","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9550,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Click","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1538,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-22T21:38:36.711Z"},"5972":{"id":"5972","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":99775,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lori Wilson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":50085,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dave Ennis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":26074,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Wanda Wallis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14638,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeffrey Flack","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8978,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T02:01:24.524Z"},"5973":{"id":"5973","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":143532,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Damon Connolly","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":111275,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andy Podshadley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17240,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Eryn Cervantes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15017,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:25:32.262Z"},"5975":{"id":"5975","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":106997,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.06,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Buffy Wicks","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":78678,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Margot Smith","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18251,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Utkarsh Jain","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":10068,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:30:34.539Z"},"5976":{"id":"5976","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":97144,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.98,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sonia Ledo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":30946,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anamarie Farias","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":29512,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Monica Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":24775,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karen Mitchoff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11911,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T00:19:38.858Z"},"5977":{"id":"5977","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joseph Rubay","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rebecca Bauer-Kahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5978":{"id":"5978","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":111003,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Haney","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":90915,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Manuel Noris-Barrera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13843,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Otto Duke","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6245,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:36:19.697Z"},"5979":{"id":"5979","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":86008,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.1,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mia Bonta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andre Sandford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":4575,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mindy Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4389,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cheyenne Kenney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T08:03:23.729Z"},"5980":{"id":"5980","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":113959,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.8,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Catherine Stefani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":64960,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":33035,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nadia Flamenco","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":8335,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Arjun Sodhani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-11T23:50:23.109Z"},"5981":{"id":"5981","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 20","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Ortega","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5982":{"id":"5982","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 21","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Gilham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Diane Papan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5984":{"id":"5984","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 23","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":116963,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Marc Berman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":67106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lydia Kou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":23699,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Gus Mattammal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13277,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Allan Marson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12881,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:13:06.280Z"},"5987":{"id":"5987","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 26","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":72753,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Patrick Ahrens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25036,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tara Sreekrishnan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19600,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sophie Song","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15954,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Omar Din","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8772,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bob Goodwyn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":2170,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ashish Garg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1221,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T21:06:29.070Z"},"5989":{"id":"5989","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 28","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Gail Pellerin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Liz Lawler","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6010":{"id":"6010","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 49","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Fong","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Long Liu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6018":{"id":"6018","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":229348,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.05,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jared Huffman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":169005,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Coulombe","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":37372,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tief Gibbs","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18437,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jolian Kangas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":3166,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Brisendine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1368,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:46:10.103Z"},"6020":{"id":"6020","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":187640,"precinctsReportPercentage":96.32,"eevp":96.36,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":118147,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Munn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":56232,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andrew Engdahl","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11202,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Niket Patwardhan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":2059,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:30:57.980Z"},"6025":{"id":"6025","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":121271,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.17,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Harder","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":60396,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Lincoln","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":36346,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John McBride","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15525,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Khalid Jafri","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:49:44.113Z"},"6031":{"id":"6031","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Anna Kramer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Mullin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6035":{"id":"6035","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":203670,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.11,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jimmy Panetta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":132540,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jason Anderson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":58120,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sean Dougherty","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Grn","voteCount":13010,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:23:46.779Z"},"6066":{"id":"6066","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jamie Gallagher","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Aaron Draper","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6067":{"id":"6067","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Cecilia Aguiar-Curry","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6087":{"id":"6087","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 24","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":66643,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alex Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45544,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Brunton","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14951,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marti Souza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6148,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T23:23:49.770Z"},"6088":{"id":"6088","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 25","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":69560,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.31,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ash Kalra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":35821,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ted Stroll","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18255,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lan Ngo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":15484,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T02:40:57.200Z"},"6092":{"id":"6092","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 29","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Robert Rivas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"J.W. Paine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6223":{"id":"6223","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 46","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:16 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lou Correa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Pan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6530":{"id":"6530","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":222193,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Thom Bogue","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":61776,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christopher Cabaldon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":59041,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rozzana Verder-Aliga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45546,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jackie Elward","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41127,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jimih Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14703,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:24:31.539Z"},"6531":{"id":"6531","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":171623,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jim Shoemaker","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":74935,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jerry McNerney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":57040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Carlos Villapudua","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":39648,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T20:07:46.382Z"},"6532":{"id":"6532","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":192446,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.72,"eevp":98.78,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jesse Arreguín","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61837,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jovanka Beckles","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34025,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dan Kalb","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28842,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Kathryn Lybarger","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28041,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sandre Swanson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22862,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeanne Solnordal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16839,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:58:11.533Z"},"6533":{"id":"6533","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tim Grayson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marisol Rubio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6534":{"id":"6534","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":228260,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Scott Wiener","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":166592,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Yvette Corkrean","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34438,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Cravens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18513,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jing Xiong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":8717,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T02:01:51.597Z"},"6535":{"id":"6535","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":227191,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Becker","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":167127,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alexander Glew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":42788,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christina Laskowski","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17276,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:56:24.964Z"},"6536":{"id":"6536","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":180231,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.81,"eevp":98.95,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dave Cortese","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":124440,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Robert Howell","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34173,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Loaiza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":21618,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T01:15:45.365Z"},"6548":{"id":"6548","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 39","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:55 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Akilah Weber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Divine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6611":{"id":"6611","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":188732,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.89,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Nancy Pelosi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":138285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bruce Lou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marjorie Mikels","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9363,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bianca Von Krieg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":7634,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Zeng","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6607,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Boyce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4325,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Larry Nichelson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3482,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eve Del Castello","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2751,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:31:55.445Z"},"8589":{"id":"8589","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7276537,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2299507,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2292414,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1115606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":714408,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":240723,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Bradley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":98180,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61755,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sharleta Bassett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":54422,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sarah Liew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Laura Garza ","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":34320,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Reiss","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34283,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34056,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gail Lightfoot","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":33046,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Denice Gary-Pandol","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":25494,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Macauley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23168,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Harmesh Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21522,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Peterson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21076,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Douglas Pierce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19371,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Major Singh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":16965,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"John Rose","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14577,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Perry Pound","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14134,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Raji Rab","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":13558,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mark Ruzon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":13429,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Forrest Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":13027,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stefan Simchowitz","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12717,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Martin Veprauskas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9714,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Don Grundmann","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":6582,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T05:01:46.589Z"},"8686":{"id":"8686","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":3589127,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:48 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Biden","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":3200188,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marianne Williamson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":145690,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Dean Phillips","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":99981,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Armando Perez-Serrato","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":42925,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gabriel Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41261,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"President Boddie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25373,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Lyons","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21008,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eban Cambridge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12701,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:12:27.559Z"},"8688":{"id":"8688","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":2466569,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Donald Trump","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":1953947,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nikki Haley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":430792,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ron DeSantis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":35581,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Chris Christie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":20164,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Vivek Ramaswamy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11069,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rachel Swift","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4231,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Stuckenberg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3895,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ryan Binkley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3563,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Asa Hutchinson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3327,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:13:19.766Z"},"81993":{"id":"81993","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I Unexpired Term","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7358837,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2444940,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2155146,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1269194,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":863278,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":448788,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":109421,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":68070,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:31:08.186Z"},"82014":{"id":"82014","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"Proposition, 1 - Behavioral Health Services Program","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":7221972,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3624998,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3596974,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:11:06.265Z"},"timeLoaded":"March 28, 2024 3:27 AM","nationalRacesLoaded":true,"localRacesLoaded":true,"overrides":[{"id":"5921","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5922","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5924","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5926","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/congress-12th-district"},{"id":"5928","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5930","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/congress-16th-district"},{"id":"5931","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5932","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5963","raceName":"State Assembly, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5972","raceName":"State Assembly, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5973","raceName":"State Assembly, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5975","raceName":"State Assembly, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5976","raceName":"State Assembly, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/state-assembly"},{"id":"5977","raceName":"State Assembly, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5978","raceName":"State Assembly, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5979","raceName":"State Assembly, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5980","raceName":"State Assembly, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5981","raceName":"State Assembly, District 20","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5982","raceName":"State Assembly, District 21","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5984","raceName":"State Assembly, District 23","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-assembly-23rd-district"},{"id":"5987","raceName":"State Assembly, District 26","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/state-assembly-26th-district"},{"id":"5989","raceName":"State Assembly, District 28","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6010","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6018","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6020","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6025","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6031","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6035","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6067","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6087","raceName":"State Assembly, District 24","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6088","raceName":"State Assembly, District 25","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6092","raceName":"State Assembly, District 29","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6223","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6530","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-3rd-district"},{"id":"6531","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6532","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-7th-district"},{"id":"6533","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6534","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6535","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6536","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6611","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"8589","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Full Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/senator"},{"id":"8686","raceName":"California Democratic Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 496 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/president/democrat"},{"id":"8688","raceName":"California Republican Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 169 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://kqed.org/elections/results/president/republican"},{"id":"81993","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Partial/Unexpired Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election."},{"id":"82014","raceName":"Proposition 1","raceDescription":"Bond and mental health reforms. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/proposition-1"}],"AlamedaJudge5":{"id":"AlamedaJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":200323,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Terry Wiley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":200323}]},"AlamedaJudge12":{"id":"AlamedaJudge12","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":240510,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Fickes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":132830},{"candidateName":"Michael P. Johnson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107680}]},"AlamedaBoard2":{"id":"AlamedaBoard2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":33526,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Lewis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6928},{"candidateName":"Angela Normand","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":26598}]},"AlamedaBoard5":{"id":"AlamedaBoard5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":26032,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Guadalupe \"Lupe\" Angulo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7508},{"candidateName":"Janevette Cole","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13313},{"candidateName":"Joe Orlando Ramos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5211}]},"AlamedaBoard6":{"id":"AlamedaBoard6","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 6","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":30807,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Guerrero","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9964},{"candidateName":"Eileen McDonald","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20843}]},"AlamedaSup1":{"id":"AlamedaSup1","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":40987,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Haubert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":40987}]},"AlamedaSup2":{"id":"AlamedaSup2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":30978,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Elisa Márquez","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":30978}]},"AlamedaSup4":{"id":"AlamedaSup4","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":56948,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jennifer Esteen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22371},{"candidateName":"Nate Miley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34577}]},"AlamedaSup5":{"id":"AlamedaSup5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":80942,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ben Bartlett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13499},{"candidateName":"Nikki Fortunato Bas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":27555},{"candidateName":"John J. Bauters","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":16763},{"candidateName":"Ken Berrick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7508},{"candidateName":"Omar Farmer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1238},{"candidateName":"Gregory Hodge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3417},{"candidateName":"Chris Moore","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7412},{"candidateName":"Gerald Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":305},{"candidateName":"Lorrel Plimier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3245}]},"AlamedaBoard7":{"id":"AlamedaBoard7","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Flood Control & Water Conservation District Director, Zone 7, Full Term","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":134216,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alan Burnham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15710},{"candidateName":"Sandy Figuers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22435},{"candidateName":"Laurene K. Green","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":30310},{"candidateName":"Kathy Narum","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23815},{"candidateName":"Seema Badar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7456},{"candidateName":"Catherine Brown","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34490}]},"AlamedaAuditor":{"id":"AlamedaAuditor","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Oakland Auditor","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":59132,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Houston","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59132}]},"AlamedaMeasureA":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Civil service. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":281953,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":167675},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":114278}]},"AlamedaMeasureB":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Recall rules. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":282299,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":181965},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":100334}]},"AlamedaMeasureD":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Oakland. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":79681,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59767},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19914}]},"AlamedaMeasureE":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Alameda Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":22648,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17246},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5402}]},"AlamedaMeasureF":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"Piedmont. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":4848,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3670},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1178}]},"AlamedaMeasureG":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Albany Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":5886,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4640},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1246}]},"AlamedaMeasureH":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Berkeley Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":33290,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":29379},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3911}]},"AlamedaMeasureI":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Hayward Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":21895,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14122},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7773}]},"AlamedaMeasureJ":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureJ","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure J","raceDescription":"San Leandro Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":12321,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7773},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4548}]},"CCD2":{"id":"CCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:47 PM","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","totalVotes":45753,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Candace Andersen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":45753}]},"CCD3":{"id":"CCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:47 PM","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","totalVotes":25114,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Diane Burgis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":25114}]},"CCD5":{"id":"CCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:47 PM","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","totalVotes":37018,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Barbanica","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14330},{"candidateName":"Jelani Killings","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5674},{"candidateName":"Shanelle Scales-Preston","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12986},{"candidateName":"Iztaccuauhtli Hector Gonzalez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4028}]},"CCMeasureA":{"id":"CCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Martinez. Appoint City Clerk. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:47 PM","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","totalVotes":11509,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7552},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3957}]},"CCMeasureB":{"id":"CCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Antioch Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:47 PM","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","totalVotes":17961,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10394},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7567}]},"CCMeasureC":{"id":"CCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Martinez Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:47 PM","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","totalVotes":9225,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6914},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2311}]},"CCMeasureD":{"id":"CCMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Moraga School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:47 PM","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","totalVotes":6006,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4051},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1955}]},"MarinD2":{"id":"MarinD2","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":18466,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Brian Colbert","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7971},{"candidateName":"Heather McPhail Sridharan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4851},{"candidateName":"Ryan O'Neil","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2647},{"candidateName":"Gabe Paulson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2997}]},"MarinD3":{"id":"MarinD3","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":13274,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Moulton-Peters","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13274}]},"MarinD4":{"id":"MarinD4","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":12986,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dennis Rodoni","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10086},{"candidateName":"Francis Drouillard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2900}]},"MarinLarkspurCC":{"id":"MarinLarkspurCC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Larkspur City Council (Short Term)","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4176,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Andre","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2514},{"candidateName":"Claire Paquette","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1008},{"candidateName":"Lana Scott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":654}]},"MarinRossCouncil":{"id":"MarinRossCouncil","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Ross Town Council","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1740,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Charles William \"Bill\" Kircher, Jr.","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":536},{"candidateName":"Mathew Salter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":502},{"candidateName":"Shadi Aboukhater","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":187},{"candidateName":"Teri Dowling","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":515}]},"MarinMeasureA":{"id":"MarinMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Tamalpais Union High School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":45345,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24376},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20969}]},"MarinMeasureB":{"id":"MarinMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":132,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":62},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":70}]},"MarinMeasureC":{"id":"MarinMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Belvedere. Appropriation limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":870,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":679},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureD":{"id":"MarinMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Larkspur. Rent stabilization. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-d","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4955,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2573},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2382}]},"MarinMeasureE":{"id":"MarinMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Ross. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":874,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":683},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureF":{"id":"MarinMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"San Anselmo. Flood Control and Water Conservation District. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":5193,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3083},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2110}]},"MarinMeasureG":{"id":"MarinMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Bel Marin Keys Community Services District. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":830,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":661},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":169}]},"MarinMeasureH":{"id":"MarinMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, fire protection. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1738,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1369},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":369}]},"MarinMeasureI":{"id":"MarinMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, parks. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1735,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1336},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":399}]},"NapaD2":{"id":"NapaD2","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":8351,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Alessio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6340},{"candidateName":"Doris Gentry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2011}]},"NapaD4":{"id":"NapaD4","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":7306,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Amber Manfree","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3913},{"candidateName":"Pete Mott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3393}]},"NapaD5":{"id":"NapaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":5269,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mariam Aboudamous","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2336},{"candidateName":"Belia Ramos","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2933}]},"NapaMeasureD":{"id":"NapaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Howell Mountain Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":741,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":367},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":374}]},"NapaMeasureU":{"id":"NapaMeasureU","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Lake Berryessa Resort Improvement District. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":86,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":63},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23}]},"NapaMeasureU1":{"id":"NapaMeasureU1","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Yountville. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":925,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":793},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":132}]},"SFJudge1":{"id":"SFJudge1","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-1","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202960,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Begert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":124943},{"candidateName":"Chip Zecher","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":78017}]},"SFJudge13":{"id":"SFJudge13","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 13","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-13","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202386,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jean Myungjin Roland","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":90012},{"candidateName":"Patrick S. Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":112374}]},"SFPropA":{"id":"SFPropA","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition A","raceDescription":"Housing bond. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":225187,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":158497},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":66690}]},"SFPropB":{"id":"SFPropB","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition B","raceDescription":"Police staffing. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222954,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":61580},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":161374}]},"SFPropC":{"id":"SFPropC","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition C","raceDescription":"Transfer tax exemption. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":220349,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":116311},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":104038}]},"SFPropD":{"id":"SFPropD","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition D","raceDescription":"Ethics laws. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222615,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":198584},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24031}]},"SFPropE":{"id":"SFPropE","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition E","raceDescription":"Police policies. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222817,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":120529},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":102288}]},"SFPropF":{"id":"SFPropF","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition F","raceDescription":"Drug screening. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-f","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":224004,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":130214},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":93790}]},"SFPropG":{"id":"SFPropG","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition G","raceDescription":"Eighth-grade algebra. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222704,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":182066},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":40638}]},"SMJudge4":{"id":"SMJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":108848,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sarah Burdick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":108848}]},"SMD1":{"id":"SMD1","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":29629,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jackie Speier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20341},{"candidateName":"Ann Schneider","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9288}]},"SMD4":{"id":"SMD4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":22711,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Antonio Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5725},{"candidateName":"Lisa Gauthier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10354},{"candidateName":"Celeste Brevard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1267},{"candidateName":"Paul Bocanegra","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1909},{"candidateName":"Maggie Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3456}]},"SMD5":{"id":"SMD5","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":19922,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Canepa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19922}]},"SMMeasureB":{"id":"SMMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"County Service Area #1 (Highlands). Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1549,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1360},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":189}]},"SMMeasureC":{"id":"SMMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Jefferson Elementary School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":12226,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8538},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3688}]},"SMMeasureE":{"id":"SMMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Woodside Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1390,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":909},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":481}]},"SMMeasureG":{"id":"SMMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Pacifica School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":11541,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7064},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4477}]},"SMMeasureH":{"id":"SMMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"San Carlos School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":9935,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6280},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3655}]},"SCJudge5":{"id":"SCJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":301837,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jay Boyarsky","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":142488},{"candidateName":"Nicole M. Ford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":52125},{"candidateName":"Johnene Linda Stebbins","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107224}]},"SCD2":{"id":"SCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":44037,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Corina Herrera-Loera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10513},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Margaret Celaya","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2392},{"candidateName":"Madison Nguyen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12789},{"candidateName":"Betty Duong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14024},{"candidateName":"Nelson McElmurry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4319}]},"SCD3":{"id":"SCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":42531,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Otto Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42531}]},"SCD5":{"id":"SCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":88675,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Margaret Abe-Koga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":37157},{"candidateName":"Sally J. Lieber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":21958},{"candidateName":"Barry Chang","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6161},{"candidateName":"Peter C. Fung","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17883},{"candidateName":"Sandy Sans","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5516}]},"SCSJMayor":{"id":"SCSJMayor","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José Mayor","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":167001,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Mahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":144649},{"candidateName":"Tyrone Wade","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22352}]},"SCSJD2":{"id":"SCSJD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":14126,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4947},{"candidateName":"Pamela Campos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3435},{"candidateName":"Vanessa Sandoval","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2718},{"candidateName":"Babu Prasad","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3026}]},"SCSJD4":{"id":"SCSJD4","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":14317,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kansen Chu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5927},{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8390}]},"SCSJD6":{"id":"SCSJD6","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":25102,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9872},{"candidateName":"Alex Shoor","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3850},{"candidateName":"Angelo \"A.J.\" Pasciuti","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2688},{"candidateName":"Michael Mulcahy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8692}]},"SCSJD8":{"id":"SCSJD8","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 8","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":21452,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tam Truong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6980},{"candidateName":"Domingo Candelas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8463},{"candidateName":"Sukhdev Singh Bainiwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5509},{"candidateName":"Surinder Kaur Dhaliwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":500}]},"SCSJD10":{"id":"SCSJD10","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 10","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":22792,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"George Casey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8801},{"candidateName":"Arjun Batra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8351},{"candidateName":"Lenka Wright","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5640}]},"SCMeasureA":{"id":"SCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed city clerk. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":20313,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6579},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13734}]},"SCMeasureB":{"id":"SCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed police chief. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":20565,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5679},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14886}]},"SCMeasureC":{"id":"SCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Sunnyvale School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":14649,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10256},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4393}]},"SolanoD15":{"id":"SolanoD15","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Department 15","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":81684,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":36828},{"candidateName":"Bryan J. Kim","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":44856}]},"SolanoD1":{"id":"SolanoD1","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":13778,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6399},{"candidateName":"Cassandra James","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7379}]},"SolanoD2":{"id":"SolanoD2","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":19895,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Monica Brown","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10947},{"candidateName":"Nora Dizon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3134},{"candidateName":"Rochelle Sherlock","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5814}]},"SolanoD5":{"id":"SolanoD5","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":17881,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mitch Mashburn","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11203},{"candidateName":"Chadwick J. Ledoux","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6678}]},"SolanoEducation":{"id":"SolanoEducation","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Sacramento County Board of Education","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":3650,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Heather Davis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2960},{"candidateName":"Shazleen Khan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":690}]},"SolanoMeasureA":{"id":"SolanoMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Benicia. Hotel tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":10133,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7867},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2266}]},"SolanoMeasureB":{"id":"SolanoMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Benicia. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":10161,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7335},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2826}]},"SolanoMeasureC":{"id":"SolanoMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Benicia Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":10109,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6313},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3796}]},"SolanoMeasureN":{"id":"SolanoMeasureN","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure N","raceDescription":"Davis Joint Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":15,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10}]},"SonomaJudge3":{"id":"SonomaJudge3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":114898,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kristine M. Burk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":79204},{"candidateName":"Beki Berrey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":35694}]},"SonomaJudge4":{"id":"SonomaJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":86439,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Paul J. Lozada","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":86439}]},"SonomaJudge6":{"id":"SonomaJudge6","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":117473,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Omar Figueroa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42031},{"candidateName":"Kenneth English","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":75442}]},"SonomaD1":{"id":"SonomaD1","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":30228,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rebecca Hermosillo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23876},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Mathieu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6352}]},"SonomaD3":{"id":"SonomaD3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/supervisor-3rd-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":16202,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Chris Coursey","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11286},{"candidateName":"Omar Medina","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4916}]},"SonomaD5":{"id":"SonomaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":23282,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lynda Hopkins","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23282}]},"SonomaMeasureA":{"id":"SonomaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Cotati-Rohnert Park Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":13654,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10239},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3415}]},"SonomaMeasureB":{"id":"SonomaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":24764,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15731},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9033}]},"SonomaMeasureC":{"id":"SonomaMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Fort Ross School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":286,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":159},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":127}]},"SonomaMeasureD":{"id":"SonomaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Harmony Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":1913,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1083},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":830}]},"SonomaMeasureE":{"id":"SonomaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Petaluma City (Elementary) School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":11091,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7602},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3489}]},"SonomaMeasureG":{"id":"SonomaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Rincon Valley Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":14511,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8624},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5887}]},"SonomaMeasureH":{"id":"SonomaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Sonoma County. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/measure-h","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":144574,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":89236},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":55338}]}},"radioSchedulesReducer":{},"listsReducer":{"posts/science?tag=octopus":{"isFetching":false,"latestQuery":{"from":0,"postsToRender":9},"tag":null,"vitalsOnly":true,"totalRequested":9,"isLoading":false,"isLoadingMore":false,"total":9,"items":["science_1982986","science_1931935","science_1931626","science_1391513","science_796256","science_233664","science_197792","science_19970","science_16251"]}},"recallGuideReducer":{"intros":{},"policy":{},"candidates":{}},"savedPostsReducer":{},"sessionReducer":{},"siteSettingsReducer":{},"subscriptionsReducer":{},"termsReducer":{"about":{"name":"About","type":"terms","id":"about","slug":"about","link":"/about","taxonomy":"site"},"arts":{"name":"Arts & Culture","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"description":"KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.","type":"terms","id":"arts","slug":"arts","link":"/arts","taxonomy":"site"},"artschool":{"name":"Art School","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"artschool","slug":"artschool","link":"/artschool","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareabites":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"bayareabites","slug":"bayareabites","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareahiphop":{"name":"Bay Area Hiphop","type":"terms","id":"bayareahiphop","slug":"bayareahiphop","link":"/bayareahiphop","taxonomy":"site"},"campaign21":{"name":"Campaign 21","type":"terms","id":"campaign21","slug":"campaign21","link":"/campaign21","taxonomy":"site"},"checkplease":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"checkplease","slug":"checkplease","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"education":{"name":"Education","grouping":["education"],"type":"terms","id":"education","slug":"education","link":"/education","taxonomy":"site"},"elections":{"name":"Elections","type":"terms","id":"elections","slug":"elections","link":"/elections","taxonomy":"site"},"events":{"name":"Events","type":"terms","id":"events","slug":"events","link":"/events","taxonomy":"site"},"event":{"name":"Event","alias":"events","type":"terms","id":"event","slug":"event","link":"/event","taxonomy":"site"},"filmschoolshorts":{"name":"Film School Shorts","type":"terms","id":"filmschoolshorts","slug":"filmschoolshorts","link":"/filmschoolshorts","taxonomy":"site"},"food":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"type":"terms","id":"food","slug":"food","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"forum":{"name":"Forum","relatedContentQuery":"posts/forum?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"forum","slug":"forum","link":"/forum","taxonomy":"site"},"futureofyou":{"name":"Future of You","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"futureofyou","slug":"futureofyou","link":"/futureofyou","taxonomy":"site"},"jpepinheart":{"name":"KQED food","relatedContentQuery":"trending/food,bayareabites,checkplease","parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"jpepinheart","slug":"jpepinheart","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"liveblog":{"name":"Live Blog","type":"terms","id":"liveblog","slug":"liveblog","link":"/liveblog","taxonomy":"site"},"livetv":{"name":"Live TV","parent":"tv","type":"terms","id":"livetv","slug":"livetv","link":"/livetv","taxonomy":"site"},"lowdown":{"name":"The Lowdown","relatedContentQuery":"posts/lowdown?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"lowdown","slug":"lowdown","link":"/lowdown","taxonomy":"site"},"mindshift":{"name":"Mindshift","parent":"news","description":"MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.","type":"terms","id":"mindshift","slug":"mindshift","link":"/mindshift","taxonomy":"site"},"news":{"name":"News","grouping":["news","forum"],"type":"terms","id":"news","slug":"news","link":"/news","taxonomy":"site"},"perspectives":{"name":"Perspectives","parent":"radio","type":"terms","id":"perspectives","slug":"perspectives","link":"/perspectives","taxonomy":"site"},"podcasts":{"name":"Podcasts","type":"terms","id":"podcasts","slug":"podcasts","link":"/podcasts","taxonomy":"site"},"pop":{"name":"Pop","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"pop","slug":"pop","link":"/pop","taxonomy":"site"},"pressroom":{"name":"Pressroom","type":"terms","id":"pressroom","slug":"pressroom","link":"/pressroom","taxonomy":"site"},"quest":{"name":"Quest","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"quest","slug":"quest","link":"/quest","taxonomy":"site"},"radio":{"name":"Radio","grouping":["forum","perspectives"],"description":"Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.","type":"terms","id":"radio","slug":"radio","link":"/radio","taxonomy":"site"},"root":{"name":"KQED","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","imageWidth":1200,"imageHeight":630,"headData":{"title":"KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California","description":"KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."},"type":"terms","id":"root","slug":"root","link":"/root","taxonomy":"site"},"science":{"name":"Science","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"description":"KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.","type":"terms","id":"science","slug":"science","link":"/science","taxonomy":"site"},"stateofhealth":{"name":"State of Health","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"stateofhealth","slug":"stateofhealth","link":"/stateofhealth","taxonomy":"site"},"support":{"name":"Support","type":"terms","id":"support","slug":"support","link":"/support","taxonomy":"site"},"thedolist":{"name":"The Do List","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"thedolist","slug":"thedolist","link":"/thedolist","taxonomy":"site"},"trulyca":{"name":"Truly CA","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"trulyca","slug":"trulyca","link":"/trulyca","taxonomy":"site"},"tv":{"name":"TV","type":"terms","id":"tv","slug":"tv","link":"/tv","taxonomy":"site"},"voterguide":{"name":"Voter Guide","parent":"elections","alias":"elections","type":"terms","id":"voterguide","slug":"voterguide","link":"/voterguide","taxonomy":"site"},"science_1479":{"type":"terms","id":"science_1479","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"1479","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"octopus","slug":"octopus","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"octopus Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null,"imageData":{"ogImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","width":1200,"height":630},"twImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"},"twitterCard":"summary_large_image"}},"ttid":1488,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/octopus"},"source_science_1982986":{"type":"terms","id":"source_science_1982986","meta":{"override":true},"name":"NPR","isLoading":false},"source_science_1931935":{"type":"terms","id":"source_science_1931935","meta":{"override":true},"name":"Animals","isLoading":false},"source_science_1931626":{"type":"terms","id":"source_science_1931626","meta":{"override":true},"name":"Animals","isLoading":false},"source_science_16251":{"type":"terms","id":"source_science_16251","meta":{"override":true},"name":"KQED Science","link":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/","isLoading":false},"science_2874":{"type":"terms","id":"science_2874","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"2874","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Animals","slug":"animals","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Animals Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2874,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/animals"},"science_40":{"type":"terms","id":"science_40","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"40","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"News","slug":"news","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"News Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":42,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/news"},"science_4450":{"type":"terms","id":"science_4450","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"4450","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Science","slug":"science","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Science Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":4450,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/science"},"science_2549":{"type":"terms","id":"science_2549","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"2549","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"marine animals","slug":"marine-animals","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"marine animals Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2561,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/marine-animals"},"science_1120":{"type":"terms","id":"science_1120","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"1120","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"animals","slug":"animals","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"animals Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1128,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/animals"},"science_843":{"type":"terms","id":"science_843","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"843","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"ocean","slug":"ocean","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"ocean Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":849,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/ocean"},"science_35":{"type":"terms","id":"science_35","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"35","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Environment","slug":"environment","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Environment Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":37,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/environment"},"science_3541":{"type":"terms","id":"science_3541","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"3541","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"drugs","slug":"drugs","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"drugs Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3541,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/drugs"},"science_1935":{"type":"terms","id":"science_1935","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"1935","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Deep Look","slug":"deep-look","taxonomy":"series","description":"[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mpAc7SyETD4?rel=0&w=640&h=360]\r\n\r\n\u003cbr/>\r\n\r\n\u003ch2>About Deep Look\u003c/h2>\r\n\r\n[dl_subscribe]\r\n\r\n\u003cp>See the unseen at the very edge of our visible world. Get a new perspective on our place in the universe and meet extraordinary new friends. Explore big scientific mysteries by going incredibly small with Deep Look, a new ultra-HD (4K) short video series created by KQED San Francisco and presented by PBS Digital Studios.\u003c/p>\r\n\r\n\u003cp>Don't miss an episode! \u003ca href=\"http://goo.gl/8NwXqt\">SUBSCRIBE to Deep Look on YouTube.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\r\n","featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Deep Look Archives | KQED Science","description":"[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mpAc7SyETD4?rel=0&w=640&h=360] About Deep Look [dl_subscribe] See the unseen at the very edge of our visible world. Get a new perspective on our place in the universe and meet extraordinary new friends. Explore big scientific mysteries by going incredibly small with Deep Look, a new ultra-HD (4K) short video series created by KQED San Francisco and presented by PBS Digital Studios. Don't miss an episode! SUBSCRIBE to Deep Look on YouTube.","ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1946,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/series/deep-look"},"science_30":{"type":"terms","id":"science_30","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"30","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Biology","slug":"biology","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Biology Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":32,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/biology"},"science_86":{"type":"terms","id":"science_86","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"86","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Video","slug":"video","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Video Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":89,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/video"},"science_1970":{"type":"terms","id":"science_1970","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"1970","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"deep look","slug":"deep-look-2","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"deep look Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1981,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/deep-look-2"},"science_2873":{"type":"terms","id":"science_2873","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"2873","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Oceans","slug":"oceans","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Oceans Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2873,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/oceans"},"science_767":{"type":"terms","id":"science_767","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"767","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"squid","slug":"squid","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"squid Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":774,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/squid"},"science_324":{"type":"terms","id":"science_324","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"324","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"oceans","slug":"oceans","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"oceans Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":330,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/oceans"},"science_325":{"type":"terms","id":"science_325","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"325","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"pbs","slug":"pbs","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"pbs Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":331,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/pbs"},"science_309":{"type":"terms","id":"science_309","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"309","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"science","slug":"science","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"science Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":314,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/science"},"science_268":{"type":"terms","id":"science_268","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"268","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Monterey Bay","slug":"monterey-bay","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Monterey Bay Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":272,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/monterey-bay"},"science_2625":{"type":"terms","id":"science_2625","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"2625","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"PBS and the BBC present 'Big Blue Live'","slug":"big-blue-live","taxonomy":"series","description":"[caption id=\"attachment_149123\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"800\"] (Craig Miller/KQED)[/caption]\r\n\r\nFrom breaching humpback whales to fuzzy sea otters, great white sharks, kelp forests and an underwater canyon deeper than the Grand Canyon, Monterey Bay is one of the world's most amazing ocean destinations. In an unprecedented collaboration, PBS and the BBC presented \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/big-blue-live/home/\">Big Blue Live\u003c/a>,\" a three-night live broadcast that aired on KQED 9 at 8 pm Aug. 31 to Sept. 2, 2015 and featured the majestic marine life of Monterey Bay. \r\n\r\nAnchored from open-air studios at the Monterey Bay Aquarium and aboard research ships on the bay, scientists, filmmakers and other experts came together to document the extraordinary rejuvenation of the once-endangered and now thriving ecosystem of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary for viewers in the United States and Europe. Over the past decade, KQED has told many of the stories of this remarkable area on television, radio and the web.\r\n\r\nAlthough the Big Blue Live event is now over, you can \u003ca href=\"http://video.kqed.org/program/big-blue-live/\">watch all 3 episodes online through the entire month of September\u003c/a>:\r\n\r\nFeatured Stories","featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"PBS and the BBC present 'Big Blue Live' Archives | KQED Science","description":"[caption id=\"attachment_149123\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"800\"] (Craig Miller/KQED)[/caption] From breaching humpback whales to fuzzy sea otters, great white sharks, kelp forests and an underwater canyon deeper than the Grand Canyon, Monterey Bay is one of the world's most amazing ocean destinations. In an unprecedented collaboration, PBS and the BBC presented \"Big Blue Live,\" a three-night live broadcast that aired on KQED 9 at 8 pm Aug. 31 to Sept. 2, 2015 and featured the majestic marine life of Monterey Bay. Anchored from open-air studios at the Monterey Bay Aquarium and aboard research ships on the bay, scientists, filmmakers and other experts came together to document the extraordinary rejuvenation of the once-endangered and now thriving ecosystem of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary for viewers in the United States and Europe. Over the past decade, KQED has told many of the stories of this remarkable area on television, radio and the web. Although the Big Blue Live event is now over, you can watch all 3 episodes online through the entire month of September: Featured Stories","ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2637,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/series/big-blue-live"},"science_554":{"type":"terms","id":"science_554","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"554","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"pollution","slug":"pollution","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"pollution Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":560,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/pollution"}},"userAgentReducer":{"userAgent":"claudebot","isBot":true},"userPermissionsReducer":{"wpLoggedIn":false},"localStorageReducer":{},"browserHistoryReducer":[],"eventsReducer":{},"fssReducer":{},"tvDailyScheduleReducer":{},"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer":{},"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer":{},"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer":{},"userAccountReducer":{"routeTo":"","showDeleteConfirmModal":false,"user":{"userId":"","isFound":false,"firstName":"","lastName":"","phoneNumber":"","email":"","articles":[]}},"youthMediaReducer":{},"checkPleaseReducer":{"filterData":{},"restaurantData":[]},"location":{"pathname":"/science/tag/octopus","previousPathname":"/"}}