The Best Places to Go Tide Pooling in the Bay Area
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Great White Sharks Have A Secret 'Cafe,' And They Led Scientists Right To It
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Oil Companies Want to Conduct Seismic Surveys that Threaten Marine Life
Watch Live As Underwater Cameras Uncover Ship's Post-Atomic Secrets
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The best way to see tide pools — these little pockets of seawater in the ocean’s \u003ca href=\"https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/intertidal-zone.html\">intertidal zones\u003c/a> where the ocean meets the land — is during low tide. This is when some of the most fascinating marine wildlife becomes visible to those who pay close attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep reading for what to know about tide pooling in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#tidepool\">\u003cstrong>Jump straight to: The best places for tide pooling\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Intertidal zones are home to ‘the most beautiful organisms’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/intertidal-zone/\">The intertidal zone, where the ocean meets the land, is an extreme ecosystem that experiences drastic changes. Organisms living in these places are exposed to air during low tides and submerged in seawater during high tides.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, marine life living in the intertidal zone are usually hardy and tough, which is great for them given how regularly they’re exposed to rough weather conditions, said Allison Gong, marine biologist and biology teacher at Cabrillo College in Aptos. “They are also some of the most beautiful and extraordinary organisms we have on the planet,” she added.[aside postID='science_1985496,science_1983841,science_1602625' label='Related coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While seeing marine creatures out in the wild is a rewarding experience on its own, tide pooling is also a great way to learn about our local environment. “It’s a way to understand the connection between global phenomena like climate change and atmospheric rivers and how they impact the environment,” said Sarah Cohen, professor of biology at San Francisco State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before going out tide pooling, remember to always be respectful of the ocean and its inhabitants. When you go tide pooling, you are actually temporarily invading these creatures’ homes, Gong said. “The marine animals did not evolve to have people stepping on them or prying them off of rocks,” Gong said. “Visiting the tide pools is a privilege. We need to be nice visitors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How to start tide pooling\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Tides occur during the rise and fall of the ocean’s waters, caused by \u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/moon/tides/\">the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun on Earth\u003c/a>. “It’s a beautiful cycle,” Cohen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because you want to go tide pooling at the right time — low tide — Cohen said you should plan to be at your desired location an hour before the low tide arrives. This will ensure that you have enough time to get your bearings, plan your visit and enjoy the tide pools before the sea fills back in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991714\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991714\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/gravity-and-bulges.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Moon and Earth exert a gravitational pull on each other. On Earth, the Moon’s gravitational pull causes the oceans to bulge out on both the side closest to the Moon and the side farthest from the Moon. These bulges create high tides. The low points are where low tides occur. \u003ccite>(NASA/Vi Nguyen)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For an optimal experience, look for low tides between -1.0 feet and -1.4 feet on tide charts like \u003ca href=\"https://www.saltwatertides.com/\">Saltwater Tides\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/tide_predictions.html\">NOAA Tide Predictions.\u003c/a> And remember, as the days get shorter during the year, the low tides occur later in the day. For example, you’ll find that in the summer, low tides are much earlier than in the winter. So “if you are not an early riser, I recommend making it out to the tide pools in November to April,” said Alison Young, co-director of the Center for Biodiversity and Community Science at the California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How to stay safe while tide pooling\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991726\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1991726\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-1491052469.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-1491052469.jpg 1414w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-1491052469-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-1491052469-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-1491052469-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-1491052469-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-1491052469-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-1491052469-1365x2048.jpg 1365w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image of a tide pool on California coast filled with vibrant green sea anemone. \u003ccite>(Nicholas Klein/iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The coast is a beautiful place, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1978061/after-their-son-was-swept-into-the-ocean-this-fremont-family-turned-their-grief-into-advocacy\">the ocean can always be dangerous\u003c/a> — even on a calm day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don’t forget to check with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/mtr/\">National Weather Service’s Bay Area office\u003c/a> for swells, surf warnings, and beach flooding warnings before heading out for your tide pool adventure. For safety reasons, it’s also best to avoid tide pooling during storms and high winds and never keep your back to the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marine biologist Gong recommended bringing a friend when you’re out tide pooling, especially if it’s your first time. “It’s also more fun to share your discoveries with other people,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the coast, you can find organisms attached to rocks or living in the pools that they form. These rocks along Bay Area’’s tide pools can be wet and slick from the surging waves and algae growth, so appropriate footwear like rubber boots with treads can help you from slipping and falling, Young said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How to keep wildlife safe when tide pooling\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While it might be highly tempting to touch the marine creatures, you should always be careful not to harm them. The organisms inhabiting these tide pools are delicate and vulnerable; even a gentle touch or wrong step, however well-intentioned, could disrupt their ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea stars and sea urchins, for example, have a very thin layer of skin over their entire bodies, including their spines. “When you put your hands all over them, you’re kind of smothering them,” SFSU’s Cohen said. They can’t breathe because they breathe through that skin. What’s more, oils and moisturizers that might be on your hands could irritate them, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991710\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2124px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991710\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-184909560.jpg\" alt=\"A yellow star fish is seen inside a tide pool against rocks covered in seaweed.\" width=\"2124\" height=\"1411\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-184909560.jpg 2124w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-184909560-800x531.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-184909560-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-184909560-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-184909560-768x510.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-184909560-1536x1020.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-184909560-2048x1361.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-184909560-1920x1275.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2124px) 100vw, 2124px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Close-up of starfish in Pacific Coast tide pool. Taken at Santa Cruz, California. \u003ccite>(GomezDavid/iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Not only are sea stars delicate creatures, but they have also experienced a massive die-off in 2013 due to \u003ca href=\"https://marine.ucsc.edu/data-products/sea-star-wasting/\">“sea star wasting syndrome” (SSWS)\u003c/a>. “Sea stars on our coast have suffered a very large disease event, the largest ever documented in the marine realm,” Cohen said. Some sea star populations are decimated or even locally extinct — which is why it’s especially important to be careful around this particular species, Cohen said. Even if you see a location that seems to have a lot of sea stars, know that their former populations were much greater — and they have an important role in marine ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The general advice is to admire from afar, take pictures, upload them on \u003ca href=\"https://www.inaturalist.org/\">the iNaturalist app\u003c/a>, and learn more about the species you see in the intertidal. By adding data on iNaturalist, you’re helping scientists and marine biologists to get a snapshot of coastal biodiversity year over year to see how species are moving with warmer waters up the coast, Young said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another rule of thumb when tide pooling is not to take anything home with you, especially if they are still alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"tidepool\">\u003c/a>The best places to go tide pooling in or near the Bay Area\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>During low tides, you can enjoy tide pooling anywhere along the rocky areas of the Bay Area coast. Be sure to check the location’s website for the latest information on weather and beach conditions before heading out. To be with others and learn about the intertidal zone in the summer, you can \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/calcoast\">join a BioBlitz organized by the California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the more popular tide pooling destinations in and near the Bay Area:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>San Francisco\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parksconservancy.org/parks/china-beach\">China Beach\u003c/a> between Land’s End and Baker Beach\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parksconservancy.org/parks/ocean-beach\">Ocean Beach\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>North Bay\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/pages/448/files/SaltPointKruseWebBrochure2010.pdf\">Salt Point State Park, Sonoma County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bodegabay.com/tide-pools/exploring-the-tide-pools-of-the-sonoma-coast/\">Bodega Bay, Sonoma County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/thingstodo/point-reyes-tidepooling.htm\">Sculptured Beach and Duxbury Reef, Point Reyes National Seashore\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://parks.sonomacounty.ca.gov/visit/find-a-park/shell-beach-coastal-access-trail\">Shell Beach, Sonoma Coast State Park, Sonoma County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.alltrails.com/trail/us/california/palomarin-beach-trail\">Palomarin Beach, Point Reyes National Seashore\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>East Bay\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/crown-beach\">Crown Memorial State Beach, Alameda County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/recreation/swimming/keller-beach\">Keller Beach in Richmond, Contra Costa County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peninsula\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.smcgov.org/parks/fitzgerald-marine-reserve\">Fitzgerald Marine Reserve, San Mateo County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=524\">Pacifica State Beach, San Mateo County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=533%20\">Pigeon Point Lighthouse, San Mateo County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.smcgov.org/parks/pillar-point-bluff\">Pillar Point Bluff, San Mateo County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Others near the Bay Area\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=541\">Natural Bridges State Beach, Santa Cruz\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.californiabeaches.com/beach/davenport-landing-beach/\">Davenport Landing Beach, Davenport\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/default.asp?page_id=566\">Asilomar State Beach, Monterey\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=571\">Point Lobos State Reserve, Monterey\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=589\">William Randolph Hearst Memorial Beach, San Luis Obispo County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=590\">Leffingwell Landing Day Use Area, Hearst San Simeon State Park. San Luis Obispo County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=436\">Mackerricher State Park, Mendocino\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The best places to go tide pooling in the Bay Area, with ways to make sure you keep our wildlife (and yourself) safe.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1709915560,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":1420},"headData":{"title":"The Best Places to Go Tide Pooling in the Bay Area | KQED","description":"The best places to go tide pooling in the Bay Area, with ways to make sure you keep our wildlife (and yourself) safe.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Best Places to Go Tide Pooling in the Bay Area","datePublished":"2024-03-08T12:00:48.000Z","dateModified":"2024-03-08T16:32:40.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1991709/the-best-places-to-go-tide-pooling-in-the-bay-area","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you love discovering the Bay Area’s beautiful coastline, then tide pooling — exploring the tiny basins of seawater and marine life that stud the shore — is one of the most enjoyable things to do out in nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea stars, mussels, barnacles, seaweed, urchins, hermit crabs and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/invertebrates/facts/nudibranchs-1\">nudibranchs\u003c/a> are just a few examples of the many inhabitants hanging out in Bay Area tide pools. The best way to see tide pools — these little pockets of seawater in the ocean’s \u003ca href=\"https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/intertidal-zone.html\">intertidal zones\u003c/a> where the ocean meets the land — is during low tide. This is when some of the most fascinating marine wildlife becomes visible to those who pay close attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep reading for what to know about tide pooling in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#tidepool\">\u003cstrong>Jump straight to: The best places for tide pooling\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Intertidal zones are home to ‘the most beautiful organisms’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/intertidal-zone/\">The intertidal zone, where the ocean meets the land, is an extreme ecosystem that experiences drastic changes. Organisms living in these places are exposed to air during low tides and submerged in seawater during high tides.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, marine life living in the intertidal zone are usually hardy and tough, which is great for them given how regularly they’re exposed to rough weather conditions, said Allison Gong, marine biologist and biology teacher at Cabrillo College in Aptos. “They are also some of the most beautiful and extraordinary organisms we have on the planet,” she added.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1985496,science_1983841,science_1602625","label":"Related coverage "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While seeing marine creatures out in the wild is a rewarding experience on its own, tide pooling is also a great way to learn about our local environment. “It’s a way to understand the connection between global phenomena like climate change and atmospheric rivers and how they impact the environment,” said Sarah Cohen, professor of biology at San Francisco State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before going out tide pooling, remember to always be respectful of the ocean and its inhabitants. When you go tide pooling, you are actually temporarily invading these creatures’ homes, Gong said. “The marine animals did not evolve to have people stepping on them or prying them off of rocks,” Gong said. “Visiting the tide pools is a privilege. We need to be nice visitors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How to start tide pooling\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Tides occur during the rise and fall of the ocean’s waters, caused by \u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/moon/tides/\">the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun on Earth\u003c/a>. “It’s a beautiful cycle,” Cohen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because you want to go tide pooling at the right time — low tide — Cohen said you should plan to be at your desired location an hour before the low tide arrives. This will ensure that you have enough time to get your bearings, plan your visit and enjoy the tide pools before the sea fills back in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991714\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991714\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/gravity-and-bulges.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Moon and Earth exert a gravitational pull on each other. On Earth, the Moon’s gravitational pull causes the oceans to bulge out on both the side closest to the Moon and the side farthest from the Moon. These bulges create high tides. The low points are where low tides occur. \u003ccite>(NASA/Vi Nguyen)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For an optimal experience, look for low tides between -1.0 feet and -1.4 feet on tide charts like \u003ca href=\"https://www.saltwatertides.com/\">Saltwater Tides\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/tide_predictions.html\">NOAA Tide Predictions.\u003c/a> And remember, as the days get shorter during the year, the low tides occur later in the day. For example, you’ll find that in the summer, low tides are much earlier than in the winter. So “if you are not an early riser, I recommend making it out to the tide pools in November to April,” said Alison Young, co-director of the Center for Biodiversity and Community Science at the California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How to stay safe while tide pooling\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991726\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1991726\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-1491052469.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-1491052469.jpg 1414w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-1491052469-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-1491052469-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-1491052469-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-1491052469-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-1491052469-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-1491052469-1365x2048.jpg 1365w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image of a tide pool on California coast filled with vibrant green sea anemone. \u003ccite>(Nicholas Klein/iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The coast is a beautiful place, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1978061/after-their-son-was-swept-into-the-ocean-this-fremont-family-turned-their-grief-into-advocacy\">the ocean can always be dangerous\u003c/a> — even on a calm day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don’t forget to check with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/mtr/\">National Weather Service’s Bay Area office\u003c/a> for swells, surf warnings, and beach flooding warnings before heading out for your tide pool adventure. For safety reasons, it’s also best to avoid tide pooling during storms and high winds and never keep your back to the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marine biologist Gong recommended bringing a friend when you’re out tide pooling, especially if it’s your first time. “It’s also more fun to share your discoveries with other people,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the coast, you can find organisms attached to rocks or living in the pools that they form. These rocks along Bay Area’’s tide pools can be wet and slick from the surging waves and algae growth, so appropriate footwear like rubber boots with treads can help you from slipping and falling, Young said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How to keep wildlife safe when tide pooling\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While it might be highly tempting to touch the marine creatures, you should always be careful not to harm them. The organisms inhabiting these tide pools are delicate and vulnerable; even a gentle touch or wrong step, however well-intentioned, could disrupt their ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea stars and sea urchins, for example, have a very thin layer of skin over their entire bodies, including their spines. “When you put your hands all over them, you’re kind of smothering them,” SFSU’s Cohen said. They can’t breathe because they breathe through that skin. What’s more, oils and moisturizers that might be on your hands could irritate them, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991710\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2124px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991710\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-184909560.jpg\" alt=\"A yellow star fish is seen inside a tide pool against rocks covered in seaweed.\" width=\"2124\" height=\"1411\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-184909560.jpg 2124w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-184909560-800x531.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-184909560-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-184909560-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-184909560-768x510.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-184909560-1536x1020.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-184909560-2048x1361.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/iStock-184909560-1920x1275.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2124px) 100vw, 2124px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Close-up of starfish in Pacific Coast tide pool. Taken at Santa Cruz, California. \u003ccite>(GomezDavid/iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Not only are sea stars delicate creatures, but they have also experienced a massive die-off in 2013 due to \u003ca href=\"https://marine.ucsc.edu/data-products/sea-star-wasting/\">“sea star wasting syndrome” (SSWS)\u003c/a>. “Sea stars on our coast have suffered a very large disease event, the largest ever documented in the marine realm,” Cohen said. Some sea star populations are decimated or even locally extinct — which is why it’s especially important to be careful around this particular species, Cohen said. Even if you see a location that seems to have a lot of sea stars, know that their former populations were much greater — and they have an important role in marine ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The general advice is to admire from afar, take pictures, upload them on \u003ca href=\"https://www.inaturalist.org/\">the iNaturalist app\u003c/a>, and learn more about the species you see in the intertidal. By adding data on iNaturalist, you’re helping scientists and marine biologists to get a snapshot of coastal biodiversity year over year to see how species are moving with warmer waters up the coast, Young said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another rule of thumb when tide pooling is not to take anything home with you, especially if they are still alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"tidepool\">\u003c/a>The best places to go tide pooling in or near the Bay Area\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>During low tides, you can enjoy tide pooling anywhere along the rocky areas of the Bay Area coast. Be sure to check the location’s website for the latest information on weather and beach conditions before heading out. To be with others and learn about the intertidal zone in the summer, you can \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/calcoast\">join a BioBlitz organized by the California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the more popular tide pooling destinations in and near the Bay Area:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>San Francisco\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parksconservancy.org/parks/china-beach\">China Beach\u003c/a> between Land’s End and Baker Beach\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parksconservancy.org/parks/ocean-beach\">Ocean Beach\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>North Bay\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/pages/448/files/SaltPointKruseWebBrochure2010.pdf\">Salt Point State Park, Sonoma County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bodegabay.com/tide-pools/exploring-the-tide-pools-of-the-sonoma-coast/\">Bodega Bay, Sonoma County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/thingstodo/point-reyes-tidepooling.htm\">Sculptured Beach and Duxbury Reef, Point Reyes National Seashore\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://parks.sonomacounty.ca.gov/visit/find-a-park/shell-beach-coastal-access-trail\">Shell Beach, Sonoma Coast State Park, Sonoma County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.alltrails.com/trail/us/california/palomarin-beach-trail\">Palomarin Beach, Point Reyes National Seashore\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>East Bay\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/crown-beach\">Crown Memorial State Beach, Alameda County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/recreation/swimming/keller-beach\">Keller Beach in Richmond, Contra Costa County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peninsula\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.smcgov.org/parks/fitzgerald-marine-reserve\">Fitzgerald Marine Reserve, San Mateo County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=524\">Pacifica State Beach, San Mateo County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=533%20\">Pigeon Point Lighthouse, San Mateo County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.smcgov.org/parks/pillar-point-bluff\">Pillar Point Bluff, San Mateo County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Others near the Bay Area\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=541\">Natural Bridges State Beach, Santa Cruz\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.californiabeaches.com/beach/davenport-landing-beach/\">Davenport Landing Beach, Davenport\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/default.asp?page_id=566\">Asilomar State Beach, Monterey\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=571\">Point Lobos State Reserve, Monterey\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=589\">William Randolph Hearst Memorial Beach, San Luis Obispo County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=590\">Leffingwell Landing Day Use Area, Hearst San Simeon State Park. San Luis Obispo County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=436\">Mackerricher State Park, Mendocino\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1991709/the-best-places-to-go-tide-pooling-in-the-bay-area","authors":["11631"],"categories":["science_2874","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_4992","science_4417","science_2549","science_2409","science_2688","science_179","science_324","science_1155"],"featImg":"science_1991712","label":"science"},"science_1930284":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1930284","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1930284","score":null,"sort":[1535063038000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-may-become-the-first-state-to-restrict-plastic-straws-in-restaurants","title":"California Closer to Becoming First State to Restrict Plastic Straws in Restaurants","publishDate":1535063038,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Closer to Becoming First State to Restrict Plastic Straws in Restaurants | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>If you want a plastic straw with your drink you may soon have to ask at California restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers in the Assembly sent Gov. Jerry Brown a bill Thursday that would bar full-service restaurants from giving out straws unless customers request them. It wouldn’t ban straws outright.[contextly_sidebar id=”v9WdhyFJanDxkZ2XnkqaJp2xsyoqPFtV”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Restaurants would be warned for first and second violations and fined up to $300 per year for subsequent violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Assemblyman Ian Calderon of Whittier described the bill as a small step toward reducing plastic use and fighting ocean pollution. The measure would affect full-service restaurants and wouldn’t apply to fast food establishments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican Assemblywoman Melissa Melendez of Lake Elsinore says she doesn’t believe it will reduce pollution but will punish restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restaurant industry doesn’t oppose the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Coastal Commission has recorded roughly 835,000 straws and stirrers picked up between 1988 and 2014 during beach cleanups, according to\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-plastic-straw-limits-california-20180823-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> the LA Times.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”yqZOmEOBCMbBg4YxHjib0asDXgXfT41t”]Plastic can take up to \u003ca href=\"https://www.des.nh.gov/organization/divisions/water/wmb/coastal/trash/documents/marine_debris.pdf\">500 years\u003c/a> to decompose and leaks toxins into the soil and water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Protection Agency\u003ca href=\"https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2012/01/31/what-happens-to-all-that-plastic/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> estimates\u003c/a> that Americans disposed of more than 33 million tons of plastic in 2014, most of which was not recycled.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Restaurants would be warned for first and second violations and fined up to $300 per year for subsequent violations. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927551,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":219},"headData":{"title":"California Closer to Becoming First State to Restrict Plastic Straws in Restaurants | KQED","description":"Restaurants would be warned for first and second violations and fined up to $300 per year for subsequent violations. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California Closer to Becoming First State to Restrict Plastic Straws in Restaurants","datePublished":"2018-08-23T22:23:58.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T22:59:11.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Environment","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Sophia Bollag\u003cbr />The Associated Press","path":"/science/1930284/california-may-become-the-first-state-to-restrict-plastic-straws-in-restaurants","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you want a plastic straw with your drink you may soon have to ask at California restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers in the Assembly sent Gov. Jerry Brown a bill Thursday that would bar full-service restaurants from giving out straws unless customers request them. It wouldn’t ban straws outright.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Restaurants would be warned for first and second violations and fined up to $300 per year for subsequent violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Assemblyman Ian Calderon of Whittier described the bill as a small step toward reducing plastic use and fighting ocean pollution. The measure would affect full-service restaurants and wouldn’t apply to fast food establishments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican Assemblywoman Melissa Melendez of Lake Elsinore says she doesn’t believe it will reduce pollution but will punish restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restaurant industry doesn’t oppose the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Coastal Commission has recorded roughly 835,000 straws and stirrers picked up between 1988 and 2014 during beach cleanups, according to\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-plastic-straw-limits-california-20180823-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> the LA Times.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Plastic can take up to \u003ca href=\"https://www.des.nh.gov/organization/divisions/water/wmb/coastal/trash/documents/marine_debris.pdf\">500 years\u003c/a> to decompose and leaks toxins into the soil and water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Protection Agency\u003ca href=\"https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2012/01/31/what-happens-to-all-that-plastic/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> estimates\u003c/a> that Americans disposed of more than 33 million tons of plastic in 2014, most of which was not recycled.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1930284/california-may-become-the-first-state-to-restrict-plastic-straws-in-restaurants","authors":["byline_science_1930284"],"categories":["science_35","science_37","science_40","science_2873"],"tags":["science_507","science_2688","science_3103","science_324","science_1189","science_554"],"featImg":"science_1930299","label":"source_science_1930284"},"science_1924787":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1924787","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1924787","score":null,"sort":[1527778802000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"great-white-sharks-have-a-secret-cafe-and-they-led-scientists-right-to-it","title":"Great White Sharks Have A Secret 'Cafe,' And They Led Scientists Right To It","publishDate":1527778802,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Great White Sharks Have A Secret ‘Cafe,’ And They Led Scientists Right To It | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Great white sharks have a “hidden life” that is becoming a lot less hidden thanks to a scientific expedition that has been years in the making.[contextly_sidebar id=”7x1aQGoWmRFT2DRfaE8EZul4botHj0nA”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists used to think the apex predators moved up and down the western coast of North America, snacking in waters with lots of food close to shore. Almost 20 years ago, \u003ca href=\"https://schmidtocean.org/person/dr-barbara-a-block/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stanford marine biologist Barbara Block\u003c/a> started putting tags on the sharks that could track their movements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and other researchers noticed something surprising — the tags showed that the sharks were moving away from these food-rich waters and heading more than a thousand miles off the coast of Baja California in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Satellite images suggested the area was an ocean desert, a place with very little life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mystery of what was drawing the sharks to this strange place set new research into motion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted to know if there was a hidden oasis that was formed by the currents that we couldn’t see from space,” Block said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out, the scientists tagged over 30 great white sharks last fall — more than they had ever done in a single season. They’ve already gotten to know some of these animals from years of research. They’ve even given them names, such as Eugene, Tilden and Leona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then this spring, the research team set off on a state-of-the-art ship called \u003ca href=\"https://schmidtocean.org/rv-falkor/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the research vessel Falkor\u003c/a> toward the mysterious area, hoping to find the sharks they tagged.[contextly_sidebar id=”fCKG7i6T6oe39MShk0LxJLEXSP9olcMQ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of expectation when you put technology on an animal and then you take an expensive ship like the Falkor with 40 people to a box in the middle of the ocean and expect that these white sharks are going to be there,” Block said, speaking from the ship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure enough, the animals were indeed swimming to this remote place, which the researchers have nicknamed the “White Shark Cafe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just as we predicted, the sharks showed up right in the cruise box,” Block added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tags were programmed to pop off and float to the surface right when the Falkor was there. Each tag that reached the surface gave off a signal — and kicked off what Block called an “open-ocean treasure hunt,” as the team tried to find something the size of a small microphone in an area about the size of Colorado. These sophisticated tags record temperature, pressure, light and time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We doubled our current 20-year data set in three weeks,” Block said. The tags have 2,500 days of data at one- to three-second intervals, allowing researchers to see how the white sharks move up and down through the water with unprecedented detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists will need time to parse all of this information, including new mysteries such as why male and female sharks move differently through the water. The males move up and down rapidly — sometimes 120 times a day. Females will go up to the shallow water at night, then down much deeper in the day.[contextly_sidebar id=”IaYZs5Kx7uGlt71vtem4gg4V9GpMDqFr”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The male white shark and the female white shark are doing completely different things, and that’s not something we’ve seen so much before,” Block said. “We have to spend some time studying these behaviors to try to understand if this is courtship behavior or is this really a feeding or foraging behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And after the tags popped up, the scientists used a range of techniques to learn about the water nearby. They had a couple of saildrones, which are surface vehicles that can locate plankton and fish. They also gathered DNA from the water to figure out what is moving down there and observed creatures using a remotely operated underwater vehicle and by pulling them up in nets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We expected it to be the desert that the textbooks sort of advertised it would be,” said Bruce Robison, \u003ca href=\"https://schmidtocean.org/person/bruce-robison-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a senior scientist at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this was no desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A layer of nutrient-rich plant life exists deeper under the ocean than satellites could detect. Tiny creatures feed on it, and larger creatures feed on them. And up and up. It represents “a complete food chain, a ladder of consumption, that made us believe that there was an adequate food supply out here for big animals like tunas and the sharks,” Robison said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robison was surprised by how diverse the area was, with animals such as fish, squids, crustaceans and jellyfish. They saw totally different patterns of life in sites just a few miles away from one another, an indication of the area’s complexity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact that scientists didn’t even know this area existed until sharks led them there speaks to how much we still don’t know about the ocean. In fact, according to \u003ca href=\"https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/exploration.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NOAA’s National Ocean Service\u003c/a>, humans have explored just 5 percent of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People don’t really get is why it’s like that — it’s because it’s really hard to do,” Block said. She added that there could be more ocean hot spots out there that scientists are not yet aware of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Robison said all the information they gathered could help build a case for why the White Shark Cafe should be officially protected by the U.N. cultural agency. UNESCO is \u003ca href=\"https://whc.unesco.org/en/highseas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">considering recognizing and protecting it\u003c/a> by making it a World Heritage Site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Great+White+Sharks+Have+A+Secret+%27Cafe%2C%27+And+They+Led+Scientists+Right+To+It&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"These sharks have a hidden life that has becoming a lot less hidden, thanks to a scientific expedition that was years in the making.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927866,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":962},"headData":{"title":"Great White Sharks Have A Secret 'Cafe,' And They Led Scientists Right To It | KQED","description":"These sharks have a hidden life that has becoming a lot less hidden, thanks to a scientific expedition that was years in the making.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Great White Sharks Have A Secret 'Cafe,' And They Led Scientists Right To It","datePublished":"2018-05-31T15:00:02.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:04:26.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Animals","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Merrit Kennedy, NPR","nprImageAgency":"Courtesy Stanford University — Block Lab Hopkins Marine Station","nprStoryId":"613394086","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=613394086&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/05/28/613394086/great-white-sharks-have-a-secret-cafe-and-they-led-scientists-right-to-it?ft=nprml&f=613394086","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 29 May 2018 11:16:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 28 May 2018 05:00:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 29 May 2018 11:15:59 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/05/20180528_me_great_white_sharks_have_a_secret_cafe_and_they_led_scientists_right_to_it.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1132&d=207&p=3&story=613394086&ft=nprml&f=613394086","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1614935614-c26f78.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1132&d=207&p=3&story=613394086&ft=nprml&f=613394086","path":"/science/1924787/great-white-sharks-have-a-secret-cafe-and-they-led-scientists-right-to-it","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/05/20180528_me_great_white_sharks_have_a_secret_cafe_and_they_led_scientists_right_to_it.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1132&d=207&p=3&story=613394086&ft=nprml&f=613394086","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Great white sharks have a “hidden life” that is becoming a lot less hidden thanks to a scientific expedition that has been years in the making.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists used to think the apex predators moved up and down the western coast of North America, snacking in waters with lots of food close to shore. Almost 20 years ago, \u003ca href=\"https://schmidtocean.org/person/dr-barbara-a-block/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stanford marine biologist Barbara Block\u003c/a> started putting tags on the sharks that could track their movements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and other researchers noticed something surprising — the tags showed that the sharks were moving away from these food-rich waters and heading more than a thousand miles off the coast of Baja California in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Satellite images suggested the area was an ocean desert, a place with very little life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mystery of what was drawing the sharks to this strange place set new research into motion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted to know if there was a hidden oasis that was formed by the currents that we couldn’t see from space,” Block said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out, the scientists tagged over 30 great white sharks last fall — more than they had ever done in a single season. They’ve already gotten to know some of these animals from years of research. They’ve even given them names, such as Eugene, Tilden and Leona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then this spring, the research team set off on a state-of-the-art ship called \u003ca href=\"https://schmidtocean.org/rv-falkor/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the research vessel Falkor\u003c/a> toward the mysterious area, hoping to find the sharks they tagged.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of expectation when you put technology on an animal and then you take an expensive ship like the Falkor with 40 people to a box in the middle of the ocean and expect that these white sharks are going to be there,” Block said, speaking from the ship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure enough, the animals were indeed swimming to this remote place, which the researchers have nicknamed the “White Shark Cafe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just as we predicted, the sharks showed up right in the cruise box,” Block added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tags were programmed to pop off and float to the surface right when the Falkor was there. Each tag that reached the surface gave off a signal — and kicked off what Block called an “open-ocean treasure hunt,” as the team tried to find something the size of a small microphone in an area about the size of Colorado. These sophisticated tags record temperature, pressure, light and time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We doubled our current 20-year data set in three weeks,” Block said. The tags have 2,500 days of data at one- to three-second intervals, allowing researchers to see how the white sharks move up and down through the water with unprecedented detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists will need time to parse all of this information, including new mysteries such as why male and female sharks move differently through the water. The males move up and down rapidly — sometimes 120 times a day. Females will go up to the shallow water at night, then down much deeper in the day.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The male white shark and the female white shark are doing completely different things, and that’s not something we’ve seen so much before,” Block said. “We have to spend some time studying these behaviors to try to understand if this is courtship behavior or is this really a feeding or foraging behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And after the tags popped up, the scientists used a range of techniques to learn about the water nearby. They had a couple of saildrones, which are surface vehicles that can locate plankton and fish. They also gathered DNA from the water to figure out what is moving down there and observed creatures using a remotely operated underwater vehicle and by pulling them up in nets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We expected it to be the desert that the textbooks sort of advertised it would be,” said Bruce Robison, \u003ca href=\"https://schmidtocean.org/person/bruce-robison-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a senior scientist at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this was no desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A layer of nutrient-rich plant life exists deeper under the ocean than satellites could detect. Tiny creatures feed on it, and larger creatures feed on them. And up and up. It represents “a complete food chain, a ladder of consumption, that made us believe that there was an adequate food supply out here for big animals like tunas and the sharks,” Robison said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robison was surprised by how diverse the area was, with animals such as fish, squids, crustaceans and jellyfish. They saw totally different patterns of life in sites just a few miles away from one another, an indication of the area’s complexity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact that scientists didn’t even know this area existed until sharks led them there speaks to how much we still don’t know about the ocean. In fact, according to \u003ca href=\"https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/exploration.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NOAA’s National Ocean Service\u003c/a>, humans have explored just 5 percent of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People don’t really get is why it’s like that — it’s because it’s really hard to do,” Block said. She added that there could be more ocean hot spots out there that scientists are not yet aware of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Robison said all the information they gathered could help build a case for why the White Shark Cafe should be officially protected by the U.N. cultural agency. UNESCO is \u003ca href=\"https://whc.unesco.org/en/highseas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">considering recognizing and protecting it\u003c/a> by making it a World Heritage Site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Great+White+Sharks+Have+A+Secret+%27Cafe%2C%27+And+They+Led+Scientists+Right+To+It&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1924787/great-white-sharks-have-a-secret-cafe-and-they-led-scientists-right-to-it","authors":["byline_science_1924787"],"categories":["science_2874","science_35","science_40","science_2873"],"tags":["science_2688","science_843","science_2606"],"featImg":"science_1924789","label":"source_science_1924787"},"science_1920965":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1920965","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1920965","score":null,"sort":[1520898505000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"san-francisco-bay-shellfish-are-loaded-with-toxins-study-finds","title":"San Francisco Bay Shellfish Are Loaded With Toxins, Study Finds","publishDate":1520898505,"format":"standard","headTitle":"San Francisco Bay Shellfish Are Loaded With Toxins, Study Finds | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>A whopping 99 percent of mussels collected from the San Francisco Bay were contaminated with at least one algal toxin, while more than a third contained four different kinds of algal toxins, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568988318300258\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568988318300258\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003c/a>published in the March issue of the scientific journal, \u003cem>Harmful Algae\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contamination levels were often high enough to make people and animals sick, according to researchers at the U\u003cspan id=\"\">niversity of California, Santa Cruz. Their findings revealed that c\u003c/span>ontamination levels “greatly exceeded” regulatory guidelines for multiple toxins in 2012, 2014, and 2015.[contextly_sidebar id=”VZ7twXvSlZ6p2W7R5hF8UnzAhBBoGGxP”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the first time we’ve found all four of those toxins, including both freshwater and marine toxins, in the same mussel samples,” says lead author and ocean scientist Raphael Kudela. “A big concern is that we don’t know what happens if someone is exposed to multiple toxins at the same time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Bay, where freshwwater and marine waters converge, acts as a “big mixing bowl” where toxins collect, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consuming algal toxins — toxic substances released by certain algae — can have detrimental health effects in people and animals. In humans, it can produce allergic reactions such as skin rashes, respiratory symptoms, gastroenteritis, even liver and kidney failure or death, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/national-aquatic-resource-surveys/indicators-algal-toxins-microcystin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘A big concern is that we don’t know what happens if someone is exposed to multiple toxins at the same time.’\u003ccite>Dr. Raphael Kudela\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: black\">Although there are no commercial shellfish operations in San Francisco Bay, individuals harvest shellfish for their own consumption, according to the report. Online blogs feature some of the best locations along the bay to collect shellfish, including places where researchers say they found the highest toxin levels.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know how widespread it is, but I wouldn’t recommend harvesting shellfish from the bay,” warns Kudela, “even if you’re following the state quarantine guidelines, because the state only monitors the open coast.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mussel Samples\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nResearchers began tracking algal toxin levels in 2011 using water quality surveys issued by the U.S. Geological Survey. Initially, they looked for two kinds of algal toxins: domoic acid and microcystins. When they found both, researchers began testing mussels for other contaminants and found that they not only contained the first two substances, but two additional kinds of algal toxins — paralytic shellfish and dinophysis shellfish toxins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, mussel samples often exceeded recommended guidelines for human consumption for both microcystins and \u003cem>Dinophysis\u003c/em> shellfish toxins. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/national-aquatic-resource-surveys/indicators-algal-toxins-microcystin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EPA lists\u003c/a> microcystins as a possible human carcinogen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levels of domoic acid and paralytic shellfish toxins were lower than the regulatory limits, but \u003ca href=\"https://escholarship.org/content/qt9vm5m5ct/qt9vm5m5ct.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">some studies\u003c/a> suggest repeated exposure to even low levels of these toxins may cause neurological disorders.[contextly_sidebar id=”8st0m0rgfavfMo8lG1TQpIcPkT62cfeg”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: black\">The study says ocean warming and the recent drought may have contributed to the situation.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: black\">“Drought potentially brought some of the marine toxins further into the bay because there was less river flow, and it probably intensified the freshwater toxins,” Kudela says. “We don’t think the toxins were only there because of the drought, but it could have amplified things.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: black\">Local and federal agencies have begun to review their monitoring programs as a result of the findings. But in areas like San Francisco Bay it can be difficult to determine who is responsible for monitoring the waters.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: black\">“We need to look at coastal areas more holistically,” says Kudela, “so we don’t end up with a regulatory gray area where nobody’s monitoring the shellfish but people are still eating them.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A whopping 99 percent of mussels collected from the San Francisco Bay were contaminated.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928124,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":631},"headData":{"title":"San Francisco Bay Shellfish Are Loaded With Toxins, Study Finds | KQED","description":"A whopping 99 percent of mussels collected from the San Francisco Bay were contaminated.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"San Francisco Bay Shellfish Are Loaded With Toxins, Study Finds","datePublished":"2018-03-12T23:48:25.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:08:44.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Environment","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1920965/san-francisco-bay-shellfish-are-loaded-with-toxins-study-finds","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A whopping 99 percent of mussels collected from the San Francisco Bay were contaminated with at least one algal toxin, while more than a third contained four different kinds of algal toxins, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568988318300258\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568988318300258\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003c/a>published in the March issue of the scientific journal, \u003cem>Harmful Algae\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contamination levels were often high enough to make people and animals sick, according to researchers at the U\u003cspan id=\"\">niversity of California, Santa Cruz. Their findings revealed that c\u003c/span>ontamination levels “greatly exceeded” regulatory guidelines for multiple toxins in 2012, 2014, and 2015.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the first time we’ve found all four of those toxins, including both freshwater and marine toxins, in the same mussel samples,” says lead author and ocean scientist Raphael Kudela. “A big concern is that we don’t know what happens if someone is exposed to multiple toxins at the same time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Bay, where freshwwater and marine waters converge, acts as a “big mixing bowl” where toxins collect, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consuming algal toxins — toxic substances released by certain algae — can have detrimental health effects in people and animals. In humans, it can produce allergic reactions such as skin rashes, respiratory symptoms, gastroenteritis, even liver and kidney failure or death, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/national-aquatic-resource-surveys/indicators-algal-toxins-microcystin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘A big concern is that we don’t know what happens if someone is exposed to multiple toxins at the same time.’\u003ccite>Dr. Raphael Kudela\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: black\">Although there are no commercial shellfish operations in San Francisco Bay, individuals harvest shellfish for their own consumption, according to the report. Online blogs feature some of the best locations along the bay to collect shellfish, including places where researchers say they found the highest toxin levels.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know how widespread it is, but I wouldn’t recommend harvesting shellfish from the bay,” warns Kudela, “even if you’re following the state quarantine guidelines, because the state only monitors the open coast.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mussel Samples\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nResearchers began tracking algal toxin levels in 2011 using water quality surveys issued by the U.S. Geological Survey. Initially, they looked for two kinds of algal toxins: domoic acid and microcystins. When they found both, researchers began testing mussels for other contaminants and found that they not only contained the first two substances, but two additional kinds of algal toxins — paralytic shellfish and dinophysis shellfish toxins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, mussel samples often exceeded recommended guidelines for human consumption for both microcystins and \u003cem>Dinophysis\u003c/em> shellfish toxins. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/national-aquatic-resource-surveys/indicators-algal-toxins-microcystin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EPA lists\u003c/a> microcystins as a possible human carcinogen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levels of domoic acid and paralytic shellfish toxins were lower than the regulatory limits, but \u003ca href=\"https://escholarship.org/content/qt9vm5m5ct/qt9vm5m5ct.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">some studies\u003c/a> suggest repeated exposure to even low levels of these toxins may cause neurological disorders.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: black\">The study says ocean warming and the recent drought may have contributed to the situation.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: black\">“Drought potentially brought some of the marine toxins further into the bay because there was less river flow, and it probably intensified the freshwater toxins,” Kudela says. “We don’t think the toxins were only there because of the drought, but it could have amplified things.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: black\">Local and federal agencies have begun to review their monitoring programs as a result of the findings. But in areas like San Francisco Bay it can be difficult to determine who is responsible for monitoring the waters.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: black\">“We need to look at coastal areas more holistically,” says Kudela, “so we don’t end up with a regulatory gray area where nobody’s monitoring the shellfish but people are still eating them.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1920965/san-francisco-bay-shellfish-are-loaded-with-toxins-study-finds","authors":["11428"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_36","science_39","science_3424","science_40","science_2873"],"tags":["science_3370","science_2688","science_843","science_208","science_3243"],"featImg":"science_1920987","label":"source_science_1920965"},"science_1920118":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1920118","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1920118","score":null,"sort":[1519175056000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"oil-companies-want-to-conduct-seismic-surveys-that-threaten-marine-life","title":"Oil Companies Want to Conduct Seismic Surveys that Threaten Marine Life","publishDate":1519175056,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Oil Companies Want to Conduct Seismic Surveys that Threaten Marine Life | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Animals that live in the ocean communicate with sound — humpback whales, for example. But these voices could soon be drowned out by powerful sonic booms from vessels searching for oil and gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/04/27/525959808/trump-to-sign-executive-order-on-offshore-drilling-and-marine-sanctuaries.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">opening up the Atlantic Coast\u003c/a> to companies to explore for fresh reserves. And to explore, they will be making some of the loudest sounds ever heard in the ocean — sounds that, according to recent research, could harm marine animals from whales to plankton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five companies are currently applying for permits to use seismic air guns to survey thousands of miles of the seabed along the Atlantic Coast. If they get the permits, they could start later this year.[contextly_sidebar id=”8nVPYfKqrQKpGPzDTVsoLbKkQ4zqnKzm”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air guns are devices towed behind a ship. They compress and then release air explosively, and the sound waves penetrate the seabed. When they bounce back to receivers, also towed from the ships, the sound waves paint a picture of reservoirs of oil and gas beneath the seabed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sound blasts can also damage the ears and internal organs of marine animals. Ships will have to turn them off if they see whales or other marine mammals nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s growing evidence that these sounds may seriously affect animals swimming well outside the immediate danger zone. \u003ca href=\"http://scrippsscholars.ucsd.edu/athode\">Aaron Thode\u003c/a> is an oceanographer who’s studied the subject and advises the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mmc.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marine Mammal Commission\u003c/a>, a federal agency that regulates activities affecting marine life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know what happens if animals are exposed constantly to sound over long periods of time in, say, a feeding area or a breeding area or what not,” Thode explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thode works at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. He says whales have been observed retreating from the sound of air guns. That could cause them to abandon breeding or feeding grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thode’s own research has shown that bowhead whales start calling more often to each other when there’s air gun noise, at least for a while. “At some point, you know, just as if a jet plane passes overhead, you just give up and wait for the sound to decrease,” Thode says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the whales go silent, that not only has potential effects on their communication, but also on air gun surveyors. Federal rules require them to listen to for whale sounds and, if they hear them, to stop their air gun blasts. But if the whales aren’t making noise, their presence underwater won’t be known unless they’re sighted at the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists believe that air gun sounds could “mask” communication by marine animals. Surveyors will be blasting several times a minute, for months at a time. Marine biologist \u003ca href=\"http://ece.duke.edu/faculty/douglas-nowacek\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Doug Nowacek\u003c/a> at Duke University worries that that kind of constant noise could cause a mother, for example, to lose track of its calf. “If they get separated by a few tens or hundreds of meters in an increasingly loud ocean,” he says, “you can consider it gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowacek says recent scientific evidence suggests that these more subtle effects of air guns could extend a long way. “The levels that could still have and do have behavioral impacts extend out tens, and hundreds of miles away from those surveys,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And effects on smaller animals are emerging as well. Research in Australia shows that nearby air guns can actually kill shrimp-like plankton and their larvae. Even scallops have been observed recoiling from air gun sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke rolled out the offshore energy plan at a press conference in January. He promised that the government will protect the environment. “We do it right,” he said, “and we’re not going to skirt protections, we’re not going to give anyone a pass. We’re going to hold corporations accountable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Interior Department completed an environmental impact study on seismic surveying in 2014 that runs several hundred pages. It says the effects on marine life will be moderate at worst. It points out that surveyors will stop their work if they see or hear whales within 500 yards and will keep away from places they’re known to frequent. “No significant impacts are expected to occur as a result of these seismic surveys,” the Interior Department stated. The department estimates that there may by 90 billion barrels of undiscovered oil and over 300 trillion cubic feet of natural gas under the outer continental shelf along the Atlantic Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But more than 70 scientists have written to Trump asking him to cancel the surveys anyway. They note that the surveys cover regions populated by several kinds of whales that are close to extinction. “The magnitude of the proposed seismic activity is likely to have significant, long-lasting and widespread impacts on the reproduction and survival of fish and marine mammal populations in the region,” the letter stated. Doug Nowacek is one of the scientists who signed the letter, and he adds that there’s just not enough information to be sure the surveys are harmless. “There are numerous species off the Atlantic Coast that we don’t have any data whatsoever about their response to seismic,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration have been trying to take a census of what marine life lives along the continental shelf, where much of the surveying will take place. The region is heavily populated not only with several kinds of whales but dolphins and numerous other species, many of them commercially valuable. NOAA is still far from completing the task. Given that the surveys would cover tens of thousands of miles of ocean with potentially millions of sonic booms, there’s no doubt that marine animals will be exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exploration companies maintain that there’s no evidence that seismic testing has killed marine mammals. However, for several years, scientists have been working with exploration companies to develop newer air guns that are quieter. Some of these have been tested and found to work effectively at locating oil and gas reservoirs but they are not used commercially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Interior Department is expected to rule on the surveying permits in the next few weeks. Environmental and public interest groups are planning to legally challenge those permits if they are approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Seismic+Surveys+Planned+Off+U.S.+Coast+Pose+Risk+To+Marine+Life&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Trump administration could allow oil companies to set off sonic explosions that could harm marine life.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928190,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":1092},"headData":{"title":"Oil Companies Want to Conduct Seismic Surveys that Threaten Marine Life | KQED","description":"The Trump administration could allow oil companies to set off sonic explosions that could harm marine life.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Oil Companies Want to Conduct Seismic Surveys that Threaten Marine Life","datePublished":"2018-02-21T01:04:16.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:09:50.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"Christopher Joyce \u003cbr />NPR The Two Way","nprImageAgency":"Barcroft Media/Barcroft Media via Getty Images","nprStoryId":"586061334","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=586061334&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/02/19/586061334/seismic-surveys-planned-off-u-s-coast-pose-risk-to-marine-life?ft=nprml&f=586061334","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 20 Feb 2018 00:04:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 19 Feb 2018 10:00:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 19 Feb 2018 16:59:20 -0500","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/02/20180219_atc_seismic_surveys_planned_off_us_coast_pose_risk_to_marine_life.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1025&d=234&p=2&story=586061334&ft=nprml&f=586061334","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1587121735-c4f073.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1025&d=234&p=2&story=586061334&ft=nprml&f=586061334","path":"/science/1920118/oil-companies-want-to-conduct-seismic-surveys-that-threaten-marine-life","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/02/20180219_atc_seismic_surveys_planned_off_us_coast_pose_risk_to_marine_life.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1025&d=234&p=2&story=586061334&ft=nprml&f=586061334","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Animals that live in the ocean communicate with sound — humpback whales, for example. But these voices could soon be drowned out by powerful sonic booms from vessels searching for oil and gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/04/27/525959808/trump-to-sign-executive-order-on-offshore-drilling-and-marine-sanctuaries.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">opening up the Atlantic Coast\u003c/a> to companies to explore for fresh reserves. And to explore, they will be making some of the loudest sounds ever heard in the ocean — sounds that, according to recent research, could harm marine animals from whales to plankton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five companies are currently applying for permits to use seismic air guns to survey thousands of miles of the seabed along the Atlantic Coast. If they get the permits, they could start later this year.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air guns are devices towed behind a ship. They compress and then release air explosively, and the sound waves penetrate the seabed. When they bounce back to receivers, also towed from the ships, the sound waves paint a picture of reservoirs of oil and gas beneath the seabed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sound blasts can also damage the ears and internal organs of marine animals. Ships will have to turn them off if they see whales or other marine mammals nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s growing evidence that these sounds may seriously affect animals swimming well outside the immediate danger zone. \u003ca href=\"http://scrippsscholars.ucsd.edu/athode\">Aaron Thode\u003c/a> is an oceanographer who’s studied the subject and advises the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mmc.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marine Mammal Commission\u003c/a>, a federal agency that regulates activities affecting marine life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know what happens if animals are exposed constantly to sound over long periods of time in, say, a feeding area or a breeding area or what not,” Thode explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thode works at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. He says whales have been observed retreating from the sound of air guns. That could cause them to abandon breeding or feeding grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thode’s own research has shown that bowhead whales start calling more often to each other when there’s air gun noise, at least for a while. “At some point, you know, just as if a jet plane passes overhead, you just give up and wait for the sound to decrease,” Thode says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the whales go silent, that not only has potential effects on their communication, but also on air gun surveyors. Federal rules require them to listen to for whale sounds and, if they hear them, to stop their air gun blasts. But if the whales aren’t making noise, their presence underwater won’t be known unless they’re sighted at the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists believe that air gun sounds could “mask” communication by marine animals. Surveyors will be blasting several times a minute, for months at a time. Marine biologist \u003ca href=\"http://ece.duke.edu/faculty/douglas-nowacek\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Doug Nowacek\u003c/a> at Duke University worries that that kind of constant noise could cause a mother, for example, to lose track of its calf. “If they get separated by a few tens or hundreds of meters in an increasingly loud ocean,” he says, “you can consider it gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowacek says recent scientific evidence suggests that these more subtle effects of air guns could extend a long way. “The levels that could still have and do have behavioral impacts extend out tens, and hundreds of miles away from those surveys,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And effects on smaller animals are emerging as well. Research in Australia shows that nearby air guns can actually kill shrimp-like plankton and their larvae. Even scallops have been observed recoiling from air gun sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke rolled out the offshore energy plan at a press conference in January. He promised that the government will protect the environment. “We do it right,” he said, “and we’re not going to skirt protections, we’re not going to give anyone a pass. We’re going to hold corporations accountable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Interior Department completed an environmental impact study on seismic surveying in 2014 that runs several hundred pages. It says the effects on marine life will be moderate at worst. It points out that surveyors will stop their work if they see or hear whales within 500 yards and will keep away from places they’re known to frequent. “No significant impacts are expected to occur as a result of these seismic surveys,” the Interior Department stated. The department estimates that there may by 90 billion barrels of undiscovered oil and over 300 trillion cubic feet of natural gas under the outer continental shelf along the Atlantic Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But more than 70 scientists have written to Trump asking him to cancel the surveys anyway. They note that the surveys cover regions populated by several kinds of whales that are close to extinction. “The magnitude of the proposed seismic activity is likely to have significant, long-lasting and widespread impacts on the reproduction and survival of fish and marine mammal populations in the region,” the letter stated. Doug Nowacek is one of the scientists who signed the letter, and he adds that there’s just not enough information to be sure the surveys are harmless. “There are numerous species off the Atlantic Coast that we don’t have any data whatsoever about their response to seismic,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration have been trying to take a census of what marine life lives along the continental shelf, where much of the surveying will take place. The region is heavily populated not only with several kinds of whales but dolphins and numerous other species, many of them commercially valuable. NOAA is still far from completing the task. Given that the surveys would cover tens of thousands of miles of ocean with potentially millions of sonic booms, there’s no doubt that marine animals will be exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exploration companies maintain that there’s no evidence that seismic testing has killed marine mammals. However, for several years, scientists have been working with exploration companies to develop newer air guns that are quieter. Some of these have been tested and found to work effectively at locating oil and gas reservoirs but they are not used commercially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Interior Department is expected to rule on the surveying permits in the next few weeks. Environmental and public interest groups are planning to legally challenge those permits if they are approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Seismic+Surveys+Planned+Off+U.S.+Coast+Pose+Risk+To+Marine+Life&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1920118/oil-companies-want-to-conduct-seismic-surveys-that-threaten-marine-life","authors":["byline_science_1920118"],"categories":["science_2874","science_35","science_40","science_2873"],"tags":["science_3221","science_2688","science_1712"],"featImg":"science_1920119","label":"science"},"science_931635":{"type":"posts","id":"science_931635","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"931635","score":null,"sort":[1471911531000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"watch-live-as-underwater-cameras-uncover-ships-post-atomic-secrets","title":"Watch Live As Underwater Cameras Uncover Ship's Post-Atomic Secrets","publishDate":1471911531,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Watch Live As Underwater Cameras Uncover Ship’s Post-Atomic Secrets | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Update: Tuesday August 23, 2016 11 a.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nautiluslive.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Live footage\u003c/a> of the sunken \u003cem>USS Independence\u003c/em> near the Farallon Islands is still rolling! Scientists were up all night surveying the WWII-era aircraft carrier and will continue exploring until 2 p.m. PST today. So far, they’ve found a hellcat fighter aircraft, the wing of a second aircraft and sponges the size of doorways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crew erupted into cheers when it found a “Christmas tree” gauge around 10:48 a.m. The device measures pressure and protects pressure instruments against surges and pulsations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_939751\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 635px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-939751 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Nautilus_underwater.png\" alt=\"Nautilus_underwater\" width=\"635\" height=\"354\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Nautilus_underwater.png 635w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Nautilus_underwater-400x223.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 635px) 100vw, 635px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Underwater image of a “Christmas tree” gauge around aboard the USS Independence. The device measures pressure and protects pressure instruments against surges and pulsations.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Finding recognizable items underwater has been a cause for celebration among the crew. To see what else they’ve discovered, check out these recent \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/EVNautilus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">@EVNautilus\u003c/a> tweets:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/EVNautilus/status/768036372968079360\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/EVNautilus/status/768017583614332928\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/EVNautilus/status/767948253145001984\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Original post: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marine researchers are plumbing the ocean depths of a long-buried aircraft carrier this week near San Francisco Bay, uncovering its atomic secrets and studying its second act as a haven for corals and other marine life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.nautiluslive.org/blog/2016/08/22/uss-independence-atomic-history-californias-blue-backyard\">\u003cem>USS Independence\u003c/em> has rested unseen under 2,600 feet of water off the Farallon Islands\u003c/a> for 65 years—until now. Researchers aboard the Exploration Vessel\u003cem> Nautilus\u003c/em> left Half Moon Bay Monday en route to the World War II aircraft carrier, and will explore its hidden chambers until August 26.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can \u003ca href=\"http://www.nautiluslive.org/\">watch it live\u003c/a> on a webcam that follows both the action above-decks and in the watery locker below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_931916\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-931916\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-470-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"A crew member on the E/V Nautilus talks to passersby while the ship was docked at the Exploratorium.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-470-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-470-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-470-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-470-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-470-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-470-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-470-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A crew member on the E/V Nautilus talked to passersby while the ship was docked at the Exploratorium. \u003ccite>(Carrie Boyle/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The crew aboard the\u003cem> E/V Nautilus\u003c/em> recently brought us face-to-face with the diminutive purple \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-googly-eyes-20160816-snap-story.html\">googly-eyed squid\u003c/a> off the Southern California Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dive to explore the remains of the \u003cem>USS Independence\u003c/em> will be the first visual survey of the ship since it was scuttled after being used in post-World War II nuclear bomb tests and as a weapon of war against Japan.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘You don’t know what you’re going to encounter. We run the ship somewhat like the emergency room of a hospital, not knowing what the ambulance is going to deliver.’\u003ccite>Robert Ballard, Ocean Exploration Trust\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Researchers will emerge with “a detailed, full-on visual map of the Independence,” enthuses \u003ca href=\"http://www.jamesdelgado.com/\">James Delgado\u003c/a>, chief scientist for the USS Independence mission on the \u003cem>Nautilus \u003c/em>and the director of the Office of National Marine Sanctuaries’ Maritime Heritage Program. “That has not been done with any big shipwreck other than the \u003cem>Titanic\u003c/em>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>USS Independence\u003c/em> joined the Pacific Fleet in 1943, helping marines and pilots lay waste to Japan and the Philippines until the war ended in the fall of 1945. It was strafed by Japanese aircraft, bombed and torpedoed, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.navyhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Herman-Brown.pdf\">this rather thrilling account by a sailor aboard the vessel at the time\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was one of dozens of ships anchored off the Bikini Atoll in 1946 for a new duty: to act as a nuclear test subject. The ship survived two blasts before returning to Hunter’s Point in San Francisco to be used in decontamination studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The battered, leaking ship was towed out to sea in 1951, exiting the Golden Gate to be scuttled, or intentionally sunk, about 30 miles offshore, near the Farallon Islands. There it joined a watery graveyard of more than 400 shipwrecks off the Farallon Islands, part of the \u003ca href=\"http://farallones.noaa.gov/\">Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rovers go where no one ever has\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research mission is not without its dangers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team will be bringing up samples of marine life growing on the wreck—but with extra caution, given the \u003cem>Independence’s \u003c/em>nuclear past. Although they do not expect high levels of radiation, scientists from UC Berkeley are on board to test the radioactivity of any samples and instruments brought up from the wreck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I love working shipwrecks,” says \u003ca href=\"http://nautiluslive.org/people/robert-ballard\">Robert Ballard\u003c/a>, president of the Ocean Exploration Trust, which operates the \u003cem>Nautilus\u003c/em> expeditions. “But they’re dangerous. We have to be careful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ballard, who discovered the remains of the R.M.S. \u003cem>Titanic\u003c/em>, does not hold back his excitement about exploring the \u003cem>Independence \u003c/em>— which is roughly as long as the San Francisco Ferry Building. “We brought our A-team. Because they know when I get near a wreck, I get \u003cem>near\u003c/em> it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to get these guys very close,” he adds. “And you’ll see it live.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_931914\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-931914\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-453-800x450.jpg\" alt='Chris Roman describes the instruments on the ROV Hercules. \"The number one rule of ocean engineering is to keep the water out,\" says Roman, an Associate Professor of University of Rhode Island who has been onboard for many Nautilus expeditions' width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-453-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-453-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-453-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-453-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-453-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-453-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-453-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chris Roman describes the instruments on the ROV Hercules, which is used to capture real-time footage of the deep sea, feeding it back to the Nautilus via fiber-optic cables. \u003ccite>(Carrie Boyle/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The “guys” Ballard is referring to are the ship’s two remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), \u003ca href=\"http://www.nautiluslive.org/tech/rov-argus\">Argus\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.nautiluslive.org/tech/rov-hercules\">Hercules\u003c/a>, which shoot deep ocean footage and send it back to the ship’s control room and to millions of viewers on land. The two ROVs work in tandem as they hover above the seafloor, tied together with a bright yellow flexible tether. Argus is connected to the \u003cem>Nautilus \u003c/em>with a long cable made of steel, copper, and fiber-optic wires; its job is to provide stability, light, and an extra set of eyes for Hercules.[contextly_sidebar id=”EcbjB5FqDu81qJ4BxFb2va40eeK8qh55″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ROV technology like this gives us unprecedented views of the ocean. “And the best part is that you share it with everyone,” says Delgado. “That, for me, is the magic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That magic is made possible by the ship’s satellite, a giant golf ball-shaped dome which enables communication so that online viewers can write in with questions, students can watch from their classrooms, and scientists can call in with advice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t know what you’re going to encounter,” says Ballard. “We run the ship somewhat like the emergency room of a hospital, not knowing what the ambulance is going to deliver.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Corals, sponges and the unknown\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of those surprise encounters will be with marine life that have colonized the \u003cem>USS Independence\u003c/em> in the years since its human inhabitants abandoned ship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coral and sponge communities that exist in our deep, dark backyard provide important habitat in an otherwise flat, sandy underwater world. The corals in particular are impressively long-lived. Local species can live for over 100 years — and they have growth rings that can be analyzed just like tree rings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_931917\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-931917\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/corals.jpg\" alt=\"Deep sea coral communities are home to a diverse group of organisms, and are largely unexplored.\" width=\"750\" height=\"464\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/corals.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/corals-400x247.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deep sea coral communities are home to a diverse group of organisms, and are largely unexplored. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As the ROVs explore the wreck, the researchers on board the \u003cem>Nautilus\u003c/em> will rely upon a network of experts around the world, or what they call “doctors on shore,” who will be watching the live stream and calling in with information and advice. “We can have people leading parts of the dive, or entire dives, or sometimes entire expeditions from shore,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.nautiluslive.org/people/mike-brennan\">Mike Brennan\u003c/a>, the expedition leader of the \u003cem>Nautilus\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They will have a coral expert from NOAA, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nautiluslive.org/people/peter-etnoyer\">Peter Etnoyer\u003c/a>, telling crew members what to sample and identifying species from a remote location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over time, scientists can monitor the health of corals and keep track of any changes, such as what might occur as the ocean becomes more acidic due to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team may discover new species and even entire reefs on the ship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seventy-five percent of the planet is 95% unknown,” says Delgado. “We know more about the moon, Mars, and soon Saturn, than we do what’s right off the coast here in a National Marine Sanctuary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And ultimately, to really understand it, we have to go out there.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Ocean explorers bring viewers along via livestream for their first look at the sunken USS Independence near the Farallon Islands. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704929736,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":35,"wordCount":1357},"headData":{"title":"Watch Live As Underwater Cameras Uncover Ship's Post-Atomic Secrets | KQED","description":"Ocean explorers bring viewers along via livestream for their first look at the sunken USS Independence near the Farallon Islands. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Watch Live As Underwater Cameras Uncover Ship's Post-Atomic Secrets","datePublished":"2016-08-23T00:18:51.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:35:36.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/931635/watch-live-as-underwater-cameras-uncover-ships-post-atomic-secrets","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Update: Tuesday August 23, 2016 11 a.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nautiluslive.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Live footage\u003c/a> of the sunken \u003cem>USS Independence\u003c/em> near the Farallon Islands is still rolling! Scientists were up all night surveying the WWII-era aircraft carrier and will continue exploring until 2 p.m. PST today. So far, they’ve found a hellcat fighter aircraft, the wing of a second aircraft and sponges the size of doorways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crew erupted into cheers when it found a “Christmas tree” gauge around 10:48 a.m. The device measures pressure and protects pressure instruments against surges and pulsations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_939751\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 635px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-939751 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Nautilus_underwater.png\" alt=\"Nautilus_underwater\" width=\"635\" height=\"354\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Nautilus_underwater.png 635w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Nautilus_underwater-400x223.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 635px) 100vw, 635px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Underwater image of a “Christmas tree” gauge around aboard the USS Independence. The device measures pressure and protects pressure instruments against surges and pulsations.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Finding recognizable items underwater has been a cause for celebration among the crew. To see what else they’ve discovered, check out these recent \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/EVNautilus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">@EVNautilus\u003c/a> tweets:\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"768036372968079360"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"768017583614332928"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"767948253145001984"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Original post: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marine researchers are plumbing the ocean depths of a long-buried aircraft carrier this week near San Francisco Bay, uncovering its atomic secrets and studying its second act as a haven for corals and other marine life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.nautiluslive.org/blog/2016/08/22/uss-independence-atomic-history-californias-blue-backyard\">\u003cem>USS Independence\u003c/em> has rested unseen under 2,600 feet of water off the Farallon Islands\u003c/a> for 65 years—until now. Researchers aboard the Exploration Vessel\u003cem> Nautilus\u003c/em> left Half Moon Bay Monday en route to the World War II aircraft carrier, and will explore its hidden chambers until August 26.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can \u003ca href=\"http://www.nautiluslive.org/\">watch it live\u003c/a> on a webcam that follows both the action above-decks and in the watery locker below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_931916\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-931916\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-470-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"A crew member on the E/V Nautilus talks to passersby while the ship was docked at the Exploratorium.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-470-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-470-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-470-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-470-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-470-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-470-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-470-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A crew member on the E/V Nautilus talked to passersby while the ship was docked at the Exploratorium. \u003ccite>(Carrie Boyle/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The crew aboard the\u003cem> E/V Nautilus\u003c/em> recently brought us face-to-face with the diminutive purple \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-googly-eyes-20160816-snap-story.html\">googly-eyed squid\u003c/a> off the Southern California Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dive to explore the remains of the \u003cem>USS Independence\u003c/em> will be the first visual survey of the ship since it was scuttled after being used in post-World War II nuclear bomb tests and as a weapon of war against Japan.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘You don’t know what you’re going to encounter. We run the ship somewhat like the emergency room of a hospital, not knowing what the ambulance is going to deliver.’\u003ccite>Robert Ballard, Ocean Exploration Trust\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Researchers will emerge with “a detailed, full-on visual map of the Independence,” enthuses \u003ca href=\"http://www.jamesdelgado.com/\">James Delgado\u003c/a>, chief scientist for the USS Independence mission on the \u003cem>Nautilus \u003c/em>and the director of the Office of National Marine Sanctuaries’ Maritime Heritage Program. “That has not been done with any big shipwreck other than the \u003cem>Titanic\u003c/em>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>USS Independence\u003c/em> joined the Pacific Fleet in 1943, helping marines and pilots lay waste to Japan and the Philippines until the war ended in the fall of 1945. It was strafed by Japanese aircraft, bombed and torpedoed, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.navyhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Herman-Brown.pdf\">this rather thrilling account by a sailor aboard the vessel at the time\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was one of dozens of ships anchored off the Bikini Atoll in 1946 for a new duty: to act as a nuclear test subject. The ship survived two blasts before returning to Hunter’s Point in San Francisco to be used in decontamination studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The battered, leaking ship was towed out to sea in 1951, exiting the Golden Gate to be scuttled, or intentionally sunk, about 30 miles offshore, near the Farallon Islands. There it joined a watery graveyard of more than 400 shipwrecks off the Farallon Islands, part of the \u003ca href=\"http://farallones.noaa.gov/\">Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rovers go where no one ever has\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research mission is not without its dangers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team will be bringing up samples of marine life growing on the wreck—but with extra caution, given the \u003cem>Independence’s \u003c/em>nuclear past. Although they do not expect high levels of radiation, scientists from UC Berkeley are on board to test the radioactivity of any samples and instruments brought up from the wreck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I love working shipwrecks,” says \u003ca href=\"http://nautiluslive.org/people/robert-ballard\">Robert Ballard\u003c/a>, president of the Ocean Exploration Trust, which operates the \u003cem>Nautilus\u003c/em> expeditions. “But they’re dangerous. We have to be careful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ballard, who discovered the remains of the R.M.S. \u003cem>Titanic\u003c/em>, does not hold back his excitement about exploring the \u003cem>Independence \u003c/em>— which is roughly as long as the San Francisco Ferry Building. “We brought our A-team. Because they know when I get near a wreck, I get \u003cem>near\u003c/em> it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to get these guys very close,” he adds. “And you’ll see it live.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_931914\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-931914\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-453-800x450.jpg\" alt='Chris Roman describes the instruments on the ROV Hercules. \"The number one rule of ocean engineering is to keep the water out,\" says Roman, an Associate Professor of University of Rhode Island who has been onboard for many Nautilus expeditions' width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-453-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-453-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-453-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-453-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-453-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-453-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/urchins-453-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chris Roman describes the instruments on the ROV Hercules, which is used to capture real-time footage of the deep sea, feeding it back to the Nautilus via fiber-optic cables. \u003ccite>(Carrie Boyle/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The “guys” Ballard is referring to are the ship’s two remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), \u003ca href=\"http://www.nautiluslive.org/tech/rov-argus\">Argus\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.nautiluslive.org/tech/rov-hercules\">Hercules\u003c/a>, which shoot deep ocean footage and send it back to the ship’s control room and to millions of viewers on land. The two ROVs work in tandem as they hover above the seafloor, tied together with a bright yellow flexible tether. Argus is connected to the \u003cem>Nautilus \u003c/em>with a long cable made of steel, copper, and fiber-optic wires; its job is to provide stability, light, and an extra set of eyes for Hercules.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ROV technology like this gives us unprecedented views of the ocean. “And the best part is that you share it with everyone,” says Delgado. “That, for me, is the magic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That magic is made possible by the ship’s satellite, a giant golf ball-shaped dome which enables communication so that online viewers can write in with questions, students can watch from their classrooms, and scientists can call in with advice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t know what you’re going to encounter,” says Ballard. “We run the ship somewhat like the emergency room of a hospital, not knowing what the ambulance is going to deliver.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Corals, sponges and the unknown\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of those surprise encounters will be with marine life that have colonized the \u003cem>USS Independence\u003c/em> in the years since its human inhabitants abandoned ship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coral and sponge communities that exist in our deep, dark backyard provide important habitat in an otherwise flat, sandy underwater world. The corals in particular are impressively long-lived. Local species can live for over 100 years — and they have growth rings that can be analyzed just like tree rings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_931917\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-931917\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/corals.jpg\" alt=\"Deep sea coral communities are home to a diverse group of organisms, and are largely unexplored.\" width=\"750\" height=\"464\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/corals.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/corals-400x247.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deep sea coral communities are home to a diverse group of organisms, and are largely unexplored. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As the ROVs explore the wreck, the researchers on board the \u003cem>Nautilus\u003c/em> will rely upon a network of experts around the world, or what they call “doctors on shore,” who will be watching the live stream and calling in with information and advice. “We can have people leading parts of the dive, or entire dives, or sometimes entire expeditions from shore,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.nautiluslive.org/people/mike-brennan\">Mike Brennan\u003c/a>, the expedition leader of the \u003cem>Nautilus\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They will have a coral expert from NOAA, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nautiluslive.org/people/peter-etnoyer\">Peter Etnoyer\u003c/a>, telling crew members what to sample and identifying species from a remote location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over time, scientists can monitor the health of corals and keep track of any changes, such as what might occur as the ocean becomes more acidic due to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team may discover new species and even entire reefs on the ship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seventy-five percent of the planet is 95% unknown,” says Delgado. “We know more about the moon, Mars, and soon Saturn, than we do what’s right off the coast here in a National Marine Sanctuary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And ultimately, to really understand it, we have to go out there.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/931635/watch-live-as-underwater-cameras-uncover-ships-post-atomic-secrets","authors":["11254"],"categories":["science_35","science_40","science_2873"],"tags":["science_2688"],"featImg":"science_939757","label":"science"},"science_273618":{"type":"posts","id":"science_273618","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"273618","score":null,"sort":[1443545147000]},"guestAuthors":[{"ID":"100310","displayName":"Jason Jaacks","firstName":"Jason","lastName":"Jaacks","userLogin":"jason-jaacks","userEmail":"j.jaacks@gmail.com","linkedAccount":"jjacks","website":"","description":"Jason Jaacks is a visual storyteller who focuses on social and environmental issues. His films have documented a range of topics, from the militarization of the U.S.-Mexico border to performance poetry among Native American youth.\r\n\r\nHe has collaborated with PBS POV, Tribeca Film Institute, and Matter.In 2012, Jason was named a National Geographic Explorer for his work on the Elwha River.\r\n\r\nJason is the founder of SplitFrame Media - an integrated media company specializing in sharing the story across multiple media platforms. He holds a Masters of Journalism from UC Berkeley.","userNicename":"jason-jaacks","type":"guest-author","nickname":""}],"slug":"why-jellyfish-float-like-a-butterfly-and-sting-like-a-bee","title":"Why Jellyfish Float Like a Butterfly—And Sting Like a Bee","publishDate":1443545147,"format":"video","headTitle":"Why Jellyfish Float Like a Butterfly—And Sting Like a Bee | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1935,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]At first glance, jellyfish appear to be simple creatures. They don’t have eyes, or hearts, or even a brain. Most species simply drift in the open ocean, going wherever the current takes them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a lot more to jellies than meets the eye. They’ve been around for at least 600 million years, making them some of the oldest creatures on the planet. They thrive in every ocean and from pole to pole. They have also adapted to live at nearly every depth in the ocean, from topside, wind-surfing species like \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://jellieszone.com/velella.htm\">Velella velella\u003c/a>\u003c/em> to bioluminescent deep sea dwellers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For such ancient creatures, jellies are relatively new to science. Compared to other sea creatures, little research has been done about jellies. For instance, the beautifully colored Flower Hat Jellyfish was first described about 100 years ago. But until recently, little was known about where Flower Hats live in the water column or how they reproduce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Found off the coasts of Japan and Argentina, Flower Hat jellies are small in size, just six inches across, and glow an iridescent green under blue light. Unlike many other jellies, Flower Hats prey on small fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_281788\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-281788\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL_Jellies_full-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"The flower hat jelly (Olindias formosus)\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL_Jellies_full-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL_Jellies_full-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL_Jellies_full-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL_Jellies_full.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL_Jellies_full-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL_Jellies_full-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The flower hat jelly (Olindias formosus)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The species was recently on display at “The Jellies Experience” exhibit at Monterey Bay Aquarium. Flower Hat Jellies are notoriously difficult to breed in captivity, partially because of a quirky behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unlike many jellyfish, Flower Hats are semi-benthic,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbari.org/news/homepage/2014/flowerhat/flowerhat.html\">Wyatt Patry\u003c/a>, a senior aquarist at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbayaq.org/\">Monterey Bay Aquarium\u003c/a>. “They rest on the bottom of coastal seas during the day, then rise into the water column to hunt at night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To simulate their natural environment, Patry and his team installed a small grate in a tank of Flower Hats enclosure for the jellies to rest on.The grate prevented them from resting on the bottom of the tank, where bacteria and leftover fish collected. After installing the grate, Patry and his team made a discovery about the Flower Hats’ life cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the blue light that makes the jellies glow, Patry discovered Flower Hat jellyfish in their early stages of life. Both the babies and juveniles, called polyps and medusa, turn a bright fluorescent green under blue lighting – just like the adults. For the first time, Patry was able to see and describe the life cycle of Flower Hat jellyfish. He hopes these new insights will help lead to more discoveries on how jellyfish bloom in the wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blooms occur when jellies reproduce en masse. The have caused worldwide disruptions to the fishing industry and nuclear power plants who use seawater to cool their reactors. Massive blooms of jellies with powerful stings have also posed a threat to beach goers and swimmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jellyfish sting and paralyze their prey using special cells called nematocysts. Jellyfish don’t have a brain or a central nervous system to control these stinging cells, so each one has it’s own trip wire, called a cnidocil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When triggered, the nematocyst cells act like a combination of fishing hook and hypodermic needle. They fire a barb into the flesh of the jellyfish’s prey at 10,000 times the force of gravity – making it one of the fastest mechanisms in the animal kingdom. As the barb latches on, a thread-like filament bathed in toxin erupts from the barb and delivers the poison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_281791\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-281791\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL_Jellies__web-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"The long tentacles that stream behind many jellyfish are lined with billions of specialized stinging cells called nematocysts.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL_Jellies__web-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL_Jellies__web-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL_Jellies__web-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL_Jellies__web.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL_Jellies__web-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL_Jellies__web-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The long tentacles that stream behind many jellyfish are lined with billions of specialized stinging cells called nematocysts.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The nematocyst only works if the barb can penetrate the skin, which is why some jellies are more dangerous to humans than others. The smooth-looking tentacles of a sea anemone (a close relative of jellies that also has nematocyst cells) feel like sandpaper to the touch. Their nematocysts are firing, but the barbs aren’t powerful enough to puncture your skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-281798\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL_Jellies_nematocyst_500-e1443499967867.gif\" alt=\"DL_Jellies_nematocyst_500\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sting of the Flower Hat Jellyfish, on the other hand, can be very painful, according to Patry, who gets stung several times a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jellies’ powerful stinging ability makes catching prey as simple as bumping into it. It’s an important tool that has allowed them to thrive for millions of years\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike more specialized species, jellies can tolerate a wide range of ocean conditions. They can reproduce en masse when conditions are good, but are flexible enough to outlast other species when the ocean environment changes. Jellyfish are the ultimate survivors. They’ve survived five mass extinctions and are some of the most common predators in the ocean. And if their history is any indication, jellyfish may outlive us as well.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Jellyfish don’t have a heart, or blood, or even a brain. They’ve survived five mass extinctions. And you can find them in every ocean, from pole to pole. What’s their secret? Keeping it simple, but with a few dangerous tricks.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704931256,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":784},"headData":{"title":"Why Jellyfish Float Like a Butterfly—And Sting Like a Bee | KQED","description":"Jellyfish don’t have a heart, or blood, or even a brain. They’ve survived five mass extinctions. And you can find them in every ocean, from pole to pole. What’s their secret? Keeping it simple, but with a few dangerous tricks.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Why Jellyfish Float Like a Butterfly—And Sting Like a Bee","datePublished":"2015-09-29T16:45:47.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-11T00:00:56.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xQNxXUtRjzg","sticky":false,"path":"/science/273618/why-jellyfish-float-like-a-butterfly-and-sting-like-a-bee","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"dl_subscribe","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>At first glance, jellyfish appear to be simple creatures. They don’t have eyes, or hearts, or even a brain. Most species simply drift in the open ocean, going wherever the current takes them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a lot more to jellies than meets the eye. They’ve been around for at least 600 million years, making them some of the oldest creatures on the planet. They thrive in every ocean and from pole to pole. They have also adapted to live at nearly every depth in the ocean, from topside, wind-surfing species like \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://jellieszone.com/velella.htm\">Velella velella\u003c/a>\u003c/em> to bioluminescent deep sea dwellers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For such ancient creatures, jellies are relatively new to science. Compared to other sea creatures, little research has been done about jellies. For instance, the beautifully colored Flower Hat Jellyfish was first described about 100 years ago. But until recently, little was known about where Flower Hats live in the water column or how they reproduce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Found off the coasts of Japan and Argentina, Flower Hat jellies are small in size, just six inches across, and glow an iridescent green under blue light. Unlike many other jellies, Flower Hats prey on small fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_281788\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-281788\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL_Jellies_full-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"The flower hat jelly (Olindias formosus)\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL_Jellies_full-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL_Jellies_full-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL_Jellies_full-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL_Jellies_full.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL_Jellies_full-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL_Jellies_full-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The flower hat jelly (Olindias formosus)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The species was recently on display at “The Jellies Experience” exhibit at Monterey Bay Aquarium. Flower Hat Jellies are notoriously difficult to breed in captivity, partially because of a quirky behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unlike many jellyfish, Flower Hats are semi-benthic,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbari.org/news/homepage/2014/flowerhat/flowerhat.html\">Wyatt Patry\u003c/a>, a senior aquarist at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbayaq.org/\">Monterey Bay Aquarium\u003c/a>. “They rest on the bottom of coastal seas during the day, then rise into the water column to hunt at night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To simulate their natural environment, Patry and his team installed a small grate in a tank of Flower Hats enclosure for the jellies to rest on.The grate prevented them from resting on the bottom of the tank, where bacteria and leftover fish collected. After installing the grate, Patry and his team made a discovery about the Flower Hats’ life cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the blue light that makes the jellies glow, Patry discovered Flower Hat jellyfish in their early stages of life. Both the babies and juveniles, called polyps and medusa, turn a bright fluorescent green under blue lighting – just like the adults. For the first time, Patry was able to see and describe the life cycle of Flower Hat jellyfish. He hopes these new insights will help lead to more discoveries on how jellyfish bloom in the wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blooms occur when jellies reproduce en masse. The have caused worldwide disruptions to the fishing industry and nuclear power plants who use seawater to cool their reactors. Massive blooms of jellies with powerful stings have also posed a threat to beach goers and swimmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jellyfish sting and paralyze their prey using special cells called nematocysts. Jellyfish don’t have a brain or a central nervous system to control these stinging cells, so each one has it’s own trip wire, called a cnidocil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When triggered, the nematocyst cells act like a combination of fishing hook and hypodermic needle. They fire a barb into the flesh of the jellyfish’s prey at 10,000 times the force of gravity – making it one of the fastest mechanisms in the animal kingdom. As the barb latches on, a thread-like filament bathed in toxin erupts from the barb and delivers the poison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_281791\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-281791\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL_Jellies__web-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"The long tentacles that stream behind many jellyfish are lined with billions of specialized stinging cells called nematocysts.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL_Jellies__web-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL_Jellies__web-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL_Jellies__web-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL_Jellies__web.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL_Jellies__web-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL_Jellies__web-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The long tentacles that stream behind many jellyfish are lined with billions of specialized stinging cells called nematocysts.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The nematocyst only works if the barb can penetrate the skin, which is why some jellies are more dangerous to humans than others. The smooth-looking tentacles of a sea anemone (a close relative of jellies that also has nematocyst cells) feel like sandpaper to the touch. Their nematocysts are firing, but the barbs aren’t powerful enough to puncture your skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-281798\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/DL_Jellies_nematocyst_500-e1443499967867.gif\" alt=\"DL_Jellies_nematocyst_500\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sting of the Flower Hat Jellyfish, on the other hand, can be very painful, according to Patry, who gets stung several times a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jellies’ powerful stinging ability makes catching prey as simple as bumping into it. It’s an important tool that has allowed them to thrive for millions of years\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike more specialized species, jellies can tolerate a wide range of ocean conditions. They can reproduce en masse when conditions are good, but are flexible enough to outlast other species when the ocean environment changes. Jellyfish are the ultimate survivors. They’ve survived five mass extinctions and are some of the most common predators in the ocean. And if their history is any indication, jellyfish may outlive us as well.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/273618/why-jellyfish-float-like-a-butterfly-and-sting-like-a-bee","authors":["100310"],"series":["science_1935"],"categories":["science_30","science_86"],"tags":["science_2549","science_2688","science_324"],"featImg":"science_277733","label":"science_1935"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. 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