Celebration and Concern: Hetch Hetchy Reservoir Turns 100, But Climate Change Complicates its Future
San Francisco Is Fighting California’s Plan to Save Salmon. Wait. What?
Century-Old Campaign to Take Hetch Hetchy from San Francisco Still Going
San Francisco Ordered to Stop Using Century-Old Water Rights
A New, Stronger Tunnel to Bring Hetch Hetchy Water to the Bay Area
Stalled Clean Power Alternative to PG&E Looms Large in New S.F. Electricity Law
Sponsored
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He has broken major stories about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/135682/amid-a-series-of-vallejo-police-shootings-one-officers-name-stands-out\">police use of deadly force\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10454955/racist-texts-prompt-sfpd-internal-investigation\">officer misconduct\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11712239/terrorist-or-troll-judge-to-weigh-whether-oakland-man-really-intended-to-attack-bay-area\">other\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11221414/hayward-paid-159000-to-husband-of-retired-police-chief-documents-show\">high\u003c/a>-\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10622762/the-forgotten-tracking-two-homicides-in-san-francisco-public-housing\">profile\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11624516/federal-agency-promoted-ranger-just-months-after-his-gun-was-stolen-and-used-in-steinle-killing\">cases\u003c/a>. He co-founded the \u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\">California Reporting Project\u003c/a> in 2019 to obtain and report on previously confidential police internal investigations. The effort produced well over 100 original stories and changed the course of multiple criminal cases.\r\n\r\nHis work has been recognized with numerous journalism awards, including a national Edward R. Murrow award for several years of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11688481/sfpd-officers-in-mario-woods-case-recount-shooting-in-newly-filed-depositions\">reporting\u003c/a> on the San Francisco Police shooting of Mario Woods. His \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/147854/half-of-those-killed-by-san-francisco-police-are-mentally-ill\">reporting\u003c/a> on police killings of people in psychiatric crisis was cited in amicus briefs before the U.S. Supreme Court.\r\n\r\nAlex now enjoys mentoring the next generation of journalists at KQED.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e691e65209f20e9da202bd730ead5663?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"SFNewsReporter","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"mindshift","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["administrator"]}],"headData":{"title":"Alex Emslie | KQED","description":"KQED Senior Editor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e691e65209f20e9da202bd730ead5663?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e691e65209f20e9da202bd730ead5663?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/aemslie"},"ssadiq":{"type":"authors","id":"3249","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"3249","found":true},"name":"Sheraz Sadiq","firstName":"Sheraz","lastName":"Sadiq","slug":"ssadiq","email":"ssadiq@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Sheraz Sadiq is an Emmy Award-winning former producer at KQED. He covers current affairs topics and previously produced and reported on science and technology issues, from self-driving cars to synthetic biology.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9731b29e144af1965b0b7eaa56555561?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["author"]},{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sheraz Sadiq | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9731b29e144af1965b0b7eaa56555561?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9731b29e144af1965b0b7eaa56555561?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/ssadiq"},"aahmed":{"type":"authors","id":"11428","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11428","found":true},"name":"Amel Ahmed","firstName":"Amel","lastName":"Ahmed","slug":"aahmed","email":"aahmed@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Amel Ahmed is a reporter for KQED. Prior to joining KQED, Amel worked at Al Jazeera America, Al Jazeera English, Democracy Now! and Punched Productions. She also helped produce \u003cem>Changing Face of Harlem\u003c/em>, a documentary that tracked gentrification in Harlem over a period of ten years. She is a 2013 graduate of Brooklyn Law School and is currently researching war on terror prosecutions for an upcoming book.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"amelscript","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Amel Ahmed | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/aahmed"},"eromero":{"type":"authors","id":"11746","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11746","found":true},"name":"Ezra David Romero","firstName":"Ezra David","lastName":"Romero","slug":"eromero","email":"eromero@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["news","science"],"title":"Climate Reporter","bio":"Ezra David Romero is a climate reporter for KQED News. He covers the absence and excess of water in the Bay Area — think sea level rise, flooding and drought. For nearly a decade he’s covered how warming temperatures are altering the lives of Californians. He’s reported on farmers worried their pistachio trees aren’t getting enough sleep, families desperate for water, scientists studying dying giant sequoias, and alongside firefighters containing wildfires. His work has appeared on local stations across California and nationally on public radio shows like Morning Edition, Here and Now, All Things Considered and Science Friday. ","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c15bb8bab267e058708a9eeaeef16bf?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"ezraromero","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Ezra David Romero | KQED","description":"Climate Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c15bb8bab267e058708a9eeaeef16bf?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c15bb8bab267e058708a9eeaeef16bf?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/eromero"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"science_1982551":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1982551","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1982551","score":null,"sort":[1683074185000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"celebration-and-concern-hetch-hetchy-reservoir-turns-100-but-climate-change-complicates-its-future","title":"Celebration and Concern: Hetch Hetchy Reservoir Turns 100, But Climate Change Complicates its Future","publishDate":1683074185,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Celebration and Concern: Hetch Hetchy Reservoir Turns 100, But Climate Change Complicates its Future | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>[dropcap]S[/dropcap]an Francisco Mayor London Breed and a gaggle of water officials gathered in the northwest corner of Yosemite National Park on Tuesday to celebrate the centennial of the creation of the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir and the O’Shaughnessy Dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hetch Hetchy is one of the reasons why San Francisco is such a resilient city,” said Mayor London Breed with a sweeping view of mountains soaring above the water behind her, their reflections mirrored on the reservoir’s surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This [dam] was created and is a testament to the creativity, and the innovation of San Franciscans,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water system, San Francisco’s main water source, provided a stable supply of pristine Sierra Nevada snowmelt for city residents through most of the 20th century. But as human-caused climate change worsens, some water experts say the stability of San Francisco’s mountain tap is losing its surety for the 21st century and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I no longer think it will be a reliable water system,” said Samuel Sandoval Solis, an expert in water management at UC Davis. He said the ping-pong of drought and deluge are challenging the current system and will require alterations to the water system in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a privilege that San Franciscans have this high-quality water,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hetch Hetchy was a glacier-carved valley located 15 miles north of Yosemite Valley until the dam project was completed in 1923. Now it’s a massive reservoir that holds 117 billion gallons of water. A true triumph of engineering, the system relies on a 167-mile pipeline and gravity to push water down the height of Sierra Nevada, through the Central Valley, over the golden hills and into the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do shoot it with ultraviolet light to kill the bugs,” said Christopher Graham, Hetch Hetchy water operations and maintenance manager with the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission. “We don’t have to filter out the dirt from the water because it’s so clean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982574\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64952_042_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A white man in a bright yellow jacket descends concrete stairs, surrounded by metal pipes, with more concrete and a few trees visible in the far distance across the unseen water surface\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982574\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64952_042_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64952_042_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64952_042_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64952_042_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64952_042_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64952_042_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Public Utilities Commission Manager Christopher Graham descends into the O’Shaughnessy Dam at the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir in Yosemite National Park on May 2, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This year he said 1.4 million acre-feet of water is likely to melt into into the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir, but only a fraction of that will remain at the end of the dry season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water passes over three faultlines and is used for about 85% of the water needs for 2.7 million people in San Francisco and parts of Santa Clara, San Mateo and Alameda counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Christopher Graham, Hetch Hetchy water operations and maintenance manager, SFPUC\"]‘All I’m trying to do is maximize what we got and the storage capacity we have. Climate change is going to make managing this water supply much more difficult.’[/pullquote]But water experts believe the next 100 years of supplying a finite resource to millions of people will be much more complicated than storing water in a mountain bathtub and piping it to the bay. Water officials will need to conserve more and might need to make engineering upgrades so that the system can store more water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Hetch Hetchy system has been able to handle recent severe droughts and this winter’s powerful storms, but Newsha Ajami, the president of the SFPUC, said “part of that has been driven by luck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have some of the lowest water use in the state,” she said. “San Franciscans use about 40 gallons per person daily, which is very low.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFPUC operates the reservoir and expects the Hetch Hetchy system will be tested by even more extreme drought and deluge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year was one of the wettest years we’ve ever seen. Right before we had the driest three-year sequence we had ever seen,” said Graham. “We are seeing what the climate change models are forecasting, wetter wet periods and drier dry periods, which makes managing all this quite a bit more difficult.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water supply may seem stable in a wet year, Graham said, but managing the runoff from a massive Sierra snowpack takes constant attention, especially with no guarantee future years will also be wet. Come August, he said, the reservoir will remain glassy and brimming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For now, all I’m trying to do is maximize what we got and the storage capacity we have,” he said. “Climate change is going to make managing this water supply much more difficult.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982577\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64922_014_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A smiling Black woman speaks while gesturing with one hand, wearing a fingerless glove and gray jacket, as the curving concrete arc of a massive dam spreads out at eye level behind her\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982577\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64922_014_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64922_014_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64922_014_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64922_014_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64922_014_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64922_014_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Mayor London Breed looks out from the O’Shaughnessy Dam at the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir during Tuesday’s centennial celebration. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While San Franciscans don’t use much water, other parts of the Bay Area overuse the resource. Laura Feinstein with the non-profit public policy group SPUR analyzed water use within the system and found that communities like Hillsborough in San Mateo County that receive water from the Hetch Hetchy system use 190 gallons of water per person per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They use water generously even in the winter when it rains,” she said of residents who continue to water large yards and landscapes regardless of season. “Those types of inefficiencies put a lot of pressure on the system. Making communities like that more water-efficient would mean a lot of savings and make the whole system more climate resilient.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hetch Hetchy’s success will depend on rethinking its use\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Susan Leal wants to ensure that Hetch Hetchy exists as a thriving water resource in the face of human-caused climate change. She is a former general manager of the SFPUC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She sees three possibilities for the future of water originating from Hetch Hetchy: it will become more expensive over time, officials begin to recycle it on a large scale or they raise the reservoir level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regarding recycling water, Leal said there is “no alternative,” and city officials must give serious thought this year to creating more recycled water plants. Recycled water, she said, costs more but could relieve pressure on the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To get people off bottled water, we kept telling them how good their Hetch Hetchy water is,” she said. “We have to let people understand that recycled water is like distilled water. It’s very pure water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982582\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64915_004_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"the concrete top of a dam stretches away at odd angles into the distance on a cloudy day as dark water can be seen far below, with mountains in the background\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982582\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64915_004_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64915_004_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64915_004_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64915_004_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64915_004_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64915_004_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The O’Shaughnessy Dam holds back the Tuolumne River, forming Hetch Hetchy Reservoir in Yosemite National Park. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another option for increasing the water supply is to raise the dam to hold more water. In 1938, officials raised it from 227 feet to 312 feet. Leal said O’Shaughnessy Dam, which holds back the Tuolumne River, could be built 55 feet taller than its height today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We may need to build the dam higher to impound more water,” she said. “We have to consider this because we never planned for the extreme storms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raising the dam and increasing the holding capacity of the reservoir would likely come with substantial pushback from environmentalists and would likely be tied up with lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know if it’s being considered, but whether it’s recycling or impounding more water at Hetch Hetchy or other dams, all these things you have to start thinking about yesterday,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>100 years marks the ‘sacrifice of the environment’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The story of Hetch Hetchy isn’t all about free flowing, pure drinking water, and its construction kicked off one of the first major U.S. fights over land use and conservation. When officials constructed Hetch Hetchy, the reservoir cut off waterways to the fish, flora and other fauna that relied on flowing water that is now largely stored behind a cement wall deep in the Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Davis’ Sandoval Solis said the building of the reservoir, while good for many people in the Bay Area, has devastated riparian freshwater ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The environment has been compromised already for 100 years,” said Sandoval Solis. “The centennial also marks the centennial of the compromise of the environment or the sacrifice of the environment, and some of the native communities displaced for the sake of the well-being of people living in San Francisco.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hetch Hetchy is the ancient homeland of as many as a dozen Indigenous peoples; across Yosemite many were forcibly removed or killed in the mid-1800s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982585\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64931_019_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A sweeping panorama photograph shows a massive lake reflecting the shapes of steep rounded granite peaks rising above it, with alpine forest also visible\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982585\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64931_019_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64931_019_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64931_019_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64931_019_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64931_019_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64931_019_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Hetch Hetchy Valley has been inundated with water since the construction of the O’Shaughnessy Dam 100 years ago. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Damming rivers across the Sierra Nevada, like the Tuolumne River at Hetch Hetchy, have ramifications on the river systems that unite in the San Joaquin River, flow into the San Joaquin-Sacramento Delta and push into the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The large amounts of freshwater that once flowed helped mix natural algae into the salty water. Still, lesser flows into the bay mean the algae sits on top of the water, creating the perfect habitat for toxic algae blooms. Olivia Yip, an associate professor at San Jose State University who studied algae blooms, said the last outbreak that killed thousands of fish was partly due to decreased freshwater flows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Imagine a little algae floating around in the bay,” said Yip. “If there’s more mixing, then it’s less likely that it can just sit there on the top and grow like crazy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The future of the system must include equitable use of water, say advocates\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Hetch Hetchy pipeline runs through communities that need clean drinking water themselves in the Central Valley and the Bay Area. UC Davis’ Sandoval Solis said access to clean drinking water should “not be a luxury because it is a human right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The pipes are passing through the middle of their communities, but they cannot use it,” he said. “I don’t think there should be a problem with providing clean water to disadvantaged communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around two-thirds of the pure Hetch Hetchy water in the Bay Area is used outside San Francisco’s bounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='climate-change']The pipeline travels across the Dumbarton Bridge and emerges right next to the community of East Palo Alto, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.ci.east-palo-alto.ca.us/publicworks/page/utilities\">gets around 80% of its water from the source\u003c/a>. The other 20% comes from local sources, and residents question its purity, said Miriam Yupanqui, executive director of the local advocacy group Nuestra Casa de East Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yupanqui dreams of the day when 100% of the water for this town of more than 90% people of color is pure piped in mountain fresh. She said many of the more than 15,000 residents her agency represents want all of the city’s water sourced from Hetch Hetchy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our community members want quality water,” she said. “They want to feel comfortable drinking the water. Many of our community members feel that our neighbors in Palo Alto and Menlo Park are not receiving second-rate water. So why should they?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palo Alto and Menlo Park receive all of their water from the SFPUC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, groups like Climate Resilient Communities in East Palo Alto are working to provide hyper-local water sources, like cisterns connected to gutters to catch rainwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a practice that should be used here with the uncertainties of rainfall patterns and extreme events,” said Violet Wulf-Saena, founder and executive director of the nonprofit. “Every home should have a water tank to capture and hold the water that will reduce not only the flooding but also help conserve and use it when there are droughts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to have any real impact on water conservation, reducing flooding risk and increasing water supply, Wulf-Saena said they “need thousands of rain gardens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"San Francisco's main water source may not be as reliable a tap of Sierra Nevada snowmelt in the coming century.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846023,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":46,"wordCount":2041},"headData":{"title":"Celebration and Concern: Hetch Hetchy Reservoir Turns 100, But Climate Change Complicates its Future | KQED","description":"San Francisco's main water source may not be as reliable a tap of Sierra Nevada snowmelt in the coming century.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Celebration and Concern: Hetch Hetchy Reservoir Turns 100, But Climate Change Complicates its Future","datePublished":"2023-05-03T00:36:25.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:20:23.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Water","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1982551/celebration-and-concern-hetch-hetchy-reservoir-turns-100-but-climate-change-complicates-its-future","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">S\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>an Francisco Mayor London Breed and a gaggle of water officials gathered in the northwest corner of Yosemite National Park on Tuesday to celebrate the centennial of the creation of the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir and the O’Shaughnessy Dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hetch Hetchy is one of the reasons why San Francisco is such a resilient city,” said Mayor London Breed with a sweeping view of mountains soaring above the water behind her, their reflections mirrored on the reservoir’s surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This [dam] was created and is a testament to the creativity, and the innovation of San Franciscans,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water system, San Francisco’s main water source, provided a stable supply of pristine Sierra Nevada snowmelt for city residents through most of the 20th century. But as human-caused climate change worsens, some water experts say the stability of San Francisco’s mountain tap is losing its surety for the 21st century and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I no longer think it will be a reliable water system,” said Samuel Sandoval Solis, an expert in water management at UC Davis. He said the ping-pong of drought and deluge are challenging the current system and will require alterations to the water system in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a privilege that San Franciscans have this high-quality water,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hetch Hetchy was a glacier-carved valley located 15 miles north of Yosemite Valley until the dam project was completed in 1923. Now it’s a massive reservoir that holds 117 billion gallons of water. A true triumph of engineering, the system relies on a 167-mile pipeline and gravity to push water down the height of Sierra Nevada, through the Central Valley, over the golden hills and into the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do shoot it with ultraviolet light to kill the bugs,” said Christopher Graham, Hetch Hetchy water operations and maintenance manager with the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission. “We don’t have to filter out the dirt from the water because it’s so clean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982574\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64952_042_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A white man in a bright yellow jacket descends concrete stairs, surrounded by metal pipes, with more concrete and a few trees visible in the far distance across the unseen water surface\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982574\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64952_042_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64952_042_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64952_042_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64952_042_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64952_042_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64952_042_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Public Utilities Commission Manager Christopher Graham descends into the O’Shaughnessy Dam at the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir in Yosemite National Park on May 2, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This year he said 1.4 million acre-feet of water is likely to melt into into the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir, but only a fraction of that will remain at the end of the dry season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water passes over three faultlines and is used for about 85% of the water needs for 2.7 million people in San Francisco and parts of Santa Clara, San Mateo and Alameda counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘All I’m trying to do is maximize what we got and the storage capacity we have. Climate change is going to make managing this water supply much more difficult.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Christopher Graham, Hetch Hetchy water operations and maintenance manager, SFPUC","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But water experts believe the next 100 years of supplying a finite resource to millions of people will be much more complicated than storing water in a mountain bathtub and piping it to the bay. Water officials will need to conserve more and might need to make engineering upgrades so that the system can store more water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Hetch Hetchy system has been able to handle recent severe droughts and this winter’s powerful storms, but Newsha Ajami, the president of the SFPUC, said “part of that has been driven by luck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have some of the lowest water use in the state,” she said. “San Franciscans use about 40 gallons per person daily, which is very low.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFPUC operates the reservoir and expects the Hetch Hetchy system will be tested by even more extreme drought and deluge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year was one of the wettest years we’ve ever seen. Right before we had the driest three-year sequence we had ever seen,” said Graham. “We are seeing what the climate change models are forecasting, wetter wet periods and drier dry periods, which makes managing all this quite a bit more difficult.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water supply may seem stable in a wet year, Graham said, but managing the runoff from a massive Sierra snowpack takes constant attention, especially with no guarantee future years will also be wet. Come August, he said, the reservoir will remain glassy and brimming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For now, all I’m trying to do is maximize what we got and the storage capacity we have,” he said. “Climate change is going to make managing this water supply much more difficult.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982577\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64922_014_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A smiling Black woman speaks while gesturing with one hand, wearing a fingerless glove and gray jacket, as the curving concrete arc of a massive dam spreads out at eye level behind her\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982577\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64922_014_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64922_014_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64922_014_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64922_014_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64922_014_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64922_014_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Mayor London Breed looks out from the O’Shaughnessy Dam at the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir during Tuesday’s centennial celebration. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While San Franciscans don’t use much water, other parts of the Bay Area overuse the resource. Laura Feinstein with the non-profit public policy group SPUR analyzed water use within the system and found that communities like Hillsborough in San Mateo County that receive water from the Hetch Hetchy system use 190 gallons of water per person per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They use water generously even in the winter when it rains,” she said of residents who continue to water large yards and landscapes regardless of season. “Those types of inefficiencies put a lot of pressure on the system. Making communities like that more water-efficient would mean a lot of savings and make the whole system more climate resilient.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hetch Hetchy’s success will depend on rethinking its use\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Susan Leal wants to ensure that Hetch Hetchy exists as a thriving water resource in the face of human-caused climate change. She is a former general manager of the SFPUC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She sees three possibilities for the future of water originating from Hetch Hetchy: it will become more expensive over time, officials begin to recycle it on a large scale or they raise the reservoir level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regarding recycling water, Leal said there is “no alternative,” and city officials must give serious thought this year to creating more recycled water plants. Recycled water, she said, costs more but could relieve pressure on the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To get people off bottled water, we kept telling them how good their Hetch Hetchy water is,” she said. “We have to let people understand that recycled water is like distilled water. It’s very pure water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982582\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64915_004_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"the concrete top of a dam stretches away at odd angles into the distance on a cloudy day as dark water can be seen far below, with mountains in the background\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982582\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64915_004_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64915_004_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64915_004_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64915_004_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64915_004_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64915_004_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The O’Shaughnessy Dam holds back the Tuolumne River, forming Hetch Hetchy Reservoir in Yosemite National Park. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another option for increasing the water supply is to raise the dam to hold more water. In 1938, officials raised it from 227 feet to 312 feet. Leal said O’Shaughnessy Dam, which holds back the Tuolumne River, could be built 55 feet taller than its height today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We may need to build the dam higher to impound more water,” she said. “We have to consider this because we never planned for the extreme storms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raising the dam and increasing the holding capacity of the reservoir would likely come with substantial pushback from environmentalists and would likely be tied up with lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know if it’s being considered, but whether it’s recycling or impounding more water at Hetch Hetchy or other dams, all these things you have to start thinking about yesterday,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>100 years marks the ‘sacrifice of the environment’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The story of Hetch Hetchy isn’t all about free flowing, pure drinking water, and its construction kicked off one of the first major U.S. fights over land use and conservation. When officials constructed Hetch Hetchy, the reservoir cut off waterways to the fish, flora and other fauna that relied on flowing water that is now largely stored behind a cement wall deep in the Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Davis’ Sandoval Solis said the building of the reservoir, while good for many people in the Bay Area, has devastated riparian freshwater ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The environment has been compromised already for 100 years,” said Sandoval Solis. “The centennial also marks the centennial of the compromise of the environment or the sacrifice of the environment, and some of the native communities displaced for the sake of the well-being of people living in San Francisco.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hetch Hetchy is the ancient homeland of as many as a dozen Indigenous peoples; across Yosemite many were forcibly removed or killed in the mid-1800s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982585\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64931_019_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A sweeping panorama photograph shows a massive lake reflecting the shapes of steep rounded granite peaks rising above it, with alpine forest also visible\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982585\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64931_019_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64931_019_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64931_019_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64931_019_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64931_019_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/RS64931_019_KQED_HetchHetchyCentennial_05022023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Hetch Hetchy Valley has been inundated with water since the construction of the O’Shaughnessy Dam 100 years ago. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Damming rivers across the Sierra Nevada, like the Tuolumne River at Hetch Hetchy, have ramifications on the river systems that unite in the San Joaquin River, flow into the San Joaquin-Sacramento Delta and push into the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The large amounts of freshwater that once flowed helped mix natural algae into the salty water. Still, lesser flows into the bay mean the algae sits on top of the water, creating the perfect habitat for toxic algae blooms. Olivia Yip, an associate professor at San Jose State University who studied algae blooms, said the last outbreak that killed thousands of fish was partly due to decreased freshwater flows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Imagine a little algae floating around in the bay,” said Yip. “If there’s more mixing, then it’s less likely that it can just sit there on the top and grow like crazy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The future of the system must include equitable use of water, say advocates\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Hetch Hetchy pipeline runs through communities that need clean drinking water themselves in the Central Valley and the Bay Area. UC Davis’ Sandoval Solis said access to clean drinking water should “not be a luxury because it is a human right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The pipes are passing through the middle of their communities, but they cannot use it,” he said. “I don’t think there should be a problem with providing clean water to disadvantaged communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around two-thirds of the pure Hetch Hetchy water in the Bay Area is used outside San Francisco’s bounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Coverage ","tag":"climate-change"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The pipeline travels across the Dumbarton Bridge and emerges right next to the community of East Palo Alto, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.ci.east-palo-alto.ca.us/publicworks/page/utilities\">gets around 80% of its water from the source\u003c/a>. The other 20% comes from local sources, and residents question its purity, said Miriam Yupanqui, executive director of the local advocacy group Nuestra Casa de East Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yupanqui dreams of the day when 100% of the water for this town of more than 90% people of color is pure piped in mountain fresh. She said many of the more than 15,000 residents her agency represents want all of the city’s water sourced from Hetch Hetchy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our community members want quality water,” she said. “They want to feel comfortable drinking the water. Many of our community members feel that our neighbors in Palo Alto and Menlo Park are not receiving second-rate water. So why should they?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palo Alto and Menlo Park receive all of their water from the SFPUC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, groups like Climate Resilient Communities in East Palo Alto are working to provide hyper-local water sources, like cisterns connected to gutters to catch rainwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a practice that should be used here with the uncertainties of rainfall patterns and extreme events,” said Violet Wulf-Saena, founder and executive director of the nonprofit. “Every home should have a water tank to capture and hold the water that will reduce not only the flooding but also help conserve and use it when there are droughts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to have any real impact on water conservation, reducing flooding risk and increasing water supply, Wulf-Saena said they “need thousands of rain gardens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1982551/celebration-and-concern-hetch-hetchy-reservoir-turns-100-but-climate-change-complicates-its-future","authors":["11746"],"categories":["science_35","science_40","science_4450","science_98"],"tags":["science_1195","science_4417","science_248","science_2828","science_2078","science_2830","science_448","science_201","science_159"],"featImg":"science_1982570","label":"source_science_1982551"},"science_1929999":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1929999","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1929999","score":null,"sort":[1534748514000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"san-francisco-is-fighting-californias-plan-to-save-salmon-wait-what","title":"San Francisco Is Fighting California’s Plan to Save Salmon. Wait. What?","publishDate":1534748514,"format":"standard","headTitle":"San Francisco Is Fighting California’s Plan to Save Salmon. Wait. What? | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>California water officials are poised to approve a revolutionary plan that could redefine the way water is allocated.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s a big deal and trying to fix it is not for the faint of heart.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Felicia Marcus, State Water Resources Control Board\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>At stake are the state’s oldest water rights, known as “senior rights,” which have long been seen as untouchable, and that includes San Francisco’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a century, San Francisco has enjoyed a pristine source of water, dodging the shortages others have faced during California’s chronic water wars. Now, as key rivers continue a downward ecological spiral, the city is being pulled into the fray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state plan has sparked a fierce debate. Environmental groups say it doesn’t go far enough to save imperiled salmon. San Francisco doesn’t agree and it’s allied itself with some unexpected bedfellows: conservative agricultural districts in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might be surprising for San Francisco, known for its a solar-powered, food-composting climate-friendly reputation. Yet when it comes to water, some say the city is lagging behind others that are on the leading edge of reusing and recycling their supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Separate Piece\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like most California cities, San Francisco gets the majority of its from far beyond its borders; in this case, it’s 150 miles away in Yosemite National Park. That’s where Hetch Hetchy Reservoir traps snowmelt that feeds the Tuolumne River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From there, the water \u003ca href=\"https://sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=355\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flows through a chain of reservoirs\u003c/a> and pipelines that carry it directly to San Francisco. It also supplies much of the Bay Area. About 2.7 million people from Alameda County to Silicon Valley rely on it as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s right to the water goes back to 1901, when leaders in the booming city were desperately searching for a new supply. As the story goes, the claim was tacked to an 8-inch diameter oak tree on a riverbank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1930074\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1930074\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/tuolumne-usgs-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/tuolumne-usgs-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/tuolumne-usgs-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/tuolumne-usgs-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/tuolumne-usgs-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/tuolumne-usgs-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/tuolumne-usgs-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/tuolumne-usgs-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/tuolumne-usgs-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/tuolumne-usgs-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/tuolumne-usgs-520x293.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/tuolumne-usgs.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flows on the Tuolumne River in 1912. \u003ccite>(J.G. Spaack, USGS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“When you filed for water rights, you basically had to post a notice where you proposed to divert water from,” explains Steve Ritchie, assistant general manager at the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, “which in effect was filing a piece of paper to a tree that was hanging over the Tuolumne River.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following its natural course, water in the Tuolumne flows into the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, the great nexus of California’s supply and the trenches of the fiercest battles over water. By sinking a straw into the Tuolumne to take out water far upstream of the Delta, San Francisco has avoided those fights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco has been able to stay out of the water wars because the San Francisco system is separate from other systems,” says Ritchie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Wars Flow Uphill\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the ecological crisis in the Delta has gotten so bad, the water wars are reaching all the way upstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before it gets to the Delta, the Tuolumne joins up with the San Joaquin, a major river that often runs completely dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In some years, up to 90 percent of the water is taken out of the river by humans,” says Jon Rosenfield, a biologist with the Bay Institute, an environmental group. “Once the river loses that much, it’s not really functioning like a river anymore. The salmon fishery has plummeted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chinook salmon, the species that fishermen catch in the Pacific Ocean, must return to California’s rivers to reproduce and lay their eggs. In 1984, about 70,000 Chinook returned to the San Joaquin River basin. By 2014, it was down to 8,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_914724\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-914724\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/SJR2-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/SJR2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/SJR2-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/SJR2-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/SJR2-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/SJR2.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/SJR2-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/SJR2-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dry channel of the San Joaquin River in 2014. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California is required by federal law to regulate water quality in the Delta. \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/bay_delta/bay_delta_plan/water_quality_control_planning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Bay-Delta Water Quality Control Plan\u003c/a>, as it’s known, was last updated more than 20 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the State Water Resources Control Board has put together a new plan that attempts to balance both the health of the environment and the needs of farms and cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big deal and trying to fix it is not for the faint of heart,” says Felicia Marcus, chair of the water board. “We’re simply bound to rebalance a system that has had too much water removed from it for it to survive as a healthy ecosystem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan marks a new approach to how the Delta would be managed. Traditionally, protecting water quality and endangered species there has fallen to a few water users that have major pumping infrastructure in the Delta. They’re the ones who’ve faced cutbacks when water quality has degraded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 2009, California lawmakers passed legislation requiring agencies to look at upstream river flows or “flow criteria.” It’s a more holistic approach, looking at the entire watershed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is really a now-or-never moment,” says Rosenfield. “This proposal is the single most important event in California water in a generation. And it will take a generation to correct any mistakes that are made now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/bay_delta/deltaflow/docs/final_rpt080310.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scientific report\u003c/a> that followed passage of the law, recommended restoring a natural springtime surge of water to help both the San Joaquin River and the Delta ecosystem. On the San Joaquin, the report concluded that the ecosystem needs 60 percent of “unimpaired flow,” meaning the flow that would naturally go down the river if humans weren’t siphoning off water along the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state water board considered that number, but also is charged with balancing it with the needs of farms and cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The issue isn’t about choosing one over the other,” says Marcus. “It’s about sharing the river as thoughtfully as we can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1930078\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/DeltaAnimation_01_160815.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"791\" height=\"522\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/DeltaAnimation_01_160815.jpg 791w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/DeltaAnimation_01_160815-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/DeltaAnimation_01_160815-768x507.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/DeltaAnimation_01_160815-240x158.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/DeltaAnimation_01_160815-375x247.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/DeltaAnimation_01_160815-520x343.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 791px) 100vw, 791px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a final draft plan released this year, the water board proposed returning 40 percent of the unimpaired flow to the San Joaquin and three of its tributaries: the Tuolumne, Stanislaus and Merced Rivers. The flows could fluctuate within a flexible range of 30 to 50 percent. Currently, flows range from 21 to 40 percent on average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The numbers disappointed environmental groups, which argued the science supported higher flow in the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thirty to 50 percent of unimpaired flow is not going to address the problems the board is required to address,” says Rosenfield. “State and federal policy is not just to keep salmon from going extinct, but actually to restore them to benefit all of us and the commercial fishery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also disappointed the water districts faced with giving up some of their water, including San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bottom Feeders\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an aggressive stance to take because it means a lot of water,” says SFPUC’s Steve Ritchie. “It’s a big deal for the Bay Area, not the just the city and county of San Francisco.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with its senior water rights, San Francisco has found itself, for the first time, at the bottom of the food chain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the Tuolumne River, the two other major water users, the Turlock Irrigation District and the Merced Irrigation District, have even earlier water rights, making them more senior. In California, the doctrine is generally “first in time, first in right,” so San Francisco would be facing cutbacks before those rural districts do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”vFeAvG9iemwhdcApFXA9HCYCL4l6E5NH”]In wet years, there would be plenty of water. But with the Bay Area growing, SFPUC predicts the cuts would mean rationing during droughts and billions of dollars of economic impact, though state board staff have challenged those numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We might have to, in the second year of a drought, go to 30 or 40 percent rationing and get to 50 percent in the fourth or fifth year,” says Ritchie. “All of a sudden, you’re having to save a lot more water really fast to know you have enough to get to the end of a drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the last drought, SFPUC’s customers conserved about 13 percent compared to pre-drought water use. Ritchie says to get deeper cuts, commercial and industrial customers would have to cut back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Finding New Water\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As SFPUC and other water districts filed increasingly alarmed comments on the proposed plan, the state board had a response: Get creative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water users can adapt by switching crops, become more efficient, and putting more water away in wet or normal times for the inevitable dry times,” says Marcus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s been common in some Southern California cities, which have led the way in water recycling, conservation and capturing storm water runoff for reuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco has been a bit late to the party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you just look at their recycled water numbers, they’re pretty low,” says Heather Cooley of the Pacific Institute, a water policy think tank. “They certainly could do more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, SFPUC broke ground on its first water recycling project. The \u003ca href=\"https://sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=144\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Westside Enhanced Water Recycling Project\u003c/a> will clean up wastewater and use it to irrigate Golden Gate Park and local golf courses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other cities have already taken water recycling to the next level. Orange County and San Jose treat some of their wastewater to drinking water quality so it can be added back to the area’s water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ritchie says SFPUC is in very early conversations for a similar project, but they take time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re being as progressive as we can,” says Ritchie. “We’re looking at taking wastewater from the Peninsula, treating it to a high level and put it in Crystal Springs reservoir, and blend it there into our local Bay Area supplies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1930082\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1930082\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/sfpuc-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/sfpuc-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/sfpuc-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/sfpuc-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/sfpuc-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/sfpuc-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/sfpuc-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/sfpuc-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/sfpuc-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/sfpuc-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/sfpuc-520x293.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/sfpuc.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">SFPUC’s new water recycling project under construction. \u003ccite>(San Francisco Public Utilities Commission)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today, San Francisco residents use less water than average Californians do, thanks to a cool climate and the city’s lack of expansive lawns. Other parts of the Bay Area that use SFPUC’s water have higher water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco certainly trails behind Los Angeles in terms of its efforts to conserve water,” says Rosenfield. “Los Angeles has grown its population by over a million people and reduced its total water demand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, San Francisco has a groundbreaking water efficiency policy, passed in 2012. New buildings of 250,000 square feet or more must have “\u003ca href=\"https://sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=686\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on-site reuse systems\u003c/a>,” which could include recycling potable water and using it a second time to flush toilets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re the first city in California that has done that,” says Cooley. “It’s an innovative strategy for leveraging private investment in recycled water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If SFPUC does face cutbacks during a drought, the agency could buy water from farmers who would in turn fallow their land, a strategy known as “water transfers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ritchie says SFPUC tried it during the last drought, but was unsuccessful in finding farmers willing to sell. Several other California water districts were able complete water transfer deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a long-term drought, the SFPUC could buy water from an irrigation district at a price that would compensate farmers, laborers, processors and distributors for what they would have made — but without having to do any work, and at a price lower than what the SFPUC charges its wholesale customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Peter Drekmeier of the Tuolumne River Trust, “That’s a pretty sweet incentive for irrigation districts to sell water to the Bay Area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Road to Compromise\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the nearly inevitable course of water battles in California, the water board’s plan is likely headed to court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked whether San Francisco will be in line at the courthouse steps if the plan is formally adopted, Ritchie doesn’t shrink from the question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, that’s a very real possibility because the consequences are so great,” he replies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To avoid that, the water board has repeatedly asked for a deal to be struck. Water users, including SFPUC, could come up with a different plan that includes strategies to help salmon and other fish, like restoring floodplain habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite several years of negotiations, a deal still isn’t on the table. SFPUC has argued that the “unimpaired flow” approach — leaving more water in the Tuolumne River — isn’t necessary and that restoration and other projects should be enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials and biologists, so far, haven’t agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Habitat restoration alone is not going to cut it,” says Rosenfield. “In order for restored habitat to work, there needs to be enough water for fish to use that habitat and migrate out of the river.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state water board delayed its final vote on the plan and will be taking more comments on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whichever way it goes, it could be a wake-up call for San Francisco, which is now facing the same water-strapped realities as the rest of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The future is challenging no matter what happens,” Ritchie says.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"It's been called 'the single most important event in California water in a generation.' It might also be among the least popular.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927558,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":69,"wordCount":2250},"headData":{"title":"San Francisco Is Fighting California’s Plan to Save Salmon. Wait. What? | KQED","description":"It's been called 'the single most important event in California water in a generation.' It might also be among the least popular.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"San Francisco Is Fighting California’s Plan to Save Salmon. Wait. What?","datePublished":"2018-08-20T07:01:54.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T22:59:18.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Water","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1929999/san-francisco-is-fighting-californias-plan-to-save-salmon-wait-what","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California water officials are poised to approve a revolutionary plan that could redefine the way water is allocated.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s a big deal and trying to fix it is not for the faint of heart.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Felicia Marcus, State Water Resources Control Board\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>At stake are the state’s oldest water rights, known as “senior rights,” which have long been seen as untouchable, and that includes San Francisco’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a century, San Francisco has enjoyed a pristine source of water, dodging the shortages others have faced during California’s chronic water wars. Now, as key rivers continue a downward ecological spiral, the city is being pulled into the fray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state plan has sparked a fierce debate. Environmental groups say it doesn’t go far enough to save imperiled salmon. San Francisco doesn’t agree and it’s allied itself with some unexpected bedfellows: conservative agricultural districts in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might be surprising for San Francisco, known for its a solar-powered, food-composting climate-friendly reputation. Yet when it comes to water, some say the city is lagging behind others that are on the leading edge of reusing and recycling their supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Separate Piece\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like most California cities, San Francisco gets the majority of its from far beyond its borders; in this case, it’s 150 miles away in Yosemite National Park. That’s where Hetch Hetchy Reservoir traps snowmelt that feeds the Tuolumne River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From there, the water \u003ca href=\"https://sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=355\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flows through a chain of reservoirs\u003c/a> and pipelines that carry it directly to San Francisco. It also supplies much of the Bay Area. About 2.7 million people from Alameda County to Silicon Valley rely on it as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s right to the water goes back to 1901, when leaders in the booming city were desperately searching for a new supply. As the story goes, the claim was tacked to an 8-inch diameter oak tree on a riverbank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1930074\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1930074\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/tuolumne-usgs-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/tuolumne-usgs-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/tuolumne-usgs-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/tuolumne-usgs-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/tuolumne-usgs-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/tuolumne-usgs-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/tuolumne-usgs-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/tuolumne-usgs-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/tuolumne-usgs-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/tuolumne-usgs-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/tuolumne-usgs-520x293.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/tuolumne-usgs.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flows on the Tuolumne River in 1912. \u003ccite>(J.G. Spaack, USGS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“When you filed for water rights, you basically had to post a notice where you proposed to divert water from,” explains Steve Ritchie, assistant general manager at the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, “which in effect was filing a piece of paper to a tree that was hanging over the Tuolumne River.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following its natural course, water in the Tuolumne flows into the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, the great nexus of California’s supply and the trenches of the fiercest battles over water. By sinking a straw into the Tuolumne to take out water far upstream of the Delta, San Francisco has avoided those fights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco has been able to stay out of the water wars because the San Francisco system is separate from other systems,” says Ritchie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Wars Flow Uphill\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the ecological crisis in the Delta has gotten so bad, the water wars are reaching all the way upstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before it gets to the Delta, the Tuolumne joins up with the San Joaquin, a major river that often runs completely dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In some years, up to 90 percent of the water is taken out of the river by humans,” says Jon Rosenfield, a biologist with the Bay Institute, an environmental group. “Once the river loses that much, it’s not really functioning like a river anymore. The salmon fishery has plummeted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chinook salmon, the species that fishermen catch in the Pacific Ocean, must return to California’s rivers to reproduce and lay their eggs. In 1984, about 70,000 Chinook returned to the San Joaquin River basin. By 2014, it was down to 8,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_914724\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-914724\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/SJR2-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/SJR2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/SJR2-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/SJR2-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/SJR2-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/SJR2.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/SJR2-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/SJR2-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dry channel of the San Joaquin River in 2014. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California is required by federal law to regulate water quality in the Delta. \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/bay_delta/bay_delta_plan/water_quality_control_planning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Bay-Delta Water Quality Control Plan\u003c/a>, as it’s known, was last updated more than 20 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the State Water Resources Control Board has put together a new plan that attempts to balance both the health of the environment and the needs of farms and cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big deal and trying to fix it is not for the faint of heart,” says Felicia Marcus, chair of the water board. “We’re simply bound to rebalance a system that has had too much water removed from it for it to survive as a healthy ecosystem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan marks a new approach to how the Delta would be managed. Traditionally, protecting water quality and endangered species there has fallen to a few water users that have major pumping infrastructure in the Delta. They’re the ones who’ve faced cutbacks when water quality has degraded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 2009, California lawmakers passed legislation requiring agencies to look at upstream river flows or “flow criteria.” It’s a more holistic approach, looking at the entire watershed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is really a now-or-never moment,” says Rosenfield. “This proposal is the single most important event in California water in a generation. And it will take a generation to correct any mistakes that are made now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/bay_delta/deltaflow/docs/final_rpt080310.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scientific report\u003c/a> that followed passage of the law, recommended restoring a natural springtime surge of water to help both the San Joaquin River and the Delta ecosystem. On the San Joaquin, the report concluded that the ecosystem needs 60 percent of “unimpaired flow,” meaning the flow that would naturally go down the river if humans weren’t siphoning off water along the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state water board considered that number, but also is charged with balancing it with the needs of farms and cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The issue isn’t about choosing one over the other,” says Marcus. “It’s about sharing the river as thoughtfully as we can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1930078\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/DeltaAnimation_01_160815.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"791\" height=\"522\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/DeltaAnimation_01_160815.jpg 791w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/DeltaAnimation_01_160815-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/DeltaAnimation_01_160815-768x507.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/DeltaAnimation_01_160815-240x158.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/DeltaAnimation_01_160815-375x247.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/DeltaAnimation_01_160815-520x343.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 791px) 100vw, 791px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a final draft plan released this year, the water board proposed returning 40 percent of the unimpaired flow to the San Joaquin and three of its tributaries: the Tuolumne, Stanislaus and Merced Rivers. The flows could fluctuate within a flexible range of 30 to 50 percent. Currently, flows range from 21 to 40 percent on average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The numbers disappointed environmental groups, which argued the science supported higher flow in the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thirty to 50 percent of unimpaired flow is not going to address the problems the board is required to address,” says Rosenfield. “State and federal policy is not just to keep salmon from going extinct, but actually to restore them to benefit all of us and the commercial fishery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also disappointed the water districts faced with giving up some of their water, including San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bottom Feeders\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an aggressive stance to take because it means a lot of water,” says SFPUC’s Steve Ritchie. “It’s a big deal for the Bay Area, not the just the city and county of San Francisco.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with its senior water rights, San Francisco has found itself, for the first time, at the bottom of the food chain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the Tuolumne River, the two other major water users, the Turlock Irrigation District and the Merced Irrigation District, have even earlier water rights, making them more senior. In California, the doctrine is generally “first in time, first in right,” so San Francisco would be facing cutbacks before those rural districts do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>In wet years, there would be plenty of water. But with the Bay Area growing, SFPUC predicts the cuts would mean rationing during droughts and billions of dollars of economic impact, though state board staff have challenged those numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We might have to, in the second year of a drought, go to 30 or 40 percent rationing and get to 50 percent in the fourth or fifth year,” says Ritchie. “All of a sudden, you’re having to save a lot more water really fast to know you have enough to get to the end of a drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the last drought, SFPUC’s customers conserved about 13 percent compared to pre-drought water use. Ritchie says to get deeper cuts, commercial and industrial customers would have to cut back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Finding New Water\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As SFPUC and other water districts filed increasingly alarmed comments on the proposed plan, the state board had a response: Get creative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water users can adapt by switching crops, become more efficient, and putting more water away in wet or normal times for the inevitable dry times,” says Marcus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s been common in some Southern California cities, which have led the way in water recycling, conservation and capturing storm water runoff for reuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco has been a bit late to the party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you just look at their recycled water numbers, they’re pretty low,” says Heather Cooley of the Pacific Institute, a water policy think tank. “They certainly could do more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, SFPUC broke ground on its first water recycling project. The \u003ca href=\"https://sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=144\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Westside Enhanced Water Recycling Project\u003c/a> will clean up wastewater and use it to irrigate Golden Gate Park and local golf courses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other cities have already taken water recycling to the next level. Orange County and San Jose treat some of their wastewater to drinking water quality so it can be added back to the area’s water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ritchie says SFPUC is in very early conversations for a similar project, but they take time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re being as progressive as we can,” says Ritchie. “We’re looking at taking wastewater from the Peninsula, treating it to a high level and put it in Crystal Springs reservoir, and blend it there into our local Bay Area supplies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1930082\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1930082\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/sfpuc-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/sfpuc-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/sfpuc-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/sfpuc-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/sfpuc-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/sfpuc-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/sfpuc-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/sfpuc-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/sfpuc-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/sfpuc-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/sfpuc-520x293.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/sfpuc.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">SFPUC’s new water recycling project under construction. \u003ccite>(San Francisco Public Utilities Commission)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today, San Francisco residents use less water than average Californians do, thanks to a cool climate and the city’s lack of expansive lawns. Other parts of the Bay Area that use SFPUC’s water have higher water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco certainly trails behind Los Angeles in terms of its efforts to conserve water,” says Rosenfield. “Los Angeles has grown its population by over a million people and reduced its total water demand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, San Francisco has a groundbreaking water efficiency policy, passed in 2012. New buildings of 250,000 square feet or more must have “\u003ca href=\"https://sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=686\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on-site reuse systems\u003c/a>,” which could include recycling potable water and using it a second time to flush toilets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re the first city in California that has done that,” says Cooley. “It’s an innovative strategy for leveraging private investment in recycled water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If SFPUC does face cutbacks during a drought, the agency could buy water from farmers who would in turn fallow their land, a strategy known as “water transfers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ritchie says SFPUC tried it during the last drought, but was unsuccessful in finding farmers willing to sell. Several other California water districts were able complete water transfer deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a long-term drought, the SFPUC could buy water from an irrigation district at a price that would compensate farmers, laborers, processors and distributors for what they would have made — but without having to do any work, and at a price lower than what the SFPUC charges its wholesale customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Peter Drekmeier of the Tuolumne River Trust, “That’s a pretty sweet incentive for irrigation districts to sell water to the Bay Area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Road to Compromise\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the nearly inevitable course of water battles in California, the water board’s plan is likely headed to court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked whether San Francisco will be in line at the courthouse steps if the plan is formally adopted, Ritchie doesn’t shrink from the question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, that’s a very real possibility because the consequences are so great,” he replies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To avoid that, the water board has repeatedly asked for a deal to be struck. Water users, including SFPUC, could come up with a different plan that includes strategies to help salmon and other fish, like restoring floodplain habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite several years of negotiations, a deal still isn’t on the table. SFPUC has argued that the “unimpaired flow” approach — leaving more water in the Tuolumne River — isn’t necessary and that restoration and other projects should be enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials and biologists, so far, haven’t agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Habitat restoration alone is not going to cut it,” says Rosenfield. “In order for restored habitat to work, there needs to be enough water for fish to use that habitat and migrate out of the river.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state water board delayed its final vote on the plan and will be taking more comments on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whichever way it goes, it could be a wake-up call for San Francisco, which is now facing the same water-strapped realities as the rest of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The future is challenging no matter what happens,” Ritchie says.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1929999/san-francisco-is-fighting-californias-plan-to-save-salmon-wait-what","authors":["239"],"categories":["science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_202","science_572","science_3370","science_2078","science_247","science_201"],"featImg":"science_1930006","label":"source_science_1929999"},"science_1924535":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1924535","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1924535","score":null,"sort":[1527702197000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"campaign-to-take-hetch-hetchy-from-san-francisco-has-failed-for-nearly-100-years-but-its-still-going","title":"Century-Old Campaign to Take Hetch Hetchy from San Francisco Still Going","publishDate":1527702197,"format":"image","headTitle":"Century-Old Campaign to Take Hetch Hetchy from San Francisco Still Going | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>A century-old fight over a dam in Yosemite National Park is headed to a California appeals court on May 30. [contextly_sidebar id=”5DPGcSxqw2Crz7mSjetsijfYRK4XIqAS”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The campaign to restore the once lush Hetch Hetchy Valley is among the country’s oldest environmental debates, widely credited with giving birth to environmental activism in this country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some environmentalists, the dam is an abomination, desecrating the valley’s natural beauty and wildlife, submerging it under 300 feet of water. San Francisco officials say the dam serves as a crucial water supply to millions of people in the San Francisco Bay area. U.S. Senator Dianne Feinstein, the former mayor of San Francisco, has \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/1987-08-07/news/mn-1121_1_hetch-hetchy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">called the\u003c/a> reservoir the city’s “birthright” and slammed efforts to remove it as “dumb, dumb, dumb.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit, filed by nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.hetchhetchy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Restore Hetch Hetchy,\u003c/a> will be heard in the 5th District Court of Appeal in Fresno. The group says the dam \u003ca href=\"https://www.hetchhetchy.org/legal_campaign_update\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has been rendered obsolete\u003c/a> by newer reservoirs and water treatment technologies. The dam, they argue, violates California’s Constitutional law regulating water distribution, which prohibits any “unreasonable method of diversion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The Birth of a Campaign\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1914, Congress authorized the city of San Francisco to construct the dam along the Tuolumne River in Yosemite National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local legend has it that shortly after Congress approved the plan, Sierra Club co-founder John Muir \u003ca href=\"http://vault.sierraclub.org/ca/hetchhetchy/hetch_hetchy_task_force.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">died of a broken heart\u003c/a> on Christmas Eve in 1914. Muir, in his 70s at the time, was a vociferous critic of the damn’s construction and\u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=F2ewWxxwn50C&pg=PA280&lpg=PA280&dq=The+San+Francisco+Chronicle+described+opponents+of+the+dam+as+%E2%80%9Choggish+and+mushy+esthetes.%E2%80%9D&source=bl&ots=D9Ef9c4q02&sig=J_mBk3TT0t56a584132KdA6y7fE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjH6bSU66HbAhWbIDQIHekSDksQ6AEIPTAC#v=onepage&q=hoggi&f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> once said\u003c/a>, “I’ll be relieved when it’s settled, for it’s killing me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924556\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1924556\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-800x577.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"577\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-800x577.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-768x554.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-1020x736.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-1200x866.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-1920x1385.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-1180x851.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-960x693.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-240x173.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-375x271.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-520x375.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A painting of the former Hetch Hetchy Valley by artist Albert Bierstadt. \u003ccite>(Museum of Fine Arts/Public Domain)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Muir led the national campaign against the dam’s construction and \u003ca href=\"https://nature.berkeley.edu/departments/espm/env-hist/espm160/assignments/hetch_hetchy/hetch_qts.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criticized\u003c/a> the pro-dam camp as “temple destroyers, devotees of ravaging commercialism.” San Francisco publications returned the favor, with at least one newspaper \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/elist/eListRead/a_century_later_the_battle_for_hetch_hetchy_continues/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">referring\u003c/a> to Muir and his supporters as “hoggish and mushy esthetes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the decades since, the battle to drain the reservoir has ebbed and flowed, gaining traction again in recent years due to political developments and media coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2004, former Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger asked the state’s Department of Water Resources to examine the issue, ultimately finding that an alternative is \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/pubs/environment/hetch_hetchy_restoration_study/hetch_hetchy_restoration_study_report.pdf\">feasible, but potentially costly\u003c/a>. Also that year, the Sacramento Bee \u003ca href=\"http://www.pulitzer.org/winners/tom-philp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published a series\u003c/a> of Pulitizer-winning articles that helped to revive the debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012 a San Francisco ballot initiative to conduct a study of the potential implications of dam removal was defeated.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"One of the country's oldest environmental controversies is headed to a California appeals court this May 30.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927868,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":461},"headData":{"title":"Century-Old Campaign to Take Hetch Hetchy from San Francisco Still Going | KQED","description":"One of the country's oldest environmental controversies is headed to a California appeals court this May 30.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Century-Old Campaign to Take Hetch Hetchy from San Francisco Still Going","datePublished":"2018-05-30T17:43:17.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:04:28.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Water","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1924535/campaign-to-take-hetch-hetchy-from-san-francisco-has-failed-for-nearly-100-years-but-its-still-going","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A century-old fight over a dam in Yosemite National Park is headed to a California appeals court on May 30. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The campaign to restore the once lush Hetch Hetchy Valley is among the country’s oldest environmental debates, widely credited with giving birth to environmental activism in this country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some environmentalists, the dam is an abomination, desecrating the valley’s natural beauty and wildlife, submerging it under 300 feet of water. San Francisco officials say the dam serves as a crucial water supply to millions of people in the San Francisco Bay area. U.S. Senator Dianne Feinstein, the former mayor of San Francisco, has \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/1987-08-07/news/mn-1121_1_hetch-hetchy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">called the\u003c/a> reservoir the city’s “birthright” and slammed efforts to remove it as “dumb, dumb, dumb.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit, filed by nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.hetchhetchy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Restore Hetch Hetchy,\u003c/a> will be heard in the 5th District Court of Appeal in Fresno. The group says the dam \u003ca href=\"https://www.hetchhetchy.org/legal_campaign_update\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has been rendered obsolete\u003c/a> by newer reservoirs and water treatment technologies. The dam, they argue, violates California’s Constitutional law regulating water distribution, which prohibits any “unreasonable method of diversion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The Birth of a Campaign\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1914, Congress authorized the city of San Francisco to construct the dam along the Tuolumne River in Yosemite National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local legend has it that shortly after Congress approved the plan, Sierra Club co-founder John Muir \u003ca href=\"http://vault.sierraclub.org/ca/hetchhetchy/hetch_hetchy_task_force.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">died of a broken heart\u003c/a> on Christmas Eve in 1914. Muir, in his 70s at the time, was a vociferous critic of the damn’s construction and\u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=F2ewWxxwn50C&pg=PA280&lpg=PA280&dq=The+San+Francisco+Chronicle+described+opponents+of+the+dam+as+%E2%80%9Choggish+and+mushy+esthetes.%E2%80%9D&source=bl&ots=D9Ef9c4q02&sig=J_mBk3TT0t56a584132KdA6y7fE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjH6bSU66HbAhWbIDQIHekSDksQ6AEIPTAC#v=onepage&q=hoggi&f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> once said\u003c/a>, “I’ll be relieved when it’s settled, for it’s killing me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924556\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1924556\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-800x577.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"577\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-800x577.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-768x554.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-1020x736.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-1200x866.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-1920x1385.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-1180x851.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-960x693.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-240x173.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-375x271.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-520x375.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A painting of the former Hetch Hetchy Valley by artist Albert Bierstadt. \u003ccite>(Museum of Fine Arts/Public Domain)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Muir led the national campaign against the dam’s construction and \u003ca href=\"https://nature.berkeley.edu/departments/espm/env-hist/espm160/assignments/hetch_hetchy/hetch_qts.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criticized\u003c/a> the pro-dam camp as “temple destroyers, devotees of ravaging commercialism.” San Francisco publications returned the favor, with at least one newspaper \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/elist/eListRead/a_century_later_the_battle_for_hetch_hetchy_continues/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">referring\u003c/a> to Muir and his supporters as “hoggish and mushy esthetes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the decades since, the battle to drain the reservoir has ebbed and flowed, gaining traction again in recent years due to political developments and media coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2004, former Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger asked the state’s Department of Water Resources to examine the issue, ultimately finding that an alternative is \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/pubs/environment/hetch_hetchy_restoration_study/hetch_hetchy_restoration_study_report.pdf\">feasible, but potentially costly\u003c/a>. Also that year, the Sacramento Bee \u003ca href=\"http://www.pulitzer.org/winners/tom-philp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published a series\u003c/a> of Pulitizer-winning articles that helped to revive the debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012 a San Francisco ballot initiative to conduct a study of the potential implications of dam removal was defeated.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1924535/campaign-to-take-hetch-hetchy-from-san-francisco-has-failed-for-nearly-100-years-but-its-still-going","authors":["11428"],"categories":["science_89","science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_572","science_2078","science_5183","science_201"],"featImg":"science_1924555","label":"source_science_1924535"},"science_78194":{"type":"posts","id":"science_78194","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"78194","score":null,"sort":[1435368143000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"san-francisco-ordered-to-stop-using-century-old-water-rights","title":"San Francisco Ordered to Stop Using Century-Old Water Rights","publishDate":1435368143,"format":"standard","headTitle":"San Francisco Ordered to Stop Using Century-Old Water Rights | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1151,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>State water managers have ordered the city of San Francisco to stop taking water from the Tuolumne River, restricting some of the city’s senior water rights. The orders are part of a larger effort by the state to limit water use from thousands of water rights holders, in order to manage dwindling supplies during the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s an historic moment for San Francisco, whose \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/05/11/how-californias-water-rights-make-it-tough-to-manage-drought/\">early water rights \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/03/02/a-new-stronger-tunnel-to-bring-hetch-hetchy-water-to-bay-area/\">exclusive water system\u003c/a> has kept the city out of the water battles that have plagued most of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city says it may choose to fight the cuts and take legal action, as other senior water rights holders \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/06/15/court-battles-loom-over-challenge-to-state-water-rights/\">have recently done\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s Hetch Hetchy system stretches more than 100 miles into the high Sierra Nevada, where pristine water is captured from the Tuolumne River in the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir, \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/century-old-battle-over-yosemites-second-valley-heats-up/\">built inside Yosemite National Park\u003c/a>. It serves \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/02/28/bay-area-do-you-know-where-your-water-comes-from/\">more than a million residents\u003c/a> in San Francisco and other water districts on the Peninsula and the South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\n“We’ll be taking the appropriate action to protect our water rights.”\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Steve Ritchie, San Francisco Public Utilities Commission\u003c/cite>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Hetch Hetchy water users aren’t expected to see any short term impacts, because the reservoir is fuller than most others in California, and the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission can continue to draw on that water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our reservoir was as full as it was going to get already,” said Steve Ritchie, assistant general manager for water for the SFPUC. “We have plenty of water in storage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFPUC is still waiting to see the order from the State Water Resources Control Board to gauge the volume of water affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bigger issue for us is not the practical effect of curtailment, but the legality and precedence issues represented by it,” said Ritchie. “We may choose to file legal action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several lawsuits have already been filed by senior water rights holders who are\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/06/15/court-battles-loom-over-challenge-to-state-water-rights/\"> challenging the state water board’s authority\u003c/a> to cut their rights. Questions have been raised about whether the orders are actual “cease and desist” orders that must be followed, or are simply advisories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city has several more water rights going back to 1901 that have not been curtailed, but could be in coming weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As supplies continue to decline through the summer, it is expected that more senior rights will be impacted by limited water availability,” the State Water Resources Control Board said in its release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll be taking the appropriate action to protect our water rights,” Ritchie said.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The city says it may take legal action to stop the cuts to its historic senior water rights.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704931646,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":446},"headData":{"title":"San Francisco Ordered to Stop Using Century-Old Water Rights | KQED","description":"The city says it may take legal action to stop the cuts to its historic senior water rights.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"San Francisco Ordered to Stop Using Century-Old Water Rights","datePublished":"2015-06-27T01:22:23.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-11T00:07:26.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/78194/san-francisco-ordered-to-stop-using-century-old-water-rights","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>State water managers have ordered the city of San Francisco to stop taking water from the Tuolumne River, restricting some of the city’s senior water rights. The orders are part of a larger effort by the state to limit water use from thousands of water rights holders, in order to manage dwindling supplies during the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s an historic moment for San Francisco, whose \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/05/11/how-californias-water-rights-make-it-tough-to-manage-drought/\">early water rights \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/03/02/a-new-stronger-tunnel-to-bring-hetch-hetchy-water-to-bay-area/\">exclusive water system\u003c/a> has kept the city out of the water battles that have plagued most of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city says it may choose to fight the cuts and take legal action, as other senior water rights holders \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/06/15/court-battles-loom-over-challenge-to-state-water-rights/\">have recently done\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s Hetch Hetchy system stretches more than 100 miles into the high Sierra Nevada, where pristine water is captured from the Tuolumne River in the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir, \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/century-old-battle-over-yosemites-second-valley-heats-up/\">built inside Yosemite National Park\u003c/a>. It serves \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/02/28/bay-area-do-you-know-where-your-water-comes-from/\">more than a million residents\u003c/a> in San Francisco and other water districts on the Peninsula and the South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\n“We’ll be taking the appropriate action to protect our water rights.”\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Steve Ritchie, San Francisco Public Utilities Commission\u003c/cite>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Hetch Hetchy water users aren’t expected to see any short term impacts, because the reservoir is fuller than most others in California, and the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission can continue to draw on that water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our reservoir was as full as it was going to get already,” said Steve Ritchie, assistant general manager for water for the SFPUC. “We have plenty of water in storage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFPUC is still waiting to see the order from the State Water Resources Control Board to gauge the volume of water affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bigger issue for us is not the practical effect of curtailment, but the legality and precedence issues represented by it,” said Ritchie. “We may choose to file legal action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several lawsuits have already been filed by senior water rights holders who are\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/06/15/court-battles-loom-over-challenge-to-state-water-rights/\"> challenging the state water board’s authority\u003c/a> to cut their rights. Questions have been raised about whether the orders are actual “cease and desist” orders that must be followed, or are simply advisories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city has several more water rights going back to 1901 that have not been curtailed, but could be in coming weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As supplies continue to decline through the summer, it is expected that more senior rights will be impacted by limited water availability,” the State Water Resources Control Board said in its release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll be taking the appropriate action to protect our water rights,” Ritchie said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/78194/san-francisco-ordered-to-stop-using-century-old-water-rights","authors":["239"],"series":["science_1151"],"categories":["science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_572","science_2078"],"featImg":"science_78196","label":"science_1151"},"science_27515":{"type":"posts","id":"science_27515","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"27515","score":null,"sort":[1425317491000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-new-stronger-tunnel-to-bring-hetch-hetchy-water-to-bay-area","title":"A New, Stronger Tunnel to Bring Hetch Hetchy Water to the Bay Area","publishDate":1425317491,"format":"aside","headTitle":"A New, Stronger Tunnel to Bring Hetch Hetchy Water to the Bay Area | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27536\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/tunnel_opening1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-27536\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/tunnel_opening1.jpg\" alt=\"Workers with the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission inspect the New Irvington Tunnel, which will carry an average of 265 million gallons of water a day. (Owen Bissell/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers with the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission inspect the New Irvington Tunnel, which will carry an average of 265 million gallons of water a day. (Owen Bissell/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission has opened a new 3.5 mile-long tunnel in Sunol Valley, a few miles east of Fremont, that will transport 265 million gallons of water a day, on average, to customers of the Hetch Hetchy water system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Construction crews have been hard at work on the nine-foot diameter New Irvington Tunnel since July 2010, and its opening on Friday marks another milestone in the $4.8 billion \u003ca href=\"http://sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=114\">Hetch Hetchy Water System Improvement Program \u003c/a>to upgrade and replace aging infrastructure that brings water from \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/featurecontent/yose/anniversary/yosemite125th.com/index.html\">Hetch Hetchy reservoir in Yosemite National Park\u003c/a>, 167 miles away, to the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A key goal of the voter-approved program, which is scheduled to run through 2018, is to make sure that taps in the homes of the 2.6 million Bay Area residents who receive Hetch Hetchy water keep flowing with water 24 hours after a major earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have the Calaveras fault, the Hayward fault in the East Bay, and then of course the San Andreas fault on the Peninsula,” said Dan Wade, director of the Hetch Hetchy Water System Improvement Program. “And our water system crosses all three of those major faults.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/ucerf/\">U.S. Geological Survey\u003c/a>, there is a greater than 60 percent chance of a major earthquake taking place in the Bay Area in the next 30 years. The Hetch Hetchy water system has been operating for more than 80 years, and much of its infrastructure – including pipes, local reservoirs and a 90 year-old rock and earth-filled dam – is in need of a makeover to shield it from earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the construction projects are also intended to provide redundancy and a back-up to structures that are critical to bringing water from the Sierra Nevada watershed to the system’s customers, who live in San Francisco, Alameda, San Mateo and Santa Clara counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, the New Irvington Tunnel operates alongside the existing Irvington Tunnel in Sunol Valley, which brings water from the Hetch Hetchy reservoir into the Bay Area. The existing Irvington Tunnel, which has not been taken out of service since 1966, when it was last inspected, is vulnerable to earthquakes, experts say, and lies between the Calaveras and San Andreas faults. The new tunnel, which is steel-lined and encased in concrete, has been engineered to withstand a magnitude 7.1 earthquake on the Hayward fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re actually constructing the New Irvington Tunnel parallel to the existing tunnel,” said Wade. “We’ll be able to take the existing tunnel out of service, make any repairs, and then both tunnels will be in service,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both tunnels will carry water not only from Hetch Hetchy but also from the nearby San Antonio and Calaveras reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27534\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/CalaverasReservoir1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-27534 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/CalaverasReservoir1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Calaveras Reservoir is located just 1500 feet from the Calaveras fault, one of three active faults the Hetch Hetchy water system crosses in the Bay Area. (Owen Bissell/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Calaveras Reservoir, which is the largest of the system’s five local reservoirs, is also in need of a seismic makeover. Its 90 year-old earth- and rock-filled dam, which forms the reservoir, is located on the Santa Clara – Alameda county line, and is located only 1,500 feet from the Calaveras fault. Since 2001, state dam regulators have only allowed the reservoir to be filled to 40 percent of its capacity because the dam is prone to liquefaction, which happens when waterlogged, loose soil behaves like a liquid during the violent shaking generated by a big earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, construction crews are building a new, 220 foot-tall seismically safe dam a few hundred yards downstream from the original dam in the hills southeast of Fremont. At a cost of $720 million, replacing the Calaveras Dam is the biggest, most expensive and last remaining major project under the Hetch Hetchy Water System Improvement Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27535\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Calaveras_Dam_site1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-27535 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Calaveras_Dam_site1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ten million cubic yards of earth and rock will need to be excavated for the construction of the new Calaveras Dam, located at the Alameda-Santa Clara county line. (Owen Bissell/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although it will also be made of earth and rock – roughly 10 million cubic yards’ worth – cement grouting is being sprayed between spaces within the rock to create a more water-tight foundation. The reservoir will then be able to fill to capacity – 100,000 acre-feet or 31 billion gallons – when construction on the new dam finishes in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Wade, filling Calaveras, the largest of the system’s five local reservoirs, to full capacity will not only boost water storage but help the regional water system cope with multi-year droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in the third year of a major drought,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The program has a goal of meeting a drought period of seven-and-a-half years. We need this reservoir for drought carryover storage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To find out more about the New Irvington Tunnel and Calaveras Dam replacement projects, watch this \u003ca href=\"http://youtu.be/wNlX_IcRgos?list=PLCxtKFQXBuRhyJ2TALXYrNBWDZMO7jPOr#t=8m10s\">video\u003c/a> produced for KQED Newsroom. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The San Francisco Public Utilities opened on Friday a new cement-encased, steel-lined tunnel that runs from Sunol Valley to Fremont. It will carry an average of 265 million gallons of water a day for customers of the Hetch Hetchy Water System Improvement Program, which consists of more than 80 projects to seismically retrofit and upgrade an 80-year-old water system serving 2.6 million people in the Bay Area.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704932206,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":896},"headData":{"title":"A New, Stronger Tunnel to Bring Hetch Hetchy Water to the Bay Area | KQED","description":"The San Francisco Public Utilities opened on Friday a new cement-encased, steel-lined tunnel that runs from Sunol Valley to Fremont. It will carry an average of 265 million gallons of water a day for customers of the Hetch Hetchy Water System Improvement Program, which consists of more than 80 projects to seismically retrofit and upgrade an 80-year-old water system serving 2.6 million people in the Bay Area.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"A New, Stronger Tunnel to Bring Hetch Hetchy Water to the Bay Area","datePublished":"2015-03-02T17:31:31.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-11T00:16:46.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/27515/a-new-stronger-tunnel-to-bring-hetch-hetchy-water-to-bay-area","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27536\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/tunnel_opening1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-27536\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/tunnel_opening1.jpg\" alt=\"Workers with the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission inspect the New Irvington Tunnel, which will carry an average of 265 million gallons of water a day. (Owen Bissell/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers with the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission inspect the New Irvington Tunnel, which will carry an average of 265 million gallons of water a day. (Owen Bissell/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission has opened a new 3.5 mile-long tunnel in Sunol Valley, a few miles east of Fremont, that will transport 265 million gallons of water a day, on average, to customers of the Hetch Hetchy water system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Construction crews have been hard at work on the nine-foot diameter New Irvington Tunnel since July 2010, and its opening on Friday marks another milestone in the $4.8 billion \u003ca href=\"http://sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=114\">Hetch Hetchy Water System Improvement Program \u003c/a>to upgrade and replace aging infrastructure that brings water from \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/featurecontent/yose/anniversary/yosemite125th.com/index.html\">Hetch Hetchy reservoir in Yosemite National Park\u003c/a>, 167 miles away, to the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A key goal of the voter-approved program, which is scheduled to run through 2018, is to make sure that taps in the homes of the 2.6 million Bay Area residents who receive Hetch Hetchy water keep flowing with water 24 hours after a major earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have the Calaveras fault, the Hayward fault in the East Bay, and then of course the San Andreas fault on the Peninsula,” said Dan Wade, director of the Hetch Hetchy Water System Improvement Program. “And our water system crosses all three of those major faults.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/ucerf/\">U.S. Geological Survey\u003c/a>, there is a greater than 60 percent chance of a major earthquake taking place in the Bay Area in the next 30 years. The Hetch Hetchy water system has been operating for more than 80 years, and much of its infrastructure – including pipes, local reservoirs and a 90 year-old rock and earth-filled dam – is in need of a makeover to shield it from earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the construction projects are also intended to provide redundancy and a back-up to structures that are critical to bringing water from the Sierra Nevada watershed to the system’s customers, who live in San Francisco, Alameda, San Mateo and Santa Clara counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, the New Irvington Tunnel operates alongside the existing Irvington Tunnel in Sunol Valley, which brings water from the Hetch Hetchy reservoir into the Bay Area. The existing Irvington Tunnel, which has not been taken out of service since 1966, when it was last inspected, is vulnerable to earthquakes, experts say, and lies between the Calaveras and San Andreas faults. The new tunnel, which is steel-lined and encased in concrete, has been engineered to withstand a magnitude 7.1 earthquake on the Hayward fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re actually constructing the New Irvington Tunnel parallel to the existing tunnel,” said Wade. “We’ll be able to take the existing tunnel out of service, make any repairs, and then both tunnels will be in service,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both tunnels will carry water not only from Hetch Hetchy but also from the nearby San Antonio and Calaveras reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27534\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/CalaverasReservoir1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-27534 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/CalaverasReservoir1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Calaveras Reservoir is located just 1500 feet from the Calaveras fault, one of three active faults the Hetch Hetchy water system crosses in the Bay Area. (Owen Bissell/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Calaveras Reservoir, which is the largest of the system’s five local reservoirs, is also in need of a seismic makeover. Its 90 year-old earth- and rock-filled dam, which forms the reservoir, is located on the Santa Clara – Alameda county line, and is located only 1,500 feet from the Calaveras fault. Since 2001, state dam regulators have only allowed the reservoir to be filled to 40 percent of its capacity because the dam is prone to liquefaction, which happens when waterlogged, loose soil behaves like a liquid during the violent shaking generated by a big earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, construction crews are building a new, 220 foot-tall seismically safe dam a few hundred yards downstream from the original dam in the hills southeast of Fremont. At a cost of $720 million, replacing the Calaveras Dam is the biggest, most expensive and last remaining major project under the Hetch Hetchy Water System Improvement Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27535\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Calaveras_Dam_site1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-27535 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Calaveras_Dam_site1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ten million cubic yards of earth and rock will need to be excavated for the construction of the new Calaveras Dam, located at the Alameda-Santa Clara county line. (Owen Bissell/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although it will also be made of earth and rock – roughly 10 million cubic yards’ worth – cement grouting is being sprayed between spaces within the rock to create a more water-tight foundation. The reservoir will then be able to fill to capacity – 100,000 acre-feet or 31 billion gallons – when construction on the new dam finishes in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Wade, filling Calaveras, the largest of the system’s five local reservoirs, to full capacity will not only boost water storage but help the regional water system cope with multi-year droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in the third year of a major drought,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The program has a goal of meeting a drought period of seven-and-a-half years. We need this reservoir for drought carryover storage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To find out more about the New Irvington Tunnel and Calaveras Dam replacement projects, watch this \u003ca href=\"http://youtu.be/wNlX_IcRgos?list=PLCxtKFQXBuRhyJ2TALXYrNBWDZMO7jPOr#t=8m10s\">video\u003c/a> produced for KQED Newsroom. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/27515/a-new-stronger-tunnel-to-bring-hetch-hetchy-water-to-bay-area","authors":["3249"],"categories":["science_89","science_38","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_572","science_257","science_2078","science_201"],"featImg":"science_27536","label":"science"},"science_24218":{"type":"posts","id":"science_24218","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"24218","score":null,"sort":[1416964806000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"stalled-clean-power-alternative-to-pge-looms-large-in-new-sf-electricity-law","title":"Stalled Clean Power Alternative to PG&E Looms Large in New S.F. Electricity Law","publishDate":1416964806,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Stalled Clean Power Alternative to PG&E Looms Large in New S.F. Electricity Law | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24284\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 850px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Hetch.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-24284\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Hetch.jpg\" alt=\"Dated signage indicating electricity from Hetch Hetchy. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A weathered wooden sign in Fremont boasts electricity from Hetch Hetchy. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a move that could generate tens of millions of dollars for the city, San Francisco’s Board of Supervisors passed legislation today that would give the city’s Public Utilities Commission a “right of first refusal” to sell electricity to private development projects in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFPUC’s Power Enterprise currently sells on the wholesale market electricity that’s left over after municipal uses like powering City Hall. But the city could make about four times as much money selling to private customers at retail rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This new arrangement would switch the default power provider for many larger construction projects, and the long-term electricity needs of whatever’s getting built in booming San Francisco, from Pacific Gas and Electric to the city. It would allow the SFPUC to sell electricity to projects on public lands, those developed with public funds and any private projects seeking city approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisors’ long-stalled effort to form \u003ca href=\"http://sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=577\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CleanPowerSF\u003c/a>, a city-run, clean-energy alternative to PG&E, looms large in the new law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have had a history of a monopoly in San Francisco, with PG&E, on electricity,” said the ordinance’s author, San Francisco Supervisor Scott Wiener.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He introduced an amendment Monday suggesting that the SFPUC prioritize selling electricity to CleanPowerSF if and when the program launches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A PG&E spokesman would not comment on the legislation, but provided KQED with a prepared statement that said the company looks forward to continuing to provide clean energy to San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will continue to work with the city on this issue,” the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CleanPowerSF was stalled by the SFPUC last year, when the commission refused to set rates for the greener, and thus more expensive, electricity that would be sold by the city but transmitted across PG&E’s network. The program was set up to automatically enroll residents, who would then have to opt out in order to revert to PG&E power. CleanPowerSF’s additional “generation charge,” which could run anywhere from $5.29 to near $10 per month to match a green alternative proposed by PG&E, would appear on customers’ PG&E bill. A final decision on the rate is pending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Chronicle \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/S-F-clean-energy-program-could-generate-8-100-5897392.php\">reported Monday\u003c/a> that Wiener called the “right of first refusal” legislation “complementary” to the CleanPowerSF effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24277\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 590px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Where-your-hetch-hetchy-power-comes-from.aspx_.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-24277 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Where-your-hetch-hetchy-power-comes-from.aspx_.jpg\" alt=\"Where your hetch hetchy power comes from.aspx\" width=\"590\" height=\"251\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The vast majority of the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission’s electricity is hydropower from Hetch Hetchy. (SFPUC)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wiener says the Power Enterprise “has been starved of resources because it is not more of a retail provider.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFPUC’s Power Enterprise currently takes in about $115 million each year from electricity sales, according to the program’s Assistant General Manager Barbara Hale. About 15 percent of that comes from selling excess energy on the wholesale market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do have available power to sell to additional retail customers,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More retail-rate customers could mean a $40 million increase in revenue for the SFPUC yearly, Wiener said, and should enlarge the local commission’s footprint in San Francisco’s electricity market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Business Operators and Managers Association and Chamber of Commerce both oppose the legislation because it will force some private entities to purchase power from the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have some serious problems with this legislation, supervisor,” BOMA’s Ken Cleaveland told Wiener at a Land Use Committee meeting Monday. “If the city bids out many of its services, why don’t you allow PG&E and the SFPUC to bid contracts for these new developments?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s rates are equal to or lower than PG&E’s, Hale said, and the power is “100 percent greenhouse gas free.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A city-run alternative to PG&E could rake in millions for San Francisco but faces opposition from the business sector.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704932573,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":675},"headData":{"title":"Stalled Clean Power Alternative to PG&E Looms Large in New S.F. Electricity Law | KQED","description":"A city-run alternative to PG&E could rake in millions for San Francisco but faces opposition from the business sector.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Stalled Clean Power Alternative to PG&E Looms Large in New S.F. Electricity Law","datePublished":"2014-11-26T01:20:06.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-11T00:22:53.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/24218/stalled-clean-power-alternative-to-pge-looms-large-in-new-sf-electricity-law","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24284\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 850px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Hetch.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-24284\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Hetch.jpg\" alt=\"Dated signage indicating electricity from Hetch Hetchy. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A weathered wooden sign in Fremont boasts electricity from Hetch Hetchy. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a move that could generate tens of millions of dollars for the city, San Francisco’s Board of Supervisors passed legislation today that would give the city’s Public Utilities Commission a “right of first refusal” to sell electricity to private development projects in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFPUC’s Power Enterprise currently sells on the wholesale market electricity that’s left over after municipal uses like powering City Hall. But the city could make about four times as much money selling to private customers at retail rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This new arrangement would switch the default power provider for many larger construction projects, and the long-term electricity needs of whatever’s getting built in booming San Francisco, from Pacific Gas and Electric to the city. It would allow the SFPUC to sell electricity to projects on public lands, those developed with public funds and any private projects seeking city approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisors’ long-stalled effort to form \u003ca href=\"http://sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=577\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CleanPowerSF\u003c/a>, a city-run, clean-energy alternative to PG&E, looms large in the new law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have had a history of a monopoly in San Francisco, with PG&E, on electricity,” said the ordinance’s author, San Francisco Supervisor Scott Wiener.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He introduced an amendment Monday suggesting that the SFPUC prioritize selling electricity to CleanPowerSF if and when the program launches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A PG&E spokesman would not comment on the legislation, but provided KQED with a prepared statement that said the company looks forward to continuing to provide clean energy to San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will continue to work with the city on this issue,” the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CleanPowerSF was stalled by the SFPUC last year, when the commission refused to set rates for the greener, and thus more expensive, electricity that would be sold by the city but transmitted across PG&E’s network. The program was set up to automatically enroll residents, who would then have to opt out in order to revert to PG&E power. CleanPowerSF’s additional “generation charge,” which could run anywhere from $5.29 to near $10 per month to match a green alternative proposed by PG&E, would appear on customers’ PG&E bill. A final decision on the rate is pending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Chronicle \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/S-F-clean-energy-program-could-generate-8-100-5897392.php\">reported Monday\u003c/a> that Wiener called the “right of first refusal” legislation “complementary” to the CleanPowerSF effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24277\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 590px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Where-your-hetch-hetchy-power-comes-from.aspx_.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-24277 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Where-your-hetch-hetchy-power-comes-from.aspx_.jpg\" alt=\"Where your hetch hetchy power comes from.aspx\" width=\"590\" height=\"251\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The vast majority of the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission’s electricity is hydropower from Hetch Hetchy. (SFPUC)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wiener says the Power Enterprise “has been starved of resources because it is not more of a retail provider.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFPUC’s Power Enterprise currently takes in about $115 million each year from electricity sales, according to the program’s Assistant General Manager Barbara Hale. About 15 percent of that comes from selling excess energy on the wholesale market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do have available power to sell to additional retail customers,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More retail-rate customers could mean a $40 million increase in revenue for the SFPUC yearly, Wiener said, and should enlarge the local commission’s footprint in San Francisco’s electricity market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Business Operators and Managers Association and Chamber of Commerce both oppose the legislation because it will force some private entities to purchase power from the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have some serious problems with this legislation, supervisor,” BOMA’s Ken Cleaveland told Wiener at a Land Use Committee meeting Monday. “If the city bids out many of its services, why don’t you allow PG&E and the SFPUC to bid contracts for these new developments?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s rates are equal to or lower than PG&E’s, Hale said, and the power is “100 percent greenhouse gas free.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/24218/stalled-clean-power-alternative-to-pge-looms-large-in-new-sf-electricity-law","authors":["3206"],"categories":["science_31","science_33","science_40"],"tags":["science_2078"],"featImg":"science_24284","label":"science"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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