8 Mistakes to Avoid If You're Going Out During the California Heat Wave
Facing Drought, Wildfires, Scorching Heat, Bay Area Wineries Are Changing How They Grow Grapes
Another California Heat Wave Will Bake Forests Already Primed to Burn
A Scorching Summer Looms as California Girds Against Power Outages
Heat Wave Descends on East Bay Hills and I-80 Corridor This Weekend
Interview: Researcher on Bodega Bay Mussel Die-Off
Wowzers! Death Valley Sets Tentative World Record for Hottest Month
Pacific Ocean Pattern Could Predict U.S. Heat Waves
California Simmers as Heat Wave Settles In
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But this summer’s heat is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/05/1186003959/el-nino-plus-climate-change-means-record-breaking-heat\">breaking records\u003c/a> around the world, and in the U.S. this week, a heat dome is afflicting the Southwest with ultrahigh temperatures. The East Coast is expected to be steamy, and parts of Southern California could hit 106 degrees by Saturday in what the National Weather Service has dubbed a summer of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/06/21/1183486618/summer-solstice-weather-extreme-heat\">excessive\u003c/a>” weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related coverage\" postID=\"news_11878134\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, it’s summer and you have things to do outdoors, from festivals to barbecues to mowing the lawn. We get it. But the heat can take a toll on your body, and you need to plan ahead when the temperature rises to extreme heat. “Don’t overdo it,” warns \u003ca href=\"https://www.oakstreethealth.com/doctors/john-h-schumann\">John Schumann\u003c/a>, a primary care physician in Tulsa, Oklahoma. “Heat can envelop and pummel you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there are a lot of misconceptions about the best ways to protect yourself, warns \u003ca href=\"https://www.uclahealth.org/providers/david-eisenman\">David Eisenman\u003c/a>, a physician at UCLA who is \u003ca href=\"https://ph.ucla.edu/about/faculty-staff-directory/david-eisenman\">co-director of the UCLA Center for Healthy Climate Solutions\u003c/a>. Here are mistakes to avoid in order to ensure you stay safe in the heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1. Too much, too soon: You need to acclimatize\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When a heat wave strikes, your body needs time to adjust, says \u003ca href=\"https://scholars.houstonmethodist.org/en/persons/neil-a-gandhi\">Neil Gandhi\u003c/a>, a physician at Houston Methodist Hospital: “You can’t do too much too soon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you go from mostly spending time in air conditioning to an outdoor activity in the sweltering heat, you could be caught off guard. Your body isn’t “acclimatized to handle the stress,” Gandhi says. And \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/pictureofamerica/pdfs/picture_of_america_heat-related_illness.pdf\">every year, about 650 people die (PDF)\u003c/a> from heat-related illness in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, once acclimatized, the body gets better at fending off heat-related illness. “Our body starts to sweat sooner at a lower body temperature and at a greater rate,” explains Eisenman. Also, blood flow to the skin improves, which has the effect of cooling us down by carrying heat out of the body’s core. And your thirst increases, so you’re less likely to get dehydrated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this doesn’t happen immediately. “It’s going to happen over the space of several days of exposure,” Eisenman says. So if you’re planning a hiking trip, summer sightseeing or any other extended exposure to heat, plan to spend short periods in the heat each day in the days leading up to your outdoor adventure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And note that kids acclimatize much more slowly than adults, says Eisenman, so give them extra days to prepare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983477\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1983477\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1259099394-72634062db48a3d4e83f773465494cc2a560a4e4-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A few people pictured outside holding black umbrellas. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1259099394-72634062db48a3d4e83f773465494cc2a560a4e4-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1259099394-72634062db48a3d4e83f773465494cc2a560a4e4-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1259099394-72634062db48a3d4e83f773465494cc2a560a4e4-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1259099394-72634062db48a3d4e83f773465494cc2a560a4e4.jpg 911w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Staying out of direct sun as much as possible can help prevent heat-related illness. Look for shade or make your own with an umbrella, like these pedestrians waiting for a bus during a heat wave in Miami on June 26. \u003ccite>(Giorgio Viera/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>2. Failing to pre-hydrate (and rehydrate!)\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Hydrate in advance, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.memorialhermann.org/doctors/cardiovascular-disease-specialists/dr-wafi-momin-do-1437414778\">Wafi Momin\u003c/a>, a cardiologist at Memorial Hermann Health System in Katy, Texas. “Grab a glass of water or a sports drink before you head out to the outdoors,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And bring plenty of water with you, and don’t wait until you’re thirsty to start drinking during an outdoor activity. “The moment you begin to feel thirsty, you’re likely anywhere between 10 to 25% dehydrated already,” says Gandhi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people aren’t even hydrated enough on a normal day, Eisenman notes, so it’s easy to start at a deficit on a hot day. His advice is to double the amount you’d drink in a typical day. The best test of hydration is to check the color of your urine. “Make sure that you’re peeing frequently and that your urine is pale” — almost clear, says Eisenman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water is the best way to hydrate — and it’s free! Sports drinks add electrolytes and can be helpful if you’ve gotten overheated or if you’re participating in a marathon or other endurance event — but they’re not necessary when you’re simply trying to stay hydrated throughout the day, says Schumann, who also serves as a medical director for Oak Street Health, a chain of primary care clinics. In Tulsa, he says, in recent weeks they’ve seen bouts of 100-degree weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In these heat-dome times, though I pooh-pooh all the millennials who carry water bottles everywhere, the kids — they’re right about this,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>3. Don’t be the frog in the boiling pot (i.e., your car)\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>You may not realize how hot it’s getting inside your car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cars heat up so fast even in moderate heat because of a “mini greenhouse effect,” Eisenman explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The sun is coming through those windows, and then the heat is getting bounced around and getting trapped inside. It turns into a different wavelength of heat and doesn’t go back out the windows,” he says. “And on a day of moderate temperatures, say like 75 degrees outside, in 25 minutes it will become 100 degrees inside your car.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhtsa.gov/campaign/heatstroke#:~:text=When%20a%20child%20is%20left,died%20of%20heatstroke%20in%20vehicles\">about 50 children die \u003c/a>when left in a car. So do not underestimate the dangers, especially if you’re distracted by finishing up a phone call, says Eisenman. “Even with the air conditioner running, even with the windows cracked, it can become hot in there very quickly,” he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983478\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1983478\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1259090449-8caea5a3b2d90f17440653fb95d3345c130eab19-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A kid in an orange short and shorts with images of food on them plays in the water. The kid is holding a blue and green toy in his hand. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1259090449-8caea5a3b2d90f17440653fb95d3345c130eab19-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1259090449-8caea5a3b2d90f17440653fb95d3345c130eab19-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1259090449-8caea5a3b2d90f17440653fb95d3345c130eab19-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1259090449-8caea5a3b2d90f17440653fb95d3345c130eab19.jpg 907w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kids can be more vulnerable to heat-related illness, and it takes them longer to acclimatize to sudden hot weather. \u003ccite>(Jim Watson/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>4. Heat + (certain) medications don’t mix\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Certain medications can make people more vulnerable to heat, explains Momin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some heart medications such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/01/1114821088/blood-pressure-medication-can-complicate-heat-related-illness\">blood pressure drugs\u003c/a>, which millions of people take, are diuretic, he explains. “Those medications are trying to get rid of fluid from your body because of underlying heart issues,” he says. And if you then add heat, which also causes you to lose excessive amounts of fluid, “that can cause a very dangerous situation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other types of medications can have this effect too, says Schumann. These include \u003ca href=\"https://www.goodrx.com/classes/anticholinergics/anticholinergic-drugs-medications\">anticholinergic medications\u003c/a>, anticonvulsants, bladder medications and sedatives. “Lots of medicines work by dehydrating us — excreting excess fluid. Be careful!” he warns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, older people are more vulnerable to heat, so if you’re older and on these medications, take extra precautions to stay cool and hydrated. Ask your doctor whether any of your medicines could be dehydrating.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>5. Don’t ignore the early signs of heat-related illness\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The first few signs that you’re getting overheated may not feel too alarming: sweating, fatigue, dizziness and headache. You might feel nauseous or lightheaded. But “those are the telltale signs of heat exhaustion creeping in,” says Momin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You may just blow it off, saying, you know, it’s hot and I’ve felt this way before, but the worst of the symptoms can come on very quickly without realizing it,” he says. “And all of a sudden, your body’s overheating to a point where you won’t really be able to drink enough fluids at that juncture to reverse what’s already gone on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Symptoms of heat exhaustion can quickly become more serious. They can include muscle cramping, increased fatigue and accelerated heart rate. “You may start to weaken and just kind of get out of breath as you exert yourself,” Gandhi says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>6. Know when to seek medical attention\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’re with someone who begins to show signs of heat-related illness, move the person to a cool place, give them water or a sports drink and moisten their skin. You can also remove unnecessary clothing such as shoes, socks and jackets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, observe them. Their symptoms should start to improve in about 30 minutes, Eisenman says. If they don’t get better in that time or if \u003cem>at any point\u003c/em> they start having more \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/safety/heat-illness#:~:text=Heat%20Stroke,Delay%20can%20be%20fatal.\">worrisome symptoms\u003c/a>, call for medical help. “I think sometimes people wait too long to call 911,” says Eisenman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If their heart rate is going fast, if they’re breathing quickly, if they seem at all confused, those are all indicators they’ve had more exposure to the heat than \u003cem>you\u003c/em> can handle,” Eisenman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When heatstroke sets in, people can even lose consciousness or pass out — in this case, seek immediate medical attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You \u003cem>really \u003c/em>want to avoid heatstroke: With heatstroke, your core body temperature can rise quickly to 103 to 105 degrees or more, says Gandhi. When this happens, “you can start to experience some organ damage pretty quickly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>7. Wear loose, light clothing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’re spending time in the heat, what you wear matters. “I would seek lighter colors because those tend to reflect heat rather than absorb heat compared to darker colors such as blacks and dark blues,” says Momin. And stay away from tight clothing, which can block airflow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Loose-fitting clothing allows for the heat to evaporate off your body more easily,” adds Eisenman.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>8. Alcohol is a bad call\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’re at an outdoor party, resist that ice-cold margarita. Go for mocktails instead. “Alcohol will dehydrate you much faster” in the heat, says Schumann.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re determined to have something with a little kick in it, “drink some water for every drink you have to avoid trouble,” he says. “If you wind up having to pee a lot, it’ll be worth it. If you don’t, you might be getting into trouble.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Alcohol is very problematic” if you’re outdoors in the heat, agrees Momin. Not only does it cause you to lose fluids, but “it can also impair your judgment.” And when that happens, you might miss the signs of heat-related illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=8+mistakes+to+avoid+if+you%27re+going+out+in+the+heat&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"You can still enjoy the outdoors this summer despite the scorching weather, if you're smart about it. Here's what to watch out for and how to stay safe.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704845956,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":37,"wordCount":1742},"headData":{"title":"8 Mistakes to Avoid If You're Going Out During the California Heat Wave | KQED","description":"You can still enjoy the outdoors this summer despite the scorching weather, if you're smart about it. Here's what to watch out for and how to stay safe.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"NPR","sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"David J. Phillip","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/2100208/allison-aubrey\">Allison Aubrey\u003c/a> , \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/707478309/carmel-wroth\">Carmel Wroth\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"AP","nprStoryId":"1187025949","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1187025949&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/07/12/1187025949/heatstroke-heat-exhaustion-symptoms-prevent?ft=nprml&f=1187025949","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 12 Jul 2023 05:28:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 12 Jul 2023 05:00:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 12 Jul 2023 05:28:52 -0400","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1983475/8-mistakes-to-avoid-if-youre-going-out-during-the-california-heat-wave","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s hot — which shouldn’t come as a surprise in July. But this summer’s heat is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/05/1186003959/el-nino-plus-climate-change-means-record-breaking-heat\">breaking records\u003c/a> around the world, and in the U.S. this week, a heat dome is afflicting the Southwest with ultrahigh temperatures. The East Coast is expected to be steamy, and parts of Southern California could hit 106 degrees by Saturday in what the National Weather Service has dubbed a summer of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/06/21/1183486618/summer-solstice-weather-extreme-heat\">excessive\u003c/a>” weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related coverage ","postid":"news_11878134"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, it’s summer and you have things to do outdoors, from festivals to barbecues to mowing the lawn. We get it. But the heat can take a toll on your body, and you need to plan ahead when the temperature rises to extreme heat. “Don’t overdo it,” warns \u003ca href=\"https://www.oakstreethealth.com/doctors/john-h-schumann\">John Schumann\u003c/a>, a primary care physician in Tulsa, Oklahoma. “Heat can envelop and pummel you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there are a lot of misconceptions about the best ways to protect yourself, warns \u003ca href=\"https://www.uclahealth.org/providers/david-eisenman\">David Eisenman\u003c/a>, a physician at UCLA who is \u003ca href=\"https://ph.ucla.edu/about/faculty-staff-directory/david-eisenman\">co-director of the UCLA Center for Healthy Climate Solutions\u003c/a>. Here are mistakes to avoid in order to ensure you stay safe in the heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1. Too much, too soon: You need to acclimatize\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When a heat wave strikes, your body needs time to adjust, says \u003ca href=\"https://scholars.houstonmethodist.org/en/persons/neil-a-gandhi\">Neil Gandhi\u003c/a>, a physician at Houston Methodist Hospital: “You can’t do too much too soon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you go from mostly spending time in air conditioning to an outdoor activity in the sweltering heat, you could be caught off guard. Your body isn’t “acclimatized to handle the stress,” Gandhi says. And \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/pictureofamerica/pdfs/picture_of_america_heat-related_illness.pdf\">every year, about 650 people die (PDF)\u003c/a> from heat-related illness in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, once acclimatized, the body gets better at fending off heat-related illness. “Our body starts to sweat sooner at a lower body temperature and at a greater rate,” explains Eisenman. Also, blood flow to the skin improves, which has the effect of cooling us down by carrying heat out of the body’s core. And your thirst increases, so you’re less likely to get dehydrated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this doesn’t happen immediately. “It’s going to happen over the space of several days of exposure,” Eisenman says. So if you’re planning a hiking trip, summer sightseeing or any other extended exposure to heat, plan to spend short periods in the heat each day in the days leading up to your outdoor adventure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And note that kids acclimatize much more slowly than adults, says Eisenman, so give them extra days to prepare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983477\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1983477\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1259099394-72634062db48a3d4e83f773465494cc2a560a4e4-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A few people pictured outside holding black umbrellas. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1259099394-72634062db48a3d4e83f773465494cc2a560a4e4-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1259099394-72634062db48a3d4e83f773465494cc2a560a4e4-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1259099394-72634062db48a3d4e83f773465494cc2a560a4e4-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1259099394-72634062db48a3d4e83f773465494cc2a560a4e4.jpg 911w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Staying out of direct sun as much as possible can help prevent heat-related illness. Look for shade or make your own with an umbrella, like these pedestrians waiting for a bus during a heat wave in Miami on June 26. \u003ccite>(Giorgio Viera/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>2. Failing to pre-hydrate (and rehydrate!)\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Hydrate in advance, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.memorialhermann.org/doctors/cardiovascular-disease-specialists/dr-wafi-momin-do-1437414778\">Wafi Momin\u003c/a>, a cardiologist at Memorial Hermann Health System in Katy, Texas. “Grab a glass of water or a sports drink before you head out to the outdoors,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And bring plenty of water with you, and don’t wait until you’re thirsty to start drinking during an outdoor activity. “The moment you begin to feel thirsty, you’re likely anywhere between 10 to 25% dehydrated already,” says Gandhi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people aren’t even hydrated enough on a normal day, Eisenman notes, so it’s easy to start at a deficit on a hot day. His advice is to double the amount you’d drink in a typical day. The best test of hydration is to check the color of your urine. “Make sure that you’re peeing frequently and that your urine is pale” — almost clear, says Eisenman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water is the best way to hydrate — and it’s free! Sports drinks add electrolytes and can be helpful if you’ve gotten overheated or if you’re participating in a marathon or other endurance event — but they’re not necessary when you’re simply trying to stay hydrated throughout the day, says Schumann, who also serves as a medical director for Oak Street Health, a chain of primary care clinics. In Tulsa, he says, in recent weeks they’ve seen bouts of 100-degree weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In these heat-dome times, though I pooh-pooh all the millennials who carry water bottles everywhere, the kids — they’re right about this,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>3. Don’t be the frog in the boiling pot (i.e., your car)\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>You may not realize how hot it’s getting inside your car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cars heat up so fast even in moderate heat because of a “mini greenhouse effect,” Eisenman explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The sun is coming through those windows, and then the heat is getting bounced around and getting trapped inside. It turns into a different wavelength of heat and doesn’t go back out the windows,” he says. “And on a day of moderate temperatures, say like 75 degrees outside, in 25 minutes it will become 100 degrees inside your car.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhtsa.gov/campaign/heatstroke#:~:text=When%20a%20child%20is%20left,died%20of%20heatstroke%20in%20vehicles\">about 50 children die \u003c/a>when left in a car. So do not underestimate the dangers, especially if you’re distracted by finishing up a phone call, says Eisenman. “Even with the air conditioner running, even with the windows cracked, it can become hot in there very quickly,” he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983478\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1983478\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1259090449-8caea5a3b2d90f17440653fb95d3345c130eab19-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A kid in an orange short and shorts with images of food on them plays in the water. The kid is holding a blue and green toy in his hand. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1259090449-8caea5a3b2d90f17440653fb95d3345c130eab19-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1259090449-8caea5a3b2d90f17440653fb95d3345c130eab19-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1259090449-8caea5a3b2d90f17440653fb95d3345c130eab19-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1259090449-8caea5a3b2d90f17440653fb95d3345c130eab19.jpg 907w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kids can be more vulnerable to heat-related illness, and it takes them longer to acclimatize to sudden hot weather. \u003ccite>(Jim Watson/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>4. Heat + (certain) medications don’t mix\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Certain medications can make people more vulnerable to heat, explains Momin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some heart medications such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/01/1114821088/blood-pressure-medication-can-complicate-heat-related-illness\">blood pressure drugs\u003c/a>, which millions of people take, are diuretic, he explains. “Those medications are trying to get rid of fluid from your body because of underlying heart issues,” he says. And if you then add heat, which also causes you to lose excessive amounts of fluid, “that can cause a very dangerous situation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other types of medications can have this effect too, says Schumann. These include \u003ca href=\"https://www.goodrx.com/classes/anticholinergics/anticholinergic-drugs-medications\">anticholinergic medications\u003c/a>, anticonvulsants, bladder medications and sedatives. “Lots of medicines work by dehydrating us — excreting excess fluid. Be careful!” he warns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, older people are more vulnerable to heat, so if you’re older and on these medications, take extra precautions to stay cool and hydrated. Ask your doctor whether any of your medicines could be dehydrating.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>5. Don’t ignore the early signs of heat-related illness\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The first few signs that you’re getting overheated may not feel too alarming: sweating, fatigue, dizziness and headache. You might feel nauseous or lightheaded. But “those are the telltale signs of heat exhaustion creeping in,” says Momin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You may just blow it off, saying, you know, it’s hot and I’ve felt this way before, but the worst of the symptoms can come on very quickly without realizing it,” he says. “And all of a sudden, your body’s overheating to a point where you won’t really be able to drink enough fluids at that juncture to reverse what’s already gone on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Symptoms of heat exhaustion can quickly become more serious. They can include muscle cramping, increased fatigue and accelerated heart rate. “You may start to weaken and just kind of get out of breath as you exert yourself,” Gandhi says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>6. Know when to seek medical attention\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’re with someone who begins to show signs of heat-related illness, move the person to a cool place, give them water or a sports drink and moisten their skin. You can also remove unnecessary clothing such as shoes, socks and jackets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, observe them. Their symptoms should start to improve in about 30 minutes, Eisenman says. If they don’t get better in that time or if \u003cem>at any point\u003c/em> they start having more \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/safety/heat-illness#:~:text=Heat%20Stroke,Delay%20can%20be%20fatal.\">worrisome symptoms\u003c/a>, call for medical help. “I think sometimes people wait too long to call 911,” says Eisenman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If their heart rate is going fast, if they’re breathing quickly, if they seem at all confused, those are all indicators they’ve had more exposure to the heat than \u003cem>you\u003c/em> can handle,” Eisenman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When heatstroke sets in, people can even lose consciousness or pass out — in this case, seek immediate medical attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You \u003cem>really \u003c/em>want to avoid heatstroke: With heatstroke, your core body temperature can rise quickly to 103 to 105 degrees or more, says Gandhi. When this happens, “you can start to experience some organ damage pretty quickly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>7. Wear loose, light clothing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’re spending time in the heat, what you wear matters. “I would seek lighter colors because those tend to reflect heat rather than absorb heat compared to darker colors such as blacks and dark blues,” says Momin. And stay away from tight clothing, which can block airflow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Loose-fitting clothing allows for the heat to evaporate off your body more easily,” adds Eisenman.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>8. Alcohol is a bad call\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’re at an outdoor party, resist that ice-cold margarita. Go for mocktails instead. “Alcohol will dehydrate you much faster” in the heat, says Schumann.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re determined to have something with a little kick in it, “drink some water for every drink you have to avoid trouble,” he says. “If you wind up having to pee a lot, it’ll be worth it. If you don’t, you might be getting into trouble.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Alcohol is very problematic” if you’re outdoors in the heat, agrees Momin. Not only does it cause you to lose fluids, but “it can also impair your judgment.” And when that happens, you might miss the signs of heat-related illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=8+mistakes+to+avoid+if+you%27re+going+out+in+the+heat&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1983475/8-mistakes-to-avoid-if-youre-going-out-during-the-california-heat-wave","authors":["byline_science_1983475"],"categories":["science_31","science_39","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_2924","science_182","science_2184","science_383"],"featImg":"science_1983476","label":"source_science_1983475"},"science_1976952":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1976952","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1976952","score":null,"sort":[1633017644000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"facing-drought-wildfires-scorching-heat-bay-area-wineries-are-changing-how-they-grow-grapes","title":"Facing Drought, Wildfires, Scorching Heat, Bay Area Wineries Are Changing How They Grow Grapes","publishDate":1633017644,"format":"image","headTitle":"Facing Drought, Wildfires, Scorching Heat, Bay Area Wineries Are Changing How They Grow Grapes | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen above for a KQED podcast episode of this story created by The Bay team.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a foggy September morning farmworkers harvest plump, dark purple grapes at \u003ca href=\"https://hamelfamilywines.com/\">Hamel Family Wines\u003c/a> in Sonoma County. But winemaker John Hamel II recognizes these Cabernet Sauvignon grapes are very different from others grown in Sonoma and Napa counties. The green vines are flourishing mostly without direct watering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These vines haven’t received a drop of water since 2017,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hamel stopped watering 80% of his vines after realizing that’s what some growers do in places like France. The method is called dry farming, and uses little to no water to irrigate vineyards. The result is grapes with thicker skins and tastier wine, says Hamel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This season will be slightly lower in yield, but we actually feel like this has potential to be a very good vintage,” he said of this year’s harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is in a second year of drought and for many North Bay grape growers, the hot, dry conditions mean lost crops. In 2020 some growers lost 20% or more of their crops because of dry conditions, fires, or smoke tainting the flavor of their grapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the climate warms, winemakers and grape growers are changing the direction they grow vines, picking earlier, covering crops with shade cloth, and adapting in other ways. Others have invested in solar panels, electric vehicles, and climate action plans. Some, like Hamel, have shifted to dry farming and are using a lot less water or none at all. At least one Bay Area winery is using “sunscreen” on grape leaves to protect harvests from excessive heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rethinking growing practices is critical, Hamel says, because back-to-back dry years are more frequent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now every year is warm and dry,” he said. “I think it’s good to realize that you’re never fully in control, and being able to adapt to the best of your ability is the job. It’s humbling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976969\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1976969\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The only water these grape vines received since 2017 was from fog and rain.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eighty percent of the vines at Hamel Family Wines have not received any irrigation this year. That number has grown from 20% in 2017. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>All growers are feeling pressure from drought, fire and heat, but do warming temperatures pose an existential threat to wine?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353907512_Global_warming_and_wine_quality_are_we_close_to_the_tipping_point\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> released this summer by \u003ca href=\"https://wineserver.ucdavis.edu/people/kaan-kurtural#/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kaan Kurtural\u003c/a>, a UC Davis viticulture specialist, found that California’s wine industry is “not at a tipping point” because of climate change or its effects — although heat waves and fires can have an immediate impact on winemaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I tell the growers, their grapevines are not going to die,” he said. “They might not be economical to grow for one or two years, but they always come back. There are very resilient plants. So we’re able to adapt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also found that the climate has warmed steadily in California since the 1980s. But he says this has not been bad for the industry — a warmer climate helped establish the state as a premier wine growing region globally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As it became warmer we started harvesting sweeter grapes, and with sweeter grapes, the wine ratings have steadily increased,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC5689930505&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the negative impacts of climate change, Kurtural says the state’s $40 billion wine market is strong and growers will adapt to make sure it stays that way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are growing grapes at the lowest costs for the grossest profit,” he said. “As long as growers are making money, they will keep them because it’s a business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Dry farming through a drought\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Dry farming in California is not a widely used tactic — it’s just one way some growers like Hamel are acclimating to a warming world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just turning off the water and hoping for the best,” Hamel said. “Even in a year where we received less than half of normal rainfall with a hot summer the vines are doing well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hamel began dry farming before the current drought, and he’s glad he did. The roots of his vines had years to acclimate, growing deeper and finding underground sources of water. As a result, they are now well-prepared for dry times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the first year where we’ve really had a payback,” he said. “The vines have been trained to deal with a drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hamel says he saved 2 million gallons of water last year and plans to eventually dry farm almost the entirety of his 100 acres in the coming years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976958\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1976958 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Hamel Family Wines doesn't use any water on 80% of it's 100 acres.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">For John Hamel II, dry farming is about preserving a future for Hamel Family Wines as droughts worsen because of climate change. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“[We’re] essentially training the vine to endure more drought each season,” he said. “The drought doesn’t make things easier by any means. We really are on the razor’s edge all season.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drought is not new in California. But Hamel says the pendulum swings between wet and dry years have been more radical in recent years. “We have high rainfall years, close to double the amount of average rain, or we have almost half of the normal rainfall and it’s super difficult to get through an entire season,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" tag=\"climate-change\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another \u003ca href=\"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.712622/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> by Kurtural, the UC Davis viticulture specialist, found growers can use half of the water they normally use without compromising the taste or color of wine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But dry farming isn’t a viable option for all wine grape growers, said Connor Bockman with \u003ca href=\"https://rdwinery.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">RD Winery\u003c/a>, Napa’s first Vietnamese-owned winery. The growers use drip irrigation to limit water use and utilize a practice called deficit irrigation where vines are only given water when they reach a certain level of stress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says switching from irrigation to dry farming takes time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In comparison to other crops — orchards, annual field crops, and others — high-quality wine grapes use a relatively small amount of water,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>RD Winery had less fruit on the vine this year. Exactly how much of that is caused by drought is “hard to say,” Bockman said, but their harvest is “40% to 50% under expected yield.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, he says, the grapes are of both “great quality and concentration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Impacts of wildfire smoke\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976959\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1976959 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A fire circled two vineyards at Green and Red Vineyards in Napa County the summer of 2020.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A lightning-sparked fire burned right up to some of the vines at Green and Red Vineyards in 2020. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some winemakers are already feeling the pain that comes with the short-term effects of climate change. Smoke from wildfires, made worse by drought and heat waves, can sully whole harvests with a fumy aroma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, a series of lightning-sparked fire, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2020/8/17/lnu-lightning-complex-includes-hennessey-gamble-15-10-spanish-markley-13-4-11-16-walbridge/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">LNU Lightning Complex,\u003c/a> consumed 363,000 acres and burned just feet from \u003ca href=\"https://greenandred.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Green and Red Vineyards\u003c/a> in the hills of Napa County. Winery owner Tobin Heminway says most of the 31-acre vineyard acted as a fire break, but the wildfire did burn a few of the vines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were evacuated, and it came up and almost burnt our house down, which is up above on the property, and the fire circled two of our vineyards,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vines survived, but smoke tainted their grapes and they lost all of their reds. This year they picked a few weeks early, after heat waves ripened their grapes sooner than expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had these radical growth spurts in the beginning of the season,” she said. “[The grapes] ripened earlier.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says the yield is smaller this year, but the grapes are “good quality” and “intense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976960\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1976960 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The winemakers tour the vineyard in a jeep showcasing how the fire surrounded the vineyard.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">For Green and Red Vineyard operators Tobin Heminway and Raymond Hannigan, the winery is more than grapes and vines. It represents family legacy. Jay Heminway, Tobin’s father, founded the winery and passed away two years ago. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Heminway took over the winery in 2019 after her father, Jay Heminway, passed away. Since then, she’s experienced one climate impact after another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an emotionally crazy time to live,” she said. “How do we survive and live in this environment, which is becoming less and less friendly?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heminway has considered foregoing the Zinfandel vines her father planted in the early 1970s for a different varietal. But every time she walks through the vineyard, she thinks about her dad, and removing the vineyard is too closely tied to the legacy he planted and grew. With drought, fires and heat waves continuing to stress her winemaking, she’s aware that climate change is also jeopardizing her family history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re all questioning what we are doing here,” she said. “Do we have any control? In farming, we’re dependent on Mother Nature and Mother Nature is pissed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Using grape leaf “sunscreen” for heat waves\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976965\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1976965 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHTWINESIDE-800x300.jpg\" alt=\"A wine grape grower in Napa County uses a clay spray on grape leaves to protect grapes from the hot temperatures. The liquid clay acts like sunscreen for the leaves lowering the temperature.\" width=\"800\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHTWINESIDE-800x300.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHTWINESIDE-1020x382.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHTWINESIDE-160x60.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHTWINESIDE-768x288.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHTWINESIDE.jpg 1366w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Winemakers at Green and Red Vineyard in Napa County use a clay spray on grape leaves to protect grapes from hot temperatures. The liquid clay acts like sunscreen for the leaves, lowering the temperature. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wildfires and drought aren’t the only climate effects pressuring vines at Green and Red Vineyards. Scorching heat waves earlier this summer singed the leaves, exposing grapes to the scorching sun. For Aaron Whitlatch, the vineyard’s winemaker, losing another crop wasn’t an option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I liken it to being a chef that doesn’t get to complete their meal,” he said. “They spent all day chopping things and preparing it, and then you just don’t get to put it out on the plate for people to enjoy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To protect the grapes from turning into raisins on the vine, Whitlatch turned to a human idea: sunscreen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s actually sunscreen for the leaves, not so much for the grapes themselves,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The solution, borrowed from wineries in Australia, was already being used at a few other Northern California wineries. He tried it on his Petite Sirah vineyard, which is heavily exposed to sun on a hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He sprayed the leaves with white organic liquid clay, which after it has dried, coats them in a cooling white powder and prevents shriveling or turning, ensuring the grapes are shielded from high heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Whitlatch says heat waves and drought this year will likely cut the total yield in half and he’s aware that future harvests remain in jeopardy as the climate emergency continues to worsen globally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Correction: A previous version of this story misidentified Connor Bockman.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California is in a second year of drought and for many North Bay grape growers, the hot, dry conditions mean lost crops.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846416,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":51,"wordCount":1835},"headData":{"title":"Facing Drought, Wildfires, Scorching Heat, Bay Area Wineries Are Changing How They Grow Grapes | KQED","description":"California is in a second year of drought and for many North Bay grape growers, the hot, dry conditions mean lost crops.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Water","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC5689930505.mp3?updated=1632768570","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1976952/facing-drought-wildfires-scorching-heat-bay-area-wineries-are-changing-how-they-grow-grapes","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen above for a KQED podcast episode of this story created by The Bay team.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a foggy September morning farmworkers harvest plump, dark purple grapes at \u003ca href=\"https://hamelfamilywines.com/\">Hamel Family Wines\u003c/a> in Sonoma County. But winemaker John Hamel II recognizes these Cabernet Sauvignon grapes are very different from others grown in Sonoma and Napa counties. The green vines are flourishing mostly without direct watering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These vines haven’t received a drop of water since 2017,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hamel stopped watering 80% of his vines after realizing that’s what some growers do in places like France. The method is called dry farming, and uses little to no water to irrigate vineyards. The result is grapes with thicker skins and tastier wine, says Hamel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This season will be slightly lower in yield, but we actually feel like this has potential to be a very good vintage,” he said of this year’s harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is in a second year of drought and for many North Bay grape growers, the hot, dry conditions mean lost crops. In 2020 some growers lost 20% or more of their crops because of dry conditions, fires, or smoke tainting the flavor of their grapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the climate warms, winemakers and grape growers are changing the direction they grow vines, picking earlier, covering crops with shade cloth, and adapting in other ways. Others have invested in solar panels, electric vehicles, and climate action plans. Some, like Hamel, have shifted to dry farming and are using a lot less water or none at all. At least one Bay Area winery is using “sunscreen” on grape leaves to protect harvests from excessive heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rethinking growing practices is critical, Hamel says, because back-to-back dry years are more frequent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now every year is warm and dry,” he said. “I think it’s good to realize that you’re never fully in control, and being able to adapt to the best of your ability is the job. It’s humbling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976969\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1976969\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The only water these grape vines received since 2017 was from fog and rain.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eighty percent of the vines at Hamel Family Wines have not received any irrigation this year. That number has grown from 20% in 2017. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>All growers are feeling pressure from drought, fire and heat, but do warming temperatures pose an existential threat to wine?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353907512_Global_warming_and_wine_quality_are_we_close_to_the_tipping_point\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> released this summer by \u003ca href=\"https://wineserver.ucdavis.edu/people/kaan-kurtural#/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kaan Kurtural\u003c/a>, a UC Davis viticulture specialist, found that California’s wine industry is “not at a tipping point” because of climate change or its effects — although heat waves and fires can have an immediate impact on winemaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I tell the growers, their grapevines are not going to die,” he said. “They might not be economical to grow for one or two years, but they always come back. There are very resilient plants. So we’re able to adapt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also found that the climate has warmed steadily in California since the 1980s. But he says this has not been bad for the industry — a warmer climate helped establish the state as a premier wine growing region globally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As it became warmer we started harvesting sweeter grapes, and with sweeter grapes, the wine ratings have steadily increased,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC5689930505&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the negative impacts of climate change, Kurtural says the state’s $40 billion wine market is strong and growers will adapt to make sure it stays that way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are growing grapes at the lowest costs for the grossest profit,” he said. “As long as growers are making money, they will keep them because it’s a business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Dry farming through a drought\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Dry farming in California is not a widely used tactic — it’s just one way some growers like Hamel are acclimating to a warming world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just turning off the water and hoping for the best,” Hamel said. “Even in a year where we received less than half of normal rainfall with a hot summer the vines are doing well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hamel began dry farming before the current drought, and he’s glad he did. The roots of his vines had years to acclimate, growing deeper and finding underground sources of water. As a result, they are now well-prepared for dry times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the first year where we’ve really had a payback,” he said. “The vines have been trained to deal with a drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hamel says he saved 2 million gallons of water last year and plans to eventually dry farm almost the entirety of his 100 acres in the coming years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976958\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1976958 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Hamel Family Wines doesn't use any water on 80% of it's 100 acres.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">For John Hamel II, dry farming is about preserving a future for Hamel Family Wines as droughts worsen because of climate change. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“[We’re] essentially training the vine to endure more drought each season,” he said. “The drought doesn’t make things easier by any means. We really are on the razor’s edge all season.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drought is not new in California. But Hamel says the pendulum swings between wet and dry years have been more radical in recent years. “We have high rainfall years, close to double the amount of average rain, or we have almost half of the normal rainfall and it’s super difficult to get through an entire season,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","tag":"climate-change"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another \u003ca href=\"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.712622/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> by Kurtural, the UC Davis viticulture specialist, found growers can use half of the water they normally use without compromising the taste or color of wine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But dry farming isn’t a viable option for all wine grape growers, said Connor Bockman with \u003ca href=\"https://rdwinery.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">RD Winery\u003c/a>, Napa’s first Vietnamese-owned winery. The growers use drip irrigation to limit water use and utilize a practice called deficit irrigation where vines are only given water when they reach a certain level of stress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says switching from irrigation to dry farming takes time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In comparison to other crops — orchards, annual field crops, and others — high-quality wine grapes use a relatively small amount of water,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>RD Winery had less fruit on the vine this year. Exactly how much of that is caused by drought is “hard to say,” Bockman said, but their harvest is “40% to 50% under expected yield.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, he says, the grapes are of both “great quality and concentration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Impacts of wildfire smoke\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976959\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1976959 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A fire circled two vineyards at Green and Red Vineyards in Napa County the summer of 2020.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A lightning-sparked fire burned right up to some of the vines at Green and Red Vineyards in 2020. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some winemakers are already feeling the pain that comes with the short-term effects of climate change. Smoke from wildfires, made worse by drought and heat waves, can sully whole harvests with a fumy aroma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, a series of lightning-sparked fire, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2020/8/17/lnu-lightning-complex-includes-hennessey-gamble-15-10-spanish-markley-13-4-11-16-walbridge/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">LNU Lightning Complex,\u003c/a> consumed 363,000 acres and burned just feet from \u003ca href=\"https://greenandred.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Green and Red Vineyards\u003c/a> in the hills of Napa County. Winery owner Tobin Heminway says most of the 31-acre vineyard acted as a fire break, but the wildfire did burn a few of the vines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were evacuated, and it came up and almost burnt our house down, which is up above on the property, and the fire circled two of our vineyards,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vines survived, but smoke tainted their grapes and they lost all of their reds. This year they picked a few weeks early, after heat waves ripened their grapes sooner than expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had these radical growth spurts in the beginning of the season,” she said. “[The grapes] ripened earlier.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says the yield is smaller this year, but the grapes are “good quality” and “intense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976960\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1976960 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The winemakers tour the vineyard in a jeep showcasing how the fire surrounded the vineyard.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">For Green and Red Vineyard operators Tobin Heminway and Raymond Hannigan, the winery is more than grapes and vines. It represents family legacy. Jay Heminway, Tobin’s father, founded the winery and passed away two years ago. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Heminway took over the winery in 2019 after her father, Jay Heminway, passed away. Since then, she’s experienced one climate impact after another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an emotionally crazy time to live,” she said. “How do we survive and live in this environment, which is becoming less and less friendly?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heminway has considered foregoing the Zinfandel vines her father planted in the early 1970s for a different varietal. But every time she walks through the vineyard, she thinks about her dad, and removing the vineyard is too closely tied to the legacy he planted and grew. With drought, fires and heat waves continuing to stress her winemaking, she’s aware that climate change is also jeopardizing her family history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re all questioning what we are doing here,” she said. “Do we have any control? In farming, we’re dependent on Mother Nature and Mother Nature is pissed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Using grape leaf “sunscreen” for heat waves\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976965\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1976965 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHTWINESIDE-800x300.jpg\" alt=\"A wine grape grower in Napa County uses a clay spray on grape leaves to protect grapes from the hot temperatures. The liquid clay acts like sunscreen for the leaves lowering the temperature.\" width=\"800\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHTWINESIDE-800x300.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHTWINESIDE-1020x382.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHTWINESIDE-160x60.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHTWINESIDE-768x288.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHTWINESIDE.jpg 1366w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Winemakers at Green and Red Vineyard in Napa County use a clay spray on grape leaves to protect grapes from hot temperatures. The liquid clay acts like sunscreen for the leaves, lowering the temperature. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wildfires and drought aren’t the only climate effects pressuring vines at Green and Red Vineyards. Scorching heat waves earlier this summer singed the leaves, exposing grapes to the scorching sun. For Aaron Whitlatch, the vineyard’s winemaker, losing another crop wasn’t an option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I liken it to being a chef that doesn’t get to complete their meal,” he said. “They spent all day chopping things and preparing it, and then you just don’t get to put it out on the plate for people to enjoy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To protect the grapes from turning into raisins on the vine, Whitlatch turned to a human idea: sunscreen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s actually sunscreen for the leaves, not so much for the grapes themselves,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The solution, borrowed from wineries in Australia, was already being used at a few other Northern California wineries. He tried it on his Petite Sirah vineyard, which is heavily exposed to sun on a hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He sprayed the leaves with white organic liquid clay, which after it has dried, coats them in a cooling white powder and prevents shriveling or turning, ensuring the grapes are shielded from high heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Whitlatch says heat waves and drought this year will likely cut the total yield in half and he’s aware that future harvests remain in jeopardy as the climate emergency continues to worsen globally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Correction: A previous version of this story misidentified Connor Bockman.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1976952/facing-drought-wildfires-scorching-heat-bay-area-wineries-are-changing-how-they-grow-grapes","authors":["11746"],"categories":["science_31","science_40","science_4450","science_98","science_3730"],"tags":["science_1622","science_194","science_1461","science_383","science_113","science_393"],"featImg":"science_1977032","label":"source_science_1976952"},"science_1975707":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1975707","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1975707","score":null,"sort":[1625774591000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"another-california-heat-wave-will-bake-forests-already-primed-to-burn","title":"Another California Heat Wave Will Bake Forests Already Primed to Burn","publishDate":1625774591,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Another California Heat Wave Will Bake Forests Already Primed to Burn | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>May Gray, June Gloom, No-Sky July … whatever you call it, the marine layer and California’s coastal summer weather patterns are insulating the Bay Area from yet another punishing summer heat wave descending on the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While inland areas will broil this weekend, the forecast for cities around the bay is warm, but not uncomfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meteorologists are still sizing up the projections, and say the heat \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Weather_West/status/1412437780353847297\">isn’t likely to break all-time records\u003c/a> like the heatwave that cooked the Pacific Northwest last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carbon pollution is trapping heat and warming the planet, causing more frequent and severe heat waves, even as companies and governments continue to emit planet warming gases with little abatement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A pre-print study released Wednesday by an international group of climate researchers found that the Pacific Northwest heat wave would’ve been “virtually impossible without human-caused climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/\">World Weather Attribution\u003c/a> group produced the \u003ca href=\"https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/western-north-american-extreme-heat-virtually-impossible-without-human-caused-climate-change/\">rapid-turnaround modeling\u003c/a> of the extreme weather event. The researchers predict similar heat waves will be increasingly common in a warming world, although the conclusions have not yet been scrutinized through a peer review process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hidden away in coastal fog, residents of the inner Bay Area could almost forget that June saw \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/rgrahamwx/status/1411512917380435974?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">daily temperature records\u003c/a> crushed all across the state. For the Sierra and other interior regions of California, it was the hottest June in more than a century of record keeping, according to \u003ca href=\"https://weatherwest.com/archives/9899\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">climate scientists\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The baking continues. The National Weather Service issued a heat warning for the Bay Area region which lasts until Sunday, July 11. Residents of the far eastern parts of the region — Antioch, Brentwood, Napa and Livermore — face triple-digit temperatures, hotter nights and homes that likely won’t cool off in the evening, all of which compound to create \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1413098019562479616\">health dangers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1412857360977068036\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news for the Bay Area is that the marine layer will function as natural air conditioning for the coast, as it usually does this time of year. The bad news is that statewide, forests are extremely dry and vulnerable to wildfire. Scorching temps will likely only create more heightened risk of a big fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Heat Could Bring a ‘Significant Health Risk’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The incoming weather event — a couple days of heat brought on by a high pressure system moving in from the southeast — is fairly normal, said Jan Null, meteorologist with Golden Gate Weather Services, but cautioned that high temperatures can be dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we start seeing temperatures in the upper 90s and past 100, there is a significant health risk in people overexerting themselves, especially when they’re not acclimated to it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you live west of the East Bay Hills, or wear shorts when it’s 60 degrees out, that’s you, likely to be poorly acclimated to heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heatwave won’t extend to the coast “because there just isn’t enough offshore flow to overcome the strong marine influence this time of year and to fully suppress the marine layer,” wrote Daniel Swain, a climate scientist at UCLA’s Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, on his blog, \u003ca href=\"https://weatherwest.com/archives/9899\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">WeatherWest\u003c/a>. Most of the state’s population lives in places where cool ocean air provides some relief from summer heat, like the Bay Area, Los Angeles and San Diego metro regions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a pattern we’ve seen occur somewhat frequently in recent years, with searing heat inland yet quite mild conditions where the marine influence hangs on, and which also makes for a rather strange reality,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later in the season, when high pressure and hot air push toward the coast, effectively turning off the coast’s natural AC, the extreme temperatures will likely push out to the Pacific.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Hot Temperatures Intensify Already Bone Dry Conditions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This particular heat wave will bake an abnormally dry landscape, priming it further to burn. Much of the Bay Area is in an exceptional drought, the highest category on the \u003ca href=\"https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/CurrentMap/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. Drought Monitor\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Stephens, a forestry professor at UC Berkeley is seeing evidence of that first hand in the Plumas County town of Quincy, where he’s teaching a summer field course for undergraduates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said after several weeks of temperatures above 90 degrees, plants there are “already showing signs that look like August: leaves starting to shrivel, shutting shut down because moisture is being depleted by the heat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hot temperatures plus the combination of two years of below average precipitation this year is really worrisome because that lower moisture is going to make fire behavior more extreme, spread rates more extreme,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s typical for plants and trees to dry out in the summer in California’s Mediterranean climate, but not typically this fast, Stephens said. During the state’s last major drought, which lasted from 2012 to 2016, more than 120 million trees in the Sierra Nevada succumbed to bark beetles infestation and drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those stands of dead trees and dry timber fueled blazes like the Creek Fire, which ignited near Shaver Lake last September and burned for nearly four months, consuming an area larger than the city of Los Angeles, almost 600 square miles of forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephens notes that the northern tier of the Sierra has not yet experienced a similar tree die off during this drought, although he’s seeing an increase in bark beetle activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we put two more years of drought and warm conditions on this part of California, I’m afraid we might see the same kind of disaster,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephens blames decades of fire suppression and poor forest management for the larger fires in recent years, making parched land more vulnerable to extreme fire behavior. These policy failures are compounded by rising average summer temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You put climate change on top of [years of fire suppression] and it makes it worse,” he said. “We’ve got warmer periods, lower fuel moistures, snow melting earlier. All of this is contributing to what fire is doing,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Inland areas of California will broil this weekend, but the forecast for cities around the bay is warm, not uncomfortable.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846528,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":1047},"headData":{"title":"Another California Heat Wave Will Bake Forests Already Primed to Burn | KQED","description":"Inland areas of California will broil this weekend, but the forecast for cities around the bay is warm, not uncomfortable.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Heat ","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1975707/another-california-heat-wave-will-bake-forests-already-primed-to-burn","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>May Gray, June Gloom, No-Sky July … whatever you call it, the marine layer and California’s coastal summer weather patterns are insulating the Bay Area from yet another punishing summer heat wave descending on the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While inland areas will broil this weekend, the forecast for cities around the bay is warm, but not uncomfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meteorologists are still sizing up the projections, and say the heat \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Weather_West/status/1412437780353847297\">isn’t likely to break all-time records\u003c/a> like the heatwave that cooked the Pacific Northwest last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carbon pollution is trapping heat and warming the planet, causing more frequent and severe heat waves, even as companies and governments continue to emit planet warming gases with little abatement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A pre-print study released Wednesday by an international group of climate researchers found that the Pacific Northwest heat wave would’ve been “virtually impossible without human-caused climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/\">World Weather Attribution\u003c/a> group produced the \u003ca href=\"https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/western-north-american-extreme-heat-virtually-impossible-without-human-caused-climate-change/\">rapid-turnaround modeling\u003c/a> of the extreme weather event. The researchers predict similar heat waves will be increasingly common in a warming world, although the conclusions have not yet been scrutinized through a peer review process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hidden away in coastal fog, residents of the inner Bay Area could almost forget that June saw \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/rgrahamwx/status/1411512917380435974?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">daily temperature records\u003c/a> crushed all across the state. For the Sierra and other interior regions of California, it was the hottest June in more than a century of record keeping, according to \u003ca href=\"https://weatherwest.com/archives/9899\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">climate scientists\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The baking continues. The National Weather Service issued a heat warning for the Bay Area region which lasts until Sunday, July 11. Residents of the far eastern parts of the region — Antioch, Brentwood, Napa and Livermore — face triple-digit temperatures, hotter nights and homes that likely won’t cool off in the evening, all of which compound to create \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1413098019562479616\">health dangers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1412857360977068036"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The good news for the Bay Area is that the marine layer will function as natural air conditioning for the coast, as it usually does this time of year. The bad news is that statewide, forests are extremely dry and vulnerable to wildfire. Scorching temps will likely only create more heightened risk of a big fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Heat Could Bring a ‘Significant Health Risk’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The incoming weather event — a couple days of heat brought on by a high pressure system moving in from the southeast — is fairly normal, said Jan Null, meteorologist with Golden Gate Weather Services, but cautioned that high temperatures can be dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we start seeing temperatures in the upper 90s and past 100, there is a significant health risk in people overexerting themselves, especially when they’re not acclimated to it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you live west of the East Bay Hills, or wear shorts when it’s 60 degrees out, that’s you, likely to be poorly acclimated to heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heatwave won’t extend to the coast “because there just isn’t enough offshore flow to overcome the strong marine influence this time of year and to fully suppress the marine layer,” wrote Daniel Swain, a climate scientist at UCLA’s Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, on his blog, \u003ca href=\"https://weatherwest.com/archives/9899\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">WeatherWest\u003c/a>. Most of the state’s population lives in places where cool ocean air provides some relief from summer heat, like the Bay Area, Los Angeles and San Diego metro regions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a pattern we’ve seen occur somewhat frequently in recent years, with searing heat inland yet quite mild conditions where the marine influence hangs on, and which also makes for a rather strange reality,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later in the season, when high pressure and hot air push toward the coast, effectively turning off the coast’s natural AC, the extreme temperatures will likely push out to the Pacific.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Hot Temperatures Intensify Already Bone Dry Conditions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This particular heat wave will bake an abnormally dry landscape, priming it further to burn. Much of the Bay Area is in an exceptional drought, the highest category on the \u003ca href=\"https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/CurrentMap/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. Drought Monitor\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Stephens, a forestry professor at UC Berkeley is seeing evidence of that first hand in the Plumas County town of Quincy, where he’s teaching a summer field course for undergraduates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said after several weeks of temperatures above 90 degrees, plants there are “already showing signs that look like August: leaves starting to shrivel, shutting shut down because moisture is being depleted by the heat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hot temperatures plus the combination of two years of below average precipitation this year is really worrisome because that lower moisture is going to make fire behavior more extreme, spread rates more extreme,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s typical for plants and trees to dry out in the summer in California’s Mediterranean climate, but not typically this fast, Stephens said. During the state’s last major drought, which lasted from 2012 to 2016, more than 120 million trees in the Sierra Nevada succumbed to bark beetles infestation and drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those stands of dead trees and dry timber fueled blazes like the Creek Fire, which ignited near Shaver Lake last September and burned for nearly four months, consuming an area larger than the city of Los Angeles, almost 600 square miles of forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephens notes that the northern tier of the Sierra has not yet experienced a similar tree die off during this drought, although he’s seeing an increase in bark beetle activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we put two more years of drought and warm conditions on this part of California, I’m afraid we might see the same kind of disaster,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephens blames decades of fire suppression and poor forest management for the larger fires in recent years, making parched land more vulnerable to extreme fire behavior. These policy failures are compounded by rising average summer temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You put climate change on top of [years of fire suppression] and it makes it worse,” he said. “We’ve got warmer periods, lower fuel moistures, snow melting earlier. All of this is contributing to what fire is doing,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1975707/another-california-heat-wave-will-bake-forests-already-primed-to-burn","authors":["11495"],"categories":["science_39","science_40","science_4450","science_98","science_3730"],"tags":["science_194","science_572","science_4417","science_2184","science_383","science_365"],"featImg":"science_1975714","label":"source_science_1975707"},"science_1974825":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1974825","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1974825","score":null,"sort":[1621451005000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-scorching-summer-looms-ahead-as-california-girds-against-power-outages","title":"A Scorching Summer Looms as California Girds Against Power Outages","publishDate":1621451005,"format":"standard","headTitle":"A Scorching Summer Looms as California Girds Against Power Outages | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">California’s top energy regulators on Tuesday said the state is better prepared to avoid last summer’s rotating blackouts, but they cautioned the power grid of the nation’s most populous state is still vulnerable to extreme heat waves that could force more outages later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">State officials say they have acquired an additional 3,500 megawatts of capacity ahead of a likely scorching summer that threatens to increase demand beyond what the grid can handle. That includes an additional 2,000 megawatts of batteries designed to store energy generated from renewable sources — like solar — that stop working when it gets dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11836990/pge-shutoffs-are-here-again-what-to-know-about-power-outages-today\">\u003cstrong>Related: How to Prepare for Power Outages in Your Area\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">In general, 1 megawatt of energy is enough to power hundreds of homes, depending on how it is generated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">“Does that mean we are in the clear? Not necessarily,” Elliot Mainzer, president and CEO of the California Independent System Operator, told state lawmakers during an oversight hearing Tuesday. “The most significant risk factor for grid reliability remains extreme heat, particularly heat that spreads across the wider western United States. And it continues to get hotter every year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">More than an inconvenience, power outages during a major heat wave can also be deadly for vulnerable people while causing a host of other problems in a digital age that relies on electricity for everything from business transactions to Facebook posts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">Blackouts have become more common in California as utility companies will often intentionally turn off the power when it gets too windy in the dry summer months to prevent toppled power lines from starting wildfires — like the one that killed 85 people and mostly destroyed the town of Paradise in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">But the blackouts in August were the first in nearly 20 years because of an energy shortage, putting California’s quest to have 100% of its energy come from renewable sources under more scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">“This summer will be an important test for the state,” said Assemblyman Chris Holden, a Democrat from Pasadena and chair of the Assembly Utilities and Energy Committee. “California is at the vanguard of renewable energy policy. The nation and the world are watching to see how we integrate renewables but also that we can ensure reliability while doing so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">California’s plan to survive the summer includes buying power from places “that are not clean resources,” Marybel Batjer, president of the California Public Utilities Commission, told lawmakers on Tuesday. She did not say what those sources were, but she said regulators chose to buy them because they wanted to do everything they could to prevent blackouts this summer out of “health and safety concerns.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">“I want to be clear that our planning and implementation of our clean energy future progresses forward and will only accelerate in the months and years to come,” Batjer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">Another round of blackouts could pose political concerns for Gov. Gavin Newsom, who will likely face a recall election later this year. In 2003, former Democratic Gov. Gray Davis was removed from office in a recall election largely driven by his handling of rolling blackouts, which were prompted by the deregulation of the energy sector and market manipulation by Enron and other companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">Newsom’s recall election is driven largely by anger over his handling of the pandemic. But rolling blackouts, however brief, could hurt him as he seeks to inspire confidence in voters that he deserves to keep his job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">Energy demand typically peaks in the late afternoon as air conditioners work to cool homes during the hottest part of the day. Demand usually subsides at night as temperatures cool. But that didn’t happen in August, when temperatures were up to 20 degrees above normal for much of the western United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">Demand was so high the weekend of Aug. 14 and 15 that state regulators ordered utility companies to intentionally turn off the power for some people to prevent more widespread outages across the grid, with outages lasting between 8 minutes and two-and-a-half hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">Newsom declared a state emergency as state officials took drastic actions to find more power. That included David Hochschild, chair of the California Energy Commission, asking the U.S. Navy to use their diesel engines to power their ships instead of relying from on-shore power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">“There was a lot of things we had to do that none of us wants to do again,” Batjer said.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California power regulators say the state is better prepared to avoid rotating blackouts, but the power grid is still vulnerable to extreme heat waves. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846598,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":2,"wordCount":765},"headData":{"title":"A Scorching Summer Looms as California Girds Against Power Outages | KQED","description":"California power regulators say the state is better prepared to avoid rotating blackouts, but the power grid is still vulnerable to extreme heat waves. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Associated Press","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Adam Beam \u003cbr />AP\u003cbr>","path":"/science/1974825/a-scorching-summer-looms-ahead-as-california-girds-against-power-outages","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">California’s top energy regulators on Tuesday said the state is better prepared to avoid last summer’s rotating blackouts, but they cautioned the power grid of the nation’s most populous state is still vulnerable to extreme heat waves that could force more outages later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">State officials say they have acquired an additional 3,500 megawatts of capacity ahead of a likely scorching summer that threatens to increase demand beyond what the grid can handle. That includes an additional 2,000 megawatts of batteries designed to store energy generated from renewable sources — like solar — that stop working when it gets dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11836990/pge-shutoffs-are-here-again-what-to-know-about-power-outages-today\">\u003cstrong>Related: How to Prepare for Power Outages in Your Area\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">In general, 1 megawatt of energy is enough to power hundreds of homes, depending on how it is generated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">“Does that mean we are in the clear? Not necessarily,” Elliot Mainzer, president and CEO of the California Independent System Operator, told state lawmakers during an oversight hearing Tuesday. “The most significant risk factor for grid reliability remains extreme heat, particularly heat that spreads across the wider western United States. And it continues to get hotter every year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">More than an inconvenience, power outages during a major heat wave can also be deadly for vulnerable people while causing a host of other problems in a digital age that relies on electricity for everything from business transactions to Facebook posts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">Blackouts have become more common in California as utility companies will often intentionally turn off the power when it gets too windy in the dry summer months to prevent toppled power lines from starting wildfires — like the one that killed 85 people and mostly destroyed the town of Paradise in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">But the blackouts in August were the first in nearly 20 years because of an energy shortage, putting California’s quest to have 100% of its energy come from renewable sources under more scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">“This summer will be an important test for the state,” said Assemblyman Chris Holden, a Democrat from Pasadena and chair of the Assembly Utilities and Energy Committee. “California is at the vanguard of renewable energy policy. The nation and the world are watching to see how we integrate renewables but also that we can ensure reliability while doing so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">California’s plan to survive the summer includes buying power from places “that are not clean resources,” Marybel Batjer, president of the California Public Utilities Commission, told lawmakers on Tuesday. She did not say what those sources were, but she said regulators chose to buy them because they wanted to do everything they could to prevent blackouts this summer out of “health and safety concerns.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">“I want to be clear that our planning and implementation of our clean energy future progresses forward and will only accelerate in the months and years to come,” Batjer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">Another round of blackouts could pose political concerns for Gov. Gavin Newsom, who will likely face a recall election later this year. In 2003, former Democratic Gov. Gray Davis was removed from office in a recall election largely driven by his handling of rolling blackouts, which were prompted by the deregulation of the energy sector and market manipulation by Enron and other companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">Newsom’s recall election is driven largely by anger over his handling of the pandemic. But rolling blackouts, however brief, could hurt him as he seeks to inspire confidence in voters that he deserves to keep his job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">Energy demand typically peaks in the late afternoon as air conditioners work to cool homes during the hottest part of the day. Demand usually subsides at night as temperatures cool. But that didn’t happen in August, when temperatures were up to 20 degrees above normal for much of the western United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">Demand was so high the weekend of Aug. 14 and 15 that state regulators ordered utility companies to intentionally turn off the power for some people to prevent more widespread outages across the grid, with outages lasting between 8 minutes and two-and-a-half hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">Newsom declared a state emergency as state officials took drastic actions to find more power. That included David Hochschild, chair of the California Energy Commission, asking the U.S. Navy to use their diesel engines to power their ships instead of relying from on-shore power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-85 Component-p-0-2-76\">“There was a lot of things we had to do that none of us wants to do again,” Batjer said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1974825/a-scorching-summer-looms-ahead-as-california-girds-against-power-outages","authors":["byline_science_1974825"],"categories":["science_33","science_35","science_40","science_4450","science_3730"],"tags":["science_4209","science_383"],"featImg":"science_1974827","label":"source_science_1974825"},"science_1945755":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1945755","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1945755","score":null,"sort":[1564245301000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"heat-wave-descends-on-east-bay-hills-and-i-80-corridor-this-weekend","title":"Heat Wave Descends on East Bay Hills and I-80 Corridor This Weekend","publishDate":1564245301,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Heat Wave Descends on East Bay Hills and I-80 Corridor This Weekend | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>After a relatively mild July, a potentially dangerous heat wave is expected to descend across a vast swath of East Bay and Central California cities and towns this weekend. The National Weather Service (NWS) has issued a heat advisory for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/mtr/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">East Bay\u003c/a> inland hills and valleys from Concord to Livermore; the \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/sto/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">I-80 corridor\u003c/a> from Vallejo out past Sacramento into El Dorado County; and for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">450-mile stretch\u003c/a> between Bakersfield and Redding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weather officials expect the heat to start up Saturday morning by 11, and last through 11 p.m. Sunday. With temperatures reaching 105 degrees in the East Bay and 109 degrees in the Central Valley, NWS meteorologist Spencer Tangen says people need to be ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ll have to watch out for these hot temperatures,” he said, “and think about what they can do to prepare for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Widespread 90s and 100s are forecast this afternoon across inland valleys and interior locations 🌡️. Stay safe out there, and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/BeatTheHeat?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#BeatTheHeat\u003c/a>! \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/CAwx?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#CAwx\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/CAheat?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#CAheat\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/h7pRWiateN\">pic.twitter.com/h7pRWiateN\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— NWS Bay Area (@NWSBayArea) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1155091433789018112?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 27, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Tangen says it’s important to stay hydrated, reschedule any outside work or exercise to the morning if possible, and avoid high midday temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People without access to air conditioning or a pool can find themselves in a dangerous situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933237/investigation-finds-home-can-be-the-most-dangerous-place-in-a-heat-wave\">KQED investigation\u003c/a> of home temperatures in Antioch and other places around the Bay Area last summer found that staying inside all day and night in a home without air conditioning can be the worst thing to do in a heat wave; every home we measured stayed hotter inside than outside — as much as 15 to 20 degrees hotter. And they stayed hot well into the night, when people’s bodies need to cool off to prevent heat from building up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To protect yourself, seek out public areas with air conditioning such as malls, grocery stores or libraries, and check out \u003ca href=\"https://www.kron4.com/news/bay-area/list-cooling-centers-around-the-bay-area/\">this list\u003c/a> of cooling centers near the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSSacramento/status/1154799593516883968\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State public health officials also recommend checking on neighbors and vulnerable people such as the elderly, small children, those who live alone, and those with chronic illness (check out \u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heat-stroke/symptoms-causes/syc-20353581\">this list\u003c/a> to learn which medications and conditions might make you especially susceptible to heat-related illnesses).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1945764\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-800x1035.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"442\" height=\"572\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-800x1035.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-160x207.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-768x994.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-1020x1320.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-927x1200.jpg 927w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness.jpg 1275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 442px) 100vw, 442px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health officials say everyone should know how to recognize the signs of heat exhaustion (dizziness, excessive sweating, cramps, and nausea) and the more medically threatening condition, heat stroke (headache, rapid breathing, nausea, a racing heart rate, and absence of sweating).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of heat exhaustion, move to a cool place, air-conditioned if possible, and drink plenty of water. If you suspect heat stroke, call 9-1-1 immediately and keep yourself or the other person cool until help arrives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CAPublicHealth/status/1153689725670047744\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meteorologist Tangen says this weekend’s heat wave is caused by an area of high pressure sweeping over the region. In contrast to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11753427/first-heat-wave-of-the-year-hits-bay-area\">June’s heat wave,\u003c/a> temperatures around San Francisco Bay will stay slightly cooler this weekend. Tangen says this is because of a weather pattern called offshore flow, in which cooling winds blow from the ocean to the land and act as “natural air conditioning.” The inland areas where temperatures are expected to climb higher do not receive the cooling effects of offshore flow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heat wave is expected to be over late Sunday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Temperatures aren't expected to fall low enough at night for people's bodies to cool off and recover, making it all the more important to stay cool during the day.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848463,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":580},"headData":{"title":"Heat Wave Descends on East Bay Hills and I-80 Corridor This Weekend | KQED","description":"Temperatures aren't expected to fall low enough at night for people's bodies to cool off and recover, making it all the more important to stay cool during the day.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/1945755/heat-wave-descends-on-east-bay-hills-and-i-80-corridor-this-weekend","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After a relatively mild July, a potentially dangerous heat wave is expected to descend across a vast swath of East Bay and Central California cities and towns this weekend. The National Weather Service (NWS) has issued a heat advisory for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/mtr/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">East Bay\u003c/a> inland hills and valleys from Concord to Livermore; the \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/sto/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">I-80 corridor\u003c/a> from Vallejo out past Sacramento into El Dorado County; and for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">450-mile stretch\u003c/a> between Bakersfield and Redding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weather officials expect the heat to start up Saturday morning by 11, and last through 11 p.m. Sunday. With temperatures reaching 105 degrees in the East Bay and 109 degrees in the Central Valley, NWS meteorologist Spencer Tangen says people need to be ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ll have to watch out for these hot temperatures,” he said, “and think about what they can do to prepare for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Widespread 90s and 100s are forecast this afternoon across inland valleys and interior locations 🌡️. Stay safe out there, and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/BeatTheHeat?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#BeatTheHeat\u003c/a>! \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/CAwx?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#CAwx\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/CAheat?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#CAheat\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/h7pRWiateN\">pic.twitter.com/h7pRWiateN\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— NWS Bay Area (@NWSBayArea) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1155091433789018112?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 27, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Tangen says it’s important to stay hydrated, reschedule any outside work or exercise to the morning if possible, and avoid high midday temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People without access to air conditioning or a pool can find themselves in a dangerous situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933237/investigation-finds-home-can-be-the-most-dangerous-place-in-a-heat-wave\">KQED investigation\u003c/a> of home temperatures in Antioch and other places around the Bay Area last summer found that staying inside all day and night in a home without air conditioning can be the worst thing to do in a heat wave; every home we measured stayed hotter inside than outside — as much as 15 to 20 degrees hotter. And they stayed hot well into the night, when people’s bodies need to cool off to prevent heat from building up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To protect yourself, seek out public areas with air conditioning such as malls, grocery stores or libraries, and check out \u003ca href=\"https://www.kron4.com/news/bay-area/list-cooling-centers-around-the-bay-area/\">this list\u003c/a> of cooling centers near the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1154799593516883968"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>State public health officials also recommend checking on neighbors and vulnerable people such as the elderly, small children, those who live alone, and those with chronic illness (check out \u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heat-stroke/symptoms-causes/syc-20353581\">this list\u003c/a> to learn which medications and conditions might make you especially susceptible to heat-related illnesses).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1945764\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-800x1035.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"442\" height=\"572\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-800x1035.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-160x207.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-768x994.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-1020x1320.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-927x1200.jpg 927w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness.jpg 1275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 442px) 100vw, 442px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health officials say everyone should know how to recognize the signs of heat exhaustion (dizziness, excessive sweating, cramps, and nausea) and the more medically threatening condition, heat stroke (headache, rapid breathing, nausea, a racing heart rate, and absence of sweating).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of heat exhaustion, move to a cool place, air-conditioned if possible, and drink plenty of water. If you suspect heat stroke, call 9-1-1 immediately and keep yourself or the other person cool until help arrives.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1153689725670047744"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Meteorologist Tangen says this weekend’s heat wave is caused by an area of high pressure sweeping over the region. In contrast to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11753427/first-heat-wave-of-the-year-hits-bay-area\">June’s heat wave,\u003c/a> temperatures around San Francisco Bay will stay slightly cooler this weekend. Tangen says this is because of a weather pattern called offshore flow, in which cooling winds blow from the ocean to the land and act as “natural air conditioning.” The inland areas where temperatures are expected to climb higher do not receive the cooling effects of offshore flow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heat wave is expected to be over late Sunday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1945755/heat-wave-descends-on-east-bay-hills-and-i-80-corridor-this-weekend","authors":["11615"],"categories":["science_31","science_39","science_40"],"tags":["science_3370","science_3832","science_383","science_3830","science_365"],"featImg":"science_979660","label":"science"},"science_1944593":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1944593","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1944593","score":null,"sort":[1562197171000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"interview-researcher-on-bodega-bay-mussel-die-off","title":"Interview: Researcher on Bodega Bay Mussel Die-Off","publishDate":1562197171,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Interview: Researcher on Bodega Bay Mussel Die-Off | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Jackie Sones knows the area around Bodega way really well. As a research coordinator with the Bodega Marine Reserve, she visits the shoreline nearly every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On June 18, she saw something she’d never seen before: hundreds or maybe thousands of dead mussels along the shores of Bodega Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been working here for about 15 years,” she said. “We have seen mussel die-offs in small patches in the intertidal zone, but nothing like this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>Researchers think the death of so many mussels in Bodega Bay was caused by a heat wave that hit the Bay Area June 8-11. According to a European satellite agency, temperatures last month worldwide were the hottest in June on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effects of warming waters on marine life has been widely studied, but researchers say it’s less common to see such organisms dying from hot coastal air, which is suspected in this case.\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sones, who wrote about the mussel die-off on her \u003ca href=\"https://bodegahead.blogspot.com/2019/06/too-hot.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blog\u003c/a>, spoke with KQED Host \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/minakim\">Mina Kim\u003c/a> on the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101872002/researchers-june-heatwave-baked-local-mussels\">Forum\u003c/a>” radio program Wednesday. They were joined by Eric Simons, digital editor of Bay Nature magazine, who wrote that the June heat wave \u003ca href=\"https://baynature.org/2019/06/26/californias-early-june-heat-wave-cooked-coastal-mussels-in-place/\">cooked the mussels\u003c/a> in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are excerpts of Sones’ and Simons’ answers, edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>Do you know when this happened?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jackie Sones:\u003c/strong> It’s likely that it was that June 9-11 period. The air temperatures were far above normal. It was over 20 or 25 degrees higher than normal for that time of year. We believe that that those higher temperatures, combined with mid-day low tides, contributed to the mortalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>How is it that that air temperature, about 75 degrees or so, was able to affect these mussels so badly?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Eric Simons\u003c/strong>: It’s not really the air temperature; it’s the temperature of the rock, the surface they’re on. On a 75-degree day, the rock can be 100 degrees or 105 degrees and the mussels are trying to vent that hot air; they’re trying to to get rid of it, but the seabreeze we usually get was gone. They just sit and they cook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>Don’t mussels have a way of dealing with this? There are hotter months than June for the coast.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>JS:\u003c/strong> We see quite warm air temperatures in late summer and early fall. However, the timing of the low tides is different [stranding them out of water]. And also there is some aspect to this that might be related to the shock of an extreme-heat day, where there’s nothing leading up to that and all of a sudden you just have a super-high temperature and the animals aren’t prepared for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Do we know the geographic extent of the die-off? \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ES: \u003c/strong> There was a study going on for quite a while where they had sensors out in the mussel beds to track the temperatures up and down the West Coast. That study ran out of money two years ago. It’s fortunate even that that Jackie was out and noticed and saw this — it takes observers who are out and are paying attention and know what they’re seeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>How important are mussels to the marine ecosystem?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>JS:\u003c/strong> Mussels are amazing. They’re a very important foundation species. That’s similar to the trees in the forest, or kelp in a kelp forest, or corals for a coral reef. These animals provide a lot of habitat and shelter for many different animals. In the case of mussel beds, if you look at one particular site you might find over 300 different species living within the mussel bed. So they’re a critical species along the shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Was the June heat wave a result of climate change? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>ES:\u003c/strong> It makes it more likely, certainly. You have this bad luck event, the low tide was during the middle of the day, when it was really hot outside and that that’s what baked them and killed them. These are animals that if this happened some other time when the low tide was at four in the morning it wouldn’t have been a problem. Climate change makes it more likely that you get heat waves earlier,\u003cem> \u003c/em>even in March and in April.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Researchers think that a die-off of potentially thousands of mussels in Bodega Bay was caused by a summer heat wave. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848533,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":756},"headData":{"title":"Interview: Researcher on Bodega Bay Mussel Die-Off | KQED","description":"Researchers think that a die-off of potentially thousands of mussels in Bodega Bay was caused by a summer heat wave. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Climate change","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1944593/interview-researcher-on-bodega-bay-mussel-die-off","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Jackie Sones knows the area around Bodega way really well. As a research coordinator with the Bodega Marine Reserve, she visits the shoreline nearly every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On June 18, she saw something she’d never seen before: hundreds or maybe thousands of dead mussels along the shores of Bodega Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been working here for about 15 years,” she said. “We have seen mussel die-offs in small patches in the intertidal zone, but nothing like this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>Researchers think the death of so many mussels in Bodega Bay was caused by a heat wave that hit the Bay Area June 8-11. According to a European satellite agency, temperatures last month worldwide were the hottest in June on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effects of warming waters on marine life has been widely studied, but researchers say it’s less common to see such organisms dying from hot coastal air, which is suspected in this case.\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sones, who wrote about the mussel die-off on her \u003ca href=\"https://bodegahead.blogspot.com/2019/06/too-hot.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blog\u003c/a>, spoke with KQED Host \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/minakim\">Mina Kim\u003c/a> on the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101872002/researchers-june-heatwave-baked-local-mussels\">Forum\u003c/a>” radio program Wednesday. They were joined by Eric Simons, digital editor of Bay Nature magazine, who wrote that the June heat wave \u003ca href=\"https://baynature.org/2019/06/26/californias-early-june-heat-wave-cooked-coastal-mussels-in-place/\">cooked the mussels\u003c/a> in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are excerpts of Sones’ and Simons’ answers, edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>Do you know when this happened?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jackie Sones:\u003c/strong> It’s likely that it was that June 9-11 period. The air temperatures were far above normal. It was over 20 or 25 degrees higher than normal for that time of year. We believe that that those higher temperatures, combined with mid-day low tides, contributed to the mortalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>How is it that that air temperature, about 75 degrees or so, was able to affect these mussels so badly?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Eric Simons\u003c/strong>: It’s not really the air temperature; it’s the temperature of the rock, the surface they’re on. On a 75-degree day, the rock can be 100 degrees or 105 degrees and the mussels are trying to vent that hot air; they’re trying to to get rid of it, but the seabreeze we usually get was gone. They just sit and they cook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>Don’t mussels have a way of dealing with this? There are hotter months than June for the coast.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>JS:\u003c/strong> We see quite warm air temperatures in late summer and early fall. However, the timing of the low tides is different [stranding them out of water]. And also there is some aspect to this that might be related to the shock of an extreme-heat day, where there’s nothing leading up to that and all of a sudden you just have a super-high temperature and the animals aren’t prepared for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Do we know the geographic extent of the die-off? \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ES: \u003c/strong> There was a study going on for quite a while where they had sensors out in the mussel beds to track the temperatures up and down the West Coast. That study ran out of money two years ago. It’s fortunate even that that Jackie was out and noticed and saw this — it takes observers who are out and are paying attention and know what they’re seeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>How important are mussels to the marine ecosystem?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>JS:\u003c/strong> Mussels are amazing. They’re a very important foundation species. That’s similar to the trees in the forest, or kelp in a kelp forest, or corals for a coral reef. These animals provide a lot of habitat and shelter for many different animals. In the case of mussel beds, if you look at one particular site you might find over 300 different species living within the mussel bed. So they’re a critical species along the shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Was the June heat wave a result of climate change? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>ES:\u003c/strong> It makes it more likely, certainly. You have this bad luck event, the low tide was during the middle of the day, when it was really hot outside and that that’s what baked them and killed them. These are animals that if this happened some other time when the low tide was at four in the morning it wouldn’t have been a problem. Climate change makes it more likely that you get heat waves earlier,\u003cem> \u003c/em>even in March and in April.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1944593/interview-researcher-on-bodega-bay-mussel-die-off","authors":["11608"],"categories":["science_2874","science_35","science_40","science_2873","science_98"],"tags":["science_3840","science_383","science_3830"],"featImg":"science_1944612","label":"source_science_1944593"},"science_1928476":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1928476","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1928476","score":null,"sort":[1533225636000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"wowzers-death-valley-sets-tentative-world-record-for-hottest-month","title":"Wowzers! Death Valley Sets Tentative World Record for Hottest Month","publishDate":1533225636,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Wowzers! Death Valley Sets Tentative World Record for Hottest Month | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>The natural furnace of California’s Death Valley was on full broil in July, tentatively setting a world record for hottest month ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The month’s average temperature was 108.1 degrees, said Todd Lericos, a meteorologist in the Las Vegas office of the National Weather Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That roasted the previous record, set in Death Valley in July 2017 when the average was 107.4 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It eclipsed the record by quite a bit,” Lericos said, adding that the data is considered preliminary and needs to be reviewed before it goes into official record books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The temperatures are measured at Furnace Creek in Death Valley National Park, a vast, austere and rugged landscape in the desert of southeastern California that includes Badwater Basin, which at 282 feet (85.9 meters) below sea level is the lowest point in North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The valley got its morbid name from a group of pioneers who got lost there in 1849-1850 and thought it would be the end, according to the National Park Service. Only one died, however, before they found their way out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summer heat is so routinely extreme that tourists are warned to drink at least a gallon of water each day, carry additional water in their cars, stay close to their vehicles and watch themselves and others for dizziness, nausea and other symptoms of potentially deadly heat illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visitors are urged to “travel prepared to survive,” avoid hiking at low elevations and return to their air-conditioned cars for a cool-down after just 10 to 15 minutes of exposure outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And amid the heat, thunderstorms bring the threat of flash floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The location holds the world record for highest temperature ever recorded — 134 degrees — set on July 10, 1913.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with that history, July was exceptional as a weather pattern stoked temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A very persistent high pressure system set up over the Southwest, restricting the movement of air vertically in the atmosphere and creating a heat wave, Lericos said. “It was fairly intense for this time of year,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the extreme conditions were four consecutive days reaching a high of 127 degrees and overnight lows that remained over the century mark.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The preliminary data eclipses the record set in Death Valley in July 2017 when the average was 107.4 degrees.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927618,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":377},"headData":{"title":"Wowzers! Death Valley Sets Tentative World Record for Hottest Month | KQED","description":"The preliminary data eclipses the record set in Death Valley in July 2017 when the average was 107.4 degrees.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"The Associated Press","path":"/science/1928476/wowzers-death-valley-sets-tentative-world-record-for-hottest-month","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The natural furnace of California’s Death Valley was on full broil in July, tentatively setting a world record for hottest month ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The month’s average temperature was 108.1 degrees, said Todd Lericos, a meteorologist in the Las Vegas office of the National Weather Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That roasted the previous record, set in Death Valley in July 2017 when the average was 107.4 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It eclipsed the record by quite a bit,” Lericos said, adding that the data is considered preliminary and needs to be reviewed before it goes into official record books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The temperatures are measured at Furnace Creek in Death Valley National Park, a vast, austere and rugged landscape in the desert of southeastern California that includes Badwater Basin, which at 282 feet (85.9 meters) below sea level is the lowest point in North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The valley got its morbid name from a group of pioneers who got lost there in 1849-1850 and thought it would be the end, according to the National Park Service. Only one died, however, before they found their way out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summer heat is so routinely extreme that tourists are warned to drink at least a gallon of water each day, carry additional water in their cars, stay close to their vehicles and watch themselves and others for dizziness, nausea and other symptoms of potentially deadly heat illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visitors are urged to “travel prepared to survive,” avoid hiking at low elevations and return to their air-conditioned cars for a cool-down after just 10 to 15 minutes of exposure outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And amid the heat, thunderstorms bring the threat of flash floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The location holds the world record for highest temperature ever recorded — 134 degrees — set on July 10, 1913.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with that history, July was exceptional as a weather pattern stoked temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A very persistent high pressure system set up over the Southwest, restricting the movement of air vertically in the atmosphere and creating a heat wave, Lericos said. “It was fairly intense for this time of year,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the extreme conditions were four consecutive days reaching a high of 127 degrees and overnight lows that remained over the century mark.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1928476/wowzers-death-valley-sets-tentative-world-record-for-hottest-month","authors":["byline_science_1928476"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_194","science_192","science_383"],"featImg":"science_1928478","label":"science"},"science_603140":{"type":"posts","id":"science_603140","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"603140","score":null,"sort":[1459189722000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"pacific-ocean-pattern-could-predict-u-s-heat-waves","title":"Pacific Ocean Pattern Could Predict U.S. Heat Waves","publishDate":1459189722,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Pacific Ocean Pattern Could Predict U.S. Heat Waves | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>In the summer of 2012, a series of punishing heat waves roasted a large portion of the U.S. with \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/2012-heat-wave-rolls-on-as-July-warmest-month-on-record-14773\">record-breaking temperatures\u003c/a> that helped spawn one of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/2012-drought-inches-up-in-us-historical-rankings-14818\">most widespread and costliest droughts\u003c/a> to hit the country in decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Combined, the blistering temperatures and drought cost some $31.5 billion and led to dozens of deaths. The heat was so intense that it melted roads and airport runways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”55yb5ocAOi72b5skbecQTqbNo12PsiS8″]In May of that year, when the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration issued its forecast for the summer, it had \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/lack-of-warning-on-2012-us-drought-reflects-flaws-in-forecasting-14823\">predicted normal temperatures\u003c/a> for the Midwest and Northeast — a forecast that clearly fell short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such seasonal forecasting is notoriously difficult, but a new study detailed Monday in the journal \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/ngeo2687\">Nature Geoscience\u003c/a> points to a way to potentially better predict the type of \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/extreme-heat-climate-change-19641\">extreme heat\u003c/a> that engulfed the country that summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By identifying a pattern of Pacific Ocean temperatures that seems to precede major heat events in the eastern U.S., the study could help forecasters give farmers, cities and utilities more time to prepare. Such early warnings will become more and more critical as the world continues to warm and heat waves become more frequent and more intense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been very hard to get accurate, long lead-time prediction,” \u003ca href=\"https://earth.stanford.edu/noah-diffenbaugh\">Noah Diffenbaugh\u003c/a>, a climate scientist at Stanford University who wasn’t involved with the research, said. “This paper is kind of extending our potential to have this longer time-scale predictability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Ocean Pattern Pops Up\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://staff.ucar.edu/users/mckinnon\">Karen McKinnon\u003c/a> and her colleagues found the connection to Pacific Ocean temperatures by first looking at daily temperature data for the period from late June to late August from 1,613 weather stations across the U.S. going back to 1982. They divided the country into broad regions that tend to experience extreme heat at the same time. (A day with extreme heat was defined as one where the warmest 5 percent of weather stations in the region had temperatures at least 11.7°F, or 6.5°C, above average.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They focused on the largest grouping to emerge, which spanned from the Midwest down into the Southeast and up the coast to the Northeast. That area coincides with major population centers, as well as key farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers then looked to see if those days of extreme heat tended to correspond with any particular patterns of sea surface temperatures in the North Pacific. One pattern “just popped up super clearly,” McKinnon, a postdoctoral researcher at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo., said. In an area spanning the breadth of the ocean basin and roughly the same latitudes as the U.S., they found cooler-than-normal waters to the north butted up against warmer-than-normal waters to the south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And not only did the pattern show up at the same time as the extreme heat in the eastern U.S., the team could trace it back in time to before the heat wave hit and use it to predict the likelihood of the extreme hot weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers found the ocean pattern could be used to predict increased odds for extreme heat in the broad region up to 50 days out, with the skill of the predictions increasing closer to the event as the ocean pattern evolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team used the pattern to do a “hindcast” of the punishing summer of 2012, and were able to predict increased odds of extreme heat for the end of June as early as mid-May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pattern could also be used to predict extreme heat for some individual stations, the team found, mostly in a region in the middle of the country. The clearer connection there is likely due to the fact that the domes of hot air associated with heat waves tend to be centered on that area, McKinnon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly why the ocean pattern and extreme eastern U.S. heat are connected isn’t yet clear. The two main ideas, McKinnon said, are that the ocean pattern is influencing the atmosphere in a way that leads to the eventual heat dome buildup, or that both the ocean pattern and the heat dome are caused by some other third factor. McKinnon and her colleagues are working now with computer models to “try and tease apart a little bit more” what’s happening, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Good Case Study’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>One of the clearest implications of the \u003ca href=\"http://wxshift.com/climate-change/climate-indicators/global-temperature\">overall warming of the planet\u003c/a> as greenhouse gases trap more and more heat in the atmosphere is that heat waves will \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/searing-heat-waves-could-become-annual-threat-20066\">become more common and more intense\u003c/a>, raising concerns about future impacts to agriculture, infrastructure and vulnerable populations. Such concerns could make long-term predictions particularly valuable in the future because “we can make decisions about how to manage risk,” Diffenbaugh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One hurdle to jump, though, is to try to use this ocean pattern to make forecasts in real-time “to see if it really works,”\u003ca href=\"http://mikeventrice.weebly.com/\">Michael Ventrice\u003c/a>, an operational meteorologist with the Weather Company, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKinnon and her team are planning to do just that this year, possibly starting sometime in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, the models that Ventrice and other seasonal forecasters use are predicting one of the hottest summers in recent years. The ocean pattern that McKinnon and her colleagues identified, though, is flipped, which would tend to suggest cooler summer weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a good case study,” Ventrice, who was not involved with the research, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously it’s a little bit scary,” McKinnon said of doing real-time forecasts, because even if their forecast track record is good across many years, it could be off for a particular year. Other myriad climate factors play a role in the weather, and any one of them could overwhelm the Pacific Ocean connection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there’s still work to do to understand and firm up the link between extreme heat and Pacific Ocean temperature patterns, the possibility is intriguing because “we’re always looking for better ways” to extend seasonal predictions, Ventrice said.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704930430,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":1037},"headData":{"title":"Pacific Ocean Pattern Could Predict U.S. Heat Waves | KQED","description":"In the summer of 2012, a series of punishing heat waves roasted a large portion of the U.S. with record-breaking temperatures that helped spawn one of the most widespread and costliest droughts to hit the country in decades. Combined, the blistering temperatures and drought cost some $31.5 billion and led to dozens of deaths. The","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/what-we-do/people/andrea-thompson\">Andrea Thompson\u003c/a>, Climate Central","path":"/science/603140/pacific-ocean-pattern-could-predict-u-s-heat-waves","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the summer of 2012, a series of punishing heat waves roasted a large portion of the U.S. with \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/2012-heat-wave-rolls-on-as-July-warmest-month-on-record-14773\">record-breaking temperatures\u003c/a> that helped spawn one of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/2012-drought-inches-up-in-us-historical-rankings-14818\">most widespread and costliest droughts\u003c/a> to hit the country in decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Combined, the blistering temperatures and drought cost some $31.5 billion and led to dozens of deaths. The heat was so intense that it melted roads and airport runways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>In May of that year, when the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration issued its forecast for the summer, it had \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/lack-of-warning-on-2012-us-drought-reflects-flaws-in-forecasting-14823\">predicted normal temperatures\u003c/a> for the Midwest and Northeast — a forecast that clearly fell short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such seasonal forecasting is notoriously difficult, but a new study detailed Monday in the journal \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/ngeo2687\">Nature Geoscience\u003c/a> points to a way to potentially better predict the type of \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/extreme-heat-climate-change-19641\">extreme heat\u003c/a> that engulfed the country that summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By identifying a pattern of Pacific Ocean temperatures that seems to precede major heat events in the eastern U.S., the study could help forecasters give farmers, cities and utilities more time to prepare. Such early warnings will become more and more critical as the world continues to warm and heat waves become more frequent and more intense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been very hard to get accurate, long lead-time prediction,” \u003ca href=\"https://earth.stanford.edu/noah-diffenbaugh\">Noah Diffenbaugh\u003c/a>, a climate scientist at Stanford University who wasn’t involved with the research, said. “This paper is kind of extending our potential to have this longer time-scale predictability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Ocean Pattern Pops Up\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://staff.ucar.edu/users/mckinnon\">Karen McKinnon\u003c/a> and her colleagues found the connection to Pacific Ocean temperatures by first looking at daily temperature data for the period from late June to late August from 1,613 weather stations across the U.S. going back to 1982. They divided the country into broad regions that tend to experience extreme heat at the same time. (A day with extreme heat was defined as one where the warmest 5 percent of weather stations in the region had temperatures at least 11.7°F, or 6.5°C, above average.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They focused on the largest grouping to emerge, which spanned from the Midwest down into the Southeast and up the coast to the Northeast. That area coincides with major population centers, as well as key farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers then looked to see if those days of extreme heat tended to correspond with any particular patterns of sea surface temperatures in the North Pacific. One pattern “just popped up super clearly,” McKinnon, a postdoctoral researcher at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo., said. In an area spanning the breadth of the ocean basin and roughly the same latitudes as the U.S., they found cooler-than-normal waters to the north butted up against warmer-than-normal waters to the south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And not only did the pattern show up at the same time as the extreme heat in the eastern U.S., the team could trace it back in time to before the heat wave hit and use it to predict the likelihood of the extreme hot weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers found the ocean pattern could be used to predict increased odds for extreme heat in the broad region up to 50 days out, with the skill of the predictions increasing closer to the event as the ocean pattern evolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team used the pattern to do a “hindcast” of the punishing summer of 2012, and were able to predict increased odds of extreme heat for the end of June as early as mid-May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pattern could also be used to predict extreme heat for some individual stations, the team found, mostly in a region in the middle of the country. The clearer connection there is likely due to the fact that the domes of hot air associated with heat waves tend to be centered on that area, McKinnon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly why the ocean pattern and extreme eastern U.S. heat are connected isn’t yet clear. The two main ideas, McKinnon said, are that the ocean pattern is influencing the atmosphere in a way that leads to the eventual heat dome buildup, or that both the ocean pattern and the heat dome are caused by some other third factor. McKinnon and her colleagues are working now with computer models to “try and tease apart a little bit more” what’s happening, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Good Case Study’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>One of the clearest implications of the \u003ca href=\"http://wxshift.com/climate-change/climate-indicators/global-temperature\">overall warming of the planet\u003c/a> as greenhouse gases trap more and more heat in the atmosphere is that heat waves will \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/searing-heat-waves-could-become-annual-threat-20066\">become more common and more intense\u003c/a>, raising concerns about future impacts to agriculture, infrastructure and vulnerable populations. Such concerns could make long-term predictions particularly valuable in the future because “we can make decisions about how to manage risk,” Diffenbaugh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One hurdle to jump, though, is to try to use this ocean pattern to make forecasts in real-time “to see if it really works,”\u003ca href=\"http://mikeventrice.weebly.com/\">Michael Ventrice\u003c/a>, an operational meteorologist with the Weather Company, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKinnon and her team are planning to do just that this year, possibly starting sometime in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, the models that Ventrice and other seasonal forecasters use are predicting one of the hottest summers in recent years. The ocean pattern that McKinnon and her colleagues identified, though, is flipped, which would tend to suggest cooler summer weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a good case study,” Ventrice, who was not involved with the research, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously it’s a little bit scary,” McKinnon said of doing real-time forecasts, because even if their forecast track record is good across many years, it could be off for a particular year. Other myriad climate factors play a role in the weather, and any one of them could overwhelm the Pacific Ocean connection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there’s still work to do to understand and firm up the link between extreme heat and Pacific Ocean temperature patterns, the possibility is intriguing because “we’re always looking for better ways” to extend seasonal predictions, Ventrice said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/603140/pacific-ocean-pattern-could-predict-u-s-heat-waves","authors":["byline_science_603140"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_1678","science_383"],"featImg":"science_603223","label":"science"},"science_4982":{"type":"posts","id":"science_4982","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"4982","score":null,"sort":[1372725707000]},"guestAuthors":[{"ID":"4400","displayName":"Mike Osborne","firstName":"Mike","lastName":"Osborne","userLogin":"mike-osborne","userEmail":"mosborne@kqed.org","linkedAccount":"mosborne","website":"","description":"Mike Osborne is currently finishing his PhD at Stanford where he studies climate change in the tropical Pacific. In his research he uses coral-based records (similar to tree rings) to examine El Nino and La Nina cycles over the past few centuries. Mike also created and co-produces the \u003ca href=\"https://www.stanford.edu/group/anthropocene/cgi-bin/wordpress/\">Generation Anthropocene\u003c/a> podcast which features interviews and stories covering a wide range of 21st Century global change issues. He loves travel and is always looking for a reason to be outside.","userNicename":"mike-osborne","type":"guest-author","nickname":""}],"slug":"california-simmers-as-heat-wave-settles-in","title":"California Simmers as Heat Wave Settles In","publishDate":1372725707,"format":"aside","headTitle":"California Simmers as Heat Wave Settles In | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Temperatures in parts of the Bay Area topped a hundred degrees Monday, with more hot weather expected this week. The National Weather Service has issued an excessive heat warning for Northern California effective through the July 4\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> holiday. Cities including \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2013/07/01/5536125/sacramento-opens-cooling-centers.htmlhttp://www.sacbee.com/2013/07/01/5536125/sacramento-opens-cooling-centers.html\">Sacramento\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/san-jose-neighborhoods/ci_23579185/cambrian-residents-offered-cooling-off-center\">San Jose\u003c/a> are running cooling centers for residents seeking relief from the heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are seeing triple-digit temperatures all the way from south of Mount Shasta to Bakersfield and inland California,” said meteorologist Drew Peterson of the National Weather Service. “And we are expecting triple-digit temperatures to continue throughout most of the Valley through Friday.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northern Californians aren’t sweating it out alone. The high pressure system causing this heat wave extends from Arizona and Nevada all the way into Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4987\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4987\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/deathvalley-e1372724869280.jpg\" alt=\"Bust it Away Photography/Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/bustitaway/8123665726/in/photostream/\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Death Valley may break its own record for hottest place on Earth. (Bust it Away Photography/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And while prolonged triple-digit temperatures are unusual for Northern California, periods of extreme heat have occurred in the recent past. “The last time we had something like this was in 2006,” said Peterson. “There were about 163 deaths here in California, and anywhere from 250,000 to a million livestock were lost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile tourists in Death Valley are watching the thermometer, hoping to witness the \u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlanticwire.com/national/2013/06/death-valley-furnace-creek-heat-record-temperature/66693/\">highest temperature\u003c/a> ever recorded on Earth. Temperatures on Sunday tied the Death Valley record for the month of June. Death Valley holds the current world record at 134 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heat wave will reach a peak on Tuesday or Wednesday, and meteorologists expect it to subside by the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Temperatures in parts of the Bay Area topped a hundred degrees Monday, with more hot weather expected this week. The National Weather Service issued an excessive heat warning for Northern California effective through July 4th. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704935539,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":268},"headData":{"title":"California Simmers as Heat Wave Settles In | KQED","description":"Temperatures in parts of the Bay Area topped a hundred degrees Monday, with more hot weather expected this week. The National Weather Service issued an excessive heat warning for Northern California effective through July 4th. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/4982/california-simmers-as-heat-wave-settles-in","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Temperatures in parts of the Bay Area topped a hundred degrees Monday, with more hot weather expected this week. The National Weather Service has issued an excessive heat warning for Northern California effective through the July 4\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> holiday. Cities including \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2013/07/01/5536125/sacramento-opens-cooling-centers.htmlhttp://www.sacbee.com/2013/07/01/5536125/sacramento-opens-cooling-centers.html\">Sacramento\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/san-jose-neighborhoods/ci_23579185/cambrian-residents-offered-cooling-off-center\">San Jose\u003c/a> are running cooling centers for residents seeking relief from the heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are seeing triple-digit temperatures all the way from south of Mount Shasta to Bakersfield and inland California,” said meteorologist Drew Peterson of the National Weather Service. “And we are expecting triple-digit temperatures to continue throughout most of the Valley through Friday.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northern Californians aren’t sweating it out alone. The high pressure system causing this heat wave extends from Arizona and Nevada all the way into Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4987\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4987\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/deathvalley-e1372724869280.jpg\" alt=\"Bust it Away Photography/Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/bustitaway/8123665726/in/photostream/\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Death Valley may break its own record for hottest place on Earth. (Bust it Away Photography/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And while prolonged triple-digit temperatures are unusual for Northern California, periods of extreme heat have occurred in the recent past. “The last time we had something like this was in 2006,” said Peterson. “There were about 163 deaths here in California, and anywhere from 250,000 to a million livestock were lost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile tourists in Death Valley are watching the thermometer, hoping to witness the \u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlanticwire.com/national/2013/06/death-valley-furnace-creek-heat-record-temperature/66693/\">highest temperature\u003c/a> ever recorded on Earth. Temperatures on Sunday tied the Death Valley record for the month of June. Death Valley holds the current world record at 134 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heat wave will reach a peak on Tuesday or Wednesday, and meteorologists expect it to subside by the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/4982/california-simmers-as-heat-wave-settles-in","authors":["4400"],"categories":["science_31","science_40"],"tags":["science_64","science_383"],"featImg":"science_4987","label":"science"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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