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In his spare time, he built sculptures out of driftwood, bottle caps, and rusted car parts in his backyard studio in Bernal Heights.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Miranda Mellis, Dennis Cunningham’s daughter\"]‘It was totally in keeping with who he was to not make waste, but to use waste.’[/pullquote]He wanted his body to be part of that same cycle of decay and regeneration. He instructed his kids to have him composted after he died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was totally in keeping with who he was to not make waste, but to use waste,” said Cunningham’s daughter, Miranda Mellis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Cunningham, being turned into soil and spread on the forest floor to fertilize new trees was much more appealing than being burned to ash or entombed in a concrete vault underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likewise, a growing number of Americans are eager to see more environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional burial and cremation. Human composting is the latest option, though the number of facilities and states that offer it are scarce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s literally illegal to compost a body in the state of California,” said Joe Mellis, Cunningham’s son. “We had to transport his body from California to Washington to do this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven states have legalized human composting to date, including Washington, Colorado, Nevada and New York. It took California lawmakers three tries to pass a law to do the same, but it won’t take effect until 2027.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991119\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991119\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-03-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A person smiles and holds a pot in their hands in front of a brightly painted building.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-03-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-03-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-03-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-03-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-03-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-03-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-03-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Katrina Spade, founder and CEO of Recompose, in front of the company’s Seattle facility holding a box of soil that was once a human at Recompose Seattle on Oct. 06, 2022, in Seattle, Washington. \u003ccite>(Mat Hayward/Getty Images for Recompose)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cunningham ended up at Recompose, a human composting facility in Seattle. Founder and CEO Katrina Spade said about 15% of their clients are shipped from California and another 14% from other states.[aside label='More Stories on Health' tag='health']“We pick them up at Sea-Tac,” she said about the Seattle-Tacoma airport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walking into the lobby of Recompose is like walking into a spa. Meditation music whispers from hidden speakers. Living art tapestries decorate the walls; earthy green and yellow shades cover the windows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the light comes through, we hope it reminds you of the forest light,” Spade said as she toured the gathering space where families can hold ceremonies.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The science of human composting\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The composting itself happens in a cavernous warehouse in the back that Spade calls the greenhouse. She describes the smell alternately as that of a grassy meadow after a rain and a barnyard. Inside are 34 white hexagonal cylinders, or individual vessels, stacked on top of each other in the shape of a beehive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a new body comes in, the staff lay it in one of the vessels on a bed of wood chips, alfalfa, and straw, Spade said, then they cover it with more of the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991118\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991118\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-02-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A pile of hay sits on a bed inside an opening in a wall.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-02-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-02-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-02-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-02-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-02-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-02-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-02-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mannequin covered in wood chips and straw rests inside the Threshold Vessel at Recompose Seattle on Oct. 06, 2022, in Seattle, Washington. \u003ccite>(Mat Hayward/Getty Images for Recompose)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The idea to me of being cocooned in that plant material, it’s very safe feeling,” Spade said. “If you were alive, it would probably be a little itchy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wrapped in that cocoon, the microbes and bacteria go to work on the body, naturally raising the temperature inside the vessel to 150 degrees Fahrenheit. Under\u003ca href=\"https://app.leg.wa.gov/WAC/default.aspx?cite=308-47-065\"> Washington state regulations\u003c/a>, natural heat has to be sustained for three straight days to kill off any pathogens.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Katrina Spade, founder and CEO, Recompose\"]‘The idea to me of being cocooned in that plant material, it’s very safe feeling.’[/pullquote]“Seven or eight years I’ve been doing this, and still, when I see that temperature spike, I think, ‘Holy mackerel!’” Spade said, channeling her inner 8th-grade science fair nerd. “It just feels like some sort of miracle, even though it is nature.”\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The body stays in the vessel for about 30 to 40 days. Every week or so, the staff rotate it to let air through, and the body transforms and consolidates into a cubic yard of dark brown dirt, enough to fill the bed of a pickup truck. The staff removes any titanium hips or knees left over in the process, then grinds the bones down to sand and mixes them back in with the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process takes about two months altogether and costs about \u003ca href=\"https://recompose.life/death-care/#pricing\">$7,000\u003c/a> — about twice the cost of cremation but half that of conventional burial. Environmentally, Spade said composting is way better than both, citing internal company research that shows it saves more than a metric ton of carbon compared to the alternatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Inspiration and opposition to human composting\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>During the deadliest period of the COVID-19 pandemic, so many people were being cremated in California, and the emissions violated local air district rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is one of the factors that inspired Assemblymember Cristina Garcia, a Democrat from Bell Gardens, to carry a bill to legalize human composting in California,\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB351\"> AB 351\u003c/a>. It passed the state legislature in 2022 but won’t take effect until 2027 to give regulatory agencies time to prepare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991116\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991116\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-05-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A room with a large stretcher-like device in it.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-05-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-05-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-05-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-05-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-05-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-05-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-05-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Recompose Gathering Space is where the laying-in (funeral) ceremony takes place. The body, shrouded in natural cloth, lies on a dark green bed called the cradle. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Recompose)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The pandemic exacerbated the situation and reminded us of the importance of the choices we make throughout our life cycle,” Garcia told KQED after the bill was signed into law. “It added a sense of urgency of why this needed to be a reality sooner than later here in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia’s effort was the third time lawmakers tried to pass the bill. It was held up mainly due to administrative logjams, as the opposition to human composting was minimal and tepid.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Assemblymember Cristina Garcia\"]‘The pandemic exacerbated the situation and reminded us of the importance of the choices we make throughout our life cycle. It added a sense of urgency of why this needed to be a reality sooner than later here in California.’[/pullquote]“I find this bill disgusting and I completely oppose it,” said Serea Abdosh, a 19-year-old student and one of a handful of residents who lodged objections at state legislative hearings in the spring of 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Catholic Conference also raised concerns about the safety of composted human remains, pointing out that supporters of the bill relied on just one small, non-peer-reviewed study from Recompose to contend that all toxic elements of the body, like dental implants or chemotherapy treatments, were properly eliminated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bishops also argued that composting a human body and scattering the remains was undignified. It “risks people treading over human remains without their knowledge,” the Catholic Conference wrote in a statement, “while repeated dispersions in the same area are tantamount to a mass grave.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recompose’s Spade countered by saying her company has composted many Catholics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had priests bless the body before,” she said. “We’ve had priests bless the soil after.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rabbis have also considered how human composting can comply with Jewish death care rituals, and “some are even creating liturgy, or creating words to say around these kinds of processes,” according to Courtney Applewhite, who studied death and grief during her doctoral research at UC Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Rituals after composting\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Composting certainly affected the grieving process for Joe and Miranda Mellis after their dad died. Most of his soil was spread on the floor of a forest in Southwest Washington. Another portion went under a beloved hemlock tree on his family’s land in Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the kids kept some compost for themselves. Joe has a box in his home office in Los Angeles. Miranda buried some in the woods behind her house in Olympia. In \u003ca href=\"https://app.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=308-47A-020\">Washington\u003c/a>, human compost can be spread anywhere as long as \u003ca href=\"https://app.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=308-47A-020\">the landowner says it’s OK\u003c/a>. California plans to \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB351\">follow suit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991115\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991115\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-04-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A vibrant forest scene.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-04-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-04-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-04-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-04-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-04-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-04-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-04-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bells Mountain Forest is a permanently protected natural wilderness. The stewards of Bells Mountain use the soil donated by the Recompose community to revitalize wetlands, riparian habitats, local plants and vulnerable wildlife species. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Recompose)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This tree is a vine maple,” Miranda said as she dodged a spider web and ducked under the low, thin, mossy branches arching out in all directions, a spot she chose because it feels “parental.”[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Miranda Mellis, Dennis Cunningham’s daughter\"]‘I meditate here, and sometimes I talk to him here. I think of this as like a telephone booth to the afterworld. I can just hear him as if he’s sitting right next to me.’[/pullquote]She kneeled next to a little altar she built over the roots, tending a small bowl of rocks and shells her father collected and a jagged crystal surrounded by a ring of pinecones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I meditate here, and sometimes I talk to him here. I think of this as like a telephone booth to the afterworld,” she said. “I can just hear him as if he’s sitting right next to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having her father here, the sense of his body giving back to the earth, it all somehow mitigated the pain of the loss, she said. It made her less afraid of her own mortality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After all of this, I thought, ‘I think I want to do it, too,’” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Miranda and Joe say they also want to be composted when they die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California legalized human composting in 2022, but the law won’t take effect until 2027. This San Francisco man didn’t want to wait.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1705690487,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1717},"headData":{"title":"Californians Eager for Human Composting After They Die | KQED","description":"California legalized human composting in 2022, but the law won’t take effect until 2027. This San Francisco man didn’t want to wait.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Californians Eager for Human Composting After They Die","datePublished":"2024-01-18T15:30:42.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-19T18:54:47.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/c2ae2619-2d30-47f5-8759-b0fa011af056/audio.mp3","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1991112/californians-are-being-shipped-to-washington-after-they-die-to-be-composted","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Dennis Cunningham was diagnosed with terminal cancer, he wanted his death to reflect the values he lived by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A committed civil rights lawyer, he defended the Black Panthers, AIDS protestors, and later, environmental activists from Earth First. In his spare time, he built sculptures out of driftwood, bottle caps, and rusted car parts in his backyard studio in Bernal Heights.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘It was totally in keeping with who he was to not make waste, but to use waste.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Miranda Mellis, Dennis Cunningham’s daughter","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He wanted his body to be part of that same cycle of decay and regeneration. He instructed his kids to have him composted after he died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was totally in keeping with who he was to not make waste, but to use waste,” said Cunningham’s daughter, Miranda Mellis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Cunningham, being turned into soil and spread on the forest floor to fertilize new trees was much more appealing than being burned to ash or entombed in a concrete vault underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likewise, a growing number of Americans are eager to see more environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional burial and cremation. Human composting is the latest option, though the number of facilities and states that offer it are scarce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s literally illegal to compost a body in the state of California,” said Joe Mellis, Cunningham’s son. “We had to transport his body from California to Washington to do this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven states have legalized human composting to date, including Washington, Colorado, Nevada and New York. It took California lawmakers three tries to pass a law to do the same, but it won’t take effect until 2027.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991119\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991119\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-03-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A person smiles and holds a pot in their hands in front of a brightly painted building.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-03-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-03-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-03-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-03-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-03-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-03-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-03-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Katrina Spade, founder and CEO of Recompose, in front of the company’s Seattle facility holding a box of soil that was once a human at Recompose Seattle on Oct. 06, 2022, in Seattle, Washington. \u003ccite>(Mat Hayward/Getty Images for Recompose)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cunningham ended up at Recompose, a human composting facility in Seattle. Founder and CEO Katrina Spade said about 15% of their clients are shipped from California and another 14% from other states.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More Stories on Health ","tag":"health"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We pick them up at Sea-Tac,” she said about the Seattle-Tacoma airport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walking into the lobby of Recompose is like walking into a spa. Meditation music whispers from hidden speakers. Living art tapestries decorate the walls; earthy green and yellow shades cover the windows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the light comes through, we hope it reminds you of the forest light,” Spade said as she toured the gathering space where families can hold ceremonies.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The science of human composting\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The composting itself happens in a cavernous warehouse in the back that Spade calls the greenhouse. She describes the smell alternately as that of a grassy meadow after a rain and a barnyard. Inside are 34 white hexagonal cylinders, or individual vessels, stacked on top of each other in the shape of a beehive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a new body comes in, the staff lay it in one of the vessels on a bed of wood chips, alfalfa, and straw, Spade said, then they cover it with more of the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991118\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991118\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-02-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A pile of hay sits on a bed inside an opening in a wall.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-02-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-02-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-02-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-02-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-02-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-02-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-MH-02-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mannequin covered in wood chips and straw rests inside the Threshold Vessel at Recompose Seattle on Oct. 06, 2022, in Seattle, Washington. \u003ccite>(Mat Hayward/Getty Images for Recompose)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The idea to me of being cocooned in that plant material, it’s very safe feeling,” Spade said. “If you were alive, it would probably be a little itchy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wrapped in that cocoon, the microbes and bacteria go to work on the body, naturally raising the temperature inside the vessel to 150 degrees Fahrenheit. Under\u003ca href=\"https://app.leg.wa.gov/WAC/default.aspx?cite=308-47-065\"> Washington state regulations\u003c/a>, natural heat has to be sustained for three straight days to kill off any pathogens.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘The idea to me of being cocooned in that plant material, it’s very safe feeling.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Katrina Spade, founder and CEO, Recompose","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Seven or eight years I’ve been doing this, and still, when I see that temperature spike, I think, ‘Holy mackerel!’” Spade said, channeling her inner 8th-grade science fair nerd. “It just feels like some sort of miracle, even though it is nature.”\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The body stays in the vessel for about 30 to 40 days. Every week or so, the staff rotate it to let air through, and the body transforms and consolidates into a cubic yard of dark brown dirt, enough to fill the bed of a pickup truck. The staff removes any titanium hips or knees left over in the process, then grinds the bones down to sand and mixes them back in with the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process takes about two months altogether and costs about \u003ca href=\"https://recompose.life/death-care/#pricing\">$7,000\u003c/a> — about twice the cost of cremation but half that of conventional burial. Environmentally, Spade said composting is way better than both, citing internal company research that shows it saves more than a metric ton of carbon compared to the alternatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Inspiration and opposition to human composting\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>During the deadliest period of the COVID-19 pandemic, so many people were being cremated in California, and the emissions violated local air district rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is one of the factors that inspired Assemblymember Cristina Garcia, a Democrat from Bell Gardens, to carry a bill to legalize human composting in California,\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB351\"> AB 351\u003c/a>. It passed the state legislature in 2022 but won’t take effect until 2027 to give regulatory agencies time to prepare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991116\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991116\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-05-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A room with a large stretcher-like device in it.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-05-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-05-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-05-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-05-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-05-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-05-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-05-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Recompose Gathering Space is where the laying-in (funeral) ceremony takes place. The body, shrouded in natural cloth, lies on a dark green bed called the cradle. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Recompose)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The pandemic exacerbated the situation and reminded us of the importance of the choices we make throughout our life cycle,” Garcia told KQED after the bill was signed into law. “It added a sense of urgency of why this needed to be a reality sooner than later here in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia’s effort was the third time lawmakers tried to pass the bill. It was held up mainly due to administrative logjams, as the opposition to human composting was minimal and tepid.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘The pandemic exacerbated the situation and reminded us of the importance of the choices we make throughout our life cycle. It added a sense of urgency of why this needed to be a reality sooner than later here in California.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Assemblymember Cristina Garcia","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“I find this bill disgusting and I completely oppose it,” said Serea Abdosh, a 19-year-old student and one of a handful of residents who lodged objections at state legislative hearings in the spring of 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Catholic Conference also raised concerns about the safety of composted human remains, pointing out that supporters of the bill relied on just one small, non-peer-reviewed study from Recompose to contend that all toxic elements of the body, like dental implants or chemotherapy treatments, were properly eliminated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bishops also argued that composting a human body and scattering the remains was undignified. It “risks people treading over human remains without their knowledge,” the Catholic Conference wrote in a statement, “while repeated dispersions in the same area are tantamount to a mass grave.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recompose’s Spade countered by saying her company has composted many Catholics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had priests bless the body before,” she said. “We’ve had priests bless the soil after.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rabbis have also considered how human composting can comply with Jewish death care rituals, and “some are even creating liturgy, or creating words to say around these kinds of processes,” according to Courtney Applewhite, who studied death and grief during her doctoral research at UC Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Rituals after composting\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Composting certainly affected the grieving process for Joe and Miranda Mellis after their dad died. Most of his soil was spread on the floor of a forest in Southwest Washington. Another portion went under a beloved hemlock tree on his family’s land in Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the kids kept some compost for themselves. Joe has a box in his home office in Los Angeles. Miranda buried some in the woods behind her house in Olympia. In \u003ca href=\"https://app.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=308-47A-020\">Washington\u003c/a>, human compost can be spread anywhere as long as \u003ca href=\"https://app.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=308-47A-020\">the landowner says it’s OK\u003c/a>. California plans to \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB351\">follow suit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991115\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991115\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-04-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A vibrant forest scene.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-04-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-04-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-04-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-04-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-04-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-04-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/231211-RECOMPOSE-GETTY-04-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bells Mountain Forest is a permanently protected natural wilderness. The stewards of Bells Mountain use the soil donated by the Recompose community to revitalize wetlands, riparian habitats, local plants and vulnerable wildlife species. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Recompose)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This tree is a vine maple,” Miranda said as she dodged a spider web and ducked under the low, thin, mossy branches arching out in all directions, a spot she chose because it feels “parental.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘I meditate here, and sometimes I talk to him here. I think of this as like a telephone booth to the afterworld. I can just hear him as if he’s sitting right next to me.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Miranda Mellis, Dennis Cunningham’s daughter","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>She kneeled next to a little altar she built over the roots, tending a small bowl of rocks and shells her father collected and a jagged crystal surrounded by a ring of pinecones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I meditate here, and sometimes I talk to him here. I think of this as like a telephone booth to the afterworld,” she said. “I can just hear him as if he’s sitting right next to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having her father here, the sense of his body giving back to the earth, it all somehow mitigated the pain of the loss, she said. It made her less afraid of her own mortality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After all of this, I thought, ‘I think I want to do it, too,’” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Miranda and Joe say they also want to be composted when they die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1991112/californians-are-being-shipped-to-washington-after-they-die-to-be-composted","authors":["3205"],"categories":["science_39","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_5178","science_192","science_4417","science_5181"],"featImg":"science_1991120","label":"science"},"science_1991079":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1991079","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1991079","score":null,"sort":[1705073455000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"one-mothers-struggle-to-prevent-suicides-on-the-golden-gate-bridge","title":"One Mother's Struggle to Prevent Suicides on the Golden Gate Bridge","publishDate":1705073455,"format":"audio","headTitle":"One Mother’s Struggle to Prevent Suicides on the Golden Gate Bridge | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Golden Gate Bridge officials \u003ca class=\"c-link\" href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11971560/san-francisco-finally-installs-suicide-prevention-nets-on-golden-gate-bridge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-stringify-link=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11971560/san-francisco-finally-installs-suicide-prevention-nets-on-golden-gate-bridge\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\">have finally installed a stainless steel suicide deterrent net\u003c/a> that extends 1.7 miles along the west and east sides of the bridge. It looks like a chain link fence suspended 20 feet below the pedestrian walkway, connected to the iconic reddish-orange beams of the bridge. The project cost $224 million, and city officials approved it more than a decade ago after years of pushing from suicide prevention advocates. After years of meetings and delays, the advocate’s dreams are a reality. What follows is the story of one family’s struggle and contains the description of suicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael James Bishop pulled out of his garage on Pine Street in San Francisco around 8:45 a.m. on March 28, 2011. He drove his gray Honda to the parking lot at the Golden Gate Bridge. He scrawled a detailed suicide note and laid it on the passenger seat of his car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sun was shining for the first time in weeks. It was 51 degrees outside. The 28-year-old with brown curly hair, green eyes and silver-rimmed glasses stepped out of his car and walked to the middle of the bridge. Then Bishop turned toward San Francisco and leaped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A motorist who was driving by happened to see my son go over the rail,” said Kay James, Bishop’s mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11972462\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11972462\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/240105-BridgeSafetyNet-41-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Swirling ocean waters with nets in foreground seen from above, on a bridge.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Waves crash below the Golden Gate Bridge’s new safety net on Jan. 5, 2024.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A half-hour later, U.S. Coast Guard workers recovered his body in the swirling waters below the bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When James received a call from the sheriff, she was shocked. “That he would kill himself — never entered my mind. He was so sweet. He was a very gentle young man.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her son had a lot going for him. He was in a relationship with a woman he adored. He played the violin in an orchestra. He was on tap to start a new job at an environmental fund. In fact, that fatal day was supposed to be his first day at work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he’d struggled with depression in the past, and he was overwhelmed. The suicide note said, “I’m so sorry. I just can’t handle things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just felt so devastated,” James said. “You feel like your world is coming to an end.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1986047\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1986047\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240105-BridgeSafetyNet-43-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240105-BridgeSafetyNet-43-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240105-BridgeSafetyNet-43-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240105-BridgeSafetyNet-43-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240105-BridgeSafetyNet-43-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240105-BridgeSafetyNet-43-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240105-BridgeSafetyNet-43-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240105-BridgeSafetyNet-43-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pedestrians and the recently installed safety net on the Golden Gate Bridge on Jan. 5, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Her son’s computer history revealed he had researched the Golden Gate Bridge. It’s an iconic landmark, but it’s also a lethal one. Since 1937, about 2000 people have leaped over the guardrail — an average of two to three people a month. Bishop was one of 37 people who jumped to their deaths in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the years that followed, James tirelessly advocated for a deterrent net. When she first started attending meetings before the transit district board of directors, she said they were not convinced a barrier was necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But, when they heard from the families of loved ones, they were very moved, and they changed their minds,” James said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why people choose the Golden Gate Bridge\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The stunning location is commonly thought to be one reason why people jump from the magnificent structure into the crashing waves below. But mental health experts say the view is not the draw — instead, accessibility is usually the primary driver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11972469\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11972469\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/240109-BridgeSafetyNet-09-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Old photos of a mother and son on a wall. \" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photos of Kay James and her son Michael Bishop hang on the wall of her home in Moraga on Jan. 9, 2024.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“People who have attempted suicide will say that they felt more comfortable with a given method,” said Matthew Nock, professor and chair of the Department of Psychology at Harvard University, “They were comfortable jumping off a bridge, whereas they were afraid to hang themselves or take an overdose, or they didn’t have access to a firearm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Golden Gate Bridge is the perfect target,” said Mel Blaustein, a psychiatrist at St. Mary’s Medical Center in San Francisco who has \u003ca href=\"https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09020296\">researched\u003c/a> bridge suicides for many years. “There’s a parking lot, and there’s a bus that takes you there. It’s easy and fast. And when I say fast, it takes four seconds to hit the water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11971560 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/AP23355641681751-1020x680.jpg']One jumper \u003ca href=\"https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09020296\">reportedly\u003c/a> left a note on the bridge reading, “Why do you make it so easy?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The net is intended to make people rethink their decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s pretty universal agreement that if we know that people are going to try and kill themselves by jumping off a specific bridge, then it’s ethical, reasonable, and clinically wise to put up a netting and prevent those suicides because some percentage of folks who are deterred are never going to try and kill themselves again,” Nock said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A UC Berkeley researcher in the 1970s followed people after they had been stopped on the bridge during a suicide attempt, publishing the findings in a landmark \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.goldengate.org/assets/1/6/suicide-deterrent-seiden-study.pdf__;!!Iwwt!WQL2fS495XM_tK3zg56PranBFZsA2LlOqkQexKhe-RTXTTHKT0brzzUEv6qYoRpvUt7i4DAo4Rpn2w%24\">study (PDF)\u003c/a>. The vast majority of people did not go on to die by suicide somewhere else, even years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For some people, suicide is impulsive,” Nock said. “If they’re stopped from making a suicide, they may never make a suicide attempt again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11972468\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11972468\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/240108-BridgeSafetyNet-61-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A memorial to suicides with the Golden Gate Bridge in the background. \" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A memorial for those who have died on the Golden Gate Bridge covers a fence at Fort Point in San Francisco on Jan. 8, 2024.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kay James wished a net would have deterred her son Michael. She has talked to people who survived suicide attempts at the Golden Gate. They told her they regretted their decision the minute they let go of the guardrail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s really hard for me because I think, ‘If only he would have had a second chance.’ And, of course, with a net, you definitely have a second chance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you or someone you know may be considering suicide or is in crisis, call or text 988 to reach the \u003ca href=\"https://988lifeline.org/\">Suicide & Crisis Lifeline\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"After years of delays, the newly installed stainless steel suicide-deterrent safety net on Golden Gate Bridge may offer a literal lifeline to families and individuals struggling with depression.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1705085018,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":1060},"headData":{"title":"One Mother's Struggle to Prevent Suicides on the Golden Gate Bridge | KQED","description":"After years of delays, the newly installed stainless steel suicide-deterrent safety net on Golden Gate Bridge may offer a literal lifeline to families and individuals struggling with depression.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"One Mother's Struggle to Prevent Suicides on the Golden Gate Bridge","datePublished":"2024-01-12T15:30:55.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-12T18:43:38.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-4[…]f-aaef00f5a073/96c99e7b-c225-4037-b8fc-b0f50115905c/audio.mp3","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1991079/one-mothers-struggle-to-prevent-suicides-on-the-golden-gate-bridge","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Golden Gate Bridge officials \u003ca class=\"c-link\" href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11971560/san-francisco-finally-installs-suicide-prevention-nets-on-golden-gate-bridge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-stringify-link=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11971560/san-francisco-finally-installs-suicide-prevention-nets-on-golden-gate-bridge\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\">have finally installed a stainless steel suicide deterrent net\u003c/a> that extends 1.7 miles along the west and east sides of the bridge. It looks like a chain link fence suspended 20 feet below the pedestrian walkway, connected to the iconic reddish-orange beams of the bridge. The project cost $224 million, and city officials approved it more than a decade ago after years of pushing from suicide prevention advocates. After years of meetings and delays, the advocate’s dreams are a reality. What follows is the story of one family’s struggle and contains the description of suicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael James Bishop pulled out of his garage on Pine Street in San Francisco around 8:45 a.m. on March 28, 2011. He drove his gray Honda to the parking lot at the Golden Gate Bridge. He scrawled a detailed suicide note and laid it on the passenger seat of his car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sun was shining for the first time in weeks. It was 51 degrees outside. The 28-year-old with brown curly hair, green eyes and silver-rimmed glasses stepped out of his car and walked to the middle of the bridge. Then Bishop turned toward San Francisco and leaped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A motorist who was driving by happened to see my son go over the rail,” said Kay James, Bishop’s mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11972462\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11972462\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/240105-BridgeSafetyNet-41-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Swirling ocean waters with nets in foreground seen from above, on a bridge.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Waves crash below the Golden Gate Bridge’s new safety net on Jan. 5, 2024.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A half-hour later, U.S. Coast Guard workers recovered his body in the swirling waters below the bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When James received a call from the sheriff, she was shocked. “That he would kill himself — never entered my mind. He was so sweet. He was a very gentle young man.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her son had a lot going for him. He was in a relationship with a woman he adored. He played the violin in an orchestra. He was on tap to start a new job at an environmental fund. In fact, that fatal day was supposed to be his first day at work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he’d struggled with depression in the past, and he was overwhelmed. The suicide note said, “I’m so sorry. I just can’t handle things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just felt so devastated,” James said. “You feel like your world is coming to an end.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1986047\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1986047\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240105-BridgeSafetyNet-43-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240105-BridgeSafetyNet-43-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240105-BridgeSafetyNet-43-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240105-BridgeSafetyNet-43-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240105-BridgeSafetyNet-43-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240105-BridgeSafetyNet-43-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240105-BridgeSafetyNet-43-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240105-BridgeSafetyNet-43-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pedestrians and the recently installed safety net on the Golden Gate Bridge on Jan. 5, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Her son’s computer history revealed he had researched the Golden Gate Bridge. It’s an iconic landmark, but it’s also a lethal one. Since 1937, about 2000 people have leaped over the guardrail — an average of two to three people a month. Bishop was one of 37 people who jumped to their deaths in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the years that followed, James tirelessly advocated for a deterrent net. When she first started attending meetings before the transit district board of directors, she said they were not convinced a barrier was necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But, when they heard from the families of loved ones, they were very moved, and they changed their minds,” James said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why people choose the Golden Gate Bridge\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The stunning location is commonly thought to be one reason why people jump from the magnificent structure into the crashing waves below. But mental health experts say the view is not the draw — instead, accessibility is usually the primary driver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11972469\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11972469\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/240109-BridgeSafetyNet-09-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Old photos of a mother and son on a wall. \" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photos of Kay James and her son Michael Bishop hang on the wall of her home in Moraga on Jan. 9, 2024.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“People who have attempted suicide will say that they felt more comfortable with a given method,” said Matthew Nock, professor and chair of the Department of Psychology at Harvard University, “They were comfortable jumping off a bridge, whereas they were afraid to hang themselves or take an overdose, or they didn’t have access to a firearm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Golden Gate Bridge is the perfect target,” said Mel Blaustein, a psychiatrist at St. Mary’s Medical Center in San Francisco who has \u003ca href=\"https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09020296\">researched\u003c/a> bridge suicides for many years. “There’s a parking lot, and there’s a bus that takes you there. It’s easy and fast. And when I say fast, it takes four seconds to hit the water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11971560","hero":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/AP23355641681751-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>One jumper \u003ca href=\"https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09020296\">reportedly\u003c/a> left a note on the bridge reading, “Why do you make it so easy?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The net is intended to make people rethink their decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s pretty universal agreement that if we know that people are going to try and kill themselves by jumping off a specific bridge, then it’s ethical, reasonable, and clinically wise to put up a netting and prevent those suicides because some percentage of folks who are deterred are never going to try and kill themselves again,” Nock said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A UC Berkeley researcher in the 1970s followed people after they had been stopped on the bridge during a suicide attempt, publishing the findings in a landmark \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.goldengate.org/assets/1/6/suicide-deterrent-seiden-study.pdf__;!!Iwwt!WQL2fS495XM_tK3zg56PranBFZsA2LlOqkQexKhe-RTXTTHKT0brzzUEv6qYoRpvUt7i4DAo4Rpn2w%24\">study (PDF)\u003c/a>. The vast majority of people did not go on to die by suicide somewhere else, even years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For some people, suicide is impulsive,” Nock said. “If they’re stopped from making a suicide, they may never make a suicide attempt again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11972468\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11972468\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/240108-BridgeSafetyNet-61-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A memorial to suicides with the Golden Gate Bridge in the background. \" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A memorial for those who have died on the Golden Gate Bridge covers a fence at Fort Point in San Francisco on Jan. 8, 2024.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kay James wished a net would have deterred her son Michael. She has talked to people who survived suicide attempts at the Golden Gate. They told her they regretted their decision the minute they let go of the guardrail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s really hard for me because I think, ‘If only he would have had a second chance.’ And, of course, with a net, you definitely have a second chance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you or someone you know may be considering suicide or is in crisis, call or text 988 to reach the \u003ca href=\"https://988lifeline.org/\">Suicide & Crisis Lifeline\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1991079/one-mothers-struggle-to-prevent-suicides-on-the-golden-gate-bridge","authors":["11229"],"categories":["science_39","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_4417","science_4414","science_5201","science_5181","science_309","science_5202"],"featImg":"science_1986051","label":"science"},"science_1985979":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1985979","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1985979","score":null,"sort":[1704398406000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"kaiser-eases-restrictions-on-postpartum-depression-care-after-investigations","title":"Kaiser Eases Restrictions on Postpartum Depression Care After Investigations","publishDate":1704398406,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Kaiser Eases Restrictions on Postpartum Depression Care After Investigations | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":4951,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>A year after her son, Nico, was born and she still felt like an empty shell of herself despite multiple attempts to find treatment, Miriam McDonald “came out” as suffering from debilitating postpartum depression, a decision she now says was totally worth it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For months, McDonald battled her health provider and insurer, Kaiser Permanente, which denied her the one and only FDA-approved medication for postpartum depression, brexanolone. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Miriam McDonald, mother\"]‘No woman should suffer like I did after having a child. The policy was completely unfair. I was in purgatory.’[/pullquote]But since she shared the details of her struggle in a\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11879309/theres-only-1-drug-for-postpartum-depression-why-does-kaiser-permanente-make-it-so-hard-to-get\"> 2021 KQED investigation\u003c/a>, Kaiser has revamped its coverage guidelines twice, according to internal documents recently obtained by KQED, and federal regulators — citing KQED’s reporting — have launched an investigation into the insurer that is still ongoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This will prevent other women from having to go through a year of depression to find something that works,” McDonald said after learning of Kaiser’s policy changes. “No woman should suffer like I did after having a child. The policy was completely unfair. I was in purgatory.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When McDonald experienced her first symptoms of postpartum depression in 2019, including suicidal thoughts, Kaiser’s written guidelines required patients to try and fail four medications and electroconvulsive therapy before they would be eligible for brexanolone. But, because the drug was only approved for use up to six months postpartum, experts said this amounted to a blanket denial for all Kaiser patients, a potential violation of state and federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One month after KQED published its investigation, Kaiser overhauled its guidelines, instead recommending women try just one medication before becoming eligible for brexanolone, and if that trial could not be completed before the six-month window expired, women could bypass it and go straight to brexanolone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Kaiser basically went from having the most restrictive policy to the most robust,” said Joy Burkhard, executive director of the nonprofit\u003ca href=\"https://www.2020mom.org/\"> Policy Center for Maternal Mental Health\u003c/a>. “It’s now a gold standard for the rest of the industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Next, a federal investigation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>But the scrutiny over Kaiser didn’t stop there. By late 2022, the federal Department of Labor had launched an investigation into the insurer, according to emails reviewed by KQED. Investigators called McDonald and contacted other patients to discuss the difficulty they had accessing postpartum mental health care, including brexanolone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few months later, in March 2023, Kaiser revised its brexanolone guidelines again, removing all fail-first recommendations. Patients need only decline a trial of another medication. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Kaiser Permanente statement\"]‘Kaiser Permanente is committed to ensuring brexanolone is available when physicians and patients determine it is an appropriate treatment.’[/pullquote]“Since brexanolone was first approved for use, more experience and research have added to information about its efficacy and safety,” Kaiser said in a statement. “Kaiser Permanente is committed to ensuring brexanolone is available when physicians and patients determine it is an appropriate treatment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Labor said in an email to KQED that it “will not confirm or deny the existence of an ongoing investigation” as a matter of policy but added the agency could sue a private insurer and force it to change its policies if they violate federal law. It can also force insurers to provide treatment or reimburse patients who paid out of pocket for treatments the department found improperly denied.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A new era for postpartum therapies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Brexanolone came on the market in 2019 with the hope of revolutionizing the treatment of postpartum depression by targeting hormone function instead of the brain’s serotonin system, as typical antidepressants do. \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-treatment-post-partum-depression\">In early trials,\u003c/a> women with moderate to severe depression reported relief immediately after the three-day treatment. But brexanolone is expensive, $34,000 per treatment, and must be delivered intravenously during an inpatient hospital stay where patients can be closely monitored for side effects like fainting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the price and finding a hospital certified to administer the drug proved to be prohibitive barriers for new mothers pursuing the treatment. Until recently, Kaiser did not have its own certification and had to refer women to one of only three other approved hospitals in California. [aside label='More Stories on health' tag='health']A new, more accessible pill form of the medication, zuranolone, taken once a day at home over 14 days, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-oral-treatment-postpartum-depression\">was approved by the FDA in August\u003c/a>. In November, Sage Therapeutics, the company that makes both drugs, set the price for zuranolone at $15,900.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, less than 1% of health plans have established criteria for when they will cover it, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.2020mom.org/blog/2023/12/15/zurzuvae-the-new-postpartum-depression-drug-now-available-in-the-us-this-is-how-insurers-have-responded\">an analysis\u003c/a> using data from \u003ca href=\"https://www.policyreporter.com/\">Policy Reporter\u003c/a>, a website that tracks insurance policies. Regulators, lawyers, and advocates are watching closely to see how insurance companies will shape policies for the new drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll have to see if insurers cover this drug and what fail-first requirements they put in,” said \u003ca href=\"https://psych-appeal.com/meiram-bendat-attorney-founder/\">Meiram Bendat\u003c/a>, an attorney and licensed psychotherapist who represents patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These new policies will be written at a time when the regulatory environment around mental health treatment is shifting. The federal Department of Labor is now cracking down more on potential violations of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/marketplace/private-health-insurance/mental-health-parity-addiction-equity\">2008 Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act\u003c/a>, which requires insurers to cover psychiatric treatments on par with physical treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of this summer, insurers must comply with new, stricter reporting and auditing requirements that are intended to increase patient access to mental health care and, advocates say, could compel them to be more careful about the policies they write in the first place. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Meiram Bendat, attorney and licensed psychotherapist, who represents patients\"]‘We’ll have to see if insurers cover this drug and what fail-first requirements they put in.’[/pullquote]In California, insurers must also comply with an even broader state mental health parity law from 2021, making sure their coverage policies are aligned with generally accepted standards of care. Highly awaited \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984855/is-californias-landmark-mental-health-law-working\">regulations for the law\u003c/a> are expected to be released this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many perinatal psychiatrists told KQED it is imperative to treat postpartum depression as quickly as possible to avoid negative impacts, including cognitive and social problems in the baby, anxiety or depression in the husband or partner, or the death of the mother to suicide, which accounts for \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4113321/\">up to 20% of maternal deaths\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s possible this reasoning is why Kaiser was quick to revise its guidelines for brexanolone for the first time in 2021, Burkhard said, who worked at an insurance company before becoming an advocate. But it is unclear what criteria Kaiser will set for the new pill zuranolone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will apply the same evidence-based, expert review process to zuranolone as we do with all medications,” Kaiser said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McDonald is hopeful that women will now have more choices for care in policy and practice, including treatments that work faster and they can access immediately. She doesn’t want them to be forced on a trial-and-error medication merry-go-round like she was and can choose the treatment that’s right for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There has to be more options for women,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California patients are waiting to see what coverage policies insurers will set for the new pill form of the drug, zuranolone.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1705619333,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1244},"headData":{"title":"Kaiser Eases Restrictions on Postpartum Depression Care After Investigations | KQED","description":"California patients are waiting to see what coverage policies insurers will set for the new pill form of the drug, zuranolone.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Kaiser Eases Restrictions on Postpartum Depression Care After Investigations","datePublished":"2024-01-04T20:00:06.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-18T23:08:53.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/7b44e5c3-5f3a-4063-be7e-b0ec0114f3cc/audio.mp3","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1985979/kaiser-eases-restrictions-on-postpartum-depression-care-after-investigations","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A year after her son, Nico, was born and she still felt like an empty shell of herself despite multiple attempts to find treatment, Miriam McDonald “came out” as suffering from debilitating postpartum depression, a decision she now says was totally worth it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For months, McDonald battled her health provider and insurer, Kaiser Permanente, which denied her the one and only FDA-approved medication for postpartum depression, brexanolone. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘No woman should suffer like I did after having a child. The policy was completely unfair. I was in purgatory.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Miriam McDonald, mother","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But since she shared the details of her struggle in a\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11879309/theres-only-1-drug-for-postpartum-depression-why-does-kaiser-permanente-make-it-so-hard-to-get\"> 2021 KQED investigation\u003c/a>, Kaiser has revamped its coverage guidelines twice, according to internal documents recently obtained by KQED, and federal regulators — citing KQED’s reporting — have launched an investigation into the insurer that is still ongoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This will prevent other women from having to go through a year of depression to find something that works,” McDonald said after learning of Kaiser’s policy changes. “No woman should suffer like I did after having a child. The policy was completely unfair. I was in purgatory.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When McDonald experienced her first symptoms of postpartum depression in 2019, including suicidal thoughts, Kaiser’s written guidelines required patients to try and fail four medications and electroconvulsive therapy before they would be eligible for brexanolone. But, because the drug was only approved for use up to six months postpartum, experts said this amounted to a blanket denial for all Kaiser patients, a potential violation of state and federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One month after KQED published its investigation, Kaiser overhauled its guidelines, instead recommending women try just one medication before becoming eligible for brexanolone, and if that trial could not be completed before the six-month window expired, women could bypass it and go straight to brexanolone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Kaiser basically went from having the most restrictive policy to the most robust,” said Joy Burkhard, executive director of the nonprofit\u003ca href=\"https://www.2020mom.org/\"> Policy Center for Maternal Mental Health\u003c/a>. “It’s now a gold standard for the rest of the industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Next, a federal investigation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>But the scrutiny over Kaiser didn’t stop there. By late 2022, the federal Department of Labor had launched an investigation into the insurer, according to emails reviewed by KQED. Investigators called McDonald and contacted other patients to discuss the difficulty they had accessing postpartum mental health care, including brexanolone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few months later, in March 2023, Kaiser revised its brexanolone guidelines again, removing all fail-first recommendations. Patients need only decline a trial of another medication. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Kaiser Permanente is committed to ensuring brexanolone is available when physicians and patients determine it is an appropriate treatment.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Kaiser Permanente statement","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Since brexanolone was first approved for use, more experience and research have added to information about its efficacy and safety,” Kaiser said in a statement. “Kaiser Permanente is committed to ensuring brexanolone is available when physicians and patients determine it is an appropriate treatment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Labor said in an email to KQED that it “will not confirm or deny the existence of an ongoing investigation” as a matter of policy but added the agency could sue a private insurer and force it to change its policies if they violate federal law. It can also force insurers to provide treatment or reimburse patients who paid out of pocket for treatments the department found improperly denied.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A new era for postpartum therapies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Brexanolone came on the market in 2019 with the hope of revolutionizing the treatment of postpartum depression by targeting hormone function instead of the brain’s serotonin system, as typical antidepressants do. \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-treatment-post-partum-depression\">In early trials,\u003c/a> women with moderate to severe depression reported relief immediately after the three-day treatment. But brexanolone is expensive, $34,000 per treatment, and must be delivered intravenously during an inpatient hospital stay where patients can be closely monitored for side effects like fainting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the price and finding a hospital certified to administer the drug proved to be prohibitive barriers for new mothers pursuing the treatment. Until recently, Kaiser did not have its own certification and had to refer women to one of only three other approved hospitals in California. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More Stories on health ","tag":"health"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>A new, more accessible pill form of the medication, zuranolone, taken once a day at home over 14 days, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-oral-treatment-postpartum-depression\">was approved by the FDA in August\u003c/a>. In November, Sage Therapeutics, the company that makes both drugs, set the price for zuranolone at $15,900.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, less than 1% of health plans have established criteria for when they will cover it, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.2020mom.org/blog/2023/12/15/zurzuvae-the-new-postpartum-depression-drug-now-available-in-the-us-this-is-how-insurers-have-responded\">an analysis\u003c/a> using data from \u003ca href=\"https://www.policyreporter.com/\">Policy Reporter\u003c/a>, a website that tracks insurance policies. Regulators, lawyers, and advocates are watching closely to see how insurance companies will shape policies for the new drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll have to see if insurers cover this drug and what fail-first requirements they put in,” said \u003ca href=\"https://psych-appeal.com/meiram-bendat-attorney-founder/\">Meiram Bendat\u003c/a>, an attorney and licensed psychotherapist who represents patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These new policies will be written at a time when the regulatory environment around mental health treatment is shifting. The federal Department of Labor is now cracking down more on potential violations of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/marketplace/private-health-insurance/mental-health-parity-addiction-equity\">2008 Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act\u003c/a>, which requires insurers to cover psychiatric treatments on par with physical treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of this summer, insurers must comply with new, stricter reporting and auditing requirements that are intended to increase patient access to mental health care and, advocates say, could compel them to be more careful about the policies they write in the first place. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘We’ll have to see if insurers cover this drug and what fail-first requirements they put in.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Meiram Bendat, attorney and licensed psychotherapist, who represents patients","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In California, insurers must also comply with an even broader state mental health parity law from 2021, making sure their coverage policies are aligned with generally accepted standards of care. Highly awaited \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984855/is-californias-landmark-mental-health-law-working\">regulations for the law\u003c/a> are expected to be released this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many perinatal psychiatrists told KQED it is imperative to treat postpartum depression as quickly as possible to avoid negative impacts, including cognitive and social problems in the baby, anxiety or depression in the husband or partner, or the death of the mother to suicide, which accounts for \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4113321/\">up to 20% of maternal deaths\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s possible this reasoning is why Kaiser was quick to revise its guidelines for brexanolone for the first time in 2021, Burkhard said, who worked at an insurance company before becoming an advocate. But it is unclear what criteria Kaiser will set for the new pill zuranolone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will apply the same evidence-based, expert review process to zuranolone as we do with all medications,” Kaiser said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McDonald is hopeful that women will now have more choices for care in policy and practice, including treatments that work faster and they can access immediately. She doesn’t want them to be forced on a trial-and-error medication merry-go-round like she was and can choose the treatment that’s right for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There has to be more options for women,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1985979/kaiser-eases-restrictions-on-postpartum-depression-care-after-investigations","authors":["3205"],"programs":["science_4951"],"categories":["science_39","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_4417","science_4414","science_5181","science_249","science_4277"],"featImg":"science_1985871","label":"science_4951"},"science_1985786":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1985786","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1985786","score":null,"sort":[1702393208000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"bay-area-covid-flu-cases-on-the-rise-but-not-surging-like-last-year","title":"Bay Area Faces Viral Uptick: COVID-19, RSV and Flu on the Rise","publishDate":1702393208,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Faces Viral Uptick: COVID-19, RSV and Flu on the Rise | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>A steady rise in respiratory viruses is hitting California hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three-quarters of the state’s intensive care beds are full, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wastewater data shows that flu, RSV and COVID-19 cases are increasing across the Bay Area, albeit not surging to the overwhelming heights witnessed last winter. COVID-19 concentrations are equal to the region’s previous surge in September, according to Alexandria Boehm, a professor at Stanford who oversees the SCAN system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, flu and cold season typically peaks in January and February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not celebrating yet,” said Dr. Peter Chin-Hong, an infectious disease specialist at UCSF. “We’re just crossing our fingers because I’m not sure yet if this is going to be where [viral loads] settle down to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the number of patients in UCSF hospitals with COVID-19 has doubled since November. They’re about 90% full, which sounds bad, but that’s on par with pre-pandemic levels for this time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we get through this season OK, I think it will be a bellwether for the remaining seasons with COVID in the mix,” Chin-Hong said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11968709,news_11957790]However, there’s a wild card this year: mycoplasma pneumoniae, sometimes called “walking” pneumonia. Although it is not known to be circulating in the Bay Area, cases have been recorded in other parts of the country and overseas. Every few years, the bacteria emerges, which can inflict this mild pneumonia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most kids who get mycoplasma are going to be fine,” Chin-Hong said. “It usually feels like a cold. In more serious cases, patients may get a rash and struggle to breathe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s rare, but mycoplasma can trigger lung infections that may require hospital care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, current data warrant a vigilant stance, especially for vulnerable demographics, notably individuals aged 65 and older. Chin-Hong said he always carries a mask with him and will don it in a small space like an elevator or inside a crowded venue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly, I’d wear it when I’m traveling across the country to see my mom because she’s older,” he said. “I wouldn’t want to pick up something to give to her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He emphasized the efficacy of this year’s flu shot against the prevailing flu strain, urging individuals to capitalize on this preventative measure along with the latest COVID-19 booster. He said it’s definitely not too late to protect yourself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s health department strongly recommends that San Franciscans take what they describe as “simple but effective actions” to stay healthy this holiday season. Stay home if you’re sick, test for COVID-19 and seek treatment if you test positive.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"UCSF hospitals are about 90% full — that sounds bad, but that’s on par with pre-pandemic levels for this time of year.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704845803,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":495},"headData":{"title":"Bay Area Faces Viral Uptick: COVID-19, RSV and Flu on the Rise | KQED","description":"UCSF hospitals are about 90% full — that sounds bad, but that’s on par with pre-pandemic levels for this time of year.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Bay Area Faces Viral Uptick: COVID-19, RSV and Flu on the Rise","datePublished":"2023-12-12T15:00:08.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:16:43.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1985786/bay-area-covid-flu-cases-on-the-rise-but-not-surging-like-last-year","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A steady rise in respiratory viruses is hitting California hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three-quarters of the state’s intensive care beds are full, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wastewater data shows that flu, RSV and COVID-19 cases are increasing across the Bay Area, albeit not surging to the overwhelming heights witnessed last winter. COVID-19 concentrations are equal to the region’s previous surge in September, according to Alexandria Boehm, a professor at Stanford who oversees the SCAN system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, flu and cold season typically peaks in January and February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not celebrating yet,” said Dr. Peter Chin-Hong, an infectious disease specialist at UCSF. “We’re just crossing our fingers because I’m not sure yet if this is going to be where [viral loads] settle down to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the number of patients in UCSF hospitals with COVID-19 has doubled since November. They’re about 90% full, which sounds bad, but that’s on par with pre-pandemic levels for this time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we get through this season OK, I think it will be a bellwether for the remaining seasons with COVID in the mix,” Chin-Hong said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11968709,news_11957790","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>However, there’s a wild card this year: mycoplasma pneumoniae, sometimes called “walking” pneumonia. Although it is not known to be circulating in the Bay Area, cases have been recorded in other parts of the country and overseas. Every few years, the bacteria emerges, which can inflict this mild pneumonia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most kids who get mycoplasma are going to be fine,” Chin-Hong said. “It usually feels like a cold. In more serious cases, patients may get a rash and struggle to breathe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s rare, but mycoplasma can trigger lung infections that may require hospital care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, current data warrant a vigilant stance, especially for vulnerable demographics, notably individuals aged 65 and older. Chin-Hong said he always carries a mask with him and will don it in a small space like an elevator or inside a crowded venue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly, I’d wear it when I’m traveling across the country to see my mom because she’s older,” he said. “I wouldn’t want to pick up something to give to her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He emphasized the efficacy of this year’s flu shot against the prevailing flu strain, urging individuals to capitalize on this preventative measure along with the latest COVID-19 booster. He said it’s definitely not too late to protect yourself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s health department strongly recommends that San Franciscans take what they describe as “simple but effective actions” to stay healthy this holiday season. Stay home if you’re sick, test for COVID-19 and seek treatment if you test positive.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1985786/bay-area-covid-flu-cases-on-the-rise-but-not-surging-like-last-year","authors":["11229"],"categories":["science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_4368","science_5181"],"featImg":"science_1985801","label":"science"},"science_1985749":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1985749","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1985749","score":null,"sort":[1702332023000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"why-some-doctors-are-pushing-hollywood-to-depict-death-and-dying-more-realistically-on-tv","title":"Why Some Doctors Are Pushing Hollywood to Depict Death and Dying More Realistically on TV","publishDate":1702332023,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Why Some Doctors Are Pushing Hollywood to Depict Death and Dying More Realistically on TV | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>We’ve seen it so many times: A young, handsome man rushed into the emergency room with a gunshot wound. A flurry of white coats racing the clock. CPR, the heart zapper, the order for a scalpel. Stat! Then, finally, the flatline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is Dr. Shoshana Ungerleider’s biggest pet peeve. Where are the TV scripts about the elderly grandmothers dying of heart failure at home? What about an episode on the daughter still grieving her father’s fatal lung cancer 10 years later?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Acute, violent death is portrayed many, many, many times more than a natural death,” said Ungerleider, a practicing internal medicine doctor at California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco and the founder of \u003ca href=\"https://endwellproject.org/\">End Well\u003c/a>, a nonprofit focused on shifting the American conversation around death.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Dr. Shoshana Ungerleider, founder of End Well\"]‘We’re trying to embed ourselves within Hollywood. Our goal is to encourage them to write different kinds of inspiring, nuanced and diverse storylines that are more representative of what’s actually possible.’[/pullquote]Don’t even get her started on all the miraculous CPR recoveries where people’s eyes flutter open and they pop out of the hospital the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All these television tropes are causing real harm and ignore the complexity and choices people face at the end of life, Ungerleider said. They create unrealistic expectations that incurable diseases can be cured and false hope that our dying loved one won’t actually die, she added. And that has people begging for aggressive, painful treatments that will never work when they could be focusing on saying goodbye.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Flipping the script on death\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Ungerleider thinks Hollywood can do better. Through End Well’s annual speakers’ conference and collaboration with entertainment experts at USC Annenberg, she is on a mission to influence writers and producers to flip the script on the American way of death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to embed ourselves within Hollywood,” she said. “Our goal is to encourage them to write different kinds of inspiring, nuanced and diverse storylines that are more representative of what’s actually possible.” End Well’s signature conference — a kind of TED-style symposium on death and dying — has been held in San Francisco since 2017. But this November, Ungerleider moved it to Los Angeles so a few dozen writers, producers, and social media influencers could attend alongside the hundreds of hospice nurses and grief counselors in the audience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985764\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/12/EndWell2023070-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985764\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/12/EndWell2023070-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A crowd of people sit in a large auditorium and watch a female speaker on a stage, with a screen behind her.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/12/EndWell2023070-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/12/EndWell2023070-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/12/EndWell2023070-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/12/EndWell2023070-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/12/EndWell2023070-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/12/EndWell2023070-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/12/EndWell2023070-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/12/EndWell2023070-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">About 600 attendees listened to a day’s worth of TED-style talks about death and dying at the End Well conference in Los Angeles in November 2023. Thousands more tuned into the livestream. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of End Well)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The speaker’s stage was also studded with stars. Talk show host and former Rockette, Amanda Kloots, talked about losing her husband to COVID-19. Comedian Tig Notaro told jokes about being diagnosed with breast cancer. Actress Yvette Nicole Brown, from network sitcoms like NBC’s \u003ci>Community\u003c/i> and CBS’ \u003ci>The Odd Couple\u003c/i>, was the emcee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When my mom passed, I called all my friends whose mom had passed before and apologized,” Brown said. “Because until this moment, I had no idea. And my ‘It’s going to be better tomorrow’ and ‘She’s in a better place’ — that helps, not at all. And I now know that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While other actors use their platforms to campaign against higher-profile causes like climate change and world poverty, Brown is using hers to talk about taking care of her father before he died.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Talk about death’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“If you are a writer or producer or a comedian, talk about grief. Talk about death,” she told the conference audience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>End Well also collaborates with researchers at USC Annenberg’s \u003ca href=\"https://hollywoodhealthandsociety.org/about-us/\">Hollywood, Health & Society\u003c/a> program, which offers free consultations with medical experts to TV and movie writers. It was launched in 2001 with funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, recognizing that entertainment profoundly impacts viewers’ health knowledge and behavior.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Yvette Nicole Brown, actress\"]‘If you are a writer or producer or a comedian, talk about grief. Talk about death.’[/pullquote]The program’s \u003ca href=\"https://endwellproject.org/pdf-death-on-tv/\">linguistic analysis\u003c/a> of TV and film scripts found writers were 82 times more likely to use the word “killing” and 30 times more likely to use the word “murder” than they were to use any one of 16 end-of-life terms, including “hospice,” “last will and testament,” or “chronic conditions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ungerleider hopes writers will consult with her on how to portray end-of-life more accurately or read \u003ca href=\"https://endwellproject.org/pdf-death-on-tv/\">End Well’s white paper\u003c/a> on diversifying and expanding their storylines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said some shows are getting it right, like the last season of \u003ci>This Is Us \u003c/i>on NBC, which depicted Rebecca Pearson, the show’s matriarch, played by Mandy Moore, dying of Alzheimer’s and also featured several family discussions around advance planning and caretaking. Also notable, she said, is a depiction of hospice at home on the Netflix show \u003cem>From Scratch\u003c/em> and a storyline from ABC’s \u003ci>A Million Little Things\u003c/i> about a man with cancer choosing to end his life with aid-in-dying medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at USC are also working to understand what’s stopping most producers from using more realistic death narratives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Entertainment is still a profit-driven system and the bottom line is viewership,” said Erica Rosenthal, director of research at USC Annenberg’s Norman Lear Center, which examines entertainment’s social, cultural and political impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And viewers want comfort and humor from their entertainment, she said. According to the group’s research from 2022, Hollywood executives were wary of storylines about death and dying, fearing they would alienate viewers who were already hungover from the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Making end-of-life care funny\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“There was a bit of a backlash against heavy-handed health storylines,” Rosenthal said, noting that comes with some real challenges for writers: “How do you make end-of-life care funny?”[aside postID=\"news_11838180,news_11813006,news_11810405\" label=\"Related coverage\"]Some industry outliers are convinced they can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Death stories don’t have to be sad or sappy or depressing. You can tell death stories and laugh and learn,” said J.J. Duncan, the showrunner of the \u003ci>Gentle Art of Swedish Death Cleaning\u003c/i>, a new reality show on Peacock, narrated by Amy Poehler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What is Swedish death cleaning, you say?” Poehler asks in the show’s trailer. “Basically, cleaning out your crap so that others don’t have to do it when you’re gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the show’s first episode, three Swedes help a 75-year-old woman, Suzi Sanderson, sort through her belongings and her memories, which include working as a singing waitress in Aspen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I sang there for 11 years. And then I got married, and well, I have to tell the truth, it ruined my sex life,” she said, sending the Swedes into a fit of laughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hollywood is slowly opening up, Duncan said, who couldn’t believe producers were willing to do a show with the word “death” in the title.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean, that alone is amazing,” she said. “We had studio people say, ‘Oh, don’t say death too much,’ because it’s scary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any good story has set up, conflict, and resolution, Duncan added. Maybe a hero’s journey. And there’s no reason death can’t fit into the formula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Many clinicians who work with people at the end of life say the most common television depictions of death aren’t representative of what happens in the real world. They want to flip the script.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1705619391,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1331},"headData":{"title":"Why Some Doctors Are Pushing Hollywood to Depict Death and Dying More Realistically on TV | KQED","description":"Many clinicians who work with people at the end of life say the most common television depictions of death aren’t representative of what happens in the real world. They want to flip the script.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Why Some Doctors Are Pushing Hollywood to Depict Death and Dying More Realistically on TV","datePublished":"2023-12-11T22:00:23.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-18T23:09:51.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/2e047d34-60c4-49c0-a0be-b0c7010eedf4/audio.mp3","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1985749/why-some-doctors-are-pushing-hollywood-to-depict-death-and-dying-more-realistically-on-tv","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>We’ve seen it so many times: A young, handsome man rushed into the emergency room with a gunshot wound. A flurry of white coats racing the clock. CPR, the heart zapper, the order for a scalpel. Stat! Then, finally, the flatline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is Dr. Shoshana Ungerleider’s biggest pet peeve. Where are the TV scripts about the elderly grandmothers dying of heart failure at home? What about an episode on the daughter still grieving her father’s fatal lung cancer 10 years later?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Acute, violent death is portrayed many, many, many times more than a natural death,” said Ungerleider, a practicing internal medicine doctor at California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco and the founder of \u003ca href=\"https://endwellproject.org/\">End Well\u003c/a>, a nonprofit focused on shifting the American conversation around death.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘We’re trying to embed ourselves within Hollywood. Our goal is to encourage them to write different kinds of inspiring, nuanced and diverse storylines that are more representative of what’s actually possible.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Dr. Shoshana Ungerleider, founder of End Well","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Don’t even get her started on all the miraculous CPR recoveries where people’s eyes flutter open and they pop out of the hospital the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All these television tropes are causing real harm and ignore the complexity and choices people face at the end of life, Ungerleider said. They create unrealistic expectations that incurable diseases can be cured and false hope that our dying loved one won’t actually die, she added. And that has people begging for aggressive, painful treatments that will never work when they could be focusing on saying goodbye.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Flipping the script on death\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Ungerleider thinks Hollywood can do better. Through End Well’s annual speakers’ conference and collaboration with entertainment experts at USC Annenberg, she is on a mission to influence writers and producers to flip the script on the American way of death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to embed ourselves within Hollywood,” she said. “Our goal is to encourage them to write different kinds of inspiring, nuanced and diverse storylines that are more representative of what’s actually possible.” End Well’s signature conference — a kind of TED-style symposium on death and dying — has been held in San Francisco since 2017. But this November, Ungerleider moved it to Los Angeles so a few dozen writers, producers, and social media influencers could attend alongside the hundreds of hospice nurses and grief counselors in the audience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985764\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/12/EndWell2023070-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985764\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/12/EndWell2023070-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A crowd of people sit in a large auditorium and watch a female speaker on a stage, with a screen behind her.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/12/EndWell2023070-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/12/EndWell2023070-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/12/EndWell2023070-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/12/EndWell2023070-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/12/EndWell2023070-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/12/EndWell2023070-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/12/EndWell2023070-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/12/EndWell2023070-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">About 600 attendees listened to a day’s worth of TED-style talks about death and dying at the End Well conference in Los Angeles in November 2023. Thousands more tuned into the livestream. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of End Well)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The speaker’s stage was also studded with stars. Talk show host and former Rockette, Amanda Kloots, talked about losing her husband to COVID-19. Comedian Tig Notaro told jokes about being diagnosed with breast cancer. Actress Yvette Nicole Brown, from network sitcoms like NBC’s \u003ci>Community\u003c/i> and CBS’ \u003ci>The Odd Couple\u003c/i>, was the emcee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When my mom passed, I called all my friends whose mom had passed before and apologized,” Brown said. “Because until this moment, I had no idea. And my ‘It’s going to be better tomorrow’ and ‘She’s in a better place’ — that helps, not at all. And I now know that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While other actors use their platforms to campaign against higher-profile causes like climate change and world poverty, Brown is using hers to talk about taking care of her father before he died.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Talk about death’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“If you are a writer or producer or a comedian, talk about grief. Talk about death,” she told the conference audience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>End Well also collaborates with researchers at USC Annenberg’s \u003ca href=\"https://hollywoodhealthandsociety.org/about-us/\">Hollywood, Health & Society\u003c/a> program, which offers free consultations with medical experts to TV and movie writers. It was launched in 2001 with funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, recognizing that entertainment profoundly impacts viewers’ health knowledge and behavior.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘If you are a writer or producer or a comedian, talk about grief. Talk about death.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Yvette Nicole Brown, actress","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The program’s \u003ca href=\"https://endwellproject.org/pdf-death-on-tv/\">linguistic analysis\u003c/a> of TV and film scripts found writers were 82 times more likely to use the word “killing” and 30 times more likely to use the word “murder” than they were to use any one of 16 end-of-life terms, including “hospice,” “last will and testament,” or “chronic conditions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ungerleider hopes writers will consult with her on how to portray end-of-life more accurately or read \u003ca href=\"https://endwellproject.org/pdf-death-on-tv/\">End Well’s white paper\u003c/a> on diversifying and expanding their storylines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said some shows are getting it right, like the last season of \u003ci>This Is Us \u003c/i>on NBC, which depicted Rebecca Pearson, the show’s matriarch, played by Mandy Moore, dying of Alzheimer’s and also featured several family discussions around advance planning and caretaking. Also notable, she said, is a depiction of hospice at home on the Netflix show \u003cem>From Scratch\u003c/em> and a storyline from ABC’s \u003ci>A Million Little Things\u003c/i> about a man with cancer choosing to end his life with aid-in-dying medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at USC are also working to understand what’s stopping most producers from using more realistic death narratives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Entertainment is still a profit-driven system and the bottom line is viewership,” said Erica Rosenthal, director of research at USC Annenberg’s Norman Lear Center, which examines entertainment’s social, cultural and political impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And viewers want comfort and humor from their entertainment, she said. According to the group’s research from 2022, Hollywood executives were wary of storylines about death and dying, fearing they would alienate viewers who were already hungover from the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Making end-of-life care funny\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“There was a bit of a backlash against heavy-handed health storylines,” Rosenthal said, noting that comes with some real challenges for writers: “How do you make end-of-life care funny?”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11838180,news_11813006,news_11810405","label":"Related coverage "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Some industry outliers are convinced they can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Death stories don’t have to be sad or sappy or depressing. You can tell death stories and laugh and learn,” said J.J. Duncan, the showrunner of the \u003ci>Gentle Art of Swedish Death Cleaning\u003c/i>, a new reality show on Peacock, narrated by Amy Poehler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What is Swedish death cleaning, you say?” Poehler asks in the show’s trailer. “Basically, cleaning out your crap so that others don’t have to do it when you’re gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the show’s first episode, three Swedes help a 75-year-old woman, Suzi Sanderson, sort through her belongings and her memories, which include working as a singing waitress in Aspen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I sang there for 11 years. And then I got married, and well, I have to tell the truth, it ruined my sex life,” she said, sending the Swedes into a fit of laughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hollywood is slowly opening up, Duncan said, who couldn’t believe producers were willing to do a show with the word “death” in the title.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean, that alone is amazing,” she said. “We had studio people say, ‘Oh, don’t say death too much,’ because it’s scary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any good story has set up, conflict, and resolution, Duncan added. Maybe a hero’s journey. And there’s no reason death can’t fit into the formula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1985749/why-some-doctors-are-pushing-hollywood-to-depict-death-and-dying-more-realistically-on-tv","authors":["3205"],"categories":["science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_4417","science_5181"],"featImg":"science_1985763","label":"science"},"science_1985295":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1985295","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1985295","score":null,"sort":[1699999247000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-climate-change-affects-your-life-in-the-us","title":"How Climate Change Affects Your Life in the US","publishDate":1699999247,"format":"aside","headTitle":"How Climate Change Affects Your Life in the US | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985305\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985305\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/fema-1_custom-b66ce655e4b269118416609d9fcc1af1f259f12a-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"867\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/fema-1_custom-b66ce655e4b269118416609d9fcc1af1f259f12a-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/fema-1_custom-b66ce655e4b269118416609d9fcc1af1f259f12a-s1300-c85-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/fema-1_custom-b66ce655e4b269118416609d9fcc1af1f259f12a-s1300-c85-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/fema-1_custom-b66ce655e4b269118416609d9fcc1af1f259f12a-s1300-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/fema-1_custom-b66ce655e4b269118416609d9fcc1af1f259f12a-s1300-c85-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Climate change causes tens of billions of dollars in economic damage in the United States every year, according to a new assessment. Many survivors of climate-driven disasters, including hurricanes, floods and wildfires, struggle for months or even years to repair their homes or find new stable housing. Here, a Louisiana home damaged by a hurricane sits waiting for unaffordable repairs. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Climate change is expensive, deadly and preventable, according to the new National Climate Assessment, the most sweeping, sophisticated federal analysis of climate change compiled to date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Released every five years, the National Climate Assessment is a congressionally mandated evaluation of the effects of climate change on American life. This new fifth edition paints a picture of a nation simultaneously beset by climate-driven disasters and capable of dramatically reducing emissions of planet-warming gasses in the near future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the first time the assessment includes standalone chapters about climate change’s toll on the American economy, as well as the complex social factors driving climate change and the nation’s responses. And, unlike past installments, the new assessment draws heavily from social science, including history, sociology, philosophy and Indigenous studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new approach adds context and relevance to the assessment’s robust scientific findings and underscores the disproportionate danger that climate change poses to poor people, marginalized communities, older Americans, and those who work outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate change affects us all, but it doesn’t affect us all equally,” says climate scientist Katharine Hayhoe, one of the authors of the assessment. But threaded throughout the report are case studies and research summaries highlighting ways “climate action can create a more resilient and just country,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is also the first time the National Climate Assessment will be translated into Spanish, although the Spanish-language version won’t be available until the spring, according to the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Climate Assessment is extremely influential in legal and policy circles, and affects everything from court cases about who should foot the bill for wildfire damage to local decisions about how tall to build coastal flood barriers. “It really shapes the way that people understand, and therefore act, in relation to climate change,” says Michael Burger, the director of the Sabin Center for Climate Change Law at Columbia University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of scientists from universities, industry, and federal agencies contributed to the report. They reviewed cutting-edge research published since the last report and contextualized it in decades of foundational climate research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fifth edition of the assessment arrives as millions of Americans struggle with the effects of a hotter Earth. Dramatic and deadly wildfires, floods and heat waves killed hundreds of people in the United States in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, while federal spending on renewable energy and disaster preparedness has increased, the U.S. is also \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/29/1166802809/gulf-of-mexico-oil-gas-leases-drilling\">investing in new fossil fuel infrastructure\u003c/a> that is incompatible with avoiding catastrophic warming later this century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are the three big takeaways from the \u003ca href=\"https://nca2023.globalchange.gov/\">Fifth National Climate Assessment\u003c/a>. More information about the specific effects of climate change in your area can be found in the assessment’s \u003ca href=\"https://nca2023.globalchange.gov/chapter/22/\">regional chapters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985296\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985296\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap20216281153675_custom-1d05a45fb29ce62970daa40e712f1e61d079949e-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Windmills is seen on a backdrop of orange skies.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1705\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap20216281153675_custom-1d05a45fb29ce62970daa40e712f1e61d079949e-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap20216281153675_custom-1d05a45fb29ce62970daa40e712f1e61d079949e-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap20216281153675_custom-1d05a45fb29ce62970daa40e712f1e61d079949e-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap20216281153675_custom-1d05a45fb29ce62970daa40e712f1e61d079949e-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap20216281153675_custom-1d05a45fb29ce62970daa40e712f1e61d079949e-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap20216281153675_custom-1d05a45fb29ce62970daa40e712f1e61d079949e-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap20216281153675_custom-1d05a45fb29ce62970daa40e712f1e61d079949e-2048x1364.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap20216281153675_custom-1d05a45fb29ce62970daa40e712f1e61d079949e-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Windmills near Whitewater, Calif., in 2020. Reducing fossil fuel use and investing more in renewable energy sources such as wind will help the U.S. avoid billions of dollars of economic costs and help Americans live longer, healthier lives, according to the Fifth National Climate Assessment. \u003ccite>(AP Photo/Ringo H.W. Chiu)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Climate change makes life more expensive\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Food, housing, labor — it all gets pricier as the Earth heats up, according to the National Climate Assessment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate-driven weather disasters, like heat waves, floods, hurricanes and wildfires, are particularly expensive. They destroy homes and businesses, wreck crops and create supply shortages by delaying trucks, ships and trains. Such disasters make it more likely that families will go bankrupt, and that municipal governments will run deficits, the authors note.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weather-related disasters in the U.S. cause about $150 billion each year in direct losses, according to the report. That’s a lot of money — roughly equal to the annual budget for the Energy Department — and it’s only expected to go up as the Earth gets hotter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/billion-dollar-disasters-us-20231107/?initialWidth=1288&childId=responsive-embed-billion-dollar-disasters-us-20231107&parentTitle=How%20climate%20change%20affects%20life%20in%20the%20U.S.%20%3A%20NPR&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2023%2F11%2F14%2F1206506962%2Fclimate-change-affects-your-life-in-3-big-ways-a-new-report-warns\" width=\"1000\" height=\"850\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s all before factoring in the less obvious or tangible costs of climate change. For example, healthcare bills for people who are sicker because of extreme heat or have respiratory illness brought on by breathing in mold after a flood. Exposure to wildfire smoke alone costs billions of dollars a year in lost earnings, the assessment notes — a burden that falls disproportionately on poor people who work outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The research indicates that people who are lower income have more trouble adapting [to climate change] because adaptation comes at a cost,” says Solomon Hsiang, a climate economist at the University of California, Berkeley and a lead author of the assessment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, one of the simplest ways to adapt to severe heat waves is to run your air conditioner more. But “if people can’t pay for it, then [they] can’t protect themselves,” explains Hsiang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the hotter it gets, the more profound the economic harm, assessment warns. Twice as much planetary warming leads to more than twice as much economic harm, the assessment warns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1985298\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/20230825-_dsc8063_slide-4e6669f7eb264958eac6f36ad2bfc98e49e293db-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1706\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/20230825-_dsc8063_slide-4e6669f7eb264958eac6f36ad2bfc98e49e293db-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/20230825-_dsc8063_slide-4e6669f7eb264958eac6f36ad2bfc98e49e293db-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/20230825-_dsc8063_slide-4e6669f7eb264958eac6f36ad2bfc98e49e293db-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/20230825-_dsc8063_slide-4e6669f7eb264958eac6f36ad2bfc98e49e293db-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/20230825-_dsc8063_slide-4e6669f7eb264958eac6f36ad2bfc98e49e293db-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/20230825-_dsc8063_slide-4e6669f7eb264958eac6f36ad2bfc98e49e293db-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/20230825-_dsc8063_slide-4e6669f7eb264958eac6f36ad2bfc98e49e293db-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/20230825-_dsc8063_slide-4e6669f7eb264958eac6f36ad2bfc98e49e293db-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Climate change makes people sick and often kills them\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Since the previous NCA was released five years ago, the health costs of climate change have gone from theoretical to personal for many Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most obvious risk? Extreme weather, particularly heat, says Mary Hayden, the lead author of the chapter examining human health. Heat waves have become hotter, longer, and more dangerous, and they’re hitting areas that aren’t ready for them — like the “record-shattering” heat dome that descended on the Pacific Northwest in 2021 and caused hundreds of deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not just heat. Wildfire smoke can send people thousands of miles from the fires to hospitals with respiratory problems and heart disease complications. Hurricanes can disrupt people’s access to healthcare: when a clinic is flooded or people are displaced, for example, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9529177/\">kidney patients can’t get dialysis treatment\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In most cases, the people who bear the brunt of the disasters are those already at risk: poor communities, communities of color, women, people with disabilities, and other marginalized groups. Temperatures in formerly redlined neighborhoods in cities across the country can\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/14/795961381/racist-housing-practices-from-the-1930s-linked-to-hotter-neighborhoods-today\"> soar nearly 15 degrees Fahrenheit hotter\u003c/a> than wealthier areas just blocks away, putting residents at a much higher risk of heat exposure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The assessment also homes in on research tracking less-obvious health impacts. Living through climate disasters, for example, can leave lasting emotional scars. “We’re not just talking about [people’s] physical health — we’re talking about their mental health. We’re talking about their spiritual health. We’re talking about the health and well-being of communities that are being affected by this,” Hayden says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means recognizing the long-term effects on communities like Paradise, California, where people still deal with \u003ca href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/4/1487\">deep emotional trauma\u003c/a> five years after their town burned in the 2018 Camp Fire. The report also flags the growing emotional toll on children and young people, for whom anxiety about the future of the planet is bleeding into all parts of their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1985299\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/mg_2639-enhanced-nr-e29d7c7e3b36de7b81d92f4533a05120d38427f0.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2220\" height=\"1665\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/mg_2639-enhanced-nr-e29d7c7e3b36de7b81d92f4533a05120d38427f0.jpg 2220w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/mg_2639-enhanced-nr-e29d7c7e3b36de7b81d92f4533a05120d38427f0-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/mg_2639-enhanced-nr-e29d7c7e3b36de7b81d92f4533a05120d38427f0-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/mg_2639-enhanced-nr-e29d7c7e3b36de7b81d92f4533a05120d38427f0-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/mg_2639-enhanced-nr-e29d7c7e3b36de7b81d92f4533a05120d38427f0-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/mg_2639-enhanced-nr-e29d7c7e3b36de7b81d92f4533a05120d38427f0-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/mg_2639-enhanced-nr-e29d7c7e3b36de7b81d92f4533a05120d38427f0-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/mg_2639-enhanced-nr-e29d7c7e3b36de7b81d92f4533a05120d38427f0-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2220px) 100vw, 2220px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Climate change threatens people’s special, sacred places and practices\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The places, cultural practices, and traditions that anchor many communities are also in flux because of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fishing communities are seeing their livelihoods shift or collapse. The Northeast’s iconic lobster fishery, the single most economically valuable in the country, has\u003ca href=\"https://nca5preview.globalchange.gov/chapter/10/#key-message-2\"> withered as marine heatwaves sweep through the regional seas\u003c/a>. Shrinking snowpack and too-warm temperatures are interrupting opportunities for beloved recreational activities,\u003ca href=\"https://nca5preview.globalchange.gov/chapter/27/#key-message-3\"> like skiing or ice fishing\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indigenous communities are being forced to adjust to new climate realities, which are disrupting traditional food-gathering traditions. In Palau, a monthly tradition of catching fish at a particularly low tide has been upset by sea-level rise, which keeps water levels too high to trap fish in the historically used\u003ca href=\"https://nca5preview.globalchange.gov/chapter/30/#fig-30-6\"> places\u003c/a>. Sea-level rise is also forcing coastal communities to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/06/1204923950/arizona-california-new-jersey-climate-flood-wildfire-drought-building-homes\">re-think their very existence,\u003c/a> pulling apart the social fabric that has developed over generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many communities — Indigenous people, farmers and fishers, groups that have lived tightly connected to their environments for a long time — have deep stores of resilience from which to draw, says Elizabeth Marino, a sociologist and the lead author of the chapter on social transformations. “There is quite a lot of wisdom in place to adapt to and even mitigate climate change,” she says. “It allows people to come up with solutions that fit the lives that they lead, and that’s also a place of hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The fixes to climate change can make Americans’ lives better\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The fifth assessment lays out a stark picture of the climate challenges the U.S. faces. Keeping planetary warming to “well below” 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit), the goal of the international Paris Agreement will require immediate, enormous cuts to fossil fuel emissions in the U.S. and beyond. Keeping warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit), an ambitious target written into the Agreement, will be even harder, the report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also points out many successful efforts underway to adapt to the new reality and to prevent worse outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not the message that if we don’t hit 1.5 degrees, we’re all going to die,” Hayhoe says. “It’s the message that everything we do matters. Every 10th of a degree of warming we avoid, there’s a benefit to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Addressing fossil fuel-driven climate change can also help people live healthier lives, stresses J. Jason West, the lead author of a chapter on air quality. Dialing back fossil fuel emissions would help prevent further climate change and also lessen the kinds of air pollution most harmful to human health.” There really is a lot of opportunity to take action that would resolve both of those problems at the same time,” West says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s been a subtle shift in the report’s perspective since the last one, says Candis Callison, a sociologist and author of the report. There’s now a clear acknowledgment, developed through years of rigorous research, that the fossil fuel-powered society the U.S. built over generations was profoundly unjust. Many pollution-producing coal or gas power plants were \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/12/05/1061600376/communities-of-color-face-disproportionate-exposure-to-pollution\">sited in communities of color\u003c/a> rather than white communities, affecting people’s health outcomes for generations. And decisions about land and water use for energy extraction \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/04/27/1172273665/tribal-nations-were-once-excluded-from-colorado-river-talks-now-theyre-key-playe\">often excluded tribal communities\u003c/a>, with consequences still playing out today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The transition forward can look different, she says. “Climate change actually provides us with an opportunity to address some of those inequities and injustices — and to respond to these impacts,” Callison says. “That’s really a powerful thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Climate+change+affects+your+life+in+3+big+ways%2C+a+new+report+warns&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Climate change costs tens of billions of dollars each year, harms Americans' health and disrupts everyday life, including how we work, eat, play and mourn, according to a major new assessment.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704845829,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/billion-dollar-disasters-us-20231107/"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":39,"wordCount":1897},"headData":{"title":"How Climate Change Affects Your Life in the US | KQED","description":"Climate change costs tens of billions of dollars each year, harms Americans' health and disrupts everyday life, including how we work, eat, play and mourn, according to a major new assessment.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How Climate Change Affects Your Life in the US","datePublished":"2023-11-14T22:00:47.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:17:09.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"NPR","sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"Ringo H.W. Chiu","nprByline":"Alejandra Borunda, Lauren Sommer, Rebecca Hersher","nprImageAgency":"AP","nprStoryId":"1206506962","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1206506962&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/14/1206506962/climate-change-affects-your-life-in-3-big-ways-a-new-report-warns?ft=nprml&f=1206506962","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 14 Nov 2023 08:07:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 14 Nov 2023 05:00:46 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 14 Nov 2023 05:37:33 -0500","nprAudio":"https://play.podtrac.com/npr-191676894/ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2023/11/20231114_me_climate_change_affects_your_life_in_3_big_ways_a_new_report_warns.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1167&d=211&p=3&story=1206506962&ft=nprml&f=1206506962","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/11212836760-e56aaa.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1167&d=211&p=3&story=1206506962&ft=nprml&f=1206506962","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1985295/how-climate-change-affects-your-life-in-the-us","audioUrl":"https://play.podtrac.com/npr-191676894/ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2023/11/20231114_me_climate_change_affects_your_life_in_3_big_ways_a_new_report_warns.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1167&d=211&p=3&story=1206506962&ft=nprml&f=1206506962","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985305\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985305\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/fema-1_custom-b66ce655e4b269118416609d9fcc1af1f259f12a-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"867\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/fema-1_custom-b66ce655e4b269118416609d9fcc1af1f259f12a-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/fema-1_custom-b66ce655e4b269118416609d9fcc1af1f259f12a-s1300-c85-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/fema-1_custom-b66ce655e4b269118416609d9fcc1af1f259f12a-s1300-c85-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/fema-1_custom-b66ce655e4b269118416609d9fcc1af1f259f12a-s1300-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/fema-1_custom-b66ce655e4b269118416609d9fcc1af1f259f12a-s1300-c85-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Climate change causes tens of billions of dollars in economic damage in the United States every year, according to a new assessment. Many survivors of climate-driven disasters, including hurricanes, floods and wildfires, struggle for months or even years to repair their homes or find new stable housing. Here, a Louisiana home damaged by a hurricane sits waiting for unaffordable repairs. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Climate change is expensive, deadly and preventable, according to the new National Climate Assessment, the most sweeping, sophisticated federal analysis of climate change compiled to date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Released every five years, the National Climate Assessment is a congressionally mandated evaluation of the effects of climate change on American life. This new fifth edition paints a picture of a nation simultaneously beset by climate-driven disasters and capable of dramatically reducing emissions of planet-warming gasses in the near future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the first time the assessment includes standalone chapters about climate change’s toll on the American economy, as well as the complex social factors driving climate change and the nation’s responses. And, unlike past installments, the new assessment draws heavily from social science, including history, sociology, philosophy and Indigenous studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new approach adds context and relevance to the assessment’s robust scientific findings and underscores the disproportionate danger that climate change poses to poor people, marginalized communities, older Americans, and those who work outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate change affects us all, but it doesn’t affect us all equally,” says climate scientist Katharine Hayhoe, one of the authors of the assessment. But threaded throughout the report are case studies and research summaries highlighting ways “climate action can create a more resilient and just country,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is also the first time the National Climate Assessment will be translated into Spanish, although the Spanish-language version won’t be available until the spring, according to the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Climate Assessment is extremely influential in legal and policy circles, and affects everything from court cases about who should foot the bill for wildfire damage to local decisions about how tall to build coastal flood barriers. “It really shapes the way that people understand, and therefore act, in relation to climate change,” says Michael Burger, the director of the Sabin Center for Climate Change Law at Columbia University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of scientists from universities, industry, and federal agencies contributed to the report. They reviewed cutting-edge research published since the last report and contextualized it in decades of foundational climate research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fifth edition of the assessment arrives as millions of Americans struggle with the effects of a hotter Earth. Dramatic and deadly wildfires, floods and heat waves killed hundreds of people in the United States in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, while federal spending on renewable energy and disaster preparedness has increased, the U.S. is also \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/29/1166802809/gulf-of-mexico-oil-gas-leases-drilling\">investing in new fossil fuel infrastructure\u003c/a> that is incompatible with avoiding catastrophic warming later this century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are the three big takeaways from the \u003ca href=\"https://nca2023.globalchange.gov/\">Fifth National Climate Assessment\u003c/a>. More information about the specific effects of climate change in your area can be found in the assessment’s \u003ca href=\"https://nca2023.globalchange.gov/chapter/22/\">regional chapters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985296\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985296\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap20216281153675_custom-1d05a45fb29ce62970daa40e712f1e61d079949e-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Windmills is seen on a backdrop of orange skies.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1705\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap20216281153675_custom-1d05a45fb29ce62970daa40e712f1e61d079949e-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap20216281153675_custom-1d05a45fb29ce62970daa40e712f1e61d079949e-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap20216281153675_custom-1d05a45fb29ce62970daa40e712f1e61d079949e-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap20216281153675_custom-1d05a45fb29ce62970daa40e712f1e61d079949e-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap20216281153675_custom-1d05a45fb29ce62970daa40e712f1e61d079949e-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap20216281153675_custom-1d05a45fb29ce62970daa40e712f1e61d079949e-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap20216281153675_custom-1d05a45fb29ce62970daa40e712f1e61d079949e-2048x1364.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap20216281153675_custom-1d05a45fb29ce62970daa40e712f1e61d079949e-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Windmills near Whitewater, Calif., in 2020. Reducing fossil fuel use and investing more in renewable energy sources such as wind will help the U.S. avoid billions of dollars of economic costs and help Americans live longer, healthier lives, according to the Fifth National Climate Assessment. \u003ccite>(AP Photo/Ringo H.W. Chiu)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Climate change makes life more expensive\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Food, housing, labor — it all gets pricier as the Earth heats up, according to the National Climate Assessment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate-driven weather disasters, like heat waves, floods, hurricanes and wildfires, are particularly expensive. They destroy homes and businesses, wreck crops and create supply shortages by delaying trucks, ships and trains. Such disasters make it more likely that families will go bankrupt, and that municipal governments will run deficits, the authors note.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weather-related disasters in the U.S. cause about $150 billion each year in direct losses, according to the report. That’s a lot of money — roughly equal to the annual budget for the Energy Department — and it’s only expected to go up as the Earth gets hotter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/billion-dollar-disasters-us-20231107/?initialWidth=1288&childId=responsive-embed-billion-dollar-disasters-us-20231107&parentTitle=How%20climate%20change%20affects%20life%20in%20the%20U.S.%20%3A%20NPR&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2023%2F11%2F14%2F1206506962%2Fclimate-change-affects-your-life-in-3-big-ways-a-new-report-warns\" width=\"1000\" height=\"850\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s all before factoring in the less obvious or tangible costs of climate change. For example, healthcare bills for people who are sicker because of extreme heat or have respiratory illness brought on by breathing in mold after a flood. Exposure to wildfire smoke alone costs billions of dollars a year in lost earnings, the assessment notes — a burden that falls disproportionately on poor people who work outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The research indicates that people who are lower income have more trouble adapting [to climate change] because adaptation comes at a cost,” says Solomon Hsiang, a climate economist at the University of California, Berkeley and a lead author of the assessment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, one of the simplest ways to adapt to severe heat waves is to run your air conditioner more. But “if people can’t pay for it, then [they] can’t protect themselves,” explains Hsiang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the hotter it gets, the more profound the economic harm, assessment warns. Twice as much planetary warming leads to more than twice as much economic harm, the assessment warns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1985298\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/20230825-_dsc8063_slide-4e6669f7eb264958eac6f36ad2bfc98e49e293db-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1706\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/20230825-_dsc8063_slide-4e6669f7eb264958eac6f36ad2bfc98e49e293db-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/20230825-_dsc8063_slide-4e6669f7eb264958eac6f36ad2bfc98e49e293db-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/20230825-_dsc8063_slide-4e6669f7eb264958eac6f36ad2bfc98e49e293db-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/20230825-_dsc8063_slide-4e6669f7eb264958eac6f36ad2bfc98e49e293db-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/20230825-_dsc8063_slide-4e6669f7eb264958eac6f36ad2bfc98e49e293db-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/20230825-_dsc8063_slide-4e6669f7eb264958eac6f36ad2bfc98e49e293db-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/20230825-_dsc8063_slide-4e6669f7eb264958eac6f36ad2bfc98e49e293db-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/20230825-_dsc8063_slide-4e6669f7eb264958eac6f36ad2bfc98e49e293db-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Climate change makes people sick and often kills them\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Since the previous NCA was released five years ago, the health costs of climate change have gone from theoretical to personal for many Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most obvious risk? Extreme weather, particularly heat, says Mary Hayden, the lead author of the chapter examining human health. Heat waves have become hotter, longer, and more dangerous, and they’re hitting areas that aren’t ready for them — like the “record-shattering” heat dome that descended on the Pacific Northwest in 2021 and caused hundreds of deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not just heat. Wildfire smoke can send people thousands of miles from the fires to hospitals with respiratory problems and heart disease complications. Hurricanes can disrupt people’s access to healthcare: when a clinic is flooded or people are displaced, for example, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9529177/\">kidney patients can’t get dialysis treatment\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In most cases, the people who bear the brunt of the disasters are those already at risk: poor communities, communities of color, women, people with disabilities, and other marginalized groups. Temperatures in formerly redlined neighborhoods in cities across the country can\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/14/795961381/racist-housing-practices-from-the-1930s-linked-to-hotter-neighborhoods-today\"> soar nearly 15 degrees Fahrenheit hotter\u003c/a> than wealthier areas just blocks away, putting residents at a much higher risk of heat exposure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The assessment also homes in on research tracking less-obvious health impacts. Living through climate disasters, for example, can leave lasting emotional scars. “We’re not just talking about [people’s] physical health — we’re talking about their mental health. We’re talking about their spiritual health. We’re talking about the health and well-being of communities that are being affected by this,” Hayden says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means recognizing the long-term effects on communities like Paradise, California, where people still deal with \u003ca href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/4/1487\">deep emotional trauma\u003c/a> five years after their town burned in the 2018 Camp Fire. The report also flags the growing emotional toll on children and young people, for whom anxiety about the future of the planet is bleeding into all parts of their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1985299\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/mg_2639-enhanced-nr-e29d7c7e3b36de7b81d92f4533a05120d38427f0.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2220\" height=\"1665\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/mg_2639-enhanced-nr-e29d7c7e3b36de7b81d92f4533a05120d38427f0.jpg 2220w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/mg_2639-enhanced-nr-e29d7c7e3b36de7b81d92f4533a05120d38427f0-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/mg_2639-enhanced-nr-e29d7c7e3b36de7b81d92f4533a05120d38427f0-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/mg_2639-enhanced-nr-e29d7c7e3b36de7b81d92f4533a05120d38427f0-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/mg_2639-enhanced-nr-e29d7c7e3b36de7b81d92f4533a05120d38427f0-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/mg_2639-enhanced-nr-e29d7c7e3b36de7b81d92f4533a05120d38427f0-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/mg_2639-enhanced-nr-e29d7c7e3b36de7b81d92f4533a05120d38427f0-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/mg_2639-enhanced-nr-e29d7c7e3b36de7b81d92f4533a05120d38427f0-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2220px) 100vw, 2220px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Climate change threatens people’s special, sacred places and practices\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The places, cultural practices, and traditions that anchor many communities are also in flux because of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fishing communities are seeing their livelihoods shift or collapse. The Northeast’s iconic lobster fishery, the single most economically valuable in the country, has\u003ca href=\"https://nca5preview.globalchange.gov/chapter/10/#key-message-2\"> withered as marine heatwaves sweep through the regional seas\u003c/a>. Shrinking snowpack and too-warm temperatures are interrupting opportunities for beloved recreational activities,\u003ca href=\"https://nca5preview.globalchange.gov/chapter/27/#key-message-3\"> like skiing or ice fishing\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indigenous communities are being forced to adjust to new climate realities, which are disrupting traditional food-gathering traditions. In Palau, a monthly tradition of catching fish at a particularly low tide has been upset by sea-level rise, which keeps water levels too high to trap fish in the historically used\u003ca href=\"https://nca5preview.globalchange.gov/chapter/30/#fig-30-6\"> places\u003c/a>. Sea-level rise is also forcing coastal communities to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/06/1204923950/arizona-california-new-jersey-climate-flood-wildfire-drought-building-homes\">re-think their very existence,\u003c/a> pulling apart the social fabric that has developed over generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many communities — Indigenous people, farmers and fishers, groups that have lived tightly connected to their environments for a long time — have deep stores of resilience from which to draw, says Elizabeth Marino, a sociologist and the lead author of the chapter on social transformations. “There is quite a lot of wisdom in place to adapt to and even mitigate climate change,” she says. “It allows people to come up with solutions that fit the lives that they lead, and that’s also a place of hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The fixes to climate change can make Americans’ lives better\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The fifth assessment lays out a stark picture of the climate challenges the U.S. faces. Keeping planetary warming to “well below” 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit), the goal of the international Paris Agreement will require immediate, enormous cuts to fossil fuel emissions in the U.S. and beyond. Keeping warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit), an ambitious target written into the Agreement, will be even harder, the report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also points out many successful efforts underway to adapt to the new reality and to prevent worse outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not the message that if we don’t hit 1.5 degrees, we’re all going to die,” Hayhoe says. “It’s the message that everything we do matters. Every 10th of a degree of warming we avoid, there’s a benefit to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Addressing fossil fuel-driven climate change can also help people live healthier lives, stresses J. Jason West, the lead author of a chapter on air quality. Dialing back fossil fuel emissions would help prevent further climate change and also lessen the kinds of air pollution most harmful to human health.” There really is a lot of opportunity to take action that would resolve both of those problems at the same time,” West says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s been a subtle shift in the report’s perspective since the last one, says Candis Callison, a sociologist and author of the report. There’s now a clear acknowledgment, developed through years of rigorous research, that the fossil fuel-powered society the U.S. built over generations was profoundly unjust. Many pollution-producing coal or gas power plants were \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/12/05/1061600376/communities-of-color-face-disproportionate-exposure-to-pollution\">sited in communities of color\u003c/a> rather than white communities, affecting people’s health outcomes for generations. And decisions about land and water use for energy extraction \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/04/27/1172273665/tribal-nations-were-once-excluded-from-colorado-river-talks-now-theyre-key-playe\">often excluded tribal communities\u003c/a>, with consequences still playing out today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The transition forward can look different, she says. “Climate change actually provides us with an opportunity to address some of those inequities and injustices — and to respond to these impacts,” Callison says. “That’s really a powerful thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Climate+change+affects+your+life+in+3+big+ways%2C+a+new+report+warns&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1985295/how-climate-change-affects-your-life-in-the-us","authors":["byline_science_1985295"],"categories":["science_31","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_182","science_194","science_3780","science_5181","science_113"],"featImg":"science_1985296","label":"source_science_1985295"},"science_1926793":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1926793","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1926793","score":null,"sort":[1695163556000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke","title":"How to Protect Yourself From Wildfire Smoke","publishDate":1695163556,"format":"standard","headTitle":"How to Protect Yourself From Wildfire Smoke | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1968711/como-protegerse-del-humo-de-incendios-forestales\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Leer en español.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People in the path of wildfire smoke can take certain precautionary measures to protect their lungs from smoke pollution. Older people, children and individuals with heart or respiratory conditions in particular are advised to filter air, limit outside activities or otherwise temporarily leave the affected area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children are especially sensitive to smoke pollution because their airways are still developing and they breathe more air per pound of body weight than adults, according to the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are the steps you can take to protect yourself and your loved ones from the dangers of wildfire smoke:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Check local air-quality reports.\u003c/strong> For real-time updates on the air quality in your neighborhood, plug in your ZIP code at the \u003ca href=\"https://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.local_state&stateid=5&mapcenter=0&tabs=0\">Environmental Protection Agency’s AirNow website\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Keep indoor air clean.\u003c/strong> Keep your house and car windows closed. Run an air conditioner, but keep the fresh-air intake closed to prevent outdoor smoke from infiltrating inside. To reduce exposure to smoke and smoke residue, the California Air Resources Board recommends mechanical air cleaners with a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter that collects very small particles and does not emit ozone or other harmful substances. These air cleaners can dramatically reduce indoor particle levels, in some cases by more than 90%. \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/research/indoor/aircleaners/certified.htm\">See devices that are certified by and legal in California.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>In homes without air-conditioning, keep doors and windows closed.\u003c/strong> This can \u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/airnow/wildfire_may2016.pdf\">reduce pollutant levels by 50% (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Avoid activities that increase indoor pollution.\u003c/strong> Burning candles, cooking on gas stoves and vacuuming can increase indoor pollution.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Wash your nose out and gargle\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>with clean water. \u003c/strong>Do this five times a day until the smoke subsides.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Take a shower and wash your clothing\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>after being outside.\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Wear a respirator mask if it helps you feel better, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/N95-mask-wildfire-smoke-San-Francisco-Bay-Area-14428384.php\">choose carefully\u003c/a>.\u003c/strong> Hardware stores and pharmacies sell N95 masks that filter out fine particles. Public safety officials caution that these masks don’t work well for everyone and are no substitute for spending as much time as you can indoors with sealed windows. The least effective options are one‐strap paper dust masks or surgical masks that hook around your ears — they don’t protect against fine particles.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Note that a cloth mask, such as those often used to prevent the spread of COVID-19, will not adequately protect lungs from particles found in wildfire smoke.\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>What’s in wildfire smoke?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/airnow/wildfire_may2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wildfire smoke (PDF)\u003c/a> is a shifting blend of gases and particles, including carbon dioxide, water vapor, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and other organic chemicals, nitrogen oxides and trace minerals. There are thousands of individual compounds, many of them toxic.[aside tag=\"smoke, wildfire\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]But what worries doctors most is the particulate matter in smoke, the tiny bits of feathery ash and dust-like soot, much of it invisible to the eye. They are especially worried about particulate matter less than 10 microns wide, known as PM 10. (By comparison, a human hair is about 60 microns wide.) They also dread the subset known as PM 2.5, for particulate matter less than 2.5 microns wide.[contextly_sidebar id=”8htoYwde4rcxOw4KFx1ebEglpRqQgoNv”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These tiny particles travel deep into the lungs, and the smallest ones can even enter the bloodstream. The smallest particles are also the lightest, and can travel vast distances on the wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The particles first damage the body simply by getting inside it, triggering inflammatory reactions that themselves can trigger breathing difficulties, heart attacks and even strokes. Within a few days of smoke exposure, damaged lungs can succumb to bronchitis or pneumonia. In pregnant people, exposure to particulates has been associated with premature birth and low birth weight in infants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A version of this story was first published on Aug. 7, 2018.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Air pollution from wildfire smoke can pose serious health risks for people residing in affected areas. Here are some key steps people can take to protect their lungs.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704845900,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":644},"headData":{"title":"How to Protect Yourself From Wildfire Smoke | KQED","description":"Air pollution from wildfire smoke can pose serious health risks for people residing in affected areas. Here are some key steps people can take to protect their lungs.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How to Protect Yourself From Wildfire Smoke","datePublished":"2023-09-19T22:45:56.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:18:20.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Wildfires","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1968711/como-protegerse-del-humo-de-incendios-forestales\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Leer en español.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People in the path of wildfire smoke can take certain precautionary measures to protect their lungs from smoke pollution. Older people, children and individuals with heart or respiratory conditions in particular are advised to filter air, limit outside activities or otherwise temporarily leave the affected area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children are especially sensitive to smoke pollution because their airways are still developing and they breathe more air per pound of body weight than adults, according to the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are the steps you can take to protect yourself and your loved ones from the dangers of wildfire smoke:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Check local air-quality reports.\u003c/strong> For real-time updates on the air quality in your neighborhood, plug in your ZIP code at the \u003ca href=\"https://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.local_state&stateid=5&mapcenter=0&tabs=0\">Environmental Protection Agency’s AirNow website\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Keep indoor air clean.\u003c/strong> Keep your house and car windows closed. Run an air conditioner, but keep the fresh-air intake closed to prevent outdoor smoke from infiltrating inside. To reduce exposure to smoke and smoke residue, the California Air Resources Board recommends mechanical air cleaners with a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter that collects very small particles and does not emit ozone or other harmful substances. These air cleaners can dramatically reduce indoor particle levels, in some cases by more than 90%. \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/research/indoor/aircleaners/certified.htm\">See devices that are certified by and legal in California.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>In homes without air-conditioning, keep doors and windows closed.\u003c/strong> This can \u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/airnow/wildfire_may2016.pdf\">reduce pollutant levels by 50% (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Avoid activities that increase indoor pollution.\u003c/strong> Burning candles, cooking on gas stoves and vacuuming can increase indoor pollution.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Wash your nose out and gargle\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>with clean water. \u003c/strong>Do this five times a day until the smoke subsides.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Take a shower and wash your clothing\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>after being outside.\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Wear a respirator mask if it helps you feel better, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/N95-mask-wildfire-smoke-San-Francisco-Bay-Area-14428384.php\">choose carefully\u003c/a>.\u003c/strong> Hardware stores and pharmacies sell N95 masks that filter out fine particles. Public safety officials caution that these masks don’t work well for everyone and are no substitute for spending as much time as you can indoors with sealed windows. The least effective options are one‐strap paper dust masks or surgical masks that hook around your ears — they don’t protect against fine particles.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Note that a cloth mask, such as those often used to prevent the spread of COVID-19, will not adequately protect lungs from particles found in wildfire smoke.\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>What’s in wildfire smoke?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/airnow/wildfire_may2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wildfire smoke (PDF)\u003c/a> is a shifting blend of gases and particles, including carbon dioxide, water vapor, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and other organic chemicals, nitrogen oxides and trace minerals. There are thousands of individual compounds, many of them toxic.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"tag":"smoke, wildfire","label":"More Related Stories "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But what worries doctors most is the particulate matter in smoke, the tiny bits of feathery ash and dust-like soot, much of it invisible to the eye. They are especially worried about particulate matter less than 10 microns wide, known as PM 10. (By comparison, a human hair is about 60 microns wide.) They also dread the subset known as PM 2.5, for particulate matter less than 2.5 microns wide.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These tiny particles travel deep into the lungs, and the smallest ones can even enter the bloodstream. The smallest particles are also the lightest, and can travel vast distances on the wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The particles first damage the body simply by getting inside it, triggering inflammatory reactions that themselves can trigger breathing difficulties, heart attacks and even strokes. Within a few days of smoke exposure, damaged lungs can succumb to bronchitis or pneumonia. In pregnant people, exposure to particulates has been associated with premature birth and low birth weight in infants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A version of this story was first published on Aug. 7, 2018.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke","authors":["6387"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_37","science_39","science_40","science_3730"],"tags":["science_505","science_4992","science_856","science_192","science_5181","science_365","science_113","science_3693"],"featImg":"science_1980251","label":"source_science_1926793"},"science_1982793":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1982793","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1982793","score":null,"sort":[1685484376000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"mosquitoes-are-abuzz-in-san-francisco-you-can-thank-climate-change","title":"Mosquitoes Are Abuzz in San Francisco. You Can Thank Climate Change","publishDate":1685484376,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Mosquitoes Are Abuzz in San Francisco. You Can Thank Climate Change | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/search?q=%22atmospheric%20river%20storm%22&site=all\">Bay Area’s epic winter rainfall\u003c/a> means that a certain pesky, blood-sucking summertime pest is having the time of its short life. (For males, that’s about a week — and that’s if they aren’t swatted sooner!)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year you’re going to see some pretty bad mosquito conditions — good conditions if you’re a mosquito, bad conditions if you’re a human being,” said Kaitlyn Trudeau, senior research associate at Climate Central. “Mosquitos are awful. I’m not a fan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the short term, lots of rain and snow means plentiful puddles, marshes, ponds and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AlamedaMosquito/status/1620897337479692288?s=20\">other opportunities for mosquitoes to lay their eggs and reproduce rapidly\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a long-term trend playing out, and it has to do with warming temperatures — and it’s bad news for any San Franciscan with bare ankles and plans for an outdoor picnic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trudeau and her research colleagues \u003ca href=\"https://www.climatecentral.org/climate-matters/mosquito-days-2023?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CM%20Mosquito%20Days%202023%20EN&utm_content=CM%20Mosquito%20Days%202023%20EN+CID_4eb38b05659c31aaee3e76c28498cca4&utm_source=Climate%20Central%20Email%20Campaign%20Monitor&utm_term=READ%20THE%20RELEASE%20%20CONTACT%20EXPERTS%20%20FIND%20REPORTING%20RESOURCES\">looked closely at mosquito activity trends between 1979 and 2022 at 242 locations across the U.S.\u003c/a> They found that rising summertime temperatures are affecting mosquitoes all over the place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the country, 173 places showed an annual increase in “mosquito days” by an average of 16 days; these are days when conditions are optimal for mosquitoes, with an average relative humidity of 42% or higher, and daily temperatures ranging from 50 to 95 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco saw one of the sharpest increase by a whopping 42 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s really causing this is the rise in minimum temperatures,” Trudeau said. “There are many more days where the minimum temperature in San Francisco is 50 degrees or above.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of mosquito-friendly days around the coastal Bay Area has increased dramatically as the cooler days warm up, but San Francisco’s warmer days on average are still well below 95 degrees, making it a sweet spot for mosquitos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is also the case in other humid coastal areas like Monterey and Salinas, which share these increasingly optimal conditions for mosquitoes to survive, according to Trudeau.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the coastal curse,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1982794 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/2023Mosquitoes_Days_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"A graph showing an increase in mosquito days in San Francisco. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/2023Mosquitoes_Days_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/2023Mosquitoes_Days_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/2023Mosquitoes_Days_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/2023Mosquitoes_Days_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/2023Mosquitoes_Days_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/2023Mosquitoes_Days_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that trend is not true everywhere: Already hot places are getting even hotter, too warm for mosquitoes to thrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other inland locations throughout the state like Stockton, Sacramento and Bakersfield are much hotter and regularly roast with temperatures above 95 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rising temperatures in these places are causing mosquito activity to plummet each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Central Valley isn’t humid, and it’s likely getting too hot for mosquitoes,” Trudeau said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1982843\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/2023Mosquitoes_Days_sacramento_en_title_lg-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"A graph showing the decrease in the number of annual mosquito days in Sacramento. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/2023Mosquitoes_Days_sacramento_en_title_lg-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/2023Mosquitoes_Days_sacramento_en_title_lg-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/2023Mosquitoes_Days_sacramento_en_title_lg-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/2023Mosquitoes_Days_sacramento_en_title_lg-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/2023Mosquitoes_Days_sacramento_en_title_lg-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/2023Mosquitoes_Days_sacramento_en_title_lg.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Places like San José, which gets warmer temperatures than the coastal areas, experienced a lower annual increase of mosquito days, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifty-five U.S. locations saw a significant increase of 21 days or more, primarily in the Ohio Valley and Northeast regions. The majority of the 61 locations with a decrease in mosquito days were in the Southern areas, where temperatures were too high for mosquitos to thrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A sign of climate change\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Spring and fall temperatures are rising, and that means mosquitoes will come out earlier and survive longer, increasing the opportunities for mosquito bites and disease transmission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are over 200 mosquito species in the U.S., with around a dozen species that can transmit viruses and parasites to humans. West Nile virus is the primary mosquito-borne disease in the U.S. and the Bay Area.[aside postID='science_728086']Compared to tropical regions, the U.S. has lower infection rates and milder health effects from mosquito-borne diseases. Globally, malaria and dengue pose more significant risks, particularly in Africa and Asia. Tick-borne diseases are more prevalent than mosquito-borne diseases in the U.S., although West Nile virus cases are widespread, especially in the Plains and Central regions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982795\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1982795\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/IMG_0589-800x554.jpg\" alt=\"A map of the Bay Area with shades of blue, yellow, orange, and red dots.\" width=\"800\" height=\"554\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/IMG_0589-800x554.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/IMG_0589-1020x706.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/IMG_0589-160x111.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/IMG_0589-768x532.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/IMG_0589.jpg 1138w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dot map of the annual change in mosquito days in the Bay Area between 1979 and 2022. \u003ccite>(Kaitlyn Trudeau/Climate Central)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Climate change affects mosquito populations and disease transmission, with increasing mosquito days and potential health risks. While mosquito-borne diseases are relatively less common in the U.S., officials say it remains crucial to address their impact through public health measures and understanding the varying risks posed by different mosquito species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The things that we do on a daily basis are impacting the environment. An increase in mosquito days is just one of the many, many impacts that we are seeing around the U.S., around the world, or in California because of climate change,” Trudeau said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Innovative efforts to reduce mosquito population\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Last April, the Santa Clara County Board of Supervisors approved an innovative initiative to reduce the mosquito population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They launched a six-propeller drone to drop larvicide on the county’s remote marshlands, replacing work that was typically conducted by helicopter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edgar Nolasco, who directs the agency spearheading the program, said using drones instead of helicopters reduces the county’s carbon footprint and is more sustainable and efficient. It decreases larvicide waste and saves on costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A drone is able to get closer to areas that helicopters can’t get to because of the drift caused by their propellers,” said Nolasco, who works for the Consumer and Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adult mosquitoes can travel up to a 25-mile radius. “Treating adult mosquitos becomes very difficult,” Nolasco said, adding that using a strong larvicide program is the most effective way for the county to combat mosquitos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"County of Santa Clara to Use Drones to Reduce Mosquito Population\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/J9edY0VeWpk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nolasco emphasizes that drones will only be used in uninhabitable and remote areas not accessible by the \u003ca href=\"https://vector.sccgov.org/home\">Vector Control team\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, he said, the county is making every effort to eliminate mosquito sources, but is asking the community to help reduce the mosquito population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need everybody in the community to do their part with standing water,” Nolaso said. “With the amount of rain that we got this year, there are many areas of standing water that can hold water that can reproduce mosquitoes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What to do if you get a mosquito bite, and how to protect yourself\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you get bitten by a mosquito, the California Department of Public Health recommends using a topical lotion to reduce itching. In California, most mosquito bites do not result in any infection. If you develop a fever two to 14 days after getting bitten by a mosquito and are concerned about West Nile virus disease, you should see a doctor. Most people with West Nile recover completely, according to CDPH.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Department of Public Health recommends using mosquito repellant such as DEET, installing window screens and wearing long sleeves when outdoors at night if possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982796\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1982796 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/GettyImages-1407155740-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A young Black woman with locs twirled on the top of her head sprays insect repellent on her skin while in the outdoors. Background shows lush green trees.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/GettyImages-1407155740-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/GettyImages-1407155740-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/GettyImages-1407155740-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/GettyImages-1407155740-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/GettyImages-1407155740-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/GettyImages-1407155740-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/GettyImages-1407155740-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Insect repellent can deter mosquitoes and ticks during hikes in nature. \u003ccite>(stefanamer/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Residents can also protect themselves by recognizing and reducing the source where mosquito larvae are commonly found. Mosquitos lay eggs in standing water, such as water in outdoor containers, so it’s important for residents to clear this water and clean out clogged roof gutters. Large drains that hold water are also a possible source of mosquito activity. Placing screens and under-drain covers could prevent mosquitoes from breeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco health officials frequently survey areas where mosquito complaints are received, make monthly checks on monitoring devices for invasive Aedes mosquitoes in select fire stations and inspect apartment buildings regularly for mosquito sources. To report complaints, call 311. For more information, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7eLTc975iJI\">see San Francisco’s Mosquito Prevention 101 public service announcement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/Us7dClYpANizM4m4s9UYrw?domain=westnile.ca.gov/\">West Nile virus website\u003c/a>, handled by CDPH’s Vector-Borne Disease Section, is updated weekly on Fridays with the latest findings to ensure public health partners and the public have current information on the risk of transmission in the state.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Reality bites: Warming weather has extended skeeter season in San Francisco by six weeks. Here are some tips for managing the bugs.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704845997,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":39,"wordCount":1314},"headData":{"title":"Mosquitoes Are Abuzz in San Francisco. You Can Thank Climate Change | KQED","description":"Reality bites: Warming weather has extended skeeter season in San Francisco by six weeks. Here are some tips for managing the bugs.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Mosquitoes Are Abuzz in San Francisco. You Can Thank Climate Change","datePublished":"2023-05-30T22:06:16.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:19:57.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1982793/mosquitoes-are-abuzz-in-san-francisco-you-can-thank-climate-change","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/search?q=%22atmospheric%20river%20storm%22&site=all\">Bay Area’s epic winter rainfall\u003c/a> means that a certain pesky, blood-sucking summertime pest is having the time of its short life. (For males, that’s about a week — and that’s if they aren’t swatted sooner!)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year you’re going to see some pretty bad mosquito conditions — good conditions if you’re a mosquito, bad conditions if you’re a human being,” said Kaitlyn Trudeau, senior research associate at Climate Central. “Mosquitos are awful. I’m not a fan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the short term, lots of rain and snow means plentiful puddles, marshes, ponds and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AlamedaMosquito/status/1620897337479692288?s=20\">other opportunities for mosquitoes to lay their eggs and reproduce rapidly\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a long-term trend playing out, and it has to do with warming temperatures — and it’s bad news for any San Franciscan with bare ankles and plans for an outdoor picnic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trudeau and her research colleagues \u003ca href=\"https://www.climatecentral.org/climate-matters/mosquito-days-2023?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CM%20Mosquito%20Days%202023%20EN&utm_content=CM%20Mosquito%20Days%202023%20EN+CID_4eb38b05659c31aaee3e76c28498cca4&utm_source=Climate%20Central%20Email%20Campaign%20Monitor&utm_term=READ%20THE%20RELEASE%20%20CONTACT%20EXPERTS%20%20FIND%20REPORTING%20RESOURCES\">looked closely at mosquito activity trends between 1979 and 2022 at 242 locations across the U.S.\u003c/a> They found that rising summertime temperatures are affecting mosquitoes all over the place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the country, 173 places showed an annual increase in “mosquito days” by an average of 16 days; these are days when conditions are optimal for mosquitoes, with an average relative humidity of 42% or higher, and daily temperatures ranging from 50 to 95 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco saw one of the sharpest increase by a whopping 42 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s really causing this is the rise in minimum temperatures,” Trudeau said. “There are many more days where the minimum temperature in San Francisco is 50 degrees or above.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of mosquito-friendly days around the coastal Bay Area has increased dramatically as the cooler days warm up, but San Francisco’s warmer days on average are still well below 95 degrees, making it a sweet spot for mosquitos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is also the case in other humid coastal areas like Monterey and Salinas, which share these increasingly optimal conditions for mosquitoes to survive, according to Trudeau.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the coastal curse,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1982794 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/2023Mosquitoes_Days_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"A graph showing an increase in mosquito days in San Francisco. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/2023Mosquitoes_Days_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/2023Mosquitoes_Days_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/2023Mosquitoes_Days_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/2023Mosquitoes_Days_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/2023Mosquitoes_Days_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/2023Mosquitoes_Days_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that trend is not true everywhere: Already hot places are getting even hotter, too warm for mosquitoes to thrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other inland locations throughout the state like Stockton, Sacramento and Bakersfield are much hotter and regularly roast with temperatures above 95 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rising temperatures in these places are causing mosquito activity to plummet each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Central Valley isn’t humid, and it’s likely getting too hot for mosquitoes,” Trudeau said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1982843\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/2023Mosquitoes_Days_sacramento_en_title_lg-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"A graph showing the decrease in the number of annual mosquito days in Sacramento. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/2023Mosquitoes_Days_sacramento_en_title_lg-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/2023Mosquitoes_Days_sacramento_en_title_lg-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/2023Mosquitoes_Days_sacramento_en_title_lg-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/2023Mosquitoes_Days_sacramento_en_title_lg-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/2023Mosquitoes_Days_sacramento_en_title_lg-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/2023Mosquitoes_Days_sacramento_en_title_lg.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Places like San José, which gets warmer temperatures than the coastal areas, experienced a lower annual increase of mosquito days, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifty-five U.S. locations saw a significant increase of 21 days or more, primarily in the Ohio Valley and Northeast regions. The majority of the 61 locations with a decrease in mosquito days were in the Southern areas, where temperatures were too high for mosquitos to thrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A sign of climate change\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Spring and fall temperatures are rising, and that means mosquitoes will come out earlier and survive longer, increasing the opportunities for mosquito bites and disease transmission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are over 200 mosquito species in the U.S., with around a dozen species that can transmit viruses and parasites to humans. West Nile virus is the primary mosquito-borne disease in the U.S. and the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_728086","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Compared to tropical regions, the U.S. has lower infection rates and milder health effects from mosquito-borne diseases. Globally, malaria and dengue pose more significant risks, particularly in Africa and Asia. Tick-borne diseases are more prevalent than mosquito-borne diseases in the U.S., although West Nile virus cases are widespread, especially in the Plains and Central regions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982795\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1982795\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/IMG_0589-800x554.jpg\" alt=\"A map of the Bay Area with shades of blue, yellow, orange, and red dots.\" width=\"800\" height=\"554\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/IMG_0589-800x554.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/IMG_0589-1020x706.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/IMG_0589-160x111.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/IMG_0589-768x532.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/IMG_0589.jpg 1138w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dot map of the annual change in mosquito days in the Bay Area between 1979 and 2022. \u003ccite>(Kaitlyn Trudeau/Climate Central)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Climate change affects mosquito populations and disease transmission, with increasing mosquito days and potential health risks. While mosquito-borne diseases are relatively less common in the U.S., officials say it remains crucial to address their impact through public health measures and understanding the varying risks posed by different mosquito species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The things that we do on a daily basis are impacting the environment. An increase in mosquito days is just one of the many, many impacts that we are seeing around the U.S., around the world, or in California because of climate change,” Trudeau said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Innovative efforts to reduce mosquito population\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Last April, the Santa Clara County Board of Supervisors approved an innovative initiative to reduce the mosquito population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They launched a six-propeller drone to drop larvicide on the county’s remote marshlands, replacing work that was typically conducted by helicopter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edgar Nolasco, who directs the agency spearheading the program, said using drones instead of helicopters reduces the county’s carbon footprint and is more sustainable and efficient. It decreases larvicide waste and saves on costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A drone is able to get closer to areas that helicopters can’t get to because of the drift caused by their propellers,” said Nolasco, who works for the Consumer and Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adult mosquitoes can travel up to a 25-mile radius. “Treating adult mosquitos becomes very difficult,” Nolasco said, adding that using a strong larvicide program is the most effective way for the county to combat mosquitos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"County of Santa Clara to Use Drones to Reduce Mosquito Population\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/J9edY0VeWpk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nolasco emphasizes that drones will only be used in uninhabitable and remote areas not accessible by the \u003ca href=\"https://vector.sccgov.org/home\">Vector Control team\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, he said, the county is making every effort to eliminate mosquito sources, but is asking the community to help reduce the mosquito population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need everybody in the community to do their part with standing water,” Nolaso said. “With the amount of rain that we got this year, there are many areas of standing water that can hold water that can reproduce mosquitoes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What to do if you get a mosquito bite, and how to protect yourself\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you get bitten by a mosquito, the California Department of Public Health recommends using a topical lotion to reduce itching. In California, most mosquito bites do not result in any infection. If you develop a fever two to 14 days after getting bitten by a mosquito and are concerned about West Nile virus disease, you should see a doctor. Most people with West Nile recover completely, according to CDPH.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Department of Public Health recommends using mosquito repellant such as DEET, installing window screens and wearing long sleeves when outdoors at night if possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982796\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1982796 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/GettyImages-1407155740-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A young Black woman with locs twirled on the top of her head sprays insect repellent on her skin while in the outdoors. Background shows lush green trees.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/GettyImages-1407155740-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/GettyImages-1407155740-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/GettyImages-1407155740-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/GettyImages-1407155740-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/GettyImages-1407155740-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/GettyImages-1407155740-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/GettyImages-1407155740-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Insect repellent can deter mosquitoes and ticks during hikes in nature. \u003ccite>(stefanamer/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Residents can also protect themselves by recognizing and reducing the source where mosquito larvae are commonly found. Mosquitos lay eggs in standing water, such as water in outdoor containers, so it’s important for residents to clear this water and clean out clogged roof gutters. Large drains that hold water are also a possible source of mosquito activity. Placing screens and under-drain covers could prevent mosquitoes from breeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco health officials frequently survey areas where mosquito complaints are received, make monthly checks on monitoring devices for invasive Aedes mosquitoes in select fire stations and inspect apartment buildings regularly for mosquito sources. To report complaints, call 311. For more information, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7eLTc975iJI\">see San Francisco’s Mosquito Prevention 101 public service announcement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/Us7dClYpANizM4m4s9UYrw?domain=westnile.ca.gov/\">West Nile virus website\u003c/a>, handled by CDPH’s Vector-Borne Disease Section, is updated weekly on Fridays with the latest findings to ensure public health partners and the public have current information on the risk of transmission in the state.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1982793/mosquitoes-are-abuzz-in-san-francisco-you-can-thank-climate-change","authors":["11631"],"categories":["science_31","science_39","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_182","science_1678","science_4417","science_5181","science_157","science_1759","science_4729","science_5183"],"featImg":"science_1982798","label":"science"},"science_1982448":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1982448","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1982448","score":null,"sort":[1682446656000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"uc-researchers-examine-how-smoke-from-californias-megafires-affects-pregnancy-and-children","title":"UC Researchers Examine How Smoke From California's Megafires Affects Pregnancy and Children","publishDate":1682446656,"format":"standard","headTitle":"UC Researchers Examine How Smoke From California’s Megafires Affects Pregnancy and Children | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>When wildfires spread through parts of Northern California wine country in 2017, they melted electronics, combusted cars and exploded propane tanks. The fires sent acrid smoke billowing into the sky, its footprint wafting over the state and extending for 500 miles into the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, Rebecca Schmidt, a molecular epidemiologist at UC Davis, was working on a study that followed families of children with autism who were expecting another child. When the fires spread, pregnant participants in the research started asking whether they should be worried about the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schmidt and her collaborators didn’t know what to say. There wasn’t much existing research on how wildfire smoke affects pregnancy. “I would have been wondering the same thing,” she said. “We really couldn’t tell them how concerned they needed to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She decided to try to find the answers herself. Over the last several years, Schmidt and a team of fellow scientists have collected biological samples like hair, saliva and blood from pregnant people in California to better understand the health effects of smoke exposure on babies and those who birth them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s timeline overlapped with numerous huge fires in the state, and researchers are still assessing the results. But the number of participants wasn’t large enough to fully understand the relationship between exposure and birth outcomes or developmental health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Schmidt and a team of researchers are expanding the scope, examining two decades of statewide health and birth records alongside wildfire smoke data to determine which pockets of California are bearing the brunt of the smoke and what effects that environmental exposure could be having on early life. The results could have wide-reaching implications for locations experiencing similar spikes in hazardous fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s only going to get worse with climate change,” Schmidt said. “Learning about it is relevant for everybody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team, which includes nine researchers from UC Davis and UCLA, will be led by Schmidt and Miriam Nuño, a UC Davis biostatistician who researches public health and health disparities. In addition to identifying communities where wildfire smoke may be causing harm and analyzing health impacts, the scientists will engage with community members on ways they can better protect themselves, like wearing N95 masks or installing relatively cheap indoor air filters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Nuño and Schmidt have long studied human health. And both grew up in areas where air pollution was a part of daily life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Born and raised in Iowa, Schmidt drove past agricultural fields where pesticides at times hung in the air like a “brown shroud” on her way to school. She lived in the state through graduate school, earning her Ph.D. in epidemiology at the University of Iowa. When she moved to California in 2008, the state was experiencing drought and a devastating fire year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember thinking, ‘Is it going to be like this every year?’” she said. “I’ve definitely had to modify my life around smoke exposure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nuño moved to California from Guadalajara, Mexico, when she was 14, settling in Los Angeles and then the city of Riverside, about 60 miles east. In areas inland of Los Angeles, smog and pollution blow in from the west and sit there, with nearby mountains preventing dispersal. At the time, she didn’t realize poor air quality was a problem there, she said, and she didn’t expect to pursue health-related research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those clouds of gray smoke — I never grew up realizing that was even an issue,” she said. “Often, you worry about other things, like do you have enough to eat and things like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nuño studied pure mathematics at UC Riverside, and planned on getting her Ph.D. in applied math and biostatistics, although she couldn’t entirely envision a future limited to studying mathematical concepts. Then, while in graduate school, she attended a lecture on math and HIV modeling. “That was really the change for me,” she said. “I want to do research that people can read about, and it can have some change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After studying math and computational biology during her Ph.D. work at Cornell University and completing fellowships in biostatistics at the Harvard School of Public Health and UCLA, Nuño increasingly focused her research on real-world health data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the COVID-19 pandemic arrived in 2020, she began working with the city of Davis to forecast infection rates. It was her “first taste,” she said, of how her skills could help focus resources, like testing and vaccination, to reduce the disproportionate health impacts in underserved communities. Mathematical modeling and statistical analysis are powerful, she said, “but if you’re not looking with the lens of equity and health equity, then you’re missing the picture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This study on wildfire smoke is Nuño’s first collaboration with Schmidt. Their work will be funded by a $1.35 million grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency focused on environmental justice and climate-related health impacts on vulnerable populations and on life stages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To date, only a few studies have looked at the impact of wildfire smoke on birth outcomes, such as a 2022 paper from scientists at Stanford University that \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S001393512101166X?via%3Dihub\">attributed nearly 7,000 preterm births from 2006 to 2012 in California to wildfire smoke exposure\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Past research has largely focused on the years preceding California’s parade of record-breaking wildfires in the last decade. By focusing on a more recent time period that encompasses those extreme fires, the UCLA and UC Davis research may yield different findings from the earlier research, said Amy Padula, an epidemiologist at UCSF’s School of Medicine, who is using California birth records to conduct separate research on wildfire-related air pollution and birth outcomes from 2007 to 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More research is needed, said Nuño, in part because of the size of climate-worsened fires but also because of where they’re burning. As people move into forested areas, and wildfires spread to inhabited zones, the flames are combusting not just trees and vegetation but also homes and all the objects inside them. That changes the chemical makeup of smoke and the dangers of exposure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team is currently mapping the parts of the state that are at high risk for smoke exposure. Then the group will determine where that exposure varies, and how that intersects with race, income level, exposure to pollutants and other factors. In addition to looking at birth weight and gestational age, the team will examine health data on developmental outcomes and autism diagnoses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While data collected from birth records and from measuring wildfire smoke, birth outcomes and later development will guide their work, collaborators are paying close attention to communities where many people spend a lot of time outside, such as agricultural areas where many farmworkers live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Communities of color and lower-income communities experience disproportionate air pollution, and the team expects the same will be true for wildfire exposure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of this is systemic,” said Natalia Deeb-Sossa, sociologist and professor of Chicana/o studies at UC Davis, who is working on the team. “Wildfires are now every year more and more common because of climate change. I believe that is something that is affecting more and more of our more vulnerable communities and populations, and I think it’s really important that we do something about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Past research has linked air pollution to lower birth weights and preterm births, which can have a negative impact on health later in life. The California study, which will run into 2025, could provide more clarity on the extent to which those effects also result from wildfire smoke, for those inside and outside the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole world’s been impacted by wildfire smoke at this point,” Schmidt said. “It’s not easy to run from anymore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/\">Inside Climate News\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/newsletter/\">Sign up for the ICN newsletter here.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The researchers are examining decades of birth records and wildfire smoke data to understand how wildfires affect pregnancy and children’s health.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846034,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1396},"headData":{"title":"UC Researchers Examine How Smoke From California's Megafires Affects Pregnancy and Children | KQED","description":"The researchers are examining decades of birth records and wildfire smoke data to understand how wildfires affect pregnancy and children’s health.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"UC Researchers Examine How Smoke From California's Megafires Affects Pregnancy and Children","datePublished":"2023-04-25T18:17:36.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:20:34.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Inside Climate News","sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/profile/emma-foehringer-merchant/\">Emma Foehringer Merchant\u003c/a> \u003cbr>Inside Climate News \u003cbr>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1982448/uc-researchers-examine-how-smoke-from-californias-megafires-affects-pregnancy-and-children","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When wildfires spread through parts of Northern California wine country in 2017, they melted electronics, combusted cars and exploded propane tanks. The fires sent acrid smoke billowing into the sky, its footprint wafting over the state and extending for 500 miles into the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, Rebecca Schmidt, a molecular epidemiologist at UC Davis, was working on a study that followed families of children with autism who were expecting another child. When the fires spread, pregnant participants in the research started asking whether they should be worried about the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schmidt and her collaborators didn’t know what to say. There wasn’t much existing research on how wildfire smoke affects pregnancy. “I would have been wondering the same thing,” she said. “We really couldn’t tell them how concerned they needed to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She decided to try to find the answers herself. Over the last several years, Schmidt and a team of fellow scientists have collected biological samples like hair, saliva and blood from pregnant people in California to better understand the health effects of smoke exposure on babies and those who birth them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s timeline overlapped with numerous huge fires in the state, and researchers are still assessing the results. But the number of participants wasn’t large enough to fully understand the relationship between exposure and birth outcomes or developmental health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Schmidt and a team of researchers are expanding the scope, examining two decades of statewide health and birth records alongside wildfire smoke data to determine which pockets of California are bearing the brunt of the smoke and what effects that environmental exposure could be having on early life. The results could have wide-reaching implications for locations experiencing similar spikes in hazardous fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s only going to get worse with climate change,” Schmidt said. “Learning about it is relevant for everybody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team, which includes nine researchers from UC Davis and UCLA, will be led by Schmidt and Miriam Nuño, a UC Davis biostatistician who researches public health and health disparities. In addition to identifying communities where wildfire smoke may be causing harm and analyzing health impacts, the scientists will engage with community members on ways they can better protect themselves, like wearing N95 masks or installing relatively cheap indoor air filters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Nuño and Schmidt have long studied human health. And both grew up in areas where air pollution was a part of daily life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Born and raised in Iowa, Schmidt drove past agricultural fields where pesticides at times hung in the air like a “brown shroud” on her way to school. She lived in the state through graduate school, earning her Ph.D. in epidemiology at the University of Iowa. When she moved to California in 2008, the state was experiencing drought and a devastating fire year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember thinking, ‘Is it going to be like this every year?’” she said. “I’ve definitely had to modify my life around smoke exposure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nuño moved to California from Guadalajara, Mexico, when she was 14, settling in Los Angeles and then the city of Riverside, about 60 miles east. In areas inland of Los Angeles, smog and pollution blow in from the west and sit there, with nearby mountains preventing dispersal. At the time, she didn’t realize poor air quality was a problem there, she said, and she didn’t expect to pursue health-related research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those clouds of gray smoke — I never grew up realizing that was even an issue,” she said. “Often, you worry about other things, like do you have enough to eat and things like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nuño studied pure mathematics at UC Riverside, and planned on getting her Ph.D. in applied math and biostatistics, although she couldn’t entirely envision a future limited to studying mathematical concepts. Then, while in graduate school, she attended a lecture on math and HIV modeling. “That was really the change for me,” she said. “I want to do research that people can read about, and it can have some change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After studying math and computational biology during her Ph.D. work at Cornell University and completing fellowships in biostatistics at the Harvard School of Public Health and UCLA, Nuño increasingly focused her research on real-world health data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the COVID-19 pandemic arrived in 2020, she began working with the city of Davis to forecast infection rates. It was her “first taste,” she said, of how her skills could help focus resources, like testing and vaccination, to reduce the disproportionate health impacts in underserved communities. Mathematical modeling and statistical analysis are powerful, she said, “but if you’re not looking with the lens of equity and health equity, then you’re missing the picture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This study on wildfire smoke is Nuño’s first collaboration with Schmidt. Their work will be funded by a $1.35 million grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency focused on environmental justice and climate-related health impacts on vulnerable populations and on life stages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To date, only a few studies have looked at the impact of wildfire smoke on birth outcomes, such as a 2022 paper from scientists at Stanford University that \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S001393512101166X?via%3Dihub\">attributed nearly 7,000 preterm births from 2006 to 2012 in California to wildfire smoke exposure\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Past research has largely focused on the years preceding California’s parade of record-breaking wildfires in the last decade. By focusing on a more recent time period that encompasses those extreme fires, the UCLA and UC Davis research may yield different findings from the earlier research, said Amy Padula, an epidemiologist at UCSF’s School of Medicine, who is using California birth records to conduct separate research on wildfire-related air pollution and birth outcomes from 2007 to 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More research is needed, said Nuño, in part because of the size of climate-worsened fires but also because of where they’re burning. As people move into forested areas, and wildfires spread to inhabited zones, the flames are combusting not just trees and vegetation but also homes and all the objects inside them. That changes the chemical makeup of smoke and the dangers of exposure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team is currently mapping the parts of the state that are at high risk for smoke exposure. Then the group will determine where that exposure varies, and how that intersects with race, income level, exposure to pollutants and other factors. In addition to looking at birth weight and gestational age, the team will examine health data on developmental outcomes and autism diagnoses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While data collected from birth records and from measuring wildfire smoke, birth outcomes and later development will guide their work, collaborators are paying close attention to communities where many people spend a lot of time outside, such as agricultural areas where many farmworkers live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Communities of color and lower-income communities experience disproportionate air pollution, and the team expects the same will be true for wildfire exposure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of this is systemic,” said Natalia Deeb-Sossa, sociologist and professor of Chicana/o studies at UC Davis, who is working on the team. “Wildfires are now every year more and more common because of climate change. I believe that is something that is affecting more and more of our more vulnerable communities and populations, and I think it’s really important that we do something about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Past research has linked air pollution to lower birth weights and preterm births, which can have a negative impact on health later in life. The California study, which will run into 2025, could provide more clarity on the extent to which those effects also result from wildfire smoke, for those inside and outside the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole world’s been impacted by wildfire smoke at this point,” Schmidt said. “It’s not easy to run from anymore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/\">Inside Climate News\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/newsletter/\">Sign up for the ICN newsletter here.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1982448/uc-researchers-examine-how-smoke-from-californias-megafires-affects-pregnancy-and-children","authors":["byline_science_1982448"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_39","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_512","science_112","science_5181","science_616","science_3463","science_113"],"featImg":"science_1982449","label":"source_science_1982448"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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