California Wants to Store Floodwaters Underground. It's Harder Than It Sounds
California Keeps Sending Toxic Soil to Out-of-State Landfills — Newsom and Legislators Are Slow to Change Course
SF Supervisors Unhappy With City's Lack of Action to Protect Bayview-Hunters Point Residents From Toxic Sea Level Rise
Groundwater Beneath Your Feet Is Rising With the Sea. It Could Bring Long-Buried Toxic Contamination With It
One Increasingly Popular Way to Control Floods: Let the Water Come
Why California Law Requires a 'Clear Benefit' for Groundwater Recharge
California Law Barring Groundwater Recharge Clashes With Sustainability Goals
The $8.9 Billion California Water Bond That Has Environmentalists Divided
California’s Plan to Store Water Underground Could Risk Contamination
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It's Harder Than It Sounds","publishDate":1684955736,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Wants to Store Floodwaters Underground. It’s Harder Than It Sounds | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>For much of the last few decades, when the sky didn’t produce enough water for his cows and crops, Dino Giacomazzi — like most farmers in California’s southern Central Valley — pumped it from the earth. Underground aquifers, vast bank accounts of stored water, were drained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, after a historically wet winter, Giacomazzi and the state of California want to put some of that water back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a no-brainer, win-win, multibenefit opportunity,” said Giacomazzi, standing on his Central Valley farm, which depends on groundwater to grow almonds, lettuce and tomatoes for pizza sauce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More water stored underground means fewer flooded farms, and more water available to farmers like him during the next inevitable drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982778\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1982778 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7315_slide-f4ad38703f1ea83d5235b8f204ab33ca99410025-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A white man with dark brown hair and black sunglasses, wearing a black puffer jacket with an orange collared shirt and jeans, stands on a farm with a to-go cup in his hand. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7315_slide-f4ad38703f1ea83d5235b8f204ab33ca99410025-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7315_slide-f4ad38703f1ea83d5235b8f204ab33ca99410025-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7315_slide-f4ad38703f1ea83d5235b8f204ab33ca99410025-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7315_slide-f4ad38703f1ea83d5235b8f204ab33ca99410025-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7315_slide-f4ad38703f1ea83d5235b8f204ab33ca99410025-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7315_slide-f4ad38703f1ea83d5235b8f204ab33ca99410025-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7315_slide-f4ad38703f1ea83d5235b8f204ab33ca99410025-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dino Giacomazzi stands on his Central Valley farm, which depends on groundwater to grow almonds, lettuce and tomatoes for pizza sauce. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>An area nearly the size of New Orleans is already flooded downstream of Giacomazzi’s farm. State officials have warned more water is coming as warmer temperatures cause a record Sierra Nevada snowpack to melt. This week, however, they said some communities, such as Corcoran, should be safe from rising floodwaters because of levee improvements, favorable weather and efforts to spread the water upstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But capturing the extra water is an opportunity that Giacomazzi worries is being missed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The condition we find ourselves in right now is that there are billions of gallons of water just flowing right through us, right on by, and heading down and filling the Tulare Lake,” Giacomazzi said, referencing the long-dried lake — once the largest west of the Mississippi River — that has come roaring back to life during this winter’s storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California water officials are scrambling to catch as much of the floodwaters as they can. In January, as a series of atmospheric river storms \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/11/1148333208/storms-keep-pummeling-california-causing-widespread-flooding-and-evacuations\">blasted the state\u003c/a> with rain and snow, the state’s Department of Water Resources announced it was \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/News/News-Releases/2023/Jan-23/State-Agencies-Fast-track-Groundwater-Recharge-Pilot-Project\">accelerating permitting\u003c/a> for projects that put water back into the aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Projects that capture available precipitation, stormwater or floodwaters to recharge depleted groundwater basins need to be ready to capture high flows when they are available during each wet season,” said Karla Nemeth, the agency’s director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982779\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1982779 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7388_slide-e1a31163a760bed0b4e1633bae0c23bc8a41adf1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A small, gray donkey, as well as a donkey in complete shadow in the foreground, look out at a gravel road through a low wire fence on a sunny day. Farm buildings and green-and-brown lots lay beyond the road.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7388_slide-e1a31163a760bed0b4e1633bae0c23bc8a41adf1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7388_slide-e1a31163a760bed0b4e1633bae0c23bc8a41adf1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7388_slide-e1a31163a760bed0b4e1633bae0c23bc8a41adf1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7388_slide-e1a31163a760bed0b4e1633bae0c23bc8a41adf1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7388_slide-e1a31163a760bed0b4e1633bae0c23bc8a41adf1-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7388_slide-e1a31163a760bed0b4e1633bae0c23bc8a41adf1-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7388_slide-e1a31163a760bed0b4e1633bae0c23bc8a41adf1-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Giacomazzi’s donkeys look out over some of the farmland. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two months later, Gov. Gavin Newsom signed \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2023/03/10/governor-newsom-issues-executive-order-to-use-floodwater-to-recharge-and-store-groundwater/\">an executive order\u003c/a> making it easier for farmers to divert water onto their lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in some parts of the Central Valley, like Giacomazzi’s, bureaucracy, water rights and a history of over-pumping are creating roadblocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The issue with these water systems in California is that every couple of miles in this state, it’s a completely different, independently operated situation,” Giacomazzi said. “There isn’t really a coordinating body that sits over the top if that says, ‘Here’s what we need to do. Let’s do it together.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A test for California’s climate future\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California has always experienced dramatic swings from drought to flood. Those \u003ca href=\"https://resources.ca.gov/-/media/CNRA-Website/Files/Initiatives/Water-Resilience/CA-Water-Supply-Strategy.pdf\">swings are expected to become more severe (PDF)\u003c/a> as temperatures rise due to human-caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that sense, the situation playing out in California this year could be a window into the state’s climate future, said Daniel Mountjoy, director of resource stewardship for Sustainable Conservation, a California-based nonprofit water group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve worked in water my entire career and one of our sayings is never waste a good crisis,” he said, standing next to a field of purposely flooded grapevines north of Fresno. “This is our chance for everyone to be aware of what’s possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982780\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1982780 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1148_slide-fb7786a4ff4d53e45a28bd5a1e545f524af71028-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Two men, one white and one Black, both wearing baseball caps and unzipped jackets, talk to each other, one gesturing toward the vineyard they stand in with one arm raised.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1148_slide-fb7786a4ff4d53e45a28bd5a1e545f524af71028-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1148_slide-fb7786a4ff4d53e45a28bd5a1e545f524af71028-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1148_slide-fb7786a4ff4d53e45a28bd5a1e545f524af71028-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1148_slide-fb7786a4ff4d53e45a28bd5a1e545f524af71028-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1148_slide-fb7786a4ff4d53e45a28bd5a1e545f524af71028-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1148_slide-fb7786a4ff4d53e45a28bd5a1e545f524af71028-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1148_slide-fb7786a4ff4d53e45a28bd5a1e545f524af71028-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Daniel Mountjoy (left), director of resource stewardship for Sustainable Conservation, a California-based nonprofit water group, talks with a colleague at a vineyard that is sinking water into the ground. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California water experts like Mountjoy, hydrologists and environmental watchdog groups have long warned that the Central Valley’s use of groundwater was unsustainable. Parts of the southern Central Valley that are now flooded have sunk by as much as 28 feet over the last few decades — deflated like punctured balloons — because so much water has been pumped from the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state aimed to address the problem with legislation in 2014 that requires local water agencies to bring their underground accounts into balance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to have to put in as much as we pump out,” said Eric Holder, an irrigation research assistant with the University of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982781\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1982781\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230411-_dsc9551_slide-f61a1b40b9d27519eefd649a788dcaad9238baa4-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Water is seen flowing out of pipes at a farm. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230411-_dsc9551_slide-f61a1b40b9d27519eefd649a788dcaad9238baa4-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230411-_dsc9551_slide-f61a1b40b9d27519eefd649a788dcaad9238baa4-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230411-_dsc9551_slide-f61a1b40b9d27519eefd649a788dcaad9238baa4-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230411-_dsc9551_slide-f61a1b40b9d27519eefd649a788dcaad9238baa4-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230411-_dsc9551_slide-f61a1b40b9d27519eefd649a788dcaad9238baa4-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230411-_dsc9551_slide-f61a1b40b9d27519eefd649a788dcaad9238baa4-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230411-_dsc9551_slide-f61a1b40b9d27519eefd649a788dcaad9238baa4-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water floods a field at an irrigation project run by the University of California.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cutting groundwater use could be painful. A study by the Public Policy Institute of California last year found that an\u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/priorities-for-californias-water/\"> estimated 500,000 acres\u003c/a> of farmland would have to go unplanted in the southern Central Valley over the next 20 years to help restore water underground. That’s even with increased capturing of stormwaters in a year like this. The region produces billions of dollars in almonds, pistachios, dairy and other produce every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got to find a safe landing pattern,” Mountjoy said. “Come up with a way to reduce the pumping or increase the groundwater supply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Some farmers are flooding their fields\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>With so much of the state awash in water, the focus in California is on increasing groundwater supply — stashing more into the bank account — by flooding farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982782\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1982782 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1022_slide-a0b041ac2be62456d3bbd1691767f8944145102f-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Most of the frame is taken up by slightly blurry, bright green grape leaves in the foreground. Beyond them, on the ground, two cement cisterns pour water onto the ground, with the dry land to the left looking light brown and dusty, and the wet land to the right looking dark brown and muddy.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1022_slide-a0b041ac2be62456d3bbd1691767f8944145102f-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1022_slide-a0b041ac2be62456d3bbd1691767f8944145102f-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1022_slide-a0b041ac2be62456d3bbd1691767f8944145102f-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1022_slide-a0b041ac2be62456d3bbd1691767f8944145102f-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1022_slide-a0b041ac2be62456d3bbd1691767f8944145102f-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1022_slide-a0b041ac2be62456d3bbd1691767f8944145102f-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1022_slide-a0b041ac2be62456d3bbd1691767f8944145102f-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water is pumped into a vineyard, flooding the field. In some water districts, like Madera County’s in the heart of the Central Valley, farmers are being incentivized to use their existing infrastructure to flood their fields with free or reduced-cost water. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In some areas, like Giacomazzi’s, there isn’t enough incentive for farmers to flood their fields, or the infrastructure doesn’t exist to divert water from canals and streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It takes a lot of money to excavate a basin and build the structures to divert water off the system,” said Mark Larsen, general manager of the Kaweah Delta Water Conservation District. “And then you have it sitting [dry] most of the time waiting for a year like this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some water districts, like Madera County’s in the heart of the Central Valley, farmers are being incentivized to use their existing infrastructure to flood their fields with free or reduced-cost water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s our way to motivate people to take that water, spread it and get that water in the ground when it’s available in years like this,” said Thomas Greci, general manager of the Madera Irrigation District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982783\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1982783 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1077_slide-e34560e26d1272886404c7d51574dffa21c9998d-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A white man with a beard, wearing a baseball cap, a long-sleeved button-up powder blue shirt, blue jeans, and boots stands in a vineyard with his hands in his pockets, looking off to the side.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1077_slide-e34560e26d1272886404c7d51574dffa21c9998d-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1077_slide-e34560e26d1272886404c7d51574dffa21c9998d-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1077_slide-e34560e26d1272886404c7d51574dffa21c9998d-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1077_slide-e34560e26d1272886404c7d51574dffa21c9998d-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1077_slide-e34560e26d1272886404c7d51574dffa21c9998d-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1077_slide-e34560e26d1272886404c7d51574dffa21c9998d-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1077_slide-e34560e26d1272886404c7d51574dffa21c9998d-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nick Davis stands in the vineyard he owns with his twin brother outside Madera. He’s been dumping water on his grapevines since the heavy rains started this winter, sinking more than four times the amount of water he typically uses on the vines into the ground. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nick Davis, who owns a vineyard with his twin brother outside Madera, has decided to participate. He’s been dumping water on his grapevines since the heavy rains started this winter, sinking more than four times the amount of water he typically uses on the vines into the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re all skeptical about trying new things,” Davis said. “But we feel it’s important to just do our part and put it back in the ground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s hopeful the state will give him credit for all the water he’s returning to the aquifer, or pay him for the water he’s deposited. Incentives like that, Davis said, would make other farmers think more seriously about flooding their fields in the current moment and in wet years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We understand that we are part of the problem,” Davis said. “But we also want to be part of the solution when it’s possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/\">https://www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+wants+to+store+floodwaters+underground.+It%27s+harder+than+it+sounds+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Even during epic floods, California is trying to prepare for the next drought by capturing water from this year's epic winter storms.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846005,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":1380},"headData":{"title":"California Wants to Store Floodwaters Underground. It's Harder Than It Sounds | KQED","description":"Even during epic floods, California is trying to prepare for the next drought by capturing water from this year's epic winter storms.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"NPR","sourceUrl":"https://www.npr.org","sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"Claire Harbage","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/348779465/nathan-rott\">Nathan Rott\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/643722609/claire-harbage\">Claire Harbage\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"NPR","nprStoryId":"1177216080","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1177216080&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2023/05/24/1177216080/california-wants-to-store-floodwaters-underground-its-harder-than-it-sounds?ft=nprml&f=1177216080","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 24 May 2023 08:28:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 24 May 2023 06:00:45 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 24 May 2023 08:28:52 -0400","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1982776/california-wants-to-store-floodwaters-underground-its-harder-than-it-sounds","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For much of the last few decades, when the sky didn’t produce enough water for his cows and crops, Dino Giacomazzi — like most farmers in California’s southern Central Valley — pumped it from the earth. Underground aquifers, vast bank accounts of stored water, were drained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, after a historically wet winter, Giacomazzi and the state of California want to put some of that water back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a no-brainer, win-win, multibenefit opportunity,” said Giacomazzi, standing on his Central Valley farm, which depends on groundwater to grow almonds, lettuce and tomatoes for pizza sauce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More water stored underground means fewer flooded farms, and more water available to farmers like him during the next inevitable drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982778\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1982778 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7315_slide-f4ad38703f1ea83d5235b8f204ab33ca99410025-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A white man with dark brown hair and black sunglasses, wearing a black puffer jacket with an orange collared shirt and jeans, stands on a farm with a to-go cup in his hand. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7315_slide-f4ad38703f1ea83d5235b8f204ab33ca99410025-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7315_slide-f4ad38703f1ea83d5235b8f204ab33ca99410025-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7315_slide-f4ad38703f1ea83d5235b8f204ab33ca99410025-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7315_slide-f4ad38703f1ea83d5235b8f204ab33ca99410025-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7315_slide-f4ad38703f1ea83d5235b8f204ab33ca99410025-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7315_slide-f4ad38703f1ea83d5235b8f204ab33ca99410025-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7315_slide-f4ad38703f1ea83d5235b8f204ab33ca99410025-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dino Giacomazzi stands on his Central Valley farm, which depends on groundwater to grow almonds, lettuce and tomatoes for pizza sauce. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>An area nearly the size of New Orleans is already flooded downstream of Giacomazzi’s farm. State officials have warned more water is coming as warmer temperatures cause a record Sierra Nevada snowpack to melt. This week, however, they said some communities, such as Corcoran, should be safe from rising floodwaters because of levee improvements, favorable weather and efforts to spread the water upstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But capturing the extra water is an opportunity that Giacomazzi worries is being missed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The condition we find ourselves in right now is that there are billions of gallons of water just flowing right through us, right on by, and heading down and filling the Tulare Lake,” Giacomazzi said, referencing the long-dried lake — once the largest west of the Mississippi River — that has come roaring back to life during this winter’s storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California water officials are scrambling to catch as much of the floodwaters as they can. In January, as a series of atmospheric river storms \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/11/1148333208/storms-keep-pummeling-california-causing-widespread-flooding-and-evacuations\">blasted the state\u003c/a> with rain and snow, the state’s Department of Water Resources announced it was \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/News/News-Releases/2023/Jan-23/State-Agencies-Fast-track-Groundwater-Recharge-Pilot-Project\">accelerating permitting\u003c/a> for projects that put water back into the aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Projects that capture available precipitation, stormwater or floodwaters to recharge depleted groundwater basins need to be ready to capture high flows when they are available during each wet season,” said Karla Nemeth, the agency’s director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982779\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1982779 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7388_slide-e1a31163a760bed0b4e1633bae0c23bc8a41adf1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A small, gray donkey, as well as a donkey in complete shadow in the foreground, look out at a gravel road through a low wire fence on a sunny day. Farm buildings and green-and-brown lots lay beyond the road.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7388_slide-e1a31163a760bed0b4e1633bae0c23bc8a41adf1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7388_slide-e1a31163a760bed0b4e1633bae0c23bc8a41adf1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7388_slide-e1a31163a760bed0b4e1633bae0c23bc8a41adf1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7388_slide-e1a31163a760bed0b4e1633bae0c23bc8a41adf1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7388_slide-e1a31163a760bed0b4e1633bae0c23bc8a41adf1-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7388_slide-e1a31163a760bed0b4e1633bae0c23bc8a41adf1-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230414-_dsc7388_slide-e1a31163a760bed0b4e1633bae0c23bc8a41adf1-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Giacomazzi’s donkeys look out over some of the farmland. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two months later, Gov. Gavin Newsom signed \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2023/03/10/governor-newsom-issues-executive-order-to-use-floodwater-to-recharge-and-store-groundwater/\">an executive order\u003c/a> making it easier for farmers to divert water onto their lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in some parts of the Central Valley, like Giacomazzi’s, bureaucracy, water rights and a history of over-pumping are creating roadblocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The issue with these water systems in California is that every couple of miles in this state, it’s a completely different, independently operated situation,” Giacomazzi said. “There isn’t really a coordinating body that sits over the top if that says, ‘Here’s what we need to do. Let’s do it together.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A test for California’s climate future\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California has always experienced dramatic swings from drought to flood. Those \u003ca href=\"https://resources.ca.gov/-/media/CNRA-Website/Files/Initiatives/Water-Resilience/CA-Water-Supply-Strategy.pdf\">swings are expected to become more severe (PDF)\u003c/a> as temperatures rise due to human-caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that sense, the situation playing out in California this year could be a window into the state’s climate future, said Daniel Mountjoy, director of resource stewardship for Sustainable Conservation, a California-based nonprofit water group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve worked in water my entire career and one of our sayings is never waste a good crisis,” he said, standing next to a field of purposely flooded grapevines north of Fresno. “This is our chance for everyone to be aware of what’s possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982780\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1982780 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1148_slide-fb7786a4ff4d53e45a28bd5a1e545f524af71028-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Two men, one white and one Black, both wearing baseball caps and unzipped jackets, talk to each other, one gesturing toward the vineyard they stand in with one arm raised.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1148_slide-fb7786a4ff4d53e45a28bd5a1e545f524af71028-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1148_slide-fb7786a4ff4d53e45a28bd5a1e545f524af71028-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1148_slide-fb7786a4ff4d53e45a28bd5a1e545f524af71028-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1148_slide-fb7786a4ff4d53e45a28bd5a1e545f524af71028-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1148_slide-fb7786a4ff4d53e45a28bd5a1e545f524af71028-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1148_slide-fb7786a4ff4d53e45a28bd5a1e545f524af71028-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1148_slide-fb7786a4ff4d53e45a28bd5a1e545f524af71028-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Daniel Mountjoy (left), director of resource stewardship for Sustainable Conservation, a California-based nonprofit water group, talks with a colleague at a vineyard that is sinking water into the ground. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California water experts like Mountjoy, hydrologists and environmental watchdog groups have long warned that the Central Valley’s use of groundwater was unsustainable. Parts of the southern Central Valley that are now flooded have sunk by as much as 28 feet over the last few decades — deflated like punctured balloons — because so much water has been pumped from the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state aimed to address the problem with legislation in 2014 that requires local water agencies to bring their underground accounts into balance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to have to put in as much as we pump out,” said Eric Holder, an irrigation research assistant with the University of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982781\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1982781\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230411-_dsc9551_slide-f61a1b40b9d27519eefd649a788dcaad9238baa4-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Water is seen flowing out of pipes at a farm. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230411-_dsc9551_slide-f61a1b40b9d27519eefd649a788dcaad9238baa4-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230411-_dsc9551_slide-f61a1b40b9d27519eefd649a788dcaad9238baa4-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230411-_dsc9551_slide-f61a1b40b9d27519eefd649a788dcaad9238baa4-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230411-_dsc9551_slide-f61a1b40b9d27519eefd649a788dcaad9238baa4-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230411-_dsc9551_slide-f61a1b40b9d27519eefd649a788dcaad9238baa4-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230411-_dsc9551_slide-f61a1b40b9d27519eefd649a788dcaad9238baa4-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230411-_dsc9551_slide-f61a1b40b9d27519eefd649a788dcaad9238baa4-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water floods a field at an irrigation project run by the University of California.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cutting groundwater use could be painful. A study by the Public Policy Institute of California last year found that an\u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/priorities-for-californias-water/\"> estimated 500,000 acres\u003c/a> of farmland would have to go unplanted in the southern Central Valley over the next 20 years to help restore water underground. That’s even with increased capturing of stormwaters in a year like this. The region produces billions of dollars in almonds, pistachios, dairy and other produce every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got to find a safe landing pattern,” Mountjoy said. “Come up with a way to reduce the pumping or increase the groundwater supply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Some farmers are flooding their fields\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>With so much of the state awash in water, the focus in California is on increasing groundwater supply — stashing more into the bank account — by flooding farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982782\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1982782 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1022_slide-a0b041ac2be62456d3bbd1691767f8944145102f-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Most of the frame is taken up by slightly blurry, bright green grape leaves in the foreground. Beyond them, on the ground, two cement cisterns pour water onto the ground, with the dry land to the left looking light brown and dusty, and the wet land to the right looking dark brown and muddy.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1022_slide-a0b041ac2be62456d3bbd1691767f8944145102f-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1022_slide-a0b041ac2be62456d3bbd1691767f8944145102f-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1022_slide-a0b041ac2be62456d3bbd1691767f8944145102f-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1022_slide-a0b041ac2be62456d3bbd1691767f8944145102f-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1022_slide-a0b041ac2be62456d3bbd1691767f8944145102f-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1022_slide-a0b041ac2be62456d3bbd1691767f8944145102f-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1022_slide-a0b041ac2be62456d3bbd1691767f8944145102f-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water is pumped into a vineyard, flooding the field. In some water districts, like Madera County’s in the heart of the Central Valley, farmers are being incentivized to use their existing infrastructure to flood their fields with free or reduced-cost water. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In some areas, like Giacomazzi’s, there isn’t enough incentive for farmers to flood their fields, or the infrastructure doesn’t exist to divert water from canals and streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It takes a lot of money to excavate a basin and build the structures to divert water off the system,” said Mark Larsen, general manager of the Kaweah Delta Water Conservation District. “And then you have it sitting [dry] most of the time waiting for a year like this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some water districts, like Madera County’s in the heart of the Central Valley, farmers are being incentivized to use their existing infrastructure to flood their fields with free or reduced-cost water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s our way to motivate people to take that water, spread it and get that water in the ground when it’s available in years like this,” said Thomas Greci, general manager of the Madera Irrigation District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982783\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1982783 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1077_slide-e34560e26d1272886404c7d51574dffa21c9998d-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A white man with a beard, wearing a baseball cap, a long-sleeved button-up powder blue shirt, blue jeans, and boots stands in a vineyard with his hands in his pockets, looking off to the side.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1077_slide-e34560e26d1272886404c7d51574dffa21c9998d-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1077_slide-e34560e26d1272886404c7d51574dffa21c9998d-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1077_slide-e34560e26d1272886404c7d51574dffa21c9998d-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1077_slide-e34560e26d1272886404c7d51574dffa21c9998d-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1077_slide-e34560e26d1272886404c7d51574dffa21c9998d-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1077_slide-e34560e26d1272886404c7d51574dffa21c9998d-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/20230412-_dsc1077_slide-e34560e26d1272886404c7d51574dffa21c9998d-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nick Davis stands in the vineyard he owns with his twin brother outside Madera. He’s been dumping water on his grapevines since the heavy rains started this winter, sinking more than four times the amount of water he typically uses on the vines into the ground. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nick Davis, who owns a vineyard with his twin brother outside Madera, has decided to participate. He’s been dumping water on his grapevines since the heavy rains started this winter, sinking more than four times the amount of water he typically uses on the vines into the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re all skeptical about trying new things,” Davis said. “But we feel it’s important to just do our part and put it back in the ground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s hopeful the state will give him credit for all the water he’s returning to the aquifer, or pay him for the water he’s deposited. Incentives like that, Davis said, would make other farmers think more seriously about flooding their fields in the current moment and in wet years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We understand that we are part of the problem,” Davis said. “But we also want to be part of the solution when it’s possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/\">https://www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+wants+to+store+floodwaters+underground.+It%27s+harder+than+it+sounds+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1982776/california-wants-to-store-floodwaters-underground-its-harder-than-it-sounds","authors":["byline_science_1982776"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_40","science_4450","science_98"],"tags":["science_3905","science_194","science_4414","science_3448","science_490","science_539"],"featImg":"science_1982777","label":"source_science_1982776"},"science_1981790":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1981790","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1981790","score":null,"sort":[1677765655000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-legislature-reviews-toxic-waste-disposal","title":"California Keeps Sending Toxic Soil to Out-of-State Landfills — Newsom and Legislators Are Slow to Change Course","publishDate":1677765655,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Keeps Sending Toxic Soil to Out-of-State Landfills — Newsom and Legislators Are Slow to Change Course | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>State lawmakers are planning an oversight hearing that will look into how California handles toxic soil from old industrial, military and other cleanup sites — waste contaminated with things such as lead, petroleum hydrocarbons and the infamous insecticide DDT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/01/california-toxic-waste-dumped-arizona-utah/\">CalMatters investigation\u003c/a> last month revealed businesses and government agencies routinely dispose of contaminated soil at landfills in Arizona and Utah — states with weaker environmental regulation and oversight — as opposed to in California, where the waste would need to go to specialized hazardous waste disposal facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of the most heavily used landfills are near Native American reservations in Arizona, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23571798-20211001-consent_order_syclf_final-signed\">one landfill with a spotty environmental record\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California state and local government agencies largely oversee or directly manage the cleanup projects disposing the waste out of state. California’s own hazardous waste watchdog — the Department of Toxic Substances Control — is one of the biggest out-of-state dumpers and has continued to take its toxic waste to Arizona despite the public revelations, according to information the department recently provided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom has positioned himself as a national leader on environmental issues. His office failed to respond to requests for comment both before and after CalMatters’ initial report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The as-yet unscheduled hearing had been planned to explore various hazardous waste issues, but the chair of the state Senate’s Environmental Quality Committee said it will now also probe the out-of-state dumping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a real concern,” said Sen. Ben Allen, a Democrat from Redondo Beach. “I think at a gut level, everybody feels as though every state should be handling its own toxic waste and not sending it across borders to other states and countries with less stringent environmental standards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CalMatters’ reporting revealed that California businesses and government agencies have disposed of more than 660,000 tons of toxic soil in Arizona landfills since 2018 and nearly a million tons at a Utah landfill, according to data from the state’s hazardous waste tracking system. That includes more than 105,000 tons from the state’s cleanup of lead-contaminated soil in the neighborhoods around the old Exide battery recycling facility in Los Angeles County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The out-of-state landfills are a cheaper option than California’s two hazardous waste disposal facilities, which are in Kings and Kern counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Toxic Substances Control took most of the Exide residential cleanup waste to the South Yuma County Landfill, which Arizona environmental regulators in 2021 labeled as posing an “\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23571796-20210430-south-yuma-county-landfill-inspection-report#document/p25/a2194981\">imminent and substantial threat\u003c/a>” after an inspection noted windblown litter, large amounts of “disease vectors” (flies and birds), and groundwater with elevated levels of chromium — a metal that can harm people and the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The landfill made fixes to resolve those and other violations, according to Arizona regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exide waste has continued to go to that state. The Department of Toxic Substances Control shipped 52 loads of hazardous waste from the Exide residential cleanup to the Yuma landfill from Jan. 25 to Feb. 10, according to figures the department provided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Arizona, one lawmaker told CalMatters that she wasn’t aware California was dumping so much hazardous waste in her state’s landfills and called it “very concerning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Arizona is not a dumping ground and hauling California’s hazardous waste so close to Arizona’s agricultural hub and the Colorado River is asking for trouble no matter how many precautions they take,” said Arizona state Rep. Mariana Sandoval, a Democrat whose district includes areas around the South Yuma County Landfill. “I would hope that our new governor will take a close look at this … and encourage California to find landfills in their own state for their own waste.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>New plan coming for California toxic waste\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As to whether Californians can expect any major policy change, officials largely pointed to a 2021 law requiring the state to craft a new \u003ca href=\"https://dtsc.ca.gov/hazardous-waste-management-plan/\">hazardous waste management plan\u003c/a>. As part of the process, the Department of Toxic Substances Control is scheduled to release a report in March looking at how much hazardous waste the state is generating and how it’s being handled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The (Hazardous Waste Management) Plan will propose strategies for reducing hazardous waste generation, managing more waste in state, and addressing issues of concern, such as hazardous waste impacts to disadvantaged communities,” according to a statement from the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A proposed plan isn’t due until spring 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked how the state can justify continuing to dump hazardous waste in out-of-state landfills next to Native American reservations, California’s secretary for environmental protection, Yana Garcia, declined an interview request but provided a written statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hazardous waste challenges we face across the country are decades in the making. While we know these issues won’t be resolved overnight, California is fully committed to addressing this urgently, and we are prioritizing investing in the search for solutions to do so,” according to her statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the bill that led to the hazardous waste planning process as well as more stable funding for the department “improved our ability to address this and other toxic waste challenges. Enhancing DTSC’s regulatory oversight and requiring the research and public engagement necessary to come to consensus on solutions moves us in the right direction, but our path to achieve on-the-ground improvements will require true partnership with a multitude of stakeholders and a fundamental shift in how we produce, treat, and handle hazardous waste, across the board.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hazardous waste landfills in San Joaquin Valley\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Regulators, environmental advocates and lawmakers said the issue is complicated and any solution is likely to be controversial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is limited in its ability to regulate interstate commerce. State regulators said there’s not much they can do to stop private entities from taking waste across the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And California has only two hazardous waste landfills, both of them in the San Joaquin Valley: the \u003ca href=\"https://dtsc.ca.gov/kettleman-hills-facility/\">Kettleman Hills Facility\u003c/a> in Kings County and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/hwmp_profile_report?global_id=CAD980675276\">Buttonwillow landfill facility\u003c/a> in Kern County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On paper, the sites appear to have enough space to take contaminated soil. Last year, Jennifer Andrews, a spokesperson for WM (formerly known as Waste Management Inc.), which operates the \u003ca href=\"https://dtsc.ca.gov/kettleman-hills-facility/\">Kettleman Hills Facility\u003c/a>, told CalMatters the site “has enough capacity to meet the State of California’s hazardous waste disposal needs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We also have plenty of space to meet the needs of (Department of Toxic Substances Control) waste for years to come, providing the agency permits new disposal units at our site.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the two landfills have been controversial. Both were the subject of numerous regulatory violations over the years and advocates have long protested about the sites, which are near communities of color. In 2014 the Department of Toxic Substances Control approved \u003ca href=\"https://dtsc.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2017/03/KettlemanCommunityflyerEnglish512.pdf\">an expansion at Kettleman Hills (PDF)\u003c/a>, prompting environmental justice and community groups to file a civil rights complaint, records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Bradley Angel, executive director, Greenaction for Health and Environmental Justice']‘They need some other alternatives, and the reality is I don’t see them building another hazardous waste landfill.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bradley Angel is executive director of Greenaction for Health and Environmental Justice, one of the groups that filed the complaint, which ultimately led to a \u003ca href=\"https://dtsc.ca.gov/2016/08/10/landmark-agreement-reached-to-benefit-environmental-justice-communities-and-resolve-a-civil-rights-complaint-on-hazardous-waste-permitting-decision/\">settlement agreement\u003c/a> including provisions for more health assessment and environmental monitoring, state records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They need some other alternatives, and the reality is I don’t see them building another hazardous waste landfill,” Angel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said there’s “not the political appetite.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, the Department of Toxic Substances Control appeared to acknowledge as much in a \u003ca href=\"https://dtsc.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2021/05/FINAL-CPHWRI-REPORT_ADA_FINAL.pdf?emrc=0e9fe7\">2017 report that looked at ways to reduce hazardous waste\u003c/a>, including treating more contaminated soil on-site as opposed to excavating it. The report cited a “difficulty in gaining consensus in the siting of new facilities” as leading to a focus on strategies to reduce the amount of hazardous waste generated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, if you can’t build more sites to take hazardous waste because nobody wants it in their backyard, then you better figure out a way to make less of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Cleaning up hazardous soil\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California’s efforts to address a long history of environmental harm at old industrial and military installations produces hundreds of thousands of tons of toxic soil each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Toxic Substances Control “is trying to remediate contamination that was created over decades by unscrupulous private sector actors. Now, does that mean they ought to be dumping in Arizona?” Allen, the Democrat from Redondo Beach, asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The senator said his committee will hold an oversight hearing on the Department of Toxic Substances Control sometime this year. Other topics will likely include recent reporting from \u003cem>The Los Angeles Times\u003c/em> suggesting the state isn’t ensuring properties around the Exide facility are properly \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-02-10/exide-lead-cleanup-leaves-fear-and-frustration-in-its-wake\">cleaned of lead-contaminated soil\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s not an easy answer here. But that doesn’t mean that we accept the status quo,” Allen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1981792\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1981792 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/112922-La-Paz-County-AZ-MG-CM-06-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A landscape of beige, sandy soil and green scrub across it, with a rise the same color as the sand in the distance.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/112922-La-Paz-County-AZ-MG-CM-06-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/112922-La-Paz-County-AZ-MG-CM-06-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/112922-La-Paz-County-AZ-MG-CM-06-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/112922-La-Paz-County-AZ-MG-CM-06-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/112922-La-Paz-County-AZ-MG-CM-06.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The La Paz County Regional Landfill near the Colorado River Indian Tribes reservation in Arizona on Nov. 29, 2022. \u003ccite>(Miguel Gutierrez Jr./CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Other states could, of course, also take action. Oregon in the late 1980s adopted a rule that effectively bars California from dumping hazardous waste in that state’s regular landfills. Nevada has a similar rule. (California disposed of a large amount of contaminated soil at a Nevada facility in recent years, shipping records show. But that site is designed and permitted to handle hazardous waste.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sandoval, the lawmaker whose district includes an area around the South Yuma landfill, said Arizona legislation to restrict California’s dumping is possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nobody wants that in their backyard,” Sandoval said. “Obviously California doesn’t want it in their backyard. That’s why they’re bringing it over to us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Utah legislators CalMatters reached out to didn’t respond to requests for comment. Regulators in that state recently signified their intent to deny a permit for a landfill on the banks of the Great Salt Lake that CalMatters reported was planning to take California’s contaminated soil. CalMatters reported in January that the company behind the project filed an economic analysis with its state regulators calling the toxic soil a “unique market opportunity created by California law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://documents.deq.utah.gov/waste-management-and-radiation-control/facilities/promontory-point-landfill/DSHW-2023-001251.pdf\">proposed permit denial\u003c/a> indicates there is already enough landfill capacity to handle Utah’s waste needs.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California sends toxic soil to landfills in Utah and Arizona, including sites near Native American reservations. Will lawmakers step in to keep the waste in state?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846078,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":43,"wordCount":1796},"headData":{"title":"California Keeps Sending Toxic Soil to Out-of-State Landfills — Newsom and Legislators Are Slow to Change Course | KQED","description":"California sends toxic soil to landfills in Utah and Arizona, including sites near Native American reservations. Will lawmakers step in to keep the waste in state?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Calmatters","sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/robert-lewis/\">Robert Lewis\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1981790/california-legislature-reviews-toxic-waste-disposal","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>State lawmakers are planning an oversight hearing that will look into how California handles toxic soil from old industrial, military and other cleanup sites — waste contaminated with things such as lead, petroleum hydrocarbons and the infamous insecticide DDT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/01/california-toxic-waste-dumped-arizona-utah/\">CalMatters investigation\u003c/a> last month revealed businesses and government agencies routinely dispose of contaminated soil at landfills in Arizona and Utah — states with weaker environmental regulation and oversight — as opposed to in California, where the waste would need to go to specialized hazardous waste disposal facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of the most heavily used landfills are near Native American reservations in Arizona, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23571798-20211001-consent_order_syclf_final-signed\">one landfill with a spotty environmental record\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California state and local government agencies largely oversee or directly manage the cleanup projects disposing the waste out of state. California’s own hazardous waste watchdog — the Department of Toxic Substances Control — is one of the biggest out-of-state dumpers and has continued to take its toxic waste to Arizona despite the public revelations, according to information the department recently provided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom has positioned himself as a national leader on environmental issues. His office failed to respond to requests for comment both before and after CalMatters’ initial report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The as-yet unscheduled hearing had been planned to explore various hazardous waste issues, but the chair of the state Senate’s Environmental Quality Committee said it will now also probe the out-of-state dumping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a real concern,” said Sen. Ben Allen, a Democrat from Redondo Beach. “I think at a gut level, everybody feels as though every state should be handling its own toxic waste and not sending it across borders to other states and countries with less stringent environmental standards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CalMatters’ reporting revealed that California businesses and government agencies have disposed of more than 660,000 tons of toxic soil in Arizona landfills since 2018 and nearly a million tons at a Utah landfill, according to data from the state’s hazardous waste tracking system. That includes more than 105,000 tons from the state’s cleanup of lead-contaminated soil in the neighborhoods around the old Exide battery recycling facility in Los Angeles County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The out-of-state landfills are a cheaper option than California’s two hazardous waste disposal facilities, which are in Kings and Kern counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Toxic Substances Control took most of the Exide residential cleanup waste to the South Yuma County Landfill, which Arizona environmental regulators in 2021 labeled as posing an “\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23571796-20210430-south-yuma-county-landfill-inspection-report#document/p25/a2194981\">imminent and substantial threat\u003c/a>” after an inspection noted windblown litter, large amounts of “disease vectors” (flies and birds), and groundwater with elevated levels of chromium — a metal that can harm people and the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The landfill made fixes to resolve those and other violations, according to Arizona regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exide waste has continued to go to that state. The Department of Toxic Substances Control shipped 52 loads of hazardous waste from the Exide residential cleanup to the Yuma landfill from Jan. 25 to Feb. 10, according to figures the department provided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Arizona, one lawmaker told CalMatters that she wasn’t aware California was dumping so much hazardous waste in her state’s landfills and called it “very concerning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Arizona is not a dumping ground and hauling California’s hazardous waste so close to Arizona’s agricultural hub and the Colorado River is asking for trouble no matter how many precautions they take,” said Arizona state Rep. Mariana Sandoval, a Democrat whose district includes areas around the South Yuma County Landfill. “I would hope that our new governor will take a close look at this … and encourage California to find landfills in their own state for their own waste.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>New plan coming for California toxic waste\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As to whether Californians can expect any major policy change, officials largely pointed to a 2021 law requiring the state to craft a new \u003ca href=\"https://dtsc.ca.gov/hazardous-waste-management-plan/\">hazardous waste management plan\u003c/a>. As part of the process, the Department of Toxic Substances Control is scheduled to release a report in March looking at how much hazardous waste the state is generating and how it’s being handled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The (Hazardous Waste Management) Plan will propose strategies for reducing hazardous waste generation, managing more waste in state, and addressing issues of concern, such as hazardous waste impacts to disadvantaged communities,” according to a statement from the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A proposed plan isn’t due until spring 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked how the state can justify continuing to dump hazardous waste in out-of-state landfills next to Native American reservations, California’s secretary for environmental protection, Yana Garcia, declined an interview request but provided a written statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hazardous waste challenges we face across the country are decades in the making. While we know these issues won’t be resolved overnight, California is fully committed to addressing this urgently, and we are prioritizing investing in the search for solutions to do so,” according to her statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the bill that led to the hazardous waste planning process as well as more stable funding for the department “improved our ability to address this and other toxic waste challenges. Enhancing DTSC’s regulatory oversight and requiring the research and public engagement necessary to come to consensus on solutions moves us in the right direction, but our path to achieve on-the-ground improvements will require true partnership with a multitude of stakeholders and a fundamental shift in how we produce, treat, and handle hazardous waste, across the board.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hazardous waste landfills in San Joaquin Valley\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Regulators, environmental advocates and lawmakers said the issue is complicated and any solution is likely to be controversial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is limited in its ability to regulate interstate commerce. State regulators said there’s not much they can do to stop private entities from taking waste across the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And California has only two hazardous waste landfills, both of them in the San Joaquin Valley: the \u003ca href=\"https://dtsc.ca.gov/kettleman-hills-facility/\">Kettleman Hills Facility\u003c/a> in Kings County and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/hwmp_profile_report?global_id=CAD980675276\">Buttonwillow landfill facility\u003c/a> in Kern County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On paper, the sites appear to have enough space to take contaminated soil. Last year, Jennifer Andrews, a spokesperson for WM (formerly known as Waste Management Inc.), which operates the \u003ca href=\"https://dtsc.ca.gov/kettleman-hills-facility/\">Kettleman Hills Facility\u003c/a>, told CalMatters the site “has enough capacity to meet the State of California’s hazardous waste disposal needs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We also have plenty of space to meet the needs of (Department of Toxic Substances Control) waste for years to come, providing the agency permits new disposal units at our site.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the two landfills have been controversial. Both were the subject of numerous regulatory violations over the years and advocates have long protested about the sites, which are near communities of color. In 2014 the Department of Toxic Substances Control approved \u003ca href=\"https://dtsc.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2017/03/KettlemanCommunityflyerEnglish512.pdf\">an expansion at Kettleman Hills (PDF)\u003c/a>, prompting environmental justice and community groups to file a civil rights complaint, records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘They need some other alternatives, and the reality is I don’t see them building another hazardous waste landfill.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Bradley Angel, executive director, Greenaction for Health and Environmental Justice","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bradley Angel is executive director of Greenaction for Health and Environmental Justice, one of the groups that filed the complaint, which ultimately led to a \u003ca href=\"https://dtsc.ca.gov/2016/08/10/landmark-agreement-reached-to-benefit-environmental-justice-communities-and-resolve-a-civil-rights-complaint-on-hazardous-waste-permitting-decision/\">settlement agreement\u003c/a> including provisions for more health assessment and environmental monitoring, state records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They need some other alternatives, and the reality is I don’t see them building another hazardous waste landfill,” Angel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said there’s “not the political appetite.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, the Department of Toxic Substances Control appeared to acknowledge as much in a \u003ca href=\"https://dtsc.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2021/05/FINAL-CPHWRI-REPORT_ADA_FINAL.pdf?emrc=0e9fe7\">2017 report that looked at ways to reduce hazardous waste\u003c/a>, including treating more contaminated soil on-site as opposed to excavating it. The report cited a “difficulty in gaining consensus in the siting of new facilities” as leading to a focus on strategies to reduce the amount of hazardous waste generated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, if you can’t build more sites to take hazardous waste because nobody wants it in their backyard, then you better figure out a way to make less of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Cleaning up hazardous soil\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California’s efforts to address a long history of environmental harm at old industrial and military installations produces hundreds of thousands of tons of toxic soil each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Toxic Substances Control “is trying to remediate contamination that was created over decades by unscrupulous private sector actors. Now, does that mean they ought to be dumping in Arizona?” Allen, the Democrat from Redondo Beach, asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The senator said his committee will hold an oversight hearing on the Department of Toxic Substances Control sometime this year. Other topics will likely include recent reporting from \u003cem>The Los Angeles Times\u003c/em> suggesting the state isn’t ensuring properties around the Exide facility are properly \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-02-10/exide-lead-cleanup-leaves-fear-and-frustration-in-its-wake\">cleaned of lead-contaminated soil\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s not an easy answer here. But that doesn’t mean that we accept the status quo,” Allen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1981792\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1981792 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/112922-La-Paz-County-AZ-MG-CM-06-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A landscape of beige, sandy soil and green scrub across it, with a rise the same color as the sand in the distance.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/112922-La-Paz-County-AZ-MG-CM-06-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/112922-La-Paz-County-AZ-MG-CM-06-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/112922-La-Paz-County-AZ-MG-CM-06-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/112922-La-Paz-County-AZ-MG-CM-06-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/112922-La-Paz-County-AZ-MG-CM-06.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The La Paz County Regional Landfill near the Colorado River Indian Tribes reservation in Arizona on Nov. 29, 2022. \u003ccite>(Miguel Gutierrez Jr./CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Other states could, of course, also take action. Oregon in the late 1980s adopted a rule that effectively bars California from dumping hazardous waste in that state’s regular landfills. Nevada has a similar rule. (California disposed of a large amount of contaminated soil at a Nevada facility in recent years, shipping records show. But that site is designed and permitted to handle hazardous waste.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sandoval, the lawmaker whose district includes an area around the South Yuma landfill, said Arizona legislation to restrict California’s dumping is possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nobody wants that in their backyard,” Sandoval said. “Obviously California doesn’t want it in their backyard. That’s why they’re bringing it over to us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Utah legislators CalMatters reached out to didn’t respond to requests for comment. Regulators in that state recently signified their intent to deny a permit for a landfill on the banks of the Great Salt Lake that CalMatters reported was planning to take California’s contaminated soil. CalMatters reported in January that the company behind the project filed an economic analysis with its state regulators calling the toxic soil a “unique market opportunity created by California law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://documents.deq.utah.gov/waste-management-and-radiation-control/facilities/promontory-point-landfill/DSHW-2023-001251.pdf\">proposed permit denial\u003c/a> indicates there is already enough landfill capacity to handle Utah’s waste needs.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1981790/california-legislature-reviews-toxic-waste-disposal","authors":["byline_science_1981790"],"categories":["science_35","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_182","science_194","science_192","science_490","science_309","science_381"],"featImg":"science_1981793","label":"source_science_1981790"},"science_1980324":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1980324","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1980324","score":null,"sort":[1663368092000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"sf-supervisors-unhappy-with-citys-lack-of-action-to-protect-bayview-hunters-point-residents-from-toxic-sea-level-rise","title":"SF Supervisors Unhappy With City's Lack of Action to Protect Bayview-Hunters Point Residents From Toxic Sea Level Rise","publishDate":1663368092,"format":"standard","headTitle":"SF Supervisors Unhappy With City’s Lack of Action to Protect Bayview-Hunters Point Residents From Toxic Sea Level Rise | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>A committee of San Francisco supervisors Thursday challenged Mayor London Breed’s assertion that the city understands the risk of climate change-related flooding in the Bayview-Hunters Point neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of the Government Audit and Oversight Committee reviewed a June report from the San Francisco Civil Grand Jury that \u003ca href=\"https://civilgrandjury.sfgov.org/2021_2022/2022%20CGJ%20Report_Buried%20Problems%20and%20a%20Buried%20Process%20-%20The%20Hunters%20Point%20Naval%20Shipyard%20in%20a%20Time%20of%20Climate%20Change.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">confirmed what Bayview-Hunters Point residents have been saying\u003c/span>\u003c/a>: The city is not acting fast enough on how sea level rise could surface legacy toxic contamination and spread it in neighborhoods near the Cold War-era naval shipyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' citation='Supervisor Dean Preston']‘Seven recommendations from the Civil Grand Jury. Seven responses from the mayor’s office that the city will not implement them. I don’t think that’s a good place to be.’[/pullquote]The former Navy shipyard, located on the city’s southeast shoreline, is an 866-acre federal Superfund site, meaning it’s a location the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has designated as highly contaminated with hazardous waste. Along this bayshore edge of Bayview-Hunters Point, where radioactive contamination remains buried in the soil, lies one of the most polluted areas of the entire San Francisco Bay shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Committee members Dean Preston and Connie Chan and Board of Supervisors President Shamann Walton all but chastised Mayor Breed, who did not attend the meeting, for not supporting the jury’s findings. In August, the mayor issued a letter saying \u003ca href=\"https://civilgrandjury.sfgov.org/2021_2022/Hunters%20Point%20Response_MYR_081122.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">she disagrees partially or wholly with the findings\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seven recommendations from the Civil Grand Jury. Seven responses from the mayor’s office that the city will not implement them,” Preston said. “I don’t think that’s a good place to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='science_1979614,science_1980255']He said that doesn’t mean the city has to agree to all of the jury’s recommendations, but said the issue is serious, and that the mayor’s response is “unusual” and “hopefully that can be revisited.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Civil Grand Jury found the city, the U.S. Navy and the regulators overseeing the Hunters Point Superfund site have not adequately accounted \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979645/see-a-map-of-hazardous-sites-at-risk-from-rising-seas\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">for how rising groundwater could mix with toxics and expose residents to it\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jurors recommended the city pay for an independent study about how groundwater rise could affect toxic contamination in the soil at the Superfund site, using multiple sea level rise scenarios. Their report also recommended convening a permanent Hunters Point Shipyard Cleanup Oversight Committee to examine and question decisions about the cleanup, and communicate requests from residents and the city to the Navy and oversight agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sara Miles, a member of the civil grand jury, told the supervisors there are many minds across city departments thinking about groundwater rise as a result of climate change; it’s just that “Hunters Point is artificially excluded from their oversight or their participation in the process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='science_1979658']She said the city needs additional staff across all departments if it intends to focus on how groundwater rise could affect Bayview-Hunters Point or other neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re concerned that they may miss other similar problems because there aren’t enough of them, and they don’t have a range of expertise,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The committee invited all the regulatory agencies overseeing the Superfund site — the Navy, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the California Department of Toxic Substances Control and the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board — to the meeting, but none of their representatives attended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The U.S. Navy declined to show up today,” Walton said. “They sent a letter rather than show up for the people of this city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susan Philip, health officer for the San Francisco Department of Public Health, did show up. And the supervisors grilled her with questions. Does she feel the department has the opportunity to increase staffing to monitor groundwater rise? How involved is her department in the Navy’s process? What actions had her department taken to analyze concerns around sea level rise prior to the jury’s report?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philip told the supervisors the agency has a dedicated staff person, but with the scale of the issue, Walton told her more are needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I personally believe that the least the department can do is probably put some resources together to have more eyes on the monitoring of additional science,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979637\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1979637\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Apartment buildings in the Bayview sit behind the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard in San Francisco on March 8, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When asked how much control Philip’s department has over the cleanup, she responded by saying the agency does not have regulatory power over the shipyard but will offer recommendations and comments when allowed, like during the five-year review of the Navy cleanup in the spring of 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Responding to the Civil Grand Jury’s message that public information about the toxic sites is difficult to find and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979658/poorly-prepared-sf-civil-grand-jury-slams-city-for-not-protecting-residents-from-toxic-contamination\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">unintelligible\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, Phillip said that, with the upcoming five-year review by the Navy, her goal is “make it as understandable as possible” for the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walton said he is pushing for a 100% clean-up of the site and will ensure that takes place before the land can be redeveloped into housing or businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community members pleaded with the supervisors to take action. Arieann Harrison with the Marie Harrison Community Foundation said independent testing has found that residents, including herself, already have high levels of contaminants such as uranium in their bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I tested positive for that stuff, I’m pretty sure that a lot of other residents will test positive as well,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Marcy Adelman, a psychologist and a resident of District 10, asked the board to develop recommendations that will support community health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re on a precipice here, and if we don’t act, it will be too late,” she said. “The city has to get in the game.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to the committee, the Navy says it disagrees with the jury report and has accounted for both sea level rise and groundwater rise. Officials wrote the Navy is “methodical in its cleanup approach, which is based on the best available data, science and engineering.” Officials also wrote the next five-year review will “include an evaluation of the potential effects of sea level rise and associated groundwater elevation changes on the remedies currently in place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Connie Chan asked the deputy city attorney to explore whether the supervisors can subpoena the parties if the Navy and other regulatory agencies decide not to attend future meetings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we appreciate the written responses, it is unfortunate that the regulatory bodies, as well as the Navy, cannot be here to present the data in person,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The supervisors will release recommendations for the city at a Sept. 29 meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Superfund site has been partially cleaned up. With the oversight of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Navy is continuing the cleanup, preparing it for eventual development into a sweeping new neighborhood with mixed-use construction of businesses, research institutions and thousands of homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Supervisors challenged Mayor London Breed's assertion that the city understands the risk of climate change-related flooding in the Bayview-Hunters Point neighborhood.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846191,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1229},"headData":{"title":"SF Supervisors Unhappy With City's Lack of Action to Protect Bayview-Hunters Point Residents From Toxic Sea Level Rise | KQED","description":"Supervisors challenged Mayor London Breed's assertion that the city understands the risk of climate change-related flooding in the Bayview-Hunters Point neighborhood.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/science/1980324/sf-supervisors-unhappy-with-citys-lack-of-action-to-protect-bayview-hunters-point-residents-from-toxic-sea-level-rise","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A committee of San Francisco supervisors Thursday challenged Mayor London Breed’s assertion that the city understands the risk of climate change-related flooding in the Bayview-Hunters Point neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of the Government Audit and Oversight Committee reviewed a June report from the San Francisco Civil Grand Jury that \u003ca href=\"https://civilgrandjury.sfgov.org/2021_2022/2022%20CGJ%20Report_Buried%20Problems%20and%20a%20Buried%20Process%20-%20The%20Hunters%20Point%20Naval%20Shipyard%20in%20a%20Time%20of%20Climate%20Change.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">confirmed what Bayview-Hunters Point residents have been saying\u003c/span>\u003c/a>: The city is not acting fast enough on how sea level rise could surface legacy toxic contamination and spread it in neighborhoods near the Cold War-era naval shipyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Seven recommendations from the Civil Grand Jury. Seven responses from the mayor’s office that the city will not implement them. I don’t think that’s a good place to be.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"small","citation":"Supervisor Dean Preston","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The former Navy shipyard, located on the city’s southeast shoreline, is an 866-acre federal Superfund site, meaning it’s a location the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has designated as highly contaminated with hazardous waste. Along this bayshore edge of Bayview-Hunters Point, where radioactive contamination remains buried in the soil, lies one of the most polluted areas of the entire San Francisco Bay shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Committee members Dean Preston and Connie Chan and Board of Supervisors President Shamann Walton all but chastised Mayor Breed, who did not attend the meeting, for not supporting the jury’s findings. In August, the mayor issued a letter saying \u003ca href=\"https://civilgrandjury.sfgov.org/2021_2022/Hunters%20Point%20Response_MYR_081122.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">she disagrees partially or wholly with the findings\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seven recommendations from the Civil Grand Jury. Seven responses from the mayor’s office that the city will not implement them,” Preston said. “I don’t think that’s a good place to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1979614,science_1980255","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He said that doesn’t mean the city has to agree to all of the jury’s recommendations, but said the issue is serious, and that the mayor’s response is “unusual” and “hopefully that can be revisited.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Civil Grand Jury found the city, the U.S. Navy and the regulators overseeing the Hunters Point Superfund site have not adequately accounted \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979645/see-a-map-of-hazardous-sites-at-risk-from-rising-seas\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">for how rising groundwater could mix with toxics and expose residents to it\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jurors recommended the city pay for an independent study about how groundwater rise could affect toxic contamination in the soil at the Superfund site, using multiple sea level rise scenarios. Their report also recommended convening a permanent Hunters Point Shipyard Cleanup Oversight Committee to examine and question decisions about the cleanup, and communicate requests from residents and the city to the Navy and oversight agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sara Miles, a member of the civil grand jury, told the supervisors there are many minds across city departments thinking about groundwater rise as a result of climate change; it’s just that “Hunters Point is artificially excluded from their oversight or their participation in the process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1979658","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>She said the city needs additional staff across all departments if it intends to focus on how groundwater rise could affect Bayview-Hunters Point or other neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re concerned that they may miss other similar problems because there aren’t enough of them, and they don’t have a range of expertise,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The committee invited all the regulatory agencies overseeing the Superfund site — the Navy, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the California Department of Toxic Substances Control and the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board — to the meeting, but none of their representatives attended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The U.S. Navy declined to show up today,” Walton said. “They sent a letter rather than show up for the people of this city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susan Philip, health officer for the San Francisco Department of Public Health, did show up. And the supervisors grilled her with questions. Does she feel the department has the opportunity to increase staffing to monitor groundwater rise? How involved is her department in the Navy’s process? What actions had her department taken to analyze concerns around sea level rise prior to the jury’s report?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philip told the supervisors the agency has a dedicated staff person, but with the scale of the issue, Walton told her more are needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I personally believe that the least the department can do is probably put some resources together to have more eyes on the monitoring of additional science,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979637\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1979637\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Apartment buildings in the Bayview sit behind the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard in San Francisco on March 8, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When asked how much control Philip’s department has over the cleanup, she responded by saying the agency does not have regulatory power over the shipyard but will offer recommendations and comments when allowed, like during the five-year review of the Navy cleanup in the spring of 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Responding to the Civil Grand Jury’s message that public information about the toxic sites is difficult to find and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979658/poorly-prepared-sf-civil-grand-jury-slams-city-for-not-protecting-residents-from-toxic-contamination\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">unintelligible\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, Phillip said that, with the upcoming five-year review by the Navy, her goal is “make it as understandable as possible” for the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walton said he is pushing for a 100% clean-up of the site and will ensure that takes place before the land can be redeveloped into housing or businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community members pleaded with the supervisors to take action. Arieann Harrison with the Marie Harrison Community Foundation said independent testing has found that residents, including herself, already have high levels of contaminants such as uranium in their bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I tested positive for that stuff, I’m pretty sure that a lot of other residents will test positive as well,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Marcy Adelman, a psychologist and a resident of District 10, asked the board to develop recommendations that will support community health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re on a precipice here, and if we don’t act, it will be too late,” she said. “The city has to get in the game.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to the committee, the Navy says it disagrees with the jury report and has accounted for both sea level rise and groundwater rise. Officials wrote the Navy is “methodical in its cleanup approach, which is based on the best available data, science and engineering.” Officials also wrote the next five-year review will “include an evaluation of the potential effects of sea level rise and associated groundwater elevation changes on the remedies currently in place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Connie Chan asked the deputy city attorney to explore whether the supervisors can subpoena the parties if the Navy and other regulatory agencies decide not to attend future meetings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we appreciate the written responses, it is unfortunate that the regulatory bodies, as well as the Navy, cannot be here to present the data in person,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The supervisors will release recommendations for the city at a Sept. 29 meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Superfund site has been partially cleaned up. With the oversight of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Navy is continuing the cleanup, preparing it for eventual development into a sweeping new neighborhood with mixed-use construction of businesses, research institutions and thousands of homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1980324/sf-supervisors-unhappy-with-citys-lack-of-action-to-protect-bayview-hunters-point-residents-from-toxic-sea-level-rise","authors":["11746"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_39","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_194","science_4417","science_4414","science_490","science_206","science_381"],"featImg":"science_1979781","label":"science"},"science_1971582":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1971582","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1971582","score":null,"sort":[1608056266000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"groundwater-beneath-your-feet-is-rising-with-the-sea-it-could-bring-long-buried-toxins-with-it","title":"Groundwater Beneath Your Feet Is Rising With the Sea. It Could Bring Long-Buried Toxic Contamination With It","publishDate":1608056266,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Groundwater Beneath Your Feet Is Rising With the Sea. It Could Bring Long-Buried Toxic Contamination With It | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Rising seas can evoke images of waves crashing into beachfront property or a torrent of water rolling through downtown streets. But there’s a lesser-known hazard of climate change for those who live along shorelines the world over: freshwater in the ground beneath them creeping slowly upward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">For many Bay Area residents who live near the water’s edge,\u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4261\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> little-publicized research\u003c/a>\u003c/span> indicates the problem could start to manifest in 10-15 years, particularly in low-lying communities like those in Oakland, Alameda and Marin City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groundwater rise can cause a host of infrastructure issues like crumbling roads, sewage backups and extended earthquake liquefaction zones. But water that moves silently higher can also have negative impacts on human and ecological health, by resurfacing toxic substances that have lingered for years underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everything human beings use, they spill,” said Kristina Hill, an associate professor at UC Berkeley’s College of Environmental Design, who researches adapting urban areas and shoreline communities to climate change. The overflow includes “everything we’ve used in the last hundred and fifty years,” Hill said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the “everything” she mentions is a lot. The Bay Area is \u003ca href=\"https://geotracker.waterboards.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">rife with industrial sites\u003c/span>, \u003c/a>new and old. In East Oakland, industry boomed in the early 1900s, as lumber yards, canneries, rail depots and foundries sprung up. It was a long time before governments enacted any environmental regulations to speak of, starting in the 1960s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Through the entire postwar and World War II-era, stuff got dumped informally,” Hill said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More recent contaminants lie buried as well — chemicals like benzene and toluene, leaked from underground storage tanks. Many toxic sites now considered to be contained could pose a threat as the water ascends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Legacy contamination in the soil will be remobilized when the water table comes up and intersects with these areas of contaminated soil,” Hill said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That contaminated groundwater could seep into a basement or crawlspace beneath a home, or sneak in through a broken sewage line. Some of these chemicals vaporize, so that humans could breathe them in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vulnerable groundwater, which lies beneath the surface in a layer of freshwater sitting atop water from the ocean, could affect communities within a mile of the coast, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.alamedaca.gov/files/assets/public/alameda-pio/slr2020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">recent report\u003c/span>\u003c/a> by Silvestrum Climate Associates, detailing the problem in the Bay Area island city of Alameda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The relevant thing for the problem is how close [the groundwater] is to the surface,” said Hill. She and her colleagues have analyzed and \u003ca href=\"https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.6078/D1W01Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">published data\u003c/span>\u003c/a> estimating the depth of groundwater in Bay Area coastal communities. They found the water below someone’s backyard is “typically within 6 feet of the surface when you’re within a mile of the bay edge, and so often within 2 feet or 1 foot of the surface,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the groundwater flows into contaminants no longer monitored because they are considered contained, those toxic substances may start to move, unnoticed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-1971660\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/12/KQEDSCIENCE_GRNDWTR.gif\" alt=\"Groundwater Rise\" width=\"400\" height=\"720\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now it’s possible that you have contamination in that water and you might not see it or smell it. You might not know,” said Alec Naugle, who heads the toxics cleanup division for the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board. The agency regulates the mitigation of contaminated sites in a large area stretching over the nine Bay Area counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re exposed to these chemicals over a lifetime, they can increase your risk of cancer,” Naugle said. “Some of those chemicals also have short-term risks at much higher concentrations that we don’t typically see in the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professor Hill and her colleagues have found many locations across the Bay Area at risk. For example, Marin City, she says, has topography like a bowl, and as sea levels rise, it “will fill up with water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these neighborhoods have large Black and Latino populations who already deal with unequal environmental health burdens due to living near major freeways and, in Oakland, the port. Residents of East and West Oakland have \u003ca href=\"https://calepa.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2018/03/OAKEJ_initiative_FINALweb.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">high rates of asthma\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, and children in East Oakland are more than \u003ca href=\"https://calepa.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2018/03/OAKEJ_initiative_FINALweb.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">twice as likely\u003c/span>\u003c/a> to suffer from the condition than their peers across Alameda County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>‘How Is That Going to Affect My Family?’\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marquita Price has always called \u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003ca href=\"https://localwiki.org/oakland/map/Deep_East#zoom=13&lat=37.73602&lon=-122.16018&layers=BTT\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Deep East Oakland\u003c/a>, a section of city \u003c/span>blocks laid out between two interstates, home. When she was a kid, her extended family spent a lot of time at her grandmother’s lavender house in the Havenscourt neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of the kids, including myself, would con our parents to be able to all stay and just spend the night with our grandparents, and just sing and dance all night,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1971583\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1971583 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/12/RS46321_IMG_3757-qut-e1607574163537-800x659.jpg\" alt=\"Marquita Price outside her grandmother's house in East Oakland. When she learned about the threat of rising groundwater, her thoughts turned to family health, and their assets like this home.\" width=\"800\" height=\"659\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/12/RS46321_IMG_3757-qut-e1607574163537-800x659.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/12/RS46321_IMG_3757-qut-e1607574163537-1020x840.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/12/RS46321_IMG_3757-qut-e1607574163537-160x132.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/12/RS46321_IMG_3757-qut-e1607574163537-768x632.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/12/RS46321_IMG_3757-qut-e1607574163537.jpg 1224w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marquita Price outside her grandmother’s house in East Oakland. When she learned about the threat of rising groundwater, her thoughts turned to the health of her family and their assets. \u003ccite>(Laura Klivans/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These days, Price is an urban planner for \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastoaklandcollective.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The East Oakland Collective\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, a nonprofit dedicated to racial and economic equality in the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years back, while participating in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/estuary-commons/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">design challenge\u003c/span>\u003c/a> calling for ways the Bay Area could prepare for climate change, Price learned about groundwater rise, and the slow-motion havoc it could wreak on her neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She thought immediately of the people and places she loved, such as her grandmother’s home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How is that going to affect my family?” Price said, “And my community and the assets that we worked so hard to hold?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Price then met Hill, the UC Berkeley professor, who has been raising the alarm about the threat of rising groundwater for years. Hill’s work has informed her activism on the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s something that people haven’t really thought of as an impact of sea level rise,” Hill said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hill says it’s no coincidence that large numbers of people of color live in low-lying areas that will likely face the threat of rising groundwater first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was either redlining or restrictive homeowner covenants that prevented people of color from moving to neighborhoods on higher ground,” she said. “So effectively, white people … left them to live near the industrial areas and on low ground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\n\u003cb>Regulators Assess Next Moves\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naugle, from the Water Quality Control Board, says contaminated sites are at risk of flooding all along California shorelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are literally hundreds, perhaps thousands of these cases in our region alone, not to mention statewide,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his team now face the daunting task of assessing which sites are of most concern and what to do about them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They eventually plan to use a report being written by Silvestrum Climate Associates, the private environmental consulting firm that led the Alameda groundwater study. Over the next few years, Silvestrum staff will map groundwater depths and test for contamination in four Bay Area counties: San Mateo, San Francisco, Marin and Alameda. Naugle and his water board colleagues intend to use the report in identifying the most at-risk locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Department of Toxic Substances Control also regulates contaminated sites. Grant Cope, the deputy director for site mitigation and restoration, said the organization plans to tackle the problem as well. He would like to work with the U.S. Geological Survey to overlay maps that show groundwater rise onto maps of contaminated sites, to use as “an early-warning system” for site managers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What Community Members Can Do\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naugle says if communities are concerned about the management of a site prone to groundwater contamination, they should contact the water board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would take a look at that and figure out if that is something that does need a response,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kristina Hill agrees. “Call the regional water board and ask for staff to come to a community meeting,” or call the California Environmental Protection Agency, she said. Community members should ask for updates on the status of cleanup projects in their neighborhoods and whether groundwater is being monitored at its maximum, not average, level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If not, she said, “Ask for a monitoring well or two to be installed to track maximum groundwater levels nearby,” especially if people live downhill from former industrial sites like dry cleaners, gas stations or factories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians can review sites known to contain contaminants through \u003ca href=\"https://geotracker.waterboards.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">GeoTracker\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, an online database where various regulators track cleanup efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside homes, Hill said, check seals on plumbing fixtures, like the one on the floor around the toilet, and ask a plumber to check for air leaks that would come from a sewage pipe into your home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kris May of Silvestrum Climate Associates lives in a low-lying area in the city of Alameda. She installed a pump in her basement to remove water that collects there, and plans to take a sample to test for specific contaminants. She’s been talking to Alameda city leadership about assembling a network of volunteers to test samples. May also covered her pump with a milk crate, to make sure no humans or pets come in contact with potentially contaminated water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>May cautioned against buying an indoor air monitor to measure toxic contamination that vaporizes from groundwater, called volatile organic compounds, or VOCs. She said they won’t work well for substances like benzene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grant Cope of the state’s toxic substances control department, said, “One of the most important things that people can do is to require local governments to pass enforceable standards that apply to groundwater rise due to sea level rise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These should include local requirements for new buildings and cleanups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Include the Community\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, Price looked onto a recreation field outside an East Oakland affordable housing development called Coliseum Gardens. The development sits on the location of a former recycling center, ringed by old industrial sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The land is low-lying, and the groundwater is close to the surface. Price said people in this area do see some flooding. But awareness was low of “exactly what it is and how contaminated it is and how damaging it really could be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As people learn more about the issue and lobby for solutions, Price said, she wants her community to have a role in addressing the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want just some outside consultants and companies to come in and carry out the plan,” she said. “Our unemployment is crazy out here. So this could definitely be a low-entry job that can provide to the community and also bring awareness [to the issue] at the same time. We can’t prevent natural disasters or any kind of disasters or problems from happening,” Price said. “It’s just about how we plan for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Rising sea levels are pushing up groundwater beneath coastal communities, and one consequence is the potential for contaminants once thought contained to resurface.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846883,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":51,"wordCount":1848},"headData":{"title":"Groundwater Beneath Your Feet Is Rising With the Sea. It Could Bring Long-Buried Toxic Contamination With It | KQED","description":"Rising sea levels are pushing up groundwater beneath coastal communities, and one consequence is the potential for contaminants once thought contained to resurface.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Climate","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-4[…]f-aaef00f5a073/b459b296-f985-4dfb-8817-ac910136974e/audio.mp3","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1971582/groundwater-beneath-your-feet-is-rising-with-the-sea-it-could-bring-long-buried-toxins-with-it","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Rising seas can evoke images of waves crashing into beachfront property or a torrent of water rolling through downtown streets. But there’s a lesser-known hazard of climate change for those who live along shorelines the world over: freshwater in the ground beneath them creeping slowly upward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">For many Bay Area residents who live near the water’s edge,\u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4261\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> little-publicized research\u003c/a>\u003c/span> indicates the problem could start to manifest in 10-15 years, particularly in low-lying communities like those in Oakland, Alameda and Marin City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groundwater rise can cause a host of infrastructure issues like crumbling roads, sewage backups and extended earthquake liquefaction zones. But water that moves silently higher can also have negative impacts on human and ecological health, by resurfacing toxic substances that have lingered for years underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everything human beings use, they spill,” said Kristina Hill, an associate professor at UC Berkeley’s College of Environmental Design, who researches adapting urban areas and shoreline communities to climate change. The overflow includes “everything we’ve used in the last hundred and fifty years,” Hill said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the “everything” she mentions is a lot. The Bay Area is \u003ca href=\"https://geotracker.waterboards.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">rife with industrial sites\u003c/span>, \u003c/a>new and old. In East Oakland, industry boomed in the early 1900s, as lumber yards, canneries, rail depots and foundries sprung up. It was a long time before governments enacted any environmental regulations to speak of, starting in the 1960s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Through the entire postwar and World War II-era, stuff got dumped informally,” Hill said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More recent contaminants lie buried as well — chemicals like benzene and toluene, leaked from underground storage tanks. Many toxic sites now considered to be contained could pose a threat as the water ascends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Legacy contamination in the soil will be remobilized when the water table comes up and intersects with these areas of contaminated soil,” Hill said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That contaminated groundwater could seep into a basement or crawlspace beneath a home, or sneak in through a broken sewage line. Some of these chemicals vaporize, so that humans could breathe them in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vulnerable groundwater, which lies beneath the surface in a layer of freshwater sitting atop water from the ocean, could affect communities within a mile of the coast, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.alamedaca.gov/files/assets/public/alameda-pio/slr2020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">recent report\u003c/span>\u003c/a> by Silvestrum Climate Associates, detailing the problem in the Bay Area island city of Alameda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The relevant thing for the problem is how close [the groundwater] is to the surface,” said Hill. She and her colleagues have analyzed and \u003ca href=\"https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.6078/D1W01Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">published data\u003c/span>\u003c/a> estimating the depth of groundwater in Bay Area coastal communities. They found the water below someone’s backyard is “typically within 6 feet of the surface when you’re within a mile of the bay edge, and so often within 2 feet or 1 foot of the surface,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the groundwater flows into contaminants no longer monitored because they are considered contained, those toxic substances may start to move, unnoticed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-1971660\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/12/KQEDSCIENCE_GRNDWTR.gif\" alt=\"Groundwater Rise\" width=\"400\" height=\"720\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now it’s possible that you have contamination in that water and you might not see it or smell it. You might not know,” said Alec Naugle, who heads the toxics cleanup division for the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board. The agency regulates the mitigation of contaminated sites in a large area stretching over the nine Bay Area counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re exposed to these chemicals over a lifetime, they can increase your risk of cancer,” Naugle said. “Some of those chemicals also have short-term risks at much higher concentrations that we don’t typically see in the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professor Hill and her colleagues have found many locations across the Bay Area at risk. For example, Marin City, she says, has topography like a bowl, and as sea levels rise, it “will fill up with water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these neighborhoods have large Black and Latino populations who already deal with unequal environmental health burdens due to living near major freeways and, in Oakland, the port. Residents of East and West Oakland have \u003ca href=\"https://calepa.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2018/03/OAKEJ_initiative_FINALweb.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">high rates of asthma\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, and children in East Oakland are more than \u003ca href=\"https://calepa.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2018/03/OAKEJ_initiative_FINALweb.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">twice as likely\u003c/span>\u003c/a> to suffer from the condition than their peers across Alameda County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>‘How Is That Going to Affect My Family?’\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marquita Price has always called \u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003ca href=\"https://localwiki.org/oakland/map/Deep_East#zoom=13&lat=37.73602&lon=-122.16018&layers=BTT\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Deep East Oakland\u003c/a>, a section of city \u003c/span>blocks laid out between two interstates, home. When she was a kid, her extended family spent a lot of time at her grandmother’s lavender house in the Havenscourt neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of the kids, including myself, would con our parents to be able to all stay and just spend the night with our grandparents, and just sing and dance all night,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1971583\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1971583 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/12/RS46321_IMG_3757-qut-e1607574163537-800x659.jpg\" alt=\"Marquita Price outside her grandmother's house in East Oakland. When she learned about the threat of rising groundwater, her thoughts turned to family health, and their assets like this home.\" width=\"800\" height=\"659\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/12/RS46321_IMG_3757-qut-e1607574163537-800x659.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/12/RS46321_IMG_3757-qut-e1607574163537-1020x840.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/12/RS46321_IMG_3757-qut-e1607574163537-160x132.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/12/RS46321_IMG_3757-qut-e1607574163537-768x632.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/12/RS46321_IMG_3757-qut-e1607574163537.jpg 1224w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marquita Price outside her grandmother’s house in East Oakland. When she learned about the threat of rising groundwater, her thoughts turned to the health of her family and their assets. \u003ccite>(Laura Klivans/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These days, Price is an urban planner for \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastoaklandcollective.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The East Oakland Collective\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, a nonprofit dedicated to racial and economic equality in the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years back, while participating in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/estuary-commons/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">design challenge\u003c/span>\u003c/a> calling for ways the Bay Area could prepare for climate change, Price learned about groundwater rise, and the slow-motion havoc it could wreak on her neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She thought immediately of the people and places she loved, such as her grandmother’s home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How is that going to affect my family?” Price said, “And my community and the assets that we worked so hard to hold?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Price then met Hill, the UC Berkeley professor, who has been raising the alarm about the threat of rising groundwater for years. Hill’s work has informed her activism on the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s something that people haven’t really thought of as an impact of sea level rise,” Hill said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hill says it’s no coincidence that large numbers of people of color live in low-lying areas that will likely face the threat of rising groundwater first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was either redlining or restrictive homeowner covenants that prevented people of color from moving to neighborhoods on higher ground,” she said. “So effectively, white people … left them to live near the industrial areas and on low ground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003cb>Regulators Assess Next Moves\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naugle, from the Water Quality Control Board, says contaminated sites are at risk of flooding all along California shorelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are literally hundreds, perhaps thousands of these cases in our region alone, not to mention statewide,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his team now face the daunting task of assessing which sites are of most concern and what to do about them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They eventually plan to use a report being written by Silvestrum Climate Associates, the private environmental consulting firm that led the Alameda groundwater study. Over the next few years, Silvestrum staff will map groundwater depths and test for contamination in four Bay Area counties: San Mateo, San Francisco, Marin and Alameda. Naugle and his water board colleagues intend to use the report in identifying the most at-risk locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Department of Toxic Substances Control also regulates contaminated sites. Grant Cope, the deputy director for site mitigation and restoration, said the organization plans to tackle the problem as well. He would like to work with the U.S. Geological Survey to overlay maps that show groundwater rise onto maps of contaminated sites, to use as “an early-warning system” for site managers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What Community Members Can Do\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naugle says if communities are concerned about the management of a site prone to groundwater contamination, they should contact the water board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would take a look at that and figure out if that is something that does need a response,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kristina Hill agrees. “Call the regional water board and ask for staff to come to a community meeting,” or call the California Environmental Protection Agency, she said. Community members should ask for updates on the status of cleanup projects in their neighborhoods and whether groundwater is being monitored at its maximum, not average, level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If not, she said, “Ask for a monitoring well or two to be installed to track maximum groundwater levels nearby,” especially if people live downhill from former industrial sites like dry cleaners, gas stations or factories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians can review sites known to contain contaminants through \u003ca href=\"https://geotracker.waterboards.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">GeoTracker\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, an online database where various regulators track cleanup efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside homes, Hill said, check seals on plumbing fixtures, like the one on the floor around the toilet, and ask a plumber to check for air leaks that would come from a sewage pipe into your home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kris May of Silvestrum Climate Associates lives in a low-lying area in the city of Alameda. She installed a pump in her basement to remove water that collects there, and plans to take a sample to test for specific contaminants. She’s been talking to Alameda city leadership about assembling a network of volunteers to test samples. May also covered her pump with a milk crate, to make sure no humans or pets come in contact with potentially contaminated water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>May cautioned against buying an indoor air monitor to measure toxic contamination that vaporizes from groundwater, called volatile organic compounds, or VOCs. She said they won’t work well for substances like benzene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grant Cope of the state’s toxic substances control department, said, “One of the most important things that people can do is to require local governments to pass enforceable standards that apply to groundwater rise due to sea level rise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These should include local requirements for new buildings and cleanups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Include the Community\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, Price looked onto a recreation field outside an East Oakland affordable housing development called Coliseum Gardens. The development sits on the location of a former recycling center, ringed by old industrial sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The land is low-lying, and the groundwater is close to the surface. Price said people in this area do see some flooding. But awareness was low of “exactly what it is and how contaminated it is and how damaging it really could be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As people learn more about the issue and lobby for solutions, Price said, she wants her community to have a role in addressing the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want just some outside consultants and companies to come in and carry out the plan,” she said. “Our unemployment is crazy out here. So this could definitely be a low-entry job that can provide to the community and also bring awareness [to the issue] at the same time. We can’t prevent natural disasters or any kind of disasters or problems from happening,” Price said. “It’s just about how we plan for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1971582/groundwater-beneath-your-feet-is-rising-with-the-sea-it-could-bring-long-buried-toxins-with-it","authors":["8648"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_38","science_39","science_40","science_4450","science_98"],"tags":["science_194","science_4417","science_4414","science_490","science_206"],"featImg":"science_1971698","label":"source_science_1971582"},"science_1939169":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1939169","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1939169","score":null,"sort":[1552978864000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"one-increasingly-popular-way-to-control-floods-let-the-water-come","title":"One Increasingly Popular Way to Control Floods: Let the Water Come","publishDate":1552978864,"format":"standard","headTitle":"One Increasingly Popular Way to Control Floods: Let the Water Come | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>In California’s Central Valley, 100 miles east of San Francisco, the San Joaquin and Tuolumne rivers meet. Their waters mingle amid a wide flat plain of shrubs, cottonwood and oak trees. The Dos Rios Ranch Preserve, 1,600 acres of wetlands, river habitat and rolling hills, sits at the site of this juncture. On clear days, the Sierra Nevada rises in the east and the Coast Range to the west.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Promoting floodplains as a way to refill aquifers, reduce risk from flood damage, re-create wildlife habitat and filter pollutants.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As Jason Faridi surveys the scene on a recent early morning, the sun’s rays reflect off the river, turning the water the color of egg yolks. A cacophony of bird calls fill the air. Near the water’s margin, waxy milk cartons — cut in half to hold seedling plants — bob up and down. They contain young elderberry and cottonwood plants, stretching their roots toward the clay river bottom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will take a couple more years for these replanted natives to reach maturity at Dos Rios, the largest floodplain restoration project in the state. After six years of work and $40 million in funding, the riparian habitat flooded for the first time this winter, after strong February storms and the waters could sustain all the way through June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The natural trees and shrubs that we’re putting in here want the floodwaters to come in,” says Faridi, a restoration ecologist, looking out onto a riparian forest at the water’s edge. Not only do these plants thrive under floodwaters, he says, “the river itself and the animals in it benefit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faridi is with River Partners, an environmental nonprofit based in Chico that focuses on restoring floodplains and wetlands. After years of battling the frequently flooded land, the Lyons Family, previous owners of the Dos Rios Ranch, decided to sell the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For as long as the agriculture has been here, they’ve been dealing with flood damage,” says Fairidi. “They were always fighting that so they could protect their property. Now we’ve kind of reversed that. … We’re reducing flood damage, because there’s no more ranching.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>River Partners and the Tuolumne River Trust raised funds to buy the ranch over a period of 10 years. The nonprofit took down agricultural berms — raised barriers of land engineered to prevent flooding — to reconnect the floodplain to the river. River Partners has planted over 200,000 native plants, which naturally store floodwaters and release them slowly back into the river, protecting nearby communities. So far the group has restored 600 acres of Dos Rios Ranch, and are currently working on 700 more acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit points to floodplains as a key way to refill long-tapped aquifers, reduce risk from flood damage, re-create wildlife habitat and filter pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1939175\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1939175\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/RS35470_DosRios_022-800x523.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"523\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/RS35470_DosRios_022-800x523.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/RS35470_DosRios_022-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/RS35470_DosRios_022-768x502.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/RS35470_DosRios_022-1020x666.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/RS35470_DosRios_022-1200x784.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/RS35470_DosRios_022.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One portion of the ranch that has not yet been restored at Dos Rios Ranch in Modesto. The Coast Range sits to the west of the property on Friday Feb. 22, 2019. (Lindsey Moore/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Going With the Flow\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a wild river floods, water and sediment spills over its banks onto adjacent land, it builds up a natural floodplain. Floodplains allow a river’s high flows to spread out and slow down, forming temporary reservoirs that pool over the rainy season. That means more water percolating down into underlying aquifers — a layer of permeable rock, sand, gravel and silt that stores water — and less floodwaters barreling toward cities. Low points on a floodplain, or swales, also serve as food chambers for fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For much of the last century, standard practice in California has been to channelize rivers, choking off high flows from their natural floodplains, in an effort to protect crops and cities. But that \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2017/10/10/a-landmark-california-plan-puts-floodplains-back-in-business\">convention is evolving.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his state-of-the state address this February, Governor Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mxmuo8MhOgk\">vowed to expand floodplain habitat\u003c/a> in the Central Valley. This is one approach California is investing in to increase groundwater storage and reduce flood damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent storms have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1938969/it-took-a-while-but-california-is-now-almost-completely-out-of-drought\">wiped out California’s recent drought. \u003c/a>But, even if surface waters are aplenty, in many parts of the state groundwater levels are still at all-time lows. About 85 percent of \u003ca href=\"https://www.watereducation.org/photo-gallery/california-water-101\">Californians depend on \u003c/a>these underground water-storage chambers for some portion of their drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Flood Now, Use Later\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although floodplains take land out of commission for growing crops or raising livestock, some people hope restored floodplains will benefit agriculture in the long run as a natural water storage system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a win for the environment and it’s a win for agriculture because that means you’re maintaining more water for those drought years,” says Jake Wenger, a Modesto farmer of more than 40 years and a former irrigation district board member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A floodplain’s layer-cake of clay, sand and gravel may also prove effective in filtering water pollutants. In the San Joaquin Valley, more than 1 million people \u003ca href=\"https://psmag.com/environment/how-water-contamination-is-putting-this-california-town-at-risk\">cannot access clean drinking water\u003c/a> owing to agricultural pollutants, such as nitrates and pesticides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To be able to create areas where we are adding to freshwater supplies is one of the goals of our projects,” says Terrel Hutton, of River Partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Dos Rios operations manager, Stephen Sheppard, estimates that when the restored plains flood, the waters are anywhere from 1 to 10 feet deep. Quantifying how much of these floodwaters enters the underlying aquifer will be the aim of a research project River Partners is working on with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1939176\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1939176\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/RS35461_DosRios_013-800x522.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"522\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/RS35461_DosRios_013-800x522.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/RS35461_DosRios_013-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/RS35461_DosRios_013-768x501.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/RS35461_DosRios_013-1020x665.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/RS35461_DosRios_013-1200x783.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/RS35461_DosRios_013.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A swollen floodplain at the Dos Rios Ranch in Modesto on Friday Feb. 22, 2019. (Lindsey Moore/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, Jeffrey Mount, former director of the UC Davis Center for Watershed Sciences, expects the amount of water seeping into the aquifer will be low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Natural floodplains have clay rich soils,” says Mount, currently a senior fellow with the Public Policy Institute of California. “You often don’t get really good recharge in those areas, because you have to let water sit for a very long time.” The Central Valley is riddled with “boom and bust” cycles of rainfall and drought, and Mount says sustaining floodplain habitat may be challenging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the area is prime real estate for this restoration. “Because we have not urbanized those floodplains,” says Mount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>River Partners has \u003ca href=\"https://www.riverpartners.org/projects/\">completed four riparian habitat restorations\u003c/a> in the Sacramento Valley, and Mount says that is another area ripe for further floodplain renourishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around the state about 25 restoration projects are currently underway, estimates Julie Rentner, who leads project development at River Partners. Dozens more are in the pipeline, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long-term impact that restored floodplains could have on bolstering California’s water supply is, for now, unclear. And it’s not a water-storage solution that’s viable in every part of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appeal of these projects could “allow people to ignore the harder question which is, how will you reduce water usage?” Mount said. “That’s how you will increase groundwater storage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Welcoming Back Native Species\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Restoring floodplains won’t solve all of California’s water security issues, Mount says, but the projects have many benefits. They’re “good for water supply, good for water quality and it’s good for habitat from everything from birds to fishes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up to 130,000 native plants such as California wild rose, blackberry bush, and trees like willows and oaks have grown at the ranch since the floodplain restoration began six years ago. This newly created habitat provides shade on the river, lowering its temperature and allowing fish, such as steelhead trout and Chinook salmon, to fatten up before making their way to the ocean. Dos Rios has even welcomed back federally endangered species, such as the riparian brush rabbit, whose habitat was wiped out when the land was used for farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of engineering California’s rivers, Faridi thinks reconnecting them with floodplains may be a way California can “move forward managing our waterways, managing species, and managing flood damage reduction to communities along the river.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Flooding is always termed as a bad word,” says Faridi. But in the case of these plains, “it’s actually a good word.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California is looking to floodplains as a way to avoid flood damage and store water. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848788,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":33,"wordCount":1441},"headData":{"title":"One Increasingly Popular Way to Control Floods: Let the Water Come | KQED","description":"California is looking to floodplains as a way to avoid flood damage and store water. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Floodplains","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1939169/one-increasingly-popular-way-to-control-floods-let-the-water-come","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In California’s Central Valley, 100 miles east of San Francisco, the San Joaquin and Tuolumne rivers meet. Their waters mingle amid a wide flat plain of shrubs, cottonwood and oak trees. The Dos Rios Ranch Preserve, 1,600 acres of wetlands, river habitat and rolling hills, sits at the site of this juncture. On clear days, the Sierra Nevada rises in the east and the Coast Range to the west.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Promoting floodplains as a way to refill aquifers, reduce risk from flood damage, re-create wildlife habitat and filter pollutants.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As Jason Faridi surveys the scene on a recent early morning, the sun’s rays reflect off the river, turning the water the color of egg yolks. A cacophony of bird calls fill the air. Near the water’s margin, waxy milk cartons — cut in half to hold seedling plants — bob up and down. They contain young elderberry and cottonwood plants, stretching their roots toward the clay river bottom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will take a couple more years for these replanted natives to reach maturity at Dos Rios, the largest floodplain restoration project in the state. After six years of work and $40 million in funding, the riparian habitat flooded for the first time this winter, after strong February storms and the waters could sustain all the way through June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The natural trees and shrubs that we’re putting in here want the floodwaters to come in,” says Faridi, a restoration ecologist, looking out onto a riparian forest at the water’s edge. Not only do these plants thrive under floodwaters, he says, “the river itself and the animals in it benefit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faridi is with River Partners, an environmental nonprofit based in Chico that focuses on restoring floodplains and wetlands. After years of battling the frequently flooded land, the Lyons Family, previous owners of the Dos Rios Ranch, decided to sell the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For as long as the agriculture has been here, they’ve been dealing with flood damage,” says Fairidi. “They were always fighting that so they could protect their property. Now we’ve kind of reversed that. … We’re reducing flood damage, because there’s no more ranching.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>River Partners and the Tuolumne River Trust raised funds to buy the ranch over a period of 10 years. The nonprofit took down agricultural berms — raised barriers of land engineered to prevent flooding — to reconnect the floodplain to the river. River Partners has planted over 200,000 native plants, which naturally store floodwaters and release them slowly back into the river, protecting nearby communities. So far the group has restored 600 acres of Dos Rios Ranch, and are currently working on 700 more acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit points to floodplains as a key way to refill long-tapped aquifers, reduce risk from flood damage, re-create wildlife habitat and filter pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1939175\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1939175\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/RS35470_DosRios_022-800x523.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"523\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/RS35470_DosRios_022-800x523.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/RS35470_DosRios_022-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/RS35470_DosRios_022-768x502.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/RS35470_DosRios_022-1020x666.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/RS35470_DosRios_022-1200x784.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/RS35470_DosRios_022.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One portion of the ranch that has not yet been restored at Dos Rios Ranch in Modesto. The Coast Range sits to the west of the property on Friday Feb. 22, 2019. (Lindsey Moore/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Going With the Flow\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a wild river floods, water and sediment spills over its banks onto adjacent land, it builds up a natural floodplain. Floodplains allow a river’s high flows to spread out and slow down, forming temporary reservoirs that pool over the rainy season. That means more water percolating down into underlying aquifers — a layer of permeable rock, sand, gravel and silt that stores water — and less floodwaters barreling toward cities. Low points on a floodplain, or swales, also serve as food chambers for fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For much of the last century, standard practice in California has been to channelize rivers, choking off high flows from their natural floodplains, in an effort to protect crops and cities. But that \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2017/10/10/a-landmark-california-plan-puts-floodplains-back-in-business\">convention is evolving.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his state-of-the state address this February, Governor Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mxmuo8MhOgk\">vowed to expand floodplain habitat\u003c/a> in the Central Valley. This is one approach California is investing in to increase groundwater storage and reduce flood damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent storms have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1938969/it-took-a-while-but-california-is-now-almost-completely-out-of-drought\">wiped out California’s recent drought. \u003c/a>But, even if surface waters are aplenty, in many parts of the state groundwater levels are still at all-time lows. About 85 percent of \u003ca href=\"https://www.watereducation.org/photo-gallery/california-water-101\">Californians depend on \u003c/a>these underground water-storage chambers for some portion of their drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Flood Now, Use Later\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although floodplains take land out of commission for growing crops or raising livestock, some people hope restored floodplains will benefit agriculture in the long run as a natural water storage system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a win for the environment and it’s a win for agriculture because that means you’re maintaining more water for those drought years,” says Jake Wenger, a Modesto farmer of more than 40 years and a former irrigation district board member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A floodplain’s layer-cake of clay, sand and gravel may also prove effective in filtering water pollutants. In the San Joaquin Valley, more than 1 million people \u003ca href=\"https://psmag.com/environment/how-water-contamination-is-putting-this-california-town-at-risk\">cannot access clean drinking water\u003c/a> owing to agricultural pollutants, such as nitrates and pesticides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To be able to create areas where we are adding to freshwater supplies is one of the goals of our projects,” says Terrel Hutton, of River Partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Dos Rios operations manager, Stephen Sheppard, estimates that when the restored plains flood, the waters are anywhere from 1 to 10 feet deep. Quantifying how much of these floodwaters enters the underlying aquifer will be the aim of a research project River Partners is working on with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1939176\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1939176\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/RS35461_DosRios_013-800x522.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"522\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/RS35461_DosRios_013-800x522.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/RS35461_DosRios_013-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/RS35461_DosRios_013-768x501.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/RS35461_DosRios_013-1020x665.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/RS35461_DosRios_013-1200x783.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/RS35461_DosRios_013.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A swollen floodplain at the Dos Rios Ranch in Modesto on Friday Feb. 22, 2019. (Lindsey Moore/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, Jeffrey Mount, former director of the UC Davis Center for Watershed Sciences, expects the amount of water seeping into the aquifer will be low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Natural floodplains have clay rich soils,” says Mount, currently a senior fellow with the Public Policy Institute of California. “You often don’t get really good recharge in those areas, because you have to let water sit for a very long time.” The Central Valley is riddled with “boom and bust” cycles of rainfall and drought, and Mount says sustaining floodplain habitat may be challenging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the area is prime real estate for this restoration. “Because we have not urbanized those floodplains,” says Mount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>River Partners has \u003ca href=\"https://www.riverpartners.org/projects/\">completed four riparian habitat restorations\u003c/a> in the Sacramento Valley, and Mount says that is another area ripe for further floodplain renourishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around the state about 25 restoration projects are currently underway, estimates Julie Rentner, who leads project development at River Partners. Dozens more are in the pipeline, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long-term impact that restored floodplains could have on bolstering California’s water supply is, for now, unclear. And it’s not a water-storage solution that’s viable in every part of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appeal of these projects could “allow people to ignore the harder question which is, how will you reduce water usage?” Mount said. “That’s how you will increase groundwater storage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Welcoming Back Native Species\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Restoring floodplains won’t solve all of California’s water security issues, Mount says, but the projects have many benefits. They’re “good for water supply, good for water quality and it’s good for habitat from everything from birds to fishes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up to 130,000 native plants such as California wild rose, blackberry bush, and trees like willows and oaks have grown at the ranch since the floodplain restoration began six years ago. This newly created habitat provides shade on the river, lowering its temperature and allowing fish, such as steelhead trout and Chinook salmon, to fatten up before making their way to the ocean. Dos Rios has even welcomed back federally endangered species, such as the riparian brush rabbit, whose habitat was wiped out when the land was used for farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of engineering California’s rivers, Faridi thinks reconnecting them with floodplains may be a way California can “move forward managing our waterways, managing species, and managing flood damage reduction to communities along the river.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Flooding is always termed as a bad word,” says Faridi. But in the case of these plains, “it’s actually a good word.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1939169/one-increasingly-popular-way-to-control-floods-let-the-water-come","authors":["11578"],"categories":["science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_686","science_3370","science_3832","science_1548","science_3834","science_490"],"featImg":"science_1939174","label":"source_science_1939169"},"science_1933122":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1933122","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1933122","score":null,"sort":[1539885633000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"why-california-law-requires-a-clear-benefit-for-groundwater-recharge","title":"Why California Law Requires a 'Clear Benefit' for Groundwater Recharge","publishDate":1539885633,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Why California Law Requires a ‘Clear Benefit’ for Groundwater Recharge | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Researchers at the University of California recently \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/10/04/is-groundwater-recharge-a-beneficial-use-california-law-says-no\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">highlighted\u003c/a> a flaw in state law that may prohibit diverting streamflow to recharge groundwater. The problem is that groundwater recharge by itself is not considered a “beneficial use” under state law, and meeting that definition is a requirement to obtain a permit to divert water.[contextly_sidebar id=”2ViJvHaEuCTE5vIrxwfK4dAL7s8M3gsp”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials at the State Water Resources Control Board, which oversees water rights, say the reality is not so clear-cut. In fact, existing rules allow most groundwater recharge projects to obtain a water right. It’s just that they may not be awarded that right for the act of recharge by itself. The applicant would have to specifically target some ancillary benefit of recharge, such as salinity control in an aquifer or reversing land subsidence caused by overpumping groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.C.\u003c/span> researchers, among other things, recommended that the water board develop new regulations to clarify that those kinds of nonextractive uses of groundwater are, in fact, a beneficial use. But the water board has no plans to do so, asserting that existing rules are adequate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To explain all this further, Water Deeply recently spoke with Erik Ekdahl, a deputy director in the division of water rights at the state board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Why isn’t the water board changing the rules to make groundwater recharge a beneficial use?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erik Ekdahl: Two main reasons. The first is that it leads to trouble and potential “cold storage,” for lack of a better term, related to junior water-right holders and senior water-right holders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you start making groundwater recharge a beneficial use, what that does is it allows senior water-right holders to start placing vast amounts of water into aquifer storage that downstream junior water-right holders essentially no longer have access to. It really messes up the order of things, including how much people pay for water.[contextly_sidebar id=”ECueFklUwqnkwOFl2tr31v8c74uqibfN”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s say you have a very senior water-right holder and they have a license for maybe 1,000 acre-feet a year. Yet they’re only able to actually use 300 a year, because that’s how much they need for their crops. So they have a right to 700 additional acre-feet, but no place to use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upon making groundwater recharge a beneficial use, what you basically allow that senior water-right holder to do is put that extra 700 acre-feet into storage. They can lock that up and keep it underground, and they don’t have to do anything with it. Then all the downstream users don’t have access to it. So something a junior water-right holder might have been getting very cheaply, they suddenly might have to pay a couple hundred dollars an acre-foot or more to get. It reduces the amount of water that might be available, and it changes the cost structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: And what’s the second reason?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ekdahl: The second is that you don’t really need to. I think that’s the more important one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There seems to be the mistaken belief among a lot of water-right users that if you just made groundwater recharge a beneficial use then it would be really easy to get a groundwater storage permit. Yet that’s not really the case. It doesn’t address the things that really fundamentally drive the water-right permitting process – which are whether or not they have done an environmental review and whether or not there is actually water available, as well as the effects on downstream water users and the environment. We still have to address all of those things. So simply making groundwater recharge a beneficial use doesn’t avoid those issues that take a long time to address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other element of this is that when you really look at what people want to use groundwater storage for, we already include those as beneficial uses. Typically, it’s because they want to use it for their irrigation or municipal supply later on. That’s already a beneficial use. You don’t need to create a new type of beneficial use to account for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other issues include what we might call “in situ” beneficial uses, or nonextractive uses. This could include recharging groundwater as a seawater barrier, protection from land subsidence or protecting instream flows. Pollution control could be a beneficial use. Those are all beneficial uses, as well. In fact we have permitted those types of things in the past. The storage itself doesn’t fundamentally affect the aquifer. It’s what use comes out of it after that’s fundamentally important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: What about the goal of achieving sustainability in an aquifer, as required by the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act. Is that a beneficial use?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ekdahl: It could be. I would take a slightly more skeptical view of this idea that we need to recharge an aquifer just to meet that definition in the \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA.\u003c/span> Why are you trying to reach some water level in the aquifer? It’s almost certainly going to be for a number of reasons: That’s the level at which most of your private domestic or municipal wells are at [or] at which subsidence no longer occurs – or to repel salinity. There are all these other issues that would actually drive the need to raise the aquifer level to some point. And those would all be beneficial uses.[contextly_sidebar id=”W4YPLKnbvvxWhPrSK5b62r0uKlZk1krD”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other idea that I think merits a little bit of skepticism is this: If we’re going to raise the level in an aquifer, how realistic is that for most of these \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA\u003c/span>basins? I think that’s a pretty unrealistic goal for many basins. I think what we’re going to see in most \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA\u003c/span> plans is some kind of slow ramp-down to a level that’s lower than what we see today. I think it’s going to be really tough to raise groundwater levels in many of these aquifers without massive, massive changes in pumping rates or water application, or through recharge efforts. The mass balances just don’t work out otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: So if the water board has no plans to change the regulations on beneficial use, what is it doing to encourage more groundwater recharge?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ekdahl: We are working internally to find ways to give better direction to stakeholders and do better outreach. We’ve added information to our website that clarifies examples of in situ uses, and also clarifies that you can use groundwater recharge to mitigate subsidence, support groundwater-dependent ecosystems, protect or enhance groundwater levels. We directly say this on our website now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re going to look in the next couple of months to further clarify nonextractive beneficial uses, and how an applicant might go about applying for a permit. The messaging and communication on that is maybe still a little bit unclear on our end. We do want to work on providing more information to applicants. Maybe it’s more FAQs on our website; maybe it’s more outreach events. But we are working toward it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We think we can permit and accommodate almost any kind of reasonable application that comes to us. We do encourage people to give us a call in advance and talk through why they are trying to recharge groundwater. We’ll tell them about all the different kinds of beneficial uses we can permit, and would be interested in working with the applicant to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I don’t want to make it sound like it’s going to be like buying a ticket at the fair and getting your water right. It’s still going to be a complex process. You still need to complete the California Environmental Quality Act process, go through a public notification process – and you’re likely to get protests, because most water-right applications do. We want these environmental protections in place to make sure we’re preserving instream flows for the environment or to protect senior water-right holders downstream.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Aquifer recharge by itself isn’t enough to win a water diversion permit in California. A more specific benefit is required, and the board is working to ease the process.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927376,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":1409},"headData":{"title":"Why California Law Requires a 'Clear Benefit' for Groundwater Recharge | KQED","description":"Aquifer recharge by itself isn’t enough to win a water diversion permit in California. A more specific benefit is required, and the board is working to ease the process.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Water","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Matt Weiser\u003cbr />Water Deeply","path":"/science/1933122/why-california-law-requires-a-clear-benefit-for-groundwater-recharge","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Researchers at the University of California recently \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/10/04/is-groundwater-recharge-a-beneficial-use-california-law-says-no\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">highlighted\u003c/a> a flaw in state law that may prohibit diverting streamflow to recharge groundwater. The problem is that groundwater recharge by itself is not considered a “beneficial use” under state law, and meeting that definition is a requirement to obtain a permit to divert water.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials at the State Water Resources Control Board, which oversees water rights, say the reality is not so clear-cut. In fact, existing rules allow most groundwater recharge projects to obtain a water right. It’s just that they may not be awarded that right for the act of recharge by itself. The applicant would have to specifically target some ancillary benefit of recharge, such as salinity control in an aquifer or reversing land subsidence caused by overpumping groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.C.\u003c/span> researchers, among other things, recommended that the water board develop new regulations to clarify that those kinds of nonextractive uses of groundwater are, in fact, a beneficial use. But the water board has no plans to do so, asserting that existing rules are adequate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To explain all this further, Water Deeply recently spoke with Erik Ekdahl, a deputy director in the division of water rights at the state board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Why isn’t the water board changing the rules to make groundwater recharge a beneficial use?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erik Ekdahl: Two main reasons. The first is that it leads to trouble and potential “cold storage,” for lack of a better term, related to junior water-right holders and senior water-right holders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you start making groundwater recharge a beneficial use, what that does is it allows senior water-right holders to start placing vast amounts of water into aquifer storage that downstream junior water-right holders essentially no longer have access to. It really messes up the order of things, including how much people pay for water.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s say you have a very senior water-right holder and they have a license for maybe 1,000 acre-feet a year. Yet they’re only able to actually use 300 a year, because that’s how much they need for their crops. So they have a right to 700 additional acre-feet, but no place to use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upon making groundwater recharge a beneficial use, what you basically allow that senior water-right holder to do is put that extra 700 acre-feet into storage. They can lock that up and keep it underground, and they don’t have to do anything with it. Then all the downstream users don’t have access to it. So something a junior water-right holder might have been getting very cheaply, they suddenly might have to pay a couple hundred dollars an acre-foot or more to get. It reduces the amount of water that might be available, and it changes the cost structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: And what’s the second reason?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ekdahl: The second is that you don’t really need to. I think that’s the more important one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There seems to be the mistaken belief among a lot of water-right users that if you just made groundwater recharge a beneficial use then it would be really easy to get a groundwater storage permit. Yet that’s not really the case. It doesn’t address the things that really fundamentally drive the water-right permitting process – which are whether or not they have done an environmental review and whether or not there is actually water available, as well as the effects on downstream water users and the environment. We still have to address all of those things. So simply making groundwater recharge a beneficial use doesn’t avoid those issues that take a long time to address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other element of this is that when you really look at what people want to use groundwater storage for, we already include those as beneficial uses. Typically, it’s because they want to use it for their irrigation or municipal supply later on. That’s already a beneficial use. You don’t need to create a new type of beneficial use to account for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other issues include what we might call “in situ” beneficial uses, or nonextractive uses. This could include recharging groundwater as a seawater barrier, protection from land subsidence or protecting instream flows. Pollution control could be a beneficial use. Those are all beneficial uses, as well. In fact we have permitted those types of things in the past. The storage itself doesn’t fundamentally affect the aquifer. It’s what use comes out of it after that’s fundamentally important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: What about the goal of achieving sustainability in an aquifer, as required by the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act. Is that a beneficial use?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ekdahl: It could be. I would take a slightly more skeptical view of this idea that we need to recharge an aquifer just to meet that definition in the \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA.\u003c/span> Why are you trying to reach some water level in the aquifer? It’s almost certainly going to be for a number of reasons: That’s the level at which most of your private domestic or municipal wells are at [or] at which subsidence no longer occurs – or to repel salinity. There are all these other issues that would actually drive the need to raise the aquifer level to some point. And those would all be beneficial uses.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other idea that I think merits a little bit of skepticism is this: If we’re going to raise the level in an aquifer, how realistic is that for most of these \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA\u003c/span>basins? I think that’s a pretty unrealistic goal for many basins. I think what we’re going to see in most \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA\u003c/span> plans is some kind of slow ramp-down to a level that’s lower than what we see today. I think it’s going to be really tough to raise groundwater levels in many of these aquifers without massive, massive changes in pumping rates or water application, or through recharge efforts. The mass balances just don’t work out otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: So if the water board has no plans to change the regulations on beneficial use, what is it doing to encourage more groundwater recharge?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ekdahl: We are working internally to find ways to give better direction to stakeholders and do better outreach. We’ve added information to our website that clarifies examples of in situ uses, and also clarifies that you can use groundwater recharge to mitigate subsidence, support groundwater-dependent ecosystems, protect or enhance groundwater levels. We directly say this on our website now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re going to look in the next couple of months to further clarify nonextractive beneficial uses, and how an applicant might go about applying for a permit. The messaging and communication on that is maybe still a little bit unclear on our end. We do want to work on providing more information to applicants. Maybe it’s more FAQs on our website; maybe it’s more outreach events. But we are working toward it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We think we can permit and accommodate almost any kind of reasonable application that comes to us. We do encourage people to give us a call in advance and talk through why they are trying to recharge groundwater. We’ll tell them about all the different kinds of beneficial uses we can permit, and would be interested in working with the applicant to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I don’t want to make it sound like it’s going to be like buying a ticket at the fair and getting your water right. It’s still going to be a complex process. You still need to complete the California Environmental Quality Act process, go through a public notification process – and you’re likely to get protests, because most water-right applications do. We want these environmental protections in place to make sure we’re preserving instream flows for the environment or to protect senior water-right holders downstream.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1933122/why-california-law-requires-a-clear-benefit-for-groundwater-recharge","authors":["byline_science_1933122"],"categories":["science_35","science_40","science_2873","science_98"],"tags":["science_192","science_490","science_201"],"featImg":"science_1933124","label":"source_science_1933122"},"science_1932350":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1932350","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1932350","score":null,"sort":[1538766042000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-law-barring-groundwater-recharge-clashes-with-sustainability-goals","title":"California Law Barring Groundwater Recharge Clashes With Sustainability Goals","publishDate":1538766042,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Law Barring Groundwater Recharge Clashes With Sustainability Goals | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"start\">Groundwater depletion is \u003c/span>a big problem in parts of California. But it is not the only groundwater problem. The state also has many areas of polluted groundwater, and some places where groundwater overdraft has caused the land to subside, damaging roads, canals and other infrastructure. Near the coast, heavy groundwater pumping has caused contamination by pulling seawater underground from the ocean.[contextly_sidebar id=”VrgFvC2TjJoUazM0GcgGH0zlTfCLh7x1″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you wanted to obtain a permit from the state to manage these problems by recharging groundwater, you could be out of luck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groundwater recharge is not considered a “beneficial use” under California water law if all you want to do is manage pollution in an aquifer or control subsidence. To obtain a water right, you must have a plan to apply that water for an accepted beneficial purpose, such as growing crops or delivering drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This could become a problem as dozens of local agencies move to comply with the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://water.ca.gov/Programs/Groundwater-Management/SGMA-Groundwater-Management\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Sustainable Groundwater Management Act\u003c/a> (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA\u003c/span>), a state law adopted in 2014. The sustainability goals under this law include treating pollution, managing seawater intrusion and controlling land subsidence. And yet the state does not allow surface water – diverted from a river or stream – to be used for these groundwater recharge purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want a broader suite of things from our water than we used to,” said Holly Doremus, a professor of water law at \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.C.\u003c/span> Berkeley. “The new thing encouraged by \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA\u003c/span> is the idea that you might want to put water in the ground not for the purpose of taking water out later, but for the purpose of making the aquifer healthier. We think that would often qualify as a beneficial use.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doremus is coauthor of a \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/research/clee/research/wheeler/gw-recharge-beneficial-use/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new report\u003c/a> by a team of \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.C.\u003c/span> experts that examines this conundrum. They conclude that the State Water Resources Control Board needs to expand its definition of beneficial use to accommodate these other groundwater benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A key issue is the difference between groundwater “recharge” and “storage.” The latter implies that the water will be pumped out later and reused – to grow food or refine into drinking water. Therefore, the path to obtaining a state permit to divert service water into an aquifer is clear for storage purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recharge, however, is a different matter. It implies the water will be diverted and pumped into the aquifer – and then left there, possibly forever. There can certainly be a benefit to this, such as diluting nitrate pollution caused by decades of fertilizer use on farms above ground. It’s just not recognized in the law.[contextly_sidebar id=”NZN72DLCwN3CNWqGqEv1AqJEGe5ULSZH”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Clarifying that those \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA\u003c/span> purposes are ‘beneficial’ could be something we need to do,” said Jennifer Clary, California water programs manager at Clean Water Action, a nonprofit group. “Avoiding undesirable results on water quality is one of the requirements of \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA.\u003c/span> So I think saying yes on recharge water for this purpose is perfectly acceptable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clearing up confusion around the issue is important, because groundwater agencies overseeing severely overdrafted basins face a 2020 deadline to submit management plans. Many of those plans will need to identify recharge projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, uncertainty may discourage some organizations from seeking a water right for recharge projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_135888\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_135888\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 686px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-135888 size-full\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20181004051702/morris-in-alfalfa-field_hero.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"686\" height=\"510\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jim Morris, manager of Bryan-Morris Ranch in Siskiyou County, Calif., stands in an alfalfa field along the Scott River that was intentionally flooded to recharge groundwater. California law currently does not allow a surface water right to be used to recharge groundwater unless that water is put to a “beneficial use” within five years. Photo by Steve Orloff, University of California\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>“This is a gray area,” said Andrew Fisher, a professor of hydrogeology at \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.C.\u003c/span>Santa Cruz. “I have found that landowners, tenants, agency staff and others are reluctant to pursue recharge projects that require permits for surface water use, if that use requires making a case independent from extractive use.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is even an open question as to whether achieving “sustainability” in an aquifer – as required under \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA\u003c/span> – would be considered a beneficial use. Restoring groundwater to some sustainable elevation in an aquifer would require the use of surface water for recharge. Presumably, once the sustainable elevation is reached, that water would stay in the aquifer forever and would not be applied to grow crops or sent to a treatment plant. Thus, it might not satisfy today’s narrow definition of the beneficial use requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It can be complicated to figure out what exactly have you put in and what exactly can you get out,” Doremus said. “The water board kind of needs to work some of this out and be a little bit clearer.”[contextly_sidebar id=”1CQzVJGlEalx9jlMZGI3KS2vWYrWgWtq”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said a change in law is not required to create a broader definition of beneficial uses related to groundwater. The state water board can change the definition on its own at any time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board hasn’t done that yet. A page on \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/applications/groundwater_recharge/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">its website states\u003c/a> that preventing seawater intrusion may qualify as a beneficial use, but that’s as far as it goes. Application materials for non-storage water rights make no reference to groundwater uses that might be considered beneficial, and make no reference to \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clary said many local agencies grappling with \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA\u003c/span> are afraid to deal with a water rights application because of the complexity involved – if they’re thinking about it at all. Taking uncertainty out of the process with a broader definition of beneficial use would be a good place to start, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of folks haven’t figured out how complicated \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA\u003c/span> really is when it comes to water rights and allocations,” she said. “I think that’s really problematic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials at the state water board could not be reached for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislature considered a bill earlier this year that would have defined groundwater recharge as a beneficial use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billAnalysisClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2649\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"caps\">A.B.\u003c/span> 2649\u003c/a> by Assemblymember Joaquin Arambula (D-Fresno), also would have eliminated – for the purposes of groundwater recharge – a long-standing requirement that water rights be put to a beneficial use within a five-year period or be forfeited. This would have opened the door to more non-extractive groundwater recharge projects – such as subsidence reversal – in which the water might never be pumped out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill was approved in the Assembly, but stalled before a companion bill emerged in the Senate.[contextly_sidebar id=”jK2TKQQZURyXjGxpQhCEYJ9u8JarzW7l”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doremus said the bill might have gone too far by making a blanket statement that all groundwater recharge is beneficial. That isn’t always the case: Not all water pumped underground stays there, she said, nor does it necessarily go where you want it to go. It could meander to an adjoining aquifer where the benefits – diluting water pollution, for example – might disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A formal water-right application process should still be required, she said, in which the applicant must specify the beneficial use that is intended and provide evidence of real benefits to the aquifer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clary agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">“If you create a beneficial use for recharge in and of itself, then you’re competing with other things you might think are important, like drinking water or fish in the stream,” she said. “When you recharge groundwater, you need to recharge it for a reason.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/10/04/is-groundwater-recharge-a-beneficial-use-california-law-says-no\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater%2farticles%2f2016%2f07%2f07%2fnine-experts-to-watch-on-california-water-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"State law does not currently allow surface water to be used for groundwater recharge in some cases. That could be a problem as local agencies begin trying to make groundwater use more sustainable.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927420,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":1335},"headData":{"title":"California Law Barring Groundwater Recharge Clashes With Sustainability Goals | KQED","description":"State law does not currently allow surface water to be used for groundwater recharge in some cases. That could be a problem as local agencies begin trying to make groundwater use more sustainable.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Water","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Matt Weiser\u003cbr />Water Deeply","path":"/science/1932350/california-law-barring-groundwater-recharge-clashes-with-sustainability-goals","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"start\">Groundwater depletion is \u003c/span>a big problem in parts of California. But it is not the only groundwater problem. The state also has many areas of polluted groundwater, and some places where groundwater overdraft has caused the land to subside, damaging roads, canals and other infrastructure. Near the coast, heavy groundwater pumping has caused contamination by pulling seawater underground from the ocean.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you wanted to obtain a permit from the state to manage these problems by recharging groundwater, you could be out of luck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groundwater recharge is not considered a “beneficial use” under California water law if all you want to do is manage pollution in an aquifer or control subsidence. To obtain a water right, you must have a plan to apply that water for an accepted beneficial purpose, such as growing crops or delivering drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This could become a problem as dozens of local agencies move to comply with the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://water.ca.gov/Programs/Groundwater-Management/SGMA-Groundwater-Management\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Sustainable Groundwater Management Act\u003c/a> (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA\u003c/span>), a state law adopted in 2014. The sustainability goals under this law include treating pollution, managing seawater intrusion and controlling land subsidence. And yet the state does not allow surface water – diverted from a river or stream – to be used for these groundwater recharge purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want a broader suite of things from our water than we used to,” said Holly Doremus, a professor of water law at \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.C.\u003c/span> Berkeley. “The new thing encouraged by \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA\u003c/span> is the idea that you might want to put water in the ground not for the purpose of taking water out later, but for the purpose of making the aquifer healthier. We think that would often qualify as a beneficial use.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doremus is coauthor of a \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/research/clee/research/wheeler/gw-recharge-beneficial-use/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new report\u003c/a> by a team of \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.C.\u003c/span> experts that examines this conundrum. They conclude that the State Water Resources Control Board needs to expand its definition of beneficial use to accommodate these other groundwater benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A key issue is the difference between groundwater “recharge” and “storage.” The latter implies that the water will be pumped out later and reused – to grow food or refine into drinking water. Therefore, the path to obtaining a state permit to divert service water into an aquifer is clear for storage purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recharge, however, is a different matter. It implies the water will be diverted and pumped into the aquifer – and then left there, possibly forever. There can certainly be a benefit to this, such as diluting nitrate pollution caused by decades of fertilizer use on farms above ground. It’s just not recognized in the law.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Clarifying that those \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA\u003c/span> purposes are ‘beneficial’ could be something we need to do,” said Jennifer Clary, California water programs manager at Clean Water Action, a nonprofit group. “Avoiding undesirable results on water quality is one of the requirements of \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA.\u003c/span> So I think saying yes on recharge water for this purpose is perfectly acceptable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clearing up confusion around the issue is important, because groundwater agencies overseeing severely overdrafted basins face a 2020 deadline to submit management plans. Many of those plans will need to identify recharge projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, uncertainty may discourage some organizations from seeking a water right for recharge projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_135888\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_135888\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 686px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-135888 size-full\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20181004051702/morris-in-alfalfa-field_hero.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"686\" height=\"510\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jim Morris, manager of Bryan-Morris Ranch in Siskiyou County, Calif., stands in an alfalfa field along the Scott River that was intentionally flooded to recharge groundwater. California law currently does not allow a surface water right to be used to recharge groundwater unless that water is put to a “beneficial use” within five years. Photo by Steve Orloff, University of California\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>“This is a gray area,” said Andrew Fisher, a professor of hydrogeology at \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.C.\u003c/span>Santa Cruz. “I have found that landowners, tenants, agency staff and others are reluctant to pursue recharge projects that require permits for surface water use, if that use requires making a case independent from extractive use.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is even an open question as to whether achieving “sustainability” in an aquifer – as required under \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA\u003c/span> – would be considered a beneficial use. Restoring groundwater to some sustainable elevation in an aquifer would require the use of surface water for recharge. Presumably, once the sustainable elevation is reached, that water would stay in the aquifer forever and would not be applied to grow crops or sent to a treatment plant. Thus, it might not satisfy today’s narrow definition of the beneficial use requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It can be complicated to figure out what exactly have you put in and what exactly can you get out,” Doremus said. “The water board kind of needs to work some of this out and be a little bit clearer.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said a change in law is not required to create a broader definition of beneficial uses related to groundwater. The state water board can change the definition on its own at any time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board hasn’t done that yet. A page on \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/applications/groundwater_recharge/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">its website states\u003c/a> that preventing seawater intrusion may qualify as a beneficial use, but that’s as far as it goes. Application materials for non-storage water rights make no reference to groundwater uses that might be considered beneficial, and make no reference to \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clary said many local agencies grappling with \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA\u003c/span> are afraid to deal with a water rights application because of the complexity involved – if they’re thinking about it at all. Taking uncertainty out of the process with a broader definition of beneficial use would be a good place to start, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of folks haven’t figured out how complicated \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA\u003c/span> really is when it comes to water rights and allocations,” she said. “I think that’s really problematic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials at the state water board could not be reached for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislature considered a bill earlier this year that would have defined groundwater recharge as a beneficial use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billAnalysisClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2649\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"caps\">A.B.\u003c/span> 2649\u003c/a> by Assemblymember Joaquin Arambula (D-Fresno), also would have eliminated – for the purposes of groundwater recharge – a long-standing requirement that water rights be put to a beneficial use within a five-year period or be forfeited. This would have opened the door to more non-extractive groundwater recharge projects – such as subsidence reversal – in which the water might never be pumped out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill was approved in the Assembly, but stalled before a companion bill emerged in the Senate.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doremus said the bill might have gone too far by making a blanket statement that all groundwater recharge is beneficial. That isn’t always the case: Not all water pumped underground stays there, she said, nor does it necessarily go where you want it to go. It could meander to an adjoining aquifer where the benefits – diluting water pollution, for example – might disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A formal water-right application process should still be required, she said, in which the applicant must specify the beneficial use that is intended and provide evidence of real benefits to the aquifer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clary agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">“If you create a beneficial use for recharge in and of itself, then you’re competing with other things you might think are important, like drinking water or fish in the stream,” she said. “When you recharge groundwater, you need to recharge it for a reason.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/10/04/is-groundwater-recharge-a-beneficial-use-california-law-says-no\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater%2farticles%2f2016%2f07%2f07%2fnine-experts-to-watch-on-california-water-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1932350/california-law-barring-groundwater-recharge-clashes-with-sustainability-goals","authors":["byline_science_1932350"],"categories":["science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_490","science_778","science_201"],"featImg":"science_1932357","label":"source_science_1932350"},"science_1932078":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1932078","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1932078","score":null,"sort":[1538513440000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-8-9-billion-california-water-bond-that-has-environmentalists-divided","title":"The $8.9 Billion California Water Bond That Has Environmentalists Divided","publishDate":1538513440,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The $8.9 Billion California Water Bond That Has Environmentalists Divided | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>California voters in November will decide whether or not to approve a controversial $8.9 billion bond measure for water-related projects like groundwater storage, water treatment and restoring protected habitats.[contextly_sidebar id=”h6hOz7EfOHKmS8UuKCNODXWxxxF4xU7E”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure, \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_3,_Water_Infrastructure_and_Watershed_Conservation_Bond_Initiative_(2018)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 3\u003c/a>, has divided the environmental community and drawn criticism from local newspapers, who say it would benefit wealthy farmers and agribusiness. From a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/opinion/editorials/article/Chronicle-recommends-No-on-state-Prop-3-13211167.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle \u003c/a>editorial:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>This scheme was devised as an initiative that is being funded, in part, by individuals and entities that are going to be receiving a share of the bond money. The pay-to-play aspect in itself should give voters ample reason to reject Prop. 3.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The Sierra Club agrees. If approved, taxpayers will end up footing the bill for water projects the private sector would normally undertake on its own or through enforcement of existing law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the group says many of the projects to be funded are “worthwhile,” others are “generous giveaways to private entities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Exactly what projects … are included in the bond was negotiated in private,” the environmental group says in its \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraclub.org/sites/www.sierraclub.org/files/sce/sierra-club-california/PDFs/Prop3_FAQ.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 3 FAQ\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor will the measure, says the Sierra Club, be required to undergo the annual legislative budgeting cycle to ensure that the money is going where voters intended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Stork, senior policy analyst at \u003ca href=\"https://www.friendsoftheriver.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Friends of the River\u003c/a>, which also opposes the measure, acknowledged on KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101867493/election-2018-california-proposition-3-would-fund-water-infrastructure-projects-with-bonds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum program\u003c/a> Monday that some projects like ensuring safe drinking water for disadvantaged communities are worthy of funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he called “general taxpayer subsidies for wealthy farmers and agribusiness in the San Joaquin valley,” a “poison pill.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Stork and the Sierra Club singled out $750 million earmarked for the Friant Water Authority to fix the Friant-Kern Canal, which was damaged due to overpumping of groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The traditional method of paying for canals that deliver water to agricultural interests is through a beneficiary pays model, where those who profit from the water pay for the costs of building and maintaining the infrastructure,” the Sierra Club says. “This bond instead provides taxpayer money for these canals that large corporate agricultural interests will profit from.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental proponents of Proposition 3, however, insist that California’s crumbling water infrastructure demands urgent action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It provides more than $3 billion for state agencies and local conservancies to acquire and restore watersheds and wetlands, from the Sierras to the coast, throughout the Central Valley,” David Lewis, executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.savesfbay.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Save the Bay\u003c/a>, said on Forum. “And protecting the watersheds is one of the great ways to improve the security and safety of our water supply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He argued that bonds are sometimes passed to help local agencies cover costs.[contextly_sidebar id=”8BPNOSipKI7TEsIcCyvIUd6bDhl0VimM”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have often supported the use of state funds to build wastewater recycling plants, to undertake water conservation, for example,” said Lewis. “Leaving infrastructure to decay because a local agency can’t afford to fix it, that’s not a sustainable practice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with Save the Bay, the measure is supported by the National Wildlife Federation and Audubon California, while opponents of the bill also include the League of Women Voters.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A nearly $9 billion water bond, funded in part by private interests, has split the environmental community, with some groups blasting it as a 'generous giveaway\" to agribusiness. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927438,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":553},"headData":{"title":"The $8.9 Billion California Water Bond That Has Environmentalists Divided | KQED","description":"A nearly $9 billion water bond, funded in part by private interests, has split the environmental community, with some groups blasting it as a 'generous giveaway" to agribusiness. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Water","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/forum/2018/10/Forum20181001bc.mp3","sticky":false,"WpOldSlug":"the-8-9-million-california-water-bond-that-has-environmentalists-divided","audioTrackLength":1685,"path":"/science/1932078/the-8-9-billion-california-water-bond-that-has-environmentalists-divided","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California voters in November will decide whether or not to approve a controversial $8.9 billion bond measure for water-related projects like groundwater storage, water treatment and restoring protected habitats.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure, \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_3,_Water_Infrastructure_and_Watershed_Conservation_Bond_Initiative_(2018)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 3\u003c/a>, has divided the environmental community and drawn criticism from local newspapers, who say it would benefit wealthy farmers and agribusiness. From a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/opinion/editorials/article/Chronicle-recommends-No-on-state-Prop-3-13211167.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle \u003c/a>editorial:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>This scheme was devised as an initiative that is being funded, in part, by individuals and entities that are going to be receiving a share of the bond money. The pay-to-play aspect in itself should give voters ample reason to reject Prop. 3.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The Sierra Club agrees. If approved, taxpayers will end up footing the bill for water projects the private sector would normally undertake on its own or through enforcement of existing law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the group says many of the projects to be funded are “worthwhile,” others are “generous giveaways to private entities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Exactly what projects … are included in the bond was negotiated in private,” the environmental group says in its \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraclub.org/sites/www.sierraclub.org/files/sce/sierra-club-california/PDFs/Prop3_FAQ.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 3 FAQ\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor will the measure, says the Sierra Club, be required to undergo the annual legislative budgeting cycle to ensure that the money is going where voters intended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Stork, senior policy analyst at \u003ca href=\"https://www.friendsoftheriver.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Friends of the River\u003c/a>, which also opposes the measure, acknowledged on KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101867493/election-2018-california-proposition-3-would-fund-water-infrastructure-projects-with-bonds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum program\u003c/a> Monday that some projects like ensuring safe drinking water for disadvantaged communities are worthy of funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he called “general taxpayer subsidies for wealthy farmers and agribusiness in the San Joaquin valley,” a “poison pill.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Stork and the Sierra Club singled out $750 million earmarked for the Friant Water Authority to fix the Friant-Kern Canal, which was damaged due to overpumping of groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The traditional method of paying for canals that deliver water to agricultural interests is through a beneficiary pays model, where those who profit from the water pay for the costs of building and maintaining the infrastructure,” the Sierra Club says. “This bond instead provides taxpayer money for these canals that large corporate agricultural interests will profit from.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental proponents of Proposition 3, however, insist that California’s crumbling water infrastructure demands urgent action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It provides more than $3 billion for state agencies and local conservancies to acquire and restore watersheds and wetlands, from the Sierras to the coast, throughout the Central Valley,” David Lewis, executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.savesfbay.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Save the Bay\u003c/a>, said on Forum. “And protecting the watersheds is one of the great ways to improve the security and safety of our water supply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He argued that bonds are sometimes passed to help local agencies cover costs.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have often supported the use of state funds to build wastewater recycling plants, to undertake water conservation, for example,” said Lewis. “Leaving infrastructure to decay because a local agency can’t afford to fix it, that’s not a sustainable practice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with Save the Bay, the measure is supported by the National Wildlife Federation and Audubon California, while opponents of the bill also include the League of Women Voters.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1932078/the-8-9-billion-california-water-bond-that-has-environmentalists-divided","authors":["11428"],"categories":["science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_568","science_2006","science_3370","science_490","science_201"],"featImg":"science_1932093","label":"source_science_1932078"},"science_1928264":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1928264","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1928264","score":null,"sort":[1537383697000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californias-plan-for-underground-water-storage-will-increase-chromium-risk","title":"California’s Plan to Store Water Underground Could Risk Contamination","publishDate":1537383697,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California’s Plan to Store Water Underground Could Risk Contamination | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>As California begins handing out $2.5 billion in state funds for several new \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927929/bay-area-water-supply-gets-billion-dollar-boost\">water management projects\u003c/a>, a shift is taking place in the ways officials are considering storing water. To contend with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-018-0140-y\">likelihood of future extreme droughts\u003c/a>, some of these \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927711/the-great-era-of-california-dam-building-may-be-over-heres-whats-next\">new strategies\u003c/a> rely on underground aquifers — an approach far removed from traditional dam-based water storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While diversifying the toolbelt of water management strategies will likely help insulate the state against loss, a group of researchers at Stanford University are drawing attention to a risk they say has long ridden under the radar of public consciousness: the introduction of dangerous chemicals into California groundwater, both through industrial and natural pathways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Chromium in California\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chromium exists naturally in two main forms that are dependent on the local chemistry of the soils. One — chromium-3 \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/chromium-compounds.pdf\">(Cr-3)\u003c/a> — is benign, and in fact can be beneficial in the body. But chromium-6 (Cr-6) is toxic, linked by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration with\u003ca href=\"https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/hexavalentchromium/healtheffects.html\"> health issues \u003c/a>including asthma-like symptoms, irritation of the nose, throat, eyes or skin, and in extreme cases lung cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.7b06627\">New research\u003c/a> draws from a growing database of groundwater data to map the elemental metal chromium in wells across the state. Researchers included wells used by government agencies to monitor pollution and the progress of cleaning projects, in addition to wells used for drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it occurs naturally, it can also enter the ground through human activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People know we have industrial contamination,” says \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/scott-fendorf\">Scott Fendorf\u003c/a> a Stanford soil chemist and co-author on the study. “That is clear within the data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fendorf points to the work of activists who are fighting against industrial pollution, as Erin Brockovich did in her 1993 \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/science-jan-june13-hinkley_03-13\">court case\u003c/a> against Pacific Gas & Electric.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s just not the only threat to groundwater. If you’re thinking larger, the natural contaminants are really widespread.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is particularly true in California, Fendorf says, where the geology is rich in chromium-carrying rocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927929/bay-area-water-supply-gets-billion-dollar-boost\">Also from KQED: These Bay Area Water Projects Got $1 Billion in Funding\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where is it All Coming From?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fendorf and his collaborators found that all of the almost 16,000 wells they analyzed — spread throughout the majority of the state — showed Cr-6 present in low trace amounts. However, a smaller subset of wells, including 26 percent of monitoring wells and 7 percent of supply wells, had levels high enough to exceed a previous state-mandated maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 parts per billion (ppb).\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to mapping chromium exposure throughout California, researchers wanted to identify the sources. By looking at other compounds found alongside Cr-6, they were able to identify three possible points of contamination: industry, agriculture, and natural input.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Industries such as metal plating were linked to high Cr-6 levels in the areas outside of Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay. Los Angeles is the largest manufacturing center in the United States, and San Francisco’s proximity to Silicon Valley drives much of its industrial growth. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the more rural Central Valley, researchers found that chromium was being introduced into the groundwater through agricultural practices. The heavy use of fertilizers meant that chromium was often found alongside nitrogen-based compounds which provide nutrients for crops.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But parts of the Central Valley also pointed to a different source, one that researchers highlighted in their study: the presence of natural chromium in the land itself and its ability to shift from benign to toxic over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Within the rocks, chromium is found in areas where oceanic and continental plates come together, as in California where the Pacific plate and North American Plate meet along the San Andreas Fault. Serpentinite is a common rock found in these zones, to which chromium lends a distinctive green color.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1930018\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1930018 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite.jpg 1632w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chromium is responsible for the vivid green color of serpentinite rocks, which are common in California due to its geology. The oceanic Pacific plate and continental North American Plate meet along the San Andreas Fault, which runs the length of the state. \u003ccite>(Ian Newman)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Natural sources explained the chromium concentrations in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys, which are close to natural outcroppings of serpentinite. It also explained how more isolated areas such as the Mojave could have elevated chromium levels despite being far from sources of industrial pollution.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to Fendorf, humans have the capability to aggravate these natural processes through their activities. The intentional use of chemicals to clean up toxic industrial contamination in the soil (called \u003ca href=\"https://clu-in.org/download/Citizens/a_citizens_guide_to_in_situ_chemical_oxidation.pdf\">in-situ chemical oxidation\u003c/a>), for example, can have the unintended consequence of turning the relatively harmless form (Cr-3) into the more dangerous from (Cr-6).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another culprit, he says, is the overdrawing of water from the underlying aquifer, often for agricultural use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water table is made of many stacked layers, alternating between sections of loose, wet gravel and sand and tightly-packed layers of fine clay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The clay acts as a sponge with all this naturally chromium-rich dirty water in it,” says Fendorf, “And when you start overdrawing, you put pressure on the clays and start pushing dirty water into the main water that you’re pumping out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Much is Too Much?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ultimately, Fendorf’s work shows that industry and agriculture are responsible for the most concentrated sources of chromium contamination. However, the effects of natural chromium impact a much larger area of California and a greater proportion of the drinking water supply.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite the fact that chromium is present throughout California, federal and state agencies are still scrambling to decide on an acceptable minimum level.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Our agency was formed for that purpose, to protect the groundwater basin that is so important. It has always been our top priority.’\u003ccite>Steve Bigley, Coachella Valley Water District\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>While the EPA is tasked with setting federal MCLs, the maximum permissible level of a contaminant in drinking water, California has historically set many of its own thresholds with respect to environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July 2014, California set the state MCL for Cr-6 in drinking water at 10 ppb due to the perceived risks of exposure. However, in September 2017 this threshold was suspended by a \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/Chromium6.html\">court ruling\u003c/a> for failing to consider the cost to agencies and industries attempting to comply with the ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/dwstandardsregulations/chromium-drinking-water\">federal\u003c/a> MCL (100 ppb) and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/Chromium6.html\">state\u003c/a> MCL (50 ppb) are at odds, with both entities working to establish new guidelines based on updated regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pilot Project Hints at Cleaner Future\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fortunately, there are promising methods for treating toxic chromium contamination on the horizon.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/steve-bigley-21268820/\">Steve Bigley\u003c/a> is the Director for the Environmental Services department at the Coachella Valley Water District, a \u003ca href=\"http://ca-coachellavwd.civicplus.com/DocumentCenter/View/57/District-Boundary-Map-PDF?bidId=\">district\u003c/a> whose boundaries are split down the middle by the San Andreas Fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With so much naturally-occurring chromium ground up into the sands along the fault, management officials here have had to grapple with the Cr-6 issue for decades. As many as a third of their drinking water supply wells, all of which are pulling from local groundwater sources, were found to exceed the 10 ppb limit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the state rescinded its MCL in 2014, Bigley and his team had already begun a project to install costly treatment facilities to remove Cr-6 and remain compliant with the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”qIU4OS2tKFSePD3YiQXBCQLOws3w3Xq5″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the regulations currently under review, Bigley says they were able to table such expensive projects and experiment with promising new technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water district recently completed a full-scale \u003ca href=\"http://www.cvwd.org/383/Stannous-Chloride-Demonstration-Project\">pilot project\u003c/a> to reduce Cr-6 to the relatively harmless Cr-3 using stannous chloride, an approved drinking water and food additive. They were able to quickly deploy inexpensive, easy-to-operate equipment capable of treating an entire water system over the course of two months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The benefits go so far beyond cost,” Bigley says. “It is much more environmentally friendly because it has a much smaller footprint and doesn’t produce the toxic wastes that come with conventional treatment technologies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Eyes a New MCL\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the broader state level, water management agencies are taking notice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darrin Polhemus is the Deputy Director of the California State Water Resources Control Board’s Division of Water Quality, and he has made Cr-6 assessments priority number one for his department in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the removal of the previous regulations, they are now working with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/Chromium6.html\">Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment\u003c/a> to establish a new MCL which balances a suggested \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/water/chemicals/phg/cr6phg072911.pdf\">Public Health Goal\u003c/a> of 50 ppb against the economic cost inherent in treating affected drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not just trying to plug the hole that a judge found in our previous regulations,” he said. “We want to do a thorough job from scratch to incorporate new technology and research.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He points to stannous chloride as one of several advances that have lowered the cost of treatment since the last round of research a \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/water/chemicals/phg/cr6phg072911.pdf\">decade ago\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State Water Resources Control Board expects to have a draft of their recommendation ready for public comment in the summer of 2019 and a final MCL established six to nine months later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California's unique geology may be putting state residents at risk from a natural but occasionally toxic element.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927477,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":46,"wordCount":1568},"headData":{"title":"California’s Plan to Store Water Underground Could Risk Contamination | KQED","description":"California's unique geology may be putting state residents at risk from a natural but occasionally toxic element.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/1928264/californias-plan-for-underground-water-storage-will-increase-chromium-risk","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As California begins handing out $2.5 billion in state funds for several new \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927929/bay-area-water-supply-gets-billion-dollar-boost\">water management projects\u003c/a>, a shift is taking place in the ways officials are considering storing water. To contend with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-018-0140-y\">likelihood of future extreme droughts\u003c/a>, some of these \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927711/the-great-era-of-california-dam-building-may-be-over-heres-whats-next\">new strategies\u003c/a> rely on underground aquifers — an approach far removed from traditional dam-based water storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While diversifying the toolbelt of water management strategies will likely help insulate the state against loss, a group of researchers at Stanford University are drawing attention to a risk they say has long ridden under the radar of public consciousness: the introduction of dangerous chemicals into California groundwater, both through industrial and natural pathways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Chromium in California\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chromium exists naturally in two main forms that are dependent on the local chemistry of the soils. One — chromium-3 \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/chromium-compounds.pdf\">(Cr-3)\u003c/a> — is benign, and in fact can be beneficial in the body. But chromium-6 (Cr-6) is toxic, linked by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration with\u003ca href=\"https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/hexavalentchromium/healtheffects.html\"> health issues \u003c/a>including asthma-like symptoms, irritation of the nose, throat, eyes or skin, and in extreme cases lung cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.7b06627\">New research\u003c/a> draws from a growing database of groundwater data to map the elemental metal chromium in wells across the state. Researchers included wells used by government agencies to monitor pollution and the progress of cleaning projects, in addition to wells used for drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it occurs naturally, it can also enter the ground through human activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People know we have industrial contamination,” says \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/scott-fendorf\">Scott Fendorf\u003c/a> a Stanford soil chemist and co-author on the study. “That is clear within the data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fendorf points to the work of activists who are fighting against industrial pollution, as Erin Brockovich did in her 1993 \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/science-jan-june13-hinkley_03-13\">court case\u003c/a> against Pacific Gas & Electric.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s just not the only threat to groundwater. If you’re thinking larger, the natural contaminants are really widespread.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is particularly true in California, Fendorf says, where the geology is rich in chromium-carrying rocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927929/bay-area-water-supply-gets-billion-dollar-boost\">Also from KQED: These Bay Area Water Projects Got $1 Billion in Funding\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where is it All Coming From?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fendorf and his collaborators found that all of the almost 16,000 wells they analyzed — spread throughout the majority of the state — showed Cr-6 present in low trace amounts. However, a smaller subset of wells, including 26 percent of monitoring wells and 7 percent of supply wells, had levels high enough to exceed a previous state-mandated maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 parts per billion (ppb).\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to mapping chromium exposure throughout California, researchers wanted to identify the sources. By looking at other compounds found alongside Cr-6, they were able to identify three possible points of contamination: industry, agriculture, and natural input.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Industries such as metal plating were linked to high Cr-6 levels in the areas outside of Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay. Los Angeles is the largest manufacturing center in the United States, and San Francisco’s proximity to Silicon Valley drives much of its industrial growth. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the more rural Central Valley, researchers found that chromium was being introduced into the groundwater through agricultural practices. The heavy use of fertilizers meant that chromium was often found alongside nitrogen-based compounds which provide nutrients for crops.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But parts of the Central Valley also pointed to a different source, one that researchers highlighted in their study: the presence of natural chromium in the land itself and its ability to shift from benign to toxic over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Within the rocks, chromium is found in areas where oceanic and continental plates come together, as in California where the Pacific plate and North American Plate meet along the San Andreas Fault. Serpentinite is a common rock found in these zones, to which chromium lends a distinctive green color.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1930018\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1930018 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite.jpg 1632w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chromium is responsible for the vivid green color of serpentinite rocks, which are common in California due to its geology. The oceanic Pacific plate and continental North American Plate meet along the San Andreas Fault, which runs the length of the state. \u003ccite>(Ian Newman)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Natural sources explained the chromium concentrations in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys, which are close to natural outcroppings of serpentinite. It also explained how more isolated areas such as the Mojave could have elevated chromium levels despite being far from sources of industrial pollution.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to Fendorf, humans have the capability to aggravate these natural processes through their activities. The intentional use of chemicals to clean up toxic industrial contamination in the soil (called \u003ca href=\"https://clu-in.org/download/Citizens/a_citizens_guide_to_in_situ_chemical_oxidation.pdf\">in-situ chemical oxidation\u003c/a>), for example, can have the unintended consequence of turning the relatively harmless form (Cr-3) into the more dangerous from (Cr-6).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another culprit, he says, is the overdrawing of water from the underlying aquifer, often for agricultural use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water table is made of many stacked layers, alternating between sections of loose, wet gravel and sand and tightly-packed layers of fine clay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The clay acts as a sponge with all this naturally chromium-rich dirty water in it,” says Fendorf, “And when you start overdrawing, you put pressure on the clays and start pushing dirty water into the main water that you’re pumping out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Much is Too Much?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ultimately, Fendorf’s work shows that industry and agriculture are responsible for the most concentrated sources of chromium contamination. However, the effects of natural chromium impact a much larger area of California and a greater proportion of the drinking water supply.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite the fact that chromium is present throughout California, federal and state agencies are still scrambling to decide on an acceptable minimum level.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Our agency was formed for that purpose, to protect the groundwater basin that is so important. It has always been our top priority.’\u003ccite>Steve Bigley, Coachella Valley Water District\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>While the EPA is tasked with setting federal MCLs, the maximum permissible level of a contaminant in drinking water, California has historically set many of its own thresholds with respect to environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July 2014, California set the state MCL for Cr-6 in drinking water at 10 ppb due to the perceived risks of exposure. However, in September 2017 this threshold was suspended by a \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/Chromium6.html\">court ruling\u003c/a> for failing to consider the cost to agencies and industries attempting to comply with the ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/dwstandardsregulations/chromium-drinking-water\">federal\u003c/a> MCL (100 ppb) and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/Chromium6.html\">state\u003c/a> MCL (50 ppb) are at odds, with both entities working to establish new guidelines based on updated regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pilot Project Hints at Cleaner Future\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fortunately, there are promising methods for treating toxic chromium contamination on the horizon.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/steve-bigley-21268820/\">Steve Bigley\u003c/a> is the Director for the Environmental Services department at the Coachella Valley Water District, a \u003ca href=\"http://ca-coachellavwd.civicplus.com/DocumentCenter/View/57/District-Boundary-Map-PDF?bidId=\">district\u003c/a> whose boundaries are split down the middle by the San Andreas Fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With so much naturally-occurring chromium ground up into the sands along the fault, management officials here have had to grapple with the Cr-6 issue for decades. As many as a third of their drinking water supply wells, all of which are pulling from local groundwater sources, were found to exceed the 10 ppb limit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the state rescinded its MCL in 2014, Bigley and his team had already begun a project to install costly treatment facilities to remove Cr-6 and remain compliant with the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the regulations currently under review, Bigley says they were able to table such expensive projects and experiment with promising new technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water district recently completed a full-scale \u003ca href=\"http://www.cvwd.org/383/Stannous-Chloride-Demonstration-Project\">pilot project\u003c/a> to reduce Cr-6 to the relatively harmless Cr-3 using stannous chloride, an approved drinking water and food additive. They were able to quickly deploy inexpensive, easy-to-operate equipment capable of treating an entire water system over the course of two months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The benefits go so far beyond cost,” Bigley says. “It is much more environmentally friendly because it has a much smaller footprint and doesn’t produce the toxic wastes that come with conventional treatment technologies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Eyes a New MCL\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the broader state level, water management agencies are taking notice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darrin Polhemus is the Deputy Director of the California State Water Resources Control Board’s Division of Water Quality, and he has made Cr-6 assessments priority number one for his department in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the removal of the previous regulations, they are now working with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/Chromium6.html\">Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment\u003c/a> to establish a new MCL which balances a suggested \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/water/chemicals/phg/cr6phg072911.pdf\">Public Health Goal\u003c/a> of 50 ppb against the economic cost inherent in treating affected drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not just trying to plug the hole that a judge found in our previous regulations,” he said. “We want to do a thorough job from scratch to incorporate new technology and research.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He points to stannous chloride as one of several advances that have lowered the cost of treatment since the last round of research a \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/water/chemicals/phg/cr6phg072911.pdf\">decade ago\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State Water Resources Control Board expects to have a draft of their recommendation ready for public comment in the summer of 2019 and a final MCL established six to nine months later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1928264/californias-plan-for-underground-water-storage-will-increase-chromium-risk","authors":["11520"],"categories":["science_29","science_35","science_38","science_39","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_3180","science_3370","science_490","science_201"],"featImg":"science_1930258","label":"science"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. 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