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She covers wildfires, space and oceans (though she is prone to sea sickness).\r\n\r\nBefore joining KQED in 2015, Danielle was a staff reporter at KRCB in Sonoma County and a freelancer. She studied science communication at UC Santa Cruz and formerly worked at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland where she wrote about computing. She lives in Sonoma County and enjoys backpacking.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ebaf11ee6cfb7bb40329a143d463829e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"DanielleVenton","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Danielle Venton | KQED","description":"Science reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ebaf11ee6cfb7bb40329a143d463829e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ebaf11ee6cfb7bb40329a143d463829e?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/dventon"},"kevinstark":{"type":"authors","id":"11608","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11608","found":true},"name":"Kevin Stark","firstName":"Kevin","lastName":"Stark","slug":"kevinstark","email":"kstark@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["science"],"title":"Senior Editor","bio":"Kevin is a senior editor for KQED Science, managing the station's health and climate desks. His journalism career began in the Pacific Northwest, and he later became a lead reporter for the San Francisco Public Press. His work has appeared in Pacific Standard magazine, the Energy News Network, the Center for Investigative Reporting's Reveal and WBEZ in Chicago. Kevin joined KQED in 2019, and has covered issues related to energy, wildfire, climate change and the environment.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f646bf546a63d638e04ff23b52b0e79?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"starkkev","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["administrator"]}],"headData":{"title":"Kevin Stark | KQED","description":"Senior Editor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f646bf546a63d638e04ff23b52b0e79?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f646bf546a63d638e04ff23b52b0e79?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/kevinstark"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"science_1991828":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1991828","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1991828","score":null,"sort":[1710362252000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"bay-area-researchers-find-oil-and-gas-companies-methane-output-surpasses-epa-reports","title":"Bay Area Researchers Find Oil and Gas Companies’ Methane Output Surpasses EPA Reports","publishDate":1710362252,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Researchers Find Oil and Gas Companies’ Methane Output Surpasses EPA Reports | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The oil and gas industry may be emitting about three times the amount of climate-warming methane as government estimates show, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07117-5\">new study in Nature\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is the main component of natural gas, and it is also produced when extracting crude oil. Methane is among the greenhouse gasses heating the planet, \u003ca href=\"https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/video/whats-deal-methane#:~:text=Due%20to%20its%20structure%2C%20methane,years%20after%20it%20is%20released.\">and it is 80 times more potent than carbon dioxide.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s researchers used airplanes to gather 986,238 measurements of methane emissions from six domestic oil and gas production areas. The data include about half the country’s onshore oil production and 29% of natural gas production. Then, researchers combined that aerial data with information from sites on the ground, including wells, compressor stations, gas processing plants and pipelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers, from Stanford University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and other organizations, estimate that an average of 2.95% of gas the industry produces leaks into the air as methane. The authors said that’s nearly three times EPA estimates of 1.01%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specific measurements varied from a low of less than 1%, or about what the Environmental Protection Agency estimates, at a site in Pennsylvania to a high of nearly 10% in New Mexico. Researchers found the higher percentages of methane released generally had something in common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are places where production is mostly focusing on oil,” said Evan Sherwin, a research scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory who conducted the research as a postdoctoral researcher at Stanford University. But oil and gas often come out of the ground together, and if there wasn’t a way to transport the less-valuable gas to where it could be sold, leaks were higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Pennsylvania, by contrast, drillers are focused on producing natural gas, and very little of the methane is wasted there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That complicates an argument many in the industry have made, generally in opposition to tighter government regulations on methane.\u003ca href=\"https://www.ipaa.org/methane/\"> They say drillers have an incentive to capture gas leaks\u003c/a> so they can sell the fossil fuel. But that’s not always possible if the industry hasn’t built the pipelines and other infrastructure to get the gas to consumers. In this study, researchers estimate the industry releases about 6.2 million tons of methane a year, valued at $1.08 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings echo \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2215275120\">other studies\u003c/a> that also conclude the EPA’s estimates are too low. Getting accurate measurements is important because the U.S. is among the countries pledging to cut methane pollution as one of its key climate goals. To achieve that, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/12/02/1216401828/epa-aims-to-slash-the-oil-industrys-climate-warming-methane-pollution\">EPA issued rules\u003c/a> for slashing the industry’s methane emissions in December. Those rules \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/us/texas-challenges-us-epa-limits-oil-gas-industry-methane-emissions-2024-03-09/\">now face a legal challenge\u003c/a> from Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane from human activities is responsible for \u003ca href=\"https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/methane-emissions-are-driving-climate-change-heres-how-reduce-them\">about a third of the rise in global temperatures\u003c/a> since the start of the Industrial Revolution. The oil industry is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases#methane\">second-largest source of human-caused methane\u003c/a> after agriculture. While \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases#methane\">U.S. methane emissions have generally declined in recent decades\u003c/a>, the world is not on track to meet its goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius (about 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While governments and the industry have routinely undercounted methane emissions, that may be changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the COP28 climate summit in Dubai last year, more countries joined the \u003ca href=\"https://www.globalmethanepledge.org/news/highlights-2023-global-methane-pledge-ministerial\">U.S. and European Union-led Global Methane Pledge\u003c/a> to cut emissions by at least 30% from 2020 levels by 2030. More than 155 countries have signed the pledge, representing nearly half the world’s human-caused methane emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the ability to measure methane pollution is improving rapidly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s night and day, even compared to five or six years ago,” Sherwin said. In the past, collecting data was done mostly on the ground and was labor intensive. But now, he said, airplanes and satellites are able to gather much more information in a shorter amount of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/03/05/1235694992/a-new-satellite-will-track-climate-warming-pollution-heres-why-thats-a-big-deal\">Earlier this month,\u003c/a> the Environmental Defense Fund led the launch of \u003ca href=\"https://www.methanesat.org/\">MethaneSAT\u003c/a>, which will circle the Earth 15 times a day, looking for methane from the oil and gas industry. It joins other projects, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasa-mission-excels-at-spotting-greenhouse-gas-emission-sources\">one from NASA\u003c/a>, that give researchers and the public a better understanding of the extent of the methane pollution problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Emissions of methane from fossil fuel operations remain unacceptably high,” said Tim Gould, chief economist at the International Energy Agency, during a Tuesday call with reporters. The organization’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-methane-tracker-2024\">Global Methane Tracker\u003c/a> shows methane from the energy sector was near the record high level in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite that, the IEA concludes that if countries fully implement existing pledges on methane reductions, that would make significant progress toward achieving global climate goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“2024 could mark a turning point, and policies are starting to be put into place. Greater transparency is coming. Awareness is spreading, and we have enhanced ability to track large leaks and act quickly to shut them down,” Gould said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gould said he hopes to have good news to share, about a \u003cem>reduction \u003c/em>in methane emissions, next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Oil+and+gas+companies+emit+more+climate-warming+methane+than+EPA+reports&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Oil and gas drillers are releasing more climate-warming methane than the government estimates, a new study shows. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1710362252,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":861},"headData":{"title":"Bay Area Researchers Find Oil and Gas Companies’ Methane Output Surpasses EPA Reports | KQED","description":"Oil and gas drillers are releasing more climate-warming methane than the government estimates, a new study shows. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Bay Area Researchers Find Oil and Gas Companies’ Methane Output Surpasses EPA Reports","datePublished":"2024-03-13T20:37:32.000Z","dateModified":"2024-03-13T20:37:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"NPR","sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"David Goldman","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/4127076/jeff-brady\">Jeff Brady\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"AP","nprStoryId":"1237962030","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1237962030&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2024/03/13/1237962030/climate-emissions-methane?ft=nprml&f=1237962030","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 13 Mar 2024 13:09:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 13 Mar 2024 12:02:28 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 13 Mar 2024 13:09:17 -0400","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1991828/bay-area-researchers-find-oil-and-gas-companies-methane-output-surpasses-epa-reports","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The oil and gas industry may be emitting about three times the amount of climate-warming methane as government estimates show, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07117-5\">new study in Nature\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is the main component of natural gas, and it is also produced when extracting crude oil. Methane is among the greenhouse gasses heating the planet, \u003ca href=\"https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/video/whats-deal-methane#:~:text=Due%20to%20its%20structure%2C%20methane,years%20after%20it%20is%20released.\">and it is 80 times more potent than carbon dioxide.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s researchers used airplanes to gather 986,238 measurements of methane emissions from six domestic oil and gas production areas. The data include about half the country’s onshore oil production and 29% of natural gas production. Then, researchers combined that aerial data with information from sites on the ground, including wells, compressor stations, gas processing plants and pipelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers, from Stanford University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and other organizations, estimate that an average of 2.95% of gas the industry produces leaks into the air as methane. The authors said that’s nearly three times EPA estimates of 1.01%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specific measurements varied from a low of less than 1%, or about what the Environmental Protection Agency estimates, at a site in Pennsylvania to a high of nearly 10% in New Mexico. Researchers found the higher percentages of methane released generally had something in common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are places where production is mostly focusing on oil,” said Evan Sherwin, a research scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory who conducted the research as a postdoctoral researcher at Stanford University. But oil and gas often come out of the ground together, and if there wasn’t a way to transport the less-valuable gas to where it could be sold, leaks were higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Pennsylvania, by contrast, drillers are focused on producing natural gas, and very little of the methane is wasted there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That complicates an argument many in the industry have made, generally in opposition to tighter government regulations on methane.\u003ca href=\"https://www.ipaa.org/methane/\"> They say drillers have an incentive to capture gas leaks\u003c/a> so they can sell the fossil fuel. But that’s not always possible if the industry hasn’t built the pipelines and other infrastructure to get the gas to consumers. In this study, researchers estimate the industry releases about 6.2 million tons of methane a year, valued at $1.08 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings echo \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2215275120\">other studies\u003c/a> that also conclude the EPA’s estimates are too low. Getting accurate measurements is important because the U.S. is among the countries pledging to cut methane pollution as one of its key climate goals. To achieve that, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/12/02/1216401828/epa-aims-to-slash-the-oil-industrys-climate-warming-methane-pollution\">EPA issued rules\u003c/a> for slashing the industry’s methane emissions in December. Those rules \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/us/texas-challenges-us-epa-limits-oil-gas-industry-methane-emissions-2024-03-09/\">now face a legal challenge\u003c/a> from Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane from human activities is responsible for \u003ca href=\"https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/methane-emissions-are-driving-climate-change-heres-how-reduce-them\">about a third of the rise in global temperatures\u003c/a> since the start of the Industrial Revolution. The oil industry is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases#methane\">second-largest source of human-caused methane\u003c/a> after agriculture. While \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases#methane\">U.S. methane emissions have generally declined in recent decades\u003c/a>, the world is not on track to meet its goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius (about 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While governments and the industry have routinely undercounted methane emissions, that may be changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the COP28 climate summit in Dubai last year, more countries joined the \u003ca href=\"https://www.globalmethanepledge.org/news/highlights-2023-global-methane-pledge-ministerial\">U.S. and European Union-led Global Methane Pledge\u003c/a> to cut emissions by at least 30% from 2020 levels by 2030. More than 155 countries have signed the pledge, representing nearly half the world’s human-caused methane emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the ability to measure methane pollution is improving rapidly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s night and day, even compared to five or six years ago,” Sherwin said. In the past, collecting data was done mostly on the ground and was labor intensive. But now, he said, airplanes and satellites are able to gather much more information in a shorter amount of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/03/05/1235694992/a-new-satellite-will-track-climate-warming-pollution-heres-why-thats-a-big-deal\">Earlier this month,\u003c/a> the Environmental Defense Fund led the launch of \u003ca href=\"https://www.methanesat.org/\">MethaneSAT\u003c/a>, which will circle the Earth 15 times a day, looking for methane from the oil and gas industry. It joins other projects, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasa-mission-excels-at-spotting-greenhouse-gas-emission-sources\">one from NASA\u003c/a>, that give researchers and the public a better understanding of the extent of the methane pollution problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Emissions of methane from fossil fuel operations remain unacceptably high,” said Tim Gould, chief economist at the International Energy Agency, during a Tuesday call with reporters. The organization’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-methane-tracker-2024\">Global Methane Tracker\u003c/a> shows methane from the energy sector was near the record high level in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite that, the IEA concludes that if countries fully implement existing pledges on methane reductions, that would make significant progress toward achieving global climate goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“2024 could mark a turning point, and policies are starting to be put into place. Greater transparency is coming. Awareness is spreading, and we have enhanced ability to track large leaks and act quickly to shut them down,” Gould said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gould said he hopes to have good news to share, about a \u003cem>reduction \u003c/em>in methane emissions, next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Oil+and+gas+companies+emit+more+climate-warming+methane+than+EPA+reports&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1991828/bay-area-researchers-find-oil-and-gas-companies-methane-output-surpasses-epa-reports","authors":["byline_science_1991828"],"categories":["science_31","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_194","science_2080","science_784"],"featImg":"science_1991829","label":"source_science_1991828"},"science_1985830":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1985830","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1985830","score":null,"sort":[1702567849000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"18-california-children-are-suing-the-epa-over-climate-change","title":"18 California Children Are Suing the EPA Over Climate Change","publishDate":1702567849,"format":"standard","headTitle":"18 California Children Are Suing the EPA Over Climate Change | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Eighteen California children are suing the Environmental Protection Agency, claiming it violated their constitutional rights by failing to protect them from the effects of climate change. The suit is the latest in a series of climate-related cases filed on behalf of children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the federal lawsuit — \u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/655a2d016eb74e41dc292ed5/t/6576829a565cc6227e10b682/1702265500795/Doc+1+Complaint+2023.12.10.pdf\">Genesis B. v. United States Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> — the lead plaintiff, “Genesis B.” is a 17-year-old Long Beach, California resident whose parents can’t afford air conditioning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the number of extreme heat days increases, the lawsuit said Genesis isn’t able to stay cool in her home during the day. “On many days, Genesis must wait until the evening to do schoolwork when temperatures cool down enough for her to be able to focus,” according to the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other plaintiffs range in age from eight to 17 and are identified by their first names and last initials because they are minors. For each plaintiff, the lawsuit mentions ways that climate change is affecting their lives now, such as wildfires and flooding that have damaged landscapes near them and forced them to evacuate their homes or cancel activities.[aside label=\"more on climate change\" tag=\"climate-change\"]“Time is slipping away, and the impact of the climate crisis is already hitting us directly. We are running from wildfires, being displaced by floods, panicking in hot classrooms during another heat wave,” 15-year-old plaintiff Noah said in a \u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/655a2d016eb74e41dc292ed5/t/657700495cff6c371800d3a1/1702297673995/2023.12.11+EPA+Case+Filed+press+release.pdf\">statement\u003c/a> provided by the nonprofit, public interest law firm Our Children’s Trust, which filed the suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit comes on the heels of a legal victory in another suit that Our Children’s Trust filed on behalf of children. This summer, a state judge in Montana handed Our Children’s Trust a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/23/1194710955/montana-youth-climate-ruling-could-set-precedent-for-future-climate-litigation\">historic win\u003c/a>. The judge found the state violated 16 young plaintiffs’ “right to a clean and healthful environment.” That case is being appealed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California federal case claims the EPA violated the children’s constitutional rights by allowing carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels to warm the climate. It notes the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2009/12/epa_to_label_greenhouse_gases.html\">agency’s 2009 finding\u003c/a> that carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, is a public health threat, and children are the most vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is one federal agency explicitly tasked with keeping the air clean and controlling pollution to protect the health of every child and the welfare of a nation—the EPA,” said Julia Olson, chief legal counsel for Our Children’s Trust, in the statement. “The agency has done the opposite when it comes to climate pollution, and it’s time the EPA is held accountable by our courts for violating the U.S. Constitution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An EPA spokesperson said because of the pending litigation, the agency could not comment on the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit does not specifically seek financial compensation, other than plaintiff costs and attorneys’ fees. Instead, it asks for various declarations about the environmental rights of children and the EPA’s responsibility to protect them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our Children’s Trust filed a different federal lawsuit in 2015 — \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/17/797416530/kids-climate-case-reluctantly-dismissed-by-appeals-court\">Juliana v. United States\u003c/a> — against the entire government. It was dismissed in 2020 but \u003ca href=\"https://e360.yale.edu/digest/juliana-youth-climate-lawsuit-trial\">revived by an Oregon judge\u003c/a> this summer. The group \u003ca href=\"https://www.ourchildrenstrust.org/pending-state-actions\">also has legal actions pending\u003c/a> in Florida, Hawaii, Utah and Virginia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=18+California+children+are+suing+the+EPA+over+climate+change&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The suit, which claims that the effects of climate change — including excessive heat, wildfires, and flooding — are adversely impacting children's lives today, is the latest in a series of climate-related cases filed on behalf of minors.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704845798,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":578},"headData":{"title":"18 California Children Are Suing the EPA Over Climate Change | KQED","description":"The suit, which claims that the effects of climate change — including excessive heat, wildfires, and flooding — are adversely impacting children's lives today, is the latest in a series of climate-related cases filed on behalf of minors.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"18 California Children Are Suing the EPA Over Climate Change","datePublished":"2023-12-14T15:30:49.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:16:38.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"NPR","sourceUrl":"https://www.npr.org","sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"William Campbell","nprByline":"Jeff Brady","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"1218499186","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1218499186&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2023/12/11/1218499186/18-california-children-are-suing-the-epa-over-climate-change?ft=nprml&f=1218499186","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 11 Dec 2023 14:43:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 11 Dec 2023 14:43:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 11 Dec 2023 14:43:00 -0500","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1985830/18-california-children-are-suing-the-epa-over-climate-change","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Eighteen California children are suing the Environmental Protection Agency, claiming it violated their constitutional rights by failing to protect them from the effects of climate change. The suit is the latest in a series of climate-related cases filed on behalf of children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the federal lawsuit — \u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/655a2d016eb74e41dc292ed5/t/6576829a565cc6227e10b682/1702265500795/Doc+1+Complaint+2023.12.10.pdf\">Genesis B. v. United States Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> — the lead plaintiff, “Genesis B.” is a 17-year-old Long Beach, California resident whose parents can’t afford air conditioning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the number of extreme heat days increases, the lawsuit said Genesis isn’t able to stay cool in her home during the day. “On many days, Genesis must wait until the evening to do schoolwork when temperatures cool down enough for her to be able to focus,” according to the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other plaintiffs range in age from eight to 17 and are identified by their first names and last initials because they are minors. For each plaintiff, the lawsuit mentions ways that climate change is affecting their lives now, such as wildfires and flooding that have damaged landscapes near them and forced them to evacuate their homes or cancel activities.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"more on climate change ","tag":"climate-change"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Time is slipping away, and the impact of the climate crisis is already hitting us directly. We are running from wildfires, being displaced by floods, panicking in hot classrooms during another heat wave,” 15-year-old plaintiff Noah said in a \u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/655a2d016eb74e41dc292ed5/t/657700495cff6c371800d3a1/1702297673995/2023.12.11+EPA+Case+Filed+press+release.pdf\">statement\u003c/a> provided by the nonprofit, public interest law firm Our Children’s Trust, which filed the suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit comes on the heels of a legal victory in another suit that Our Children’s Trust filed on behalf of children. This summer, a state judge in Montana handed Our Children’s Trust a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/23/1194710955/montana-youth-climate-ruling-could-set-precedent-for-future-climate-litigation\">historic win\u003c/a>. The judge found the state violated 16 young plaintiffs’ “right to a clean and healthful environment.” That case is being appealed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California federal case claims the EPA violated the children’s constitutional rights by allowing carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels to warm the climate. It notes the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2009/12/epa_to_label_greenhouse_gases.html\">agency’s 2009 finding\u003c/a> that carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, is a public health threat, and children are the most vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is one federal agency explicitly tasked with keeping the air clean and controlling pollution to protect the health of every child and the welfare of a nation—the EPA,” said Julia Olson, chief legal counsel for Our Children’s Trust, in the statement. “The agency has done the opposite when it comes to climate pollution, and it’s time the EPA is held accountable by our courts for violating the U.S. Constitution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An EPA spokesperson said because of the pending litigation, the agency could not comment on the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit does not specifically seek financial compensation, other than plaintiff costs and attorneys’ fees. Instead, it asks for various declarations about the environmental rights of children and the EPA’s responsibility to protect them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our Children’s Trust filed a different federal lawsuit in 2015 — \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/17/797416530/kids-climate-case-reluctantly-dismissed-by-appeals-court\">Juliana v. United States\u003c/a> — against the entire government. It was dismissed in 2020 but \u003ca href=\"https://e360.yale.edu/digest/juliana-youth-climate-lawsuit-trial\">revived by an Oregon judge\u003c/a> this summer. The group \u003ca href=\"https://www.ourchildrenstrust.org/pending-state-actions\">also has legal actions pending\u003c/a> in Florida, Hawaii, Utah and Virginia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=18+California+children+are+suing+the+EPA+over+climate+change&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1985830/18-california-children-are-suing-the-epa-over-climate-change","authors":["byline_science_1985830"],"categories":["science_31","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_194","science_1754","science_2209","science_2080","science_4417","science_556","science_309"],"featImg":"science_1985848","label":"source_science_1985830"},"science_1985663":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1985663","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1985663","score":null,"sort":[1701547223000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"epa-aims-to-combat-climate-change-with-new-methane-reduction-rules","title":"EPA Aims to Combat Climate Change With New Methane Reduction Rules","publishDate":1701547223,"format":"standard","headTitle":"EPA Aims to Combat Climate Change With New Methane Reduction Rules | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The oil industry has long leaked methane into the atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse gasses that are warming the planet. Now, new federal rules aim to dramatically reduce that pollution in the next 15 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration has issued strict new regulations to reduce methane from oil and gas industry operations. The announcement from the Environmental Protection Agency comes as world leaders are in Dubai for the annual United Nations climate meeting, where \u003ca href=\"https://www.globalmethanepledge.org/events/methane-cop28\">controlling methane is a big focus\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is the main ingredient in natural gas. It stays in the atmosphere for a shorter time than carbon dioxide — the most abundant greenhouse gas from humans. But methane is a \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/gmi/importance-methane\">much more potent climate-warming gas\u003c/a>. Research shows that even small amounts of methane escaping into the atmosphere can \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/14/1187648553/natural-gas-can-rival-coals-climate-warming-potential-when-leaks-are-counted\">equal the climate-warming effects of burning coal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA Administrator Michael Regan, in a written statement, called the new final rule an “historic action to reduce climate pollution, protecting people and the planet.” He says the regulation is part of President Biden’s ambitious climate change efforts to zero out the country’s greenhouse gasses by 2050 and meet goals in the landmark Paris climate agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA estimates the new rule will reduce methane emissions nearly 80% below what they were projected to be, and that will “prevent an estimated 58 million tons of methane emissions from 2024 to 2038.” The agency says that’s the equivalent climate warming power “as all the carbon dioxide emitted by the power sector in 2021.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA says that over that period, the amount of methane that will be captured or leaks avoided would be enough to heat nearly 8 million American homes for a winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency also estimates the final rule will have net financial benefits of at least $7.3 billion a year from 2024 to 2038. Included in that accounting are the cost of deploying new technologies, climate savings, and health benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Human-caused methane emissions are responsible for about 30% of global warming today, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/44216/eye_on_methane_summary.pdf?sequence=3\">United Nations Environment Programme\u003c/a>. Most of the methane emitted by humans comes from the energy sector, agriculture and landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new rule includes a “Super Emitter Program” that allows third parties, including environmental groups, to detect and report large methane releases from oil and gas sites. The EPA says studies show these large emitters account for almost half the methane emissions from the oil and gas industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry is also required to phase out routine natural gas flaring at new oil wells. Drillers often flare or burn gas from the ground with more valuable oil when there isn’t a pipeline nearby to transport the gas to buyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new rule also requires “comprehensive monitoring” for methane leaks from well sites and compressor stations. In addition to regularly inspecting sites, the EPA says oil and gas companies must choose “low-cost and innovative methane monitoring technologies” to detect leaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the rule creates standards for reducing emissions from equipment, such as controllers, pumps and storage tanks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some states already have methane emissions programs. They will now have two years to submit them to EPA for approval to ensure they comply with the new federal regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With other countries also zeroing in on methane as a key climate risk, it’s a signal to operators worldwide that clean-up time is here,” says Fred Krupp, Environmental Defense Fund president, in a statement. EDF is among groups that have established methane monitoring programs, including plans to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpr.org/2023/08/17/methane-satellite-ball-aerospace-boulder/\">launch a $90 million satellite\u003c/a> to detect methane from oil and gas fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the new rules are aimed at the oil industry, they’re getting praise from some larger companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“BP welcomes the finalization of a federal methane rule for new, modified and — for the first time — existing sources,” Orlando Alvarez, chairman and president of BP America, says in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But smaller companies have been critical, fearing increased costs that could make some wells unprofitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry’s largest trade group, the American Petroleum Institute, says it’s still reviewing the final rule. Earlier this year, API detailed its concerns in \u003ca href=\"https://www.api.org/~/media/files/news/2023/02/13/api-comments-epa-supplemental-proposed-methane-rule\">comments submitted to the EPA\u003c/a>. Among them, API mentioned potential legal issues with using third-party monitors for the “Super Emitter Program.” The group says the EPA “must establish requirements for monitoring of third-party data” and provide limits on how that information is released to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A senior EPA official says the agency made changes based on such comments. The official says now the EPA will certify groups with methane monitoring expertise, assess reports of releases for accuracy, and then notify a responsible company of the release so they can fix it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear whether that will satisfy API’s concerns, but the comments highlight something many people involved in this rulemaking process assume: the new regulations will likely be challenged in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=EPA+aims+to+slash+the+oil+industry%27s+climate-warming+methane+pollution&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"New EPA rules require oil and gas companies to slash climate-changing methane from their operations. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1711154013,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":861},"headData":{"title":"EPA Aims to Combat Climate Change With New Methane Reduction Rules | KQED","description":"New EPA rules require oil and gas companies to slash climate-changing methane from their operations. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"EPA Aims to Combat Climate Change With New Methane Reduction Rules","datePublished":"2023-12-02T20:00:23.000Z","dateModified":"2024-03-23T00:33:33.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"NPR","sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"David Goldman","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/4127076/jeff-brady\">Jeff Brady\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"AP","nprStoryId":"1216401828","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1216401828&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2023/12/02/1216401828/epa-aims-to-slash-the-oil-industrys-climate-warming-methane-pollution?ft=nprml&f=1216401828","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Sat, 02 Dec 2023 07:10:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Sat, 02 Dec 2023 03:00:25 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Sat, 02 Dec 2023 07:10:59 -0500","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1985663/epa-aims-to-combat-climate-change-with-new-methane-reduction-rules","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The oil industry has long leaked methane into the atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse gasses that are warming the planet. Now, new federal rules aim to dramatically reduce that pollution in the next 15 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration has issued strict new regulations to reduce methane from oil and gas industry operations. The announcement from the Environmental Protection Agency comes as world leaders are in Dubai for the annual United Nations climate meeting, where \u003ca href=\"https://www.globalmethanepledge.org/events/methane-cop28\">controlling methane is a big focus\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is the main ingredient in natural gas. It stays in the atmosphere for a shorter time than carbon dioxide — the most abundant greenhouse gas from humans. But methane is a \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/gmi/importance-methane\">much more potent climate-warming gas\u003c/a>. Research shows that even small amounts of methane escaping into the atmosphere can \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/14/1187648553/natural-gas-can-rival-coals-climate-warming-potential-when-leaks-are-counted\">equal the climate-warming effects of burning coal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA Administrator Michael Regan, in a written statement, called the new final rule an “historic action to reduce climate pollution, protecting people and the planet.” He says the regulation is part of President Biden’s ambitious climate change efforts to zero out the country’s greenhouse gasses by 2050 and meet goals in the landmark Paris climate agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA estimates the new rule will reduce methane emissions nearly 80% below what they were projected to be, and that will “prevent an estimated 58 million tons of methane emissions from 2024 to 2038.” The agency says that’s the equivalent climate warming power “as all the carbon dioxide emitted by the power sector in 2021.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA says that over that period, the amount of methane that will be captured or leaks avoided would be enough to heat nearly 8 million American homes for a winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency also estimates the final rule will have net financial benefits of at least $7.3 billion a year from 2024 to 2038. Included in that accounting are the cost of deploying new technologies, climate savings, and health benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Human-caused methane emissions are responsible for about 30% of global warming today, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/44216/eye_on_methane_summary.pdf?sequence=3\">United Nations Environment Programme\u003c/a>. Most of the methane emitted by humans comes from the energy sector, agriculture and landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new rule includes a “Super Emitter Program” that allows third parties, including environmental groups, to detect and report large methane releases from oil and gas sites. The EPA says studies show these large emitters account for almost half the methane emissions from the oil and gas industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry is also required to phase out routine natural gas flaring at new oil wells. Drillers often flare or burn gas from the ground with more valuable oil when there isn’t a pipeline nearby to transport the gas to buyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new rule also requires “comprehensive monitoring” for methane leaks from well sites and compressor stations. In addition to regularly inspecting sites, the EPA says oil and gas companies must choose “low-cost and innovative methane monitoring technologies” to detect leaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the rule creates standards for reducing emissions from equipment, such as controllers, pumps and storage tanks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some states already have methane emissions programs. They will now have two years to submit them to EPA for approval to ensure they comply with the new federal regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With other countries also zeroing in on methane as a key climate risk, it’s a signal to operators worldwide that clean-up time is here,” says Fred Krupp, Environmental Defense Fund president, in a statement. EDF is among groups that have established methane monitoring programs, including plans to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpr.org/2023/08/17/methane-satellite-ball-aerospace-boulder/\">launch a $90 million satellite\u003c/a> to detect methane from oil and gas fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the new rules are aimed at the oil industry, they’re getting praise from some larger companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“BP welcomes the finalization of a federal methane rule for new, modified and — for the first time — existing sources,” Orlando Alvarez, chairman and president of BP America, says in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But smaller companies have been critical, fearing increased costs that could make some wells unprofitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry’s largest trade group, the American Petroleum Institute, says it’s still reviewing the final rule. Earlier this year, API detailed its concerns in \u003ca href=\"https://www.api.org/~/media/files/news/2023/02/13/api-comments-epa-supplemental-proposed-methane-rule\">comments submitted to the EPA\u003c/a>. Among them, API mentioned potential legal issues with using third-party monitors for the “Super Emitter Program.” The group says the EPA “must establish requirements for monitoring of third-party data” and provide limits on how that information is released to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A senior EPA official says the agency made changes based on such comments. The official says now the EPA will certify groups with methane monitoring expertise, assess reports of releases for accuracy, and then notify a responsible company of the release so they can fix it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear whether that will satisfy API’s concerns, but the comments highlight something many people involved in this rulemaking process assume: the new regulations will likely be challenged in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=EPA+aims+to+slash+the+oil+industry%27s+climate-warming+methane+pollution&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1985663/epa-aims-to-combat-climate-change-with-new-methane-reduction-rules","authors":["byline_science_1985663"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_194","science_2080","science_556","science_452","science_784","science_952"],"featImg":"science_1985664","label":"source_science_1985663"},"science_1983015":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1983015","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1983015","score":null,"sort":[1686660312000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"in-letter-to-epa-ca-congressional-members-urge-collaboration-on-prescribed-fire","title":"California Congressmembers Urge EPA to Support Prescribed Fire","publishDate":1686660312,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Congressmembers Urge EPA to Support Prescribed Fire | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The smoke from wildfires that bathed the Eastern Seaboard in recent days prompted officials to issue air quality alerts and refocused wide attention on the issue of fire pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also the urgent backdrop to \u003ca href=\"https://www.padilla.senate.gov/wp-content/uploads/Letter-to-EPA-re_-PM2.5-Rule-Limiting-Prescribed-Fire-Opportunities1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a letter congressional leaders from California\u003c/a> sent to the Environmental Protection Agency on Tuesday, pressing regulators to amend their update of the Clean Air Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While specifying their support for cleaner standards, the members of Congress want the implementation of the EPA’s new rule to support, rather than hinder, the use of prescribed burns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of our colleagues from other parts of the country [are] finally getting an appreciation for a very real challenge that we’ve had in California for many years,” said Sen. Alex Padilla in an interview with KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He led the effort to draft the letter and is one of 25 leaders to co-sign, along with Sen. Dianne Feinstein, Rep. Katie Porter, Rep. Adam Schiff and Rep. Zoe Lofgren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They expressed concern that a new rule intended to improve air quality — tightening standards on a class of pollutants that include soot and smoke — could have the opposite intended effect by making it harder to conduct prescribed burns, setting the stage for the types of big fires currently raging out of control in Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We ask for your continued focus on developing a solution that both safeguards clean air and prevents the consistent cycle of devastating wildfires that also undermines our efforts to make progress on clean air,” the letter says. It also urges officials to collaborate with air districts, land managers and fire practitioners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is, if you don’t do these controlled burns, you’re going to have more catastrophic fires that blast way past anyone’s air quality standards. And that has become a chronic problem in Northern California year after year,” said North Bay Congressmember Jared Huffman, who co-signed the letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While controlled burns do produce smoke, it’s more manageable and less toxic than wildfire smoke. And, crucially, prescribed fires help inoculate areas against disastrous fires — the kind that produce debilitating\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>smoke for weeks on end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If regulators are not allowing us to use the most powerful tool we have to prevent those kind of massive air quality violations, then we need to urge them to do better. That’s what this letter is all about,” Huffman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increasing the pace and scale of prescribed fire is a cornerstone of plans from both the state of California and the U.S. Forest Service for addressing the wildfire crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the EPA’s proposed rule might hinder that approach by requiring air districts to meet newly strengthened standards for smoke and soot. Air districts, in turn, might err on the side of not approving planned burns to safeguard their compliance with air quality standards. (Consequences can be severe for air districts that are out of compliance. The EPA may take over air permitting and impose a ban on new federal highway funds.) \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1982166\">The fire science community in California has said this is wrongheaded\u003c/a> and risks ultimately leading to smokier days in this state and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By treating prescribed fire smoke similarly to industrial pollution sources, the draft EPA rule would significantly curb the use of beneficial fire,” wrote Matt Weiner of the nonprofit Megafire Action in an email; Megafire Action gave input on the letter. “This letter shows that the issue has gone from relatively obscure to top of mind, even among those who are fiercely supportive of EPA lowering the PM 2.5 threshold.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PM 2.5 is a class of pollutants defined by their size: 2.5 microns in length or smaller (about 3% of a hair’s width). Their small size allows them to get deep into the lungs and even pass into the bloodstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA has not said when it will publish their final rule. According to reports, they are in discussions with the U.S. Forest Service and other agencies about this issue.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Officials are concerned that a rule intended to improve air quality could have the opposite effect.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704845984,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":696},"headData":{"title":"California Congressmembers Urge EPA to Support Prescribed Fire | KQED","description":"Officials are concerned that a rule intended to improve air quality could have the opposite effect.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California Congressmembers Urge EPA to Support Prescribed Fire","datePublished":"2023-06-13T12:45:12.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:19:44.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Wildfire Smoke","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1983015/in-letter-to-epa-ca-congressional-members-urge-collaboration-on-prescribed-fire","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The smoke from wildfires that bathed the Eastern Seaboard in recent days prompted officials to issue air quality alerts and refocused wide attention on the issue of fire pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also the urgent backdrop to \u003ca href=\"https://www.padilla.senate.gov/wp-content/uploads/Letter-to-EPA-re_-PM2.5-Rule-Limiting-Prescribed-Fire-Opportunities1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a letter congressional leaders from California\u003c/a> sent to the Environmental Protection Agency on Tuesday, pressing regulators to amend their update of the Clean Air Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While specifying their support for cleaner standards, the members of Congress want the implementation of the EPA’s new rule to support, rather than hinder, the use of prescribed burns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of our colleagues from other parts of the country [are] finally getting an appreciation for a very real challenge that we’ve had in California for many years,” said Sen. Alex Padilla in an interview with KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He led the effort to draft the letter and is one of 25 leaders to co-sign, along with Sen. Dianne Feinstein, Rep. Katie Porter, Rep. Adam Schiff and Rep. Zoe Lofgren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They expressed concern that a new rule intended to improve air quality — tightening standards on a class of pollutants that include soot and smoke — could have the opposite intended effect by making it harder to conduct prescribed burns, setting the stage for the types of big fires currently raging out of control in Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We ask for your continued focus on developing a solution that both safeguards clean air and prevents the consistent cycle of devastating wildfires that also undermines our efforts to make progress on clean air,” the letter says. It also urges officials to collaborate with air districts, land managers and fire practitioners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is, if you don’t do these controlled burns, you’re going to have more catastrophic fires that blast way past anyone’s air quality standards. And that has become a chronic problem in Northern California year after year,” said North Bay Congressmember Jared Huffman, who co-signed the letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While controlled burns do produce smoke, it’s more manageable and less toxic than wildfire smoke. And, crucially, prescribed fires help inoculate areas against disastrous fires — the kind that produce debilitating\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>smoke for weeks on end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If regulators are not allowing us to use the most powerful tool we have to prevent those kind of massive air quality violations, then we need to urge them to do better. That’s what this letter is all about,” Huffman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increasing the pace and scale of prescribed fire is a cornerstone of plans from both the state of California and the U.S. Forest Service for addressing the wildfire crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the EPA’s proposed rule might hinder that approach by requiring air districts to meet newly strengthened standards for smoke and soot. Air districts, in turn, might err on the side of not approving planned burns to safeguard their compliance with air quality standards. (Consequences can be severe for air districts that are out of compliance. The EPA may take over air permitting and impose a ban on new federal highway funds.) \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1982166\">The fire science community in California has said this is wrongheaded\u003c/a> and risks ultimately leading to smokier days in this state and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By treating prescribed fire smoke similarly to industrial pollution sources, the draft EPA rule would significantly curb the use of beneficial fire,” wrote Matt Weiner of the nonprofit Megafire Action in an email; Megafire Action gave input on the letter. “This letter shows that the issue has gone from relatively obscure to top of mind, even among those who are fiercely supportive of EPA lowering the PM 2.5 threshold.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PM 2.5 is a class of pollutants defined by their size: 2.5 microns in length or smaller (about 3% of a hair’s width). Their small size allows them to get deep into the lungs and even pass into the bloodstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA has not said when it will publish their final rule. According to reports, they are in discussions with the U.S. Forest Service and other agencies about this issue.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1983015/in-letter-to-epa-ca-congressional-members-urge-collaboration-on-prescribed-fire","authors":["11088"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_182","science_192","science_2080","science_4417"],"featImg":"science_1950331","label":"source_science_1983015"},"science_1982166":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1982166","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1982166","score":null,"sort":[1680872451000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-epa-wants-cleaner-air-but-fire-experts-worry-new-rule-risks-making-it-worse","title":"Here's Why Wildfire Experts Are Worried About an EPA Plan for Cleaner Air","publishDate":1680872451,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Here’s Why Wildfire Experts Are Worried About an EPA Plan for Cleaner Air | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Few laws have been as successful, or saved the United States as much money, as the \u003ca href=\"https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/RL30853\">Clean Air Act (PDF)\u003c/a>. First enacted in 1955, the act was a response to alarming disasters like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5922205/\">Donora Smog\u003c/a> of 1948 in Western Pennsylvania and 1952’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-england-london-20615186\">Great Smog of London\u003c/a>, where thick dirty air from factories and vehicles enveloped communities for days and caused widespread deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress intended for the act to be frequently reevaluated and, if necessary, updated. The Environmental Protection Agency sets legal limits for how much pollution air districts are allowed to let into the air. Currently, the EPA is proposing tightening the standard for tiny particulates floating in the air, originating from motors, engines and fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Updating and tightening the standard is very popular among public health professionals, air regulators and the environmental justice community, who point to a mountain of evidence that this pollution takes lives early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Rob Bonta, along \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press-docs/2023-03-28%20AGO%20Coalition%20-%20PM%20NAAQS%20Comment%20Letter.pdf\">with 17 other attorneys general, also supports limit tightening (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many in the environmental justice community, concerned about the disproportionate air pollution burden that many lower-income communities and communities of color live with, would like to see standards tightened even further. In California, that’s especially true in the San Joaquin Valley and the South Coast Air Basin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We should have had lowered standards years ago. It’s a relief to see it now being proposed,” said Genevieve Amsalem, research and policy director at the Central California Environmental Justice Network. “Any time that you lower that standard, you’re going to be saving lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She considers bad air the region’s biggest environmental public health threat, one that especially affects communities of color.[pullquote size='medium' align='left' citation=\"Genevieve Amsalem, research and policy director, Central California Environmental Justice Network\"]‘Everyone knows a parent who has brought their baby, or their 2-year-old, into the ER because they couldn’t breathe. You know, the baby’s turning blue. It’s a story you hear across generations.’[/pullquote]“Everyone knows a parent who has brought their baby, or their 2-year-old, into the ER because they couldn’t breathe. You know, the baby’s turning blue,” Amsalem said. “It’s a story you hear across generations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data backs up this impression: Counties in the San Joaquin Valley consistently have among the \u003ca href=\"https://californiahealthline.org/news/dirty-air-and-disasters-sending-kids-to-the-er-for-asthma/\">worst rates of childhood asthma\u003c/a> in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are worries among the fire science community that the EPA’s proposed rule could have its opposite intended effect. They worry it may leave the state with ultimately worse air in the long run by stifling the use of prescribed fire. The ultimate outcome will affect everyone living in California and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wildfire is really challenging the paradigm that is at the core of the Clean Air Act — that emissions can be controlled,” said Michael Wara, an energy and climate scholar at Stanford University in \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uA1wg9yzGxM&t=32s\">a presentation to students and researchers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wildfire emissions are not being successfully controlled. They’re growing,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Clean Air Act was written during a time when smokestack air pollution was the key problem standing in the way of healthy air, and the U.S. Forest Service could seemingly put any wildfire out by \u003ca href=\"https://foresthistory.org/research-explore/us-forest-service-history/policy-and-law/fire-u-s-forest-service/u-s-forest-service-fire-suppression/#:~:text=In%201935%2C%20the%20Forest%20Service,eliminate%20fire%20from%20the%20landscape.\">10 a.m. the next day\u003c/a>. All over the country, wildfires bent more or less easily to the will of firefighters, and the big sources of pollution could be regulated at the emission’s source. But that was a different climate reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Clean air keeps people out of hospitals\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Today, with \u003ca href=\"https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R44840/4\">emissions from the worst pollutants down by more than 70% (PDF)\u003c/a>, the EPA estimates \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/benefits-and-costs-clean-air-act-1990-2020-second-prospective-study#:~:text=In%202020%2C%20the%20Clean%20Air,reductions%20in%20ambient%20particulate%20matter\">the Clean Air Act saves 230,000 lives annually\u003c/a> and hundreds of thousands more from asthma, bronchitis and heart attacks. Public health experts estimate the benefits of all these lives saved and hospital visits avoided into the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/benefits-and-costs-clean-air-act-1970-1990-study-design-and-summary-results\">many trillions of dollars\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfires are now a major producer of both carbon emissions and tiny specks of sooty pollutants known as PM 2.5. A 2022 study from the National Center for Atmospheric Research found that \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29623-8\">wildfire pollution was beginning to reverse decades of clean air gains\u003c/a>. (Researchers at Stanford in 2020 had \u003ca href=\"https://escholarship.org/content/qt5134m9d8/qt5134m9d8.pdf?t=qpc4ro\">similar findings [PDF]\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA’s plan would update its standard for PM 2.5.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" tag=\"air-quality\"]Shorthand for “particulate matter of 2.5 microns in size or less,” PM 2.5 is a class of pollutants based on dimensions rather than origin or chemical makeup. It would take about 30 of them lined up to cross the width of a human hair. It’s their size that’s the key problem: It allows them to get deep into the lungs and even cross into the bloodstream, causing heart and respiratory problems. In short, it’s a terrible pollutant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public comment on the proposal closed late last month, and the EPA is now deciding whether and how to implement revisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA estimates \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sciencematters/epa-researchers-contribute-american-thoracic-society-workshop-report-wildland-fire\">a third of the PM 2.5 we breathe in this country is from wildfires\u003c/a>. For those in the West during wildfire season, it can be 90%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if wildfire trends continue and worsen, as climate models suggest they will, then we’ve seen nothing yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To avoid the worst outcomes, Wara of Stanford points to the need to dramatically increase the use of prescribed fire in pyro-adapted landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the best hopes that we have for reducing public health impacts from wildfire and [general] impacts from wildfire have to do with substituting prescribed fire emission for high-intensity wildfire emission,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The rub: Wildfire smoke vs. prescribed fire smoke\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The EPA enforces its clean air standards. If air districts do not achieve these clean-air goals, then the EPA can take over air permitting within a district and even impose a ban on new federal highway grants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, EPA officials recognize that sometimes air districts are out of compliance through no fault of their own. In this case, they are allowed to file for an “exceptional event.” In this bureaucratic process, the “event” is linked to the cause of pollution going over the legal limit. It is meant for events that are unforeseeable and are unlikely to occur in the same location again, like a volcanic explosion. If the link can be made, then emissions from that event can be subtracted from the total, and the air district is no longer in trouble with the EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To use an analogy, if you couldn’t pay off your credit card bill some month because you had an unforeseen emergency expense, this would be the process by which you might convince the credit card company to waive that charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1970817\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1970817\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"An aerial view shows neighborhoods enshrouded in smoke as the Bobcat Fire advances toward foothill cities and new evacuation order go into effect on September 13, 2020 in Monrovia, California.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view shows neighborhoods in Monrovia enshrouded in smoke from the Bobcat Fire on Sept. 13, 2020. \u003ccite>(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It is a long, technically involved process. A California Air Resources Board (CARB) \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2021-11/2020_Northern_California_EE_Full_Demo_Final.pdf\">exceptional events filing (PDF)\u003c/a> for ozone concentrations during the Northern California wildfires of 2020 runs 228 pages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem, as seen by many in the wildfire science community, is that while this process essentially means air districts are not on the hook for wildfire smoke, they are on the hook for prescribed fire smoke. And prescribed fire — the most affordable, effective inoculation against future wildfires — has never been used as a basis for an exceptional event in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But fire scientists and those in fire agencies worry this new rule will stifle the state and federal plans to expand the use of prescribed fire as a core strategy to stem out-of-control wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got to start doing larger prescribed burns if we want to make a difference to what is actually happening on our landscape,” said Scott Stephens, fire science professor at UC Berkeley. “That just means there’s going to be more smoke.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pro-prescribed-fire groups, including the National Association of Forest Service Retirees, have \u003ca href=\"https://nafsr.org/advocacy/2023/031023%20NAFSR%20response%20to%20EPA%20PM2.5%20rule%20change.pdf\">submitted comments detailing their concern (PDF)\u003c/a> that the proposed rule “will reduce the Nation’s ability to implement strategies intended to reduce unwanted wildfire effects on communities and wildlands, including barriers to increasing the pace and scale of prescribed burning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976585\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1998px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1976585\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f.jpg\" alt=\"A firefighter lights a prescribed burn in Humboldt County to reduce the underbrush without killing trees.\" width=\"1998\" height=\"1499\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f.jpg 1998w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1998px) 100vw, 1998px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prescribed burns, like this one in Humboldt County, reduce the underbrush without destroying trees. \u003ccite>(Lenya Quinn-Davidson/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A large group of fire specialists, including professors, cultural burners and ecologists, wrote in a comment letter to the EPA that its plan “would put the EPA on the wrong side of policies and actions planned by federal, state, local and Tribal entities to address the wildfire crisis and ultimately, to reduce harmful PM2.5 emissions and impacts by reducing wildfire smoke.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smoke from prescribed fires is less intense and less damaging than smoke from wildfires. Many scientists view it as \u003ca href=\"https://www.lung.org/policy-advocacy/healthy-air-campaign/prescribed-fire-report#:~:text=Prescribed%20burns%20can%20be%20used,supporting%20ecosystem%20health%20and%20resiliency.\">a protective trade-off\u003c/a> — some pollution now in exchange for greater fire safety (and less pollution) in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Air districts supportive, with qualifications\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Both the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/news/carb-statement-us-epa-proposal-strengthen-health-based-standards-fine-particulate-matter\">California Air Resources Board\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/communications-and-outreach/publications/news-releases/2023/pmnaaqs_230105_2023_001-pdf.pdf?la=en\">Bay Area Air Quality Management District (PDF)\u003c/a> have submitted comments supporting a tightening of the PM 2.5 standard. In interviews with KQED, regulators from both organizations also expressed support for prescribed burning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charles Knoderer, meteorologist at BAAQMD, said that the air district views prescribed burning as a partner and ally in lowering the risk of wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can control when they’re doing the burning and we can minimize the amount of smoke that’s released,” he said. “Wildfires will put out a ton more smoke, and at that point there’s really no controlling it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Bay Area nor California air regulators seem to share the worries of the fire community that the EPA will hamper the increased use of prescribed fire, however.[pullquote size='medium' align='left' citation=\"Charles Knoderer, meteorologist, Bay Area Air Quality Management District\"]‘We can control when they’re doing the burning and we can minimize the amount of smoke that’s released. Wildfires will put out a ton more smoke, and at that point there’s really no controlling it.’[/pullquote]Edie Chang, deputy executive officer at CARB, said her agency has heard from the prescribed-fire community and has brought up the issue in comments to the EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to see how we can streamline or make suggestions for how EPA might modify their policies or their guidance to help us be able to balance the increased use of prescribed fire that we need for forest management, for managing and reducing the catastrophic wildfires that we experience in California,” said Chang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She expressed hope that the rule’s implementation phase, which it now heads into, would be the time for nitty-gritty details to be worked out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though they can be expunged from the data, residents are still feeling [the effects of wildfire] very much so,” said Amsalem, of the Central California Environmental Justice Network. She hopes agencies will work out this issue, she said, “because we do need to do more prescribed burning to reduce the catastrophic events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>EPA’s proposed workaround leaves burners skeptical\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The EPA also seems aware of these concerns. In its proposed rule, it says it acknowledges stakeholder concerns about the importance of prescribed fire and intends to work with stakeholders to address these issues. It also says \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2019-08/documents/ee_prescribed_fire_final_guidance_-_august_2019.pdf\">prescribed fires have the potential to qualify for exceptional events (PDF)\u003c/a>, which could encourage their continued and expanded use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, this has environmental lawyers very concerned. Sara Clark of the law firm Shute, Mihaly and Weinberger works with nonprofit organizations and supports prescribed fire and Indigenous cultural burners. She thinks the EPA’s reasoning as written might not hold up under a judge’s evaluation.[aside label=\"More Stories\" tag=\"prescribed-burning\"]“[The EPA] does a lot of linguistic acrobatics to try and clarify how a prescribed fire is … not reasonably preventable or controllable. But it’s called a ‘controlled burn,’” said Clark. “I’m concerned about the legal underpinnings there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also believes that the time and technical expertise needed to file for an exceptional event exemption would make air regulators wary of using it. Extensive documentation and analysis is needed to submit for an exceptional events determination from CARB or the EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent Government Accountability Office report echoes these concerns. The report says \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-23-104723.pdf\">the EPA could do a better job working with other agencies to reduce impacts from wildfires (PDF)\u003c/a>, including making it easier to conduct prescribed fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stakeholders interviewed by the GAO said that state and local agencies aren’t likely to use the exceptional events provision for prescribed burns because “the agencies would not likely approve prescribed burns that could cause National Ambient Air Quality Standards exceedances in the first place.” And they said that “exceptional event demonstrations are technically complicated and resource intensive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Put another way, it’s more likely that prescribed burns would never happen if air regulators thought they might have to file for an exceptional event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is also legally uncharted, or nearly uncharted, territory. \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-23-104723.pdf\">The EPA has received only one exceptional events demonstration for a prescribed burn (PDF)\u003c/a> — too much ozone was associated with prescribed burns in the Flint Hills of Kansas in December 2012. But since then, no tribal, state or local agency has submitted an exceptional event demonstration for a prescribed burn, according to EPA officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Should wildfires be considered exceptional?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The EPA’s proposed rule is based in part on the recommendations of the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee, a collection of public health experts. In their \u003ca href=\"https://www.lawandenvironment.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2022/03/casac-review-of-the-epas-policy-assessment-for-the-reconsideration-of-the-national-ambient-air-quality-standards-for-particulate-matter-external-review-draft-october-2021.pdf?utm_source=mondaq&utm_medium=syndication&utm_content=inarticlelink&utm_campaign=article\">letter sent last spring to EPA administrator Michael Regan (PDF)\u003c/a>, they questioned whether even wildfires ought to be routinely considered exceptional events, considering they are the result of human-caused climate change, fire suppression and forest management policies and, often, problems with equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In some parts of the country, wildfires are no longer ‘exceptional’ The dramatic increase in wildfires over the last decade is not natural,” the authors write, pointing to forest management, climate change and utility power lines. “These are (in theory) at least partially controllable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In UC Berkeley’s Stephens’ view, the rule as proposed is an unacceptable passing of the buck.[pullquote size='medium' align='left' citation=\"Scott Stephens, fire science professor, UC Berkeley\"]‘If you do proactive work like prescribed burning, you have to justify it through a rule that is onerous. But if a wildfire is occurring, causing damage to people, burning down homes, no one’s accountable. I just don’t see how that can work.’[/pullquote]“If you do proactive work like prescribed burning, you have to justify it through a rule that is onerous,” he said. “But if a wildfire is occurring, causing damage to people, burning down homes, no one’s accountable. I just don’t see how that can work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, for those affected by the worst air quality in the state, pollution is damaging whether it’s from a diesel engine, a prescribed fire or a catastrophic wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people interviewed for this story said they hope that as the EPA decides how to implement the rule over the course of this year, it will find a route that both protects public health from human-made sources like smokestacks and tailpipes and encourages proactive wildfire protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The key decision is going to be what happens in the U.S. EPA, PM 2.5 rulemaking. It’s really going to set the course for what is allowed or not allowed on the part of air districts over the next five to 10 years,” said Stanford’s Wara. He hopes for a path that can support both priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But if we just act as if it’s the year 2000 or sometime in the 1990s or even 1970 and the U.S. Forest Service reigned supreme over wildfire in the West?” he said. “We are not going to get this outcome.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The EPA is planning to tighten standards within the Clean Air Act, but a difference in how wildfire and prescribed fire smoke are accounted for could lead to perverse incentives.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846055,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":53,"wordCount":2766},"headData":{"title":"Here's Why Wildfire Experts Are Worried About an EPA Plan for Cleaner Air | KQED","description":"The EPA is planning to tighten standards within the Clean Air Act, but a difference in how wildfire and prescribed fire smoke are accounted for could lead to perverse incentives.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Here's Why Wildfire Experts Are Worried About an EPA Plan for Cleaner Air","datePublished":"2023-04-07T13:00:51.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:20:55.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"subhead":"The EPA is planning to tighten standards within the Clean Air Act, but a difference in how wildfire and prescribed fire smoke is accounted for could lead to perverse incentives.","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1982166/the-epa-wants-cleaner-air-but-fire-experts-worry-new-rule-risks-making-it-worse","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Few laws have been as successful, or saved the United States as much money, as the \u003ca href=\"https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/RL30853\">Clean Air Act (PDF)\u003c/a>. First enacted in 1955, the act was a response to alarming disasters like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5922205/\">Donora Smog\u003c/a> of 1948 in Western Pennsylvania and 1952’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-england-london-20615186\">Great Smog of London\u003c/a>, where thick dirty air from factories and vehicles enveloped communities for days and caused widespread deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress intended for the act to be frequently reevaluated and, if necessary, updated. The Environmental Protection Agency sets legal limits for how much pollution air districts are allowed to let into the air. Currently, the EPA is proposing tightening the standard for tiny particulates floating in the air, originating from motors, engines and fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Updating and tightening the standard is very popular among public health professionals, air regulators and the environmental justice community, who point to a mountain of evidence that this pollution takes lives early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Rob Bonta, along \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press-docs/2023-03-28%20AGO%20Coalition%20-%20PM%20NAAQS%20Comment%20Letter.pdf\">with 17 other attorneys general, also supports limit tightening (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many in the environmental justice community, concerned about the disproportionate air pollution burden that many lower-income communities and communities of color live with, would like to see standards tightened even further. In California, that’s especially true in the San Joaquin Valley and the South Coast Air Basin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We should have had lowered standards years ago. It’s a relief to see it now being proposed,” said Genevieve Amsalem, research and policy director at the Central California Environmental Justice Network. “Any time that you lower that standard, you’re going to be saving lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She considers bad air the region’s biggest environmental public health threat, one that especially affects communities of color.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Everyone knows a parent who has brought their baby, or their 2-year-old, into the ER because they couldn’t breathe. You know, the baby’s turning blue. It’s a story you hear across generations.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"left","citation":"Genevieve Amsalem, research and policy director, Central California Environmental Justice Network","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Everyone knows a parent who has brought their baby, or their 2-year-old, into the ER because they couldn’t breathe. You know, the baby’s turning blue,” Amsalem said. “It’s a story you hear across generations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data backs up this impression: Counties in the San Joaquin Valley consistently have among the \u003ca href=\"https://californiahealthline.org/news/dirty-air-and-disasters-sending-kids-to-the-er-for-asthma/\">worst rates of childhood asthma\u003c/a> in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are worries among the fire science community that the EPA’s proposed rule could have its opposite intended effect. They worry it may leave the state with ultimately worse air in the long run by stifling the use of prescribed fire. The ultimate outcome will affect everyone living in California and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wildfire is really challenging the paradigm that is at the core of the Clean Air Act — that emissions can be controlled,” said Michael Wara, an energy and climate scholar at Stanford University in \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uA1wg9yzGxM&t=32s\">a presentation to students and researchers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wildfire emissions are not being successfully controlled. They’re growing,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Clean Air Act was written during a time when smokestack air pollution was the key problem standing in the way of healthy air, and the U.S. Forest Service could seemingly put any wildfire out by \u003ca href=\"https://foresthistory.org/research-explore/us-forest-service-history/policy-and-law/fire-u-s-forest-service/u-s-forest-service-fire-suppression/#:~:text=In%201935%2C%20the%20Forest%20Service,eliminate%20fire%20from%20the%20landscape.\">10 a.m. the next day\u003c/a>. All over the country, wildfires bent more or less easily to the will of firefighters, and the big sources of pollution could be regulated at the emission’s source. But that was a different climate reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Clean air keeps people out of hospitals\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Today, with \u003ca href=\"https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R44840/4\">emissions from the worst pollutants down by more than 70% (PDF)\u003c/a>, the EPA estimates \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/benefits-and-costs-clean-air-act-1990-2020-second-prospective-study#:~:text=In%202020%2C%20the%20Clean%20Air,reductions%20in%20ambient%20particulate%20matter\">the Clean Air Act saves 230,000 lives annually\u003c/a> and hundreds of thousands more from asthma, bronchitis and heart attacks. Public health experts estimate the benefits of all these lives saved and hospital visits avoided into the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/benefits-and-costs-clean-air-act-1970-1990-study-design-and-summary-results\">many trillions of dollars\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfires are now a major producer of both carbon emissions and tiny specks of sooty pollutants known as PM 2.5. A 2022 study from the National Center for Atmospheric Research found that \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29623-8\">wildfire pollution was beginning to reverse decades of clean air gains\u003c/a>. (Researchers at Stanford in 2020 had \u003ca href=\"https://escholarship.org/content/qt5134m9d8/qt5134m9d8.pdf?t=qpc4ro\">similar findings [PDF]\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA’s plan would update its standard for PM 2.5.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","tag":"air-quality"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Shorthand for “particulate matter of 2.5 microns in size or less,” PM 2.5 is a class of pollutants based on dimensions rather than origin or chemical makeup. It would take about 30 of them lined up to cross the width of a human hair. It’s their size that’s the key problem: It allows them to get deep into the lungs and even cross into the bloodstream, causing heart and respiratory problems. In short, it’s a terrible pollutant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public comment on the proposal closed late last month, and the EPA is now deciding whether and how to implement revisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA estimates \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sciencematters/epa-researchers-contribute-american-thoracic-society-workshop-report-wildland-fire\">a third of the PM 2.5 we breathe in this country is from wildfires\u003c/a>. For those in the West during wildfire season, it can be 90%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if wildfire trends continue and worsen, as climate models suggest they will, then we’ve seen nothing yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To avoid the worst outcomes, Wara of Stanford points to the need to dramatically increase the use of prescribed fire in pyro-adapted landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the best hopes that we have for reducing public health impacts from wildfire and [general] impacts from wildfire have to do with substituting prescribed fire emission for high-intensity wildfire emission,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The rub: Wildfire smoke vs. prescribed fire smoke\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The EPA enforces its clean air standards. If air districts do not achieve these clean-air goals, then the EPA can take over air permitting within a district and even impose a ban on new federal highway grants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, EPA officials recognize that sometimes air districts are out of compliance through no fault of their own. In this case, they are allowed to file for an “exceptional event.” In this bureaucratic process, the “event” is linked to the cause of pollution going over the legal limit. It is meant for events that are unforeseeable and are unlikely to occur in the same location again, like a volcanic explosion. If the link can be made, then emissions from that event can be subtracted from the total, and the air district is no longer in trouble with the EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To use an analogy, if you couldn’t pay off your credit card bill some month because you had an unforeseen emergency expense, this would be the process by which you might convince the credit card company to waive that charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1970817\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1970817\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"An aerial view shows neighborhoods enshrouded in smoke as the Bobcat Fire advances toward foothill cities and new evacuation order go into effect on September 13, 2020 in Monrovia, California.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view shows neighborhoods in Monrovia enshrouded in smoke from the Bobcat Fire on Sept. 13, 2020. \u003ccite>(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It is a long, technically involved process. A California Air Resources Board (CARB) \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2021-11/2020_Northern_California_EE_Full_Demo_Final.pdf\">exceptional events filing (PDF)\u003c/a> for ozone concentrations during the Northern California wildfires of 2020 runs 228 pages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem, as seen by many in the wildfire science community, is that while this process essentially means air districts are not on the hook for wildfire smoke, they are on the hook for prescribed fire smoke. And prescribed fire — the most affordable, effective inoculation against future wildfires — has never been used as a basis for an exceptional event in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But fire scientists and those in fire agencies worry this new rule will stifle the state and federal plans to expand the use of prescribed fire as a core strategy to stem out-of-control wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got to start doing larger prescribed burns if we want to make a difference to what is actually happening on our landscape,” said Scott Stephens, fire science professor at UC Berkeley. “That just means there’s going to be more smoke.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pro-prescribed-fire groups, including the National Association of Forest Service Retirees, have \u003ca href=\"https://nafsr.org/advocacy/2023/031023%20NAFSR%20response%20to%20EPA%20PM2.5%20rule%20change.pdf\">submitted comments detailing their concern (PDF)\u003c/a> that the proposed rule “will reduce the Nation’s ability to implement strategies intended to reduce unwanted wildfire effects on communities and wildlands, including barriers to increasing the pace and scale of prescribed burning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976585\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1998px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1976585\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f.jpg\" alt=\"A firefighter lights a prescribed burn in Humboldt County to reduce the underbrush without killing trees.\" width=\"1998\" height=\"1499\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f.jpg 1998w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1998px) 100vw, 1998px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prescribed burns, like this one in Humboldt County, reduce the underbrush without destroying trees. \u003ccite>(Lenya Quinn-Davidson/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A large group of fire specialists, including professors, cultural burners and ecologists, wrote in a comment letter to the EPA that its plan “would put the EPA on the wrong side of policies and actions planned by federal, state, local and Tribal entities to address the wildfire crisis and ultimately, to reduce harmful PM2.5 emissions and impacts by reducing wildfire smoke.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smoke from prescribed fires is less intense and less damaging than smoke from wildfires. Many scientists view it as \u003ca href=\"https://www.lung.org/policy-advocacy/healthy-air-campaign/prescribed-fire-report#:~:text=Prescribed%20burns%20can%20be%20used,supporting%20ecosystem%20health%20and%20resiliency.\">a protective trade-off\u003c/a> — some pollution now in exchange for greater fire safety (and less pollution) in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Air districts supportive, with qualifications\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Both the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/news/carb-statement-us-epa-proposal-strengthen-health-based-standards-fine-particulate-matter\">California Air Resources Board\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/communications-and-outreach/publications/news-releases/2023/pmnaaqs_230105_2023_001-pdf.pdf?la=en\">Bay Area Air Quality Management District (PDF)\u003c/a> have submitted comments supporting a tightening of the PM 2.5 standard. In interviews with KQED, regulators from both organizations also expressed support for prescribed burning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charles Knoderer, meteorologist at BAAQMD, said that the air district views prescribed burning as a partner and ally in lowering the risk of wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can control when they’re doing the burning and we can minimize the amount of smoke that’s released,” he said. “Wildfires will put out a ton more smoke, and at that point there’s really no controlling it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Bay Area nor California air regulators seem to share the worries of the fire community that the EPA will hamper the increased use of prescribed fire, however.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘We can control when they’re doing the burning and we can minimize the amount of smoke that’s released. Wildfires will put out a ton more smoke, and at that point there’s really no controlling it.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"left","citation":"Charles Knoderer, meteorologist, Bay Area Air Quality Management District","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Edie Chang, deputy executive officer at CARB, said her agency has heard from the prescribed-fire community and has brought up the issue in comments to the EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to see how we can streamline or make suggestions for how EPA might modify their policies or their guidance to help us be able to balance the increased use of prescribed fire that we need for forest management, for managing and reducing the catastrophic wildfires that we experience in California,” said Chang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She expressed hope that the rule’s implementation phase, which it now heads into, would be the time for nitty-gritty details to be worked out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though they can be expunged from the data, residents are still feeling [the effects of wildfire] very much so,” said Amsalem, of the Central California Environmental Justice Network. She hopes agencies will work out this issue, she said, “because we do need to do more prescribed burning to reduce the catastrophic events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>EPA’s proposed workaround leaves burners skeptical\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The EPA also seems aware of these concerns. In its proposed rule, it says it acknowledges stakeholder concerns about the importance of prescribed fire and intends to work with stakeholders to address these issues. It also says \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2019-08/documents/ee_prescribed_fire_final_guidance_-_august_2019.pdf\">prescribed fires have the potential to qualify for exceptional events (PDF)\u003c/a>, which could encourage their continued and expanded use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, this has environmental lawyers very concerned. Sara Clark of the law firm Shute, Mihaly and Weinberger works with nonprofit organizations and supports prescribed fire and Indigenous cultural burners. She thinks the EPA’s reasoning as written might not hold up under a judge’s evaluation.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More Stories ","tag":"prescribed-burning"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“[The EPA] does a lot of linguistic acrobatics to try and clarify how a prescribed fire is … not reasonably preventable or controllable. But it’s called a ‘controlled burn,’” said Clark. “I’m concerned about the legal underpinnings there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also believes that the time and technical expertise needed to file for an exceptional event exemption would make air regulators wary of using it. Extensive documentation and analysis is needed to submit for an exceptional events determination from CARB or the EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent Government Accountability Office report echoes these concerns. The report says \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-23-104723.pdf\">the EPA could do a better job working with other agencies to reduce impacts from wildfires (PDF)\u003c/a>, including making it easier to conduct prescribed fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stakeholders interviewed by the GAO said that state and local agencies aren’t likely to use the exceptional events provision for prescribed burns because “the agencies would not likely approve prescribed burns that could cause National Ambient Air Quality Standards exceedances in the first place.” And they said that “exceptional event demonstrations are technically complicated and resource intensive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Put another way, it’s more likely that prescribed burns would never happen if air regulators thought they might have to file for an exceptional event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is also legally uncharted, or nearly uncharted, territory. \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-23-104723.pdf\">The EPA has received only one exceptional events demonstration for a prescribed burn (PDF)\u003c/a> — too much ozone was associated with prescribed burns in the Flint Hills of Kansas in December 2012. But since then, no tribal, state or local agency has submitted an exceptional event demonstration for a prescribed burn, according to EPA officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Should wildfires be considered exceptional?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The EPA’s proposed rule is based in part on the recommendations of the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee, a collection of public health experts. In their \u003ca href=\"https://www.lawandenvironment.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2022/03/casac-review-of-the-epas-policy-assessment-for-the-reconsideration-of-the-national-ambient-air-quality-standards-for-particulate-matter-external-review-draft-october-2021.pdf?utm_source=mondaq&utm_medium=syndication&utm_content=inarticlelink&utm_campaign=article\">letter sent last spring to EPA administrator Michael Regan (PDF)\u003c/a>, they questioned whether even wildfires ought to be routinely considered exceptional events, considering they are the result of human-caused climate change, fire suppression and forest management policies and, often, problems with equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In some parts of the country, wildfires are no longer ‘exceptional’ The dramatic increase in wildfires over the last decade is not natural,” the authors write, pointing to forest management, climate change and utility power lines. “These are (in theory) at least partially controllable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In UC Berkeley’s Stephens’ view, the rule as proposed is an unacceptable passing of the buck.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘If you do proactive work like prescribed burning, you have to justify it through a rule that is onerous. But if a wildfire is occurring, causing damage to people, burning down homes, no one’s accountable. I just don’t see how that can work.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"left","citation":"Scott Stephens, fire science professor, UC Berkeley","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“If you do proactive work like prescribed burning, you have to justify it through a rule that is onerous,” he said. “But if a wildfire is occurring, causing damage to people, burning down homes, no one’s accountable. I just don’t see how that can work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, for those affected by the worst air quality in the state, pollution is damaging whether it’s from a diesel engine, a prescribed fire or a catastrophic wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people interviewed for this story said they hope that as the EPA decides how to implement the rule over the course of this year, it will find a route that both protects public health from human-made sources like smokestacks and tailpipes and encourages proactive wildfire protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The key decision is going to be what happens in the U.S. EPA, PM 2.5 rulemaking. It’s really going to set the course for what is allowed or not allowed on the part of air districts over the next five to 10 years,” said Stanford’s Wara. He hopes for a path that can support both priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But if we just act as if it’s the year 2000 or sometime in the 1990s or even 1970 and the U.S. Forest Service reigned supreme over wildfire in the West?” he said. “We are not going to get this outcome.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1982166/the-epa-wants-cleaner-air-but-fire-experts-worry-new-rule-risks-making-it-worse","authors":["11088"],"categories":["science_31","science_39","science_40","science_4450","science_3730"],"tags":["science_524","science_2080","science_4414","science_959","science_113"],"featImg":"science_1982200","label":"science"},"science_1979779":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1979779","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1979779","score":null,"sort":[1656629681000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-climate-rules-wont-be-undercut-by-supreme-courts-ruling-experts-say","title":"California Climate Rules Won't Be Undercut by Supreme Court's Ruling, Experts Say","publishDate":1656629681,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Climate Rules Won’t Be Undercut by Supreme Court’s Ruling, Experts Say | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/20-1530_n758.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. Supreme Court’s decision on Thursday to drastically limit the power of the federal Environmental Protection Agency to regulate planet-warming emissions\u003c/a> upsets environmentalists, but experts say it doesn’t necessarily pose a threat to California’s ability to maintain its own stringent greenhouse gas reduction rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 6-3 vote in the West Virginia v. EPA decision marks a significant change in how the federal EPA can exercise power to address climate change, making it clear that without approval from Congress, the agency is limited in how it can set national standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bigger question now is how the ruling could affect the control all federal agencies have in imposing regulations and how states like California — which have historically taken a stronger approach to tackling climate change — could be affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Air Resources Board, which oversees the state’s efforts to reduce air pollution, told CalMatters the agency agrees that the state’s policies and regulatory agencies now play an even more critical role in the fight against climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several experts say the ruling would not hinder the state’s efforts. Still, California’s efforts alone can’t solve a global problem, said attorney Sean Donahue, whose firm, Donahue, Goldberg & Littleton, wrote a brief in the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has its own state laws that are regulating carbon dioxide emissions, so in that respect, it matters less to California directly,” Donahue said. “However, we’re all affected by climate change. California is doing a lot to try to reduce its own emissions, but we won’t have a safe climate unless everybody pitches in, and the federal government’s efforts are really important there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s authority to independently set stronger tailpipe emissions standards than those of the federal government was granted half a century ago, when Congress passed \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/evolution-clean-air-act\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the Clean Air Act in 1970\u003c/a>. The law included special conditions for California to help the state address its severe smog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some experts worry that Thursday’s ruling could lead federal agencies to take a more cautious and less effective approach to addressing major threats to public health and safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The opinion takes away one of the EPA’s tools to address climate change going forward,” said UCLA law professor Blake Emerson. “But the broader significance is that it’s going to provide a precedent for both the Supreme Court itself and the lower courts to strike down federal regulations, both with regards to the environment and with regards to market regulation and public health and safety if those courts think that the agency has taken a really major policy position.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Climate Change Coverage' tag='climate-change']Cara Horowitz, co-executive director of the Emmett Institute on Climate Change and the Environment at UCLA School of Law, agreed, adding that “regulations that affect significant swaths of the economy that are not explicitly authorized by Congress with very specific and clear statutory language, are especially vulnerable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several state leaders on Thursday maintained that California would continue to lead the nation in setting its own rules to reduce emissions, affirming that the ruling would not impede the state’s efforts to combat climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today’s ruling makes it even more imperative that California and other states succeed in our efforts to combat the climate crisis,” Gov. Gavin Newsom said in a statement. “California will remain the tentpole for this movement with record investments and aggressive policies to reduce pollution, to protect people from extreme weather, and to leave our children and grandchildren a world that’s better off than we found it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney General Rob Bonta called the Supreme Court’s decision “misguided and gravely disappointing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are running out of time in the fight against climate change, and we need all levels of government working together to take action before it’s too late,” he said in a statement.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>“In California, we have strong programs in place to address climate change, and we will not go backwards. With the future of our planet at stake, our commitment to tackling the climate crisis cannot waver.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The US Supreme Court's decision to limit federal environmental protection rules will have little to no effect on California's carbon-reduction policies, according to experts — and state leaders say they are doubling down on their climate commitment.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846242,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":731},"headData":{"title":"California Climate Rules Won't Be Undercut by Supreme Court's Ruling, Experts Say | KQED","description":"The US Supreme Court's decision to limit federal environmental protection rules will have little to no effect on California's carbon-reduction policies, according to experts — and state leaders say they are doubling down on their climate commitment.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California Climate Rules Won't Be Undercut by Supreme Court's Ruling, Experts Say","datePublished":"2022-06-30T22:54:41.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:24:02.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"CalMatters","sourceUrl":"https://calmatters.org/","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Nadia Lopez \u003cbr />CalMatters\u003cbr>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/science/1979779/california-climate-rules-wont-be-undercut-by-supreme-courts-ruling-experts-say","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/20-1530_n758.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. Supreme Court’s decision on Thursday to drastically limit the power of the federal Environmental Protection Agency to regulate planet-warming emissions\u003c/a> upsets environmentalists, but experts say it doesn’t necessarily pose a threat to California’s ability to maintain its own stringent greenhouse gas reduction rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 6-3 vote in the West Virginia v. EPA decision marks a significant change in how the federal EPA can exercise power to address climate change, making it clear that without approval from Congress, the agency is limited in how it can set national standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bigger question now is how the ruling could affect the control all federal agencies have in imposing regulations and how states like California — which have historically taken a stronger approach to tackling climate change — could be affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Air Resources Board, which oversees the state’s efforts to reduce air pollution, told CalMatters the agency agrees that the state’s policies and regulatory agencies now play an even more critical role in the fight against climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several experts say the ruling would not hinder the state’s efforts. Still, California’s efforts alone can’t solve a global problem, said attorney Sean Donahue, whose firm, Donahue, Goldberg & Littleton, wrote a brief in the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has its own state laws that are regulating carbon dioxide emissions, so in that respect, it matters less to California directly,” Donahue said. “However, we’re all affected by climate change. California is doing a lot to try to reduce its own emissions, but we won’t have a safe climate unless everybody pitches in, and the federal government’s efforts are really important there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s authority to independently set stronger tailpipe emissions standards than those of the federal government was granted half a century ago, when Congress passed \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/evolution-clean-air-act\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the Clean Air Act in 1970\u003c/a>. The law included special conditions for California to help the state address its severe smog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some experts worry that Thursday’s ruling could lead federal agencies to take a more cautious and less effective approach to addressing major threats to public health and safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The opinion takes away one of the EPA’s tools to address climate change going forward,” said UCLA law professor Blake Emerson. “But the broader significance is that it’s going to provide a precedent for both the Supreme Court itself and the lower courts to strike down federal regulations, both with regards to the environment and with regards to market regulation and public health and safety if those courts think that the agency has taken a really major policy position.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Climate Change Coverage ","tag":"climate-change"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Cara Horowitz, co-executive director of the Emmett Institute on Climate Change and the Environment at UCLA School of Law, agreed, adding that “regulations that affect significant swaths of the economy that are not explicitly authorized by Congress with very specific and clear statutory language, are especially vulnerable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several state leaders on Thursday maintained that California would continue to lead the nation in setting its own rules to reduce emissions, affirming that the ruling would not impede the state’s efforts to combat climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today’s ruling makes it even more imperative that California and other states succeed in our efforts to combat the climate crisis,” Gov. Gavin Newsom said in a statement. “California will remain the tentpole for this movement with record investments and aggressive policies to reduce pollution, to protect people from extreme weather, and to leave our children and grandchildren a world that’s better off than we found it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney General Rob Bonta called the Supreme Court’s decision “misguided and gravely disappointing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are running out of time in the fight against climate change, and we need all levels of government working together to take action before it’s too late,” he said in a statement.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>“In California, we have strong programs in place to address climate change, and we will not go backwards. With the future of our planet at stake, our commitment to tackling the climate crisis cannot waver.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1979779/california-climate-rules-wont-be-undercut-by-supreme-courts-ruling-experts-say","authors":["byline_science_1979779"],"categories":["science_31","science_33","science_35","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_194","science_2080","science_2164"],"featImg":"science_1979784","label":"source_science_1979779"},"science_1978716":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1978716","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1978716","score":null,"sort":[1646865211000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-can-once-again-set-its-own-car-emissions-standards","title":"California Can Once Again Set Its Own Car Emissions Standards","publishDate":1646865211,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Can Once Again Set Its Own Car Emissions Standards | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp class=\"p1\">No surprise, but now it’s official: The Environmental Protection Agency announced today it has restored California’s authority to set tailpipe emissions standards more strict than the federal government’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move allows California to once again set its own strict clean car rules, something the state had done for nearly a half century in an effort to combat smog and, more recently, fight climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA announcement is a reversal of a contentious decision by the Trump administration to revoke the waiver, which teed off years of fighting and lawsuits between the country’s top environmental agency and the leaders of its most populous state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration said in a press release that Trump’s policy was “decided in error” and is now “entirely rescinded.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our partnership with states to confront the climate crisis has never been more important,” said EPA Administrator Michael Regan in a statement, adding that the action would “advance clean technologies and cut air pollution for people not just in California, but for the U.S. as a whole.”\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The transportation sector is the largest single source of greenhouse gas emissions in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Gov. Gavin Newsom called it “a major victory for the environment, our economy, and the health of families across the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/mslianeran/status/1501640062731120641?s=20&t=9yR3gRqc1DuELbbJX_oFtg\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the Clean Air Act passed in 1970, California has sought and obtained dozens of waivers that provide the state special authority to set tailpipe emissions standards for cars and trucks more stringent than those adopted federally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2022-01/177_states_12062021_nada_sales.pdf\">The District of Columbia and 15 other states\u003c/a> have adopted California’s strict emissions standards, momentum that steered the U.S. car market overall toward cleaner cars. Now that California’s waiver has been restored, other states can once again choose to adopt these more stringent standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But much has changed in the few years since the Trump administration moved to pull California’s waiver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Notably, Newsom issued an \u003cspan class=\"s1\">executive order\u003c/span> requiring that \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2020/09/23/governor-newsom-announces-california-will-phase-out-gasoline-powered-cars-drastically-reduce-demand-for-fossil-fuel-in-californias-fight-against-climate-change/\">all new cars sold in California after 2035 must be electric\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following that announcement, major carmakers committed \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/01/02/1069739399/2022-is-promising-to-be-big-year-for-electric-vehicles\">billions of dollars in \u003cspan class=\"s1\">investments\u003c/span> in new electric car models\u003c/a>, and President Biden set the goal of 50% clean car sales by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California getting its waiver back sends a signal that the federal government is counting on innovation at the state level, said \u003ca href=\"https://erg.berkeley.edu/people/kammen-daniel-m/\">Dan Kammen\u003c/a>, who directs a \u003ca href=\"https://rael.berkeley.edu/\">renewable energy lab\u003c/a> at UC Berkeley and advises the Biden administration on energy and international development issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb data-stringify-type=\"bold\">“\u003c/b>California has traditionally been that leader, but we need more,” he said. “We need more creative policies to build the market and to build energy justice into those markets, so that would reach more people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/lsanchez020\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Lauren Sanchez\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, Newsom’s senior adviser on climate, said during an \u003ca href=\"https://www.veloz.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/220224_March-Summit-Agenda_FINAL.pdf?mc_cid=6b887d011c&mc_eid\">electric vehicle \u003cspan class=\"s1\">summit\u003c/span>\u003c/a> this morning that California’s electric vehicle policies created “the market and will continue to drive it globally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Omar Vargas, head of global policy for GM, said in an emailed statement that the company is “proud to share California’s vision of an all-electric future with zero emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe everyone should have access to affordable, long-range electric vehicle options, and we are committed to working in collaboration with California to achieve an equitable transportation future,” he said. “We’re all in on putting everybody in an EV.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, a coalition group of health, labor and justice organizations thinks the state can be moving even faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after the EPA’s announcement, the American Lung Association in California, IBEW Local 569, the Greenlining Institute, the Union of Concerned Scientists and others called on California to set even stronger electric vehicle sales targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with California and the U.S. government charging toward an electric vehicle future, and major automakers like GM, Ford, Honda, and Volvo\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/01/02/1069739399/2022-is-promising-to-be-big-year-for-electric-vehicles\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">investing\u003c/span> billions into new electric models\u003c/a>, California’s waiver continues to be important, said Richard Frank, director of the California Environmental Law and Policy Center at UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“While we are in the process of seeing a transition from fossil fuel vehicles to electric vehicles, that transition is going to take a considerable amount of time,” he said. “California has adopted an ambitious timeline for that transition. But it will take a while. And the state has a huge number of vehicles on the road, including personal vehicles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever California can do to limit the greenhouse gas emissions from cars and trucks is “important and indeed critical” to the state reaching its climate targets, Frank said.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"EPA officials reversed a decision made by the Trump administration to revoke California's authority over tailpipe emissions, saying it had been 'decided in error.'","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846304,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":797},"headData":{"title":"California Can Once Again Set Its Own Car Emissions Standards | KQED","description":"EPA officials reversed a decision made by the Trump administration to revoke California's authority over tailpipe emissions, saying it had been 'decided in error.'","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California Can Once Again Set Its Own Car Emissions Standards","datePublished":"2022-03-09T22:33:31.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:25:04.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Climate Change","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/science/1978716/california-can-once-again-set-its-own-car-emissions-standards","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">No surprise, but now it’s official: The Environmental Protection Agency announced today it has restored California’s authority to set tailpipe emissions standards more strict than the federal government’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move allows California to once again set its own strict clean car rules, something the state had done for nearly a half century in an effort to combat smog and, more recently, fight climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA announcement is a reversal of a contentious decision by the Trump administration to revoke the waiver, which teed off years of fighting and lawsuits between the country’s top environmental agency and the leaders of its most populous state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration said in a press release that Trump’s policy was “decided in error” and is now “entirely rescinded.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our partnership with states to confront the climate crisis has never been more important,” said EPA Administrator Michael Regan in a statement, adding that the action would “advance clean technologies and cut air pollution for people not just in California, but for the U.S. as a whole.”\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The transportation sector is the largest single source of greenhouse gas emissions in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Gov. Gavin Newsom called it “a major victory for the environment, our economy, and the health of families across the country.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1501640062731120641"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Since the Clean Air Act passed in 1970, California has sought and obtained dozens of waivers that provide the state special authority to set tailpipe emissions standards for cars and trucks more stringent than those adopted federally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2022-01/177_states_12062021_nada_sales.pdf\">The District of Columbia and 15 other states\u003c/a> have adopted California’s strict emissions standards, momentum that steered the U.S. car market overall toward cleaner cars. Now that California’s waiver has been restored, other states can once again choose to adopt these more stringent standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But much has changed in the few years since the Trump administration moved to pull California’s waiver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Notably, Newsom issued an \u003cspan class=\"s1\">executive order\u003c/span> requiring that \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2020/09/23/governor-newsom-announces-california-will-phase-out-gasoline-powered-cars-drastically-reduce-demand-for-fossil-fuel-in-californias-fight-against-climate-change/\">all new cars sold in California after 2035 must be electric\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following that announcement, major carmakers committed \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/01/02/1069739399/2022-is-promising-to-be-big-year-for-electric-vehicles\">billions of dollars in \u003cspan class=\"s1\">investments\u003c/span> in new electric car models\u003c/a>, and President Biden set the goal of 50% clean car sales by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California getting its waiver back sends a signal that the federal government is counting on innovation at the state level, said \u003ca href=\"https://erg.berkeley.edu/people/kammen-daniel-m/\">Dan Kammen\u003c/a>, who directs a \u003ca href=\"https://rael.berkeley.edu/\">renewable energy lab\u003c/a> at UC Berkeley and advises the Biden administration on energy and international development issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb data-stringify-type=\"bold\">“\u003c/b>California has traditionally been that leader, but we need more,” he said. “We need more creative policies to build the market and to build energy justice into those markets, so that would reach more people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/lsanchez020\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Lauren Sanchez\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, Newsom’s senior adviser on climate, said during an \u003ca href=\"https://www.veloz.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/220224_March-Summit-Agenda_FINAL.pdf?mc_cid=6b887d011c&mc_eid\">electric vehicle \u003cspan class=\"s1\">summit\u003c/span>\u003c/a> this morning that California’s electric vehicle policies created “the market and will continue to drive it globally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Omar Vargas, head of global policy for GM, said in an emailed statement that the company is “proud to share California’s vision of an all-electric future with zero emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe everyone should have access to affordable, long-range electric vehicle options, and we are committed to working in collaboration with California to achieve an equitable transportation future,” he said. “We’re all in on putting everybody in an EV.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, a coalition group of health, labor and justice organizations thinks the state can be moving even faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after the EPA’s announcement, the American Lung Association in California, IBEW Local 569, the Greenlining Institute, the Union of Concerned Scientists and others called on California to set even stronger electric vehicle sales targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with California and the U.S. government charging toward an electric vehicle future, and major automakers like GM, Ford, Honda, and Volvo\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/01/02/1069739399/2022-is-promising-to-be-big-year-for-electric-vehicles\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">investing\u003c/span> billions into new electric models\u003c/a>, California’s waiver continues to be important, said Richard Frank, director of the California Environmental Law and Policy Center at UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“While we are in the process of seeing a transition from fossil fuel vehicles to electric vehicles, that transition is going to take a considerable amount of time,” he said. “California has adopted an ambitious timeline for that transition. But it will take a while. And the state has a huge number of vehicles on the road, including personal vehicles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever California can do to limit the greenhouse gas emissions from cars and trucks is “important and indeed critical” to the state reaching its climate targets, Frank said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1978716/california-can-once-again-set-its-own-car-emissions-standards","authors":["11608"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_194","science_2080","science_4414"],"featImg":"science_1978717","label":"source_science_1978716"},"science_1971853":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1971853","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1971853","score":null,"sort":[1608585723000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"mary-nichols-californias-great-environmental-warrior-did-not-fight-the-right-battles-to-some","title":"Mary Nichols, California's Great Environmental Warrior, Did Not Fight the Right Battles for Some","publishDate":1608585723,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Mary Nichols, California’s Great Environmental Warrior, Did Not Fight the Right Battles for Some | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Arguably the country’s most experienced environmental official, Nichols was originally considered to be Biden’s top pick to lead the EPA. But after a complaint from environmental justice groups, she faded as a candidate.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">California Air Resources Board Chair Mary Nichols, who would be considered an environmental radical in many states of the union, saw her candidacy to head the Environmental Protection Agency collapse not from the right, but the left, after a group of environmental justice advocates spoke out against her selection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">In \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1971774/biden-taps-north-carolina-environmental-official-to-run-epa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">choosing \u003c/span>\u003c/a> Michael Regan, North Carolina’s top environmental regular, to lead the EPA, President-Elect Joe Biden passed over Nichols, who will leave CARB at the end of the month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Arguably the country’s most experienced environmental official, Nichols was originally considered to be Biden’s top pick to run the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1971416/california-environmental-groups-tell-biden-not-to-pick-mary-nichols-for-epa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">letter\u003c/span>\u003c/a> from a coalition of California environmental justice leaders asking Biden’s transition team not to pick Nichols is what \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/17/climate/michael-regan-epa.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">reportedly\u003c/span>\u003c/a> tanked her nomination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The groups effectively reduced Nichols’ career to two perceived faults: her track record on addressing environmental racism, which they called “bleak,” and her ideological bent toward market-based policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the letter, the advocacy groups skewered California’s signature cap-and-trade policy for “further exacerbat[ing] pollution hotspots.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During Ms. Nichols’ tenure as Chair of CARB, she has staunchly pursued and defended carbon trading, while minimizing state policies that required direct emission reductions and other climate policy implementing programs that benefit environmental justice communities,” they wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The New York Times \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/17/climate/michael-regan-epa.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">reported\u003c/span>\u003c/a> the president-elect preferred Nichols, but was caught off guard by the intense criticism of the impact on poor communities from the cap-and-trade policies she helped design.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a tweet, Nichols offered her \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MaryNicholsCA/status/1339738544110112768\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">support\u003c/a> to Regan, who made a name pursuing cleanups of industrial toxic substances and helping low-income and minority communities hit hardest by pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Transforming CARB\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over a four-decade career as one of the nation’s preeminent climate regulators, Nichols, who declined to be interviewed for this story, oversaw some of the strongest industrial regulations and most innovative environmental programs in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Next week she will end her second tour as chair of CARB, a position she’s held since 2007 after her appointment by Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During her tenure, she transformed the board from a subsidiary branch of the state’s environmental agency into a vanguard of climate change policy, banking more political clout in the world of environmental regulations than\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>wielded by many governors and senators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">In recent years, CARB operated as a powerful entity, sometimes to the frustration of the state’s elected leaders. Nichols is widely respected at the agency and among the state’s climate wonks, who praise her for her ability to work with a broad array of industry groups, policymakers and scientists to generate results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mary operates with a mix of intellect, experience, and a fierceness that is often wrapped in a velvet glove,” said John Balmes, an air board member who served with Nichols for more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She knows her stuff,” said John Gioia, another board member from Contra Costa County. “In this field, knowledge counts. Because you can fight misinformation with accurate information. Mary knows how to work with industry and stand up to industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">During the past decade, with Nichols serving as the state’s top air regulator, California cut back emissions of planet-warming gases to 1990 levels, an official climate goal the state leaped past in 2016, four years ahead of schedule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">California also set strict limits on industrial pollution and established a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/low-carbon-fuel-standard/about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">low-carbon fuel standard\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most recently, Nichols served as one of the principals in the state’s legal disputes with the Trump administration over climate and environmental policy. When President Trump sought to relax federal standards and revoke California’s waiver to set its own clean car rules, Nichols helped secure a commitment from five major automakers to follow California’s latest standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many environmentalists credit Nichols with outflanking Trump on the issue and are hopeful California’s agreement with the companies will be adopted as a federal standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California’s deal with the car companies is certainly a marker that people can use as a starting point to negotiate a single national rule,” said David Pettit, a senior climate attorney with the Natural Resources Defense Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, dry lightning storms sparked hundreds of wildfires that ripped across the state, blanketing the entire I-5 corridor from Seattle to San Diego in smoke and forcing millions of Californians to stay indoors for weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the public’s attention focused on the impacts of climate change, Gov. Gavin Newsom asked Nichols for policy ideas to accelerate the state’s transition away from fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nichols’ team already had a state \u003cspan class=\"s1\">ban\u003c/span> on the sale of new gasoline cars in the works, the language of which she happily provided to Newsom. He quickly \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1969807/california-to-halt-sales-of-new-gas-cars-by-2035\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">issued\u003c/a> an executive order making the policy official.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, Nichols \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1970449/nichols-devastating-wildfires-strengthened-support-for-ambitious-climate-agenda\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">said\u003c/span>\u003c/a> a major lesson of the wildfire-intensive year is that California needs to “be all in on eliminating all the sources of pollution” and improve “the ability of our natural environment to be able to store and sequester carbon, as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Support From Arnold and Jerry\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\nAs the transition team looked past Nichols, state leaders and California environmentalists kept pushing for her anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">After news outlets reported Biden’s team was looking for a candidate to replace Nichols, Schwarzenegger vouched for her during an online celebration of her career. The former governor said she did “an extraordinary job” in California and called her “a straight 10.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Schwarzenegger, who once referred to Nichols as an “Alabama tick” — a creature difficult to get rid of once it’s fastened on to you — said the only “reason that is excusable for you to leave [CARB] is if you go to some higher position, which is to run the EPA in Washington.” He added that he was “pushing for that with everyone that I know.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with KQED, Jerry Brown said Nichols possesses a “unique package that is equaled nowhere else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole list of factors that go into regulating climate change are matters that Mary Nichols, unlike few people in America, have had firsthand extensive knowledge,” Brown said. “And not just during the last 10 years, but stretching back to my first term as governor in the 1970s.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Between stints leading CARB, Nichols served as a deputy administrator for the EPA under President Bill Clinton. She was also a founding attorney for the Natural Resources Defense Council’s Los Angeles bureau.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/greenlawchina/status/1338919811162619904?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sunk by Cap-and-Trade\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The California cap-and-trade system that Nichols is associated with aims to fight climate change by setting limits on industry emissions of greenhouse gases and allowing businesses to buy and sell credits at quarterly state-sponsored auctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Businesses have generally supported this policy as an alternative to strict industrial regulations or a straight carbon tax, which are preferred by progressive environmentalists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwarzenegger wouldn’t even allow discussion of a price on carbon, according to Balmes, who served on the board back then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was literally against the rules,” he said. “Brown let us talk about it. But cap-and-trade had already been what California had committed to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cap-and-trade allows industry to burn fossil fuels by paying others to reduce their own pollution, a trade-off known as “offsets” that are meant to reduce the overall carbon emitted into the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some researchers who have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1946804/researchers-press-california-to-strengthen-landmark-climate-law\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">examined\u003c/span>\u003c/a> the program found that California’s cap-and-trade program is not reducing emissions, and one \u003ca href=\"https://dornsife.usc.edu/pere/journal-enviro-equity-cap-trade-2018/\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a> found that the policy has not produced any “improvements in environmental equity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s air board vehemently defends cap-and-trade as an effective way to drive emissions down while generating money the state uses to fund other environmental programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The auctions have raised $13.6 billion with more than 50% of investments benefiting California’s most disadvantaged communities, according to CARB.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What’s Next for California Climate Policy? \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">With the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1971608/newsom-appoints-longtime-regulator-to-replace-nichols-as-top-calif-air-official\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">appointment\u003c/a> of \u003c/span>Liane Randolph, a former regulator at the California Public Utilities Commission, to replace Nichols, Newsom\u003cbr>\ncould potentially shift the state away from cap-and-trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/MaryNicholsCA/status/1337522436829376513?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s picking a behind-the-scenes government regulator to replace a dominant and high-profile personality like Nichols could signal he wants to elevate the work of the entire board to stand out from that of its chair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">One outstanding question about the post-Mary Nichols era in California: Did her power come from her position as the top climate regulator in the country’s most populous and economically powerful state, or was her position powerful because of some particular mastery?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the same environmental justice groups who sank Nichols do not appear to be enthralled with Biden’s ultimate choice of Regan, who was not on their suggested list of alternatives. After Regan’s candidacy was announced, the groups issued a less than enthusiastic statement congratulating him, but also referencing several groups who “worked tirelessly to protect their land, water, air, and people from pipelines, logging, and toxic waste disposal in North Carolina, and experienced harm from Regan’s decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement said the organizations “appreciate that the Biden-Harris Administration took seriously their concerns” and hope Regan “will show courage and advance a transformational vision in standing up to big polluters and repair the harm they’ve done to communities in North Carolina and across the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More mainstream environmental groups are \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/states/california/story/2020/12/17/california-environmentalists-quietly-angry-at-activists-over-nichols-losing-epa-job-1348317\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">reportedly \u003c/span>\u003c/a>seething over the activists’ letter and its successful torpedoing of Nichols’ nomination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Arguably the country’s most experienced environmental official, Nichols was originally considered to be Biden’s top pick to lead the EPA. But complaints from environmental justice groups seemed to derail her nomination.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846862,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":35,"wordCount":1720},"headData":{"title":"Mary Nichols, California's Great Environmental Warrior, Did Not Fight the Right Battles for Some | KQED","description":"Arguably the country’s most experienced environmental official, Nichols was originally considered to be Biden’s top pick to lead the EPA. But complaints from environmental justice groups seemed to derail her nomination.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Mary Nichols, California's Great Environmental Warrior, Did Not Fight the Right Battles for Some","datePublished":"2020-12-21T21:22:03.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:34:22.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Climate Change","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1971853/mary-nichols-californias-great-environmental-warrior-did-not-fight-the-right-battles-to-some","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Arguably the country’s most experienced environmental official, Nichols was originally considered to be Biden’s top pick to lead the EPA. But after a complaint from environmental justice groups, she faded as a candidate.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">California Air Resources Board Chair Mary Nichols, who would be considered an environmental radical in many states of the union, saw her candidacy to head the Environmental Protection Agency collapse not from the right, but the left, after a group of environmental justice advocates spoke out against her selection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">In \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1971774/biden-taps-north-carolina-environmental-official-to-run-epa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">choosing \u003c/span>\u003c/a> Michael Regan, North Carolina’s top environmental regular, to lead the EPA, President-Elect Joe Biden passed over Nichols, who will leave CARB at the end of the month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Arguably the country’s most experienced environmental official, Nichols was originally considered to be Biden’s top pick to run the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1971416/california-environmental-groups-tell-biden-not-to-pick-mary-nichols-for-epa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">letter\u003c/span>\u003c/a> from a coalition of California environmental justice leaders asking Biden’s transition team not to pick Nichols is what \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/17/climate/michael-regan-epa.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">reportedly\u003c/span>\u003c/a> tanked her nomination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The groups effectively reduced Nichols’ career to two perceived faults: her track record on addressing environmental racism, which they called “bleak,” and her ideological bent toward market-based policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the letter, the advocacy groups skewered California’s signature cap-and-trade policy for “further exacerbat[ing] pollution hotspots.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During Ms. Nichols’ tenure as Chair of CARB, she has staunchly pursued and defended carbon trading, while minimizing state policies that required direct emission reductions and other climate policy implementing programs that benefit environmental justice communities,” they wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The New York Times \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/17/climate/michael-regan-epa.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">reported\u003c/span>\u003c/a> the president-elect preferred Nichols, but was caught off guard by the intense criticism of the impact on poor communities from the cap-and-trade policies she helped design.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a tweet, Nichols offered her \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MaryNicholsCA/status/1339738544110112768\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">support\u003c/a> to Regan, who made a name pursuing cleanups of industrial toxic substances and helping low-income and minority communities hit hardest by pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Transforming CARB\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over a four-decade career as one of the nation’s preeminent climate regulators, Nichols, who declined to be interviewed for this story, oversaw some of the strongest industrial regulations and most innovative environmental programs in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Next week she will end her second tour as chair of CARB, a position she’s held since 2007 after her appointment by Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During her tenure, she transformed the board from a subsidiary branch of the state’s environmental agency into a vanguard of climate change policy, banking more political clout in the world of environmental regulations than\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>wielded by many governors and senators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">In recent years, CARB operated as a powerful entity, sometimes to the frustration of the state’s elected leaders. Nichols is widely respected at the agency and among the state’s climate wonks, who praise her for her ability to work with a broad array of industry groups, policymakers and scientists to generate results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mary operates with a mix of intellect, experience, and a fierceness that is often wrapped in a velvet glove,” said John Balmes, an air board member who served with Nichols for more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She knows her stuff,” said John Gioia, another board member from Contra Costa County. “In this field, knowledge counts. Because you can fight misinformation with accurate information. Mary knows how to work with industry and stand up to industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">During the past decade, with Nichols serving as the state’s top air regulator, California cut back emissions of planet-warming gases to 1990 levels, an official climate goal the state leaped past in 2016, four years ahead of schedule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">California also set strict limits on industrial pollution and established a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/low-carbon-fuel-standard/about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">low-carbon fuel standard\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most recently, Nichols served as one of the principals in the state’s legal disputes with the Trump administration over climate and environmental policy. When President Trump sought to relax federal standards and revoke California’s waiver to set its own clean car rules, Nichols helped secure a commitment from five major automakers to follow California’s latest standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many environmentalists credit Nichols with outflanking Trump on the issue and are hopeful California’s agreement with the companies will be adopted as a federal standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California’s deal with the car companies is certainly a marker that people can use as a starting point to negotiate a single national rule,” said David Pettit, a senior climate attorney with the Natural Resources Defense Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, dry lightning storms sparked hundreds of wildfires that ripped across the state, blanketing the entire I-5 corridor from Seattle to San Diego in smoke and forcing millions of Californians to stay indoors for weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the public’s attention focused on the impacts of climate change, Gov. Gavin Newsom asked Nichols for policy ideas to accelerate the state’s transition away from fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nichols’ team already had a state \u003cspan class=\"s1\">ban\u003c/span> on the sale of new gasoline cars in the works, the language of which she happily provided to Newsom. He quickly \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1969807/california-to-halt-sales-of-new-gas-cars-by-2035\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">issued\u003c/a> an executive order making the policy official.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, Nichols \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1970449/nichols-devastating-wildfires-strengthened-support-for-ambitious-climate-agenda\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">said\u003c/span>\u003c/a> a major lesson of the wildfire-intensive year is that California needs to “be all in on eliminating all the sources of pollution” and improve “the ability of our natural environment to be able to store and sequester carbon, as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Support From Arnold and Jerry\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\nAs the transition team looked past Nichols, state leaders and California environmentalists kept pushing for her anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">After news outlets reported Biden’s team was looking for a candidate to replace Nichols, Schwarzenegger vouched for her during an online celebration of her career. The former governor said she did “an extraordinary job” in California and called her “a straight 10.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Schwarzenegger, who once referred to Nichols as an “Alabama tick” — a creature difficult to get rid of once it’s fastened on to you — said the only “reason that is excusable for you to leave [CARB] is if you go to some higher position, which is to run the EPA in Washington.” He added that he was “pushing for that with everyone that I know.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with KQED, Jerry Brown said Nichols possesses a “unique package that is equaled nowhere else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole list of factors that go into regulating climate change are matters that Mary Nichols, unlike few people in America, have had firsthand extensive knowledge,” Brown said. “And not just during the last 10 years, but stretching back to my first term as governor in the 1970s.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Between stints leading CARB, Nichols served as a deputy administrator for the EPA under President Bill Clinton. She was also a founding attorney for the Natural Resources Defense Council’s Los Angeles bureau.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1338919811162619904"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sunk by Cap-and-Trade\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The California cap-and-trade system that Nichols is associated with aims to fight climate change by setting limits on industry emissions of greenhouse gases and allowing businesses to buy and sell credits at quarterly state-sponsored auctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Businesses have generally supported this policy as an alternative to strict industrial regulations or a straight carbon tax, which are preferred by progressive environmentalists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwarzenegger wouldn’t even allow discussion of a price on carbon, according to Balmes, who served on the board back then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was literally against the rules,” he said. “Brown let us talk about it. But cap-and-trade had already been what California had committed to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cap-and-trade allows industry to burn fossil fuels by paying others to reduce their own pollution, a trade-off known as “offsets” that are meant to reduce the overall carbon emitted into the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some researchers who have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1946804/researchers-press-california-to-strengthen-landmark-climate-law\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">examined\u003c/span>\u003c/a> the program found that California’s cap-and-trade program is not reducing emissions, and one \u003ca href=\"https://dornsife.usc.edu/pere/journal-enviro-equity-cap-trade-2018/\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a> found that the policy has not produced any “improvements in environmental equity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s air board vehemently defends cap-and-trade as an effective way to drive emissions down while generating money the state uses to fund other environmental programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The auctions have raised $13.6 billion with more than 50% of investments benefiting California’s most disadvantaged communities, according to CARB.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What’s Next for California Climate Policy? \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">With the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1971608/newsom-appoints-longtime-regulator-to-replace-nichols-as-top-calif-air-official\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">appointment\u003c/a> of \u003c/span>Liane Randolph, a former regulator at the California Public Utilities Commission, to replace Nichols, Newsom\u003cbr>\ncould potentially shift the state away from cap-and-trade.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1337522436829376513"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s picking a behind-the-scenes government regulator to replace a dominant and high-profile personality like Nichols could signal he wants to elevate the work of the entire board to stand out from that of its chair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">One outstanding question about the post-Mary Nichols era in California: Did her power come from her position as the top climate regulator in the country’s most populous and economically powerful state, or was her position powerful because of some particular mastery?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the same environmental justice groups who sank Nichols do not appear to be enthralled with Biden’s ultimate choice of Regan, who was not on their suggested list of alternatives. After Regan’s candidacy was announced, the groups issued a less than enthusiastic statement congratulating him, but also referencing several groups who “worked tirelessly to protect their land, water, air, and people from pipelines, logging, and toxic waste disposal in North Carolina, and experienced harm from Regan’s decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement said the organizations “appreciate that the Biden-Harris Administration took seriously their concerns” and hope Regan “will show courage and advance a transformational vision in standing up to big polluters and repair the harm they’ve done to communities in North Carolina and across the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More mainstream environmental groups are \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/states/california/story/2020/12/17/california-environmentalists-quietly-angry-at-activists-over-nichols-losing-epa-job-1348317\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">reportedly \u003c/span>\u003c/a>seething over the activists’ letter and its successful torpedoing of Nichols’ nomination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1971853/mary-nichols-californias-great-environmental-warrior-did-not-fight-the-right-battles-to-some","authors":["11608"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_4093","science_194","science_2080"],"featImg":"science_1971855","label":"source_science_1971853"},"science_1971774":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1971774","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1971774","score":null,"sort":[1608239837000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"biden-taps-north-carolina-environmental-official-to-run-epa","title":"Biden Taps North Carolina Environmental Official to Run EPA","publishDate":1608239837,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Biden Taps North Carolina Environmental Official to Run EPA | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">President-elect Joe Biden on Thursday offered the leadership of the Environmental Protection Agency to Michael S. Regan, a North Carolina regulator who has made a name pursuing cleanups of industrial toxins and helping low-income and minority communities hit hardest by pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Biden’s selection of Regan, who leads his state’s environmental agency, was confirmed by two people familiar with the selection process. They were not authorized the discuss the matter publicly before the official announcement and spoke on condition of anonymity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Regan became environmental chief in North Carolina in 2017. North Carolina Gov. Roy Cooper, who hired Regan then, told The Associated Press this week that Regan was “a consensus builder and a fierce protector of the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">In North Carolina, Regan led the negotiations that resulted in the cleanup of the Cape Fear River, which has been dangerously contaminated by PFAS industrial compounds from a chemical plant. He negotiated what North Carolina says was the largest cleanup agreement for toxic coal ash, with Duke Energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Regan also created North Carolina’s Environmental Justice and Equity Advisory Board, to help the low-income and minority communities that suffer disproportionate exposure to harmful pollutants from refineries, factories and freeways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Regan previously spent almost a decade at the federal EPA, including managing a national program for air pollution issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">His past jobs included serving as an associate vice president for climate and energy issues at the Environmental Defense Fund advocacy group and as head of his own environmental and energy consulting firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">California clean-air regulator Mary Nichols, who earlier had been considered the front-runner for the job, had faced increasing objections from progressive groups. They said Nichols had not done enough to address the disproportionate harm low-income and minority communities face from living next to oil and gas installations, factories and freeways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Regan, who is Black, has a bachelor’s degree from the North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, a historically Black university, and a master’s from George Washington University.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California clean-air regulator Mary Nichols, who earlier had been considered the front-runner for the job, had faced increasing objections from progressive groups.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846874,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":2,"wordCount":345},"headData":{"title":"Biden Taps North Carolina Environmental Official to Run EPA | KQED","description":"California clean-air regulator Mary Nichols, who earlier had been considered the front-runner for the job, had faced increasing objections from progressive groups.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Biden Taps North Carolina Environmental Official to Run EPA","datePublished":"2020-12-17T21:17:17.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:34:34.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Associated Press","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Ellen Knickmeyer \u003cbr />AP\u003cbr>","path":"/science/1971774/biden-taps-north-carolina-environmental-official-to-run-epa","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">President-elect Joe Biden on Thursday offered the leadership of the Environmental Protection Agency to Michael S. Regan, a North Carolina regulator who has made a name pursuing cleanups of industrial toxins and helping low-income and minority communities hit hardest by pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Biden’s selection of Regan, who leads his state’s environmental agency, was confirmed by two people familiar with the selection process. They were not authorized the discuss the matter publicly before the official announcement and spoke on condition of anonymity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Regan became environmental chief in North Carolina in 2017. North Carolina Gov. Roy Cooper, who hired Regan then, told The Associated Press this week that Regan was “a consensus builder and a fierce protector of the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">In North Carolina, Regan led the negotiations that resulted in the cleanup of the Cape Fear River, which has been dangerously contaminated by PFAS industrial compounds from a chemical plant. He negotiated what North Carolina says was the largest cleanup agreement for toxic coal ash, with Duke Energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Regan also created North Carolina’s Environmental Justice and Equity Advisory Board, to help the low-income and minority communities that suffer disproportionate exposure to harmful pollutants from refineries, factories and freeways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Regan previously spent almost a decade at the federal EPA, including managing a national program for air pollution issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">His past jobs included serving as an associate vice president for climate and energy issues at the Environmental Defense Fund advocacy group and as head of his own environmental and energy consulting firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">California clean-air regulator Mary Nichols, who earlier had been considered the front-runner for the job, had faced increasing objections from progressive groups. They said Nichols had not done enough to address the disproportionate harm low-income and minority communities face from living next to oil and gas installations, factories and freeways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Regan, who is Black, has a bachelor’s degree from the North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, a historically Black university, and a master’s from George Washington University.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1971774/biden-taps-north-carolina-environmental-official-to-run-epa","authors":["byline_science_1971774"],"categories":["science_31","science_33","science_35","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_4209","science_194","science_2080"],"featImg":"science_1971775","label":"source_science_1971774"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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