It's Tarantula Mating Season in the Bay Area: Here's Where to See Some Fuzzy Friends
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You Wish You Had Mites Like This Hissing Cockroach
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Prior to joining KQED Science, Sarah worked in a brand new role as Digital Marketing Strategist at WPSU Penn State.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/085f65bb82616965f87e3d12f8550931?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"sarahkmohamad","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"about","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sarah Mohamad | KQED","description":"Engagement Producer and Reporter, KQED Science","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/085f65bb82616965f87e3d12f8550931?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/085f65bb82616965f87e3d12f8550931?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/smohamad"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"science_1984392":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1984392","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1984392","score":null,"sort":[1695898843000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"its-tarantula-mating-season-in-the-bay-area-heres-where-to-see-some-fuzzy-friends","title":"It's Tarantula Mating Season in the Bay Area: Here's Where to See Some Fuzzy Friends","publishDate":1695898843,"format":"standard","headTitle":"It’s Tarantula Mating Season in the Bay Area: Here’s Where to See Some Fuzzy Friends | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>If you’ve been hiking in the East Bay hills or places like Mount Diablo, you might’ve noticed more \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jachristian/status/1703465105701425292?s=46&t=PMxn5DJx4Cr-fWgaQBUvVA\">tarantulas\u003c/a> than usual. That’s because it’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1950117/tarantulas-take-hooking-up-to-the-next-level\">tarantula migration season\u003c/a>, and it’s when these fascinating eight-legged, hairy creatures come out to mate. Tarantula mating season here in the Bay Area typically starts in mid-September and peaks around mid-October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But fear not, although tarantulas might look creepy, they’re harmless creatures and are afraid of humans. They’re actually trying to get away from us. Because they can “hear” with their feet — they don’t have ears but nerves that can detect sounds like footsteps from a distance and will try their best to go in the opposite direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spiders are highly adaptable creatures and are an incredibly important part of our ecosystem, said Lauren Esposito, curator of Arachnology at the California Academy of Sciences. Esposito runs a research lab at the academy that studies the evolution of arachnids, including spiders, scorpions and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike some other species of spiders that use silk to build webs to capture prey, tarantulas use their silk to create a mat that they use as a sensory extension system, which allows them to hear with the tiny organs in their feet when they’re standing on the silk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/jachristian/status/1703465105701425292?s=46&t=PMxn5DJx4Cr-fWgaQBUvVA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the spiders you might see crawling around during this season are almost entirely male tarantulas looking for a female burrow, a den that looks like a hole that the spider dug in the ground with its fangs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way that they identify [the female tarantulas] is by smelling the silk,” said Esposito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The female tarantulas live in their burrows almost their entire lives and very rarely come out. Because they have that nice silk mat, they can sense when an insect walks by and scurry out to grab it before retreating to the safety of their burrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The females lay down pheromones or chemical signals that indicate to the males that they’re of the same species. And as the male approaches the female’s burrow, he’ll smell the silk to make sure he’s on the right track. He’ll then communicate with the female by tapping on the silk, which she can hear with the “ears” on her feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If she doesn’t react aggressively, it’s usually a signal that the male may enter her burrow, an invitation to mate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afterwards, he’ll leave. “He doesn’t hang around and goes back to construct his own burrow and resume his life for the rest of the year,” said Esposito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once she’s mated with the male, the female tarantula will lay eggs that are fertilized, and those eggs will stay down in her burrow. The young hatch and emerge sometime in the spring. They’ll soon leave and start digging their own burrow somewhere in the ecosystem nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984418\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984418\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/DL619_tarantula_on_road_line-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A Large furry spider on a road.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/DL619_tarantula_on_road_line-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/DL619_tarantula_on_road_line-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/DL619_tarantula_on_road_line-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/DL619_tarantula_on_road_line-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/DL619_tarantula_on_road_line-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/DL619_tarantula_on_road_line-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Newly-mature Texas brown tarantulas (Aphonopelma hentzi) cross a rural road in southeastern Colorado, in search of potential mates. \u003ccite>(Kevin Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For the past 300 million years, spiders of all kinds have managed to find adaptations that enable them to survive and thrive in virtually every ecosystem on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are spiders that live completely underwater. Spiders that live in the desert, like in Death Valley. There are spiders that build webs in the canopy of trees and other spiders that only build a tiny, teeny, web in between fallen leaves on the forest floor,” said Esposito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='science_1950117,science_1917913,science_1969661' label='Related coverage']Some of the best places to see tarantulas around the Bay Area are in the region’s grassy oak woodlands. They tend not to be in the redwoods or more densely forested areas in as high numbers, according to Esposito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few places where you might be able to spot tarantulas are Del Valle, Sunol Regional Wilderness, Mount Diablo, Henry W. Coe State Park, Black Diamond Mines in Antioch, Ed R. Levin Park, and the Stanford Dish Loop trail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those eager to learn more about these fuzzy friends, a few events to look out for to join others in searching for tarantulas include: \u003ca href=\"https://coepark.net/fall-tarantula-fest/\">Coe Park Tarantula Fest\u003c/a> on Oct. 7 at Henry Coe State Park and \u003ca href=\"https://anc.apm.activecommunities.com/ebparks/activity/search/detail/49523?onlineSiteId=0&from_original_cui=true\">East Bay Regional Park District Tarantula Trek\u003c/a> in Del Valle Regional Park on Oct. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A few places where you might be able to spot tarantulas are Del Valle, Sunol Regional Wilderness, Mount Diablo, Henry Coe State Park, Black Diamond Mines in Antioch, Ed R. Levin Park, and the Stanford Dish Loop trail.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704845892,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":765},"headData":{"title":"It's Tarantula Mating Season in the Bay Area: Here's Where to See Some Fuzzy Friends | KQED","description":"A few places where you might be able to spot tarantulas are Del Valle, Sunol Regional Wilderness, Mount Diablo, Henry Coe State Park, Black Diamond Mines in Antioch, Ed R. Levin Park, and the Stanford Dish Loop trail.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1984392/its-tarantula-mating-season-in-the-bay-area-heres-where-to-see-some-fuzzy-friends","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you’ve been hiking in the East Bay hills or places like Mount Diablo, you might’ve noticed more \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jachristian/status/1703465105701425292?s=46&t=PMxn5DJx4Cr-fWgaQBUvVA\">tarantulas\u003c/a> than usual. That’s because it’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1950117/tarantulas-take-hooking-up-to-the-next-level\">tarantula migration season\u003c/a>, and it’s when these fascinating eight-legged, hairy creatures come out to mate. Tarantula mating season here in the Bay Area typically starts in mid-September and peaks around mid-October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But fear not, although tarantulas might look creepy, they’re harmless creatures and are afraid of humans. They’re actually trying to get away from us. Because they can “hear” with their feet — they don’t have ears but nerves that can detect sounds like footsteps from a distance and will try their best to go in the opposite direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spiders are highly adaptable creatures and are an incredibly important part of our ecosystem, said Lauren Esposito, curator of Arachnology at the California Academy of Sciences. Esposito runs a research lab at the academy that studies the evolution of arachnids, including spiders, scorpions and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike some other species of spiders that use silk to build webs to capture prey, tarantulas use their silk to create a mat that they use as a sensory extension system, which allows them to hear with the tiny organs in their feet when they’re standing on the silk.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1703465105701425292"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>She said the spiders you might see crawling around during this season are almost entirely male tarantulas looking for a female burrow, a den that looks like a hole that the spider dug in the ground with its fangs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way that they identify [the female tarantulas] is by smelling the silk,” said Esposito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The female tarantulas live in their burrows almost their entire lives and very rarely come out. Because they have that nice silk mat, they can sense when an insect walks by and scurry out to grab it before retreating to the safety of their burrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The females lay down pheromones or chemical signals that indicate to the males that they’re of the same species. And as the male approaches the female’s burrow, he’ll smell the silk to make sure he’s on the right track. He’ll then communicate with the female by tapping on the silk, which she can hear with the “ears” on her feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If she doesn’t react aggressively, it’s usually a signal that the male may enter her burrow, an invitation to mate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afterwards, he’ll leave. “He doesn’t hang around and goes back to construct his own burrow and resume his life for the rest of the year,” said Esposito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once she’s mated with the male, the female tarantula will lay eggs that are fertilized, and those eggs will stay down in her burrow. The young hatch and emerge sometime in the spring. They’ll soon leave and start digging their own burrow somewhere in the ecosystem nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984418\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984418\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/DL619_tarantula_on_road_line-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A Large furry spider on a road.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/DL619_tarantula_on_road_line-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/DL619_tarantula_on_road_line-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/DL619_tarantula_on_road_line-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/DL619_tarantula_on_road_line-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/DL619_tarantula_on_road_line-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/DL619_tarantula_on_road_line-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Newly-mature Texas brown tarantulas (Aphonopelma hentzi) cross a rural road in southeastern Colorado, in search of potential mates. \u003ccite>(Kevin Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For the past 300 million years, spiders of all kinds have managed to find adaptations that enable them to survive and thrive in virtually every ecosystem on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are spiders that live completely underwater. Spiders that live in the desert, like in Death Valley. There are spiders that build webs in the canopy of trees and other spiders that only build a tiny, teeny, web in between fallen leaves on the forest floor,” said Esposito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1950117,science_1917913,science_1969661","label":"Related coverage "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Some of the best places to see tarantulas around the Bay Area are in the region’s grassy oak woodlands. They tend not to be in the redwoods or more densely forested areas in as high numbers, according to Esposito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few places where you might be able to spot tarantulas are Del Valle, Sunol Regional Wilderness, Mount Diablo, Henry W. Coe State Park, Black Diamond Mines in Antioch, Ed R. Levin Park, and the Stanford Dish Loop trail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those eager to learn more about these fuzzy friends, a few events to look out for to join others in searching for tarantulas include: \u003ca href=\"https://coepark.net/fall-tarantula-fest/\">Coe Park Tarantula Fest\u003c/a> on Oct. 7 at Henry Coe State Park and \u003ca href=\"https://anc.apm.activecommunities.com/ebparks/activity/search/detail/49523?onlineSiteId=0&from_original_cui=true\">East Bay Regional Park District Tarantula Trek\u003c/a> in Del Valle Regional Park on Oct. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1984392/its-tarantula-mating-season-in-the-bay-area-heres-where-to-see-some-fuzzy-friends","authors":["11631"],"categories":["science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_2265","science_57","science_4414","science_179"],"featImg":"science_1984417","label":"science"},"science_1958912":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1958912","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1958912","score":null,"sort":[1585054845000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"walking-sticks-stop-drop-and-clone-to-survive","title":"Walking Sticks Stop, Drop and Clone to Survive","publishDate":1585054845,"format":"video","headTitle":"Walking Sticks Stop, Drop and Clone to Survive | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1935,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]There’s that old cheesy joke: What’s brown and sticky? A stick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But sometimes it’s not just a stick — but a walking stick. This non-native insect, originally from India, relies on clever camouflage to hide from predators. They’re so skilled at remaining undercover, you may not have noticed that they’ve made themselves right at home in your local park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1959196\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1959196 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/nymph-1020x568.jpg\" alt=\"walking stick nymph\" width=\"640\" height=\"356\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/nymph-1020x568.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/nymph-160x89.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/nymph-800x446.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/nymph-768x428.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/nymph-1038x576.jpg 1038w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/nymph-1920x1069.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An Indian walking stick nymph as seen on the University of California Berkeley campus. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some Bay Area researchers are studying the insects’ genetics to learn more about how they are such masters of camouflage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t think of any other insect as effective as they are in remaining hidden in plain sight,” said Edward Ramirez, an undergraduate researcher at the University of California, Berkeley who is currently studying the genetics of Indian walking sticks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“‘How is this possible?’ was always the question that came to mind, so I wanted to search for a more clear answer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, the unusual insects, who live on every continent except Antarctica, are readily available as subjects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1958917\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1958917\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/Edwardlab-1020x650.jpg\" alt=\"Edward Ramirez\" width=\"640\" height=\"408\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/Edwardlab-1020x650.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/Edwardlab-160x102.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/Edwardlab-800x510.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/Edwardlab-768x490.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/Edwardlab-1920x1224.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Edward Ramirez, an undergraduate researcher at the University of California, Berkeley is currently studying the genetics of Indian walking sticks. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very prevalent invasive species that can be found all throughout California, including right here on campus,” Ramirez said. “All of our specimens we study were collected when they’re out and about at night around the nearby creek, since they’re nocturnal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colors are an important part of a stick insect’s camouflage defense. When these stick insects first hatch, they’re brown. As they mature and go through successive molts, they may change to an array of vibrant colors – from light green to a much darker brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1958918\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1958918\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/colors_walking_stick-1020x560.jpg\" alt=\"walking sticks\" width=\"640\" height=\"351\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/colors_walking_stick-1020x560.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/colors_walking_stick-160x88.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/colors_walking_stick-800x440.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/colors_walking_stick-768x422.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/colors_walking_stick.jpg 1691w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The wide variety of colors found in Indian walking sticks remains a mystery to researchers. \u003ccite>(Aaron Pomerantz/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Having adults in a variety of colors allows them to occupy and better survive in different parts of a plant,” Ramirez said. “Having a darker stick insect may allow it to blend in more with the trunk of a tree or the darker stems of ivy and blackberry. On the other hand, lighter green stick insects have an advantage on greener surfaces such as the bottom of leaves or greener stems of plants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These differences in color also affect how well they can escape predators. A darker stick insect can use another means of defense — behavioral mimicry — if it feels threatened. Once it tucks in its limbs, it’ll fall down to the ground and “look like a dead twig,” Ramirez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One puzzle Ramirez is trying to solve is why there’s such a colorful palette of Indian walking sticks. They’re parthenogenic, which means the females don’t need males to reproduce. They can actually clone themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1958921\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1958921\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/DL707_resting_walking_stick-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"green walking stick\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/DL707_resting_walking_stick-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/DL707_resting_walking_stick-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/DL707_resting_walking_stick-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/DL707_resting_walking_stick-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/DL707_resting_walking_stick-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A green Indian walking stick blends in with its leafy green background. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“So to see a wide variety of different colors in the stick insects is very interesting because if they’re clones of the mother they should all be the same exact thing, but they’re not,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s something that’s really interesting to explore and would definitely require more genetic analysis, which we haven’t gotten to quite yet. But hopefully someday that’ll be possible in the future,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason could be due to genetic mutations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are plenty of other species that undergo parthenogenesis such as aphids, species of bees, ants, wasps, flies, and others which all go through similar asexual cloning mechanisms and can have mutations,” Ramirez said. “However, these insects contain very little or do not have any noticeable color variation compared to the Indian stick insects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramirez said he hopes to use the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/436872/explainer-the-new-gene-editing-tool-significantly-more-precise-than-crispr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tool\u003c/a> to try and unlock the mysteries behind the Indian walking stick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s also planning to apply to dental school after he graduates later this year, with the goal of using what he’s learned studying walking sticks. His background in genetics and gene editing will help him in emerging fields of research, such as bioengineering human teeth using stem cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This would be revolutionary for dentistry as patients who have lost their permanent teeth could have them replaced,” Ramirez said.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Indian walking sticks are more than just twig impersonators. They even clone themselves into a surprising variety of colors to stay hidden in plain sight from predators.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704847631,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":772},"headData":{"title":"Walking Sticks Stop, Drop and Clone to Survive | KQED","description":"Indian walking sticks are more than just twig impersonators. They even clone themselves into a surprising variety of colors to stay hidden in plain sight from predators.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"Indian walking sticks are more than just twig impersonators. They even clone themselves into a surprising variety of colors to stay hidden in plain sight from predators."},"videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/Nxs0Q7ktaKU","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1958912/walking-sticks-stop-drop-and-clone-to-survive","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"dl_subscribe","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>There’s that old cheesy joke: What’s brown and sticky? A stick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But sometimes it’s not just a stick — but a walking stick. This non-native insect, originally from India, relies on clever camouflage to hide from predators. They’re so skilled at remaining undercover, you may not have noticed that they’ve made themselves right at home in your local park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1959196\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1959196 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/nymph-1020x568.jpg\" alt=\"walking stick nymph\" width=\"640\" height=\"356\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/nymph-1020x568.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/nymph-160x89.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/nymph-800x446.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/nymph-768x428.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/nymph-1038x576.jpg 1038w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/nymph-1920x1069.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An Indian walking stick nymph as seen on the University of California Berkeley campus. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some Bay Area researchers are studying the insects’ genetics to learn more about how they are such masters of camouflage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t think of any other insect as effective as they are in remaining hidden in plain sight,” said Edward Ramirez, an undergraduate researcher at the University of California, Berkeley who is currently studying the genetics of Indian walking sticks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“‘How is this possible?’ was always the question that came to mind, so I wanted to search for a more clear answer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, the unusual insects, who live on every continent except Antarctica, are readily available as subjects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1958917\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1958917\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/Edwardlab-1020x650.jpg\" alt=\"Edward Ramirez\" width=\"640\" height=\"408\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/Edwardlab-1020x650.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/Edwardlab-160x102.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/Edwardlab-800x510.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/Edwardlab-768x490.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/Edwardlab-1920x1224.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Edward Ramirez, an undergraduate researcher at the University of California, Berkeley is currently studying the genetics of Indian walking sticks. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very prevalent invasive species that can be found all throughout California, including right here on campus,” Ramirez said. “All of our specimens we study were collected when they’re out and about at night around the nearby creek, since they’re nocturnal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colors are an important part of a stick insect’s camouflage defense. When these stick insects first hatch, they’re brown. As they mature and go through successive molts, they may change to an array of vibrant colors – from light green to a much darker brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1958918\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1958918\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/colors_walking_stick-1020x560.jpg\" alt=\"walking sticks\" width=\"640\" height=\"351\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/colors_walking_stick-1020x560.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/colors_walking_stick-160x88.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/colors_walking_stick-800x440.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/colors_walking_stick-768x422.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/colors_walking_stick.jpg 1691w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The wide variety of colors found in Indian walking sticks remains a mystery to researchers. \u003ccite>(Aaron Pomerantz/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Having adults in a variety of colors allows them to occupy and better survive in different parts of a plant,” Ramirez said. “Having a darker stick insect may allow it to blend in more with the trunk of a tree or the darker stems of ivy and blackberry. On the other hand, lighter green stick insects have an advantage on greener surfaces such as the bottom of leaves or greener stems of plants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These differences in color also affect how well they can escape predators. A darker stick insect can use another means of defense — behavioral mimicry — if it feels threatened. Once it tucks in its limbs, it’ll fall down to the ground and “look like a dead twig,” Ramirez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One puzzle Ramirez is trying to solve is why there’s such a colorful palette of Indian walking sticks. They’re parthenogenic, which means the females don’t need males to reproduce. They can actually clone themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1958921\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1958921\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/DL707_resting_walking_stick-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"green walking stick\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/DL707_resting_walking_stick-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/DL707_resting_walking_stick-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/DL707_resting_walking_stick-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/DL707_resting_walking_stick-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/DL707_resting_walking_stick-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A green Indian walking stick blends in with its leafy green background. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“So to see a wide variety of different colors in the stick insects is very interesting because if they’re clones of the mother they should all be the same exact thing, but they’re not,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s something that’s really interesting to explore and would definitely require more genetic analysis, which we haven’t gotten to quite yet. But hopefully someday that’ll be possible in the future,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason could be due to genetic mutations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are plenty of other species that undergo parthenogenesis such as aphids, species of bees, ants, wasps, flies, and others which all go through similar asexual cloning mechanisms and can have mutations,” Ramirez said. “However, these insects contain very little or do not have any noticeable color variation compared to the Indian stick insects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramirez said he hopes to use the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/436872/explainer-the-new-gene-editing-tool-significantly-more-precise-than-crispr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tool\u003c/a> to try and unlock the mysteries behind the Indian walking stick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s also planning to apply to dental school after he graduates later this year, with the goal of using what he’s learned studying walking sticks. His background in genetics and gene editing will help him in emerging fields of research, such as bioengineering human teeth using stem cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This would be revolutionary for dentistry as patients who have lost their permanent teeth could have them replaced,” Ramirez said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1958912/walking-sticks-stop-drop-and-clone-to-survive","authors":["2100"],"series":["science_1935"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_40","science_86"],"tags":["science_57","science_327","science_83","science_190"],"featImg":"science_1959194","label":"science_1935"},"science_1955611":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1955611","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1955611","score":null,"sort":[1581429600000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"you-wish-you-had-mites-like-this-hissing-cockroach","title":"You Wish You Had Mites Like This Hissing Cockroach","publishDate":1581429600,"format":"video","headTitle":"You Wish You Had Mites Like This Hissing Cockroach | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1935,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]As the weather starts to warm and cold days give way to balmier, sunny days, one rite of spring returns every year, just like spring flowers: cockroaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1955645\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_bark-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"Madagascar hissing cockroach\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1955645\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_bark-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_bark-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_bark-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_bark-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_bark-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_bark-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Madagascar hissing cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa) perches on the edge of a log. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most people run to buy a can of bug spray or to call the exterminator when they see the scurrying little insects in their kitchens or outside their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not all roaches are pests. Some are pets – like the Madagascar hissing cockroach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They can be \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastbayvivarium.com/invert\">bought at pet stores\u003c/a> or online for $5 or less. They don’t bite and don’t carry diseases. They are also much larger than the run-of-the-mill roach, with adults averaging about 3 inches long. They live up to five years. They are slow-moving and mellow – kind of like an old tabby cat. But with antennae. And an appetite for fresh vegetables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s just a combination of size, cheapness, and they’re usually docile,” said Joshua Benoit, an \u003ca href=\"http://insectphysiology.uc.edu/\">assistant professor of biological sciences at the University of Cincinnati\u003c/a>. “They’re not aggressive, they don’t move fast. A combination of all those factors probably makes them pretty popular.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Native to the remote island off the Eastern coast of Africa, they’re famous for a cool sound. They hiss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1955639\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroaches_eat-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"Madagascar hissing cockroaches\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1955639\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroaches_eat-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroaches_eat-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroaches_eat-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroaches_eat-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroaches_eat-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroaches_eat-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A group of Madagascar hissing cockroaches (Gromphadorhina portentosa) eat leaves. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most other insects, like crickets and some beetles, make noises by rubbing body parts together, known as stridulation. Insects breathe using internal air sacs and tubes that take oxygen to all over their bodies. On the outside of their bodies, they have openings called spiracles. If a hissing cockroach force air through these spiracles rapidly, then it makes that signature sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As far as hissing, I can’t think of any other kinds of insect that hisses. I think you have to be kind of large to do that, and maybe a small bug couldn’t do it,” said Steve Heydon, senior museum scientist at the \u003ca href=\"http://bohart.ucdavis.edu/\">Bohart Museum of Entomology at UC Davis\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The huge roaches are a big hit at the museum, especially with kids. It has dozens on hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The males are territorial, so they’ll set up little territories,” Heydon said. “If another male comes along, then they’ll hiss and they’ll kind of ram into each other. Kind of like little deer fighting, you know?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the males also court the females with another hiss. Kind of a softer, gentler hiss. And then there’s also an alarm hiss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you pick them up, they’ll hiss like crazy,” Heydon said. “Just to do something unexpected in the hopes that they can get dropped and they’ll have another chance to get away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Madagascar hissing cockroaches don’t pose a health risk because they’re cleaner than pest cockroaches, like the German or brown-banded variety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1955637\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_knife-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"cockroach sits on spoon\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1955637\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_knife-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_knife-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_knife-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_knife-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_knife-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_knife-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A brown-banded cockroach sits on a dirty spoon. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nocturnal scavengers, the pest cockroaches rummage for food during the witching hours in your kitchen, bathrooms, trash and drains. They’re not that discriminating when it comes to what they eat. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/resources/vector288to301.pdf\">World Health Organization report\u003c/a> noted that they’ll feed on just about anything, in addition to human food: “their own cast-off skins, dead and crippled cockroaches, fresh and dried blood, excrement, sputum, and the fingernails and toenails of babies and sleeping or sick persons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason their big exotic hissing cousins are cleaner? They’ve got special mites that live on them their entire lives. These tiny cleanup artists keep them tidier than other cockroaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most people assume that they’re bad, because people assume you don’t want to get mites,” Benoit said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But they’re actually symbiotic. They keep the surface of the cockroaches clean. They live about twice as long. And the mites are obligate, so they can’t live anywhere else, at least as far as we know, except on the surface of the cockroach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1955641\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_mites-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"cockroach mites\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1955641\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_mites-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_mites-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_mites-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_mites-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_mites-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_mites-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Madagascar hissing cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa) with mites (Gromphadorholaelaps schaeferi) on its face clings to the edge of a log. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://news.osu.edu/mites-on-hissing-coackroach-may-benefit-humans-with-allergies/\">Benoit co-authored a study\u003c/a> several years ago that showed these tiny mites eat the saliva and organic debris that fosters mold growth on the cockroaches’ bodies – thus potentially reducing allergic responses among humans who handle them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So don’t be shy about picking up a Madagascar hissing cockroach. You’ll often find them at museums and zoos for interactive educational activities. The Bohart Museum of Entomology shows off its collection regularly during educational days that are open to the public, like its upcoming \u003ca href=\"http://biodiversitymuseumday.ucdavis.edu/\">Biodiversity Museum Day\u003c/a> on Feb. 15. Or stop by your local pet shop if you’re looking for a more hypoallergenic, low-maintenance critter than Fido or Fifi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If someone accidentally kills one, you could probably replace it for the kids,” Benoit joked. “They would never know.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Not all roaches are filthy. The Madagascar hissing cockroach actually makes a pretty sweet pet, thanks to the hungry mites that serve as its cleaning crew.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704847786,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":884},"headData":{"title":"You Wish You Had Mites Like This Hissing Cockroach | KQED","description":"Not all roaches are filthy. The Madagascar hissing cockroach actually makes a pretty sweet pet, thanks to the hungry mites that serve as its cleaning crew.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"Not all roaches are filthy. The Madagascar hissing cockroach actually makes a pretty sweet pet, thanks to the hungry mites that serve as its cleaning crew."},"videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t3gvx8UQiZA","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1955611/you-wish-you-had-mites-like-this-hissing-cockroach","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"dl_subscribe","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>As the weather starts to warm and cold days give way to balmier, sunny days, one rite of spring returns every year, just like spring flowers: cockroaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1955645\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_bark-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"Madagascar hissing cockroach\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1955645\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_bark-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_bark-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_bark-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_bark-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_bark-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_bark-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Madagascar hissing cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa) perches on the edge of a log. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most people run to buy a can of bug spray or to call the exterminator when they see the scurrying little insects in their kitchens or outside their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not all roaches are pests. Some are pets – like the Madagascar hissing cockroach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They can be \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastbayvivarium.com/invert\">bought at pet stores\u003c/a> or online for $5 or less. They don’t bite and don’t carry diseases. They are also much larger than the run-of-the-mill roach, with adults averaging about 3 inches long. They live up to five years. They are slow-moving and mellow – kind of like an old tabby cat. But with antennae. And an appetite for fresh vegetables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s just a combination of size, cheapness, and they’re usually docile,” said Joshua Benoit, an \u003ca href=\"http://insectphysiology.uc.edu/\">assistant professor of biological sciences at the University of Cincinnati\u003c/a>. “They’re not aggressive, they don’t move fast. A combination of all those factors probably makes them pretty popular.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Native to the remote island off the Eastern coast of Africa, they’re famous for a cool sound. They hiss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1955639\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroaches_eat-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"Madagascar hissing cockroaches\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1955639\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroaches_eat-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroaches_eat-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroaches_eat-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroaches_eat-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroaches_eat-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroaches_eat-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A group of Madagascar hissing cockroaches (Gromphadorhina portentosa) eat leaves. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most other insects, like crickets and some beetles, make noises by rubbing body parts together, known as stridulation. Insects breathe using internal air sacs and tubes that take oxygen to all over their bodies. On the outside of their bodies, they have openings called spiracles. If a hissing cockroach force air through these spiracles rapidly, then it makes that signature sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As far as hissing, I can’t think of any other kinds of insect that hisses. I think you have to be kind of large to do that, and maybe a small bug couldn’t do it,” said Steve Heydon, senior museum scientist at the \u003ca href=\"http://bohart.ucdavis.edu/\">Bohart Museum of Entomology at UC Davis\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The huge roaches are a big hit at the museum, especially with kids. It has dozens on hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The males are territorial, so they’ll set up little territories,” Heydon said. “If another male comes along, then they’ll hiss and they’ll kind of ram into each other. Kind of like little deer fighting, you know?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the males also court the females with another hiss. Kind of a softer, gentler hiss. And then there’s also an alarm hiss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you pick them up, they’ll hiss like crazy,” Heydon said. “Just to do something unexpected in the hopes that they can get dropped and they’ll have another chance to get away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Madagascar hissing cockroaches don’t pose a health risk because they’re cleaner than pest cockroaches, like the German or brown-banded variety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1955637\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_knife-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"cockroach sits on spoon\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1955637\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_knife-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_knife-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_knife-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_knife-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_knife-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_knife-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A brown-banded cockroach sits on a dirty spoon. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nocturnal scavengers, the pest cockroaches rummage for food during the witching hours in your kitchen, bathrooms, trash and drains. They’re not that discriminating when it comes to what they eat. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/resources/vector288to301.pdf\">World Health Organization report\u003c/a> noted that they’ll feed on just about anything, in addition to human food: “their own cast-off skins, dead and crippled cockroaches, fresh and dried blood, excrement, sputum, and the fingernails and toenails of babies and sleeping or sick persons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason their big exotic hissing cousins are cleaner? They’ve got special mites that live on them their entire lives. These tiny cleanup artists keep them tidier than other cockroaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most people assume that they’re bad, because people assume you don’t want to get mites,” Benoit said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But they’re actually symbiotic. They keep the surface of the cockroaches clean. They live about twice as long. And the mites are obligate, so they can’t live anywhere else, at least as far as we know, except on the surface of the cockroach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1955641\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_mites-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"cockroach mites\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1955641\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_mites-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_mites-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_mites-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_mites-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_mites-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL703_cockroach_mites-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Madagascar hissing cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa) with mites (Gromphadorholaelaps schaeferi) on its face clings to the edge of a log. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://news.osu.edu/mites-on-hissing-coackroach-may-benefit-humans-with-allergies/\">Benoit co-authored a study\u003c/a> several years ago that showed these tiny mites eat the saliva and organic debris that fosters mold growth on the cockroaches’ bodies – thus potentially reducing allergic responses among humans who handle them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So don’t be shy about picking up a Madagascar hissing cockroach. You’ll often find them at museums and zoos for interactive educational activities. The Bohart Museum of Entomology shows off its collection regularly during educational days that are open to the public, like its upcoming \u003ca href=\"http://biodiversitymuseumday.ucdavis.edu/\">Biodiversity Museum Day\u003c/a> on Feb. 15. Or stop by your local pet shop if you’re looking for a more hypoallergenic, low-maintenance critter than Fido or Fifi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If someone accidentally kills one, you could probably replace it for the kids,” Benoit joked. “They would never know.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1955611/you-wish-you-had-mites-like-this-hissing-cockroach","authors":["2100"],"series":["science_1935"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_40","science_86"],"tags":["science_57","science_83","science_527"],"featImg":"science_1956374","label":"science_1935"},"science_1949380":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1949380","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1949380","score":null,"sort":[1574172011000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"webspinners","title":"The Curious Webspinner Insect Knits a Cozy Home","publishDate":1574172011,"format":"video","headTitle":"The Curious Webspinner Insect Knits a Cozy Home | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1935,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949387\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 590px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1949387 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/2019-10-15-14_19_54.gif\" alt=\"Webspinner silk underneath a log at Guadalupe Oak Grove Park in San Jose, California.\" width=\"590\" height=\"331\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Webspinner silk underneath a log at Guadalupe Oak Grove Park in San Jose, California. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With the holidays just around the corner, it’s that time of year when you’re ready to burn off Thanksgiving turkey and Christmas cookie calories by heading outdoors for a hike. Maybe you’ve noticed what looks like spider webs woven between weeds along the trail, or poking out from under rocks or draped across logs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But take a closer look – those webs might actually not be spider webs. A lot of them are silken habitats, known as galleries, created by insects called webspinners. While they’re usually underground or sequestered in burrows in fall and winter – you’re more likely to see the insects in early spring or summer – their silk is visible year-round in many parks and open spaces. They’re typically in areas that aren’t too wet or shady, nibbling on lichen, dead leaves and moss underneath their silken canopies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949394\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1949394 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Josh_Films_Silk_on_Log_With_Janice_Edgerly_Rooks-2.jpg\" alt=\"Santa Clara University professor of biology Janice Edgerly-Rooks and Deep Look producer Jenny Oh watch director of photography Josh Cassidy film webspinner silk at Guadalupe Oak Grove Park, San Jose, CA.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Josh_Films_Silk_on_Log_With_Janice_Edgerly_Rooks-2.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Josh_Films_Silk_on_Log_With_Janice_Edgerly_Rooks-2-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Santa Clara University professor of biology Janice Edgerly-Rooks and Deep Look producer Jenny Oh watch KQED director of photography Josh Cassidy film webspinner silk at Guadalupe Oak Grove Park in San Jose, California. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Edward Rooks)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There are places where I go hiking where I just know their habitat looks perfect. If I turn over a rock, bam! The silk is there,” said Janice Edgerly-Rooks, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.scu.edu/cas/biology/faculty/edgerly-rooks/\">professor of biology at Santa Clara University\u003c/a> who has been studying webspinners for more than 30 years. “People don’t realize what it is. It’s these beautiful little bluish-tinted tubes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webspinners, related to walking sticks and praying mantises, produce the finest silk in the animal kingdom. But unlike spiders, which produce silk from spinnerets on the tip of their abdomens, or caterpillars that produce it with salivary glands, webspinners have special silk ejectors on their front feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their feet are clothed with silk ejectors, so they look like the Lord of the Rings’ hobbits,” said Edgerly-Rooks. “When they step, hundreds of fibers come out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949388\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1949388\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/DL620_webspinner_foot-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"A female webspinner spins silk.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/DL620_webspinner_foot-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/DL620_webspinner_foot-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/DL620_webspinner_foot-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/DL620_webspinner_foot-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/DL620_webspinner_foot-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/DL620_webspinner_foot-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A female webspinner spins silk. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The extremely narrow silk threads are essential to the webspinners’ survival. The silk serves as the webspinners’ home, umbrella and invisibility cloak, all in one. Webspinners are susceptible to drowning in heavy rains, so the silk shields the insects from water with its amazing waterproof qualities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They can’t handle water. They’re just complete wimps when it comes to getting wet. But the water just slips off. It’s the most incredible thing,” Edgerly-Rooks said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When water hits the silk, drops sit on top, like on the paint of a just-waxed car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949392\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1949392\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Screen-Shot-2019-10-15-at-2.21.25-PM-1020x570.png\" alt=\"A webspinner retreats under a gallery of silk to avoid water. \" width=\"640\" height=\"358\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Screen-Shot-2019-10-15-at-2.21.25-PM-1020x570.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Screen-Shot-2019-10-15-at-2.21.25-PM-160x89.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Screen-Shot-2019-10-15-at-2.21.25-PM-800x447.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Screen-Shot-2019-10-15-at-2.21.25-PM-768x429.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Screen-Shot-2019-10-15-at-2.21.25-PM-1200x670.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Screen-Shot-2019-10-15-at-2.21.25-PM-1920x1073.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A webspinner retreats under a gallery of silk to avoid water. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The silk grabs the water,” she said. “It actually pins it onto the surface. We’ve been watching it with this incredible microscope we have at the lab. We watch the water droplets dry, and it took more than twice as long for a tiny, tiny drop of water to disappear completely. Twice as long as if you put the tiny drop just on the counter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while we typically think of silk as a beautiful, luxurious fabric, for the webspinners, it’s their homemade armor that protects them from predators. Since they’re soft-bodied with no other means of defense, they disappear into their habitat while ants and other predators just walk on top, unaware of their prey safely hidden below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949391\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 590px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1949391\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/rose.gif\" alt=\"Water drops on a silk compared to on a rose petal.\" width=\"590\" height=\"331\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water drops on silk compared to on a rose petal. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Janice Edgerly-Rooks / Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They can also run away, but they have to run backward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s so funny to watch them walk. They’re totally compromised by having silk come out of their front feet,” said Edgerly-Rooks. “So when they walk forward, they walk on tiptoes just to make sure they don’t engage their silk ejectors. And they do not run forwards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to her teaching duties, Edgerly-Rooks continues to study and raise webspinners she has collected around the world. She’s even \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/veehbMKjMgw\">composed music\u003c/a> inspired by these creatures’ movements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she advises that if you see them in the wild, be careful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are very fragile insects, so it’s not wise to try to pick them up,” she said. “You can maybe gather some of the silk tubes carefully with them inside the silk. If you put them in a small container, you can get them to run around for you, although some also play dead and are really good at ‘disappearing’ even when we know they are right in front of us.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"To protect herself and her eggs, a female webspinner shoots super-fine silk from her front feet. She weaves the strands to build a shelter that serves as a tent, umbrella and invisibility cloak. But shooting silk from her feet requires her to moonwalk to get around. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848151,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":827},"headData":{"title":"The Curious Webspinner Insect Knits a Cozy Home | KQED","description":"To protect herself and her eggs, a female webspinner shoots super-fine silk from her front feet. She weaves the strands to build a shelter that serves as a tent, umbrella and invisibility cloak. But shooting silk from her feet requires her to moonwalk to get around. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_JP3RbJ8zk","sticky":false,"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","path":"/science/1949380/webspinners","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"dl_subscribe","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949387\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 590px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1949387 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/2019-10-15-14_19_54.gif\" alt=\"Webspinner silk underneath a log at Guadalupe Oak Grove Park in San Jose, California.\" width=\"590\" height=\"331\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Webspinner silk underneath a log at Guadalupe Oak Grove Park in San Jose, California. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With the holidays just around the corner, it’s that time of year when you’re ready to burn off Thanksgiving turkey and Christmas cookie calories by heading outdoors for a hike. Maybe you’ve noticed what looks like spider webs woven between weeds along the trail, or poking out from under rocks or draped across logs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But take a closer look – those webs might actually not be spider webs. A lot of them are silken habitats, known as galleries, created by insects called webspinners. While they’re usually underground or sequestered in burrows in fall and winter – you’re more likely to see the insects in early spring or summer – their silk is visible year-round in many parks and open spaces. They’re typically in areas that aren’t too wet or shady, nibbling on lichen, dead leaves and moss underneath their silken canopies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949394\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1949394 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Josh_Films_Silk_on_Log_With_Janice_Edgerly_Rooks-2.jpg\" alt=\"Santa Clara University professor of biology Janice Edgerly-Rooks and Deep Look producer Jenny Oh watch director of photography Josh Cassidy film webspinner silk at Guadalupe Oak Grove Park, San Jose, CA.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Josh_Films_Silk_on_Log_With_Janice_Edgerly_Rooks-2.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Josh_Films_Silk_on_Log_With_Janice_Edgerly_Rooks-2-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Santa Clara University professor of biology Janice Edgerly-Rooks and Deep Look producer Jenny Oh watch KQED director of photography Josh Cassidy film webspinner silk at Guadalupe Oak Grove Park in San Jose, California. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Edward Rooks)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There are places where I go hiking where I just know their habitat looks perfect. If I turn over a rock, bam! The silk is there,” said Janice Edgerly-Rooks, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.scu.edu/cas/biology/faculty/edgerly-rooks/\">professor of biology at Santa Clara University\u003c/a> who has been studying webspinners for more than 30 years. “People don’t realize what it is. It’s these beautiful little bluish-tinted tubes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webspinners, related to walking sticks and praying mantises, produce the finest silk in the animal kingdom. But unlike spiders, which produce silk from spinnerets on the tip of their abdomens, or caterpillars that produce it with salivary glands, webspinners have special silk ejectors on their front feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their feet are clothed with silk ejectors, so they look like the Lord of the Rings’ hobbits,” said Edgerly-Rooks. “When they step, hundreds of fibers come out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949388\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1949388\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/DL620_webspinner_foot-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"A female webspinner spins silk.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/DL620_webspinner_foot-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/DL620_webspinner_foot-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/DL620_webspinner_foot-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/DL620_webspinner_foot-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/DL620_webspinner_foot-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/DL620_webspinner_foot-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A female webspinner spins silk. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The extremely narrow silk threads are essential to the webspinners’ survival. The silk serves as the webspinners’ home, umbrella and invisibility cloak, all in one. Webspinners are susceptible to drowning in heavy rains, so the silk shields the insects from water with its amazing waterproof qualities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They can’t handle water. They’re just complete wimps when it comes to getting wet. But the water just slips off. It’s the most incredible thing,” Edgerly-Rooks said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When water hits the silk, drops sit on top, like on the paint of a just-waxed car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949392\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1949392\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Screen-Shot-2019-10-15-at-2.21.25-PM-1020x570.png\" alt=\"A webspinner retreats under a gallery of silk to avoid water. \" width=\"640\" height=\"358\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Screen-Shot-2019-10-15-at-2.21.25-PM-1020x570.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Screen-Shot-2019-10-15-at-2.21.25-PM-160x89.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Screen-Shot-2019-10-15-at-2.21.25-PM-800x447.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Screen-Shot-2019-10-15-at-2.21.25-PM-768x429.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Screen-Shot-2019-10-15-at-2.21.25-PM-1200x670.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Screen-Shot-2019-10-15-at-2.21.25-PM-1920x1073.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A webspinner retreats under a gallery of silk to avoid water. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The silk grabs the water,” she said. “It actually pins it onto the surface. We’ve been watching it with this incredible microscope we have at the lab. We watch the water droplets dry, and it took more than twice as long for a tiny, tiny drop of water to disappear completely. Twice as long as if you put the tiny drop just on the counter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while we typically think of silk as a beautiful, luxurious fabric, for the webspinners, it’s their homemade armor that protects them from predators. Since they’re soft-bodied with no other means of defense, they disappear into their habitat while ants and other predators just walk on top, unaware of their prey safely hidden below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949391\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 590px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1949391\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/rose.gif\" alt=\"Water drops on a silk compared to on a rose petal.\" width=\"590\" height=\"331\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water drops on silk compared to on a rose petal. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Janice Edgerly-Rooks / Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They can also run away, but they have to run backward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s so funny to watch them walk. They’re totally compromised by having silk come out of their front feet,” said Edgerly-Rooks. “So when they walk forward, they walk on tiptoes just to make sure they don’t engage their silk ejectors. And they do not run forwards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to her teaching duties, Edgerly-Rooks continues to study and raise webspinners she has collected around the world. She’s even \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/veehbMKjMgw\">composed music\u003c/a> inspired by these creatures’ movements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she advises that if you see them in the wild, be careful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are very fragile insects, so it’s not wise to try to pick them up,” she said. “You can maybe gather some of the silk tubes carefully with them inside the silk. If you put them in a small container, you can get them to run around for you, although some also play dead and are really good at ‘disappearing’ even when we know they are right in front of us.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1949380/webspinners","authors":["2100"],"series":["science_1935"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_40","science_86"],"tags":["science_57","science_3370","science_83"],"featImg":"science_1949890","label":"science_1935"},"science_1947830":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1947830","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1947830","score":null,"sort":[1570539911000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"these-giant-leaf-insects-will-sway-your-heart","title":"These Giant Leaf Insects Will Sway Your Heart","publishDate":1570539911,"format":"video","headTitle":"These Giant Leaf Insects Will Sway Your Heart | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1935,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]You’ll have to look closely to spot a giant Malaysian leaf insect when it’s nibbling on the leaves of a guava or mango tree. These herbivores blend in seamlessly with their surroundings because they look exactly like their favorite food: fruit leaves. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948422\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1948422 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_4398-e1570041089663-800x914.jpg\" alt=\"A giant Malaysian leaf insect\" width=\"800\" height=\"914\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_4398-e1570041089663-800x914.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_4398-e1570041089663-160x183.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_4398-e1570041089663-768x877.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_4398-e1570041089663-1020x1165.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_4398-e1570041089663-1051x1200.jpg 1051w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_4398-e1570041089663.jpg 1367w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A giant Malaysian leaf insect at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, California. \u003ccite>(Jenny Oh/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But you can definitely see these fascinating creatures at the\u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org\"> California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a>, located in the heart of San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park, through the spring of 2022. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An ongoing interactive exhibit,”\u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/exhibits/color-of-life\">Color of Life,\u003c/a>“explores the role of color in the natural world. It’s filled with a variety of critters, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/explore-science/gouldian-finch\">Gouldian finches\u003c/a>,\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/Bk6XgVVnDED/\"> green tree pythons\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?where-genus=Hyperolius&where-species=riggenbachi\">Riggenbach’s reed frogs\u003c/a> and, of course,\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/BV8jrHSlKVx/\"> giant leaf insects.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Evolution is really amazing,” said Patrick Lee, one of the museum’s animal care managers who oversees the care and feeding of 38,000 live animals.”It’s allowed this species to use \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crypsis\">cryptic mimicry\u003c/a> as their anti-predation strategy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cryptic mimicry” might sound like a magic trick. But it’s the ability of animals to conceal themselves. Also known as camouflage, the feature allows the leaf insects to use two different techniques: crypsis and protective resemblance. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crypsis refers to an insect’s color and how much it looks like its habitat, while protective resemblance describes insects that resemble a natural object such as a stick, stone or, in this case, a large leaf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like large leaves, the leaf insects usually stay very, very still to avoid attracting any predators’ attention. Moving can be the most critical mistake this insect can make. But if they must move, they move very slowly — or use a clever strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948438\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 590px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/DL617_nymph.gif\" alt=\"young giant Malaysian leaf insect nymph\" width=\"590\" height=\"331\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1948438\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young giant Malaysian leaf insect nymph swaying back and forth like a leaf blowing in the wind. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If these insects are caught in a breeze, they’ll even sway back and forth along with the surrounding foliage to enhance their disguise,” Lee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But giant leaf insects don’t start off looking like fresh green leaves. Their appearance adapts over time to match their surroundings, so their camouflage is ever-evolving, like their living natural habitat. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Females remain hidden in the trees and drop eggs to the forest floor. The eggs look like small brown seeds that blend in well with the decaying leaf litter. After the nymphs emerge within two or three weeks, they remain brown and scurry around, perhaps mimicking tropical ants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some amateur entomologists try to raise them privately, you can’t buy them commercially in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not available as pets and are regulated by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/home/\">USDA\u003c/a>,” Lee said. “You must have a permit in order to display and house this species.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948431\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_0962-1020x765.jpeg\" alt=\"giant leaf insect nymph\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1948431\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_0962-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_0962-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_0962-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_0962-768x576.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_0962-1200x900.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_0962-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_0962.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A newly hatched young giant leaf insect nymph at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, CA. \u003ccite>(Patrick Lee/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lee breeds them. About two dozen eggs hatch every four to five months. The young insects live in the museum’s special USDA insect-rearing room. This ensures the museum has a healthy community of insects to display to the public and to keep a backup population on hand. In the past, if the museum has had extra eggs or young nymphs, staff members have sent them to other zoos and aquariums throughout the country. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main challenge in keeping them alive is having a steady supply of good blackberry leaves readily available to eat, Lee said. Otherwise, “they may nibble on their roommate – which incidentally resembles a leaf,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to prevent “accidental cannibalism,” only a few are kept together at one time. Nymphs are raised individually in small plastic containers, while the adults are housed together in tall terrariums. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most of the time there are plenty of local blackberry leaves available for meals, it becomes more challenging in warmer months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During the summer, when blackberry bushes die due to the heat, it becomes a bit more difficult to gather fresh leaves in Golden Gate Park,” Lee said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also keeps the insects’ habitats at a high humidity, so that they’ll successfully molt, or shed their exoskeletons, as they mature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once they’ve turned green — which usually takes a week from the point they’ve hatched from the eggs — they ascend into the trees to match their leafy environment. They simulate the leaves’ appearance with their wide, flat bodies and specific traits like their texture, spots and “veins.” And as they grow older, they get bigger and even develop frayed brown edges to resemble damaged leaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1947838\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1947838 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PAT_LEE-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"Patrick Lee, an Animal Care Manager at the California Academy of Sciences, smiles in front of the green tree python featured in the museum's "Color of Life" exhibit.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PAT_LEE-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PAT_LEE-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PAT_LEE-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PAT_LEE-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PAT_LEE-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PAT_LEE-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PAT_LEE.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Patrick Lee, an animal care manager at the California Academy of Sciences, smiles in front of the green tree python featured in the museum’s “Color of Life” exhibit. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Patrick Lee/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lee maintains a busy schedule. Along with checking in with all of the animals that are a part of the “Color of Life” exhibit, he’s also in charge of the museum’s large freshwater fish habitats and “ambassador animals,” or education animals, that are a part of the museum’s interpretive programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even with this heavy workload, Lee said he finds his job incredibly rewarding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s nothing like coming to work every day,” he said, “to a facility and a collection of live animals that you truly love.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Giant Malaysian leaf insects stay still — very still — on their host plants to avoid hungry predators. But as they grow up, they can't get lazy with their camouflage. They change — and even dance — to blend in with the ever-shifting foliage.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848250,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":972},"headData":{"title":"These Giant Leaf Insects Will Sway Your Heart | KQED","description":"Giant Malaysian leaf insects stay still — very still — on their host plants to avoid hungry predators. But as they grow up, they can't get lazy with their camouflage. They change — and even dance — to blend in with the ever-shifting foliage.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/QjPInsEYDLs","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1947830/these-giant-leaf-insects-will-sway-your-heart","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"dl_subscribe","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>You’ll have to look closely to spot a giant Malaysian leaf insect when it’s nibbling on the leaves of a guava or mango tree. These herbivores blend in seamlessly with their surroundings because they look exactly like their favorite food: fruit leaves. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948422\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1948422 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_4398-e1570041089663-800x914.jpg\" alt=\"A giant Malaysian leaf insect\" width=\"800\" height=\"914\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_4398-e1570041089663-800x914.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_4398-e1570041089663-160x183.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_4398-e1570041089663-768x877.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_4398-e1570041089663-1020x1165.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_4398-e1570041089663-1051x1200.jpg 1051w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_4398-e1570041089663.jpg 1367w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A giant Malaysian leaf insect at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, California. \u003ccite>(Jenny Oh/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But you can definitely see these fascinating creatures at the\u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org\"> California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a>, located in the heart of San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park, through the spring of 2022. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An ongoing interactive exhibit,”\u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/exhibits/color-of-life\">Color of Life,\u003c/a>“explores the role of color in the natural world. It’s filled with a variety of critters, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/explore-science/gouldian-finch\">Gouldian finches\u003c/a>,\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/Bk6XgVVnDED/\"> green tree pythons\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?where-genus=Hyperolius&where-species=riggenbachi\">Riggenbach’s reed frogs\u003c/a> and, of course,\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/BV8jrHSlKVx/\"> giant leaf insects.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Evolution is really amazing,” said Patrick Lee, one of the museum’s animal care managers who oversees the care and feeding of 38,000 live animals.”It’s allowed this species to use \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crypsis\">cryptic mimicry\u003c/a> as their anti-predation strategy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cryptic mimicry” might sound like a magic trick. But it’s the ability of animals to conceal themselves. Also known as camouflage, the feature allows the leaf insects to use two different techniques: crypsis and protective resemblance. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crypsis refers to an insect’s color and how much it looks like its habitat, while protective resemblance describes insects that resemble a natural object such as a stick, stone or, in this case, a large leaf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like large leaves, the leaf insects usually stay very, very still to avoid attracting any predators’ attention. Moving can be the most critical mistake this insect can make. But if they must move, they move very slowly — or use a clever strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948438\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 590px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/DL617_nymph.gif\" alt=\"young giant Malaysian leaf insect nymph\" width=\"590\" height=\"331\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1948438\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young giant Malaysian leaf insect nymph swaying back and forth like a leaf blowing in the wind. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If these insects are caught in a breeze, they’ll even sway back and forth along with the surrounding foliage to enhance their disguise,” Lee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But giant leaf insects don’t start off looking like fresh green leaves. Their appearance adapts over time to match their surroundings, so their camouflage is ever-evolving, like their living natural habitat. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Females remain hidden in the trees and drop eggs to the forest floor. The eggs look like small brown seeds that blend in well with the decaying leaf litter. After the nymphs emerge within two or three weeks, they remain brown and scurry around, perhaps mimicking tropical ants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some amateur entomologists try to raise them privately, you can’t buy them commercially in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not available as pets and are regulated by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/home/\">USDA\u003c/a>,” Lee said. “You must have a permit in order to display and house this species.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948431\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_0962-1020x765.jpeg\" alt=\"giant leaf insect nymph\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1948431\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_0962-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_0962-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_0962-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_0962-768x576.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_0962-1200x900.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_0962-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_0962.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A newly hatched young giant leaf insect nymph at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, CA. \u003ccite>(Patrick Lee/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lee breeds them. About two dozen eggs hatch every four to five months. The young insects live in the museum’s special USDA insect-rearing room. This ensures the museum has a healthy community of insects to display to the public and to keep a backup population on hand. In the past, if the museum has had extra eggs or young nymphs, staff members have sent them to other zoos and aquariums throughout the country. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main challenge in keeping them alive is having a steady supply of good blackberry leaves readily available to eat, Lee said. Otherwise, “they may nibble on their roommate – which incidentally resembles a leaf,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to prevent “accidental cannibalism,” only a few are kept together at one time. Nymphs are raised individually in small plastic containers, while the adults are housed together in tall terrariums. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most of the time there are plenty of local blackberry leaves available for meals, it becomes more challenging in warmer months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During the summer, when blackberry bushes die due to the heat, it becomes a bit more difficult to gather fresh leaves in Golden Gate Park,” Lee said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also keeps the insects’ habitats at a high humidity, so that they’ll successfully molt, or shed their exoskeletons, as they mature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once they’ve turned green — which usually takes a week from the point they’ve hatched from the eggs — they ascend into the trees to match their leafy environment. They simulate the leaves’ appearance with their wide, flat bodies and specific traits like their texture, spots and “veins.” And as they grow older, they get bigger and even develop frayed brown edges to resemble damaged leaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1947838\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1947838 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PAT_LEE-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"Patrick Lee, an Animal Care Manager at the California Academy of Sciences, smiles in front of the green tree python featured in the museum's "Color of Life" exhibit.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PAT_LEE-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PAT_LEE-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PAT_LEE-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PAT_LEE-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PAT_LEE-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PAT_LEE-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PAT_LEE.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Patrick Lee, an animal care manager at the California Academy of Sciences, smiles in front of the green tree python featured in the museum’s “Color of Life” exhibit. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Patrick Lee/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lee maintains a busy schedule. Along with checking in with all of the animals that are a part of the “Color of Life” exhibit, he’s also in charge of the museum’s large freshwater fish habitats and “ambassador animals,” or education animals, that are a part of the museum’s interpretive programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even with this heavy workload, Lee said he finds his job incredibly rewarding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s nothing like coming to work every day,” he said, “to a facility and a collection of live animals that you truly love.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1947830/these-giant-leaf-insects-will-sway-your-heart","authors":["2100"],"series":["science_1935"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_86"],"tags":["science_986","science_57","science_83"],"featImg":"science_1948421","label":"science_1935"},"science_1941850":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1941850","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1941850","score":null,"sort":[1560260252000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"meeting-a-wormlion-is-the-pits","title":"Meeting a Wormlion Is the Pits","publishDate":1560260252,"format":"video","headTitle":"Meeting a Wormlion Is the Pits | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1935,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941857\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1941857\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlions_20170812_11-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"wormlions\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlions_20170812_11-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlions_20170812_11-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlions_20170812_11-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlions_20170812_11-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlions_20170812_11-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlions_20170812_11-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlions_20170812_11.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An assortment of tiny wormlions. \u003ccite>(Joyce Gross)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]Ominous creatures that lurk deep underground in the desert, like the sandworms in the classic science fiction novel \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dune_(novel)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Dune,”\u003c/a> aren’t just make-believe. For ants and other prey, wormlions are a terrifying reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941929\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1941929\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/joyce_20140719_03-800x980.jpg\" alt=\"Joyce Gross collecting beetles.\" width=\"800\" height=\"980\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/joyce_20140719_03-800x980.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/joyce_20140719_03-160x196.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/joyce_20140719_03-768x941.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/joyce_20140719_03-1020x1250.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/joyce_20140719_03-979x1200.jpg 979w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/joyce_20140719_03.jpg 1671w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Joyce Gross collecting beetles. \u003ccite>(Jae Sullivan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While quite small—they can grow up to an inch—wormlions are fly larvae that curl up their bodies like slingshots. Usually found under rock or log overhangs in dry, sandy landscapes, they’ll energetically fling soil, sand and pebbles out of the way to dig pit traps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once an unlucky critter falls in, wormlions move at lightning speed and quickly wrap their bodies around their victims. Squeezing them like boa constrictors, they also inject them with a paralyzing venom. They feed this way for several years, until they transform into adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joyce Gross, a computer programmer for the \u003ca href=\"https://bnhm.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC Berkeley Natural History Museums\u003c/a>, is fascinated by their unique hunting behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have such a weird life history,” she said. “They’re the only flies that dig pits like this, and wait for prey to fall in, just like antlions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gross, an avid photographer and naturalist in her spare time, has been studying these insects for over three years. Wormlions first appeared on her radar while collaborating with several entomologists to update Jerry Powell and Charles Hogue’s “\u003ca href=\"https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520037823/california-insects\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Insects\u003c/a>” field guide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941856\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1941856\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlion_number_13_20180416_25-800x524.jpg\" alt=\"adult wormlion\" width=\"800\" height=\"524\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlion_number_13_20180416_25-800x524.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlion_number_13_20180416_25-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlion_number_13_20180416_25-768x503.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlion_number_13_20180416_25-1020x668.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlion_number_13_20180416_25-1200x786.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlion_number_13_20180416_25-1920x1258.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlion_number_13_20180416_25.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An adult wormlion emerges from its pupal stage as a fly. \u003ccite>(Joyce Gross)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gross has been collecting, rearing and photographing wormlions at her home in order to add both research and images to the next edition of the book. She’ll fill a plastic vial with ants from her backyard and will feed them regularly, keeping careful records of their eating patterns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve had animals all of my life, usually not insects,” said Gross. “Most people feel very bad that I don’t have a dog, but they don’t understand how I can enjoy my other pets. I do like feeding them. I have to admit there’s something about them waiting there and knowing that they’re hungry. It’s sort of like throwing a treat to my dog, but I’m tossing in an ant for my wormlions. They’re pretty ferocious for such tiny things. It amazes me that they don’t seem to get injured by these ants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941854\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1941854\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/IMG_0984-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"wormlions\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/IMG_0984-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/IMG_0984-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/IMG_0984-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/IMG_0984-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/IMG_0984-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/IMG_0984-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/IMG_0984.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Joyce Gross has been rearing an extensive collection of wormlions in her home for several years. \u003ccite>(Jenny Oh/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While she’s always been intrigued by the natural world, insects weren’t always her main focus. “I got interested in entomology partly because after digital cameras came around, it became really easy to photograph and learn about them. I was also photographing birds, reptiles and amphibians, but then insects really caught my attention. I like the variety of life histories, and I really like things that people don’t know as much about. There’s lots of birders. But with insects, there are so many of them and relatively few entomologists compared to the numbers of insects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Plus, it’s just fascinating learning about them. All the weird things that they do. And I love seeing these little tiny things blown up huge. They’re pretty amazing-looking creatures, some of them. That’s the photography aspect. You can also use that to ID things and learn about them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Informal contributions to research are integral to ongoing citizen science projects, such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.planetary.org/explore/projects/seti/seti-at-home.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SETI@home\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.inaturalist.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">iNaturalist\u003c/a>. But Kip Will, an \u003ca href=\"https://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/faculty/kipling-will\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">associate professor at UC Berkeley\u003c/a> who is leading the effort to update the “California Insects” guide, puts Gross in her own category.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve never thought of Joyce as a volunteer or a citizen scientist,” Will said. “She is a co-equal in the new edition of the field guide. Though she isn’t responsible for the text, she is handling all the images and most of the field work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She knows the natural history of local insects, in general, about as well as anyone,” he added. “A lot of people benefit from her efforts and generosity with images and observations she posts to places like \u003ca href=\"https://bugguide.net/node/view/15740\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BugGuide\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://calphotos.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CalPhotos\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941855\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1941855\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Vermileo_20180624_06-800x508.jpg\" alt=\"An adult wormlion.\" width=\"800\" height=\"508\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Vermileo_20180624_06-800x508.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Vermileo_20180624_06-160x102.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Vermileo_20180624_06-768x488.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Vermileo_20180624_06-1020x648.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Vermileo_20180624_06-1200x762.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Vermileo_20180624_06-1920x1219.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Vermileo_20180624_06.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An adult wormlion. \u003ccite>(Joyce Gross)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With the 30 or so wormlions that she has gathered in the field, Gross hopes they’ll mature into flies and lay eggs so she can document an entire life cycle. UC Berkeley’s \u003ca href=\"https://essig.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Essig Museum of Entomology\u003c/a> receives some of her specimens for its archives, and she said she may eventually publish her research after she’s amassed more data about the lives of wormlions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just exciting to me learning about all these insects I didn’t know about,” Gross said. “There are also a lot of questions and mysteries, but what we do know is interesting. Sharing stuff that I’ve learned either through photos or just observations online, that’s fun, too.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Straight out of science fiction, the fearsome wormlion ambushes prey at the bottom of a tidy—and terrifying—sand pit, then flicks their carcasses out. These meals fuel its transformation into something unexpected.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848607,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":883},"headData":{"title":"Meeting a Wormlion Is the Pits | KQED","description":"Straight out of science fiction, the fearsome wormlion ambushes prey at the bottom of a tidy—and terrifying—sand pit, then flicks their carcasses out. These meals fuel its transformation into something unexpected.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/dQMM93aySOw","sticky":false,"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","path":"/science/1941850/meeting-a-wormlion-is-the-pits","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941857\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1941857\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlions_20170812_11-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"wormlions\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlions_20170812_11-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlions_20170812_11-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlions_20170812_11-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlions_20170812_11-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlions_20170812_11-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlions_20170812_11-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlions_20170812_11.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An assortment of tiny wormlions. \u003ccite>(Joyce Gross)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"dl_subscribe","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Ominous creatures that lurk deep underground in the desert, like the sandworms in the classic science fiction novel \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dune_(novel)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Dune,”\u003c/a> aren’t just make-believe. For ants and other prey, wormlions are a terrifying reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941929\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1941929\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/joyce_20140719_03-800x980.jpg\" alt=\"Joyce Gross collecting beetles.\" width=\"800\" height=\"980\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/joyce_20140719_03-800x980.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/joyce_20140719_03-160x196.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/joyce_20140719_03-768x941.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/joyce_20140719_03-1020x1250.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/joyce_20140719_03-979x1200.jpg 979w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/joyce_20140719_03.jpg 1671w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Joyce Gross collecting beetles. \u003ccite>(Jae Sullivan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While quite small—they can grow up to an inch—wormlions are fly larvae that curl up their bodies like slingshots. Usually found under rock or log overhangs in dry, sandy landscapes, they’ll energetically fling soil, sand and pebbles out of the way to dig pit traps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once an unlucky critter falls in, wormlions move at lightning speed and quickly wrap their bodies around their victims. Squeezing them like boa constrictors, they also inject them with a paralyzing venom. They feed this way for several years, until they transform into adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joyce Gross, a computer programmer for the \u003ca href=\"https://bnhm.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC Berkeley Natural History Museums\u003c/a>, is fascinated by their unique hunting behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have such a weird life history,” she said. “They’re the only flies that dig pits like this, and wait for prey to fall in, just like antlions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gross, an avid photographer and naturalist in her spare time, has been studying these insects for over three years. Wormlions first appeared on her radar while collaborating with several entomologists to update Jerry Powell and Charles Hogue’s “\u003ca href=\"https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520037823/california-insects\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Insects\u003c/a>” field guide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941856\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1941856\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlion_number_13_20180416_25-800x524.jpg\" alt=\"adult wormlion\" width=\"800\" height=\"524\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlion_number_13_20180416_25-800x524.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlion_number_13_20180416_25-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlion_number_13_20180416_25-768x503.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlion_number_13_20180416_25-1020x668.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlion_number_13_20180416_25-1200x786.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlion_number_13_20180416_25-1920x1258.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/wormlion_number_13_20180416_25.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An adult wormlion emerges from its pupal stage as a fly. \u003ccite>(Joyce Gross)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gross has been collecting, rearing and photographing wormlions at her home in order to add both research and images to the next edition of the book. She’ll fill a plastic vial with ants from her backyard and will feed them regularly, keeping careful records of their eating patterns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve had animals all of my life, usually not insects,” said Gross. “Most people feel very bad that I don’t have a dog, but they don’t understand how I can enjoy my other pets. I do like feeding them. I have to admit there’s something about them waiting there and knowing that they’re hungry. It’s sort of like throwing a treat to my dog, but I’m tossing in an ant for my wormlions. They’re pretty ferocious for such tiny things. It amazes me that they don’t seem to get injured by these ants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941854\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1941854\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/IMG_0984-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"wormlions\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/IMG_0984-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/IMG_0984-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/IMG_0984-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/IMG_0984-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/IMG_0984-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/IMG_0984-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/IMG_0984.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Joyce Gross has been rearing an extensive collection of wormlions in her home for several years. \u003ccite>(Jenny Oh/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While she’s always been intrigued by the natural world, insects weren’t always her main focus. “I got interested in entomology partly because after digital cameras came around, it became really easy to photograph and learn about them. I was also photographing birds, reptiles and amphibians, but then insects really caught my attention. I like the variety of life histories, and I really like things that people don’t know as much about. There’s lots of birders. But with insects, there are so many of them and relatively few entomologists compared to the numbers of insects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Plus, it’s just fascinating learning about them. All the weird things that they do. And I love seeing these little tiny things blown up huge. They’re pretty amazing-looking creatures, some of them. That’s the photography aspect. You can also use that to ID things and learn about them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Informal contributions to research are integral to ongoing citizen science projects, such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.planetary.org/explore/projects/seti/seti-at-home.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SETI@home\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.inaturalist.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">iNaturalist\u003c/a>. But Kip Will, an \u003ca href=\"https://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/faculty/kipling-will\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">associate professor at UC Berkeley\u003c/a> who is leading the effort to update the “California Insects” guide, puts Gross in her own category.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve never thought of Joyce as a volunteer or a citizen scientist,” Will said. “She is a co-equal in the new edition of the field guide. Though she isn’t responsible for the text, she is handling all the images and most of the field work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She knows the natural history of local insects, in general, about as well as anyone,” he added. “A lot of people benefit from her efforts and generosity with images and observations she posts to places like \u003ca href=\"https://bugguide.net/node/view/15740\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BugGuide\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://calphotos.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CalPhotos\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941855\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1941855\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Vermileo_20180624_06-800x508.jpg\" alt=\"An adult wormlion.\" width=\"800\" height=\"508\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Vermileo_20180624_06-800x508.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Vermileo_20180624_06-160x102.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Vermileo_20180624_06-768x488.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Vermileo_20180624_06-1020x648.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Vermileo_20180624_06-1200x762.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Vermileo_20180624_06-1920x1219.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Vermileo_20180624_06.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An adult wormlion. \u003ccite>(Joyce Gross)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With the 30 or so wormlions that she has gathered in the field, Gross hopes they’ll mature into flies and lay eggs so she can document an entire life cycle. UC Berkeley’s \u003ca href=\"https://essig.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Essig Museum of Entomology\u003c/a> receives some of her specimens for its archives, and she said she may eventually publish her research after she’s amassed more data about the lives of wormlions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just exciting to me learning about all these insects I didn’t know about,” Gross said. “There are also a lot of questions and mysteries, but what we do know is interesting. Sharing stuff that I’ve learned either through photos or just observations online, that’s fun, too.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1941850/meeting-a-wormlion-is-the-pits","authors":["2100"],"series":["science_1935"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_86"],"tags":["science_57","science_83","science_190"],"featImg":"science_1941862","label":"science_1935"},"science_1939811":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1939811","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1939811","score":null,"sort":[1556024474000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"this-millipede-and-beetle-have-a-toxic-relationship","title":"This Millipede and Beetle Have a Toxic Relationship","publishDate":1556024474,"format":"video","headTitle":"This Millipede and Beetle Have a Toxic Relationship | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1935,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>[pullquote]\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-3SbfTPJsL8fJAPKiVqBLg?sub_confirmation=1\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Subscribe to Deep Look on Youtube\u003c/a>[/pullquote]Across Northern California, as the rainy season is ending and spring is taking hold, bees are buzzing, flowers are growing and hikers are hitting the trails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But down at ground level, the pastoral scenery is concealing a surprising battle: relentless chemical warfare between bugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 200 millipede species emerge from their underground lairs every year during the winter and early spring months to forage for food and seek mates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They have to fend off insects, mammals, reptiles and amphibians looking for a tasty meal. But they have a secret weapon — an array of toxic chemicals they shoot from special glands. One Bay Area species, Xystocheir dissecta, carries deadly cyanide and benzaldehyde.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If they’re feeling threatened, these millipedes produce an invisible, odorless hydrogen cyanide gas that they spray at predators, which is virtually toxic to all organisms. One byproduct is benzaldehyde, which gives off the scent of bitter almonds, as an additional signal that they’re secreting poison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1940186\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1940186\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Blue_Millipede-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"Xystocheir dissecta millipede glowing blue under UV light.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Blue_Millipede-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Blue_Millipede-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Blue_Millipede-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Blue_Millipede-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Blue_Millipede-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Blue_Millipede-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Blue_Millipede.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Xystocheir dissecta millipede glowing blue under UV light. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The millipedes don’t poison themselves, however. They’ve developed an immunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cyanide can kill nearly any other animal trying to dine on the millipedes. Except one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New research has found that one tough beetle is the only known predator in the world that can survive a direct blast of cyanide gas and keep going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1940184\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1940184\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/Brandt-Weary-With-Millipede-2-e1555013927931-1020x1360.jpg\" alt=\"Brandt Weary holds a Xystocheir dissecta millipede.\" width=\"640\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/Brandt-Weary-With-Millipede-2-e1555013927931-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/Brandt-Weary-With-Millipede-2-e1555013927931-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/Brandt-Weary-With-Millipede-2-e1555013927931-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/Brandt-Weary-With-Millipede-2-e1555013927931-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/Brandt-Weary-With-Millipede-2-e1555013927931-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/Brandt-Weary-With-Millipede-2-e1555013927931.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brandt Weary holds a Xystocheir dissecta millipede.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Brandt Weary, an entomologist, studied these hardy beetles last year for his senior thesis at UC Berkeley. The beetles, known as Promecognathus crassus, love to eat millipedes, even though they are only one-fifth the millipedes’ size.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weary wanted to know more about how the beetles withstood the millipedes’ tough chemical defense. He found that while many other beetles will avoid the cyanide-spraying millipedes, Promecognathus seeks them out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’d actually put them in a dish together and watch them hunt,” he said. “The millipedes are spraying cyanide, and the beetles don’t seem to mind. Then I actually tested to see if the beetles can resist cyanide. It seems that they can. It’s very unusual in the animal kingdom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His advisor, \u003ca href=\"https://pterostichini.wordpress.com/\">Kip Will\u003c/a>, an associate professor who oversaw Weary’s study, said researchers still aren’t entirely sure how the beetles can take a blast of cyanide that would kill many other insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We knew that the beetles preferred millipedes and seemed to be quite evolved to eat them, but that implies some mechanism by which they overcome or bypass nasty cyanide,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1940185\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1940185\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Beetle-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"Promecognathus crassus, a ground beetle common in the Bay Area.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Beetle-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Beetle-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Beetle-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Beetle-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Beetle-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Beetle-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Beetle.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Promecognathus crassus, a ground beetle common in the Bay Area. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When it attacks, the beetle clamps down on the millipede’s armor with its unusually long, scissors-like jaws and tries to decapitate it — eventually feeding on the insect from the inside to out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a little surreal to see behavior that I had only ever read in the literature,” Weary said. “At the time, their hunting behavior had never been caught on film and I had never observed it in the wild, so it felt like watching a rare nature documentary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weary also ran lab tests that exposed other species of beetles to the chemicals. Not only did Promecognathus last the longest, it was the most tolerant of them all. They were even able to withstand cyanide levels that would knock down beetles 10 times their size.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will said that Weary’s study is the first to do several things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These beetles don’t, or at least don’t need to, paralyze their prey as suggested by other research,” he said. “Other potential predators that might eat the millipedes actually don’t, and Promecognathus definitely does. And the beetle has a significantly greater tolerance — and perhaps a complete resistance — to cyanide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not sure of the biochemical way they do this yet,” Will said. “But whatever it is — an enzyme would be a good hypothesis — it is the first time that cyanide resistance has been shown to be in a predatory species.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All other known research involved insects that fed only on plants that contain cyanide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weary plans to focus more of his future research on centipedes and millipedes, but he said he was enthralled by the tough little beetles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have personalities. They’re different from each other, and they have their own little lives. It’s just really fascinating to watch them behave.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"This millipede uses deadly cyanide gas to keep predators at bay. But one beetle can tolerate the toxic defense and rides the millipede like a bucking bronco. Who will win this showdown in the forest? ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848726,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":786},"headData":{"title":"This Millipede and Beetle Have a Toxic Relationship | KQED","description":"This millipede uses deadly cyanide gas to keep predators at bay. But one beetle can tolerate the toxic defense and rides the millipede like a bucking bronco. Who will win this showdown in the forest? ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s5ocDRUFUIE","sticky":false,"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","path":"/science/1939811/this-millipede-and-beetle-have-a-toxic-relationship","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-3SbfTPJsL8fJAPKiVqBLg?sub_confirmation=1\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Subscribe to Deep Look on Youtube\u003c/a>","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Across Northern California, as the rainy season is ending and spring is taking hold, bees are buzzing, flowers are growing and hikers are hitting the trails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But down at ground level, the pastoral scenery is concealing a surprising battle: relentless chemical warfare between bugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 200 millipede species emerge from their underground lairs every year during the winter and early spring months to forage for food and seek mates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They have to fend off insects, mammals, reptiles and amphibians looking for a tasty meal. But they have a secret weapon — an array of toxic chemicals they shoot from special glands. One Bay Area species, Xystocheir dissecta, carries deadly cyanide and benzaldehyde.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If they’re feeling threatened, these millipedes produce an invisible, odorless hydrogen cyanide gas that they spray at predators, which is virtually toxic to all organisms. One byproduct is benzaldehyde, which gives off the scent of bitter almonds, as an additional signal that they’re secreting poison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1940186\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1940186\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Blue_Millipede-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"Xystocheir dissecta millipede glowing blue under UV light.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Blue_Millipede-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Blue_Millipede-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Blue_Millipede-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Blue_Millipede-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Blue_Millipede-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Blue_Millipede-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Blue_Millipede.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Xystocheir dissecta millipede glowing blue under UV light. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The millipedes don’t poison themselves, however. They’ve developed an immunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cyanide can kill nearly any other animal trying to dine on the millipedes. Except one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New research has found that one tough beetle is the only known predator in the world that can survive a direct blast of cyanide gas and keep going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1940184\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1940184\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/Brandt-Weary-With-Millipede-2-e1555013927931-1020x1360.jpg\" alt=\"Brandt Weary holds a Xystocheir dissecta millipede.\" width=\"640\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/Brandt-Weary-With-Millipede-2-e1555013927931-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/Brandt-Weary-With-Millipede-2-e1555013927931-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/Brandt-Weary-With-Millipede-2-e1555013927931-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/Brandt-Weary-With-Millipede-2-e1555013927931-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/Brandt-Weary-With-Millipede-2-e1555013927931-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/Brandt-Weary-With-Millipede-2-e1555013927931.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brandt Weary holds a Xystocheir dissecta millipede.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Brandt Weary, an entomologist, studied these hardy beetles last year for his senior thesis at UC Berkeley. The beetles, known as Promecognathus crassus, love to eat millipedes, even though they are only one-fifth the millipedes’ size.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weary wanted to know more about how the beetles withstood the millipedes’ tough chemical defense. He found that while many other beetles will avoid the cyanide-spraying millipedes, Promecognathus seeks them out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’d actually put them in a dish together and watch them hunt,” he said. “The millipedes are spraying cyanide, and the beetles don’t seem to mind. Then I actually tested to see if the beetles can resist cyanide. It seems that they can. It’s very unusual in the animal kingdom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His advisor, \u003ca href=\"https://pterostichini.wordpress.com/\">Kip Will\u003c/a>, an associate professor who oversaw Weary’s study, said researchers still aren’t entirely sure how the beetles can take a blast of cyanide that would kill many other insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We knew that the beetles preferred millipedes and seemed to be quite evolved to eat them, but that implies some mechanism by which they overcome or bypass nasty cyanide,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1940185\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1940185\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Beetle-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"Promecognathus crassus, a ground beetle common in the Bay Area.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Beetle-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Beetle-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Beetle-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Beetle-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Beetle-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Beetle-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/DL608_Beetle.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Promecognathus crassus, a ground beetle common in the Bay Area. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When it attacks, the beetle clamps down on the millipede’s armor with its unusually long, scissors-like jaws and tries to decapitate it — eventually feeding on the insect from the inside to out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a little surreal to see behavior that I had only ever read in the literature,” Weary said. “At the time, their hunting behavior had never been caught on film and I had never observed it in the wild, so it felt like watching a rare nature documentary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weary also ran lab tests that exposed other species of beetles to the chemicals. Not only did Promecognathus last the longest, it was the most tolerant of them all. They were even able to withstand cyanide levels that would knock down beetles 10 times their size.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will said that Weary’s study is the first to do several things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These beetles don’t, or at least don’t need to, paralyze their prey as suggested by other research,” he said. “Other potential predators that might eat the millipedes actually don’t, and Promecognathus definitely does. And the beetle has a significantly greater tolerance — and perhaps a complete resistance — to cyanide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not sure of the biochemical way they do this yet,” Will said. “But whatever it is — an enzyme would be a good hypothesis — it is the first time that cyanide resistance has been shown to be in a predatory species.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All other known research involved insects that fed only on plants that contain cyanide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weary plans to focus more of his future research on centipedes and millipedes, but he said he was enthralled by the tough little beetles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have personalities. They’re different from each other, and they have their own little lives. It’s just really fascinating to watch them behave.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1939811/this-millipede-and-beetle-have-a-toxic-relationship","authors":["2100"],"series":["science_1935"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_86"],"tags":["science_57","science_3370","science_83","science_190"],"featImg":"science_1940640","label":"science_1935"},"science_1937639":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1937639","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1937639","score":null,"sort":[1552392614000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"samurai-wasps-say-smell-ya-later-stink-bugs","title":"Samurai Wasps Say 'Smell Ya Later, Stink Bugs'","publishDate":1552392614,"format":"video","headTitle":"Samurai Wasps Say ‘Smell Ya Later, Stink Bugs’ | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1935,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1937646\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1937646\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/OSU-Stink-Bug-Colonies-e1549314495795-1020x1360.jpg\" alt=\"Colonies of brown marmorated stink bugs reared at Oregon State University.\" width=\"640\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/OSU-Stink-Bug-Colonies-e1549314495795-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/OSU-Stink-Bug-Colonies-e1549314495795-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/OSU-Stink-Bug-Colonies-e1549314495795-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/OSU-Stink-Bug-Colonies-e1549314495795-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/OSU-Stink-Bug-Colonies-e1549314495795-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/OSU-Stink-Bug-Colonies-e1549314495795-1920x2560.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Colonies of brown marmorated stink bugs reared at Oregon State University. \u003ccite>(Jenny Oh/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It looks rather harmless at first glance. With a speckled exterior and a shieldlike shape, the brown marmorated stink bug doesn’t appear to be different from any other six-legged insect that might pop up in your garden. But this particular bug, which arrived in the U.S. from Asia in the mid-1990s and smells like old socks when it is squashed, is a real nuisance. Not only can it \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/03/12/when-twenty-six-thousand-stinkbugs-invade-your-home\">invade homes by the thousands\u003c/a> in the wintertime, it’s one formidable agricultural pest, eating millions of dollars of peaches, apples and other crops since 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are now investigating a new tactic in the war on the stink bugs: the possibility of relying on one of the bug’s natural enemies, the samurai wasp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1937648\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1937648\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/Samurai-wasp-and-stink-bug-eggs-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"A samurai wasp sits on a mass of stink bug eggs at Oregon State University.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/Samurai-wasp-and-stink-bug-eggs-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/Samurai-wasp-and-stink-bug-eggs-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/Samurai-wasp-and-stink-bug-eggs-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/Samurai-wasp-and-stink-bug-eggs-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/Samurai-wasp-and-stink-bug-eggs-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/Samurai-wasp-and-stink-bug-eggs-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A samurai wasp sits on a mass of stink bug eggs at Oregon State University. \u003ccite>(Jenny Oh/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Also native to Asia, this parasitic wasp keeps the stink bug population in check there. How? By colonizing its rivals’ eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A female wasp will lay its own egg inside of a stink bug’s egg. About two weeks later, an adult samurai wasp will emerge. Between 60 to 90 percent of stink bug eggs in Asia are destroyed this way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But introducing a non-native biological control can pose risks, as previous scientists have discovered when trying to manage invasive species. In the late 1800s, mongooses released in Hawaii to manage rat populations wiped out native birds and turtles instead. In 1935, \u003ca href=\"https://australianmuseum.net.au/learn/animals/frogs/cane-toad/\">cane toads deployed in Australia\u003c/a> not only failed to reduce the beetles that were infesting sugar cane plantations, but they also created a host of other problems — including inadvertently killing animals that fed on the poisonous amphibians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists who were considering bringing samurai wasps into the U.S. discovered \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/08/scientists-spent-years-plan-import-wasp-kill-stinkbugs-then-it-showed-its-own\">they’d already hitchhiked here on their own\u003c/a>. The wasps have settled down in Oregon, where stink bugs have been feasting on hazelnuts and berries. David Lowenstein, a postdoctoral research associate at \u003ca href=\"https://agsci.oregonstate.edu/bmsb/brown-marmorated-stink-bug\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oregon State University\u003c/a>, has been rearing both stink bug and samurai wasp colonies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1937649\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1937649\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/David-Lowenstein-at-OSU-e1549314469808-1020x1360.jpg\" alt=\"David Lowenstein at Oregon State University.\" width=\"640\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/David-Lowenstein-at-OSU-e1549314469808-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/David-Lowenstein-at-OSU-e1549314469808-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/David-Lowenstein-at-OSU-e1549314469808-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/David-Lowenstein-at-OSU-e1549314469808-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/David-Lowenstein-at-OSU-e1549314469808-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/David-Lowenstein-at-OSU-e1549314469808-1920x2560.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Lowenstein at Oregon State University. \u003ccite>(Jenny Oh/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We hope that the wasp, which controls the stink bug well in its native range of China and South Korea, will do the same in the USA,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lowenstein said he has spent the last two years distributing the wasp around parts of Oregon where stink bugs are a threat to agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve had some success getting the wasps to survive the winter and be detected a year later,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s the biggest challenge with using the samurai wasps on a wider scale? Rearing and releasing thousands of them at multiple locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To get a high number of samurai wasps, I need to also obtain enough stink bug eggs,” Lowenstein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his team will release more wasps this summer, and he’s hoping they’ll find a partner to help them rear and release much larger numbers within two to three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could take much longer before the samurai wasp can be used for pest control around the country, as it has been found in only 12 states and Washington, D.C. But research is moving forward in other states, including New Jersey and California. While commercial crops grown in California haven’t felt the effects yet of the stink bug, \u003ca href=\"https://cisr.ucr.edu/brown_marmorated_stinkbug.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">researchers at UC Riverside\u003c/a> are still studying them — and samurai wasps — in the event that they pose a serious risk to the state’s multibillion-dollar agricultural industry. While there’s no sign of the wasps in California yet, chances are they’ll be following their foe from other states, too.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Yep, brown marmorated stink bugs are stinky, but that’s not the worst thing about them. They're imported agricultural pests eating their way across North America. But a native enemy from Asia – the tiny samurai wasp – has a particularly nasty method of stopping stink bugs in their tracks.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848806,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":650},"headData":{"title":"Samurai Wasps Say 'Smell Ya Later, Stink Bugs' | KQED","description":"Yep, brown marmorated stink bugs are stinky, but that’s not the worst thing about them. They're imported agricultural pests eating their way across North America. But a native enemy from Asia – the tiny samurai wasp – has a particularly nasty method of stopping stink bugs in their tracks.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/T8y2XmjdXqw","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1937639/samurai-wasps-say-smell-ya-later-stink-bugs","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"dl_subscribe","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1937646\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1937646\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/OSU-Stink-Bug-Colonies-e1549314495795-1020x1360.jpg\" alt=\"Colonies of brown marmorated stink bugs reared at Oregon State University.\" width=\"640\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/OSU-Stink-Bug-Colonies-e1549314495795-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/OSU-Stink-Bug-Colonies-e1549314495795-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/OSU-Stink-Bug-Colonies-e1549314495795-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/OSU-Stink-Bug-Colonies-e1549314495795-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/OSU-Stink-Bug-Colonies-e1549314495795-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/OSU-Stink-Bug-Colonies-e1549314495795-1920x2560.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Colonies of brown marmorated stink bugs reared at Oregon State University. \u003ccite>(Jenny Oh/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It looks rather harmless at first glance. With a speckled exterior and a shieldlike shape, the brown marmorated stink bug doesn’t appear to be different from any other six-legged insect that might pop up in your garden. But this particular bug, which arrived in the U.S. from Asia in the mid-1990s and smells like old socks when it is squashed, is a real nuisance. Not only can it \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/03/12/when-twenty-six-thousand-stinkbugs-invade-your-home\">invade homes by the thousands\u003c/a> in the wintertime, it’s one formidable agricultural pest, eating millions of dollars of peaches, apples and other crops since 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are now investigating a new tactic in the war on the stink bugs: the possibility of relying on one of the bug’s natural enemies, the samurai wasp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1937648\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1937648\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/Samurai-wasp-and-stink-bug-eggs-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"A samurai wasp sits on a mass of stink bug eggs at Oregon State University.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/Samurai-wasp-and-stink-bug-eggs-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/Samurai-wasp-and-stink-bug-eggs-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/Samurai-wasp-and-stink-bug-eggs-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/Samurai-wasp-and-stink-bug-eggs-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/Samurai-wasp-and-stink-bug-eggs-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/Samurai-wasp-and-stink-bug-eggs-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A samurai wasp sits on a mass of stink bug eggs at Oregon State University. \u003ccite>(Jenny Oh/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Also native to Asia, this parasitic wasp keeps the stink bug population in check there. How? By colonizing its rivals’ eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A female wasp will lay its own egg inside of a stink bug’s egg. About two weeks later, an adult samurai wasp will emerge. Between 60 to 90 percent of stink bug eggs in Asia are destroyed this way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But introducing a non-native biological control can pose risks, as previous scientists have discovered when trying to manage invasive species. In the late 1800s, mongooses released in Hawaii to manage rat populations wiped out native birds and turtles instead. In 1935, \u003ca href=\"https://australianmuseum.net.au/learn/animals/frogs/cane-toad/\">cane toads deployed in Australia\u003c/a> not only failed to reduce the beetles that were infesting sugar cane plantations, but they also created a host of other problems — including inadvertently killing animals that fed on the poisonous amphibians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists who were considering bringing samurai wasps into the U.S. discovered \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/08/scientists-spent-years-plan-import-wasp-kill-stinkbugs-then-it-showed-its-own\">they’d already hitchhiked here on their own\u003c/a>. The wasps have settled down in Oregon, where stink bugs have been feasting on hazelnuts and berries. David Lowenstein, a postdoctoral research associate at \u003ca href=\"https://agsci.oregonstate.edu/bmsb/brown-marmorated-stink-bug\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oregon State University\u003c/a>, has been rearing both stink bug and samurai wasp colonies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1937649\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1937649\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/David-Lowenstein-at-OSU-e1549314469808-1020x1360.jpg\" alt=\"David Lowenstein at Oregon State University.\" width=\"640\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/David-Lowenstein-at-OSU-e1549314469808-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/David-Lowenstein-at-OSU-e1549314469808-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/David-Lowenstein-at-OSU-e1549314469808-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/David-Lowenstein-at-OSU-e1549314469808-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/David-Lowenstein-at-OSU-e1549314469808-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/David-Lowenstein-at-OSU-e1549314469808-1920x2560.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Lowenstein at Oregon State University. \u003ccite>(Jenny Oh/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We hope that the wasp, which controls the stink bug well in its native range of China and South Korea, will do the same in the USA,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lowenstein said he has spent the last two years distributing the wasp around parts of Oregon where stink bugs are a threat to agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve had some success getting the wasps to survive the winter and be detected a year later,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s the biggest challenge with using the samurai wasps on a wider scale? Rearing and releasing thousands of them at multiple locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To get a high number of samurai wasps, I need to also obtain enough stink bug eggs,” Lowenstein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his team will release more wasps this summer, and he’s hoping they’ll find a partner to help them rear and release much larger numbers within two to three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could take much longer before the samurai wasp can be used for pest control around the country, as it has been found in only 12 states and Washington, D.C. But research is moving forward in other states, including New Jersey and California. While commercial crops grown in California haven’t felt the effects yet of the stink bug, \u003ca href=\"https://cisr.ucr.edu/brown_marmorated_stinkbug.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">researchers at UC Riverside\u003c/a> are still studying them — and samurai wasps — in the event that they pose a serious risk to the state’s multibillion-dollar agricultural industry. While there’s no sign of the wasps in California yet, chances are they’ll be following their foe from other states, too.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1937639/samurai-wasps-say-smell-ya-later-stink-bugs","authors":["2100"],"series":["science_1935"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_86"],"tags":["science_57","science_3370","science_83"],"featImg":"science_1937915","label":"science_1935"},"science_3401":{"type":"posts","id":"science_3401","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"3401","score":null,"sort":[1369763525000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"uc-berkeley-enlists-citizen-scientists-in-a-buggy-data-problem","title":"UC Berkeley Enlists Citizen Scientists in a Buggy Data Problem","publishDate":1369763525,"format":"aside","headTitle":"UC Berkeley Enlists Citizen Scientists in a Buggy Data Problem | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_3405\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 288px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/05/Calbug-moth-288x162.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-3405\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3405\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/05/Calbug-moth-288x162.jpg\" alt=\" A Brazilian skipper, one of the specimens in the Calbug project. (Image: Essig Museum of Entomology)\" width=\"288\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Brazilian skipper, one of the specimens in the Calbug project. (Image: Essig Museum of Entomology)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientists at UC Berkeley are asking the public to help with a problem that’s been bugging them – their century-old insect collection needs to be digitized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley’s \u003ca href=\"http://essig.berkeley.edu/\">Essig Museum of Entomology\u003c/a> has been gathering insect specimens since the 1880s. With 10,000 drawers filled with bugs, no one’s exactly sure how many there are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nobody’s really counted them,” says collections manager Peter Oboyski, “but we estimate that we have over five million specimens in our collection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of those insects are preserved on pinheads, attached to small labels that say where and when they were collected. Those field notes hold a valuable record of California’s natural history, but the information has never been transcribed into a database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_3407\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 198px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/05/Calbug-beetle-198x162.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-3407\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3407\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/05/Calbug-beetle-198x162.jpg\" alt=\"Members of the public help transcribe the labels on each insect. (Image: Essig Museum of Entomology)\" width=\"198\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the public transcribe the labels on each insect. (Image: Essig Museum of Entomology)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We estimate it would take decades, if not a hundred years, for us to go one-by-one and enter the data from every specimen,” Oboyski says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where the public comes in. Through a new online citizen science project called \u003ca href=\"http://www.notesfromnature.org/#/archives/calbug\">Calbug\u003c/a>, the public can pitch in by reviewing photos of the specimens and transcribing the field notes online. UC Berkeley has uploaded almost 100,000 specimens, with several other institutions soon to join in, like the California Academy of Sciences, UC Davis, San Diego Natural History Museum and the Los Angeles County Museum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this project works well for our museum, then it can be adapted for all the other collections across the country and even across the world, because there are millions of specimens out there waiting to be transcribed,” says Oboyski.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With each insect a unique data point, the collection provides a detailed look at California’s habitat. “They are a record of the past of California,” Oboyski says. “They give us a glimpse into the past of what the habitat might have looked, what the climate might have looked like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">There are more species of ants in the world than there are of birds\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Collections like this will become particularly valuable as scientists track how wildlife and plants shift with a changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have used our collection in the past to look at individual species and how they’ve changed in distribution over time,” he says. “Now we have the capacity to look at entire communities and how they move and change over time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insects are a crucial part of preserving biodiversity, Oboyski says. “There are more species of ants in the world than there are of birds, and that’s just one family of insects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.notesfromnature.org/#/archives/calbug\">How to pitch in\u003c/a> on the Calbug project\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How insects help track climate change in KQED QUEST’s \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/some-bugs-like-it-hot-climate-change-and-agricultural-pests/\">Heat and Harvest\u003c/a> documentary\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Scientists at UC Berkeley are asking the public to help transcribe field notes from millions of insect specimens.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704935712,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":499},"headData":{"title":"UC Berkeley Enlists Citizen Scientists in a Buggy Data Problem | KQED","description":"Scientists at UC Berkeley are asking the public to help transcribe field notes from millions of insect specimens.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/3401/uc-berkeley-enlists-citizen-scientists-in-a-buggy-data-problem","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_3405\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 288px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/05/Calbug-moth-288x162.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-3405\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3405\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/05/Calbug-moth-288x162.jpg\" alt=\" A Brazilian skipper, one of the specimens in the Calbug project. (Image: Essig Museum of Entomology)\" width=\"288\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Brazilian skipper, one of the specimens in the Calbug project. (Image: Essig Museum of Entomology)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientists at UC Berkeley are asking the public to help with a problem that’s been bugging them – their century-old insect collection needs to be digitized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley’s \u003ca href=\"http://essig.berkeley.edu/\">Essig Museum of Entomology\u003c/a> has been gathering insect specimens since the 1880s. With 10,000 drawers filled with bugs, no one’s exactly sure how many there are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nobody’s really counted them,” says collections manager Peter Oboyski, “but we estimate that we have over five million specimens in our collection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of those insects are preserved on pinheads, attached to small labels that say where and when they were collected. Those field notes hold a valuable record of California’s natural history, but the information has never been transcribed into a database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_3407\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 198px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/05/Calbug-beetle-198x162.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-3407\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3407\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/05/Calbug-beetle-198x162.jpg\" alt=\"Members of the public help transcribe the labels on each insect. (Image: Essig Museum of Entomology)\" width=\"198\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the public transcribe the labels on each insect. (Image: Essig Museum of Entomology)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We estimate it would take decades, if not a hundred years, for us to go one-by-one and enter the data from every specimen,” Oboyski says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where the public comes in. Through a new online citizen science project called \u003ca href=\"http://www.notesfromnature.org/#/archives/calbug\">Calbug\u003c/a>, the public can pitch in by reviewing photos of the specimens and transcribing the field notes online. UC Berkeley has uploaded almost 100,000 specimens, with several other institutions soon to join in, like the California Academy of Sciences, UC Davis, San Diego Natural History Museum and the Los Angeles County Museum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this project works well for our museum, then it can be adapted for all the other collections across the country and even across the world, because there are millions of specimens out there waiting to be transcribed,” says Oboyski.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With each insect a unique data point, the collection provides a detailed look at California’s habitat. “They are a record of the past of California,” Oboyski says. “They give us a glimpse into the past of what the habitat might have looked, what the climate might have looked like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">There are more species of ants in the world than there are of birds\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Collections like this will become particularly valuable as scientists track how wildlife and plants shift with a changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have used our collection in the past to look at individual species and how they’ve changed in distribution over time,” he says. “Now we have the capacity to look at entire communities and how they move and change over time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insects are a crucial part of preserving biodiversity, Oboyski says. “There are more species of ants in the world than there are of birds, and that’s just one family of insects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.notesfromnature.org/#/archives/calbug\">How to pitch in\u003c/a> on the Calbug project\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How insects help track climate change in KQED QUEST’s \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/some-bugs-like-it-hot-climate-change-and-agricultural-pests/\">Heat and Harvest\u003c/a> documentary\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/3401/uc-berkeley-enlists-citizen-scientists-in-a-buggy-data-problem","authors":["239"],"categories":["science_30","science_35","science_40","science_43"],"tags":["science_123","science_194","science_57","science_192","science_64","science_157","science_190"],"featImg":"science_3563","label":"science"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/possible-5gxfizEbKOJ-pbF5ASgxrs_.1400x1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ATC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0018_AmericanSuburb_iTunesTile_01.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0017_BayCurious_iTunesTile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/BBC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CodeSwitchLifeKit_StationGraphics_300x300EmailGraphic.png","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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