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Notably, the startup has yet to convince the Food and Drug Administration to allow it do so, said Musk, who has tangled with regulators over his other companies Tesla, SpaceX, and the Boring Company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And down the line? Musk wants the implants to be as safe and easy for healthy people to get as an elective procedure like LASIK vision correction surgery, the billionaire entrepreneur said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neuralink’s much-hyped presentation, delivered by Musk and his team Tuesday night here at a science museum in San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park, marked the first time that the secretive startup has spoken publicly about its work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company also released an \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6204648-Neuralink-White-Paper.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">unpublished research paper\u003c/a>, authored by “Elon Musk & Neuralink,” that described its technology. At its core are thousands of electrodes, laced into flexible “threads,” which are high-tech wires much thinner than a human hair. Neuralink has also built a surgical robot to insert the threads deep into the brain. The idea is that the electrodes would relay brain signals to an AirPod-like device mounted behind the ear that would wirelessly hook up with a smartphone app that people could control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 19 surgeries on rats, the startup successfully placed the threads 87% of the time, the paper said. Musk and his team said the technique has promise to capture more neural data more safely than existing approaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neuralink will face a long list of formidable obstacles as it aims to move from rats to the clinic. Decoding the mysteries of the brain is a steeper challenge than manufacturing cars or drilling tunnels or even building rockets. Even peer-reviewed and published data in rats usually disappoints when it gets translated to human patients — and Neuralink doesn’t even have that yet. And there are plenty of reasons that neuroscientists who have worked on brain-machine interfaces for years have yet to make nearly any commercial traction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk, whose eccentricities and outlandish Twitter presence have helped him build a cult following, put that offbeat personality on full display on Tuesday night. Donning a black jacket, a white button-up shirt, and no tie, he mused at one point about his technology giving people the option of merging with AI. “We are a brain in a vat,” he remarked at another point. Later, he spoke dreamily about communicating telepathically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about Neuralink’s animal research by a member of the audience, Musk turned earnest for a moment in speaking about the startup’s seriousness in caring for the rats it uses in its research — before making a joke that didn’t quite land about “karmic payback” for the Black Plague.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neuralink is also conducting research in monkeys at the University of California, Davis, Musk said. Then he spilled the goods: “A monkey has been able to control the computer with its brain,” Musk said. (At no point has the company provided evidence to support that assertion.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk had clearly gone off-script. Max Hodak, the company’s president up on stage beside him, seemed a bit rattled. “I didn’t realize we were running that result today, but there it goes,” Hodak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for its planned clinical study, Neuralink said it would focus on enrolling patients with paralysis of all four limbs due to a spinal cord injury. No details were shared about the intended size of study, nor the specific endpoints it would aim to evaluate. Musk did, however, say offhandedly that one of the company’s goals is to allow patients who are paraplegic to use their thoughts to type at a rate of 40 words per minute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about the company’s FDA pathway, Hodak said Neuralink would attempt to pursue an early feasibility study, under what’s known as an investigational device exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ryan Stellar, vice president of product management at Enzyme, a startup working on software to help life sciences companies with the regulatory process, told STAT that he expects technology as ambitious as Neuralink’s will demand rigorous, long-term study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unless the FDA is blinded by Elon’s star power, a premarket trial of significant size” — 100-1,000 people — “will probably be needed, with a minimum observational period of two years, but perhaps as much as seven,” Stellar speculated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Tuesday night’s event, Musk trotted out several key members of the team of scientists and executives he’s assembled to carry out the company’s ambitions. Among them were the company’s senior scientist, Philip Sabes, who was previously a full-time professor at the University of California, San Francisco, researching how the brain processes movement. Another was the company’s head neurosurgeon, Dr. Matthew MacDougall, who delivered his part of the presentation in blue scrubs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk said the event’s primary purpose was to recruit talent to the San Francisco-based startup, which has a headcount near 100. Neuralink’s website \u003ca href=\"https://jobs.lever.co/neuralink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lists\u003c/a> a handful of job postings, including for an accountant and a software engineer who can build robots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neuralink, which was incorporated in 2016, has brought in $158 million in funding, $100 million of it from Musk himself. In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1708503/000170850319000001/xslFormDX01/primary_doc.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission\u003c/a> this past May, the company said that it had brought in $39 million of an anticipated $51 million funding round.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neuralink’s big reveal, which was also \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r-vbh3t7WVI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">live-streamed online\u003c/a>, had an atmosphere unlike that of a typical corporate update. Attendees sipped red wine and posed for selfies. After the presentation, many of them crowded around a display case filled with several prototypes of Neuralink’s technology, jostling to take a perfectly framed smartphone photo. The scene was reminiscent of tourists in a museum shoving their way to the best position to snap a photo of a precious treasure from antiquity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neuralink’s event was invitation-only — interested attendees had to fill out an online form making a case for why they should get a golden ticket — and those who received an emailed invitation were asked, “for security reasons,” to refrain from publicly sharing the location of the event and to avoid bringing “any bags larger than a purse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until Tuesday night, Neuralink had disclosed little about its research, despite big promises from Musk. In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/09/07/elon-musk-discusses-neurolink-on-joe-rogan-podcast.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">September 2018 appearance\u003c/a> on the comedian Joe Rogan’s podcast, Musk smoked pot, drank whiskey, and posited that brain-machine interface technology “will enable anyone who wants to have superhuman cognition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/578542v1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">paper posted to a preprint server\u003c/a> in March, a team of researchers affiliated with Neuralink described a technique, which they likened to a “sewing machine,” similar to what was unveiled on Tuesday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neuralink has the highest profile among a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbinsights.com/research/neurotech-startups-to-watch/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">number of startups working on brain-machine interfaces\u003c/a>. A few of the buzziest include \u003ca href=\"https://kernel.co/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kernel\u003c/a>, founded by the 41-year-old tech entrepreneur and venture capitalist Bryan Johnson, and \u003ca href=\"https://paradromics.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Paradromics\u003c/a>, which is working on an implantable chip designed to record and stimulate electrical activity in the brain. DARPA, the U.S. Department of Defense agency focused on futuristic research projects, has \u003ca href=\"https://www.darpa.mil/news-events/2019-05-20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">its own initiative\u003c/a> that’s funded research with an eye toward the development of brain-machine interfaces that could be used by members of the military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the excitement around brain-machine interfaces, the field has made little commercial progress since the development of the first prototypes more than a decade ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first applications of the technology focused on movement. They aimed to read electrical signals in the motor cortex corresponding to the intention to move — and then used software to try to translate those signals into instructions to operate a computer cursor or robotic arm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, decoding brain signals into speech has \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/11/15/brain-computer-interface-translate-thoughts-speech/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">become the next frontier\u003c/a> in the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2019/07/17/elon-musk-wants-to-test-brain-reading-implants-in-paralyzed-patients-next-year/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Elon Musk's startup Neuralink wants to begin human testing of its so-called “brain-machine interface” in paralyzed patients by the end of next year.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848501,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1483},"headData":{"title":"Elon Musk’s Latest Startup Wants to Test Brain-Reading Sensors in Paralyzed Patients | KQED","description":"Elon Musk's startup Neuralink wants to begin human testing of its so-called “brain-machine interface” in paralyzed patients by the end of next year.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Elon Musk’s Latest Startup Wants to Test Brain-Reading Sensors in Paralyzed Patients","datePublished":"2019-07-17T18:07:38.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T01:01:41.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"STAT News","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Rebecca Robbins \u003cbr/>STAT News\u003cbr>","path":"/science/1945169/elon-musks-latest-startup-wants-to-test-brain-reading-sensors-in-paralyzed-patients","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In front of a crowd of techies packed into a planetarium, Elon Musk strode out on stage, waxed philosophical about achieving symbiosis with artificial intelligence, and made his latest ambitious pronouncement in a career that’s been full of them: His startup Neuralink has developed technology meant to be implanted into the brain that’s designed to allow people to operate computers and smartphones with their thoughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With some early animal testing under its belt, Neuralink wants to start human testing of its so-called “brain-machine interface” in paralyzed patients by the end of next year. Notably, the startup has yet to convince the Food and Drug Administration to allow it do so, said Musk, who has tangled with regulators over his other companies Tesla, SpaceX, and the Boring Company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And down the line? Musk wants the implants to be as safe and easy for healthy people to get as an elective procedure like LASIK vision correction surgery, the billionaire entrepreneur said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neuralink’s much-hyped presentation, delivered by Musk and his team Tuesday night here at a science museum in San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park, marked the first time that the secretive startup has spoken publicly about its work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company also released an \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6204648-Neuralink-White-Paper.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">unpublished research paper\u003c/a>, authored by “Elon Musk & Neuralink,” that described its technology. At its core are thousands of electrodes, laced into flexible “threads,” which are high-tech wires much thinner than a human hair. Neuralink has also built a surgical robot to insert the threads deep into the brain. The idea is that the electrodes would relay brain signals to an AirPod-like device mounted behind the ear that would wirelessly hook up with a smartphone app that people could control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 19 surgeries on rats, the startup successfully placed the threads 87% of the time, the paper said. Musk and his team said the technique has promise to capture more neural data more safely than existing approaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neuralink will face a long list of formidable obstacles as it aims to move from rats to the clinic. Decoding the mysteries of the brain is a steeper challenge than manufacturing cars or drilling tunnels or even building rockets. Even peer-reviewed and published data in rats usually disappoints when it gets translated to human patients — and Neuralink doesn’t even have that yet. And there are plenty of reasons that neuroscientists who have worked on brain-machine interfaces for years have yet to make nearly any commercial traction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk, whose eccentricities and outlandish Twitter presence have helped him build a cult following, put that offbeat personality on full display on Tuesday night. Donning a black jacket, a white button-up shirt, and no tie, he mused at one point about his technology giving people the option of merging with AI. “We are a brain in a vat,” he remarked at another point. Later, he spoke dreamily about communicating telepathically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about Neuralink’s animal research by a member of the audience, Musk turned earnest for a moment in speaking about the startup’s seriousness in caring for the rats it uses in its research — before making a joke that didn’t quite land about “karmic payback” for the Black Plague.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neuralink is also conducting research in monkeys at the University of California, Davis, Musk said. Then he spilled the goods: “A monkey has been able to control the computer with its brain,” Musk said. (At no point has the company provided evidence to support that assertion.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk had clearly gone off-script. Max Hodak, the company’s president up on stage beside him, seemed a bit rattled. “I didn’t realize we were running that result today, but there it goes,” Hodak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for its planned clinical study, Neuralink said it would focus on enrolling patients with paralysis of all four limbs due to a spinal cord injury. No details were shared about the intended size of study, nor the specific endpoints it would aim to evaluate. Musk did, however, say offhandedly that one of the company’s goals is to allow patients who are paraplegic to use their thoughts to type at a rate of 40 words per minute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about the company’s FDA pathway, Hodak said Neuralink would attempt to pursue an early feasibility study, under what’s known as an investigational device exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ryan Stellar, vice president of product management at Enzyme, a startup working on software to help life sciences companies with the regulatory process, told STAT that he expects technology as ambitious as Neuralink’s will demand rigorous, long-term study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unless the FDA is blinded by Elon’s star power, a premarket trial of significant size” — 100-1,000 people — “will probably be needed, with a minimum observational period of two years, but perhaps as much as seven,” Stellar speculated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Tuesday night’s event, Musk trotted out several key members of the team of scientists and executives he’s assembled to carry out the company’s ambitions. Among them were the company’s senior scientist, Philip Sabes, who was previously a full-time professor at the University of California, San Francisco, researching how the brain processes movement. Another was the company’s head neurosurgeon, Dr. Matthew MacDougall, who delivered his part of the presentation in blue scrubs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk said the event’s primary purpose was to recruit talent to the San Francisco-based startup, which has a headcount near 100. Neuralink’s website \u003ca href=\"https://jobs.lever.co/neuralink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lists\u003c/a> a handful of job postings, including for an accountant and a software engineer who can build robots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neuralink, which was incorporated in 2016, has brought in $158 million in funding, $100 million of it from Musk himself. In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1708503/000170850319000001/xslFormDX01/primary_doc.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission\u003c/a> this past May, the company said that it had brought in $39 million of an anticipated $51 million funding round.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neuralink’s big reveal, which was also \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r-vbh3t7WVI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">live-streamed online\u003c/a>, had an atmosphere unlike that of a typical corporate update. Attendees sipped red wine and posed for selfies. After the presentation, many of them crowded around a display case filled with several prototypes of Neuralink’s technology, jostling to take a perfectly framed smartphone photo. The scene was reminiscent of tourists in a museum shoving their way to the best position to snap a photo of a precious treasure from antiquity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neuralink’s event was invitation-only — interested attendees had to fill out an online form making a case for why they should get a golden ticket — and those who received an emailed invitation were asked, “for security reasons,” to refrain from publicly sharing the location of the event and to avoid bringing “any bags larger than a purse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until Tuesday night, Neuralink had disclosed little about its research, despite big promises from Musk. In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/09/07/elon-musk-discusses-neurolink-on-joe-rogan-podcast.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">September 2018 appearance\u003c/a> on the comedian Joe Rogan’s podcast, Musk smoked pot, drank whiskey, and posited that brain-machine interface technology “will enable anyone who wants to have superhuman cognition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/578542v1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">paper posted to a preprint server\u003c/a> in March, a team of researchers affiliated with Neuralink described a technique, which they likened to a “sewing machine,” similar to what was unveiled on Tuesday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neuralink has the highest profile among a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbinsights.com/research/neurotech-startups-to-watch/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">number of startups working on brain-machine interfaces\u003c/a>. A few of the buzziest include \u003ca href=\"https://kernel.co/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kernel\u003c/a>, founded by the 41-year-old tech entrepreneur and venture capitalist Bryan Johnson, and \u003ca href=\"https://paradromics.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Paradromics\u003c/a>, which is working on an implantable chip designed to record and stimulate electrical activity in the brain. DARPA, the U.S. Department of Defense agency focused on futuristic research projects, has \u003ca href=\"https://www.darpa.mil/news-events/2019-05-20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">its own initiative\u003c/a> that’s funded research with an eye toward the development of brain-machine interfaces that could be used by members of the military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the excitement around brain-machine interfaces, the field has made little commercial progress since the development of the first prototypes more than a decade ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first applications of the technology focused on movement. They aimed to read electrical signals in the motor cortex corresponding to the intention to move — and then used software to try to translate those signals into instructions to operate a computer cursor or robotic arm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, decoding brain signals into speech has \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/11/15/brain-computer-interface-translate-thoughts-speech/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">become the next frontier\u003c/a> in the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2019/07/17/elon-musk-wants-to-test-brain-reading-implants-in-paralyzed-patients-next-year/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1945169/elon-musks-latest-startup-wants-to-test-brain-reading-sensors-in-paralyzed-patients","authors":["byline_science_1945169"],"categories":["science_30","science_39","science_40"],"tags":["science_3663","science_5189","science_3838"],"featImg":"science_1945172","label":"source_science_1945169"},"science_1927081":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1927081","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1927081","score":null,"sort":[1531181981000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"spacex-rolls-out-kid-sized-submarine-to-assist-in-thai-cave-rescue","title":"SpaceX Rolls Out 'Kid-Sized Submarine' to Assist in Thai Cave Rescue","publishDate":1531181981,"format":"standard","headTitle":"SpaceX Rolls Out ‘Kid-Sized Submarine’ to Assist in Thai Cave Rescue | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>A mini-submarine designed by SpaceX engineers arrived in Thailand on Monday to assist with the rescue of four boys and their soccer coach, according to a series of tweets by SpaceX CEO Elon Musk.[contextly_sidebar id=”YhrgKZg4zh0OSJXzrWDPVdSAKHnVSgIy”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “kid size” submarine, named Wild Boar after the children’s soccer team, was designed in one day and is made of rocket parts. It is light enough to be carried by 2 divers and small enough to get through narrow gaps, Musk tweeted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A dive team has successfully rescued eight of the original 12 boys trapped in northern Thailand’s Tham Luang Nang Non cave. The only way to reach them was by navigating dark and tight passageways filled with muddy water and strong currents, as well as oxygen-depleted air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SpaceX submarine was tested over the weekend at Palisades Charter High School in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk tweeted out several videos of the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Testing underwater in LA pool \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/CDO2mtjP2D\">pic.twitter.com/CDO2mtjP2D\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Elon Musk (@elonmusk) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1016029967270928384?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 8, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Last week, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1015138953693880320&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F41098-elon-musk-spacex-engineers-thai-cave-rescue.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Musk announced\u003c/a> that he was sending engineers from his companies to aide with the rescue operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The boys, ages 11-16, and their 25-year-old coach have been trapped in the cave for two weeks, when they went exploring in northern Thailand’s Tham Luang Nang Non cave after a practice game. Monsoon flooding cut off their escape and prevented rescuers from finding them for almost 10 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The path out is considered especially complicated because of twists and turns in narrow flooded passages.[contextly_sidebar id=”Jp4i2vlFYTl6crh9q2DmNu3aEcG0XSjR”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mini-submarine, which uses a component from Spacex’s Falcon 9 rocket, could also be used one day for space rescue missions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With some mods, this could also work as an escape pod in space,” Musk tweeted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Engineers tweeted out videos of the mini-submarineduring testing in a Los Angeles pool. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927716,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":325},"headData":{"title":"SpaceX Rolls Out 'Kid-Sized Submarine' to Assist in Thai Cave Rescue | KQED","description":"Engineers tweeted out videos of the mini-submarineduring testing in a Los Angeles pool. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"SpaceX Rolls Out 'Kid-Sized Submarine' to Assist in Thai Cave Rescue","datePublished":"2018-07-10T00:19:41.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:01:56.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Technology","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1927081/spacex-rolls-out-kid-sized-submarine-to-assist-in-thai-cave-rescue","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A mini-submarine designed by SpaceX engineers arrived in Thailand on Monday to assist with the rescue of four boys and their soccer coach, according to a series of tweets by SpaceX CEO Elon Musk.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “kid size” submarine, named Wild Boar after the children’s soccer team, was designed in one day and is made of rocket parts. It is light enough to be carried by 2 divers and small enough to get through narrow gaps, Musk tweeted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A dive team has successfully rescued eight of the original 12 boys trapped in northern Thailand’s Tham Luang Nang Non cave. The only way to reach them was by navigating dark and tight passageways filled with muddy water and strong currents, as well as oxygen-depleted air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SpaceX submarine was tested over the weekend at Palisades Charter High School in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk tweeted out several videos of the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Testing underwater in LA pool \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/CDO2mtjP2D\">pic.twitter.com/CDO2mtjP2D\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Elon Musk (@elonmusk) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1016029967270928384?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 8, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Last week, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1015138953693880320&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F41098-elon-musk-spacex-engineers-thai-cave-rescue.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Musk announced\u003c/a> that he was sending engineers from his companies to aide with the rescue operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The boys, ages 11-16, and their 25-year-old coach have been trapped in the cave for two weeks, when they went exploring in northern Thailand’s Tham Luang Nang Non cave after a practice game. Monsoon flooding cut off their escape and prevented rescuers from finding them for almost 10 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The path out is considered especially complicated because of twists and turns in narrow flooded passages.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mini-submarine, which uses a component from Spacex’s Falcon 9 rocket, could also be used one day for space rescue missions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With some mods, this could also work as an escape pod in space,” Musk tweeted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1927081/spacex-rolls-out-kid-sized-submarine-to-assist-in-thai-cave-rescue","authors":["11428"],"categories":["science_89","science_35","science_37","science_40"],"tags":["science_5189","science_970","science_461"],"featImg":"science_1927090","label":"source_science_1927081"},"science_1916116":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1916116","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1916116","score":null,"sort":[1506927714000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"elon-musk-shares-mars-colony-plans","title":"Elon Musk Shares Mars Colony Plans","publishDate":1506927714,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Elon Musk Shares Mars Colony Plans | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.iafastro.org/events/iac/iac-2017/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International Astronautical Congress\u003c/a> gathered in Australia last week with sessions on nano-satellites and a talk called “\u003ca href=\"http://www.iafastro.org/events/iac/iac-2017/plenary-programme/50-ways-to-leave-your-earth/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">50 Ways to Leave Your Earth\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Billionaire inventor \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/elon-musk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Elon Musk\u003c/a> was there to taut one way to get off our home planet—a rocket his company \u003ca href=\"http://www.spacex.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SpaceX\u003c/a> is developing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk said the Mars rocket will be ready to launch in 2022. We look at how realistic that plan is:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/554854527/554854528\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\nCopyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Billionaire inventor Elon Musk said his company SpaceX is developing a Mars rocket that will be ready to launch in 2022. We look at how realistic that plan is.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928360,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":83},"headData":{"title":"Elon Musk Shares Mars Colony Plans | KQED","description":"Billionaire inventor Elon Musk said his company SpaceX is developing a Mars rocket that will be ready to launch in 2022. We look at how realistic that plan is.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Elon Musk Shares Mars Colony Plans","datePublished":"2017-10-02T07:01:54.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:12:40.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"NPR","sourceUrl":"http://www.npr.org/","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Nell Greenfieldboyce\u003c/br>NPR","nprStoryId":"554854527","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=554854527&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/2017/10/01/554854527/lulus-log-musks-mars-rockets?ft=nprml&f=554854527","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Sun, 01 Oct 2017 08:09:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Sun, 01 Oct 2017 08:08:39 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Sun, 01 Oct 2017 08:08:39 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/wesun/2017/10/20171001_wesun_lulus_log_musks_mars_rockets.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1026&d=236&p=10&story=554854527&t=progseg&e=554854023&seg=16&ft=nprml&f=554854527","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1554854528-ebcd45.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1026&d=236&p=10&story=554854527&t=progseg&e=554854023&seg=16&ft=nprml&f=554854527","path":"/science/1916116/elon-musk-shares-mars-colony-plans","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/wesun/2017/10/20171001_wesun_lulus_log_musks_mars_rockets.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1026&d=236&p=10&story=554854527&t=progseg&e=554854023&seg=16&ft=nprml&f=554854527","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.iafastro.org/events/iac/iac-2017/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International Astronautical Congress\u003c/a> gathered in Australia last week with sessions on nano-satellites and a talk called “\u003ca href=\"http://www.iafastro.org/events/iac/iac-2017/plenary-programme/50-ways-to-leave-your-earth/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">50 Ways to Leave Your Earth\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Billionaire inventor \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/elon-musk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Elon Musk\u003c/a> was there to taut one way to get off our home planet—a rocket his company \u003ca href=\"http://www.spacex.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SpaceX\u003c/a> is developing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk said the Mars rocket will be ready to launch in 2022. We look at how realistic that plan is:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/554854527/554854528\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\nCopyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1916116/elon-musk-shares-mars-colony-plans","authors":["byline_science_1916116"],"categories":["science_28","science_40"],"tags":["science_5189","science_5179"],"featImg":"science_1916126","label":"source_science_1916116"},"science_1446539":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1446539","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1446539","score":null,"sort":[1488830426000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"moon-travel-must-have-a-big-checkbook","title":"Moon Travel Must: Have a Big Checkbook","publishDate":1488830426,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Moon Travel Must: Have a Big Checkbook | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Elon Musk, founder of SpaceX, surprised pretty much everyone recently when he \u003ca href=\"http://www.spacex.com/news/2017/02/27/spacex-send-privately-crewed-dragon-spacecraft-beyond-moon-next-year\">revealed \u003c/a>that sometime late next year, the company will use one of its unmanned spacecraft to fly two lucky, unnamed wealthy space tourists all the way around the moon, into deep space and back again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s historic in many ways — not least because it would be the first time in more than 40 years that any human has gone that far into space. And the logo on the rocket will be SpaceX, not NASA — a fact that is \u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/35861-spacex-could-beat-nasa-to-the-moon.html?utm_source=sp-newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=20170301-sdc\">lost on no one\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement raises interesting questions about the state of space tourism and private space exploration. For answers, we turned to \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/users/sshostak\">Seth Shostak\u003c/a>, Senior Astronomer with the SETI Institute in Mountain View. He sat down with KQED Morning News anchor Brian Watt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This conversation has been edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt\u003c/strong>: \u003cstrong>So if this mission goes as planned, it would be the first time in 45 years any human has gone this far into space. This would be a remotely piloted spacecraft. When was the last time we went to the moon, and why haven’t we been back?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shostak: That was\u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_598.html\"> the Apollo mission in 1972\u003c/a>, and it was the last time anyone went any distance farther than the distance between San Francisco and Los Angeles, into space. So this is a big thing. It’s 1,000 times farther.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Apollo program ended, the assumption was, we’d done what we wanted to do, which was largely geopolitical — we wanted to beat the Russians to the moon, and we did that. And after that, the financial incentive to do more than that kind of faded away. There was a plan to send at least three more manned missions to the moon — they didn’t happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It seems easy to build rockets in the movies, it always works. But in real life, it’s not what you would call a mature technology.’\u003ccite>Seth Shostak, SETI Institute\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Everyone assumed what was coming down the pike was to send people to our little ruddy buddy, Mars. And so there were plans drawn up, and the president said to NASA, “Okay, figure out how much that’s going to cost.” And they came up with a price tag of something like $500 billion, and he said, “Think again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So that hasn’t happened. We haven’t sent people any farther into orbit. And I think that on some level, the public is aware that we haven’t done anything spectacular in space for a very long time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: Has Mars essentially usurped the moon as our destination of choice? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shostak: I think so. The moon is only 240,000 miles away, which is more or less what I have on my Honda. Mars, on the other hand, is like 30 million miles away. That’s a much bigger trip. You can get to the moon in a couple of days. To get to Mars would take you half a year. And Mars has attractions that the moon doesn’t have. Mars was once a kinder, gentler world with waters on the surface — rivers, lakes, maybe even oceans. It may even still have life under the surface. None of that can be said for the moon. Mars is a more interesting, if a more difficult, target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: So what does it say about the state of space exploration that a private company is getting astronauts back to the moon before NASA can? Are we going to see more of this kind of private space travel, do you think?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shostak: I kind of hope that we will, actually. The idea that NASA may over-engineer some things or that they’re too conservative – these may be legitimate complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”MFGF5Gx16tH0wKns0uccb6HcGZXniikX”]NASA is sensitive to the fact that when it kills a couple of people, there’s a big reaction. And private industry doesn’t have that problem yet, because it hasn’t killed anybody. But space is dangerous. I think you liken it to aviation – after the Wright brothers, for many years it was basically a U.S. Army project to develop aircraft. But if the government had stayed the sole developer of airplanes, it would cost you a lot of money to go anywhere in an aircraft today. The private sector got involved, they were able to drive down costs and commercialize it. Today, you can buy an airline ticket for what some people would consider a reasonable price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think the same thing may happen in space. If you’re really going to open up space to more people than just a few astronauts every year, then privatization’s a good thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: You touched on something very important. SpaceX has never flown people before, and it actually has had \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2015/06/28/technology/spacex-rocket/\">two rockets\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2016/10/cause-spacexs-explosion-gets-little-clearer/\">blow up\u003c/a> in the last two years. Are there some unique risks to a mission like this because it involves a private company? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shostak: Well, there is the question of, do you trust their engineering, have they done enough testing? That sort of thing. It seems easy to build rockets in the movies, it always works. But in real life, it’s\u003ca href=\"http://www.popularmechanics.com/space/rockets/a25065/spacex-uphill-battle-crew-approval/\"> not what you would call a mature technology\u003c/a>. So there is that danger. And there’s also the case that if you’re going to send somebody up a couple of hundred thousand miles into space – if they get into trouble up there, it’s very, very hard to get them back. It’s really tricky, because they’re so far away. If you send them up into orbit — and there’s been plenty of talk about sending tourists into orbit around the Earth — they’re only a couple of hundred miles away. So if they get into trouble, you might be able to bring them back right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re on the back side of the moon, sailing through space out there, it’s hard to do anything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: We still don’t know who’s going to be on this flight. The Falcon Heavy rocket system that would launch these tourists into space costs\u003ca href=\"http://www.spacex.com/about/capabilities\"> $90 million dollars\u003c/a> by itself, without factoring in the riders. How much could we expect something like this to cost? And what kind of space tourist can afford something like this?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shostak: The estimates I’ve seen are in the millions of dollars. That’s a lot of money to spend on an interesting weekend. If you’re a billionaire — and there are plenty of billionaires these days — then you’re talking about one-thousandth of your annual income to make this ride. If it cost $3 million to go and see the moon, I think you’d have people every weekend who’d want to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: So, drawing on your expertise here: How long would a trip around the moon and back take, and is there a trajectory through space you need to take to get there?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shostak: Generally you choose the trajectory that involves the least amount of energy, meaning fuel. Keep in mind that the moon is moving around in space, so whatever way you’re going to go to the moon, you have to loop around a moving target. But we have plenty of experience doing that. The moon is, as I mentioned, 240,000 miles away. This rocket will sail past the moon, and eventually the gravity of the Earth will bring it around, and bring it back to Earth, where it will land. It may go 300,000 or 400,000 miles from Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: So if I’m a space tourist and my check doesn’t bounce, I can tell my family, “I’ll see you in a few days”?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shostak: Well, there’s no guarantee you’ll see them in a few days, but probably you will. I have to point out that the Russians, have been taking people to the International Space Station for years, and the tab for that is $20 million. So this is a lot farther. It sounds like a deal to me.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"SETI Astronomer Seth Shostak says privatized space tourism, like SpaceX's moonshot for millionaires, will bring the price of space travel down for everyone. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704929020,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1435},"headData":{"title":"Moon Travel Must: Have a Big Checkbook | KQED","description":"SETI Astronomer Seth Shostak says privatized space tourism, like SpaceX's moonshot for millionaires, will bring the price of space travel down for everyone. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Moon Travel Must: Have a Big Checkbook","datePublished":"2017-03-06T20:00:26.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:23:40.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/03/WEBSETI2wayWatt170306.mp3","sticky":false,"nprByline":"KQED Science ","path":"/science/1446539/moon-travel-must-have-a-big-checkbook","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Elon Musk, founder of SpaceX, surprised pretty much everyone recently when he \u003ca href=\"http://www.spacex.com/news/2017/02/27/spacex-send-privately-crewed-dragon-spacecraft-beyond-moon-next-year\">revealed \u003c/a>that sometime late next year, the company will use one of its unmanned spacecraft to fly two lucky, unnamed wealthy space tourists all the way around the moon, into deep space and back again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s historic in many ways — not least because it would be the first time in more than 40 years that any human has gone that far into space. And the logo on the rocket will be SpaceX, not NASA — a fact that is \u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/35861-spacex-could-beat-nasa-to-the-moon.html?utm_source=sp-newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=20170301-sdc\">lost on no one\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement raises interesting questions about the state of space tourism and private space exploration. For answers, we turned to \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/users/sshostak\">Seth Shostak\u003c/a>, Senior Astronomer with the SETI Institute in Mountain View. He sat down with KQED Morning News anchor Brian Watt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This conversation has been edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt\u003c/strong>: \u003cstrong>So if this mission goes as planned, it would be the first time in 45 years any human has gone this far into space. This would be a remotely piloted spacecraft. When was the last time we went to the moon, and why haven’t we been back?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shostak: That was\u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_598.html\"> the Apollo mission in 1972\u003c/a>, and it was the last time anyone went any distance farther than the distance between San Francisco and Los Angeles, into space. So this is a big thing. It’s 1,000 times farther.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Apollo program ended, the assumption was, we’d done what we wanted to do, which was largely geopolitical — we wanted to beat the Russians to the moon, and we did that. And after that, the financial incentive to do more than that kind of faded away. There was a plan to send at least three more manned missions to the moon — they didn’t happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It seems easy to build rockets in the movies, it always works. But in real life, it’s not what you would call a mature technology.’\u003ccite>Seth Shostak, SETI Institute\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Everyone assumed what was coming down the pike was to send people to our little ruddy buddy, Mars. And so there were plans drawn up, and the president said to NASA, “Okay, figure out how much that’s going to cost.” And they came up with a price tag of something like $500 billion, and he said, “Think again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So that hasn’t happened. We haven’t sent people any farther into orbit. And I think that on some level, the public is aware that we haven’t done anything spectacular in space for a very long time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: Has Mars essentially usurped the moon as our destination of choice? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shostak: I think so. The moon is only 240,000 miles away, which is more or less what I have on my Honda. Mars, on the other hand, is like 30 million miles away. That’s a much bigger trip. You can get to the moon in a couple of days. To get to Mars would take you half a year. And Mars has attractions that the moon doesn’t have. Mars was once a kinder, gentler world with waters on the surface — rivers, lakes, maybe even oceans. It may even still have life under the surface. None of that can be said for the moon. Mars is a more interesting, if a more difficult, target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: So what does it say about the state of space exploration that a private company is getting astronauts back to the moon before NASA can? Are we going to see more of this kind of private space travel, do you think?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shostak: I kind of hope that we will, actually. The idea that NASA may over-engineer some things or that they’re too conservative – these may be legitimate complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>NASA is sensitive to the fact that when it kills a couple of people, there’s a big reaction. And private industry doesn’t have that problem yet, because it hasn’t killed anybody. But space is dangerous. I think you liken it to aviation – after the Wright brothers, for many years it was basically a U.S. Army project to develop aircraft. But if the government had stayed the sole developer of airplanes, it would cost you a lot of money to go anywhere in an aircraft today. The private sector got involved, they were able to drive down costs and commercialize it. Today, you can buy an airline ticket for what some people would consider a reasonable price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think the same thing may happen in space. If you’re really going to open up space to more people than just a few astronauts every year, then privatization’s a good thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: You touched on something very important. SpaceX has never flown people before, and it actually has had \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2015/06/28/technology/spacex-rocket/\">two rockets\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2016/10/cause-spacexs-explosion-gets-little-clearer/\">blow up\u003c/a> in the last two years. Are there some unique risks to a mission like this because it involves a private company? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shostak: Well, there is the question of, do you trust their engineering, have they done enough testing? That sort of thing. It seems easy to build rockets in the movies, it always works. But in real life, it’s\u003ca href=\"http://www.popularmechanics.com/space/rockets/a25065/spacex-uphill-battle-crew-approval/\"> not what you would call a mature technology\u003c/a>. So there is that danger. And there’s also the case that if you’re going to send somebody up a couple of hundred thousand miles into space – if they get into trouble up there, it’s very, very hard to get them back. It’s really tricky, because they’re so far away. If you send them up into orbit — and there’s been plenty of talk about sending tourists into orbit around the Earth — they’re only a couple of hundred miles away. So if they get into trouble, you might be able to bring them back right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re on the back side of the moon, sailing through space out there, it’s hard to do anything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: We still don’t know who’s going to be on this flight. The Falcon Heavy rocket system that would launch these tourists into space costs\u003ca href=\"http://www.spacex.com/about/capabilities\"> $90 million dollars\u003c/a> by itself, without factoring in the riders. How much could we expect something like this to cost? And what kind of space tourist can afford something like this?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shostak: The estimates I’ve seen are in the millions of dollars. That’s a lot of money to spend on an interesting weekend. If you’re a billionaire — and there are plenty of billionaires these days — then you’re talking about one-thousandth of your annual income to make this ride. If it cost $3 million to go and see the moon, I think you’d have people every weekend who’d want to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: So, drawing on your expertise here: How long would a trip around the moon and back take, and is there a trajectory through space you need to take to get there?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shostak: Generally you choose the trajectory that involves the least amount of energy, meaning fuel. Keep in mind that the moon is moving around in space, so whatever way you’re going to go to the moon, you have to loop around a moving target. But we have plenty of experience doing that. The moon is, as I mentioned, 240,000 miles away. This rocket will sail past the moon, and eventually the gravity of the Earth will bring it around, and bring it back to Earth, where it will land. It may go 300,000 or 400,000 miles from Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: So if I’m a space tourist and my check doesn’t bounce, I can tell my family, “I’ll see you in a few days”?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shostak: Well, there’s no guarantee you’ll see them in a few days, but probably you will. I have to point out that the Russians, have been taking people to the International Space Station for years, and the tab for that is $20 million. So this is a lot farther. It sounds like a deal to me.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1446539/moon-travel-must-have-a-big-checkbook","authors":["byline_science_1446539"],"categories":["science_28","science_40","science_42"],"tags":["science_5189","science_5179","science_5175","science_922","science_970"],"featImg":"science_1447002","label":"science"},"science_1367470":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1367470","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1367470","score":null,"sort":[1486166931000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"which-way-are-political-winds-blowing-for-nasa","title":"Which Way Are Political Winds Blowing for NASA?","publishDate":1486166931,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Which Way Are Political Winds Blowing for NASA? | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>As high-minded and visionary as the narrative of space exploration can be, real ventures into outer space are heavily grounded in financial, technical and political reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a new administration in the White House that has been characterized by game-changing executive orders and unpredictable pivots on foreign and domestic policy, what may be in store for NASA’s mission of space exploration?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Visions of Presidents Past\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, some history. What ultimately got humans to the moon in the late 1960’s and early 1970’s was not some lofty goal of raising humanity above a mire of terrestrial problems, but a struggle for dominance between global superpowers, and a president—John F. Kennedy—setting us on that path. The Apollo Program resulted in twelve men landing on the moon, but it was eventually cancelled—among several reasons, because it had successfully accomplished the primary political objective of beating the Soviet Union to a moon landing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1368128\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1368128\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/apollo11.jpg\" alt=\"NASA astronaut Buzz Aldrin during the historic Apollo 11 mission, which first landed men on the moon in 1969.\" width=\"1000\" height=\"780\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/apollo11.jpg 1000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/apollo11-160x125.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/apollo11-800x624.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/apollo11-768x599.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/apollo11-960x749.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/apollo11-240x187.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/apollo11-375x293.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/apollo11-520x406.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA astronaut Buzz Aldrin during the historic Apollo 11 mission, which first landed men on the moon in 1969. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>George W. Bush’s administration set its sights on a \u003ca href=\"http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/moontomars/\">constellation of space achievements\u003c/a>—the “Constellation” Program—whose goals included the completion of the International Space Station, a return of human astronauts to the moon by no later than 2020, and ultimately, a crewed flight to Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Barack Obama took office, he cancelled most of his predecessor’s Constellation program, though elements of it, like the Orion spacecraft and a new heavy-lift launch vehicle, were retained. Along with this hardware, \u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2016/02/09/president-obama-proposes-19-billion-nasa-fiscal-2017/80053964/\">new plans\u003c/a> for crewed missions to an asteroid (in 2025) and a Mars orbital mission (2030) were put into place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1368237\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1368237\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/journeytomars.jpg\" alt=\"Elements of NASA's "Journey To Mars" vision, whose goal is to send humans to Mars around 2030. \" width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/journeytomars.jpg 1000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/journeytomars-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/journeytomars-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/journeytomars-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/journeytomars-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/journeytomars-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/journeytomars-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/journeytomars-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elements of NASA’s “Journey To Mars” vision, whose goal is to send humans to Mars around 2030. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Which Direction Will NASA Fly Now?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, since the winds of space exploration—at least with respect to the U.S. and NASA—seem to shift reliably with the changing of the guard in Washington D.C., what might a Trump presidency mean for our ongoing exploration of the final frontier?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a question without a solid answer yet—particularly in the absence of a John F. Kennedy-style “Man on the Moon in less than a decade” vision for NASA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far since President Trump took office, NASA has not received any\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2017/01/25/nasa-under-trump-is-still-waiting-for-marching-and-launching-orders/?utm_term=.c607fe61ee19\"> new marching orders\u003c/a>, or even a new NASA Administrator—although the Trump NASA “landing team” has been\u003ca href=\"http://spacenews.com/trump-transition-office-adding-commercial-space-expertise-to-nasa-landing-team/\"> setting up camp\u003c/a> to start legwork for the transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past year leading up to the November elections, then-\u003ca href=\"http://www.planetary.org/get-involved/be-a-space-advocate/election2016/trump.html\">candidate Trump said variously of NASA\u003c/a>: that it was one of the most important agencies in the United States government and should remain so; that NASA should be focused on deep-space activities, and that Earth-centric work is best handled by other agencies; and that he wants to free NASA from serving as a logistics agency for low-Earth-orbit activity and refocus its mission on space exploration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Privatization of Space Travel?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another of Trump’s pre-election comments pertaining to NASA was that the government’s space policy should be coordinated to determine where private sector solutions could take the lead, and do so without government investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent years have seen a rise in the involvement of privately-held companies in the traditionally public realm of space exploration, both in terms of partnerships between government and the private sector and through independent business ventures .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $10 million Ansari X Prize competition in 2004 challenged non-government organizations around the world to develop space-faring technology. “\u003ca href=\"http://www.scaled.com/projects/tierone/\">SpaceShipOne\u003c/a>,” built by Scaled Composites, won the prize that year. Later, Scaled Composites entered into a joint venture with the Virgin Group toward taking passengers into space under the name \u003ca href=\"http://www.virgingalactic.com/\">Virgin Galactic\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1368238\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 900px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1368238\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/dragon.jpg\" alt=\"SpaceX Corporation's "Dragon" space capsule, currently operating as an un-crewed cargo vessel to supply the ISS. SpaceX is also developing a crewed version, "Dragon 2". \" width=\"900\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/dragon.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/dragon-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/dragon-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/dragon-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/dragon-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/dragon-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/dragon-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">SpaceX Corporation’s “Dragon” space capsule, currently operating as an un-crewed cargo vessel to supply the ISS. SpaceX is also developing a crewed version, “Dragon 2”. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since the retirement of NASA’s Space Shuttle fleet, some of the work of supplying of the International Space Station has been carried out by the “Dragon” spacecraft and the Falcon 9 launch vehicle, both produced by Elon Musk’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.spacex.com/about\">SpaceX corporation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the media is abuzz over \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2016/09/elon-musk-colonize-mars/\">Elon Musk’s intrepid goals\u003c/a> for SpaceX to send humans to Mars by as early as 2024, and ultimately to colonize it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elon Musk was \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/alanohnsman/2017/02/02/elon-musk-to-stay-on-trump-business-council-voice-immigration-order-objections/#1bb3d73d1949\">recently named to\u003c/a> President Trump’s business Advisory Forum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever vision the Trump administration has in mind for NASA’s direction in space exploration, it seems likely that the involvement of private business in the endeavor will continue to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"What direction might President Trump's White House take with NASA's space exploration program? Candidate Trump's comments were telling. Here's what we know so far. \r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704929116,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":813},"headData":{"title":"Which Way Are Political Winds Blowing for NASA? | KQED","description":"What direction might President Trump's White House take with NASA's space exploration program? Candidate Trump's comments were telling. Here's what we know so far. \r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Which Way Are Political Winds Blowing for NASA?","datePublished":"2017-02-04T00:08:51.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:25:16.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/1367470/which-way-are-political-winds-blowing-for-nasa","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As high-minded and visionary as the narrative of space exploration can be, real ventures into outer space are heavily grounded in financial, technical and political reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a new administration in the White House that has been characterized by game-changing executive orders and unpredictable pivots on foreign and domestic policy, what may be in store for NASA’s mission of space exploration?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Visions of Presidents Past\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, some history. What ultimately got humans to the moon in the late 1960’s and early 1970’s was not some lofty goal of raising humanity above a mire of terrestrial problems, but a struggle for dominance between global superpowers, and a president—John F. Kennedy—setting us on that path. The Apollo Program resulted in twelve men landing on the moon, but it was eventually cancelled—among several reasons, because it had successfully accomplished the primary political objective of beating the Soviet Union to a moon landing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1368128\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1368128\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/apollo11.jpg\" alt=\"NASA astronaut Buzz Aldrin during the historic Apollo 11 mission, which first landed men on the moon in 1969.\" width=\"1000\" height=\"780\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/apollo11.jpg 1000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/apollo11-160x125.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/apollo11-800x624.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/apollo11-768x599.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/apollo11-960x749.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/apollo11-240x187.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/apollo11-375x293.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/apollo11-520x406.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA astronaut Buzz Aldrin during the historic Apollo 11 mission, which first landed men on the moon in 1969. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>George W. Bush’s administration set its sights on a \u003ca href=\"http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/moontomars/\">constellation of space achievements\u003c/a>—the “Constellation” Program—whose goals included the completion of the International Space Station, a return of human astronauts to the moon by no later than 2020, and ultimately, a crewed flight to Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Barack Obama took office, he cancelled most of his predecessor’s Constellation program, though elements of it, like the Orion spacecraft and a new heavy-lift launch vehicle, were retained. Along with this hardware, \u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2016/02/09/president-obama-proposes-19-billion-nasa-fiscal-2017/80053964/\">new plans\u003c/a> for crewed missions to an asteroid (in 2025) and a Mars orbital mission (2030) were put into place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1368237\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1368237\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/journeytomars.jpg\" alt=\"Elements of NASA's "Journey To Mars" vision, whose goal is to send humans to Mars around 2030. \" width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/journeytomars.jpg 1000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/journeytomars-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/journeytomars-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/journeytomars-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/journeytomars-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/journeytomars-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/journeytomars-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/journeytomars-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elements of NASA’s “Journey To Mars” vision, whose goal is to send humans to Mars around 2030. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Which Direction Will NASA Fly Now?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, since the winds of space exploration—at least with respect to the U.S. and NASA—seem to shift reliably with the changing of the guard in Washington D.C., what might a Trump presidency mean for our ongoing exploration of the final frontier?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a question without a solid answer yet—particularly in the absence of a John F. Kennedy-style “Man on the Moon in less than a decade” vision for NASA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far since President Trump took office, NASA has not received any\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2017/01/25/nasa-under-trump-is-still-waiting-for-marching-and-launching-orders/?utm_term=.c607fe61ee19\"> new marching orders\u003c/a>, or even a new NASA Administrator—although the Trump NASA “landing team” has been\u003ca href=\"http://spacenews.com/trump-transition-office-adding-commercial-space-expertise-to-nasa-landing-team/\"> setting up camp\u003c/a> to start legwork for the transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past year leading up to the November elections, then-\u003ca href=\"http://www.planetary.org/get-involved/be-a-space-advocate/election2016/trump.html\">candidate Trump said variously of NASA\u003c/a>: that it was one of the most important agencies in the United States government and should remain so; that NASA should be focused on deep-space activities, and that Earth-centric work is best handled by other agencies; and that he wants to free NASA from serving as a logistics agency for low-Earth-orbit activity and refocus its mission on space exploration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Privatization of Space Travel?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another of Trump’s pre-election comments pertaining to NASA was that the government’s space policy should be coordinated to determine where private sector solutions could take the lead, and do so without government investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent years have seen a rise in the involvement of privately-held companies in the traditionally public realm of space exploration, both in terms of partnerships between government and the private sector and through independent business ventures .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $10 million Ansari X Prize competition in 2004 challenged non-government organizations around the world to develop space-faring technology. “\u003ca href=\"http://www.scaled.com/projects/tierone/\">SpaceShipOne\u003c/a>,” built by Scaled Composites, won the prize that year. Later, Scaled Composites entered into a joint venture with the Virgin Group toward taking passengers into space under the name \u003ca href=\"http://www.virgingalactic.com/\">Virgin Galactic\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1368238\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 900px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1368238\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/dragon.jpg\" alt=\"SpaceX Corporation's "Dragon" space capsule, currently operating as an un-crewed cargo vessel to supply the ISS. SpaceX is also developing a crewed version, "Dragon 2". \" width=\"900\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/dragon.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/dragon-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/dragon-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/dragon-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/dragon-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/dragon-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/dragon-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">SpaceX Corporation’s “Dragon” space capsule, currently operating as an un-crewed cargo vessel to supply the ISS. SpaceX is also developing a crewed version, “Dragon 2”. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since the retirement of NASA’s Space Shuttle fleet, some of the work of supplying of the International Space Station has been carried out by the “Dragon” spacecraft and the Falcon 9 launch vehicle, both produced by Elon Musk’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.spacex.com/about\">SpaceX corporation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the media is abuzz over \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2016/09/elon-musk-colonize-mars/\">Elon Musk’s intrepid goals\u003c/a> for SpaceX to send humans to Mars by as early as 2024, and ultimately to colonize it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elon Musk was \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/alanohnsman/2017/02/02/elon-musk-to-stay-on-trump-business-council-voice-immigration-order-objections/#1bb3d73d1949\">recently named to\u003c/a> President Trump’s business Advisory Forum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever vision the Trump administration has in mind for NASA’s direction in space exploration, it seems likely that the involvement of private business in the endeavor will continue to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1367470/which-way-are-political-winds-blowing-for-nasa","authors":["6180"],"categories":["science_28","science_40"],"tags":["science_3221","science_5189","science_5175"],"featImg":"science_1368126","label":"science"},"science_723030":{"type":"posts","id":"science_723030","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"723030","score":null,"sort":[1464354023000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"its-not-your-parents-solar-system-anymore","title":"It's Not Your Parents' Solar System Anymore","publishDate":1464354023,"format":"standard","headTitle":"It’s Not Your Parents’ Solar System Anymore | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Ten years ago, Pluto was reclassified as dwarf planet — a result of discovering other solar system objects of comparable size.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than a year ago, the New Horizons spacecraft gave us our first up-close look at Pluto and its system of moons. These historic events define a decade in which our understanding of the solar system blossomed as never before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advancements in technology have enhanced our ability to detect, observe and analyze outer space. In addition, a wider field of players in solar system exploration has played no small role in the information explosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only do multiple countries now conduct space missions — the U.S., Russia, Europe, Japan, China, India and others — private entities like Elon Musk’s SpaceX corporation are also getting into the game, to the extent of \u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/32719-spacex-red-dragon-mars-missions-2018.html\">pursuing human missions to Mars\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_723135\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-723135\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/plutobeforeandafter-800x400.jpg\" alt=\"Pluto, before and after New Horizons. Artist concept (left), New Horizons (right).\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/plutobeforeandafter-800x400.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/plutobeforeandafter-400x200.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/plutobeforeandafter-768x384.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/plutobeforeandafter-960x480.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/plutobeforeandafter.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pluto, before and after New Horizons. Artist concept (left), New Horizons (right). \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Not very long ago, \u003ca href=\"http://www.schoolphysics.co.uk/age14-16/Astronomy/text/Theories_of_the_solar_system/index.html\">textbooks taught us\u003c/a> that our sun is the center of a system of nine planets, a belt of little understood bodies of rock (asteroids) between Mars and Jupiter and a mostly invisible host of mysterious comets that periodically enter our awareness when one passes close to the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was then, this is now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a quick headcount of \u003ca href=\"http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/\">what we now know to exist\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Eight major planets — the four “terrestrial” planets of the inner solar system and four gas giants of the outer solar system.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Five official dwarf planets, including Ceres (the largest object in the Main Asteroid Belt) and Pluto.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>At least 150 “\u003ca href=\"http://www.windows2universe.org/pluto/kuiper_belt/trans_neptune_objects.html\">Trans-Neptunian Objects\u003c/a>” (minor planets whose average distances from the sun are greater than Neptune’s) that may eventually be classified as dwarf planets.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>At least 179 moons orbiting planets and dwarf planets.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>About half a million \u003ca href=\"http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/asteroids/indepth\">asteroids\u003c/a>, most of them in the Main Asteroid Belt.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>And about 4,000 comets.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_723137\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-723137 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/tnos.jpg\" alt=\"The largest Trans-Neptunian Objects of the Kuiper Belt, compared to Earth.\" width=\"800\" height=\"549\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/tnos.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/tnos-400x275.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/tnos-768x527.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The largest Trans-Neptunian Objects of the Kuiper Belt, compared to Earth. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s what we know of. Estimates based on observation and theory suggest this is only the tip of the iceberg, and that there are probably tens of thousands of sizable bodies (larger than 60 miles across) and perhaps hundreds of billions of smaller comet-like objects out there — mostly orbiting beyond Neptune.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond the sheer body-count, the past decade has also turned up fine details of objects that have been real eye-openers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mars, long ago, was partially covered in\u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/28983-ancient-mars-oceans-big-waves.html\"> seas of liquid water\u003c/a>, likely salty, with an environment that may have been friendly to life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jupiter’s moon \u003ca href=\"http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/europa\">Europa \u003c/a>hides under its icy outer crust an ocean containing more liquid water than all of Earth’s oceans, warmed by energy spewing from its interior generated by tidal forces of Jupiter’s gravity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saturn’s moon \u003ca href=\"https://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/science/enceladus/\">Enceladus\u003c/a> — which is barely 300 miles in diameter—erupts with jets of water vapor and harbors liquid water beneath its surface, and possibly the chemistry that could support life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_723136\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-723136\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ancient-mars-seas-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of the ancient, water-covered Mars.\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ancient-mars-seas-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ancient-mars-seas-400x400.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ancient-mars-seas-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ancient-mars-seas-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ancient-mars-seas-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ancient-mars-seas-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ancient-mars-seas-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ancient-mars-seas-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ancient-mars-seas-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ancient-mars-seas-150x150.jpg 150w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ancient-mars-seas.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of the ancient, water-covered Mars. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Saturn’s largest moon, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/content/ten-years-ago-huygens-probe-lands-on-surface-of-titan\">Titan\u003c/a>, is practically a cryogenic version of Earth, with a thick nitrogen atmosphere that supports a liquid-methane analog of Earth’s water cycle, complete with clouds, rain, river runoff, and lakes and seas of the stuff. (Make no mistake, though, if you took a swim in these seas, you would freeze solid in seconds.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even cold, distant Pluto supports \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/feature/pluto-on-frozen-pond\">dynamic processes\u003c/a> on its surface: glacier-like flows of nitrogen slush, cryovolcanoes and possibly tectonic activity. And we learned this just within the past year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A smaller dwarf planet than Pluto — \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/subject/6883/ceres/\">Ceres\u003c/a> — has shown signs of activity: water vapor outgassing from its surface, and bright mineral deposits possibly left behind by eruptions from beneath its crust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most exciting part of our burgeoning awareness of the solar system’s surprises may be those yet to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the advancement in technology and the enterprises that participated in space exploration over the past decade changed our thinking about the solar system in such profound ways, imagine what the next decade will bring. Further advancements in Earth and \u003ca href=\"http://jwst.nasa.gov/comparison.html\">space-based observatories\u003c/a>, robotic spacecraft and probes, and even human expeditions into space are already in the works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What might we know by 2026?\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In the past decade our understanding of the solar system has exploded as never before. This \"springtime\" of discovery is powered both by advancements in technology and a broader field of players participating in space exploration. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704930124,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":739},"headData":{"title":"It's Not Your Parents' Solar System Anymore | KQED","description":"In the past decade our understanding of the solar system has exploded as never before. This "springtime" of discovery is powered both by advancements in technology and a broader field of players participating in space exploration. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"It's Not Your Parents' Solar System Anymore","datePublished":"2016-05-27T13:00:23.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:42:04.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/723030/its-not-your-parents-solar-system-anymore","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ten years ago, Pluto was reclassified as dwarf planet — a result of discovering other solar system objects of comparable size.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than a year ago, the New Horizons spacecraft gave us our first up-close look at Pluto and its system of moons. These historic events define a decade in which our understanding of the solar system blossomed as never before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advancements in technology have enhanced our ability to detect, observe and analyze outer space. In addition, a wider field of players in solar system exploration has played no small role in the information explosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only do multiple countries now conduct space missions — the U.S., Russia, Europe, Japan, China, India and others — private entities like Elon Musk’s SpaceX corporation are also getting into the game, to the extent of \u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/32719-spacex-red-dragon-mars-missions-2018.html\">pursuing human missions to Mars\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_723135\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-723135\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/plutobeforeandafter-800x400.jpg\" alt=\"Pluto, before and after New Horizons. Artist concept (left), New Horizons (right).\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/plutobeforeandafter-800x400.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/plutobeforeandafter-400x200.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/plutobeforeandafter-768x384.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/plutobeforeandafter-960x480.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/plutobeforeandafter.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pluto, before and after New Horizons. Artist concept (left), New Horizons (right). \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Not very long ago, \u003ca href=\"http://www.schoolphysics.co.uk/age14-16/Astronomy/text/Theories_of_the_solar_system/index.html\">textbooks taught us\u003c/a> that our sun is the center of a system of nine planets, a belt of little understood bodies of rock (asteroids) between Mars and Jupiter and a mostly invisible host of mysterious comets that periodically enter our awareness when one passes close to the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was then, this is now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a quick headcount of \u003ca href=\"http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/\">what we now know to exist\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Eight major planets — the four “terrestrial” planets of the inner solar system and four gas giants of the outer solar system.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Five official dwarf planets, including Ceres (the largest object in the Main Asteroid Belt) and Pluto.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>At least 150 “\u003ca href=\"http://www.windows2universe.org/pluto/kuiper_belt/trans_neptune_objects.html\">Trans-Neptunian Objects\u003c/a>” (minor planets whose average distances from the sun are greater than Neptune’s) that may eventually be classified as dwarf planets.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>At least 179 moons orbiting planets and dwarf planets.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>About half a million \u003ca href=\"http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/asteroids/indepth\">asteroids\u003c/a>, most of them in the Main Asteroid Belt.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>And about 4,000 comets.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_723137\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-723137 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/tnos.jpg\" alt=\"The largest Trans-Neptunian Objects of the Kuiper Belt, compared to Earth.\" width=\"800\" height=\"549\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/tnos.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/tnos-400x275.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/tnos-768x527.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The largest Trans-Neptunian Objects of the Kuiper Belt, compared to Earth. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s what we know of. Estimates based on observation and theory suggest this is only the tip of the iceberg, and that there are probably tens of thousands of sizable bodies (larger than 60 miles across) and perhaps hundreds of billions of smaller comet-like objects out there — mostly orbiting beyond Neptune.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond the sheer body-count, the past decade has also turned up fine details of objects that have been real eye-openers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mars, long ago, was partially covered in\u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/28983-ancient-mars-oceans-big-waves.html\"> seas of liquid water\u003c/a>, likely salty, with an environment that may have been friendly to life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jupiter’s moon \u003ca href=\"http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/europa\">Europa \u003c/a>hides under its icy outer crust an ocean containing more liquid water than all of Earth’s oceans, warmed by energy spewing from its interior generated by tidal forces of Jupiter’s gravity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saturn’s moon \u003ca href=\"https://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/science/enceladus/\">Enceladus\u003c/a> — which is barely 300 miles in diameter—erupts with jets of water vapor and harbors liquid water beneath its surface, and possibly the chemistry that could support life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_723136\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-723136\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ancient-mars-seas-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of the ancient, water-covered Mars.\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ancient-mars-seas-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ancient-mars-seas-400x400.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ancient-mars-seas-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ancient-mars-seas-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ancient-mars-seas-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ancient-mars-seas-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ancient-mars-seas-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ancient-mars-seas-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ancient-mars-seas-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ancient-mars-seas-150x150.jpg 150w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ancient-mars-seas.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of the ancient, water-covered Mars. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Saturn’s largest moon, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/content/ten-years-ago-huygens-probe-lands-on-surface-of-titan\">Titan\u003c/a>, is practically a cryogenic version of Earth, with a thick nitrogen atmosphere that supports a liquid-methane analog of Earth’s water cycle, complete with clouds, rain, river runoff, and lakes and seas of the stuff. (Make no mistake, though, if you took a swim in these seas, you would freeze solid in seconds.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even cold, distant Pluto supports \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/feature/pluto-on-frozen-pond\">dynamic processes\u003c/a> on its surface: glacier-like flows of nitrogen slush, cryovolcanoes and possibly tectonic activity. And we learned this just within the past year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A smaller dwarf planet than Pluto — \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/subject/6883/ceres/\">Ceres\u003c/a> — has shown signs of activity: water vapor outgassing from its surface, and bright mineral deposits possibly left behind by eruptions from beneath its crust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most exciting part of our burgeoning awareness of the solar system’s surprises may be those yet to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the advancement in technology and the enterprises that participated in space exploration over the past decade changed our thinking about the solar system in such profound ways, imagine what the next decade will bring. Further advancements in Earth and \u003ca href=\"http://jwst.nasa.gov/comparison.html\">space-based observatories\u003c/a>, robotic spacecraft and probes, and even human expeditions into space are already in the works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What might we know by 2026?\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/723030/its-not-your-parents-solar-system-anymore","authors":["6180"],"categories":["science_28","science_40"],"tags":["science_5189","science_2172","science_5191","science_576"],"featImg":"science_723134","label":"science"},"science_11198":{"type":"posts","id":"science_11198","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"11198","score":null,"sort":[1384913149000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"what-does-a-federal-safety-investigation-mean-for-tesla","title":"What Does a Federal Safety Investigation Mean for Tesla?","publishDate":1384913149,"format":"aside","headTitle":"What Does a Federal Safety Investigation Mean for Tesla? | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Tuesday morning, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration announced it would\u003ca href=\"http://www-odi.nhtsa.dot.gov/acms/cs/jaxrs/download/doc/UCM446471/INOA-PE13037-1867.PDF\"> investigate two incidents\u003c/a> (PDF) in which Tesla Model S sedans caught fire. Both times the cars hit debris on a highway and the undercarriage and batteries were damaged. (There was a \u003ca href=\"http://green.autoblog.com/2013/10/28/second-tesla-model-s-fire-caught-on-video-after-mexico-crash/\">third accident in Mexico\u003c/a>, but being in a different country, it’s not in the NHTSA’s jurisdiction.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AP gets into details of the investigation:\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\" src=\"http://ww3.hdnux.com/photos/24/56/03/5431490/3/200x200.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/science/article/US-safety-agency-opens-probe-into-Tesla-fires-4992789.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">US safety agency opens probe into Tesla fires\u003c/a>The probe affects more than 13,000 cars from the 2013 model year that were sold in the U.S. Tesla has sold about 19,000 of the cars worldwide. They start at $70,000 but often run more than $100,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float: right\">\u003ca title=\"Powered by Embedly\" href=\"http://embed.ly/code?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fnews%2Fscience%2Farticle%2FUS-safety-agency-opens-probe-into-Tesla-fires-4992789.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">via \u003ca class=\"media-attribution-link\" href=\"http://www.sfgate.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sfgate\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>So what does it mean for the Palo Also-based carmaker? Bradley Berman, editor of \u003ca href=\"http://www.plugincars.com/\">PluginCars.com\u003c/a> (and a \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/bradleyberman/\">one-time KQED contributor\u003c/a>), said he’s not surprised by all the scrutiny Tesla’s been subjected to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a rockstar company with a rockstar CEO,” he said. “And a beautiful, award-winning, expensive, fast vehicle. So that’s a magnet for attention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berman said that while many more gas cars catch on fire each year, the investigation is justified. “The Tesla Model S has sold a few thousand vehicles, versus some electric cars out there that have sold in the tens of thousands that have not had this problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berman said some of the questions that come up for him are, how close is the battery to the front of the vehicle? Does the power of the car mean that people tend to drive it too fast? Is the material of the undercarriage providing enough protection, and should it be modified?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Visnick, a senior editor at Edmunds.com said if he owned a Tesla, he wouldn’t be concerned. “It’s one of those wait and see situations,” he said. “But it is troubling because it is the same type of incident, and it is something that does seem to point to a need for some kind of action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Visnick said, it’s too early to worry about Tesla’s reputation. “Tesla’s built up a tremendous amount of goodwill with the buying public, with the auto industry itself and really as a tech company.” he said. “Unless we see this expanded into something more endemic about the design of the car that would cause a full-blown recall, for instance. But there are recalls every day and consumers have become fairly sanguine about it all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla’s CEO Elon Musk wrote a \u003ca href=\"http://www.teslamotors.com/blog/mission-tesla\">blog post\u003c/a> that highlights the Model S’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.teslamotors.com/about/press/releases/tesla-model-s-achieves-best-safety-rating-any-car-ever-tested\">safety record\u003c/a>. And he outlined three actions Tesla will take now: a software update that will make the cars stay higher off the ground when traveling at highway speeds, a request for the NHTSA investigation (though the NHTSA \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/autos/la-fi-hy-nhtsa-tesla-fire-probe-20131118,0,7392997.story?page=2#axzz2l7R1SXV0\">disputes that Tesla made that request\u003c/a>) and an expansion of the warranty, to cover all car fires.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Tuesday morning, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration announced it would investigate two incidents in which Tesla Model S sedans caught fire. Both times the cars hit debris on a highway and the undercarriage and batteries were damaged.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704934669,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":516},"headData":{"title":"What Does a Federal Safety Investigation Mean for Tesla? | KQED","description":"Tuesday morning, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration announced it would investigate two incidents in which Tesla Model S sedans caught fire. Both times the cars hit debris on a highway and the undercarriage and batteries were damaged.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"What Does a Federal Safety Investigation Mean for Tesla?","datePublished":"2013-11-20T02:05:49.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-11T00:57:49.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/11198/what-does-a-federal-safety-investigation-mean-for-tesla","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tuesday morning, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration announced it would\u003ca href=\"http://www-odi.nhtsa.dot.gov/acms/cs/jaxrs/download/doc/UCM446471/INOA-PE13037-1867.PDF\"> investigate two incidents\u003c/a> (PDF) in which Tesla Model S sedans caught fire. Both times the cars hit debris on a highway and the undercarriage and batteries were damaged. (There was a \u003ca href=\"http://green.autoblog.com/2013/10/28/second-tesla-model-s-fire-caught-on-video-after-mexico-crash/\">third accident in Mexico\u003c/a>, but being in a different country, it’s not in the NHTSA’s jurisdiction.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AP gets into details of the investigation:\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\" src=\"http://ww3.hdnux.com/photos/24/56/03/5431490/3/200x200.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/science/article/US-safety-agency-opens-probe-into-Tesla-fires-4992789.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">US safety agency opens probe into Tesla fires\u003c/a>The probe affects more than 13,000 cars from the 2013 model year that were sold in the U.S. Tesla has sold about 19,000 of the cars worldwide. They start at $70,000 but often run more than $100,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float: right\">\u003ca title=\"Powered by Embedly\" href=\"http://embed.ly/code?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fnews%2Fscience%2Farticle%2FUS-safety-agency-opens-probe-into-Tesla-fires-4992789.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">via \u003ca class=\"media-attribution-link\" href=\"http://www.sfgate.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sfgate\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>So what does it mean for the Palo Also-based carmaker? Bradley Berman, editor of \u003ca href=\"http://www.plugincars.com/\">PluginCars.com\u003c/a> (and a \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/bradleyberman/\">one-time KQED contributor\u003c/a>), said he’s not surprised by all the scrutiny Tesla’s been subjected to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a rockstar company with a rockstar CEO,” he said. “And a beautiful, award-winning, expensive, fast vehicle. So that’s a magnet for attention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berman said that while many more gas cars catch on fire each year, the investigation is justified. “The Tesla Model S has sold a few thousand vehicles, versus some electric cars out there that have sold in the tens of thousands that have not had this problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berman said some of the questions that come up for him are, how close is the battery to the front of the vehicle? Does the power of the car mean that people tend to drive it too fast? Is the material of the undercarriage providing enough protection, and should it be modified?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Visnick, a senior editor at Edmunds.com said if he owned a Tesla, he wouldn’t be concerned. “It’s one of those wait and see situations,” he said. “But it is troubling because it is the same type of incident, and it is something that does seem to point to a need for some kind of action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Visnick said, it’s too early to worry about Tesla’s reputation. “Tesla’s built up a tremendous amount of goodwill with the buying public, with the auto industry itself and really as a tech company.” he said. “Unless we see this expanded into something more endemic about the design of the car that would cause a full-blown recall, for instance. But there are recalls every day and consumers have become fairly sanguine about it all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla’s CEO Elon Musk wrote a \u003ca href=\"http://www.teslamotors.com/blog/mission-tesla\">blog post\u003c/a> that highlights the Model S’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.teslamotors.com/about/press/releases/tesla-model-s-achieves-best-safety-rating-any-car-ever-tested\">safety record\u003c/a>. And he outlined three actions Tesla will take now: a software update that will make the cars stay higher off the ground when traveling at highway speeds, a request for the NHTSA investigation (though the NHTSA \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/autos/la-fi-hy-nhtsa-tesla-fire-probe-20131118,0,7392997.story?page=2#axzz2l7R1SXV0\">disputes that Tesla made that request\u003c/a>) and an expansion of the warranty, to cover all car fires.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/11198/what-does-a-federal-safety-investigation-mean-for-tesla","authors":["200"],"categories":["science_89","science_40"],"tags":["science_845","science_5189"],"featImg":"science_11228","label":"science"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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