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Find her on Twitter @Al_R_Wallace","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f08760c1295c7adfc339c9eb765a3230?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"Allie Weill | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f08760c1295c7adfc339c9eb765a3230?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f08760c1295c7adfc339c9eb765a3230?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/aweill"},"jmejiamunoz":{"type":"authors","id":"11616","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11616","found":true},"name":"Jazmine Mejia-Muñoz","firstName":"Jazmine","lastName":"Mejia-Muñoz","slug":"jmejiamunoz","email":"jmejiamunoz@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"\u003cem>KQED Science Fuhs Fellow- Summer 2019\u003c/em>","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bbfd276dfdd4279114cadd5ffe3e4c14?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"Jazmine Mejia-Muñoz | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bbfd276dfdd4279114cadd5ffe3e4c14?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bbfd276dfdd4279114cadd5ffe3e4c14?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/jmejiamunoz"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"science_1991404":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1991404","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1991404","score":null,"sort":[1707912050000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-solar-customers-industry-brace-for-impact-of-reduced-state-incentives","title":"California Solar Customers, Industry Brace for Impact of Reduced State Incentives","publishDate":1707912050,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Solar Customers, Industry Brace for Impact of Reduced State Incentives | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Caitlin Quinn remembers seeing the first solar panels go up in Petaluma City Schools as a high school student. The panels helped “normalize” green energy and were a learning opportunity, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Quinn is the school district’s board president, where she is exploring opportunities to install more solar. Already, solar energy accounts for between about 40% and 70% of energy use per campus. But she’s worried that a state decision to reduce rooftop solar incentives could drive up costs and hurt the district’s efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it better to keep investing in solar when it saves less money or pay our teachers enough so they can afford to live in Sonoma County?” she said. “These are not decisions we want to be making.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Caitlin Quinn, board president, Petaluma City Schools\"]‘Is it better to keep investing in solar when it saves less money or pay our teachers enough so they can afford to live in Sonoma County? These are not decisions we want to be making.’[/pullquote]Starting Valentine’s Day, a controversial new rate will take effect across California, reducing the cost savings of installing solar for customers with more than one electric meter, a category that includes many schools, apartment buildings and businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New customers will be credited about 80% less for the energy they produce and sell back to the grid, according to solar advocates. Additionally, most non-residential customers with more than one meter will be charged for the electricity they consume at full retail price, even during the sunny hours when their equipment is generating power. Meanwhile, the solar energy they generate is sold back to their provider at a reduced rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the California Public Utilities Commission assumes that electricity generated by solar homes is used on-site and doesn’t require customers to be charged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar advocates said that these changes will further drive down demand for solar, putting additional strain on an industry that has suffered since a similar policy went into effect for homeowners last April. These changes could also threaten the state’s efforts to meet its goal of 100% clean power by 2045, solar advocates said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is sabotaging its clean energy goals with this decision,” said Bernadette Del Chiaro, executive director of the California Solar and Storage Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CPUC, on the other hand, described the changes as an effort to “modernize” solar regulations. (The regulatory agency did not respond to questions sent by KQED and instead directed the publication to two \u003ca href=\"https://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M520/K893/520893708.PDF\">press\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/-/media/cpuc-website/divisions/energy-division/documents/net-energy-metering-nem/nemrevisit/vnem-pd-fact-sheet-update-111323.pdf\">releases [PDFs]\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11963769,news_11969614,science_1985611\"]The commission has in the past argued that the reduced rates better reflect the true value that solar customers provide to the grid and could temper the state’s soaring electricity bills, which are some of the highest in the country. The changes are also designed to incentivize customers to install battery storage, which could bolster grid reliability, the commission said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Energy experts said these goals have merit: “In order to achieve our renewable goals, we need to build a lot of solar, period,” said Michael Wara, director of the climate and energy policy program at Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment. “But we need to make sure we do it in a way that’s fair and equitable for all Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wara said the previous rates did not reflect the cost solar customers impose on the grid by using it as a “giant battery” — feeding power into it in the daytime and taking it out at night. He said the old incentives shifted costs onto customers without solar, contributing to rate increases, which disproportionately affect Californians with lower incomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commission officials’ rationale has not appeased the broad coalition of groups that assembled to oppose the new regulations, which regulators unanimously approved in November and are taking effect after a 90-day grace period. Climate advocacy groups, farmers, school districts and elected officials all \u003ca href=\"https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/solar/california-makes-it-harder-for-schools-farms-and-rental-housing-to-go-solar\">wrote\u003c/a> to regulators in advance of the decision, detailing the ways the changes would hurt their ability to install solar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland Unified School District Board President Sam Davis said the district’s goal of achieving 100% clean electricity by 2030 and completing new school construction and renovation with high environmental standards is a “no-brainer.” But the new rates, he said, will make it harder to afford additional solar panels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It feels very hypocritical,” he said of the state’s latest policy change. “We say we’re about building a green economy and addressing climate change, but then we’re not supporting school districts’ ability to put in green infrastructure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reduced incentives could also exacerbate the challenges facing California’s strained solar industry. The California Solar and Storage Association estimates that about 17,000 solar workers lost their jobs by the end of 2023 after a similar rate structure went into effect for single-meter customers in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These layoffs are continuing into the New Year. San Francisco-based solar company Sunrun, one of the largest solar installers in the country, laid off 88 workers in California in January, according to Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) Act filings. This follows the company laying off roughly 1,000 direct employees in California in the second half of 2023, according to Sunrun’s vice president of public policy, Walker Wright.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Sam Davis, board president, Oakland Unified School District\"]‘It feels very hypocritical. We say we’re about building a green economy and addressing climate change, but then we’re not supporting school districts’ ability to put in green infrastructure.’[/pullquote]Del Chiaro said the latest decision would especially affect solar businesses that specialize in commercial installations, which she estimates constitute about a third of California’s solar industry. She anticipates that the industry will see layoffs rise again in the summer after these companies work through the backlog of projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve decimated that market going forward,” she said, adding that she is concerned about the impact the decision will have on the state’s climate goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These climate concerns were shared by the school district officials and others who have spoken out against the changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CPUC \u003ca href=\"https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/clean-energy/california-ups-renewables-target-again-with-new-plan-to-add-85gw-by-2035\">aims\u003c/a> to add about 86,000 megawatts of electric resources to the grid by 2035, which would more than double the state’s existing capacity. Of that total, the plan calls for about 39,000 megawatts of solar power and 28,000 megawatts of battery storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wara, the Stanford researcher, was more reserved in his judgment. He said the state needed to set a rate structure that incentivized more storage, but it is not yet clear whether they struck the right balance between promoting increased storage and energy generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s too soon to know,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was reported in partnership with \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://biglocalnews.org/content/about/\">\u003cem>Big Local News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> at Stanford University.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Solar advocates say a controversial new rate that takes effect across California today will further drive down demand for solar and threaten the state’s efforts to meet its goal of 100% clean power by 2045.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1707933889,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1201},"headData":{"title":"California Solar Customers, Industry Brace for Impact of Reduced State Incentives | KQED","description":"Solar advocates say a controversial new rate that takes effect across California today will further drive down demand for solar and threaten the state’s efforts to meet its goal of 100% clean power by 2045.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California Solar Customers, Industry Brace for Impact of Reduced State Incentives","datePublished":"2024-02-14T12:00:50.000Z","dateModified":"2024-02-14T18:04:49.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kate_selig?lang=en\">Kate Selig\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1991404/california-solar-customers-industry-brace-for-impact-of-reduced-state-incentives","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Caitlin Quinn remembers seeing the first solar panels go up in Petaluma City Schools as a high school student. The panels helped “normalize” green energy and were a learning opportunity, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Quinn is the school district’s board president, where she is exploring opportunities to install more solar. Already, solar energy accounts for between about 40% and 70% of energy use per campus. But she’s worried that a state decision to reduce rooftop solar incentives could drive up costs and hurt the district’s efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it better to keep investing in solar when it saves less money or pay our teachers enough so they can afford to live in Sonoma County?” she said. “These are not decisions we want to be making.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Is it better to keep investing in solar when it saves less money or pay our teachers enough so they can afford to live in Sonoma County? These are not decisions we want to be making.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Caitlin Quinn, board president, Petaluma City Schools","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Starting Valentine’s Day, a controversial new rate will take effect across California, reducing the cost savings of installing solar for customers with more than one electric meter, a category that includes many schools, apartment buildings and businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New customers will be credited about 80% less for the energy they produce and sell back to the grid, according to solar advocates. Additionally, most non-residential customers with more than one meter will be charged for the electricity they consume at full retail price, even during the sunny hours when their equipment is generating power. Meanwhile, the solar energy they generate is sold back to their provider at a reduced rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the California Public Utilities Commission assumes that electricity generated by solar homes is used on-site and doesn’t require customers to be charged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar advocates said that these changes will further drive down demand for solar, putting additional strain on an industry that has suffered since a similar policy went into effect for homeowners last April. These changes could also threaten the state’s efforts to meet its goal of 100% clean power by 2045, solar advocates said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is sabotaging its clean energy goals with this decision,” said Bernadette Del Chiaro, executive director of the California Solar and Storage Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CPUC, on the other hand, described the changes as an effort to “modernize” solar regulations. (The regulatory agency did not respond to questions sent by KQED and instead directed the publication to two \u003ca href=\"https://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M520/K893/520893708.PDF\">press\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/-/media/cpuc-website/divisions/energy-division/documents/net-energy-metering-nem/nemrevisit/vnem-pd-fact-sheet-update-111323.pdf\">releases [PDFs]\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"news_11963769,news_11969614,science_1985611"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The commission has in the past argued that the reduced rates better reflect the true value that solar customers provide to the grid and could temper the state’s soaring electricity bills, which are some of the highest in the country. The changes are also designed to incentivize customers to install battery storage, which could bolster grid reliability, the commission said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Energy experts said these goals have merit: “In order to achieve our renewable goals, we need to build a lot of solar, period,” said Michael Wara, director of the climate and energy policy program at Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment. “But we need to make sure we do it in a way that’s fair and equitable for all Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wara said the previous rates did not reflect the cost solar customers impose on the grid by using it as a “giant battery” — feeding power into it in the daytime and taking it out at night. He said the old incentives shifted costs onto customers without solar, contributing to rate increases, which disproportionately affect Californians with lower incomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commission officials’ rationale has not appeased the broad coalition of groups that assembled to oppose the new regulations, which regulators unanimously approved in November and are taking effect after a 90-day grace period. Climate advocacy groups, farmers, school districts and elected officials all \u003ca href=\"https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/solar/california-makes-it-harder-for-schools-farms-and-rental-housing-to-go-solar\">wrote\u003c/a> to regulators in advance of the decision, detailing the ways the changes would hurt their ability to install solar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland Unified School District Board President Sam Davis said the district’s goal of achieving 100% clean electricity by 2030 and completing new school construction and renovation with high environmental standards is a “no-brainer.” But the new rates, he said, will make it harder to afford additional solar panels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It feels very hypocritical,” he said of the state’s latest policy change. “We say we’re about building a green economy and addressing climate change, but then we’re not supporting school districts’ ability to put in green infrastructure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reduced incentives could also exacerbate the challenges facing California’s strained solar industry. The California Solar and Storage Association estimates that about 17,000 solar workers lost their jobs by the end of 2023 after a similar rate structure went into effect for single-meter customers in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These layoffs are continuing into the New Year. San Francisco-based solar company Sunrun, one of the largest solar installers in the country, laid off 88 workers in California in January, according to Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) Act filings. This follows the company laying off roughly 1,000 direct employees in California in the second half of 2023, according to Sunrun’s vice president of public policy, Walker Wright.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘It feels very hypocritical. We say we’re about building a green economy and addressing climate change, but then we’re not supporting school districts’ ability to put in green infrastructure.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Sam Davis, board president, Oakland Unified School District","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Del Chiaro said the latest decision would especially affect solar businesses that specialize in commercial installations, which she estimates constitute about a third of California’s solar industry. She anticipates that the industry will see layoffs rise again in the summer after these companies work through the backlog of projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve decimated that market going forward,” she said, adding that she is concerned about the impact the decision will have on the state’s climate goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These climate concerns were shared by the school district officials and others who have spoken out against the changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CPUC \u003ca href=\"https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/clean-energy/california-ups-renewables-target-again-with-new-plan-to-add-85gw-by-2035\">aims\u003c/a> to add about 86,000 megawatts of electric resources to the grid by 2035, which would more than double the state’s existing capacity. Of that total, the plan calls for about 39,000 megawatts of solar power and 28,000 megawatts of battery storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wara, the Stanford researcher, was more reserved in his judgment. He said the state needed to set a rate structure that incentivized more storage, but it is not yet clear whether they struck the right balance between promoting increased storage and energy generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s too soon to know,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was reported in partnership with \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://biglocalnews.org/content/about/\">\u003cem>Big Local News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> at Stanford University.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1991404/california-solar-customers-industry-brace-for-impact-of-reduced-state-incentives","authors":["byline_science_1991404"],"categories":["science_31","science_32","science_33","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_2889","science_182","science_142","science_1947","science_4417","science_4414","science_1066"],"featImg":"science_1991405","label":"science"},"science_1966972":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1966972","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1966972","score":null,"sort":[1594623664000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"ten-simple-rules-for-building-an-anti-racist-research-lab","title":"Ten Simple Rules for Building an Anti-Racist Research Lab","publishDate":1594623664,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Ten Simple Rules for Building an Anti-Racist Research Lab | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Black, Latino and indigenous people are severely under-represented as learners and teachers of science, technology, engineering and math in academia. The lack of diversity has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-018-0116-6\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">documented\u003c/a> for decades with little or no improvement. Minority youths experience bias, discrimination and harassment, contributing to persistent power imbalances. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the societal reckoning over systemic racism reaches into the halls of universities, two researchers, who are heads of ecology and Earth science labs, wrote a paper with recommendations for how professors can take steps to protect their students and create a more welcoming environment. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper, “\u003ca href=\"https://ecoevorxiv.org/4a9p8/?fbclid=IwAR1aVIM3I3Ieyyb4VYSVXyCdjAcFNP0iy8dxu1HjAU9s66yrt8VAJCQH_PQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ten simple rules for building an anti-racist lab,\u003c/a>” is currently in review with PLOS Computational Biology. The authors, \u003ca href=\"http://www.balachaudhary.com/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">V. Bala Chaudhary\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://news.ucmerced.edu/news/2020/professor-and-falasco-chair-berhe-recognized-carnegie-corporation-distinguished-immigrant\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Asmeret Asefaw Berhe\u003c/a>, emphasise that the list is a simple starting point and not meant to be comprehensive. KQED spoke with Berhe, who heads a \u003ca href=\"https://aaberhe.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">research group\u003c/a> studying soils and climate at UC Merced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This interview has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What motivated you to write this paper?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bala Chaudhary, the co-author, and I, have both been very active on Twitter around these issues for a long time. In the last few weeks, what happened with George Floyd and with Amy Cooper in New York started a lot of discussion within the academic community on Twitter and in general about what we do — how do we move forward? Society as a whole is having a reckoning with these issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://ecoevorxiv.org/4a9p8/?fbclid=IwAR2WibqI1krTmuF_dtRUhMsV_CoSQe5kJuzlCpiACe06_ZDfu0D2F0dWiFQ\">\u003cb>Ten Simple Rules for Building an Anti-Racist Lab\u003c/b>\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Rule 1: Lead informed discussions about anti-racism in your lab regularly\u003cbr>\nRule 2: Address racism in your lab and field safety guidelines\u003cbr>\nRule 3: Publish papers and write grants with BIPOC colleagues\u003cbr>\nRule 4: Evaluate your lab’s mentoring practices\u003cbr>\nRule 5: Amplify voices of BIPOC scientists in your field\u003cbr>\nRule 6: Support POC in their efforts to organize\u003cbr>\nRule 7: Intentionally recruit BIPOC students and staff\u003cbr>\nRule 8: Adopt a dynamic research agenda\u003cbr>\nRule 9: Advocate for racially diverse leadership in science\u003cbr>\nRule 10: Hold the powerful accountable and don’t expect gratitude\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But let’s be real, our academic institutions also face very, very similar concerns. I think the issue in New York hit a chord with Earth and environmental scientists because working outside is what we do. It’s what we’re supposed to be doing. But it’s a concern that a lot of Black, indigenous, and people of color have pointed out — how dangerous it can be for us to be out doing fieldwork. By design, the areas that we spend a lot of time in doing fieldwork don’t really have a high population. And we encounter all sorts of people that don’t have, let’s just say, the best intentions, especially when they see somebody that looks like me. They don’t even take me seriously as a scientist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people that I know have come very close to danger in these kinds of encounters. This issue didn’t get the kind of attention it should until there was something so egregious it was undeniable. I think Amy Cooper pointing out the fact that he’s African American multiple times as a threat hit a chord with a lot of people. I think the message finally got across that this is real.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bala had worked on a similar [10 simple rules] article with a group in Germany about \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340151721_Ten_Simple_Rules_for_Increased_Lab_Resilience\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lab management\u003c/a> and she had this great idea. A whole lot of people seem to be willing to listen right now, but they don’t know where to start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So — ‘10 Simple Rules’?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the complete acknowledgement that nothing having to do with addressing racism is really simple, right? These are hard questions, hard conversations. But this 10 simple rules format is a \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/search?q=Ten+Simple+Rules&filterJournals=PLoSCompBiol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pretty popular format\u003c/a> for PLOS Computational Biology. And it’s also a way to get a message across for beginners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I should say here that in academic institutions we’ve done a better job in addressing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1925592/sexual-harassment-is-rampant-in-science-landmark-report-finds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sexism\u003c/a> and issues of women. But we have been very, very hesitant to address issues around race. There’s a lot of reluctance in acknowledging that racism even happens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re geoscientists and ecologists \u003cstrong>—\u003c/strong> this is not even our expertise \u003cstrong>—\u003c/strong> but we’ve been forced to study this literature because it’s something we deal with all the time, to try and understand what’s happening to us, what’s happening to other people who look like us. We wanted to make sure we didn’t come across, as it were, saying we’re experts in this, but rather point people to the well-established scholarship in these areas and ideas that we all can embrace in making the situation better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s the reception been? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This has been getting a lot of attention. As you know, there’s a lot of talk in academic institutions right now about how to address issues of racism, and Blackness, in the academy. I mean, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nap.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Academies\u003c/a> have come up with \u003ca href=\"https://www.nap.edu/collection/97/diversity-equity-and-inclusion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tons of reports\u003c/a> on these topics over the years. Right? So we wanted to cut across all of that. Right now, with the people that you’re mentoring, in labs that you’re managing, you can do some things differently and improve the working conditions for people you have influence over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And I’m pleasantly surprised with the kind of attention that it’s been getting and the number of people who’ve reached out to say this was in our lab group discussion, first thing. We moved everything away to go over this together with our groups and make sure that our mentees know we have their back. And yeah, that’s kind of what was the whole point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If you had a magic wand and could choose just three rules that all labs would implement, which would they be?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first one I’d point out was recently brought to light on Twitter by a geophysicist who was doing fieldwork and came into contact with neo-Nazis and was terrified for his life. It’s our Rule 2 — ‘Address racism in your lab and field safety guidelines.’ I’ve been a long proponent of people saying if you’re going to send people of color out into nature, into uninhabited areas, you need to figure out a way to at least make sure they have a partner. And that they have communications, a way to reach help with radio, phone or satellite phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/blckthghtz/status/1274882680233103360\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’d also select Rule 3 \u003cstrong>—\u003c/strong> ‘Publish papers and write grants with BIPOC colleagues.’ A lot of scientists would tell you that they are adopting great broader impact statements. They are mentoring and recruiting people to work in their labs to expose them to science. But in reality, they are doing little tasks, never really becoming part of the big intellectual endeavors, never given an opportunity to basically make intellectual contributions, which are the things that matter. It’s the only currency we respect in the academy. So when you bring in an underrepresented scholar student to work in your lab, make sure that they actually get a chance to be part of the big papers and grants that you write, not just a paper published in the student journal somewhere in the back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the third one, now that I have tenured job security, I will say, is Rule No. 10 \u003cstrong>—\u003c/strong> ‘Hold the powerful accountable.’ Many, many academic institutions talk a big game about diversity and equity and inclusion. And they have a chief diversity officer or the vice chancellor for diversity and inclusion in this and that. And they have many, many, many initiatives that are great and work well if they are adopted by departments and faculty. But they are goodwill efforts. There’s no enforcement mechanism. The only people who actually carry out the recommendations are the already converted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1966976\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1966976 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/field_work.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/field_work.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/field_work-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/field_work-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Asmeret Asefaw Berhe, second from left, and students doing fieldwork. Having a safety plan when working in remote regions is one of the “10 simple rules” for building an anti-racist lab. \u003ccite>(Berhe lab, used with permission.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This means we’re left with pockets of resistance in academic institutions that for too long don’t do anything. In fact, they end up becoming pretty toxic places, a terrible workplace climate for a very, very long time. We need to push our institutions to do better, not just with coming up with great ideas, but actually enforcing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So academics are pretty notorious for how we judge people who mishandle data or engage in plagiarism. We are very, very quick to kick people out of this exclusive club if they try anything like that. But think about how hesitant we are to take to task people who mistreat individuals who actually produce that data and text. One of the arguments we’ve been pushing is, if data fabrication and plagiarism constitute scientific misconduct or scholarly misconduct, there is no reason why harassment and discrimination should not rise to that level. The people who produced this data and knowledge in the text should be as valuable as the data and text. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05076-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mistreating people\u003c/a> is also scholarly misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you see a willingness to change?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I feel like this veil has finally been lifted and it’s kind of hard to put it back. There are still plenty of pockets of resistance, but I think overall there is a broader desire for change. I do feel like things are changing for the better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do you expect the peer review process to be like? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a little hard to judge because, you know, an anti-racist agenda is not necessarily something that PLOS Computational Biology deals with. So I’m expecting that it would be either really smooth because most people don’t really see anything negative with what we’re up to here. Or this could turn into a discussion about what this whole field of race theory is all about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I thought it was interesting to read about how more diverse research groups lead to better science. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s been \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/content/117/17/9284\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">documented\u003c/a> for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It makes sense. Newsrooms are better when they are more diverse. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s exactly the same idea. You come up with more novel ideas, more novel ways of presenting the work. And it tends to lead more citations and more influential work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And it’s also just the right thing to do, right?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right. Any of us who work in public institutions of higher learning, we’re not doing anybody any favors when we actually make sure that we represent the population of the state or the country with equitable workplaces and inclusive practices. The public taxpayers that are made up of a diverse population are paying to let us do this job that we like. So I don’t want anybody to see this as a favor they’re doing to the brown and Black people or something like that. Those people pay you to be here. It’s literally your job [as a public institution] to represent the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"There's nothing simple about solving racial inequity in science, but here is one place to start.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704847195,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":35,"wordCount":1928},"headData":{"title":"Ten Simple Rules for Building an Anti-Racist Research Lab | KQED","description":"There's nothing simple about solving racial inequity in science, but here is one place to start.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Ten Simple Rules for Building an Anti-Racist Research Lab","datePublished":"2020-07-13T07:01:04.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:39:55.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Education","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/b9705b28-cf28-4259-8ef7-abf701207381/audio.mp3","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1966972/ten-simple-rules-for-building-an-anti-racist-research-lab","audioDuration":274000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Black, Latino and indigenous people are severely under-represented as learners and teachers of science, technology, engineering and math in academia. The lack of diversity has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-018-0116-6\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">documented\u003c/a> for decades with little or no improvement. Minority youths experience bias, discrimination and harassment, contributing to persistent power imbalances. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the societal reckoning over systemic racism reaches into the halls of universities, two researchers, who are heads of ecology and Earth science labs, wrote a paper with recommendations for how professors can take steps to protect their students and create a more welcoming environment. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper, “\u003ca href=\"https://ecoevorxiv.org/4a9p8/?fbclid=IwAR1aVIM3I3Ieyyb4VYSVXyCdjAcFNP0iy8dxu1HjAU9s66yrt8VAJCQH_PQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ten simple rules for building an anti-racist lab,\u003c/a>” is currently in review with PLOS Computational Biology. The authors, \u003ca href=\"http://www.balachaudhary.com/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">V. Bala Chaudhary\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://news.ucmerced.edu/news/2020/professor-and-falasco-chair-berhe-recognized-carnegie-corporation-distinguished-immigrant\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Asmeret Asefaw Berhe\u003c/a>, emphasise that the list is a simple starting point and not meant to be comprehensive. KQED spoke with Berhe, who heads a \u003ca href=\"https://aaberhe.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">research group\u003c/a> studying soils and climate at UC Merced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This interview has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What motivated you to write this paper?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bala Chaudhary, the co-author, and I, have both been very active on Twitter around these issues for a long time. In the last few weeks, what happened with George Floyd and with Amy Cooper in New York started a lot of discussion within the academic community on Twitter and in general about what we do — how do we move forward? Society as a whole is having a reckoning with these issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://ecoevorxiv.org/4a9p8/?fbclid=IwAR2WibqI1krTmuF_dtRUhMsV_CoSQe5kJuzlCpiACe06_ZDfu0D2F0dWiFQ\">\u003cb>Ten Simple Rules for Building an Anti-Racist Lab\u003c/b>\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Rule 1: Lead informed discussions about anti-racism in your lab regularly\u003cbr>\nRule 2: Address racism in your lab and field safety guidelines\u003cbr>\nRule 3: Publish papers and write grants with BIPOC colleagues\u003cbr>\nRule 4: Evaluate your lab’s mentoring practices\u003cbr>\nRule 5: Amplify voices of BIPOC scientists in your field\u003cbr>\nRule 6: Support POC in their efforts to organize\u003cbr>\nRule 7: Intentionally recruit BIPOC students and staff\u003cbr>\nRule 8: Adopt a dynamic research agenda\u003cbr>\nRule 9: Advocate for racially diverse leadership in science\u003cbr>\nRule 10: Hold the powerful accountable and don’t expect gratitude\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But let’s be real, our academic institutions also face very, very similar concerns. I think the issue in New York hit a chord with Earth and environmental scientists because working outside is what we do. It’s what we’re supposed to be doing. But it’s a concern that a lot of Black, indigenous, and people of color have pointed out — how dangerous it can be for us to be out doing fieldwork. By design, the areas that we spend a lot of time in doing fieldwork don’t really have a high population. And we encounter all sorts of people that don’t have, let’s just say, the best intentions, especially when they see somebody that looks like me. They don’t even take me seriously as a scientist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people that I know have come very close to danger in these kinds of encounters. This issue didn’t get the kind of attention it should until there was something so egregious it was undeniable. I think Amy Cooper pointing out the fact that he’s African American multiple times as a threat hit a chord with a lot of people. I think the message finally got across that this is real.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bala had worked on a similar [10 simple rules] article with a group in Germany about \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340151721_Ten_Simple_Rules_for_Increased_Lab_Resilience\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lab management\u003c/a> and she had this great idea. A whole lot of people seem to be willing to listen right now, but they don’t know where to start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So — ‘10 Simple Rules’?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the complete acknowledgement that nothing having to do with addressing racism is really simple, right? These are hard questions, hard conversations. But this 10 simple rules format is a \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/search?q=Ten+Simple+Rules&filterJournals=PLoSCompBiol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pretty popular format\u003c/a> for PLOS Computational Biology. And it’s also a way to get a message across for beginners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I should say here that in academic institutions we’ve done a better job in addressing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1925592/sexual-harassment-is-rampant-in-science-landmark-report-finds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sexism\u003c/a> and issues of women. But we have been very, very hesitant to address issues around race. There’s a lot of reluctance in acknowledging that racism even happens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re geoscientists and ecologists \u003cstrong>—\u003c/strong> this is not even our expertise \u003cstrong>—\u003c/strong> but we’ve been forced to study this literature because it’s something we deal with all the time, to try and understand what’s happening to us, what’s happening to other people who look like us. We wanted to make sure we didn’t come across, as it were, saying we’re experts in this, but rather point people to the well-established scholarship in these areas and ideas that we all can embrace in making the situation better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s the reception been? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This has been getting a lot of attention. As you know, there’s a lot of talk in academic institutions right now about how to address issues of racism, and Blackness, in the academy. I mean, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nap.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Academies\u003c/a> have come up with \u003ca href=\"https://www.nap.edu/collection/97/diversity-equity-and-inclusion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tons of reports\u003c/a> on these topics over the years. Right? So we wanted to cut across all of that. Right now, with the people that you’re mentoring, in labs that you’re managing, you can do some things differently and improve the working conditions for people you have influence over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And I’m pleasantly surprised with the kind of attention that it’s been getting and the number of people who’ve reached out to say this was in our lab group discussion, first thing. We moved everything away to go over this together with our groups and make sure that our mentees know we have their back. And yeah, that’s kind of what was the whole point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If you had a magic wand and could choose just three rules that all labs would implement, which would they be?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first one I’d point out was recently brought to light on Twitter by a geophysicist who was doing fieldwork and came into contact with neo-Nazis and was terrified for his life. It’s our Rule 2 — ‘Address racism in your lab and field safety guidelines.’ I’ve been a long proponent of people saying if you’re going to send people of color out into nature, into uninhabited areas, you need to figure out a way to at least make sure they have a partner. And that they have communications, a way to reach help with radio, phone or satellite phone.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1274882680233103360"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>I’d also select Rule 3 \u003cstrong>—\u003c/strong> ‘Publish papers and write grants with BIPOC colleagues.’ A lot of scientists would tell you that they are adopting great broader impact statements. They are mentoring and recruiting people to work in their labs to expose them to science. But in reality, they are doing little tasks, never really becoming part of the big intellectual endeavors, never given an opportunity to basically make intellectual contributions, which are the things that matter. It’s the only currency we respect in the academy. So when you bring in an underrepresented scholar student to work in your lab, make sure that they actually get a chance to be part of the big papers and grants that you write, not just a paper published in the student journal somewhere in the back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the third one, now that I have tenured job security, I will say, is Rule No. 10 \u003cstrong>—\u003c/strong> ‘Hold the powerful accountable.’ Many, many academic institutions talk a big game about diversity and equity and inclusion. And they have a chief diversity officer or the vice chancellor for diversity and inclusion in this and that. And they have many, many, many initiatives that are great and work well if they are adopted by departments and faculty. But they are goodwill efforts. There’s no enforcement mechanism. The only people who actually carry out the recommendations are the already converted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1966976\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1966976 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/field_work.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/field_work.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/field_work-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/field_work-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Asmeret Asefaw Berhe, second from left, and students doing fieldwork. Having a safety plan when working in remote regions is one of the “10 simple rules” for building an anti-racist lab. \u003ccite>(Berhe lab, used with permission.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This means we’re left with pockets of resistance in academic institutions that for too long don’t do anything. In fact, they end up becoming pretty toxic places, a terrible workplace climate for a very, very long time. We need to push our institutions to do better, not just with coming up with great ideas, but actually enforcing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So academics are pretty notorious for how we judge people who mishandle data or engage in plagiarism. We are very, very quick to kick people out of this exclusive club if they try anything like that. But think about how hesitant we are to take to task people who mistreat individuals who actually produce that data and text. One of the arguments we’ve been pushing is, if data fabrication and plagiarism constitute scientific misconduct or scholarly misconduct, there is no reason why harassment and discrimination should not rise to that level. The people who produced this data and knowledge in the text should be as valuable as the data and text. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05076-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mistreating people\u003c/a> is also scholarly misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you see a willingness to change?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I feel like this veil has finally been lifted and it’s kind of hard to put it back. There are still plenty of pockets of resistance, but I think overall there is a broader desire for change. I do feel like things are changing for the better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do you expect the peer review process to be like? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a little hard to judge because, you know, an anti-racist agenda is not necessarily something that PLOS Computational Biology deals with. So I’m expecting that it would be either really smooth because most people don’t really see anything negative with what we’re up to here. Or this could turn into a discussion about what this whole field of race theory is all about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I thought it was interesting to read about how more diverse research groups lead to better science. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s been \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/content/117/17/9284\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">documented\u003c/a> for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It makes sense. Newsrooms are better when they are more diverse. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s exactly the same idea. You come up with more novel ideas, more novel ways of presenting the work. And it tends to lead more citations and more influential work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And it’s also just the right thing to do, right?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right. Any of us who work in public institutions of higher learning, we’re not doing anybody any favors when we actually make sure that we represent the population of the state or the country with equitable workplaces and inclusive practices. The public taxpayers that are made up of a diverse population are paying to let us do this job that we like. So I don’t want anybody to see this as a favor they’re doing to the brown and Black people or something like that. Those people pay you to be here. It’s literally your job [as a public institution] to represent the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1966972/ten-simple-rules-for-building-an-anti-racist-research-lab","authors":["11088"],"categories":["science_32","science_40","science_4450","science_3423"],"tags":["science_1947","science_4417"],"featImg":"science_1966975","label":"source_science_1966972"},"science_1950770":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1950770","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1950770","score":null,"sort":[1573200068000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"presidio-parkway-tunnels-form-the-foundation-of-a-new-public-park","title":"Elevated Park Will Connect Crissy Field With Presidio","publishDate":1573200068,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Elevated Park Will Connect Crissy Field With Presidio | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As Presidio Parkway traffic underneath carried people from San Francisco to the Golden Gate Bridge, a ceremony Thursday marked the beginning of something new: an\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/Aerial-of-Tunnel-Tops_panoramic-2019-FINAL.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> elevated park\u003c/a> that will connect Crissy Field on the waterfront with the Presidio. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The roadway has divided the two areas for eight decades. Since the former U.S. Army base at the Presidio became a national park 25 years ago, planners have transformed it into more than two square miles of urban green space. The new project, Tunnel Tops Park, is the most ambitious addition yet. Its 14 acres will offer free public access to a 360-degree view of the Golden Gate Bridge, the Marin Headlands, the Presidio and the San Francisco skyline. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Since 1936, when crews built an elevated highway that linked San Francisco to the Golden Gate Bridge, vehicle traffic restricted access to the waterfront and blocked views of the bay. The highway’s demise presented an opportunity to build parts of the road underground and create public space. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=1ktqsq4NeI0&feature=emb_logo\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reimagining Urban Spaces\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Planners, including lead designer James Corner, best known as an architect of Lower Manhattan’s popular High Line park, expect Tunnel Tops to open in 2021. It reflects an international movement to repurpose neglected spaces like derelict bridges and railroad rights-of-way. It will add to the Presidio’s existing hiking and biking trails with almost two miles of paths, native plant meadows and picnic areas. The new park also will include a youth education campus and an immersive playground modeled on the habitat of the Presidio.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The nonprofit Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy has privately raised $86 million, and the Presidio Trust has donated another $20 million to the project. Organizers estimate its creation will cost $118 million.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Tunnel Tops will provide greater access to fresh air, beautiful views, gardens, and gathering spaces where people can come to relax, play and connect with each other,” Fraser said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">During the launch ceremony Nov. 7, Presidio Trust chief executive Jean Fraser pledged that \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">visitors will be able to walk from Crissy Field to the Presidio’s Main Post for the first time in eight decades.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Refuge For Many Species\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She isn’t just talking about human visitors. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tunnel Top Park will act as a wildlife corridor, allowing access to Crissy Marsh and Quartermaster Reach Marsh. Those are among the richest habitats in the Presidio. Michael Boland, chief park officer for The Presidio Trust, said, “We are using 21st century ecological principles to stitch the landscape back together.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Presidio is located along the Pacific Flyway, an important route for migrating birds. Tunnel Tops Park’s water features will be designed to attract migrating birds and other wildlife. Its horticulture staff will encourage plants like coyotebush to grow naturally where they will succeed. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Native species can flourish in urban areas when given the chance,” Boland said. “Tunnel Top is an ideal opportunity to explore the role cities can play in preserving biodiversity and addressing the extinction crisis.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fast Facts About Tunnel Tops Park\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Year project began: 2014\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Acres of new parkland: 14\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Total number of plants: 200,000\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Number of native plants: 100,000\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Total square feet of new construction: 6,528\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Design scoping: 10,000 community participants\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Year project opens: 2021\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In San Francisco, Tunnel Tops Park, scheduled to open in 2021, will offer free public access to a 360-degree view of the Golden Gate Bridge, Marin Headlands and San Francisco skyline.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848164,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":583},"headData":{"title":"Elevated Park Will Connect Crissy Field With Presidio | KQED","description":"In San Francisco, Tunnel Tops Park, scheduled to open in 2021, will offer free public access to a 360-degree view of the Golden Gate Bridge, Marin Headlands and San Francisco skyline.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Elevated Park Will Connect Crissy Field With Presidio","datePublished":"2019-11-08T08:01:08.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:56:04.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Parks","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Alice Woelfle","path":"/science/1950770/presidio-parkway-tunnels-form-the-foundation-of-a-new-public-park","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As Presidio Parkway traffic underneath carried people from San Francisco to the Golden Gate Bridge, a ceremony Thursday marked the beginning of something new: an\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/Aerial-of-Tunnel-Tops_panoramic-2019-FINAL.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> elevated park\u003c/a> that will connect Crissy Field on the waterfront with the Presidio. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The roadway has divided the two areas for eight decades. Since the former U.S. Army base at the Presidio became a national park 25 years ago, planners have transformed it into more than two square miles of urban green space. The new project, Tunnel Tops Park, is the most ambitious addition yet. Its 14 acres will offer free public access to a 360-degree view of the Golden Gate Bridge, the Marin Headlands, the Presidio and the San Francisco skyline. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Since 1936, when crews built an elevated highway that linked San Francisco to the Golden Gate Bridge, vehicle traffic restricted access to the waterfront and blocked views of the bay. The highway’s demise presented an opportunity to build parts of the road underground and create public space. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/1ktqsq4NeI0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/1ktqsq4NeI0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reimagining Urban Spaces\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Planners, including lead designer James Corner, best known as an architect of Lower Manhattan’s popular High Line park, expect Tunnel Tops to open in 2021. It reflects an international movement to repurpose neglected spaces like derelict bridges and railroad rights-of-way. It will add to the Presidio’s existing hiking and biking trails with almost two miles of paths, native plant meadows and picnic areas. The new park also will include a youth education campus and an immersive playground modeled on the habitat of the Presidio.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The nonprofit Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy has privately raised $86 million, and the Presidio Trust has donated another $20 million to the project. Organizers estimate its creation will cost $118 million.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Tunnel Tops will provide greater access to fresh air, beautiful views, gardens, and gathering spaces where people can come to relax, play and connect with each other,” Fraser said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">During the launch ceremony Nov. 7, Presidio Trust chief executive Jean Fraser pledged that \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">visitors will be able to walk from Crissy Field to the Presidio’s Main Post for the first time in eight decades.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Refuge For Many Species\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She isn’t just talking about human visitors. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tunnel Top Park will act as a wildlife corridor, allowing access to Crissy Marsh and Quartermaster Reach Marsh. Those are among the richest habitats in the Presidio. Michael Boland, chief park officer for The Presidio Trust, said, “We are using 21st century ecological principles to stitch the landscape back together.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Presidio is located along the Pacific Flyway, an important route for migrating birds. Tunnel Tops Park’s water features will be designed to attract migrating birds and other wildlife. Its horticulture staff will encourage plants like coyotebush to grow naturally where they will succeed. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Native species can flourish in urban areas when given the chance,” Boland said. “Tunnel Top is an ideal opportunity to explore the role cities can play in preserving biodiversity and addressing the extinction crisis.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fast Facts About Tunnel Tops Park\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Year project began: 2014\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Acres of new parkland: 14\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Total number of plants: 200,000\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Number of native plants: 100,000\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Total square feet of new construction: 6,528\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Design scoping: 10,000 community participants\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Year project opens: 2021\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1950770/presidio-parkway-tunnels-form-the-foundation-of-a-new-public-park","authors":["byline_science_1950770"],"categories":["science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_205","science_1947","science_192","science_956","science_448"],"featImg":"science_1950777","label":"source_science_1950770"},"science_1946637":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1946637","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1946637","score":null,"sort":[1566889287000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"hey-sirihow-do-i-foster-a-science-minded-household","title":"Hey Siri,\"How Do I Foster a Science-Minded Household?\"","publishDate":1566889287,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Hey Siri,”How Do I Foster a Science-Minded Household?” | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>An unusual glow lights Charlize and Dayleen Sánchez’s faces. They brighten from cyan blue to red to green, and back again. Big sister Charlize, 12, and Dayleen, 9, are turning knobs to brighten or dim the lights, trying to create the color brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re mixing primary colors inside a light cube at San Francisco’s bayside science museum, the Exploratorium. As they experiment, they come up with a new shade – a brilliant magenta. Their mother, Brenda Tovar, gives her daughters’ luminous creation a smile of approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s refreshing to get them to be excited about learning,” Tovar says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The girls’ grandmother Julia Jimenez, stands next to \u003cem>her\u003c/em> mother, Virginia Sayes, explaining in Spanish what the girls are doing. Sayes sits in her wheelchair looking cozy and happy, like Mama Coco from the Disney film.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spirit of inquiry illuminates four generations of this family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Science-Minded Household\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Catherine Lee']‘Watching the toilet flush- that is science.’[/pullquote]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tovar – like other parents I spoke with during a summer weekday at the Exploratorium – hopes her children will continue to nurture this spirit. Kids are born to wonder. Parents who wish to foster curiosity and exploration in their children can do plenty to encourage their kids to think critically, explain their reasoning, and solve problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visiting museums like the Exploratorium is a step in that direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Science in the Toilet?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nate Miller, 8, can’t believe what he is seeing. With one eye, he looks straight at his hand. With the other eye, he sees his 11-year-old brother, Sam, who sits in front of him. As Nate moves his hand to reveal a cat on the wall, he sees a cat’s face with his brother’s smile. Their mom Catherine Lee watches this experiment in sight perception at the Exploratorium. She explains to Nate that his eyes saw two very different views, so his brain combined the two views to create a single image.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946639\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1946639\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Sam_Miller_Exploratorium-800x565.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"565\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Sam_Miller_Exploratorium-800x565.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Sam_Miller_Exploratorium-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Sam_Miller_Exploratorium-768x542.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Sam_Miller_Exploratorium-1020x720.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Sam_Miller_Exploratorium-1200x848.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Sam_Miller_Exploratorium.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sam, 11, smiles at his brother, Nate, 8, while he looks through a mirror at him while in the Exploratorium on Thursday August 1, 2019. (Lindsey Moore/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At home, Lee looks for opportunities to talk about science with her sons. “Watching the toilet flush- that is science,” Lee says, adding that she’d ask her kids about where the water ends up. “How does it swirl as it goes down the bowl?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(In theory, the Coriolis Effect would cause water to spin on a clockwise direction in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. In practice, the direction depends on the design of the toilet bowl.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee calls this an example of science in basic things we often ignore. Her son Sam agrees. He plays the violin and seems as drawn to the math of music as to the melody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My teacher,” he says, “is doing this math science thing with the violin, with sound waves and scales.” To encourage his interests, Sam’s parents hired a music teacher who incorporates science into his lessons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Paint a Picture of What’s Possible\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ellen Ochoa’s journey to nearly 1,000 hours in space began with her realization that she could push beyond limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a child she wanted to be a lawyer or the President of the United States, because those were the only careers she knew about. “I didn’t really know about what careers were really like in [science] subjects, I did not know anybody to talk to,” Ochoa says. “I just couldn’t picture it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only after she enrolled at San Diego State did she express interest in a math-related degree. Ochoa spoke with a physics professor who encouraged her to pursue a degree and a career in that field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From there, she earned graduate degrees at Stanford, became the first Latina astronaut and eventually ran NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[aside label='Create science exhibits at home using the Exploratorium’s Science Snacks ' link1='https://www.exploratorium.edu/snacks/']\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her example is a reminder that children can’t imagine what they can’t see around them. Parents can arrange for their children to meet or job-shadow local science professionals. Ochoa, who’s also a research engineer, continues to encourage young people to study science, technology, engineering and math. “STEM fields are about solving problems and making new discoveries,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julia Jimenez – Charlize and Dayleen Sánchez’s grandmother – was inspired to become a nurse after a group of nurses visited her classroom to talk about their careers. After that talk, she recalls,“I said ‘I am going to apply and see if I qualify,’ I did and I liked it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Engage with your Child’s School Culture\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jimenez’ daughter Brenda Tovar doesn’t leave her daughters’ education to chance. “Being active and participating in their school work, going to their open houses and having them show me their projects, the things that they are learning,” she says, is key to encouraging children to learn more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946643\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1946643\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Exploratorium_016_Liam_Gorgie-800x589.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"589\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Exploratorium_016_Liam_Gorgie-800x589.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Exploratorium_016_Liam_Gorgie-160x118.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Exploratorium_016_Liam_Gorgie-768x565.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Exploratorium_016_Liam_Gorgie-1020x751.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Exploratorium_016_Liam_Gorgie-1200x883.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Exploratorium_016_Liam_Gorgie.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Liam Boucher, 5, and Georgie Harvey, 5, play with the fog used in an exhibit that creates a small scale tornado at the Exploratorium in San Francisco on Thursday August 1, 2019. (Lindsey Moore/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Britany Boucher, another parent at the Exploratorium, says the question, “How was your day at school?” can shut down a conversation with her 5 year-old son Liam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was hard last year, in kindergarten, because he didn’t talk a lot about what was going on in school. It was really hard to get things out of him,” Boucher says, as she watches her son play in the museum’s tornado exhibit. “But his teacher gave us a piece of paper of what they were doing for the week or for the month that was a good way for me to bring up ideas that he would then talk to me about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Be Science Confident\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amanda Sadie and her children visit the museum so often they have a favorite exhibit – Morse Code. The interactive game trains your brain to communicate with a partner using dots and dashes. Sadie loves science, and when her kids ask about something she doesn’t know, she turns it into a learning opportunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can always ask Siri together or we go to Google together,” she says. “It’s a chance for us to read on the spot, learn in the moment, and then try to piece it together,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even better than using artificial intelligence or online searches is allowing children to investigate, hypothesize, and experiment first, says Jessica Parker, Director of Teaching and Learning at the Exploratorium – an institution designed to encourage those activities in a safe, supervised setting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[pullquote size='medium' align='left' citation='Ellen Ochoa']‘STEM fields are about solving problems and making new discoveries.’[/pullquote]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boucher’s son Liam calls science “kind of hard, because I am in first grade now.” Then he scrambles up a staircase and turns himself into a gravity experiment, grabbing the handrail and hanging upside down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Science Minded Adventure\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlize and Dayleen’s light experiment may or may not spark their interest in science careers. Beyond the museum, Tovar and other parents look for ways to encourage their kids’ curiosity and problem-solving skills through cooking, outdoor hikes, and science fair projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making science so fun, they don’t even realize they’re learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Science is everywhere, really. Parents who wish to foster a science mindset in their children can do much to keep the spirit of inquiry alive at home,","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848372,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":35,"wordCount":1337},"headData":{"title":"Hey Siri,\"How Do I Foster a Science-Minded Household?\" | KQED","description":"Science is everywhere, really. Parents who wish to foster a science mindset in their children can do much to keep the spirit of inquiry alive at home,","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Hey Siri,\"How Do I Foster a Science-Minded Household?\"","datePublished":"2019-08-27T07:01:27.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:59:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Education","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1946637/hey-sirihow-do-i-foster-a-science-minded-household","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>An unusual glow lights Charlize and Dayleen Sánchez’s faces. They brighten from cyan blue to red to green, and back again. Big sister Charlize, 12, and Dayleen, 9, are turning knobs to brighten or dim the lights, trying to create the color brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re mixing primary colors inside a light cube at San Francisco’s bayside science museum, the Exploratorium. As they experiment, they come up with a new shade – a brilliant magenta. Their mother, Brenda Tovar, gives her daughters’ luminous creation a smile of approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s refreshing to get them to be excited about learning,” Tovar says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The girls’ grandmother Julia Jimenez, stands next to \u003cem>her\u003c/em> mother, Virginia Sayes, explaining in Spanish what the girls are doing. Sayes sits in her wheelchair looking cozy and happy, like Mama Coco from the Disney film.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spirit of inquiry illuminates four generations of this family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Science-Minded Household\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Watching the toilet flush- that is science.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Catherine Lee","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tovar – like other parents I spoke with during a summer weekday at the Exploratorium – hopes her children will continue to nurture this spirit. Kids are born to wonder. Parents who wish to foster curiosity and exploration in their children can do plenty to encourage their kids to think critically, explain their reasoning, and solve problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visiting museums like the Exploratorium is a step in that direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Science in the Toilet?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nate Miller, 8, can’t believe what he is seeing. With one eye, he looks straight at his hand. With the other eye, he sees his 11-year-old brother, Sam, who sits in front of him. As Nate moves his hand to reveal a cat on the wall, he sees a cat’s face with his brother’s smile. Their mom Catherine Lee watches this experiment in sight perception at the Exploratorium. She explains to Nate that his eyes saw two very different views, so his brain combined the two views to create a single image.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946639\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1946639\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Sam_Miller_Exploratorium-800x565.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"565\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Sam_Miller_Exploratorium-800x565.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Sam_Miller_Exploratorium-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Sam_Miller_Exploratorium-768x542.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Sam_Miller_Exploratorium-1020x720.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Sam_Miller_Exploratorium-1200x848.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Sam_Miller_Exploratorium.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sam, 11, smiles at his brother, Nate, 8, while he looks through a mirror at him while in the Exploratorium on Thursday August 1, 2019. (Lindsey Moore/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At home, Lee looks for opportunities to talk about science with her sons. “Watching the toilet flush- that is science,” Lee says, adding that she’d ask her kids about where the water ends up. “How does it swirl as it goes down the bowl?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(In theory, the Coriolis Effect would cause water to spin on a clockwise direction in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. In practice, the direction depends on the design of the toilet bowl.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee calls this an example of science in basic things we often ignore. Her son Sam agrees. He plays the violin and seems as drawn to the math of music as to the melody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My teacher,” he says, “is doing this math science thing with the violin, with sound waves and scales.” To encourage his interests, Sam’s parents hired a music teacher who incorporates science into his lessons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Paint a Picture of What’s Possible\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ellen Ochoa’s journey to nearly 1,000 hours in space began with her realization that she could push beyond limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a child she wanted to be a lawyer or the President of the United States, because those were the only careers she knew about. “I didn’t really know about what careers were really like in [science] subjects, I did not know anybody to talk to,” Ochoa says. “I just couldn’t picture it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only after she enrolled at San Diego State did she express interest in a math-related degree. Ochoa spoke with a physics professor who encouraged her to pursue a degree and a career in that field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From there, she earned graduate degrees at Stanford, became the first Latina astronaut and eventually ran NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Create science exhibits at home using the Exploratoriums Science Snacks ","link1":"https://www.exploratorium.edu/snacks/"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her example is a reminder that children can’t imagine what they can’t see around them. Parents can arrange for their children to meet or job-shadow local science professionals. Ochoa, who’s also a research engineer, continues to encourage young people to study science, technology, engineering and math. “STEM fields are about solving problems and making new discoveries,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julia Jimenez – Charlize and Dayleen Sánchez’s grandmother – was inspired to become a nurse after a group of nurses visited her classroom to talk about their careers. After that talk, she recalls,“I said ‘I am going to apply and see if I qualify,’ I did and I liked it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Engage with your Child’s School Culture\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jimenez’ daughter Brenda Tovar doesn’t leave her daughters’ education to chance. “Being active and participating in their school work, going to their open houses and having them show me their projects, the things that they are learning,” she says, is key to encouraging children to learn more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946643\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1946643\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Exploratorium_016_Liam_Gorgie-800x589.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"589\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Exploratorium_016_Liam_Gorgie-800x589.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Exploratorium_016_Liam_Gorgie-160x118.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Exploratorium_016_Liam_Gorgie-768x565.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Exploratorium_016_Liam_Gorgie-1020x751.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Exploratorium_016_Liam_Gorgie-1200x883.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Exploratorium_016_Liam_Gorgie.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Liam Boucher, 5, and Georgie Harvey, 5, play with the fog used in an exhibit that creates a small scale tornado at the Exploratorium in San Francisco on Thursday August 1, 2019. (Lindsey Moore/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Britany Boucher, another parent at the Exploratorium, says the question, “How was your day at school?” can shut down a conversation with her 5 year-old son Liam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was hard last year, in kindergarten, because he didn’t talk a lot about what was going on in school. It was really hard to get things out of him,” Boucher says, as she watches her son play in the museum’s tornado exhibit. “But his teacher gave us a piece of paper of what they were doing for the week or for the month that was a good way for me to bring up ideas that he would then talk to me about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Be Science Confident\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amanda Sadie and her children visit the museum so often they have a favorite exhibit – Morse Code. The interactive game trains your brain to communicate with a partner using dots and dashes. Sadie loves science, and when her kids ask about something she doesn’t know, she turns it into a learning opportunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can always ask Siri together or we go to Google together,” she says. “It’s a chance for us to read on the spot, learn in the moment, and then try to piece it together,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even better than using artificial intelligence or online searches is allowing children to investigate, hypothesize, and experiment first, says Jessica Parker, Director of Teaching and Learning at the Exploratorium – an institution designed to encourage those activities in a safe, supervised setting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘STEM fields are about solving problems and making new discoveries.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"left","citation":"Ellen Ochoa","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boucher’s son Liam calls science “kind of hard, because I am in first grade now.” Then he scrambles up a staircase and turns himself into a gravity experiment, grabbing the handrail and hanging upside down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Science Minded Adventure\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlize and Dayleen’s light experiment may or may not spark their interest in science careers. Beyond the museum, Tovar and other parents look for ways to encourage their kids’ curiosity and problem-solving skills through cooking, outdoor hikes, and science fair projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making science so fun, they don’t even realize they’re learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1946637/hey-sirihow-do-i-foster-a-science-minded-household","authors":["11616"],"categories":["science_28","science_30","science_32"],"tags":["science_1947","science_3370","science_3832"],"featImg":"science_1946638","label":"source_science_1946637"},"science_1936450":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1936450","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1936450","score":null,"sort":[1551729255000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"uc-battles-with-publishing-giant-over-free-access-to-research","title":"University of California Won't Renew Subscription With Academic Publishing Giant Elsevier","publishDate":1551729255,"format":"standard","headTitle":"University of California Won’t Renew Subscription With Academic Publishing Giant Elsevier | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update March 4: \u003c/strong>Researchers at University of California schools may soon lose access to research appearing in journals published by Elsevier, one of the largest academic publishers in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC announced on Thursday that it was not renewing its subscriptions with the academic publishing giant. The two sides had been in drawn-out negotiations to forge a new deal after extensions were granted upon the expiration of the old contract at the end of last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Free access to UC research paid for by public funds was a major sticking point during the negotiations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Despite months of contract negotiations, Elsevier was unwilling to meet UC’s key goal: securing universal open access to UC research while containing the rapidly escalating costs associated with for-profit journals,” UC said in its \u003ca href=\"https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/press-room/uc-terminates-subscriptions-worlds-largest-scientific-publisher-push-open-access-publicly\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announcement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Randy Schekman, a professor of molecular and cell biology at UC Berkeley, explained the university’s position on “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101868974/uc-takes-on-publishing-conglomerate-fights-for-open-access-to-publicly-funded-research\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED Forum\u003c/a>” last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Very often … physicians who are not connected to an institution that may have a license for scientific literature will not have the ability to read a paper on a subject of direct relevance to their clinical practice,” Schekman said. “They’ll find they have to pay a fee of $30 or more to a journal published by Elsevier or Springer Nature just for the privilege of reading a paper. \u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is largely work that has been funded, in the case of the U.S., by the National Institutes of Health. That is, by taxpayer funds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Elsevier spokesperson told \u003ca href=\"https://www.chronicle.com/article/U-of-California-System/245798\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Chronicle of Higher Education\u003c/a> that it was “disappointing” that UC “has broken off negotiations unilaterally, but we hope we can bridge this divide with them soon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, UC’s Office of Scholarly Communications has posted a web page called “\u003ca href=\"https://osc.universityofcalifornia.edu/open-access-at-uc/publisher-negotiations/alternative-access-to-articles/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alternative Access to Elsevier Communications\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Elsevier is expected to begin limiting UC’s access to new articles through its online platform, ScienceDirect, possibly very soon,” the post says. “If Elsevier were to reduce access to subscribed content, access to articles published from 2019 forward, as well as a limited amount of historical content, would no longer be available directly on Elsevier’s ScienceDirect platform.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The page goes on to list \u003ca href=\"https://osc.universityofcalifornia.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/AlternativeAccess_UC.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">four alternatives\u003c/a> to accessing papers published by one of Elseiver’s titles, including searching for open access copies, contacting authors, and securing them from libraries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UC Berkeley Library also has a page up delineating \u003ca href=\"https://news.lib.berkeley.edu/elsevier-outcome\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">which Elsevier content will and won’t be affected\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The University of California is trying to negotiate free public access to scientific research conducted by its publicly funded schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC, which publishes about 10 percent of the country’s science studies, paid more than $10 million in 2018 to access and publish its own research in journals owned by the academic publishing giant Elsevier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Open access” has been a major sticking point during UC’s contract negotiations with Elsevier. The previous contract expired at the end of 2018, but access to the publisher’s journals was extended to the end of January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives from both UC and from Elsevier’s advisory board joined\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101868974/uc-takes-on-publishing-conglomerate-fights-for-open-access-to-publicly-funded-research\"> KQED Forum\u003c/a> host Michael Krasny last week to discuss the debate over open access and who gets to set the terms for the scientific publishing industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are excepts from their conversation, edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What does the term “open access” mean?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Randy Schekman (professor of molecular and cell biology, UC Berkeley): \u003c/strong>Open access is the idea that scientific literature paid for largely by public taxpayer funds should be available for all. Not only to those at universities, but also to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Very often, for instance, physicians who are not connected to an institution that may have a license for scientific literature will not have the ability to read a paper on a subject of direct relevance to their clinical practice. They’ll find they have to pay a fee of $30 or more to a journal published by Elsevier or Springer Nature just for the privilege of reading a paper. \u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is largely work that has been funded, in the case of the U.S., by the National Institutes of Health. That is, by taxpayer funds. So those of us who are associated with the open access movement feel very strongly that it’s about time that people have access to the literature that they paid for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lower subscription prices were also an issue. Elseiver “has one of the highest profit margins of any company in the world — the \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/jun/27/profitable-business-scientific-publishing-bad-for-science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">profit margin is higher\u003c/a> than Apple’s,” said Jeff MacKie-Mason, co-chair, of UC’s Publisher Negotiation Task Force, on the same program. “So Elsevier is getting an enormous amount of profit out of what they’re charging us to read articles that, to a large extent, we wrote.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What is the University of California asking for in its contract negotiations with Elsevier?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jeff MacKie-Mason (university librarian, UC Berkeley, and co-chair, UC Publisher Negotiation Task Force): \u003c/strong>We have two main goals. One is what we call “default open access” for all publications by University of California authors. By default, we mean that unless the author objects and chooses not to publish open access, their research will be available to the entire world for free.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://dailybruin.com/2019/01/08/uc-in-negotiations-with-publisher-elsevier-for-open-access-to-journal-articles/\">More on the dispute from the UCLA Daily Bruin\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://sparcopen.org/our-work/big-deal-cancellation-tracking/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Big Deal Cancellation Tracking\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>We’ll still pay Elsevier money to publish it, but nobody will have to pay to read it. In the proposal, we offer authors the option to opt out of that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second thing is that Elsevier is a for-profit company. It has one of the highest profit margins of any company in the world — the \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/jun/27/profitable-business-scientific-publishing-bad-for-science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">profit margin is higher\u003c/a> than Apple’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Elsevier is getting an enormous amount of profit out of what they’re charging us to read articles that, to a large extent, we wrote. And so we would like to see lower prices as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How does Elsevier see open access?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rick Anderson (associate dean, University of Utah Library, and member of Elsevier advisory board): \u003c/strong>I should clarify upfront that while I do serve on Elsevier’s advisory board, I am not representing Elsevier in any way. I’m not advocating for Elsevier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As far as the question of public money, the reality is a little more complicated. Public money pays for the research to be conducted. The gap then comes between what happens after the research has been completed and a publishable article is prepared by the publisher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not as simple as ‘the public has paid for the research so the public ought to have access to the research.’ What you’re getting is access to a product that is created after the research is done. Publishers do an awful lot more than just a little bit of editing and then putting the articles online. The peer review process is very involved and expensive to manage. The rejection of papers is also an expensive process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Managing the submission process, monitoring for plagiarism, archiving and curating the published content, managing compliance with funder requirements, applying and managing metadata — these are all things that publishers do that add value to manuscripts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Read Elsevier’s full response, below.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Randy Schekman (UC Berkeley)\u003c/strong>: There are legitimate expenses. But all these things are done by all journals, not just the Elsevier journals. All journals rely to a large extent on free labor provided by academics, who do most of the reviewing for the journals as part of their academic responsibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the question is not, ‘Are there other legitimate expenses?’ Absolutely there are. But other journals find other ways to publish without the very large profit margin that Elsevier enjoys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rick Anderson (Elsevier advisory board):\u003c/strong> Are Elsevier journals worth what they cost? That’s a completely legitimate question that every subscriber to Elsevier journals has to ask and every library has to ask as it considers renewing. The UC system, like many libraries, has what Elsevier calls a ‘big DEAL’ package. It’s basically access to their entire journal list at a deeply discounted per unit price, but of course at a very high cost for the whole package.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nobody is required to subscribe to the big deal. Elsevier continues to sell individual subscriptions to any individual or library who wants them. So the fact that UC is in tough negotiations with Elsevier right now over the terms of their big deal renewal is what libraries as consumers in the scholarly communication ecosystem ought to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What’s the outlook for the negotiaions between UC and Berkeley, and the academic publishing industry at large?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jeff MacKie-Mason (UC Publisher Negotiation Task Force):\u003c/strong> Elsevier and many other publishers have been raising prices above the rate of general inflation, which has been really devastating to university budgets, which have been declining over the past 15 years. University library budgets are declining even faster. And the publishers have been raising prices faster than inflation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re not the only ones negotiating with Elsevier in this fashion. The entire nation of Germany has canceled its contract with Elsevier. Last spring, the nation of Sweden \u003ca href=\"https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/universities-in-germany-and-sweden-lose-access-to-elsevier-journals--64522\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">also canceled\u003c/a>. Florida State canceled their contract last year. So there’s a lot of pressure and we think that the leverage is growing largely because the economics don’t make sense anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Elsevier declined to appear on the show, but the company sent this statement: \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cem>Elsevier supports open access and a more inclusive, collaborative, and transparent world of research through open science. Elsevier is also strongly supportive of our authors having options to publish their work for free, as around 85% of them currently prefer, or to choose to have to pay a fee to publish. We serve the needs of customers and researchers around the globe so we have to be careful about uprooting the way most researchers prefer to publish for free in well regarded journals.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"UC and Elsevier couldn't resolve the major sticking point of open access to research conducted by the university's researchers. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848823,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":41,"wordCount":1730},"headData":{"title":"University of California Won't Renew Subscription With Academic Publishing Giant Elsevier | KQED","description":"UC and Elsevier couldn't resolve the major sticking point of open access to research conducted by the university's researchers. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"University of California Won't Renew Subscription With Academic Publishing Giant Elsevier","datePublished":"2019-03-04T19:54:15.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T01:07:03.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Science","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1936450/uc-battles-with-publishing-giant-over-free-access-to-research","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update March 4: \u003c/strong>Researchers at University of California schools may soon lose access to research appearing in journals published by Elsevier, one of the largest academic publishers in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC announced on Thursday that it was not renewing its subscriptions with the academic publishing giant. The two sides had been in drawn-out negotiations to forge a new deal after extensions were granted upon the expiration of the old contract at the end of last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Free access to UC research paid for by public funds was a major sticking point during the negotiations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Despite months of contract negotiations, Elsevier was unwilling to meet UC’s key goal: securing universal open access to UC research while containing the rapidly escalating costs associated with for-profit journals,” UC said in its \u003ca href=\"https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/press-room/uc-terminates-subscriptions-worlds-largest-scientific-publisher-push-open-access-publicly\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announcement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Randy Schekman, a professor of molecular and cell biology at UC Berkeley, explained the university’s position on “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101868974/uc-takes-on-publishing-conglomerate-fights-for-open-access-to-publicly-funded-research\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED Forum\u003c/a>” last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Very often … physicians who are not connected to an institution that may have a license for scientific literature will not have the ability to read a paper on a subject of direct relevance to their clinical practice,” Schekman said. “They’ll find they have to pay a fee of $30 or more to a journal published by Elsevier or Springer Nature just for the privilege of reading a paper. \u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is largely work that has been funded, in the case of the U.S., by the National Institutes of Health. That is, by taxpayer funds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Elsevier spokesperson told \u003ca href=\"https://www.chronicle.com/article/U-of-California-System/245798\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Chronicle of Higher Education\u003c/a> that it was “disappointing” that UC “has broken off negotiations unilaterally, but we hope we can bridge this divide with them soon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, UC’s Office of Scholarly Communications has posted a web page called “\u003ca href=\"https://osc.universityofcalifornia.edu/open-access-at-uc/publisher-negotiations/alternative-access-to-articles/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alternative Access to Elsevier Communications\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Elsevier is expected to begin limiting UC’s access to new articles through its online platform, ScienceDirect, possibly very soon,” the post says. “If Elsevier were to reduce access to subscribed content, access to articles published from 2019 forward, as well as a limited amount of historical content, would no longer be available directly on Elsevier’s ScienceDirect platform.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The page goes on to list \u003ca href=\"https://osc.universityofcalifornia.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/AlternativeAccess_UC.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">four alternatives\u003c/a> to accessing papers published by one of Elseiver’s titles, including searching for open access copies, contacting authors, and securing them from libraries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UC Berkeley Library also has a page up delineating \u003ca href=\"https://news.lib.berkeley.edu/elsevier-outcome\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">which Elsevier content will and won’t be affected\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The University of California is trying to negotiate free public access to scientific research conducted by its publicly funded schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC, which publishes about 10 percent of the country’s science studies, paid more than $10 million in 2018 to access and publish its own research in journals owned by the academic publishing giant Elsevier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Open access” has been a major sticking point during UC’s contract negotiations with Elsevier. The previous contract expired at the end of 2018, but access to the publisher’s journals was extended to the end of January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives from both UC and from Elsevier’s advisory board joined\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101868974/uc-takes-on-publishing-conglomerate-fights-for-open-access-to-publicly-funded-research\"> KQED Forum\u003c/a> host Michael Krasny last week to discuss the debate over open access and who gets to set the terms for the scientific publishing industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are excepts from their conversation, edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What does the term “open access” mean?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Randy Schekman (professor of molecular and cell biology, UC Berkeley): \u003c/strong>Open access is the idea that scientific literature paid for largely by public taxpayer funds should be available for all. Not only to those at universities, but also to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Very often, for instance, physicians who are not connected to an institution that may have a license for scientific literature will not have the ability to read a paper on a subject of direct relevance to their clinical practice. They’ll find they have to pay a fee of $30 or more to a journal published by Elsevier or Springer Nature just for the privilege of reading a paper. \u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is largely work that has been funded, in the case of the U.S., by the National Institutes of Health. That is, by taxpayer funds. So those of us who are associated with the open access movement feel very strongly that it’s about time that people have access to the literature that they paid for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lower subscription prices were also an issue. Elseiver “has one of the highest profit margins of any company in the world — the \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/jun/27/profitable-business-scientific-publishing-bad-for-science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">profit margin is higher\u003c/a> than Apple’s,” said Jeff MacKie-Mason, co-chair, of UC’s Publisher Negotiation Task Force, on the same program. “So Elsevier is getting an enormous amount of profit out of what they’re charging us to read articles that, to a large extent, we wrote.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What is the University of California asking for in its contract negotiations with Elsevier?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jeff MacKie-Mason (university librarian, UC Berkeley, and co-chair, UC Publisher Negotiation Task Force): \u003c/strong>We have two main goals. One is what we call “default open access” for all publications by University of California authors. By default, we mean that unless the author objects and chooses not to publish open access, their research will be available to the entire world for free.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://dailybruin.com/2019/01/08/uc-in-negotiations-with-publisher-elsevier-for-open-access-to-journal-articles/\">More on the dispute from the UCLA Daily Bruin\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://sparcopen.org/our-work/big-deal-cancellation-tracking/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Big Deal Cancellation Tracking\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>We’ll still pay Elsevier money to publish it, but nobody will have to pay to read it. In the proposal, we offer authors the option to opt out of that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second thing is that Elsevier is a for-profit company. It has one of the highest profit margins of any company in the world — the \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/jun/27/profitable-business-scientific-publishing-bad-for-science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">profit margin is higher\u003c/a> than Apple’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Elsevier is getting an enormous amount of profit out of what they’re charging us to read articles that, to a large extent, we wrote. And so we would like to see lower prices as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How does Elsevier see open access?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rick Anderson (associate dean, University of Utah Library, and member of Elsevier advisory board): \u003c/strong>I should clarify upfront that while I do serve on Elsevier’s advisory board, I am not representing Elsevier in any way. I’m not advocating for Elsevier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As far as the question of public money, the reality is a little more complicated. Public money pays for the research to be conducted. The gap then comes between what happens after the research has been completed and a publishable article is prepared by the publisher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not as simple as ‘the public has paid for the research so the public ought to have access to the research.’ What you’re getting is access to a product that is created after the research is done. Publishers do an awful lot more than just a little bit of editing and then putting the articles online. The peer review process is very involved and expensive to manage. The rejection of papers is also an expensive process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Managing the submission process, monitoring for plagiarism, archiving and curating the published content, managing compliance with funder requirements, applying and managing metadata — these are all things that publishers do that add value to manuscripts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Read Elsevier’s full response, below.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Randy Schekman (UC Berkeley)\u003c/strong>: There are legitimate expenses. But all these things are done by all journals, not just the Elsevier journals. All journals rely to a large extent on free labor provided by academics, who do most of the reviewing for the journals as part of their academic responsibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the question is not, ‘Are there other legitimate expenses?’ Absolutely there are. But other journals find other ways to publish without the very large profit margin that Elsevier enjoys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rick Anderson (Elsevier advisory board):\u003c/strong> Are Elsevier journals worth what they cost? That’s a completely legitimate question that every subscriber to Elsevier journals has to ask and every library has to ask as it considers renewing. The UC system, like many libraries, has what Elsevier calls a ‘big DEAL’ package. It’s basically access to their entire journal list at a deeply discounted per unit price, but of course at a very high cost for the whole package.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nobody is required to subscribe to the big deal. Elsevier continues to sell individual subscriptions to any individual or library who wants them. So the fact that UC is in tough negotiations with Elsevier right now over the terms of their big deal renewal is what libraries as consumers in the scholarly communication ecosystem ought to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What’s the outlook for the negotiaions between UC and Berkeley, and the academic publishing industry at large?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jeff MacKie-Mason (UC Publisher Negotiation Task Force):\u003c/strong> Elsevier and many other publishers have been raising prices above the rate of general inflation, which has been really devastating to university budgets, which have been declining over the past 15 years. University library budgets are declining even faster. And the publishers have been raising prices faster than inflation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re not the only ones negotiating with Elsevier in this fashion. The entire nation of Germany has canceled its contract with Elsevier. Last spring, the nation of Sweden \u003ca href=\"https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/universities-in-germany-and-sweden-lose-access-to-elsevier-journals--64522\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">also canceled\u003c/a>. Florida State canceled their contract last year. So there’s a lot of pressure and we think that the leverage is growing largely because the economics don’t make sense anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Elsevier declined to appear on the show, but the company sent this statement: \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cem>Elsevier supports open access and a more inclusive, collaborative, and transparent world of research through open science. Elsevier is also strongly supportive of our authors having options to publish their work for free, as around 85% of them currently prefer, or to choose to have to pay a fee to publish. We serve the needs of customers and researchers around the globe so we have to be careful about uprooting the way most researchers prefer to publish for free in well regarded journals.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1936450/uc-battles-with-publishing-giant-over-free-access-to-research","authors":["80","11368"],"categories":["science_32","science_40"],"tags":["science_5178","science_3840","science_1947","science_3834"],"featImg":"science_1936460","label":"source_science_1936450"},"science_1936837":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1936837","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1936837","score":null,"sort":[1548182563000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"commentary-for-minority-students-the-pipeline-to-become-a-doctor-is-leaky","title":"Commentary: For Minority Students, the Pipeline to Become a Doctor is Leaky","publishDate":1548182563,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Commentary: For Minority Students, the Pipeline to Become a Doctor is Leaky | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap-wrap\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap\">T\u003c/span>\u003c/span>he population of physicians in the U.S. should look like the population as a whole. But it doesn’t. African-Americans and Hispanics now make up about \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045217\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">31 percent\u003c/a> of the U.S. population, but comprise just \u003ca href=\"https://www.aamc.org/download/321472/data/factstablea8.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">15 percent\u003c/a> of this year’s first-year medical students. That number would be higher if we could figure out how to keep potential medical students from falling through the leaks in the pipeline from grammar school to medical school and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">The leaks are everywhere. Lack of family support: drip. Low-functioning schools: drip. Little guidance or support from teachers: drip. No role models or mentors: drip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">As an African-American girl growing up in a lower-middle-class neighborhood in North Carolina, one of those “drips” should have derailed my journey. Yet I managed to traverse the pipeline and become a physician. Here’s how.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>My Mother’s Support\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">My mother gave me permission as a young girl to dream big: “You can be whatever you want to be,” she told me time and time again. It wasn’t until I was older that I realized how her empowerment would be tested by external limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">My mom valued education and prioritized it for my sister and me. She understood how important it was to go to college, even though she didn’t complete college until we were adults. We were latchkey kids, but felt her presence even when she wasn’t home. Our homework had to be completed and on the coffee table by the time she got home from work. She took time to review our schoolwork with us. She built a structure that required us to do well academically. This initial foundation helped me develop habits that would later become important. She created the pipeline for me and sealed its beginning section.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Help From My Community\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The median income of a school’s neighborhood serves as a proxy for the quality of education the school provides. Stanford researchers have shown that in 100 of the largest U.S. cities, 75 percent of African-American and Hispanic students \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2016/02/concentration-poverty-american-schools/471414/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">were segregated to schools\u003c/a> with peers of low socioeconomic status, compared to just 33 percent of white students. This disparity was shown to contribute to diminished educational achievement due to poor access to resources and increased difficulty attracting higher-quality teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was destined to go to a low-income school lacking in strong classroom leadership. Yet that leak closed for me when I was afforded the opportunity to attend a newly opened and highly resourced secondary school. Families in my neighborhood attended city council meetings and fought for our inclusion in the prized school district, which had initially been built to serve the surrounding upper middle-class neighborhood. Over time, the school became known for having the best resources and the highest test scores in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The opportunity to enroll in this school let me escape the achievement gap that frequently eliminates minority students from consideration well before their opportunity to apply to college or medical school. Neighborhood parents fighting for equitable zoning policies kept me from slipping through the cracks and nudged me forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Teachers and Counselors Plugged Important Leaks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers pulled me back into the pipeline when they noticed I was beginning to lose interest. I enjoyed science and math in elementary school. By the end of middle school, though, I began to follow the pattern of many black girls in my circle. We became interested in science at a young age but later succumbed to the \u003ca href=\"https://money.cnn.com/2017/02/28/technology/girls-math-science-engineering/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“loss of interest”\u003c/a> leak in the pipeline. I was fortunate that my high school biology teacher, Michelle Chadwick, pulled me back in by reinvigorating my interest and teaching me how to be successful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was an amazing teacher. She innovated in the classroom by making us write songs corresponding to different biological processes. We read fictional books about biological agents. We dissected cats and bred fruit flies. She did everything possible to keep our interest by making science fun. I continued to use many of her innovative techniques in medical school to help me learn information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My high school guidance counselor, Janice Barbee, further fortified the pipeline. She told me about scholarships and signed me up for leadership programs. She was specific and direct. She told me exactly where to go and when. Her consistent but necessary investment kept me in the pipeline and pushed me forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Strong Influence of Peers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I started at Winston-Salem State University, one of the country’s small, historically black colleges and universities, I hadn’t selected a major, and becoming a doctor was far from my mind. That career un-choice was due in part to my limited interactions with physicians, especially black ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My roommate, though, knew she wanted to become a doctor and was ready to make her dream a reality. Hearing her story was a shock to me. Cynthia invited me to meetings with black physicians and medical students at a neighboring institution. She introduced me to her friends, who were also interested in medicine. After a year of delving into her interest, it slowly became my interest, too. I chose to major in chemistry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My roommate’s infectious enthusiasm for a career in medicine and her exposing me to other black women pursuing medicine captured me before I fell through the college leak. Her encouragement and dedication to her goals kept me in the pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Unlikely Mentors\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winston-Salem State did not have dedicated medical school advisers or connections to a medical school, so its students didn’t have many on-campus black mentors in medicine. Teachers and mentors from outside the college who were willing to help were often overwhelmed by the number of students seeking their help. (This is something I continue to experience, as I connect with mentors and act as a mentor for others.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My roommate created her own path to medical mentors through networking and Google. We formed our own group and relied heavily on each other for information about the process of applying to medical school. Our biology and chemistry department chairs tried to serve as proxies for black physician mentorship. Without their guidance, medical school would have remained a pipe dream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Help Beyond Medical School\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once I got into Morehouse School of Medicine, I was surrounded by minority students and faculty with the same goal: increasing the number of minority physicians. Leaks in the pipeline still loomed, but they were plugged by my friends and mentors. I struggled to stay focused because of personal issues during my first year in medical school. When I admitted that I didn’t want to finish medical school, my friend Deanna held me accountable and kept me organized. She remained my study partner throughout all four years. Other friends became part of that circle. We challenged each other in our courses and encouraged each other to follow our specialty goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During my residency, this same circle of friends offered emotional support and helped me navigate \u003ca href=\"https://opmed.doximity.com/articles/i-am-not-an-imposter-02f50b07-087f-44a5-a93c-c1f36fbf4463\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">imposter syndrome\u003c/a>. They continue to support me as a fledgling attending physician.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Now It’s My Turn\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many medical school students grew up knowing that they wanted to become doctors. Some had parents, siblings, or friends of the family who were physicians. Many had mentors or friends who encouraged them to consider careers in medicine. For minority students like me, the path to medicine is far more uncertain and uncharted. We need to find ways to build stronger, less-leaky pipelines for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was fortunate that someone always stepped in at moments when I was at risk of dripping out of the pipeline. Now it’s my turn to pay my experiences forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Paula Magee, M.D., is a hospitalist in the pediatric intensive care unit at Children’s National Health System in Washington, D.C.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2019/01/14/minority-students-physician-leaky-pipeline/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"African-Americans and Hispanics make up about 31 percent of the U.S. population, but comprise just 15 percent of first-year medical students.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927188,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1355},"headData":{"title":"Commentary: For Minority Students, the Pipeline to Become a Doctor is Leaky | KQED","description":"African-Americans and Hispanics make up about 31 percent of the U.S. population, but comprise just 15 percent of first-year medical students.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Commentary: For Minority Students, the Pipeline to Become a Doctor is Leaky","datePublished":"2019-01-22T18:42:43.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T22:53:08.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Commentary","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Paula Magee\u003c/br>STAT","path":"/science/1936837/commentary-for-minority-students-the-pipeline-to-become-a-doctor-is-leaky","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap-wrap\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap\">T\u003c/span>\u003c/span>he population of physicians in the U.S. should look like the population as a whole. But it doesn’t. African-Americans and Hispanics now make up about \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045217\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">31 percent\u003c/a> of the U.S. population, but comprise just \u003ca href=\"https://www.aamc.org/download/321472/data/factstablea8.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">15 percent\u003c/a> of this year’s first-year medical students. That number would be higher if we could figure out how to keep potential medical students from falling through the leaks in the pipeline from grammar school to medical school and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">The leaks are everywhere. Lack of family support: drip. Low-functioning schools: drip. Little guidance or support from teachers: drip. No role models or mentors: drip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">As an African-American girl growing up in a lower-middle-class neighborhood in North Carolina, one of those “drips” should have derailed my journey. Yet I managed to traverse the pipeline and become a physician. Here’s how.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>My Mother’s Support\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">My mother gave me permission as a young girl to dream big: “You can be whatever you want to be,” she told me time and time again. It wasn’t until I was older that I realized how her empowerment would be tested by external limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">My mom valued education and prioritized it for my sister and me. She understood how important it was to go to college, even though she didn’t complete college until we were adults. We were latchkey kids, but felt her presence even when she wasn’t home. Our homework had to be completed and on the coffee table by the time she got home from work. She took time to review our schoolwork with us. She built a structure that required us to do well academically. This initial foundation helped me develop habits that would later become important. She created the pipeline for me and sealed its beginning section.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Help From My Community\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The median income of a school’s neighborhood serves as a proxy for the quality of education the school provides. Stanford researchers have shown that in 100 of the largest U.S. cities, 75 percent of African-American and Hispanic students \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2016/02/concentration-poverty-american-schools/471414/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">were segregated to schools\u003c/a> with peers of low socioeconomic status, compared to just 33 percent of white students. This disparity was shown to contribute to diminished educational achievement due to poor access to resources and increased difficulty attracting higher-quality teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was destined to go to a low-income school lacking in strong classroom leadership. Yet that leak closed for me when I was afforded the opportunity to attend a newly opened and highly resourced secondary school. Families in my neighborhood attended city council meetings and fought for our inclusion in the prized school district, which had initially been built to serve the surrounding upper middle-class neighborhood. Over time, the school became known for having the best resources and the highest test scores in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The opportunity to enroll in this school let me escape the achievement gap that frequently eliminates minority students from consideration well before their opportunity to apply to college or medical school. Neighborhood parents fighting for equitable zoning policies kept me from slipping through the cracks and nudged me forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Teachers and Counselors Plugged Important Leaks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers pulled me back into the pipeline when they noticed I was beginning to lose interest. I enjoyed science and math in elementary school. By the end of middle school, though, I began to follow the pattern of many black girls in my circle. We became interested in science at a young age but later succumbed to the \u003ca href=\"https://money.cnn.com/2017/02/28/technology/girls-math-science-engineering/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“loss of interest”\u003c/a> leak in the pipeline. I was fortunate that my high school biology teacher, Michelle Chadwick, pulled me back in by reinvigorating my interest and teaching me how to be successful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was an amazing teacher. She innovated in the classroom by making us write songs corresponding to different biological processes. We read fictional books about biological agents. We dissected cats and bred fruit flies. She did everything possible to keep our interest by making science fun. I continued to use many of her innovative techniques in medical school to help me learn information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My high school guidance counselor, Janice Barbee, further fortified the pipeline. She told me about scholarships and signed me up for leadership programs. She was specific and direct. She told me exactly where to go and when. Her consistent but necessary investment kept me in the pipeline and pushed me forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Strong Influence of Peers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I started at Winston-Salem State University, one of the country’s small, historically black colleges and universities, I hadn’t selected a major, and becoming a doctor was far from my mind. That career un-choice was due in part to my limited interactions with physicians, especially black ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My roommate, though, knew she wanted to become a doctor and was ready to make her dream a reality. Hearing her story was a shock to me. Cynthia invited me to meetings with black physicians and medical students at a neighboring institution. She introduced me to her friends, who were also interested in medicine. After a year of delving into her interest, it slowly became my interest, too. I chose to major in chemistry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My roommate’s infectious enthusiasm for a career in medicine and her exposing me to other black women pursuing medicine captured me before I fell through the college leak. Her encouragement and dedication to her goals kept me in the pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Unlikely Mentors\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winston-Salem State did not have dedicated medical school advisers or connections to a medical school, so its students didn’t have many on-campus black mentors in medicine. Teachers and mentors from outside the college who were willing to help were often overwhelmed by the number of students seeking their help. (This is something I continue to experience, as I connect with mentors and act as a mentor for others.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My roommate created her own path to medical mentors through networking and Google. We formed our own group and relied heavily on each other for information about the process of applying to medical school. Our biology and chemistry department chairs tried to serve as proxies for black physician mentorship. Without their guidance, medical school would have remained a pipe dream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Help Beyond Medical School\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once I got into Morehouse School of Medicine, I was surrounded by minority students and faculty with the same goal: increasing the number of minority physicians. Leaks in the pipeline still loomed, but they were plugged by my friends and mentors. I struggled to stay focused because of personal issues during my first year in medical school. When I admitted that I didn’t want to finish medical school, my friend Deanna held me accountable and kept me organized. She remained my study partner throughout all four years. Other friends became part of that circle. We challenged each other in our courses and encouraged each other to follow our specialty goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During my residency, this same circle of friends offered emotional support and helped me navigate \u003ca href=\"https://opmed.doximity.com/articles/i-am-not-an-imposter-02f50b07-087f-44a5-a93c-c1f36fbf4463\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">imposter syndrome\u003c/a>. They continue to support me as a fledgling attending physician.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Now It’s My Turn\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many medical school students grew up knowing that they wanted to become doctors. Some had parents, siblings, or friends of the family who were physicians. Many had mentors or friends who encouraged them to consider careers in medicine. For minority students like me, the path to medicine is far more uncertain and uncharted. We need to find ways to build stronger, less-leaky pipelines for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was fortunate that someone always stepped in at moments when I was at risk of dripping out of the pipeline. Now it’s my turn to pay my experiences forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Paula Magee, M.D., is a hospitalist in the pediatric intensive care unit at Children’s National Health System in Washington, D.C.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2019/01/14/minority-students-physician-leaky-pipeline/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1936837/commentary-for-minority-students-the-pipeline-to-become-a-doctor-is-leaky","authors":["byline_science_1936837"],"categories":["science_32","science_39","science_16","science_40"],"tags":["science_1947","science_3838"],"featImg":"science_1936840","label":"source_science_1936837"},"science_1926489":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1926489","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1926489","score":null,"sort":[1531340597000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"should-all-ph-d-s-be-called-doctor-female-academics-say-yes","title":"Should All Ph.D.'s Be Called 'Doctor'? Female Academics Say Yes","publishDate":1531340597,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Should All Ph.D.’s Be Called ‘Doctor’? Female Academics Say Yes | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>On the first day of class, Debbie Gale Mitchell, a chemistry professor at the University of Denver, introduced herself to her students, telling them about her Ph.D. and her research. She told her students they could call her either “Dr. Mitchell” or “Debbie.” A male colleague had told her that he went by his first name and that students were friendlier as a result, so Mitchell decided to try it. Many students chose to call her “Debbie.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then one day a student asked if she thought she’d ever get a Ph.D.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I discovered that for me, the use of my title is VITAL to remind students that I am qualified to be their professor,” Mitchell wrote on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The way that we speak about others influences and is influenced by the way that we think about them.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Mitchell’s story was just one among hundreds shared last summer on social media calling attention to the way gender affects how professionals are addressed, especially those who hold a doctorate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The discussion comes at a time when \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2018/06/19/1805284115.short\">research studies\u003c/a> into gender bias are increasingly confirming that how a person is addressed is linked to perceptions of their status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Twitter conversation branched from multiple roots. On June 7, Eric Kelderman, reporter for the Chronicle of Higher Education, sent out a critical tweet of a female academic who responded to his media inquiry by suggesting that he should have used “Professor” or “Doctor” (the tweet has since been deleted). The next day, a doctor from the U.K., David Naumann, criticized doctors, medical or otherwise, who use their title in a nonprofessional setting. And a few days later the Globe and Mail, a Canadian newspaper, announced revised style guidelines wherein only medical doctors would be referred to using “Dr.”, a convention that is already used most of the time by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ap.org/en-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Associated Press\u003c/a> and news outlets that follow \u003ca href=\"https://www.apstylebook.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AP Style\u003c/a> (including KQED). What followed was an explosion of opinions and experiences revolving around titles, expertise, and gender and racial bias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Ph.D. holders are fine with reserving the title for medical doctors in common parlance, viewing insistence on the title as arrogant and elitist, and do not use their titles even in a scholarly setting. But for women and people of color, an academic title can be a tool to remind others of their expertise in a world that often undermines it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Ph.D. holders who insist on titles say that they actually prefer their first names. But given the discrepancy in usage, some women feel they must use and defend their titles, especially where the alternative is a gendered title like “Ms.”, “Mrs.”, or “Miss”. Fern Riddell, a Ph.D.-holding historian, wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">My title is Dr Fern Riddell, not Ms or Miss Riddell. I have it because I am an expert, and my life and career consist of being that expert in as many different ways as possible. I worked hard to earned my authority, and I will not give it up to anyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Dr Fern Riddell (@FernRiddell) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/FernRiddell/status/1006870044331200512?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 13, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Following backlash to the tweet, which described her as “arrogant” and “immodest,” Riddell coined the hashtag #ImmodestWomen, encouraging hundreds of women to change their Twitter handles to include “Dr.” or share experiences of bias. \u003ca href=\"https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/feminism/2018/06/we-need-immodestwomen-when-so-many-men-are-unable-accept-female-expertise\">Riddell later wrote\u003c/a> about the rationale behind the hashtag, saying that “we define women by their ability to be well behaved.” #ImmodestWomen was “retaliation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tweets show “Dr.” is preferred by many women because it is both unrelated to marital status and gender-neutral, unlike “Mrs.”, “Miss”, or “Ms”. Several tweets described situations where a woman’s husband or colleague was referred to as “Dr.” (whether or not he actually had a doctorate) while she got “Mrs.” or a first name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">My pastor has her PhD. She was interviewed by a local newspaper along with another male member of clergy, NOT a PhD.. HE was referred to as “Reverend Smith”, SHE was called “Paula”. Seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Head To Toe Organizers (@HTTOrganizers) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/HTTOrganizers/status/1006037940374388737?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 11, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In other anecdotes, female doctors (M.D. and Ph.D. alike) were met with utter confusion when they answered the phone to a caller looking for “Dr.”, or presented an airline ticket bearing the title. Even in 2018, with women \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/physicians-by-gender/?dataView=1¤tTimeframe=0&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Location%22,%22sort%22:%22asc%22%7D\">making up 34 percent of active physicians\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.aamc.org/data/facts/\">more than half of medical school matriculants\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://cgsnet.org/ckfinder/userfiles/files/CGS_GED16_Report_Final.pdf\">doctorate recipients\u003c/a>, many people assume that “Dr.” refers to a man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bias in forms of address and use of titles is not limited to gender, many participants in the Twitter discussion pointed out. People of color with doctorates are also often not given the courtesy of their title, which echoes a long history of racially biased uses of titles. History professor Charles W. McKinney wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Wanna know why my students will always call me “Dr. McKinney”? Because one day in 1980 I went to the store with my 75 yr old Grandmother Melida Thomas. Clerk greeted two 20 yr old, white women in front of us with “Mrs” and said “Well, hello Melida” to my Grandmother. That’s why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Charles W. McKinney (@kmt188) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kmt188/status/1005883469761843202?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 10, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The bias reflected in these stories is backed up by data. Last year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/jwh.2016.6044\">a study from the Mayo Clinic\u003c/a> found that female doctors were introduced by their first names, rather than a professional title, much more often than male doctors. And on June 25, researchers from Cornell University \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2018/06/19/1805284115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published results showing that female professionals\u003c/a> are half as likely as their male colleagues to be referred to by their last names, a practice that is associated in the study with lower status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way that we speak about others influences and is influenced by the way that we think about them,” wrote Stav Atir and Melissa J. Ferguson, authors of the recent paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atir and Ferguson described eight different studies, covering forms of address in professor evaluations, talk radio and under experimental conditions. Across the board, female professionals were less likely to be referred to solely by their last name. They even found that fictional researchers who were described with last name only were perceived as better known, more eminent, higher status, and more deserving of awards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[emailsignup newslettername='science' align='right']\u003c/span>The researchers proposed several explanations for their results. It may be more culturally common to refer to men by their last names because they are thought to be more permanent, since women may change their last names when they marry. Alternatively, it could be that speakers use first names to identify a subject’s gender, and this is more common for women in male-dominated professions, where male is the assumed default. This type of bias could even result from attempts to highlight women’s participation by identifying their gender using first names.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The consequences may be ironic,” wrote Atir and Ferguson, “leading to lower judgments of eminence, status, and deservingness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Mitchell, the chemistry professor from the University of Denver, and other academics related on Twitter, one way of fighting this type of bias is to insist upon the title “Dr.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other Ph.D. holders question whether insisting on titles is the best strategy. Meena Kandasamy, a poet and writer with a Ph.D. in sociolinguistics, rarely uses her title and did not change her Twitter handle. She questioned the practice of elevating those who earned doctorates over those who have not had the opportunity to do so:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">For every one of us who has managed to float up and breathe from that cesspool with a doctorate degree above our heads–we must remember our sisters sent home, their dreams crushed, their futures messed up, academia behaving like one petty thug-gang to have the backs of a few men\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— meena kandasamy (@meenakandasamy) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/meenakandasamy/status/1007387779574173697?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 14, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Critics argue that titles do not necessarily reflect how hard one has worked or even level of expertise, and that the most equal solution is fewer titles, not more. But supporters say that claiming the titles is the best choice under the present circumstances. Elissa Harbert, a musicologist, wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">I support \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/ImmodestWomen?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#ImmodestWomen\u003c/a>. As a PhD and professor, I currently use Dr. as my title professionally. My relationships with students improved when I switched to Dr., even though in a perfect world I’d use my first name. It’s not a perfect world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Dr. Elissa Harbert (@KyrieElissa) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/KyrieElissa/status/1007274434514817025?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 14, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In some instances, women are less likely to exhibit bias in form of address. The Mayo Clinic study found female medical doctors introduced both men and women with a title more than 95 percent of the time. Men introduced their female colleagues with a title 49 percent of time, compared with 72 percent of the time for a male colleague. In the Atir and Ferguson study, male speakers on talk radio referred to women by last name less than half as often as they did for men, while female speakers did not have such a strong contrast. \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/109/41/16474.short\">In other research\u003c/a> on gender bias in academia and medicine, women were just as likely to treat men and women differently. As research epidemiologist Chelsea Polis related, implicit bias can extend to usage of titles for speakers and writers of any gender:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">I was once quoted in a story where all men w/PhDs were “Dr. X” & all women w/PhDs were untitled. Writer (a woman) was mortified when I pointed it out. Claiming our titles publicly raises consciousness than women can/do have these credentials. I want young girls/women to see that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Chelsea Polis, PhD (@cbpolis) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/cbpolis/status/1005800829490786304?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 10, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>While the evidence points to persistent bias in professional forms of address, the solution is not so clear. Highlighting women with doctorates, medical or otherwise, may provide an important reminder that woman are now earning nearly half of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/medical-school-graduates-by-gender/?dataView=0¤tTimeframe=0&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Location%22,%22sort%22:%22asc%22%7D\">medical\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/2018/nsf18304/datatables/tab06.htm\">research-based\u003c/a> doctoral degrees. But bias in use of doctoral titles is just one example of the larger issue of gender bias, as Atir and Ferguson’s study demonstrates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We find evidence of a gender bias in the way that we speak about professionals in a variety of domains,” wrote Atir and Ferguson. Addressing the problem may require attention to bias in all arenas, from the classroom to the boardroom.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"\"It’s Dr, Not Mrs.” say female academics on Twitter. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927704,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":1795},"headData":{"title":"Should All Ph.D.'s Be Called 'Doctor'? Female Academics Say Yes | KQED","description":""It’s Dr, Not Mrs.” say female academics on Twitter. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Should All Ph.D.'s Be Called 'Doctor'? Female Academics Say Yes","datePublished":"2018-07-11T20:23:17.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:01:44.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/1926489/should-all-ph-d-s-be-called-doctor-female-academics-say-yes","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On the first day of class, Debbie Gale Mitchell, a chemistry professor at the University of Denver, introduced herself to her students, telling them about her Ph.D. and her research. She told her students they could call her either “Dr. Mitchell” or “Debbie.” A male colleague had told her that he went by his first name and that students were friendlier as a result, so Mitchell decided to try it. Many students chose to call her “Debbie.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then one day a student asked if she thought she’d ever get a Ph.D.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I discovered that for me, the use of my title is VITAL to remind students that I am qualified to be their professor,” Mitchell wrote on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The way that we speak about others influences and is influenced by the way that we think about them.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Mitchell’s story was just one among hundreds shared last summer on social media calling attention to the way gender affects how professionals are addressed, especially those who hold a doctorate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The discussion comes at a time when \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2018/06/19/1805284115.short\">research studies\u003c/a> into gender bias are increasingly confirming that how a person is addressed is linked to perceptions of their status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Twitter conversation branched from multiple roots. On June 7, Eric Kelderman, reporter for the Chronicle of Higher Education, sent out a critical tweet of a female academic who responded to his media inquiry by suggesting that he should have used “Professor” or “Doctor” (the tweet has since been deleted). The next day, a doctor from the U.K., David Naumann, criticized doctors, medical or otherwise, who use their title in a nonprofessional setting. And a few days later the Globe and Mail, a Canadian newspaper, announced revised style guidelines wherein only medical doctors would be referred to using “Dr.”, a convention that is already used most of the time by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ap.org/en-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Associated Press\u003c/a> and news outlets that follow \u003ca href=\"https://www.apstylebook.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AP Style\u003c/a> (including KQED). What followed was an explosion of opinions and experiences revolving around titles, expertise, and gender and racial bias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Ph.D. holders are fine with reserving the title for medical doctors in common parlance, viewing insistence on the title as arrogant and elitist, and do not use their titles even in a scholarly setting. But for women and people of color, an academic title can be a tool to remind others of their expertise in a world that often undermines it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Ph.D. holders who insist on titles say that they actually prefer their first names. But given the discrepancy in usage, some women feel they must use and defend their titles, especially where the alternative is a gendered title like “Ms.”, “Mrs.”, or “Miss”. Fern Riddell, a Ph.D.-holding historian, wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">My title is Dr Fern Riddell, not Ms or Miss Riddell. I have it because I am an expert, and my life and career consist of being that expert in as many different ways as possible. I worked hard to earned my authority, and I will not give it up to anyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Dr Fern Riddell (@FernRiddell) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/FernRiddell/status/1006870044331200512?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 13, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Following backlash to the tweet, which described her as “arrogant” and “immodest,” Riddell coined the hashtag #ImmodestWomen, encouraging hundreds of women to change their Twitter handles to include “Dr.” or share experiences of bias. \u003ca href=\"https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/feminism/2018/06/we-need-immodestwomen-when-so-many-men-are-unable-accept-female-expertise\">Riddell later wrote\u003c/a> about the rationale behind the hashtag, saying that “we define women by their ability to be well behaved.” #ImmodestWomen was “retaliation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tweets show “Dr.” is preferred by many women because it is both unrelated to marital status and gender-neutral, unlike “Mrs.”, “Miss”, or “Ms”. Several tweets described situations where a woman’s husband or colleague was referred to as “Dr.” (whether or not he actually had a doctorate) while she got “Mrs.” or a first name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">My pastor has her PhD. She was interviewed by a local newspaper along with another male member of clergy, NOT a PhD.. HE was referred to as “Reverend Smith”, SHE was called “Paula”. Seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Head To Toe Organizers (@HTTOrganizers) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/HTTOrganizers/status/1006037940374388737?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 11, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In other anecdotes, female doctors (M.D. and Ph.D. alike) were met with utter confusion when they answered the phone to a caller looking for “Dr.”, or presented an airline ticket bearing the title. Even in 2018, with women \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/physicians-by-gender/?dataView=1¤tTimeframe=0&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Location%22,%22sort%22:%22asc%22%7D\">making up 34 percent of active physicians\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.aamc.org/data/facts/\">more than half of medical school matriculants\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://cgsnet.org/ckfinder/userfiles/files/CGS_GED16_Report_Final.pdf\">doctorate recipients\u003c/a>, many people assume that “Dr.” refers to a man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bias in forms of address and use of titles is not limited to gender, many participants in the Twitter discussion pointed out. People of color with doctorates are also often not given the courtesy of their title, which echoes a long history of racially biased uses of titles. History professor Charles W. McKinney wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Wanna know why my students will always call me “Dr. McKinney”? Because one day in 1980 I went to the store with my 75 yr old Grandmother Melida Thomas. Clerk greeted two 20 yr old, white women in front of us with “Mrs” and said “Well, hello Melida” to my Grandmother. That’s why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Charles W. McKinney (@kmt188) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kmt188/status/1005883469761843202?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 10, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The bias reflected in these stories is backed up by data. Last year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/jwh.2016.6044\">a study from the Mayo Clinic\u003c/a> found that female doctors were introduced by their first names, rather than a professional title, much more often than male doctors. And on June 25, researchers from Cornell University \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2018/06/19/1805284115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published results showing that female professionals\u003c/a> are half as likely as their male colleagues to be referred to by their last names, a practice that is associated in the study with lower status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way that we speak about others influences and is influenced by the way that we think about them,” wrote Stav Atir and Melissa J. Ferguson, authors of the recent paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atir and Ferguson described eight different studies, covering forms of address in professor evaluations, talk radio and under experimental conditions. Across the board, female professionals were less likely to be referred to solely by their last name. They even found that fictional researchers who were described with last name only were perceived as better known, more eminent, higher status, and more deserving of awards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"emailsignup","attributes":{"named":{"newslettername":"science","align":"right","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>The researchers proposed several explanations for their results. It may be more culturally common to refer to men by their last names because they are thought to be more permanent, since women may change their last names when they marry. Alternatively, it could be that speakers use first names to identify a subject’s gender, and this is more common for women in male-dominated professions, where male is the assumed default. This type of bias could even result from attempts to highlight women’s participation by identifying their gender using first names.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The consequences may be ironic,” wrote Atir and Ferguson, “leading to lower judgments of eminence, status, and deservingness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Mitchell, the chemistry professor from the University of Denver, and other academics related on Twitter, one way of fighting this type of bias is to insist upon the title “Dr.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other Ph.D. holders question whether insisting on titles is the best strategy. Meena Kandasamy, a poet and writer with a Ph.D. in sociolinguistics, rarely uses her title and did not change her Twitter handle. She questioned the practice of elevating those who earned doctorates over those who have not had the opportunity to do so:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">For every one of us who has managed to float up and breathe from that cesspool with a doctorate degree above our heads–we must remember our sisters sent home, their dreams crushed, their futures messed up, academia behaving like one petty thug-gang to have the backs of a few men\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— meena kandasamy (@meenakandasamy) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/meenakandasamy/status/1007387779574173697?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 14, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Critics argue that titles do not necessarily reflect how hard one has worked or even level of expertise, and that the most equal solution is fewer titles, not more. But supporters say that claiming the titles is the best choice under the present circumstances. Elissa Harbert, a musicologist, wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">I support \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/ImmodestWomen?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#ImmodestWomen\u003c/a>. As a PhD and professor, I currently use Dr. as my title professionally. My relationships with students improved when I switched to Dr., even though in a perfect world I’d use my first name. It’s not a perfect world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Dr. Elissa Harbert (@KyrieElissa) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/KyrieElissa/status/1007274434514817025?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 14, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In some instances, women are less likely to exhibit bias in form of address. The Mayo Clinic study found female medical doctors introduced both men and women with a title more than 95 percent of the time. Men introduced their female colleagues with a title 49 percent of time, compared with 72 percent of the time for a male colleague. In the Atir and Ferguson study, male speakers on talk radio referred to women by last name less than half as often as they did for men, while female speakers did not have such a strong contrast. \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/109/41/16474.short\">In other research\u003c/a> on gender bias in academia and medicine, women were just as likely to treat men and women differently. As research epidemiologist Chelsea Polis related, implicit bias can extend to usage of titles for speakers and writers of any gender:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">I was once quoted in a story where all men w/PhDs were “Dr. X” & all women w/PhDs were untitled. Writer (a woman) was mortified when I pointed it out. Claiming our titles publicly raises consciousness than women can/do have these credentials. I want young girls/women to see that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Chelsea Polis, PhD (@cbpolis) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/cbpolis/status/1005800829490786304?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 10, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>While the evidence points to persistent bias in professional forms of address, the solution is not so clear. Highlighting women with doctorates, medical or otherwise, may provide an important reminder that woman are now earning nearly half of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/medical-school-graduates-by-gender/?dataView=0¤tTimeframe=0&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Location%22,%22sort%22:%22asc%22%7D\">medical\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/2018/nsf18304/datatables/tab06.htm\">research-based\u003c/a> doctoral degrees. But bias in use of doctoral titles is just one example of the larger issue of gender bias, as Atir and Ferguson’s study demonstrates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We find evidence of a gender bias in the way that we speak about professionals in a variety of domains,” wrote Atir and Ferguson. Addressing the problem may require attention to bias in all arenas, from the classroom to the boardroom.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1926489/should-all-ph-d-s-be-called-doctor-female-academics-say-yes","authors":["11518"],"categories":["science_32","science_40"],"tags":["science_1947","science_3370","science_1342"],"featImg":"science_1927149","label":"science"},"science_1922125":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1922125","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1922125","score":null,"sort":[1523278880000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"students-with-autism-excel-in-working-with-data-helping-scientists","title":"Students With Autism Excel in Working With Data, Helping Scientists","publishDate":1523278880,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Students With Autism Excel in Working With Data, Helping Scientists | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Twenty-year-old Ryan Karsner is surrounded by rocks. Thousands of them overflow from boxes and cabinets in a cramped storeroom at the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, Calif.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rocks range from rust-hued sandstone to smooth grey basalt. Some have been collecting dust in rooms like this for more than 50 years, until now. Ryan’s task is to catalog the collection into a massive spreadsheet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922176\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1922176 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A storeroom at USGS in Menlo Park, Calif: Some of the rocks Ryan Karsner works with have waited to be cataloged for over 50 years. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He might seem like your typical college-aged research assistant. He’s dedicated and enthusiastic about science. But Ryan has struggled with autism his whole life. In elementary school, he had trouble with the most basic math and reading. Ryan’s teachers told his family he would be lucky to one day work at a 7-Eleven.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now he helps scientists conduct important research.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The obsessions or passionate interests of autistic people often provide the basis of a career or a pathway forward.’\u003ccite>Steve Silberman, author\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“If someone told me I would be working here ten years ago,” says Ryan, “I would never have believed them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ryan is one of 12 Bay Area students participating in a new job training program called \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/news/step-science-engaging-young-adults-disabilities\">STEP-UP\u003c/a>, or Secondary Transition to Employment Program – USGS Partnership. The program pairs young adults with autism and other developmental disabilities with scientists to assist with research projects. The students, aged 18 to 22, volunteer at the agency’s headquarters in Menlo Park a few times a week, and receive a stipend from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USGS geologist Scott Bennett says that since the program launched in January, the STEP-UP students have made an “invaluable” contribution to his work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their ability to focus and complete the task at hand is really exceptional,” says Bennett. “They’re just doing a great job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922165\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1922165\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">20-year-old Carla Young scans handwritten geological field notebooks dating back to the 1940’s for Scott Bennett’s lab at USGS. Carla commutes two hours each way for the opportunity to participate in STEP-UP. She says, “My goal was trying new things. I started taking things slowly, and I love it so much.” \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bennett is in the map-making business. His lab uses rock samples and field measurements collected throughout the Pacific Northwest to locate geologic hazards like fault-lines and landslide-prone areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not glamorous work to be honest,” Bennett says of the archival project the students are undertaking. But it’s essential to the preservation of their data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Ryan Karsner, whose passion is the outdoors, the opportunity is a chance to do something meaningful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922175\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1922175 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ryan Karsner holds a thin section of volcanic rock. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I like rocks a lot,” he says, “and to know that I am assisting in building maps that could help people, it’s kind of like, ‘Wow.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ryan’s parents, Janine and Richard Karsner, learned about the STEP-UP program from a teacher from Santa Clara Unified School District. Ryan came a long way since elementary school, but at 20, he still doesn’t have a high school diploma. Without clear college or job prospects on the table, his parents worried about his future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have a special needs child, your options a lot of times are limited, and you don’t know what’s out there,” Janine Karsner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is real concern for families like the Karsner’s. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.thehrdigest.com/66-adults-autism-unemployed-blame/\">unemployment rate\u003c/a> for autistic adults is more than 15 times the national average — even though the majority don’t have impaired intelligence. This can fuel \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/04/21/401243060/young-adults-with-autism-more-likely-to-be-unemployed-isolated\">anxiety and depression\u003c/a> in a group prone to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/10/01/554461501/many-young-adults-with-autism-also-have-mental-health-issues\">emotional distress\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘These students are tuned to unique and wonderful wavelengths. And when you get them on that wavelength, they are just incredible.’\u003ccite>Chris Hammond, USGS STEP-UP program manager\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Federal law requires public schools offer job training to students with disabilities. Melissa Mitchell, the teacher who told the Karsner’s about STEP-UP, says this mandate doesn’t come with funding. It’s left up to the individual school districts to develop and, for the most part, pay for programs out of their already strained budgets. This limits the number and variety of what’s offered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Karsner’s found that most programs prepared students for simple tasks like folding laundry or bagging groceries. While beneficial to many, Richard Karsnser says these one-size-fit-all options overlook the potential people like his son have to contribute to a workplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STEP-UP, he says, is different. Richard still remembers the first day his son came home from the program in January. He couldn’t stop talking about a particular rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922170\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1922170 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ryan Karsner shows off his favorite rock – a piece of fault line that was formed millions of years ago. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“He walks in the door and he has a smile ear to ear, and he goes, ‘You’ll never believe what happened. I got to hold a piece of a fault line and it’s 6 million years old. How awesome is that?’ And I was like, ‘This is going to be a great place.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While new to California, the program was pioneered in 2012 at USGS’s main office in Reston, Virginia. It proved \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/news/a-grand-slam-students-schools-and-science\">so beneficial\u003c/a> to students and scientists, the agency decided to expand it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Hammond, who manages the program for USGS, says he’s been amazed by what students have been able to accomplish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t know much about autism before I got involved with this group,” says Hammond. “But what I’m finding is these students are tuned to very fine, unique and wonderful wavelengths. And when you get them on that wavelength, they are just incredible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922167\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1922167\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">STEP-UP alumnus Kevin Kim now works part-time for USGS in Virginia. While in the program, Kevin worked so fast, he crashed one of the agency’s email servers. \u003ccite>(Chris Hammond/USGS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Data entry, archiving, and digitization make up the bulk of the tasks assigned to the students. Hammond says the error rate of most people USGS hires for this type of work is around three percent. The STEP-UP cohort in Virginia averages point-three percent. The students often find mistakes in other people’s work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They do things that neurotypical people just wouldn’t have the time, patience or attention to detail on,” Hammond says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”zcbWqU8dMmaNg6QfR9Dh8HOPoaFEroa5″]When students turn 22, they age out of STEP-UP, and many of the services offered to autistic people. So far, USGS in Virginia has hired four out of the eight students that have graduated the program as part-time employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, what is the key to unlocking the potential of someone on the spectrum?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Journalist Steve Silberman got to know hundreds of young people with autism for his book \u003ca href=\"http://stevesilberman.com/book/neurotribes/\">NeuroTribes\u003c/a>. He says each one is passionate about something — whether it’s Pokemon or computer games or collecting rocks. The interests of autistic people can seem like obsessions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It turns out that the obsessions or, if you will, passionate interests, of autistic people often provide the basis of a career or a pathway forward,” Silberman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traits associated with autistic people, like hyper-focus and repetitive behavior, can translate into them becoming hard-working, detail-oriented employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922173\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1922173\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Janine, Ryan and Richard Karsner inside USGS offices in Menlo Park. Janine and Richard say working at the Geological Survey has given Ryan a new perspective on his future. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“So, by supporting those interests,” says Silberman, “you actually give the person the best chance of success.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vocational training programs like STEP-UP play a big role in this. They help young people with autism figure out what they like, and what they’re good at. They also teach employers the value of their skills and how to work with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without the chance to put their abilities to use, autistic kids can find it difficult to transition to adulthood.[contextly_sidebar id=”vpol7h4P27cHZoAdp0gLj9JzPESwyjNo”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Suicide is a serious problem for autistic adults because they never found a career or perhaps don’t have any way to make a meaningful contribution to society,” says Silberman. “So we’re not just talking about making people’s lives more fun or something, we’re actually talking about issues of life and death.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford psychiatrist Antonio Hardan has been treating autistic children and adults for over 25 years. He says there’s a growing awareness of the hidden potential of many people on the spectrum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The sky’s the limit, if you find an area that matches the person’s interests,” Hardan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922178\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1922178\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">STEP-UP student Diya Rao helps geologists measure the water content of soil. She says the best part is running the samples through the soil splitter (pictured left). \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With this this awareness comes a greater need to fund opportunities like STEP-UP. “It’s a great thing,” says Hardan. “We need more programs like this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hardan says local, state and federal governments need to put more financial backing behind these resources. He’s looking to universities like Stanford to lead the way in developing programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s still too early to tell whether Ryan Karsner will have job waiting for him at the end of the STEP-UP program. Scott Bennett from USGS says he hopes they’ll be able to keep him on to finish the rock archival project, and maybe even get him out into the field to collect samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless, Ryan says the experience has him rethinking what’s possible. He’s realizing he can, “be somebody that I want to be,” instead of have everyone tell him what he can’t.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new Bay Area job-training program is pioneering ways to turn what some employers might view as disabilities into strength. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928032,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":41,"wordCount":1740},"headData":{"title":"Students With Autism Excel in Working With Data, Helping Scientists | KQED","description":"A new Bay Area job-training program is pioneering ways to turn what some employers might view as disabilities into strength. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Students With Autism Excel in Working With Data, Helping Scientists","datePublished":"2018-04-09T13:01:20.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:07:12.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Education","sticky":false,"audioTrackLength":451,"path":"/science/1922125/students-with-autism-excel-in-working-with-data-helping-scientists","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2018/04/FORWEBArcuniAutism.mp3","audioDuration":436000,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Twenty-year-old Ryan Karsner is surrounded by rocks. Thousands of them overflow from boxes and cabinets in a cramped storeroom at the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, Calif.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rocks range from rust-hued sandstone to smooth grey basalt. Some have been collecting dust in rooms like this for more than 50 years, until now. Ryan’s task is to catalog the collection into a massive spreadsheet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922176\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1922176 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A storeroom at USGS in Menlo Park, Calif: Some of the rocks Ryan Karsner works with have waited to be cataloged for over 50 years. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He might seem like your typical college-aged research assistant. He’s dedicated and enthusiastic about science. But Ryan has struggled with autism his whole life. In elementary school, he had trouble with the most basic math and reading. Ryan’s teachers told his family he would be lucky to one day work at a 7-Eleven.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now he helps scientists conduct important research.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The obsessions or passionate interests of autistic people often provide the basis of a career or a pathway forward.’\u003ccite>Steve Silberman, author\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“If someone told me I would be working here ten years ago,” says Ryan, “I would never have believed them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ryan is one of 12 Bay Area students participating in a new job training program called \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/news/step-science-engaging-young-adults-disabilities\">STEP-UP\u003c/a>, or Secondary Transition to Employment Program – USGS Partnership. The program pairs young adults with autism and other developmental disabilities with scientists to assist with research projects. The students, aged 18 to 22, volunteer at the agency’s headquarters in Menlo Park a few times a week, and receive a stipend from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USGS geologist Scott Bennett says that since the program launched in January, the STEP-UP students have made an “invaluable” contribution to his work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their ability to focus and complete the task at hand is really exceptional,” says Bennett. “They’re just doing a great job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922165\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1922165\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">20-year-old Carla Young scans handwritten geological field notebooks dating back to the 1940’s for Scott Bennett’s lab at USGS. Carla commutes two hours each way for the opportunity to participate in STEP-UP. She says, “My goal was trying new things. I started taking things slowly, and I love it so much.” \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bennett is in the map-making business. His lab uses rock samples and field measurements collected throughout the Pacific Northwest to locate geologic hazards like fault-lines and landslide-prone areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not glamorous work to be honest,” Bennett says of the archival project the students are undertaking. But it’s essential to the preservation of their data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Ryan Karsner, whose passion is the outdoors, the opportunity is a chance to do something meaningful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922175\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1922175 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ryan Karsner holds a thin section of volcanic rock. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I like rocks a lot,” he says, “and to know that I am assisting in building maps that could help people, it’s kind of like, ‘Wow.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ryan’s parents, Janine and Richard Karsner, learned about the STEP-UP program from a teacher from Santa Clara Unified School District. Ryan came a long way since elementary school, but at 20, he still doesn’t have a high school diploma. Without clear college or job prospects on the table, his parents worried about his future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have a special needs child, your options a lot of times are limited, and you don’t know what’s out there,” Janine Karsner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is real concern for families like the Karsner’s. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.thehrdigest.com/66-adults-autism-unemployed-blame/\">unemployment rate\u003c/a> for autistic adults is more than 15 times the national average — even though the majority don’t have impaired intelligence. This can fuel \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/04/21/401243060/young-adults-with-autism-more-likely-to-be-unemployed-isolated\">anxiety and depression\u003c/a> in a group prone to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/10/01/554461501/many-young-adults-with-autism-also-have-mental-health-issues\">emotional distress\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘These students are tuned to unique and wonderful wavelengths. And when you get them on that wavelength, they are just incredible.’\u003ccite>Chris Hammond, USGS STEP-UP program manager\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Federal law requires public schools offer job training to students with disabilities. Melissa Mitchell, the teacher who told the Karsner’s about STEP-UP, says this mandate doesn’t come with funding. It’s left up to the individual school districts to develop and, for the most part, pay for programs out of their already strained budgets. This limits the number and variety of what’s offered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Karsner’s found that most programs prepared students for simple tasks like folding laundry or bagging groceries. While beneficial to many, Richard Karsnser says these one-size-fit-all options overlook the potential people like his son have to contribute to a workplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STEP-UP, he says, is different. Richard still remembers the first day his son came home from the program in January. He couldn’t stop talking about a particular rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922170\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1922170 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ryan Karsner shows off his favorite rock – a piece of fault line that was formed millions of years ago. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“He walks in the door and he has a smile ear to ear, and he goes, ‘You’ll never believe what happened. I got to hold a piece of a fault line and it’s 6 million years old. How awesome is that?’ And I was like, ‘This is going to be a great place.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While new to California, the program was pioneered in 2012 at USGS’s main office in Reston, Virginia. It proved \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/news/a-grand-slam-students-schools-and-science\">so beneficial\u003c/a> to students and scientists, the agency decided to expand it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Hammond, who manages the program for USGS, says he’s been amazed by what students have been able to accomplish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t know much about autism before I got involved with this group,” says Hammond. “But what I’m finding is these students are tuned to very fine, unique and wonderful wavelengths. And when you get them on that wavelength, they are just incredible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922167\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1922167\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">STEP-UP alumnus Kevin Kim now works part-time for USGS in Virginia. While in the program, Kevin worked so fast, he crashed one of the agency’s email servers. \u003ccite>(Chris Hammond/USGS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Data entry, archiving, and digitization make up the bulk of the tasks assigned to the students. Hammond says the error rate of most people USGS hires for this type of work is around three percent. The STEP-UP cohort in Virginia averages point-three percent. The students often find mistakes in other people’s work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They do things that neurotypical people just wouldn’t have the time, patience or attention to detail on,” Hammond says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>When students turn 22, they age out of STEP-UP, and many of the services offered to autistic people. So far, USGS in Virginia has hired four out of the eight students that have graduated the program as part-time employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, what is the key to unlocking the potential of someone on the spectrum?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Journalist Steve Silberman got to know hundreds of young people with autism for his book \u003ca href=\"http://stevesilberman.com/book/neurotribes/\">NeuroTribes\u003c/a>. He says each one is passionate about something — whether it’s Pokemon or computer games or collecting rocks. The interests of autistic people can seem like obsessions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It turns out that the obsessions or, if you will, passionate interests, of autistic people often provide the basis of a career or a pathway forward,” Silberman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traits associated with autistic people, like hyper-focus and repetitive behavior, can translate into them becoming hard-working, detail-oriented employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922173\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1922173\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Janine, Ryan and Richard Karsner inside USGS offices in Menlo Park. Janine and Richard say working at the Geological Survey has given Ryan a new perspective on his future. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“So, by supporting those interests,” says Silberman, “you actually give the person the best chance of success.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vocational training programs like STEP-UP play a big role in this. They help young people with autism figure out what they like, and what they’re good at. They also teach employers the value of their skills and how to work with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without the chance to put their abilities to use, autistic kids can find it difficult to transition to adulthood.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Suicide is a serious problem for autistic adults because they never found a career or perhaps don’t have any way to make a meaningful contribution to society,” says Silberman. “So we’re not just talking about making people’s lives more fun or something, we’re actually talking about issues of life and death.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford psychiatrist Antonio Hardan has been treating autistic children and adults for over 25 years. He says there’s a growing awareness of the hidden potential of many people on the spectrum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The sky’s the limit, if you find an area that matches the person’s interests,” Hardan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922178\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1922178\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">STEP-UP student Diya Rao helps geologists measure the water content of soil. She says the best part is running the samples through the soil splitter (pictured left). \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With this this awareness comes a greater need to fund opportunities like STEP-UP. “It’s a great thing,” says Hardan. “We need more programs like this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hardan says local, state and federal governments need to put more financial backing behind these resources. He’s looking to universities like Stanford to lead the way in developing programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s still too early to tell whether Ryan Karsner will have job waiting for him at the end of the STEP-UP program. Scott Bennett from USGS says he hopes they’ll be able to keep him on to finish the rock archival project, and maybe even get him out into the field to collect samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless, Ryan says the experience has him rethinking what’s possible. He’s realizing he can, “be somebody that I want to be,” instead of have everyone tell him what he can’t.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1922125/students-with-autism-excel-in-working-with-data-helping-scientists","authors":["11368"],"categories":["science_32","science_40","science_3423"],"tags":["science_1947","science_3370","science_813","science_838"],"featImg":"science_1922161","label":"source_science_1922125"},"science_1921392":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1921392","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1921392","score":null,"sort":[1521487222000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"did-the-computerless-computer-teacher-ever-get-a-computer","title":"Did the Computerless Computer Teacher Ever Get a Computer?","publishDate":1521487222,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Did the Computerless Computer Teacher Ever Get a Computer? | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>He was the computer teacher without a computer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then his story went viral — and his life (and classroom) changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On March 1, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/01/589519475/computer-teacher-with-no-computers-chalks-up-clever-classroom-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR published a story\u003c/a> about Owura Kwadwo Hottish, 33, who painstakingly drew a computer screen on a chalkboard to teach his computerless middle school students in Kumasi, Ghana, about Microsoft Word and other computer software.[contextly_sidebar id=”3rKJ1imjPfYYjKZx5rr7C3bsa3SK939E”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other news outlets, including the BBC and Quartz, covered his story as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, he has been receiving worldwide support — and even a few computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first computer, a laptop, \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/hottish.owura/posts/1971605842868811\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">arrived to the Betenase M/A Junior High School on March 8\u003c/a>. It was sent by Amirah Alharthi, a Saudi Ph.D. student living in the U.K.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email to NPR, she said she was moved by the teachings of Islam to take action. “Also, I am thinking of how many genius people the world has lost because they did not have fair opportunities,” she wrote. “And that makes me very sad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On March 12, he received \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/hottish.owura/posts/1976474882381907\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a second donation\u003c/a>: five new desktop computers for the school, a laptop for himself and three boxes of textbooks on information and communications technology. This \u003ca href=\"http://myjoyonline.com/news/2018/March-13th/-niit-ghana-donates-computers-ict-textbooks-to-betenase-jhs.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">was donated by NIIT\u003c/a>, an Indian-owned technical college in Ghana, according to Hottish.[contextly_sidebar id=”4wVHcKjzmzvrOa4nFyygdI2FvYBTdHpY”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tell your [NPR] viewers, we are waiting for theirs,” teased Hottish to NPR via Whatsapp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Microsoft made a donation, as well, after receiving thousands of requests on Twitter in late February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sarah Alamshaw, a spokesperson from Microsoft, told NPR that the company will give Hottish a laptop and a voucher for professional development training under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/learning/mce-certification.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Microsoft Certified Educator Program\u003c/a>, to help him better integrate \u003ca href=\"https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/ict\">ICT\u003c/a> into his teaching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, on March 13 the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MicrosoftAfrica/status/973830458181128193\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">company sent him\u003c/a> to Singapore for the Microsoft Global Education Exchange Summit, where 400 educators and schoolteachers from 91 countries gathered to discuss the role of technology in education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a statement from Microsoft, Hottish was a “star” at the event and earned a standing ovation when he took the stage.[contextly_sidebar id=”4KGqe1byR1nIcjMK0O2b5WYWmdRWjBLF”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your work has really inspired the world. It really shows the amazing innovation and commitment and passion that teachers have for helping their students get ready for the future,” says Anthony Salcito, vice president of Worldwide Education at Microsoft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while this story has a happy ending, not all global education researchers are satisfied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Hottish’s story] is a representation of the failure of Ghana’s curriculum,” tweeted Brendan J. Rigby, a Melbourne-based education professional at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.education.vic.gov.au/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Education and Training Victoria\u003c/a> and the founder of a global development blog called \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/whydev.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WhyDev\u003c/a>. In 2015, Rigby helped conduct \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/brendan-rigby-73652120/detail/treasury/position:1128987816/?entityUrn=urn%3Ali%3Afs_treasuryMedia%3A(ACoAAARZKNoBkTyGwDQcessC4ncVcc0ikgdgVaw%2C1509748387557)&lipi=urn%3Ali%3Apage%3Ad_flagship3_profile_view_base%3B4E478MlORK6MaqpCnrtCnA%3D%3D&licu=urn%3Ali%3Acontrol%3Ad_flagship3_profile_view_base-treasury_thumbnail_cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a study of out-of-school children in Ghana\u003c/a> with UNICEF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many rural schools are without electricity or the necessary resources to adequately teach ICT, and enable students to effectively learn [this] as a subject,” he tweeted. “There are far more pressing issues within [Ghana’s education] system — equity, literacy, numeracy, inclusion and achievement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Follow-Up%3A+Did+The+Computerless+Computer+Teacher+Ever+Get+A+Computer%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The story of the teacher without a computer prompted widespread support. But did he get any laptops?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928092,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":537},"headData":{"title":"Did the Computerless Computer Teacher Ever Get a Computer? | KQED","description":"The story of the teacher without a computer prompted widespread support. But did he get any laptops?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Did the Computerless Computer Teacher Ever Get a Computer?","datePublished":"2018-03-19T19:20:22.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:08:12.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Education","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Malaka Gharib\u003cbr />NPR Goats & Soda","nprImageAgency":"Frimpong Innocent","nprStoryId":"594268084","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=594268084&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/17/594268084/follow-up-did-the-computerless-computer-teacher-ever-get-a-computer?ft=nprml&f=594268084","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 19 Mar 2018 13:49:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Sat, 17 Mar 2018 07:01:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 19 Mar 2018 13:49:34 -0400","path":"/science/1921392/did-the-computerless-computer-teacher-ever-get-a-computer","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>He was the computer teacher without a computer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then his story went viral — and his life (and classroom) changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On March 1, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/01/589519475/computer-teacher-with-no-computers-chalks-up-clever-classroom-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR published a story\u003c/a> about Owura Kwadwo Hottish, 33, who painstakingly drew a computer screen on a chalkboard to teach his computerless middle school students in Kumasi, Ghana, about Microsoft Word and other computer software.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other news outlets, including the BBC and Quartz, covered his story as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, he has been receiving worldwide support — and even a few computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first computer, a laptop, \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/hottish.owura/posts/1971605842868811\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">arrived to the Betenase M/A Junior High School on March 8\u003c/a>. It was sent by Amirah Alharthi, a Saudi Ph.D. student living in the U.K.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email to NPR, she said she was moved by the teachings of Islam to take action. “Also, I am thinking of how many genius people the world has lost because they did not have fair opportunities,” she wrote. “And that makes me very sad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On March 12, he received \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/hottish.owura/posts/1976474882381907\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a second donation\u003c/a>: five new desktop computers for the school, a laptop for himself and three boxes of textbooks on information and communications technology. This \u003ca href=\"http://myjoyonline.com/news/2018/March-13th/-niit-ghana-donates-computers-ict-textbooks-to-betenase-jhs.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">was donated by NIIT\u003c/a>, an Indian-owned technical college in Ghana, according to Hottish.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tell your [NPR] viewers, we are waiting for theirs,” teased Hottish to NPR via Whatsapp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Microsoft made a donation, as well, after receiving thousands of requests on Twitter in late February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sarah Alamshaw, a spokesperson from Microsoft, told NPR that the company will give Hottish a laptop and a voucher for professional development training under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/learning/mce-certification.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Microsoft Certified Educator Program\u003c/a>, to help him better integrate \u003ca href=\"https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/ict\">ICT\u003c/a> into his teaching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, on March 13 the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MicrosoftAfrica/status/973830458181128193\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">company sent him\u003c/a> to Singapore for the Microsoft Global Education Exchange Summit, where 400 educators and schoolteachers from 91 countries gathered to discuss the role of technology in education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a statement from Microsoft, Hottish was a “star” at the event and earned a standing ovation when he took the stage.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your work has really inspired the world. It really shows the amazing innovation and commitment and passion that teachers have for helping their students get ready for the future,” says Anthony Salcito, vice president of Worldwide Education at Microsoft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while this story has a happy ending, not all global education researchers are satisfied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Hottish’s story] is a representation of the failure of Ghana’s curriculum,” tweeted Brendan J. Rigby, a Melbourne-based education professional at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.education.vic.gov.au/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Education and Training Victoria\u003c/a> and the founder of a global development blog called \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/whydev.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WhyDev\u003c/a>. In 2015, Rigby helped conduct \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/brendan-rigby-73652120/detail/treasury/position:1128987816/?entityUrn=urn%3Ali%3Afs_treasuryMedia%3A(ACoAAARZKNoBkTyGwDQcessC4ncVcc0ikgdgVaw%2C1509748387557)&lipi=urn%3Ali%3Apage%3Ad_flagship3_profile_view_base%3B4E478MlORK6MaqpCnrtCnA%3D%3D&licu=urn%3Ali%3Acontrol%3Ad_flagship3_profile_view_base-treasury_thumbnail_cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a study of out-of-school children in Ghana\u003c/a> with UNICEF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many rural schools are without electricity or the necessary resources to adequately teach ICT, and enable students to effectively learn [this] as a subject,” he tweeted. “There are far more pressing issues within [Ghana’s education] system — equity, literacy, numeracy, inclusion and achievement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Follow-Up%3A+Did+The+Computerless+Computer+Teacher+Ever+Get+A+Computer%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1921392/did-the-computerless-computer-teacher-ever-get-a-computer","authors":["byline_science_1921392"],"categories":["science_32","science_40"],"tags":["science_462","science_1947","science_461"],"featImg":"science_1921401","label":"source_science_1921392"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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