California’s Commercial Salmon Season Is Closed Again This Year
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Reservoirs levels plummeted over the last three years, but now have more water than they can hold.","publishDate":1679589957,"status":"inherit","parent":1981943,"modified":1679590109,"caption":"Water pours out of Lake Oroville in Northern California in March. Reservoirs levels plummeted over the last three years, but now have more water than they can hold.","credit":"Ken James/California Department of Water Resources","altTag":"Water flowing at high speeds out of a lake.","description":"A drone provides an aerial view of the small cloud mist formed as water flows over the four energy dissipator blocks at the end of the Lake Oroville main spillway. The California Department of Water Resources increased the water release down the main spillway from 4,000 cubic feet per second (cfs) to 8,000 cfs. Main spillway releases will continue to manage lake levels in anticipation of rain and snowmelt. Photo taken March 10, 2023.\r\rKen James / California Department of Water Resources","imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_10_kj_0135_oroville_spillway_release_drone_custom-1c4d8c2890281e48323fb324cfa8dc4fdda4bca7-800x554.jpg","width":800,"height":554,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_10_kj_0135_oroville_spillway_release_drone_custom-1c4d8c2890281e48323fb324cfa8dc4fdda4bca7-1020x706.jpg","width":1020,"height":706,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_10_kj_0135_oroville_spillway_release_drone_custom-1c4d8c2890281e48323fb324cfa8dc4fdda4bca7-160x111.jpg","width":160,"height":111,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_10_kj_0135_oroville_spillway_release_drone_custom-1c4d8c2890281e48323fb324cfa8dc4fdda4bca7-768x531.jpg","width":768,"height":531,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_10_kj_0135_oroville_spillway_release_drone_custom-1c4d8c2890281e48323fb324cfa8dc4fdda4bca7-1536x1063.jpg","width":1536,"height":1063,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"2048x2048":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_10_kj_0135_oroville_spillway_release_drone_custom-1c4d8c2890281e48323fb324cfa8dc4fdda4bca7-2048x1417.jpg","width":2048,"height":1417,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_10_kj_0135_oroville_spillway_release_drone_custom-1c4d8c2890281e48323fb324cfa8dc4fdda4bca7-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_10_kj_0135_oroville_spillway_release_drone_custom-1c4d8c2890281e48323fb324cfa8dc4fdda4bca7-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_10_kj_0135_oroville_spillway_release_drone_custom-1c4d8c2890281e48323fb324cfa8dc4fdda4bca7-1920x1329.jpg","width":1920,"height":1329,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_10_kj_0135_oroville_spillway_release_drone_custom-1c4d8c2890281e48323fb324cfa8dc4fdda4bca7.jpg","width":2500,"height":1730}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"science_1981242":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_1981242","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"1981242","found":true},"title":"Most reservoirs aren't allowed to fill up in the winter, but Folsom Reservoir outside of Sacramento, California is using a new strategy to save more water by using weather forecasts.","publishDate":1673477696,"status":"inherit","parent":1981241,"modified":1673487958,"caption":"Most reservoirs aren't allowed to fill up in the winter, but Folsom Reservoir outside Sacramento is using a new strategy to save more water by using weather forecasts.","credit":"Ken James/California Department of Water Resources","altTag":"Water flows down the Folsom Dam Auxiliary Spillway and from the Folsom Dam outlet works in El Dorado County, California on January 6, 2023. Water is being released from Folsom Dam in preparation for upcoming rain storms. Folsom Lake is part of the Central Valley Project, operated by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation. Ken James / California Department of Water Resources.","description":"Water flows down the Folsom Dam Auxiliary Spillway and from the Folsom Dam outlet works in El Dorado County, California on January 6, 2023. Water is being released from Folsom Dam in preparation for upcoming rain storms. Folsom Lake is part of the Central Valley Project, operated by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation.\n\nKen James / California Department of Water Resources.","imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0248_folsom_spillway_custom-87406d51a31dba445f3794ed95445d4196ff01af-800x496.jpg","width":800,"height":496,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0248_folsom_spillway_custom-87406d51a31dba445f3794ed95445d4196ff01af-1020x633.jpg","width":1020,"height":633,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0248_folsom_spillway_custom-87406d51a31dba445f3794ed95445d4196ff01af-160x99.jpg","width":160,"height":99,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0248_folsom_spillway_custom-87406d51a31dba445f3794ed95445d4196ff01af-768x476.jpg","width":768,"height":476,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0248_folsom_spillway_custom-87406d51a31dba445f3794ed95445d4196ff01af-1536x953.jpg","width":1536,"height":953,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"2048x2048":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0248_folsom_spillway_custom-87406d51a31dba445f3794ed95445d4196ff01af-2048x1271.jpg","width":2048,"height":1271,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0248_folsom_spillway_custom-87406d51a31dba445f3794ed95445d4196ff01af-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0248_folsom_spillway_custom-87406d51a31dba445f3794ed95445d4196ff01af-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0248_folsom_spillway_custom-87406d51a31dba445f3794ed95445d4196ff01af-1920x1191.jpg","width":1920,"height":1191,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0248_folsom_spillway_custom-87406d51a31dba445f3794ed95445d4196ff01af.jpg","width":2300,"height":1427}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"byline_science_1985560":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_science_1985560","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_science_1985560","name":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/1134404086/michael-copley\">Michael Copley\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/1119646476/julia-simon\">Julia Simon\u003c/a>, \u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/348779465/nathan-rott\">Nathan Rott\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/803934365/lauren-sommer\">Lauren Sommer\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/384067907/rebecca-hersher\">Rebecca Hersher\u003c/a>","isLoading":false},"byline_science_1983443":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_science_1983443","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_science_1983443","name":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/803934365/lauren-sommer\">Lauren Sommer\u003c/a>","isLoading":false},"byline_science_1982147":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_science_1982147","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_science_1982147","name":"\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/profile/emma-foehringer-merchant/\">Emma Foehringer Merchant\u003c/a>","isLoading":false},"byline_science_1981943":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_science_1981943","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_science_1981943","name":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/803934365/lauren-sommer\">Lauren Sommer\u003c/a>","isLoading":false},"byline_science_1981241":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_science_1981241","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_science_1981241","name":"Lauren Sommer\u003cbr> NPR","isLoading":false},"eromero":{"type":"authors","id":"11746","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11746","found":true},"name":"Ezra David Romero","firstName":"Ezra David","lastName":"Romero","slug":"eromero","email":"eromero@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["news","science"],"title":"Climate Reporter","bio":"Ezra David Romero is a climate reporter for KQED News. He covers the absence and excess of water in the Bay Area — think sea level rise, flooding and drought. For nearly a decade he’s covered how warming temperatures are altering the lives of Californians. He’s reported on farmers worried their pistachio trees aren’t getting enough sleep, families desperate for water, scientists studying dying giant sequoias, and alongside firefighters containing wildfires. His work has appeared on local stations across California and nationally on public radio shows like Morning Edition, Here and Now, All Things Considered and Science Friday. 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This year’s scarcity of Chinook salmon is tied to California’s last drought. The fish have a three-year lifecycle, so the returning fish were born when there wasn’t enough water to thrive. The issues threatening the species extend well beyond the recent dry years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We hope the decision gives the benefit to the fish so they can rebuild themselves and be available for fisheries in future years,” Ehlke said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s water management decisions have played a significant role in the species’ decline over the years — cutting off the fish from spawning grounds and decreasing the cold water the salmon need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984149/as-klamath-dams-come-down-a-once-in-a-generation-river-restoration-begins\">State leaders unveiled a blueprint to boost salmon populations\u003c/a> in January, including tearing down dams that block salmon from spawning grounds and restoring some river flows. However, scientists and environmental groups argue that the pace of the work is too slow and that some salmon runs may not exist by the time the state completes the projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘It comes down to water’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The closing of the salmon season will force Matt Juanes, who docks his green and white 36-foot-long boat, Plumeria, at San Francisco’s Fisherman’s Wharf, to diversify his income this year. Juanes said he will likely lose nearly half his income. “This year is going to be very difficult,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992315\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2024/04/10/californias-commercial-salmon-season-is-closed-again-this-year/230607-salmon-closures-02-ks_qut-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1992315\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992315 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/230607-salmon-closures-02-ks_qut-1.jpg\" alt=\"A man dressed in black jacket and a black beanie stands on a boat surrounded by orange and white boating supplies. The sky behind him is purple and pink\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1277\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/230607-salmon-closures-02-ks_qut-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/230607-salmon-closures-02-ks_qut-1-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/230607-salmon-closures-02-ks_qut-1-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/230607-salmon-closures-02-ks_qut-1-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/230607-salmon-closures-02-ks_qut-1-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/230607-salmon-closures-02-ks_qut-1-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Commercial salmon fisher Matt Juanes prepares to set sail at Pier 47 in San Francisco on June 7, 2023. With California’s salmon season shut down this year, Juanes is pivoting to fish for crab and using his boat to charter tourists. (Kori Suzuki/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He’s fished salmon for six years, and the numbers seem to dwindle each season, he said. The closure of the fishery was a gut punch, but he agreed that it was a necessary step for the species to rebound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’d rather see the fish go back up the river,” he said. “It comes down to water. If it had rained, we probably wouldn’t be in this predicament.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drought isn’t the only factor contributing to the demise of California’s salmon.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Robert Lusardi, UC Davis wetlands professor\"]‘That’s a beacon of hope for the future, but it has to happen at a faster rate. We need these habitats like yesterday.’[/pullquote]Also to blame is a \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/climate-change/epic-2022/impacts-vegetation-and-wildlife/chinook-salmon-abundance#:~:text=California%20Chinook%20salmon%20populations%20are,dramatically%20declined%20in%20recent%20years.\">warming and acidifying ocean\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1992122/toxic-dust-threatens-california-salmon-population-lawmaker-seeks-solution\">toxic dust from tires that kills the fish in hours\u003c/a>, dams blocking migration paths, managers diverting water flows for storage and climate-fueled storms complicating river systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With all these challenges, \u003ca href=\"https://caltrout.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/SOS-II-Fish-in-Hot-Water-Report.pdf\">the state could lose nearly half of its native salmon and trout species\u003c/a> within 50 years, according to a study co-authored by UC Davis professor Robert Lusardi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lusardi, who studies freshwater ecology and wetlands, said the closure of the salmon season is a direct result of humans’ alteration of the salmon habitat. Nearly 2 million salmon historically swam up rivers within the Central Valley. This year, Lusardi expects just over 200,000 to spawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we have left are small populations that I would argue are not diverse, which means they are incapable of acclimating to changing environments,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘We need these habitats like yesterday’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In January, \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2024/01/30/governor-newsom-launches-californias-salmon-strategy-for-a-hotter-drier-future/\">Gov. Gavin Newsom outlined his administration’s strategy to restore salmon populations\u003c/a> “amidst hotter and drier weather exacerbated by climate change.” The sprawling plan includes improving salmon migration pathways, tearing down dams that block fish from spawning, updating hatcheries and restoring flows in some waterways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California — alongside environmental groups, tribes and scientists — has started to restore floodplains where juvenile fish can grow into what conservationists call “\u003ca href=\"https://www.capradio.org/articles/2018/01/23/a-floating-fillet-rice-farmers-grow-bugs-to-help-restore-californias-salmon/\">floodplain fatties\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.capradio.org/articles/2018/01/23/a-floating-fillet-rice-farmers-grow-bugs-to-help-restore-californias-salmon/\">,\u003c/a>” a nickname for the well-fed salmon that feed off bugs in flooded areas. The state is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984149/as-klamath-dams-come-down-a-once-in-a-generation-river-restoration-begins\">removing four hydroelectric dams on the Klamath River partly so fish have more room to spawn\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a beacon of hope for the future, but it has to happen at a faster rate,” Lusardi said. “We need these habitats like yesterday.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State scientists, including Colin Purdy, environmental program manager for the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, are tasked with implementing the governor’s plan. They have a considerable feat ahead of them. While some of the actions outlined in the state’s new blueprint are already underway, Purdy said changing how fisheries operate “takes years of doing pilot studies to flesh out the details” before hatchery managers can reintroduce the fish into habitats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The sooner we can get started on that stuff, the better,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Golden State Salmon Association and other groups critiqued the governor’s plan. They argue that while it has some suitable components, California is also pursuing projects — a new reservoir and a 45-mile water tunnel beneath the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta to divert more water south — that could decrease the amount of cold water in rivers where salmon need to live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re being distracted by this smoke and mirrors scenario,” said Scott Artis, the association’s executive director. “If we don’t address the water diversions, we’re going to continue to see salmon numbers decline, and we’re going to continue to be in a situation where there are closures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Fishery managers announced a closure of the state’s commercial salmon fishing season for the second year in a row due to low fish populations.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1712857008,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":1066},"headData":{"title":"California’s Commercial Salmon Season Is Closed Again This Year | KQED","description":"Fishery managers announced a closure of the state’s commercial salmon fishing season for the second year in a row due to low fish populations.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Salmon","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1992309/californias-commercial-salmon-season-is-closed-again-this-year","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Not enough salmon will swim up the state’s rivers to spawn this year to make a commercial salmon season viable, the Pacific Fishery Management Council announced late Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The number of fish that could be available for harvest was so small there was risk that we wouldn’t be able to conduct a fishery and stay within our limitations,” Robin Ehlke, a staff officer with the Salmon and Pacific Halibut Pacific Fishery Management Council, told KQED. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘I’d rather see the fish go back up the river.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Matt Juanes, Bay Area fisher","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the second year in a row that the council voted to close the season, which hundreds of commercial fishers and tribes rely on for their livelihoods and food supplies. This year’s scarcity of Chinook salmon is tied to California’s last drought. The fish have a three-year lifecycle, so the returning fish were born when there wasn’t enough water to thrive. The issues threatening the species extend well beyond the recent dry years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We hope the decision gives the benefit to the fish so they can rebuild themselves and be available for fisheries in future years,” Ehlke said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s water management decisions have played a significant role in the species’ decline over the years — cutting off the fish from spawning grounds and decreasing the cold water the salmon need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984149/as-klamath-dams-come-down-a-once-in-a-generation-river-restoration-begins\">State leaders unveiled a blueprint to boost salmon populations\u003c/a> in January, including tearing down dams that block salmon from spawning grounds and restoring some river flows. However, scientists and environmental groups argue that the pace of the work is too slow and that some salmon runs may not exist by the time the state completes the projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘It comes down to water’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The closing of the salmon season will force Matt Juanes, who docks his green and white 36-foot-long boat, Plumeria, at San Francisco’s Fisherman’s Wharf, to diversify his income this year. Juanes said he will likely lose nearly half his income. “This year is going to be very difficult,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992315\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2024/04/10/californias-commercial-salmon-season-is-closed-again-this-year/230607-salmon-closures-02-ks_qut-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1992315\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992315 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/230607-salmon-closures-02-ks_qut-1.jpg\" alt=\"A man dressed in black jacket and a black beanie stands on a boat surrounded by orange and white boating supplies. The sky behind him is purple and pink\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1277\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/230607-salmon-closures-02-ks_qut-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/230607-salmon-closures-02-ks_qut-1-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/230607-salmon-closures-02-ks_qut-1-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/230607-salmon-closures-02-ks_qut-1-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/230607-salmon-closures-02-ks_qut-1-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/230607-salmon-closures-02-ks_qut-1-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Commercial salmon fisher Matt Juanes prepares to set sail at Pier 47 in San Francisco on June 7, 2023. With California’s salmon season shut down this year, Juanes is pivoting to fish for crab and using his boat to charter tourists. (Kori Suzuki/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He’s fished salmon for six years, and the numbers seem to dwindle each season, he said. The closure of the fishery was a gut punch, but he agreed that it was a necessary step for the species to rebound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’d rather see the fish go back up the river,” he said. “It comes down to water. If it had rained, we probably wouldn’t be in this predicament.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drought isn’t the only factor contributing to the demise of California’s salmon.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘That’s a beacon of hope for the future, but it has to happen at a faster rate. We need these habitats like yesterday.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Robert Lusardi, UC Davis wetlands professor","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Also to blame is a \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/climate-change/epic-2022/impacts-vegetation-and-wildlife/chinook-salmon-abundance#:~:text=California%20Chinook%20salmon%20populations%20are,dramatically%20declined%20in%20recent%20years.\">warming and acidifying ocean\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1992122/toxic-dust-threatens-california-salmon-population-lawmaker-seeks-solution\">toxic dust from tires that kills the fish in hours\u003c/a>, dams blocking migration paths, managers diverting water flows for storage and climate-fueled storms complicating river systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With all these challenges, \u003ca href=\"https://caltrout.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/SOS-II-Fish-in-Hot-Water-Report.pdf\">the state could lose nearly half of its native salmon and trout species\u003c/a> within 50 years, according to a study co-authored by UC Davis professor Robert Lusardi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lusardi, who studies freshwater ecology and wetlands, said the closure of the salmon season is a direct result of humans’ alteration of the salmon habitat. Nearly 2 million salmon historically swam up rivers within the Central Valley. This year, Lusardi expects just over 200,000 to spawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we have left are small populations that I would argue are not diverse, which means they are incapable of acclimating to changing environments,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘We need these habitats like yesterday’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In January, \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2024/01/30/governor-newsom-launches-californias-salmon-strategy-for-a-hotter-drier-future/\">Gov. Gavin Newsom outlined his administration’s strategy to restore salmon populations\u003c/a> “amidst hotter and drier weather exacerbated by climate change.” The sprawling plan includes improving salmon migration pathways, tearing down dams that block fish from spawning, updating hatcheries and restoring flows in some waterways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California — alongside environmental groups, tribes and scientists — has started to restore floodplains where juvenile fish can grow into what conservationists call “\u003ca href=\"https://www.capradio.org/articles/2018/01/23/a-floating-fillet-rice-farmers-grow-bugs-to-help-restore-californias-salmon/\">floodplain fatties\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.capradio.org/articles/2018/01/23/a-floating-fillet-rice-farmers-grow-bugs-to-help-restore-californias-salmon/\">,\u003c/a>” a nickname for the well-fed salmon that feed off bugs in flooded areas. The state is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984149/as-klamath-dams-come-down-a-once-in-a-generation-river-restoration-begins\">removing four hydroelectric dams on the Klamath River partly so fish have more room to spawn\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a beacon of hope for the future, but it has to happen at a faster rate,” Lusardi said. “We need these habitats like yesterday.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State scientists, including Colin Purdy, environmental program manager for the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, are tasked with implementing the governor’s plan. They have a considerable feat ahead of them. While some of the actions outlined in the state’s new blueprint are already underway, Purdy said changing how fisheries operate “takes years of doing pilot studies to flesh out the details” before hatchery managers can reintroduce the fish into habitats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The sooner we can get started on that stuff, the better,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Golden State Salmon Association and other groups critiqued the governor’s plan. They argue that while it has some suitable components, California is also pursuing projects — a new reservoir and a 45-mile water tunnel beneath the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta to divert more water south — that could decrease the amount of cold water in rivers where salmon need to live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re being distracted by this smoke and mirrors scenario,” said Scott Artis, the association’s executive director. “If we don’t address the water diversions, we’re going to continue to see salmon numbers decline, and we’re going to continue to be in a situation where there are closures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1992309/californias-commercial-salmon-season-is-closed-again-this-year","authors":["11746"],"categories":["science_2874","science_31","science_35","science_36","science_4550","science_40","science_2873","science_4450","science_98"],"tags":["science_572","science_4417","science_4414","science_804"],"featImg":"science_1992343","label":"source_science_1992309"},"science_1991522":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1991522","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1991522","score":null,"sort":[1708646831000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"februarys-storms-doubled-california-snowpack-march-could-bring-more-wet-weather","title":"February's Storms Doubled California Snowpack, March Could Bring More Wet Weather","publishDate":1708646831,"format":"standard","headTitle":"February’s Storms Doubled California Snowpack, March Could Bring More Wet Weather | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>At the start of the year, the California snowpack sat at an abysmal 25% of average, but after a series of storms, the Sierra is glittering white — over the last week, storms added up to 4 feet of snow to the range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were in pretty, pretty bad circumstances earlier this year, and we’ve come a long way,” said Andrew Schwartz, lead scientist with the UC Berkeley Central Sierra Snow Lab. “We’ve kind of clawed our way back into being a decent year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, the snowpack is now \u003ca href=\"https://cdec.water.ca.gov/snowapp/sweq.action\">86% of normal for this time of year. And 70% of the April 1 average\u003c/a>, which is the end of the water year and the typical height of the state’s frozen reservoir. Storms over the last month more than doubled the size of the snowpack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSSacramento/status/1760404780353196466?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At his lab north of Lake Tahoe, over the past week, more than 3 1/2 feet of snow fell during three February storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/UCB_CSSL/status/1760343198524912012?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Chasing average\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>All of these storms — and more potentially on their way in March — put California in a good position to have an average water year. The last time that happened was 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s exceedingly rare that we ever really hit average in California,” he said. “To be around average is kind of nice for once because we’re not worrying about our water resources and our water allocations. But we’re also not worrying so much about [so much] snow that roofs collapse and businesses shut down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An average water year can be good for ski resorts like Palisades Tahoe. Big storms can prevent people from accessing resorts, like last winter when 46 atmospheric rivers landed over the West Coast and 32 pummeled Northern California. The storms lifted most of the state from drought conditions, and the sheer volume of water caused catastrophic flooding, bursting levees and reawakening a ghost in the form of Tulare Lake, which had been dry earth in the San Joaquin Valley for over a century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is such a thing as too much snow, where the resort can’t even open sometimes because there is that much snow,” said Patrick Lacey, public relations manager for the resort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said this month’s storms piled snow on the mountains around the resort without overwhelming it and nearby communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has really helped out with our snow totals,” Lacey said. “We are currently sitting at 225 inches for the season. Obviously, that’s not last year’s numbers, but we’re sitting pretty right now, especially in February.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lacey said the additional 3 1/2 feet of snow arrived just in time for the \u003ca href=\"https://usskiandsnowboard.org/events/stifel-palisades-tahoe-cup\">Stifel Palisades Tahoe Cup\u003c/a> this weekend, where more than a hundred athletes from 28 countries will compete. The ski competition is part of the Audi FIS Ski World Cup circuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s skiing really good out there,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The future is looking average — and snowy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The next potential for rain and snow is early next week, which UC Berkeley’s Schwartz said may help the state to finally climb out of the “deficit we incurred early in the year” with a dry start to the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s still far out to make promises, but it looks like it will be a stormy start to March, which should further help us out,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katrina Hand, a National Weather Service Meteorologist in Sacramento, said the agency expects another storm system to move over the Sierra early next week. While the storm may not be as strong as the last several, it could still create travel issues along mountain passes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Looking at the current forecast, we do have anywhere from a few inches locally up to a foot in terms of the total snow over that time frame,” she said. “It is still a few days away, so we are fine-tuning those details. But at the very least, I would encourage people to plan for some wintry weather over that late Sunday through Tuesday time frame in the Sierra.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSCPC/status/1760402440598216833\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the recent snow is great, Michael Anderson, the state’s official climatologist, said the storms did not evenly distribute snow across the Sierra. The Northern Sierra is aglow in white; the Central and Southern Sierra received less snow and may stay that way if storms shift north as spring gets closer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t mean there won’t still be that opportunity in March for those storms to sag a little bit further south, but we are starting to see that seasonal progression that [typically] moves the storms back north,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Anderson said reservoir levels are in good shape at 118% of the historical average but could benefit from a more extensive snowpack. The California Department of Water Resources reports storms from the start of January to Feb. 20 have provided enough water to supply 4.8 million people or 1.5 million households with water for an entire year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Michael Anderson, state climatologist, California Department of Water Resources\"]‘Right now, we’re looking at a fairly strong start to March potentially with these storms, [which could] get us that last bit of water we need to get us to a good spot.’[/pullquote]“Because we had such a big water year last year, it does dent that impact,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NWS Climate Prediction Center suggests that moderate to heavy rain and snow could be in the forecast for late February into early March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, we’re looking at a fairly strong start to March potentially with these storms, [which could] get us that last bit of water we need to get us to a good spot,” Anderson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson said El Niño will likely dissipate in spring, and the possibility of a La Niña year follows. A La Niña year can mean dry conditions, especially in Southern California, but it doesn’t always — as California learned last winter when storm after storm drenched the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to pay real close attention to that and look and see what the seasonal forecasters can tell us, but right now, we have to be ready for anything,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Climate change imprints even an average year\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For the most part, this year’s storms have not been extreme or even close to the flooding scenarios scientists predict California will experience in a warming world. But Lawrence Berkeley National Lab atmospheric scientist Alan Rhoades said a series of false starts the state experienced over the past few years — where meteorological conditions delayed the rainy season — is due, in part, to the changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"science_1985965,science_1991290,science_1983097\"]Rhoades notes that the atmospheric rivers hovered over California over the last few years, resulting in lots of rain and snow all at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re getting a lot of the rain, but then maybe not always getting the average kind of water year totals you would expect,” he said. “Our future might be more of a whiplash between drys and wets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhoades said it’s also important to remember that there’s another threat to the snowpack partly caused by anthropogenic climate change. Even if the snowpack grows, just one heat wave could melt a large portion. The state relies on its snowpack to supply a vast agricultural industry and millions of Californians with water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recalled a 2021 heat wave in the Pacific Northwest that \u003ca href=\"https://www.seattlepi.com/weather/article/mount-rainier-snow-melt-off-heat-wave-16340241.php\">melted 30% of the Mount Rainier in about a week\u003c/a>. Last April, climate scientists warned the public that a heat wave could trigger rapid snowmelt, causing flooding in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said there’s strong evidence that human-caused climate change has decreased snowpacks throughout the Western United States for the last 50 to 70 years. He said that is partly due to more snow falling as rain during storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We might have these average years like we’re experiencing in California, but heading into the future, there’s just going to be less opportunity,” he said. “Warming amplifies that natural cycle that we already experience in extremes that we get, and then concentrates storms that we do get into a select number of months in the mid-winter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The recent storms have more than doubled the California snowpack, and meteorologists forecast that March could be a wet month. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1708648855,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":33,"wordCount":1477},"headData":{"title":"February's Storms Doubled California Snowpack, March Could Bring More Wet Weather | KQED","description":"The recent storms have more than doubled the California snowpack, and meteorologists forecast that March could be a wet month. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1991522/februarys-storms-doubled-california-snowpack-march-could-bring-more-wet-weather","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At the start of the year, the California snowpack sat at an abysmal 25% of average, but after a series of storms, the Sierra is glittering white — over the last week, storms added up to 4 feet of snow to the range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were in pretty, pretty bad circumstances earlier this year, and we’ve come a long way,” said Andrew Schwartz, lead scientist with the UC Berkeley Central Sierra Snow Lab. “We’ve kind of clawed our way back into being a decent year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, the snowpack is now \u003ca href=\"https://cdec.water.ca.gov/snowapp/sweq.action\">86% of normal for this time of year. And 70% of the April 1 average\u003c/a>, which is the end of the water year and the typical height of the state’s frozen reservoir. Storms over the last month more than doubled the size of the snowpack.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1760404780353196466"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>At his lab north of Lake Tahoe, over the past week, more than 3 1/2 feet of snow fell during three February storms.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1760343198524912012"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003ch2>Chasing average\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>All of these storms — and more potentially on their way in March — put California in a good position to have an average water year. The last time that happened was 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s exceedingly rare that we ever really hit average in California,” he said. “To be around average is kind of nice for once because we’re not worrying about our water resources and our water allocations. But we’re also not worrying so much about [so much] snow that roofs collapse and businesses shut down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An average water year can be good for ski resorts like Palisades Tahoe. Big storms can prevent people from accessing resorts, like last winter when 46 atmospheric rivers landed over the West Coast and 32 pummeled Northern California. The storms lifted most of the state from drought conditions, and the sheer volume of water caused catastrophic flooding, bursting levees and reawakening a ghost in the form of Tulare Lake, which had been dry earth in the San Joaquin Valley for over a century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is such a thing as too much snow, where the resort can’t even open sometimes because there is that much snow,” said Patrick Lacey, public relations manager for the resort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said this month’s storms piled snow on the mountains around the resort without overwhelming it and nearby communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has really helped out with our snow totals,” Lacey said. “We are currently sitting at 225 inches for the season. Obviously, that’s not last year’s numbers, but we’re sitting pretty right now, especially in February.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lacey said the additional 3 1/2 feet of snow arrived just in time for the \u003ca href=\"https://usskiandsnowboard.org/events/stifel-palisades-tahoe-cup\">Stifel Palisades Tahoe Cup\u003c/a> this weekend, where more than a hundred athletes from 28 countries will compete. The ski competition is part of the Audi FIS Ski World Cup circuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s skiing really good out there,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The future is looking average — and snowy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The next potential for rain and snow is early next week, which UC Berkeley’s Schwartz said may help the state to finally climb out of the “deficit we incurred early in the year” with a dry start to the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s still far out to make promises, but it looks like it will be a stormy start to March, which should further help us out,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katrina Hand, a National Weather Service Meteorologist in Sacramento, said the agency expects another storm system to move over the Sierra early next week. While the storm may not be as strong as the last several, it could still create travel issues along mountain passes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Looking at the current forecast, we do have anywhere from a few inches locally up to a foot in terms of the total snow over that time frame,” she said. “It is still a few days away, so we are fine-tuning those details. But at the very least, I would encourage people to plan for some wintry weather over that late Sunday through Tuesday time frame in the Sierra.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1760402440598216833"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>While the recent snow is great, Michael Anderson, the state’s official climatologist, said the storms did not evenly distribute snow across the Sierra. The Northern Sierra is aglow in white; the Central and Southern Sierra received less snow and may stay that way if storms shift north as spring gets closer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t mean there won’t still be that opportunity in March for those storms to sag a little bit further south, but we are starting to see that seasonal progression that [typically] moves the storms back north,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Anderson said reservoir levels are in good shape at 118% of the historical average but could benefit from a more extensive snowpack. The California Department of Water Resources reports storms from the start of January to Feb. 20 have provided enough water to supply 4.8 million people or 1.5 million households with water for an entire year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Right now, we’re looking at a fairly strong start to March potentially with these storms, [which could] get us that last bit of water we need to get us to a good spot.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Michael Anderson, state climatologist, California Department of Water Resources","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Because we had such a big water year last year, it does dent that impact,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NWS Climate Prediction Center suggests that moderate to heavy rain and snow could be in the forecast for late February into early March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, we’re looking at a fairly strong start to March potentially with these storms, [which could] get us that last bit of water we need to get us to a good spot,” Anderson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson said El Niño will likely dissipate in spring, and the possibility of a La Niña year follows. A La Niña year can mean dry conditions, especially in Southern California, but it doesn’t always — as California learned last winter when storm after storm drenched the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to pay real close attention to that and look and see what the seasonal forecasters can tell us, but right now, we have to be ready for anything,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Climate change imprints even an average year\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For the most part, this year’s storms have not been extreme or even close to the flooding scenarios scientists predict California will experience in a warming world. But Lawrence Berkeley National Lab atmospheric scientist Alan Rhoades said a series of false starts the state experienced over the past few years — where meteorological conditions delayed the rainy season — is due, in part, to the changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"science_1985965,science_1991290,science_1983097"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Rhoades notes that the atmospheric rivers hovered over California over the last few years, resulting in lots of rain and snow all at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re getting a lot of the rain, but then maybe not always getting the average kind of water year totals you would expect,” he said. “Our future might be more of a whiplash between drys and wets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhoades said it’s also important to remember that there’s another threat to the snowpack partly caused by anthropogenic climate change. Even if the snowpack grows, just one heat wave could melt a large portion. The state relies on its snowpack to supply a vast agricultural industry and millions of Californians with water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recalled a 2021 heat wave in the Pacific Northwest that \u003ca href=\"https://www.seattlepi.com/weather/article/mount-rainier-snow-melt-off-heat-wave-16340241.php\">melted 30% of the Mount Rainier in about a week\u003c/a>. Last April, climate scientists warned the public that a heat wave could trigger rapid snowmelt, causing flooding in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said there’s strong evidence that human-caused climate change has decreased snowpacks throughout the Western United States for the last 50 to 70 years. He said that is partly due to more snow falling as rain during storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We might have these average years like we’re experiencing in California, but heading into the future, there’s just going to be less opportunity,” he said. “Warming amplifies that natural cycle that we already experience in extremes that we get, and then concentrates storms that we do get into a select number of months in the mid-winter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1991522/februarys-storms-doubled-california-snowpack-march-could-bring-more-wet-weather","authors":["11746"],"categories":["science_4450"],"tags":["science_572","science_4417","science_4414","science_1127","science_2878","science_201"],"featImg":"science_1991524","label":"science"},"science_1985965":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1985965","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1985965","score":null,"sort":[1704240037000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californias-snowpack-at-record-lows-one-quarter-of-normal-in-first-measurement-of-year","title":"California's Snowpack at Record Lows, One-Quarter of Normal in First Measurement of Year","publishDate":1704240037,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California’s Snowpack at Record Lows, One-Quarter of Normal in First Measurement of Year | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Standing on a patch of snow near Lake Tahoe, Sean de Guzman, manager of the state’s Snow Surveys and Water Supply Forecasting section, pierced the snow with a metal tube to detect how much snow was on Tuesday’s ground. He then added the number to \u003ca href=\"https://cdec.water.ca.gov/snowapp/sweq.action\">a statewide database of snow measurements\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bad news? He found the snowpack across the entire Sierra Nevada is just one-quarter of normal. One year ago, he stood on about five feet of snow here \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1982147/california-snowpack-may-hold-record-amount-of-water-with-significant-flooding-possible\">when the snowpack was at 177% of normal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today’s result shows that it’s really still too early to determine what kind of year we’ll have in terms of wet or dry,” de Guzman said. “Luckily, our statewide reservoirs are still well above average this time of year, thanks partly to how wet it was last year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other good news is that meteorologists expect a winter storm to pile up more than a foot of snow on the Sierra Nevada tonight and tomorrow morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A cold front is coming in, so the storm is gonna be a little bit colder and snow elevations lower,” de Guzman said. That’ll add snow to the pack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/UCB_CSSL/status/1742250438123225550?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these initial measurement numbers, the Climate Prediction Center’s seasonal outlook for January, February and March still shows an increased chance of above-normal precipitation and snow, partly because this year is an El Niño year. With that climate pattern in mind, there is a possibility that storm after storm could batter the state, ultimately building up the snowpack to record levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, California’s preparing for both extreme conditions, either extremely dry or extremely wet conditions,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSSacramento/status/1742278337001828862?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, not all El Niño years guarantee a wet winter because they “span the gap from dry years to wet years. So by itself, El Niño’s really not a good predictor of the water year,” state climatologist Michael Anderson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, UCLA climate scientist Daniel Swain said a warm December led to “an absolutely abysmal snowpack.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What this means, as of today, is that the snowpack is at or below all-time record low numbers for the beginning of January,” he said. “I know that it is pretty alarming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said there is a possibility of a sequence of three to five storms in the near future that could help build the snowpack, but he said there may be snow drought conditions this winter in part because of warmer temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t necessarily think this is going to be a good snow year,” he said. “In fact, it might end up being a pretty bad snow year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When looking back to 1978, UC Berkeley Central Sierra Snow Lab’s Andrew Schwartz said snowfall in California is declining about every month and rainfall is increasing. Those warmer temperatures and decreasing snowfall could complicate how the state stores water for the rest of the year. The snowpack is considered a frozen reservoir that slowly melts into rivers, streams and reservoirs, but if too much snow comes as rain instead, it could overwhelm reservoirs and may complicate water storage for drier times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This really shows us that our snow season is getting shorter,” he said. “We’re going to have to plan for shorter periods of snowpack and the complications that may bring with our management of water resources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985949\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/240102-snow-survey-dwr-fg-02-kqed/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985949\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240102-SNOW-SURVEY-DWR-FG-02-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"An open field with patches of snow and bare grass.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240102-SNOW-SURVEY-DWR-FG-02-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240102-SNOW-SURVEY-DWR-FG-02-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240102-SNOW-SURVEY-DWR-FG-02-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240102-SNOW-SURVEY-DWR-FG-02-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240102-SNOW-SURVEY-DWR-FG-02-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240102-SNOW-SURVEY-DWR-FG-02-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240102-SNOW-SURVEY-DWR-FG-02-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">So far, the snow levels are lacking depth, with a number of bare spots in the meadow where the California Department of Water Resources conducted its first snow survey of the 2024 season. \u003ccite>(Andrew Nixon/California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, up to an inch of rain could fall in the first storm this week, said National Weather Service meteorologist Dylan Flynn. He expects wind gusts of up to 30 miles per hour and a slight chance of thunderstorms overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1742293541580415215?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the storm is not a slow-moving storm riding an atmospheric river, which can dump rain, creating flooding issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just beneficial rain to help our rainfall totals for the year, but we don’t really have a big flooding threat,” he said\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flynn forecasts two storm systems Friday and Saturday but said they will likely produce even less rain than today’s storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But looking ahead over the next two weeks, that kind of trend is going to continue, where every three days or five days or so, there’s going to be another system that comes through and gives a good amount of rain,” he said. “But there’s nothing that looks like a major, major rain producer like we saw this time last year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Storms this week could add to the snowpack, but climate experts are concerned over the year’s shaky start.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704845785,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":851},"headData":{"title":"California's Snowpack at Record Lows, One-Quarter of Normal in First Measurement of Year | KQED","description":"Storms this week could add to the snowpack, but climate experts are concerned over the year’s shaky start.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1985965/californias-snowpack-at-record-lows-one-quarter-of-normal-in-first-measurement-of-year","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Standing on a patch of snow near Lake Tahoe, Sean de Guzman, manager of the state’s Snow Surveys and Water Supply Forecasting section, pierced the snow with a metal tube to detect how much snow was on Tuesday’s ground. He then added the number to \u003ca href=\"https://cdec.water.ca.gov/snowapp/sweq.action\">a statewide database of snow measurements\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bad news? He found the snowpack across the entire Sierra Nevada is just one-quarter of normal. One year ago, he stood on about five feet of snow here \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1982147/california-snowpack-may-hold-record-amount-of-water-with-significant-flooding-possible\">when the snowpack was at 177% of normal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today’s result shows that it’s really still too early to determine what kind of year we’ll have in terms of wet or dry,” de Guzman said. “Luckily, our statewide reservoirs are still well above average this time of year, thanks partly to how wet it was last year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other good news is that meteorologists expect a winter storm to pile up more than a foot of snow on the Sierra Nevada tonight and tomorrow morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A cold front is coming in, so the storm is gonna be a little bit colder and snow elevations lower,” de Guzman said. That’ll add snow to the pack.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1742250438123225550"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Despite these initial measurement numbers, the Climate Prediction Center’s seasonal outlook for January, February and March still shows an increased chance of above-normal precipitation and snow, partly because this year is an El Niño year. With that climate pattern in mind, there is a possibility that storm after storm could batter the state, ultimately building up the snowpack to record levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, California’s preparing for both extreme conditions, either extremely dry or extremely wet conditions,” he said.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1742278337001828862"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>However, not all El Niño years guarantee a wet winter because they “span the gap from dry years to wet years. So by itself, El Niño’s really not a good predictor of the water year,” state climatologist Michael Anderson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, UCLA climate scientist Daniel Swain said a warm December led to “an absolutely abysmal snowpack.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What this means, as of today, is that the snowpack is at or below all-time record low numbers for the beginning of January,” he said. “I know that it is pretty alarming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said there is a possibility of a sequence of three to five storms in the near future that could help build the snowpack, but he said there may be snow drought conditions this winter in part because of warmer temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t necessarily think this is going to be a good snow year,” he said. “In fact, it might end up being a pretty bad snow year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When looking back to 1978, UC Berkeley Central Sierra Snow Lab’s Andrew Schwartz said snowfall in California is declining about every month and rainfall is increasing. Those warmer temperatures and decreasing snowfall could complicate how the state stores water for the rest of the year. The snowpack is considered a frozen reservoir that slowly melts into rivers, streams and reservoirs, but if too much snow comes as rain instead, it could overwhelm reservoirs and may complicate water storage for drier times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This really shows us that our snow season is getting shorter,” he said. “We’re going to have to plan for shorter periods of snowpack and the complications that may bring with our management of water resources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985949\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/240102-snow-survey-dwr-fg-02-kqed/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985949\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240102-SNOW-SURVEY-DWR-FG-02-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"An open field with patches of snow and bare grass.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240102-SNOW-SURVEY-DWR-FG-02-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240102-SNOW-SURVEY-DWR-FG-02-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240102-SNOW-SURVEY-DWR-FG-02-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240102-SNOW-SURVEY-DWR-FG-02-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240102-SNOW-SURVEY-DWR-FG-02-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240102-SNOW-SURVEY-DWR-FG-02-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/240102-SNOW-SURVEY-DWR-FG-02-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">So far, the snow levels are lacking depth, with a number of bare spots in the meadow where the California Department of Water Resources conducted its first snow survey of the 2024 season. \u003ccite>(Andrew Nixon/California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, up to an inch of rain could fall in the first storm this week, said National Weather Service meteorologist Dylan Flynn. He expects wind gusts of up to 30 miles per hour and a slight chance of thunderstorms overnight.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1742293541580415215"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>However, the storm is not a slow-moving storm riding an atmospheric river, which can dump rain, creating flooding issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just beneficial rain to help our rainfall totals for the year, but we don’t really have a big flooding threat,” he said\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flynn forecasts two storm systems Friday and Saturday but said they will likely produce even less rain than today’s storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But looking ahead over the next two weeks, that kind of trend is going to continue, where every three days or five days or so, there’s going to be another system that comes through and gives a good amount of rain,” he said. “But there’s nothing that looks like a major, major rain producer like we saw this time last year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1985965/californias-snowpack-at-record-lows-one-quarter-of-normal-in-first-measurement-of-year","authors":["11746"],"categories":["science_31","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_572","science_371","science_1127"],"featImg":"science_1985951","label":"science"},"science_1985560":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1985560","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1985560","score":null,"sort":[1701115474000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"faq-annual-climate-negotiations-are-about-to-start-do-they-matter","title":"Annual Climate Negotiations Are About To Start. Do They Matter?","publishDate":1701115474,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Annual Climate Negotiations Are About To Start. Do They Matter? | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>A major annual international climate meeting kicks off later this week in Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>World leaders are meeting from Nov. 30 to Dec. 12 to discuss the effects of climate change, efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and the increasingly pressing question of who will pay for the costs of a hotter planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attendance at the annual negotiations \u003ca href=\"https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/parties-non-party-stakeholders/non-party-stakeholders/statistics-on-non-party-stakeholders/statistics-on-participation-and-in-session-engagement\">has ballooned\u003c/a> and hit an \u003ca href=\"https://unfccc.int/news/cop27-reaches-breakthrough-agreement-on-new-loss-and-damage-fund-for-vulnerable-countries#:~:text=COP27%20brought%20together%20more%20than,how%20it%20impacts%20their%20lives.\">estimated 45,000 people\u003c/a> last year. Thousands of climate scientists, mayors, activists, corporate executives, and representatives of major oil companies will also fly to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/12/1148810078/the-uae-names-the-head-of-its-main-state-oil-company-to-lead-cop28\">petroleum-dependent host country\u003c/a> to attend hundreds of side events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The meeting comes at the close of the hottest year ever recorded on Earth. Extreme weather is killing people around the world. And while it’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/30/1208241783/its-unlikely-but-not-impossible-to-limit-global-warming-to-1-5-celsius-study-fin\">still possible\u003c/a> for humans to avoid catastrophic climate change effects — such as mass extinctions and runaway sea level rise by the end of this century — it is only possible if greenhouse gas pollution falls dramatically and immediately, scientists warn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, a fight is brewing over whether the countries most responsible for causing climate change will \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/07/1133270753/climate-change-loss-damage-cop27\">follow through on promises\u003c/a> to help the most vulnerable countries \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/08/1053669015/who-pays-for-climate-change\">foot the bill\u003c/a> for adapting to a hotter world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what you need to know about what’s at stake and what to expect.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why is this meeting happening and what is it supposed to achieve?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This meeting happens every year and is arranged by the branch of the United Nations that handles global negotiations about climate change. In U.N.-speak, the climate meeting is called the Conference of the Parties, or COP. This is the 28th Conference of the Parties, so it’s called COP28.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of the 2015 COP meeting, world leaders signed the landmark Paris Climate Agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Paris Agreement requires virtually every country on Earth to pledge how much they’ll cut planet-warming pollution and update those plans every few years. The goal is to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius compared to temperatures in the late 1800s, and ideally no more than 1.5 degrees Celsius.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, world leaders are required to review humanity’s collective progress toward that goal. And the situation is not good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A U.N. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/20/1213207121/this-is-how-far-behind-the-world-is-on-controlling-planet-warming-pollution\">analysis released this month\u003c/a> found that global greenhouse gas emissions are still rising, and the planet is on track for at least 2.5 degrees Celsius of warming by the end of the century. And while it’s still possible to stay below 2 degrees of warming — and every tenth of a degree of warming the world avoids will save lives — scientists warn that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/30/1208241783/its-unlikely-but-not-impossible-to-limit-global-warming-to-1-5-celsius-study-fin\">1.5-degree target is slipping away\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>These meetings have been happening for 30 years, and it feels like climate change is only getting worse. Do they really matter?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Last year’s COP27 meeting in Egypt ended with a watered-down agreement that left out language calling for a phaseout of all fossil fuels — the biggest driver of global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The summits have become a circus, “with the petrostates as the ringmasters” and everyone else as “the clowns,” Sandrine Dixson-Declève \u003ca href=\"https://www.clubofrome.org/blog-post/decleve-cop27/\">wrote last year\u003c/a>, as co-president of The Club of Rome, a nonprofit in Switzerland that works on climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem, Dixson-Declève told NPR, is combining international negotiations with a trade show. The number of lobbyists who attend the events has soared, she says, and civil society groups struggle to afford the cost of reserving pavilion space in the COP conference hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some are actually given easier access than others because they can pay for it. And that means that those that have pavilions might be able to invite certain governments to come and have a conversation,” Dixson-Declève says. “It may not seem like direct lobbying, but it is potentially indirect lobbying, depending on where the conversation goes. So I think it’s incredibly important that we take into consideration this aspect, which has created a very unfair playing field.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the COP meetings remain crucial events for activists and poor countries hit hardest by climate-fueled disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the big values of the U.N. process, actually, is that everybody’s at the table,” says David Waskow, director of the International Climate Initiative at the World Resources Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The meetings are not “a panacea,” Waskow adds, but they “give us a sense of the direction we need to travel in and also can be a catalyst.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rishikesh Ram Bhandary, assistant director of the Global Economic Governance Initiative at Boston University, says he understands the public’s frustration with the climate talks. Part of it seems to stem from a mismatch between the U.N.’s multilateral process, which ensures every country has a say but often delivers incremental progress, and the urgency people feel as the impacts of climate change get worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That tension has only grown as the United Arab Emirates, a big oil producer, prepares to host this year’s meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given its knowledge of oil and gas, the UAE has a chance to chart a practical but ambitious path to move the world off of fossil fuels, Dixson-Declève says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That would be the perfect scenario,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the world seems to be moving in the opposite direction. António Guterres, the U.N. secretary-general, \u003ca href=\"https://productiongap.org/unsg-message-2023/\">said earlier in November\u003c/a> that governments “are literally doubling down on fossil fuel production.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/co2-cop28-20231120/?initialWidth=953&childId=responsive-embed-co2-cop28-20231120&parentTitle=Everything%20you%20need%20to%20know%20about%20the%20COP28%20climate%20change%20meeting%20%3A%20NPR&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2023%2F11%2F27%2F1209676382%2Fcop28-climate-change-conference-faq\" width=\"1000\" height=\"620\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What will be a contentious topic at these talks?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One of the biggest debates will be the overcompensation that wealthier countries could pay to nations hardest hit by climate change. It’s known as “loss and damage.” Lower-income countries bear the brunt of climate impacts, such as floods, fires and drought that cause billions of dollars in destruction. But they have contributed little to the planetary warming driving those disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Countries like the U.S. and those in Europe built their wealth through fossil fuel use and are responsible for most of the heat-trapping emissions in the atmosphere today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, developing nations have argued that they’re owed for the damage caused by climate change. Loss and damage funding could be used to prepare for future impacts, like building infrastructure or \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/07/1133270753/climate-change-loss-damage-cop27\">relocating communities\u003c/a>, as well as compensating them for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/07/1133270753/climate-change-loss-damage-cop27\">irreplaceable cultural resources\u003c/a> that have been lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the 2022 climate summit, countries \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/20/1137349916/did-the-world-make-progress-on-climate-change-heres-what-was-decided-at-global-t\">made a historic agreement\u003c/a> to create a fund, especially for that purpose. Since then, negotiations have been bumpy. Countries have argued about which nations should pay into the fund, which should be eligible to receive funding, and where the fund is housed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/climate-change-cop28-loss-damage-fund-abu-dhabi-bd4969f1b23254a7311d1ad4f4289d9b\">the plan is\u003c/a> for the World Bank to house the “loss and damage” fund temporarily. But global leaders would need to sign off on that plan at the COP28 talks. And some developing countries are concerned about the plan because it only urges, not requires, richer countries to contribute funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985562\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985562\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Rescuers remove mud and debris as they search for people feared trapped after a landslide near a temple on the outskirts of Shimla, Himachal Pradesh state, Aug. 14, 2023.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rescuers search for people after a landslide in India in August that was caused by torrential rains. Climate-driven disasters are particularly destructive in places that are not wealthy, and such disasters can set off cycles of destruction, debt and further vulnerability. \u003ccite>(Pradeep Kumar/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Why is money such a big topic at the meeting?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Industrialized countries have pledged $100 billion annually to developing countries to help them adapt to global warming and move away from fossil fuels, but studies suggest much more money is needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The needs for climate finance are much, much higher — more on the order of a trillion dollars per year,” says Laura Kuhl, assistant professor of public policy and international affairs at Northeastern University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent assessment from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.oecd.org/environment/growth-accelerated-in-the-climate-finance-provided-and-mobilised-in-2021-but-developed-countries-remain-short.htm\">Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development\u003c/a> says developing countries will need at least $2.4 trillion each year by 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This money — called “climate finance” — can help developing countries switch from planet-heating fossil fuels to clean energy. It also includes money for adapting to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stacy-ann Robinson, an associate professor of environmental studies at Colby College, says you can’t talk about climate finance without talking about climate justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Countries in the Global South,” Robinson says, “are saying, ‘Listen, we contributed the least to historical greenhouse gas emissions, but based on a number of factors — environmental and otherwise — we will be impacted the most.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why back in 2009 at the climate conference in Copenhagen, Denmark, industrialized nations announced that \u003cem>they\u003c/em> would take the lead on climate finance. They pledged that by 2020, they would give $100 billion each year toward funding climate adaptation and reducing fossil fuel use in the Global South.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They missed the 2020 goal. And although industrialized nations \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.oecd.org/climate-change/finance-usd-100-billion-goal/__;!!Iwwt!TcowzyOv2FKzOEQ2b2ribe2pUfpddVlARAVq0htz59aiMKvGjGYB7r4G9AdEE25TLeLgv9DyTp0S-yui5pg%24\">may have finally reached the $100 billion\u003c/a> mark in 2022, in Dubai, the discussions will center on how to get closer to the trillion dollar range. This will involve engaging countries, institutions like the World Bank and the IMF, and the private sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How do wars in the Middle East and Ukraine affect climate talks this year?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>They won’t help. Climate diplomacy is already contentious. The conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East are further complicating, if not worsening, diplomatic relations among some of the world’s largest historic contributors to climate change — namely, the United States, Russia and China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.N. Secretary-General Guterres acknowledged the problem in recent remarks, saying that it’s clear that world leaders face “distractions” from addressing climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has trashed its relations with the U.S. and the European Union, which have been providing Ukraine with billions of dollars in aid and weaponry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At last year’s climate talks, representatives from developing countries raised questions about why rich countries like the U.S. have been quick to deliver weapons while slow-walking funds for climate adaptation and clean energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those concerns are likely to come up again in Dubai, as the U.S. is now delivering billions of dollars more to Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Israel’s continued bombardment of the Gaza Strip is also raising the ire of other countries in the Middle East and Global South, and a broader regional conflict could cause chaos in the world’s energy markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this makes it more difficult for world leaders to maintain consensus and focus on addressing the global issue of human-caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=FAQ%3A+Annual+climate+negotiations+are+about+to+start.+Do+they+matter%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"World leaders, climate experts and oil company executives will converge in Dubai later this week to talk about climate change at the United Nations COP28 meeting. Here's what you need to know.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704845817,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/co2-cop28-20231120/"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":46,"wordCount":1810},"headData":{"title":"Annual Climate Negotiations Are About To Start. Do They Matter? | KQED","description":"World leaders, climate experts and oil company executives will converge in Dubai later this week to talk about climate change at the United Nations COP28 meeting. Here's what you need to know.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"NPR","sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"Frank Augstein","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/1134404086/michael-copley\">Michael Copley\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/1119646476/julia-simon\">Julia Simon\u003c/a>, \u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/348779465/nathan-rott\">Nathan Rott\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/803934365/lauren-sommer\">Lauren Sommer\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/384067907/rebecca-hersher\">Rebecca Hersher\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"AP","nprStoryId":"1209676382","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1209676382&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/27/1209676382/cop28-climate-change-conference-faq?ft=nprml&f=1209676382","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 27 Nov 2023 08:14:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 27 Nov 2023 05:00:52 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 27 Nov 2023 08:14:11 -0500","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1985560/faq-annual-climate-negotiations-are-about-to-start-do-they-matter","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A major annual international climate meeting kicks off later this week in Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>World leaders are meeting from Nov. 30 to Dec. 12 to discuss the effects of climate change, efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and the increasingly pressing question of who will pay for the costs of a hotter planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attendance at the annual negotiations \u003ca href=\"https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/parties-non-party-stakeholders/non-party-stakeholders/statistics-on-non-party-stakeholders/statistics-on-participation-and-in-session-engagement\">has ballooned\u003c/a> and hit an \u003ca href=\"https://unfccc.int/news/cop27-reaches-breakthrough-agreement-on-new-loss-and-damage-fund-for-vulnerable-countries#:~:text=COP27%20brought%20together%20more%20than,how%20it%20impacts%20their%20lives.\">estimated 45,000 people\u003c/a> last year. Thousands of climate scientists, mayors, activists, corporate executives, and representatives of major oil companies will also fly to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/12/1148810078/the-uae-names-the-head-of-its-main-state-oil-company-to-lead-cop28\">petroleum-dependent host country\u003c/a> to attend hundreds of side events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The meeting comes at the close of the hottest year ever recorded on Earth. Extreme weather is killing people around the world. And while it’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/30/1208241783/its-unlikely-but-not-impossible-to-limit-global-warming-to-1-5-celsius-study-fin\">still possible\u003c/a> for humans to avoid catastrophic climate change effects — such as mass extinctions and runaway sea level rise by the end of this century — it is only possible if greenhouse gas pollution falls dramatically and immediately, scientists warn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, a fight is brewing over whether the countries most responsible for causing climate change will \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/07/1133270753/climate-change-loss-damage-cop27\">follow through on promises\u003c/a> to help the most vulnerable countries \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/08/1053669015/who-pays-for-climate-change\">foot the bill\u003c/a> for adapting to a hotter world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what you need to know about what’s at stake and what to expect.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why is this meeting happening and what is it supposed to achieve?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This meeting happens every year and is arranged by the branch of the United Nations that handles global negotiations about climate change. In U.N.-speak, the climate meeting is called the Conference of the Parties, or COP. This is the 28th Conference of the Parties, so it’s called COP28.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of the 2015 COP meeting, world leaders signed the landmark Paris Climate Agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Paris Agreement requires virtually every country on Earth to pledge how much they’ll cut planet-warming pollution and update those plans every few years. The goal is to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius compared to temperatures in the late 1800s, and ideally no more than 1.5 degrees Celsius.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, world leaders are required to review humanity’s collective progress toward that goal. And the situation is not good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A U.N. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/20/1213207121/this-is-how-far-behind-the-world-is-on-controlling-planet-warming-pollution\">analysis released this month\u003c/a> found that global greenhouse gas emissions are still rising, and the planet is on track for at least 2.5 degrees Celsius of warming by the end of the century. And while it’s still possible to stay below 2 degrees of warming — and every tenth of a degree of warming the world avoids will save lives — scientists warn that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/30/1208241783/its-unlikely-but-not-impossible-to-limit-global-warming-to-1-5-celsius-study-fin\">1.5-degree target is slipping away\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>These meetings have been happening for 30 years, and it feels like climate change is only getting worse. Do they really matter?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Last year’s COP27 meeting in Egypt ended with a watered-down agreement that left out language calling for a phaseout of all fossil fuels — the biggest driver of global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The summits have become a circus, “with the petrostates as the ringmasters” and everyone else as “the clowns,” Sandrine Dixson-Declève \u003ca href=\"https://www.clubofrome.org/blog-post/decleve-cop27/\">wrote last year\u003c/a>, as co-president of The Club of Rome, a nonprofit in Switzerland that works on climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem, Dixson-Declève told NPR, is combining international negotiations with a trade show. The number of lobbyists who attend the events has soared, she says, and civil society groups struggle to afford the cost of reserving pavilion space in the COP conference hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some are actually given easier access than others because they can pay for it. And that means that those that have pavilions might be able to invite certain governments to come and have a conversation,” Dixson-Declève says. “It may not seem like direct lobbying, but it is potentially indirect lobbying, depending on where the conversation goes. So I think it’s incredibly important that we take into consideration this aspect, which has created a very unfair playing field.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the COP meetings remain crucial events for activists and poor countries hit hardest by climate-fueled disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the big values of the U.N. process, actually, is that everybody’s at the table,” says David Waskow, director of the International Climate Initiative at the World Resources Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The meetings are not “a panacea,” Waskow adds, but they “give us a sense of the direction we need to travel in and also can be a catalyst.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rishikesh Ram Bhandary, assistant director of the Global Economic Governance Initiative at Boston University, says he understands the public’s frustration with the climate talks. Part of it seems to stem from a mismatch between the U.N.’s multilateral process, which ensures every country has a say but often delivers incremental progress, and the urgency people feel as the impacts of climate change get worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That tension has only grown as the United Arab Emirates, a big oil producer, prepares to host this year’s meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given its knowledge of oil and gas, the UAE has a chance to chart a practical but ambitious path to move the world off of fossil fuels, Dixson-Declève says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That would be the perfect scenario,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the world seems to be moving in the opposite direction. António Guterres, the U.N. secretary-general, \u003ca href=\"https://productiongap.org/unsg-message-2023/\">said earlier in November\u003c/a> that governments “are literally doubling down on fossil fuel production.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/co2-cop28-20231120/?initialWidth=953&childId=responsive-embed-co2-cop28-20231120&parentTitle=Everything%20you%20need%20to%20know%20about%20the%20COP28%20climate%20change%20meeting%20%3A%20NPR&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2023%2F11%2F27%2F1209676382%2Fcop28-climate-change-conference-faq\" width=\"1000\" height=\"620\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What will be a contentious topic at these talks?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One of the biggest debates will be the overcompensation that wealthier countries could pay to nations hardest hit by climate change. It’s known as “loss and damage.” Lower-income countries bear the brunt of climate impacts, such as floods, fires and drought that cause billions of dollars in destruction. But they have contributed little to the planetary warming driving those disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Countries like the U.S. and those in Europe built their wealth through fossil fuel use and are responsible for most of the heat-trapping emissions in the atmosphere today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, developing nations have argued that they’re owed for the damage caused by climate change. Loss and damage funding could be used to prepare for future impacts, like building infrastructure or \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/07/1133270753/climate-change-loss-damage-cop27\">relocating communities\u003c/a>, as well as compensating them for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/07/1133270753/climate-change-loss-damage-cop27\">irreplaceable cultural resources\u003c/a> that have been lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the 2022 climate summit, countries \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/20/1137349916/did-the-world-make-progress-on-climate-change-heres-what-was-decided-at-global-t\">made a historic agreement\u003c/a> to create a fund, especially for that purpose. Since then, negotiations have been bumpy. Countries have argued about which nations should pay into the fund, which should be eligible to receive funding, and where the fund is housed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/climate-change-cop28-loss-damage-fund-abu-dhabi-bd4969f1b23254a7311d1ad4f4289d9b\">the plan is\u003c/a> for the World Bank to house the “loss and damage” fund temporarily. But global leaders would need to sign off on that plan at the COP28 talks. And some developing countries are concerned about the plan because it only urges, not requires, richer countries to contribute funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985562\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985562\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Rescuers remove mud and debris as they search for people feared trapped after a landslide near a temple on the outskirts of Shimla, Himachal Pradesh state, Aug. 14, 2023.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/ap23302774547951-e588f5868c0b80d8995b55a0d7a8712917cc8953-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rescuers search for people after a landslide in India in August that was caused by torrential rains. Climate-driven disasters are particularly destructive in places that are not wealthy, and such disasters can set off cycles of destruction, debt and further vulnerability. \u003ccite>(Pradeep Kumar/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Why is money such a big topic at the meeting?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Industrialized countries have pledged $100 billion annually to developing countries to help them adapt to global warming and move away from fossil fuels, but studies suggest much more money is needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The needs for climate finance are much, much higher — more on the order of a trillion dollars per year,” says Laura Kuhl, assistant professor of public policy and international affairs at Northeastern University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent assessment from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.oecd.org/environment/growth-accelerated-in-the-climate-finance-provided-and-mobilised-in-2021-but-developed-countries-remain-short.htm\">Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development\u003c/a> says developing countries will need at least $2.4 trillion each year by 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This money — called “climate finance” — can help developing countries switch from planet-heating fossil fuels to clean energy. It also includes money for adapting to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stacy-ann Robinson, an associate professor of environmental studies at Colby College, says you can’t talk about climate finance without talking about climate justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Countries in the Global South,” Robinson says, “are saying, ‘Listen, we contributed the least to historical greenhouse gas emissions, but based on a number of factors — environmental and otherwise — we will be impacted the most.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why back in 2009 at the climate conference in Copenhagen, Denmark, industrialized nations announced that \u003cem>they\u003c/em> would take the lead on climate finance. They pledged that by 2020, they would give $100 billion each year toward funding climate adaptation and reducing fossil fuel use in the Global South.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They missed the 2020 goal. And although industrialized nations \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.oecd.org/climate-change/finance-usd-100-billion-goal/__;!!Iwwt!TcowzyOv2FKzOEQ2b2ribe2pUfpddVlARAVq0htz59aiMKvGjGYB7r4G9AdEE25TLeLgv9DyTp0S-yui5pg%24\">may have finally reached the $100 billion\u003c/a> mark in 2022, in Dubai, the discussions will center on how to get closer to the trillion dollar range. This will involve engaging countries, institutions like the World Bank and the IMF, and the private sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How do wars in the Middle East and Ukraine affect climate talks this year?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>They won’t help. Climate diplomacy is already contentious. The conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East are further complicating, if not worsening, diplomatic relations among some of the world’s largest historic contributors to climate change — namely, the United States, Russia and China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.N. Secretary-General Guterres acknowledged the problem in recent remarks, saying that it’s clear that world leaders face “distractions” from addressing climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has trashed its relations with the U.S. and the European Union, which have been providing Ukraine with billions of dollars in aid and weaponry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At last year’s climate talks, representatives from developing countries raised questions about why rich countries like the U.S. have been quick to deliver weapons while slow-walking funds for climate adaptation and clean energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those concerns are likely to come up again in Dubai, as the U.S. is now delivering billions of dollars more to Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Israel’s continued bombardment of the Gaza Strip is also raising the ire of other countries in the Middle East and Global South, and a broader regional conflict could cause chaos in the world’s energy markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this makes it more difficult for world leaders to maintain consensus and focus on addressing the global issue of human-caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=FAQ%3A+Annual+climate+negotiations+are+about+to+start.+Do+they+matter%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1985560/faq-annual-climate-negotiations-are-about-to-start-do-they-matter","authors":["byline_science_1985560"],"categories":["science_31","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_182","science_194","science_572","science_134","science_4417","science_4414","science_556","science_843","science_206","science_201","science_365"],"featImg":"science_1985561","label":"source_science_1985560"},"science_1983997":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1983997","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1983997","score":null,"sort":[1692741332000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"water-recycling-bay-area-answer-drought-algae-blooms","title":"Is Water Recycling the Answer to the Bay Area's Drought Woes, Algae Blooms?","publishDate":1692741332,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Is Water Recycling the Answer to the Bay Area’s Drought Woes, Algae Blooms? | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>When recycled for drinking, the millions of gallons of water that Bay Area residents flush down toilets and showers every day could be cleaner than the pristine \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11948948/the-past-present-and-future-of-the-hetch-hetchy-reservoir\">Hetch Hetchy water that flows from many taps in the region\u003c/a>, according to a top California water official.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Both are drinkable and pure,” said Darrin Polhemus, deputy director of the drinking water division of the state’s Water Resources Control Board. Recycled water for human consumption, he added, will be so clean that workers will have to add minerals to it, because the purification process strips the water of necessary minerals that make it drinkable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But recycling the region’s used water for drinking, a process called “direct potable reuse,” is not happening anywhere in the Bay Area — at least not yet. Polhemus’ agency, however, is working to change that by drawing up \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1983699/from-sewage-to-drinking-glass-californias-plan-to-recycle-water\">rules for how local water agencies can pump ultra-purified water straight into the pipes that connect to people’s homes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water agencies that opt in early would either have to build entirely new water recycling plants, join forces with other water companies, or add water reuse capabilities to their operations. The entirely optional regulations could be official next year and, within half a decade, some agencies may be using the technique to help drought-proof their water portfolios.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Darrin Polhemus, deputy director, California’s Division of Drinking Water\"]‘It’s going to be purified water that’s going to have the highest level of treatment ever, and it will be monitored at the beginning, middle and end.’[/pullquote]“It’s going to be purified water that’s going to have the highest level of treatment ever, and it will be monitored at the beginning, middle and end of the purification process,” Polhemus said. “It is the highest treated water we’re ever going to produce in the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some water and climate experts believe recycling wastewater for human use is a climate adaptation strategy that, if employed wisely, could be a remedy for both future water shortages and the toxic algae blooms that have begun to perennially plague the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The impacts of climate change need solutions commensurate to the issue, and water recycling for human use is the reimagining we need,” said William Abraham Tarpeh, an assistant professor of chemical engineering at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983962\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1983962\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A large room full of industrial equipment and a poster of a person holding a glass of clear water.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A photo hangs above the microfiltration systems at Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center in San José on Aug. 14, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The purification process in a nutshell: Once soiled water swirls down the drain or toilet and reaches a wastewater plant or recycling facility, it is forced through a series of tiny tubes, pipes and filters and hit with ultraviolet light and other treatments like reverse osmosis and hydrogen peroxide, to strain and scrub out bacteria and parasites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is beat up a lot. It’s the same technology used to desalinate ocean water,” said Lakeisha Bryant, a spokesperson for the Santa Clara Valley Water District, which operates the \u003ca href=\"https://www.valleywater.org/your-water/recycled-and-purified-water\">Silicon Valley Advanced Water Treatment Purification Center\u003c/a> in San José. Similar to most other agencies in Northern California, the water purified in the facility is currently only used for things like landscape irrigation, cleaning buildings, industrial cooling, some agriculture and toilet flushing — but not human consumption. Some agencies even sell the recycled wastewater to oil refineries to generate steam to make fuel. Others hope to pump it deep into the earth to recharge depleted aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valley Water aims to use recycled wastewater for at least 10% of the county’s total water demands by 2025, \u003ca class=\"c-link\" href=\"https://www.valleywater.org/your-water/recycled-and-purified-water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-stringify-link=\"https://www.valleywater.org/your-water/recycled-and-purified-water\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\">its website states\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while none of that will be for human consumption, the agency is also attempting a small-scale pilot project to bottle water for human use over the next year in preparation for the new statewide rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984038\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984038\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A young Black woman standing in a factory holds a bottle of water. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lakeisha Bryant, of Valley Water, samples a bottle of recycled water at Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center in San José on Aug. 14, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It will be good enough for people to drink, and that will be a huge game changer when it comes to public perception,” said Lei Hong, operations manager at the South Bay plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the state’s impending water recycling guidelines, another impending regulation, set to roll out next spring, will have far-reaching effects in the Bay Area. All 37 wastewater treatment plants across the region will be required, via a permitting process, to reduce the sheer volume of treated wastewater they pump into the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plethora of microscopic elements — like nitrogen and phosphorus — in that water is a smorgasbord for the single-tailed algae that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1983775/as-algal-bloom-returns-to-the-bay-is-swimming-safe-for-humans-and-pets\">darkened the water rusty brown in parts of the bay the past two summers\u003c/a>, and last year killed thousands of fish.[aside label='More Stories on Algae Bloom' tag='algae-bloom']Eileen White, executive officer of the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board, which will issue the permits, said the new rules could force wastewater agencies to reduce their output of this algae food by as much as 50%, with the goal of eliminating the nutrient “buffet” that algae love feeding on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That exact percentage, however, is still an open point of debate. White’s team is meeting with water agencies across the region and said they will use the best science to determine the exact percentage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re looking at very significant reductions given what occurred last summer,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just 10% of all the water that flows into wastewater plants in the region today is recycled, White said, noting that while her board has encouraged local water agencies to increase their recycling capacity, there is currently no direct requirement to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lorien Fono, the executive director of the Bay Area Clean Water Agencies, which represents the five largest wastewater treatment agencies in the Bay Area, said there are significant barriers to turning wastewater into drinking water. The big one: price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can cost more than $1 billion to establish one water recycling project, a cost many agencies consider prohibitive, even with the help of available state and federal grants. Space for the new plants and jurisdictional issues are also major roadblocks. Only some wastewater agencies are water suppliers, so there would need to be collaboration across separate agencies and private companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Recycled water is in its infancy in our region,” Fono said. She said the barriers, mostly cost and limited land, don’t make the Bay Area an ideal place for water recycling for human consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many agencies, geography is also a major limitation for expanding water recycling capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984037\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984037\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut.jpg\" alt='A purple sign on a metal post reads, \"Recycled Water in Use.\" Reeds and dead tan grass are behind it.' width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign says, ‘Recycled Water in Use’ outside of the Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center in San José on Aug. 14, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amit Mutsuddy, director of wastewater for the East Bay Utility District, whose plant is sandwiched between three freeways, said he doesn’t think direct potable reuse is a likely option because of the hefty price tag and limited space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are landlocked, so we cannot expand,” he said, adding the agency is experimenting with other practices to decrease nutrients.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Lei Hong, operations manager, Santa Clara Valley Water District\"]‘It will be good enough for people to drink, and that will be a huge game changer when it comes to public perception.’[/pullquote]Mutsuddy’s site continuously pumps treated wastewater into the bay, several hundred feet from the shore, via a metal pipe 30 feet under the water. Much of that could be returned to the water supply, if recycling became a feasible option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an incredibly important moment,” said Meagan Mauter, a Stanford University environmental engineering professor, whose lab focuses, in part, on using renewable energy to meet the extensive power demands of wastewater treatment plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to move towards the mentality that this is what the region needs to be thinking about in order to ensure the resiliency and affordability of our water supplies,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Water recycling could be a Bay Area climate adaptation solution that addresses increasing water shortages and harmful algae blooms.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704845919,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1400},"headData":{"title":"Is Water Recycling the Answer to the Bay Area's Drought Woes, Algae Blooms? | KQED","description":"Water recycling could be a Bay Area climate adaptation solution that addresses increasing water shortages and harmful algae blooms.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1983997/water-recycling-bay-area-answer-drought-algae-blooms","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When recycled for drinking, the millions of gallons of water that Bay Area residents flush down toilets and showers every day could be cleaner than the pristine \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11948948/the-past-present-and-future-of-the-hetch-hetchy-reservoir\">Hetch Hetchy water that flows from many taps in the region\u003c/a>, according to a top California water official.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Both are drinkable and pure,” said Darrin Polhemus, deputy director of the drinking water division of the state’s Water Resources Control Board. Recycled water for human consumption, he added, will be so clean that workers will have to add minerals to it, because the purification process strips the water of necessary minerals that make it drinkable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But recycling the region’s used water for drinking, a process called “direct potable reuse,” is not happening anywhere in the Bay Area — at least not yet. Polhemus’ agency, however, is working to change that by drawing up \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1983699/from-sewage-to-drinking-glass-californias-plan-to-recycle-water\">rules for how local water agencies can pump ultra-purified water straight into the pipes that connect to people’s homes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water agencies that opt in early would either have to build entirely new water recycling plants, join forces with other water companies, or add water reuse capabilities to their operations. The entirely optional regulations could be official next year and, within half a decade, some agencies may be using the technique to help drought-proof their water portfolios.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘It’s going to be purified water that’s going to have the highest level of treatment ever, and it will be monitored at the beginning, middle and end.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Darrin Polhemus, deputy director, California’s Division of Drinking Water","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“It’s going to be purified water that’s going to have the highest level of treatment ever, and it will be monitored at the beginning, middle and end of the purification process,” Polhemus said. “It is the highest treated water we’re ever going to produce in the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some water and climate experts believe recycling wastewater for human use is a climate adaptation strategy that, if employed wisely, could be a remedy for both future water shortages and the toxic algae blooms that have begun to perennially plague the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The impacts of climate change need solutions commensurate to the issue, and water recycling for human use is the reimagining we need,” said William Abraham Tarpeh, an assistant professor of chemical engineering at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983962\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1983962\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A large room full of industrial equipment and a poster of a person holding a glass of clear water.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A photo hangs above the microfiltration systems at Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center in San José on Aug. 14, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The purification process in a nutshell: Once soiled water swirls down the drain or toilet and reaches a wastewater plant or recycling facility, it is forced through a series of tiny tubes, pipes and filters and hit with ultraviolet light and other treatments like reverse osmosis and hydrogen peroxide, to strain and scrub out bacteria and parasites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is beat up a lot. It’s the same technology used to desalinate ocean water,” said Lakeisha Bryant, a spokesperson for the Santa Clara Valley Water District, which operates the \u003ca href=\"https://www.valleywater.org/your-water/recycled-and-purified-water\">Silicon Valley Advanced Water Treatment Purification Center\u003c/a> in San José. Similar to most other agencies in Northern California, the water purified in the facility is currently only used for things like landscape irrigation, cleaning buildings, industrial cooling, some agriculture and toilet flushing — but not human consumption. Some agencies even sell the recycled wastewater to oil refineries to generate steam to make fuel. Others hope to pump it deep into the earth to recharge depleted aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valley Water aims to use recycled wastewater for at least 10% of the county’s total water demands by 2025, \u003ca class=\"c-link\" href=\"https://www.valleywater.org/your-water/recycled-and-purified-water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-stringify-link=\"https://www.valleywater.org/your-water/recycled-and-purified-water\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\">its website states\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while none of that will be for human consumption, the agency is also attempting a small-scale pilot project to bottle water for human use over the next year in preparation for the new statewide rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984038\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984038\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A young Black woman standing in a factory holds a bottle of water. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lakeisha Bryant, of Valley Water, samples a bottle of recycled water at Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center in San José on Aug. 14, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It will be good enough for people to drink, and that will be a huge game changer when it comes to public perception,” said Lei Hong, operations manager at the South Bay plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the state’s impending water recycling guidelines, another impending regulation, set to roll out next spring, will have far-reaching effects in the Bay Area. All 37 wastewater treatment plants across the region will be required, via a permitting process, to reduce the sheer volume of treated wastewater they pump into the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plethora of microscopic elements — like nitrogen and phosphorus — in that water is a smorgasbord for the single-tailed algae that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1983775/as-algal-bloom-returns-to-the-bay-is-swimming-safe-for-humans-and-pets\">darkened the water rusty brown in parts of the bay the past two summers\u003c/a>, and last year killed thousands of fish.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More Stories on Algae Bloom ","tag":"algae-bloom"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Eileen White, executive officer of the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board, which will issue the permits, said the new rules could force wastewater agencies to reduce their output of this algae food by as much as 50%, with the goal of eliminating the nutrient “buffet” that algae love feeding on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That exact percentage, however, is still an open point of debate. White’s team is meeting with water agencies across the region and said they will use the best science to determine the exact percentage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re looking at very significant reductions given what occurred last summer,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just 10% of all the water that flows into wastewater plants in the region today is recycled, White said, noting that while her board has encouraged local water agencies to increase their recycling capacity, there is currently no direct requirement to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lorien Fono, the executive director of the Bay Area Clean Water Agencies, which represents the five largest wastewater treatment agencies in the Bay Area, said there are significant barriers to turning wastewater into drinking water. The big one: price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can cost more than $1 billion to establish one water recycling project, a cost many agencies consider prohibitive, even with the help of available state and federal grants. Space for the new plants and jurisdictional issues are also major roadblocks. Only some wastewater agencies are water suppliers, so there would need to be collaboration across separate agencies and private companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Recycled water is in its infancy in our region,” Fono said. She said the barriers, mostly cost and limited land, don’t make the Bay Area an ideal place for water recycling for human consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many agencies, geography is also a major limitation for expanding water recycling capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984037\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984037\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut.jpg\" alt='A purple sign on a metal post reads, \"Recycled Water in Use.\" Reeds and dead tan grass are behind it.' width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign says, ‘Recycled Water in Use’ outside of the Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center in San José on Aug. 14, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amit Mutsuddy, director of wastewater for the East Bay Utility District, whose plant is sandwiched between three freeways, said he doesn’t think direct potable reuse is a likely option because of the hefty price tag and limited space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are landlocked, so we cannot expand,” he said, adding the agency is experimenting with other practices to decrease nutrients.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘It will be good enough for people to drink, and that will be a huge game changer when it comes to public perception.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Lei Hong, operations manager, Santa Clara Valley Water District","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Mutsuddy’s site continuously pumps treated wastewater into the bay, several hundred feet from the shore, via a metal pipe 30 feet under the water. Much of that could be returned to the water supply, if recycling became a feasible option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an incredibly important moment,” said Meagan Mauter, a Stanford University environmental engineering professor, whose lab focuses, in part, on using renewable energy to meet the extensive power demands of wastewater treatment plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to move towards the mentality that this is what the region needs to be thinking about in order to ensure the resiliency and affordability of our water supplies,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1983997/water-recycling-bay-area-answer-drought-algae-blooms","authors":["11746"],"categories":["science_35","science_40","science_4450","science_98"],"tags":["science_572","science_4414","science_208","science_1194"],"featImg":"science_1983961","label":"science"},"science_1983443":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1983443","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1983443","score":null,"sort":[1689159630000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-racist-past-and-hotter-future-are-testing-western-water-like-never-before","title":"A Racist Past and Hotter Future Are Testing Western Water Like Never Before","publishDate":1689159630,"format":"image","headTitle":"A Racist Past and Hotter Future Are Testing Western Water Like Never Before | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>As droughts strain water supplies across Western states, some cities and farmers have struggled with mandatory cutbacks. Determining who gets cut is decided by the foundational pecking order of Western water: the older your claim to water, created as the country expanded westward, the better protected it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When there’s a shortage, those with newer water rights have to cut back first, sometimes giving up their water completely before older claims lose a single drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s known as “first in time, first in right.” But “first” is a relative term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“First in time, first in right is kind of laughable, because the ones that were here first were the indigenous people,” says Gary Mulcahy, government liaison for the Winnemem Wintu tribe in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the climate gets hotter and further shrinks strained water supplies, Western states are grappling with whether a century-old water system created by white settlers can equitably handle a future of worsening droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rights to water have long been seen as sacrosanct by many. But after decades of exclusion, Native American tribes are helping lead the charge both in California and on the Colorado River, arguing for overhauling an arcane system they say is inherently racist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers are debating whether to create new authority to rein in the oldest water users, who have long contended their rights can’t be constrained by the state. Cities like San Francisco and farming districts with senior water rights are lobbying hard against the bills, saying billions of dollars invested into the water system are at stake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The weight of the inequities is really stunning,” say Felicia Marcus, a fellow at Stanford University’s Water in the West program and a former California water regulator. “Folks are going to need to think about what are the alternatives to cure what might be a historic injustice, while also being aware of the equities of all the communities and people dependent on the system that we do have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983451\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1983451\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/lfc_3672_custom-0e499fdf69d08753c0ceebb82b9c055dcfc1d402-s1600-c85-800x533.jpg\" alt='A group of 9 people stand in protest with signs reading \"Free the eel\" and \"Save the salmon\" in front of a building. A man on the far right holds a microphone.' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/lfc_3672_custom-0e499fdf69d08753c0ceebb82b9c055dcfc1d402-s1600-c85-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/lfc_3672_custom-0e499fdf69d08753c0ceebb82b9c055dcfc1d402-s1600-c85-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/lfc_3672_custom-0e499fdf69d08753c0ceebb82b9c055dcfc1d402-s1600-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/lfc_3672_custom-0e499fdf69d08753c0ceebb82b9c055dcfc1d402-s1600-c85-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/lfc_3672_custom-0e499fdf69d08753c0ceebb82b9c055dcfc1d402-s1600-c85-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/lfc_3672_custom-0e499fdf69d08753c0ceebb82b9c055dcfc1d402-s1600-c85.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gary Mulcahy of the Winnemem Wintu Tribe (right) speaks at a rally for water rights and the environment at California’s state Capitol building. \u003ccite>(Tim Daw)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>First in time, via a piece of paper on a tree\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>More than a century ago, San Francisco locked up a pristine water supply. The city was booming in the late 1800s, and officials knew that local supplies wouldn’t be enough for the growing population. They set their sights on a river high in the Sierra Nevada mountains, more than 150 miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To tap into that river, the city had to first officially file for a water right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It meant you write it on a piece of paper and nail it to a tree,” says Steve Ritchie, assistant general manager at the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to that piece of paper \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/books/edition/San_Francisco_Municipal_Reports/DHRFLjqZG3UC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=san+francisco+water+tree+tuolumne&pg=PA405&printsec=frontcover\">nailed to an 8-inch round oak tree\u003c/a> near the Tuolumne River in 1901, San Francisco has enjoyed a stable water supply ever since. During California’s most severe droughts, the city hasn’t had to make mandatory cutbacks, even when other cities and farms around the state saw their supplies dwindle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We and others have invested a lot of money in our systems to make them work based on the principle of first in time and first in right,” Ritchie says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>For tribes, being first doesn’t mean you have water\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For California’s Native American tribes, which have largely been excluded from the water rights hierarchy, that focus on the history of settlers’ interests rings hollow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we say about the senior water rights holders is they all got their water through murder, mayhem, rape, theft and genocide,” Mulcahy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The traditional land of the Winnemem Wintu tribe in Northern California was flooded in the 1940s when California built Shasta Dam, creating the largest reservoir in the state. Today, it’s one of the most valuable sources of water, supplying farms and cities that stretch hundreds of miles, all the way to Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983446\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1983446\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/2023_06_12_kj_2673_aerials_lake_levels_custom-66cec55890637f346881987a0f214049cc0f2d5b-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A vast blue lake is seen with a large dam connecting to a reservoir. In the background are white clouds in blue skies with green mountains.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/2023_06_12_kj_2673_aerials_lake_levels_custom-66cec55890637f346881987a0f214049cc0f2d5b-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/2023_06_12_kj_2673_aerials_lake_levels_custom-66cec55890637f346881987a0f214049cc0f2d5b-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/2023_06_12_kj_2673_aerials_lake_levels_custom-66cec55890637f346881987a0f214049cc0f2d5b-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/2023_06_12_kj_2673_aerials_lake_levels_custom-66cec55890637f346881987a0f214049cc0f2d5b-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/2023_06_12_kj_2673_aerials_lake_levels_custom-66cec55890637f346881987a0f214049cc0f2d5b-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/2023_06_12_kj_2673_aerials_lake_levels_custom-66cec55890637f346881987a0f214049cc0f2d5b-1920x1279.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/2023_06_12_kj_2673_aerials_lake_levels_custom-66cec55890637f346881987a0f214049cc0f2d5b.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lake Shasta in Northern California is one of the state’s most vital water supplies. When it was built in the 1940s, it also flooded the traditional homeland of the Wimmemem Wintu Tribe. \u003ccite>(Ken James/California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We have no water rights,” Mulcahy says. “We’re the Winnemem Wintu tribe. Winnemem means ‘middle water’– middle water people. That kind of tells you our culture, our spirituality is based on water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s tribes, like most across the West, were forced to sign treaties with the federal government, giving up their land in exchange for a reservation to live on. But the treaties with most California tribes were never ratified by the U.S. Senate and \u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/files/publications/prologue/2013/fall-winter/treaties.pdf\">were lost for 50 years (PDF)\u003c/a>. As a result, the tribes have no federal recognition, giving them little standing to claim water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The water rights system absolutely totally needs to change for everybody’s right, for everybody’s health and well-being, and not just a select few who think that they are the gods of water and they can’t be touched,” Mulcahy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>State bills would grant authority over senior rights\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers are now debating whether to take some steps toward reform. State bills would give regulators more power to investigate the water use of senior rights holders, allow them to order those rights holders to stop using water when there’s a shortage, and to increase the fines against those who take water illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pushback has been swift from senior rights holders, which represent some of California’s wealthiest cities and farming areas. Many contend their water use can’t be curbed, since their rights were established before California created its regulatory water agency in 1914, the California State Water Resources Control Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t think that curtailment should apply to us,” Ritchie says. “Water rights are basically a form of a property right. So having the uncertainty that that supply might be cut at some point, that is very troubling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983447\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1983447\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1153763326_custom-42a2dabb5e51047cf49fa272e6126303d6e5d965-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Two women are seen on a truck filling up large containers of water through a pipe. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1153763326_custom-42a2dabb5e51047cf49fa272e6126303d6e5d965-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1153763326_custom-42a2dabb5e51047cf49fa272e6126303d6e5d965-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1153763326_custom-42a2dabb5e51047cf49fa272e6126303d6e5d965-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1153763326_custom-42a2dabb5e51047cf49fa272e6126303d6e5d965-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1153763326_custom-42a2dabb5e51047cf49fa272e6126303d6e5d965-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1153763326_custom-42a2dabb5e51047cf49fa272e6126303d6e5d965-1920x1279.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1153763326_custom-42a2dabb5e51047cf49fa272e6126303d6e5d965.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Women who belong to the Navajo Nation fill up their family’s water containers. Parts of the reservation still lack running water and the tribe has been pushing for rights to the Colorado River for decades. \u003ccite>(Spencer Platt/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During California’s last two droughts, state regulators struggled to order cutbacks among those with senior water rights, lacking data about how much water was being used and what rights were affected. When water users have defied orders to cut their use, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/11/california-ranchers-drought-fine/\">the state’s ability to levy fines has been minimal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t mean to say it’s kind of a hot mess, but it’s kind of a mess,” Marcus says. “We have to figure out how to have a better way of allocating water more fairly according to set-upon rules that everybody can see.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Tribes push for water rights on the Colorado River\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Water cutbacks are also contentious on the Colorado River. There, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/06/09/1003424717/the-drought-in-the-western-u-s-is-getting-bad-climate-change-is-making-it-worse\">two-decades-long drought\u003c/a> is forcing states to face a harsh reality: the future will mean less water for everyone. But tribes on the river \u003ca href=\"https://www.kunc.org/thirstgap/2023-05-15/first-in-time\">have been left out from the very beginning\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/20/1164852475/supreme-court-navajo-nation-water-rights\">Navajo Nation has been battling with the state of Arizona\u003c/a> for decades over getting its water rights clarified on the river. Some parts of the reservation \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2015/01/06/374584452/for-many-of-navajo-nation-water-delivery-comes-monthly\">still lack running water\u003c/a>, forcing residents to get deliveries by truck. As a federally-recognized tribe, the Navajo Nation has rights to water as part of the “permanent home” the federal government granted with a treaty creating the reservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The issue is that they haven’t been quantified and no one really knows what the scope of those rights look like,” says Dylan Hedden-Nicely, director of the Native American Law Program at the University of Idaho College of Law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the Supreme Court ruled against the tribe, saying the federal government had no duty to support the investment needed to deliver a water supply. Still, after a long-fought battle, tribes are now \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/04/27/1172273665/tribal-nations-were-once-excluded-from-colorado-river-talks-now-theyre-key-playe\">being included in key negotiations\u003c/a> over the future of the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983448\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1983448\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/hetch_hetchy_18_custom-1b4a57f0d87c8b165d5278a110d6a170c8924343-800x542.jpg\" alt=\"An image of a lake with a backdrop of mountain cliffs. Green trees, rocks and dirt surfaces are seen in the frame.\" width=\"800\" height=\"542\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/hetch_hetchy_18_custom-1b4a57f0d87c8b165d5278a110d6a170c8924343-800x542.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/hetch_hetchy_18_custom-1b4a57f0d87c8b165d5278a110d6a170c8924343-1020x692.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/hetch_hetchy_18_custom-1b4a57f0d87c8b165d5278a110d6a170c8924343-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/hetch_hetchy_18_custom-1b4a57f0d87c8b165d5278a110d6a170c8924343-768x521.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/hetch_hetchy_18_custom-1b4a57f0d87c8b165d5278a110d6a170c8924343-1536x1041.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/hetch_hetchy_18_custom-1b4a57f0d87c8b165d5278a110d6a170c8924343-1920x1302.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/hetch_hetchy_18_custom-1b4a57f0d87c8b165d5278a110d6a170c8924343.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 1901, San Francisco claimed water from the Tuolumne River by nailing a piece of paper to a tree. The city has long contended that its senior water rights shouldn’t be constrained by the state. \u003ccite>(California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In cases where tribes have had their water rights spelled out, they’ve struck deals to \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/colorado-river-water-tribes-climate-drought-540c7db3588b2369985351ac9e9114b1\">transfer some of that water\u003c/a> to alleviate the overall shortage for everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those are the types of opportunities that exist if people can get over this historical paradigm that this is a zero-sum game – if you get anything, it’s coming out of my hide and therefore I’m going to fight you tooth and nail,” Hedden-Nicely says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the climate gets hotter, water supplies both on the Colorado River and in California \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/06/09/1003424717/the-drought-in-the-western-u-s-is-getting-bad-climate-change-is-making-it-worse\">are expected to shrink\u003c/a> and become more erratic. With the pressure mounting, the inequities in the system are becoming hard to ignore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think climate change is forcing these conversations that are uncomfortable because the water’s just not there,” Marcus says. “And we need to figure out what to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+racist+past+and+hotter+future+are+testing+Western+water+like+never+before&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In Western states, the older a water claim, the more secure it is during a drought. Tribes have long been excluded from that system, and now, they're pushing for change.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704845958,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1623},"headData":{"title":"A Racist Past and Hotter Future Are Testing Western Water Like Never Before | KQED","description":"In Western states, the older a water claim, the more secure it is during a drought. Tribes have long been excluded from that system, and now, they're pushing for change.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"NPR","sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"John Locher","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/803934365/lauren-sommer\">Lauren Sommer\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"AP","nprStoryId":"1186771880","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1186771880&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/11/1186771880/west-water-rights-tribes-climate-change-drought?ft=nprml&f=1186771880","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 11 Jul 2023 05:11:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 11 Jul 2023 05:00:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 11 Jul 2023 05:11:16 -0400","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1983443/a-racist-past-and-hotter-future-are-testing-western-water-like-never-before","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As droughts strain water supplies across Western states, some cities and farmers have struggled with mandatory cutbacks. Determining who gets cut is decided by the foundational pecking order of Western water: the older your claim to water, created as the country expanded westward, the better protected it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When there’s a shortage, those with newer water rights have to cut back first, sometimes giving up their water completely before older claims lose a single drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s known as “first in time, first in right.” But “first” is a relative term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“First in time, first in right is kind of laughable, because the ones that were here first were the indigenous people,” says Gary Mulcahy, government liaison for the Winnemem Wintu tribe in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the climate gets hotter and further shrinks strained water supplies, Western states are grappling with whether a century-old water system created by white settlers can equitably handle a future of worsening droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rights to water have long been seen as sacrosanct by many. But after decades of exclusion, Native American tribes are helping lead the charge both in California and on the Colorado River, arguing for overhauling an arcane system they say is inherently racist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers are debating whether to create new authority to rein in the oldest water users, who have long contended their rights can’t be constrained by the state. Cities like San Francisco and farming districts with senior water rights are lobbying hard against the bills, saying billions of dollars invested into the water system are at stake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The weight of the inequities is really stunning,” say Felicia Marcus, a fellow at Stanford University’s Water in the West program and a former California water regulator. “Folks are going to need to think about what are the alternatives to cure what might be a historic injustice, while also being aware of the equities of all the communities and people dependent on the system that we do have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983451\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1983451\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/lfc_3672_custom-0e499fdf69d08753c0ceebb82b9c055dcfc1d402-s1600-c85-800x533.jpg\" alt='A group of 9 people stand in protest with signs reading \"Free the eel\" and \"Save the salmon\" in front of a building. A man on the far right holds a microphone.' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/lfc_3672_custom-0e499fdf69d08753c0ceebb82b9c055dcfc1d402-s1600-c85-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/lfc_3672_custom-0e499fdf69d08753c0ceebb82b9c055dcfc1d402-s1600-c85-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/lfc_3672_custom-0e499fdf69d08753c0ceebb82b9c055dcfc1d402-s1600-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/lfc_3672_custom-0e499fdf69d08753c0ceebb82b9c055dcfc1d402-s1600-c85-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/lfc_3672_custom-0e499fdf69d08753c0ceebb82b9c055dcfc1d402-s1600-c85-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/lfc_3672_custom-0e499fdf69d08753c0ceebb82b9c055dcfc1d402-s1600-c85.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gary Mulcahy of the Winnemem Wintu Tribe (right) speaks at a rally for water rights and the environment at California’s state Capitol building. \u003ccite>(Tim Daw)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>First in time, via a piece of paper on a tree\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>More than a century ago, San Francisco locked up a pristine water supply. The city was booming in the late 1800s, and officials knew that local supplies wouldn’t be enough for the growing population. They set their sights on a river high in the Sierra Nevada mountains, more than 150 miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To tap into that river, the city had to first officially file for a water right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It meant you write it on a piece of paper and nail it to a tree,” says Steve Ritchie, assistant general manager at the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to that piece of paper \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/books/edition/San_Francisco_Municipal_Reports/DHRFLjqZG3UC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=san+francisco+water+tree+tuolumne&pg=PA405&printsec=frontcover\">nailed to an 8-inch round oak tree\u003c/a> near the Tuolumne River in 1901, San Francisco has enjoyed a stable water supply ever since. During California’s most severe droughts, the city hasn’t had to make mandatory cutbacks, even when other cities and farms around the state saw their supplies dwindle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We and others have invested a lot of money in our systems to make them work based on the principle of first in time and first in right,” Ritchie says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>For tribes, being first doesn’t mean you have water\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For California’s Native American tribes, which have largely been excluded from the water rights hierarchy, that focus on the history of settlers’ interests rings hollow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we say about the senior water rights holders is they all got their water through murder, mayhem, rape, theft and genocide,” Mulcahy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The traditional land of the Winnemem Wintu tribe in Northern California was flooded in the 1940s when California built Shasta Dam, creating the largest reservoir in the state. Today, it’s one of the most valuable sources of water, supplying farms and cities that stretch hundreds of miles, all the way to Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983446\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1983446\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/2023_06_12_kj_2673_aerials_lake_levels_custom-66cec55890637f346881987a0f214049cc0f2d5b-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A vast blue lake is seen with a large dam connecting to a reservoir. In the background are white clouds in blue skies with green mountains.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/2023_06_12_kj_2673_aerials_lake_levels_custom-66cec55890637f346881987a0f214049cc0f2d5b-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/2023_06_12_kj_2673_aerials_lake_levels_custom-66cec55890637f346881987a0f214049cc0f2d5b-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/2023_06_12_kj_2673_aerials_lake_levels_custom-66cec55890637f346881987a0f214049cc0f2d5b-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/2023_06_12_kj_2673_aerials_lake_levels_custom-66cec55890637f346881987a0f214049cc0f2d5b-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/2023_06_12_kj_2673_aerials_lake_levels_custom-66cec55890637f346881987a0f214049cc0f2d5b-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/2023_06_12_kj_2673_aerials_lake_levels_custom-66cec55890637f346881987a0f214049cc0f2d5b-1920x1279.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/2023_06_12_kj_2673_aerials_lake_levels_custom-66cec55890637f346881987a0f214049cc0f2d5b.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lake Shasta in Northern California is one of the state’s most vital water supplies. When it was built in the 1940s, it also flooded the traditional homeland of the Wimmemem Wintu Tribe. \u003ccite>(Ken James/California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We have no water rights,” Mulcahy says. “We’re the Winnemem Wintu tribe. Winnemem means ‘middle water’– middle water people. That kind of tells you our culture, our spirituality is based on water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s tribes, like most across the West, were forced to sign treaties with the federal government, giving up their land in exchange for a reservation to live on. But the treaties with most California tribes were never ratified by the U.S. Senate and \u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/files/publications/prologue/2013/fall-winter/treaties.pdf\">were lost for 50 years (PDF)\u003c/a>. As a result, the tribes have no federal recognition, giving them little standing to claim water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The water rights system absolutely totally needs to change for everybody’s right, for everybody’s health and well-being, and not just a select few who think that they are the gods of water and they can’t be touched,” Mulcahy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>State bills would grant authority over senior rights\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers are now debating whether to take some steps toward reform. State bills would give regulators more power to investigate the water use of senior rights holders, allow them to order those rights holders to stop using water when there’s a shortage, and to increase the fines against those who take water illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pushback has been swift from senior rights holders, which represent some of California’s wealthiest cities and farming areas. Many contend their water use can’t be curbed, since their rights were established before California created its regulatory water agency in 1914, the California State Water Resources Control Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t think that curtailment should apply to us,” Ritchie says. “Water rights are basically a form of a property right. So having the uncertainty that that supply might be cut at some point, that is very troubling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983447\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1983447\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1153763326_custom-42a2dabb5e51047cf49fa272e6126303d6e5d965-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Two women are seen on a truck filling up large containers of water through a pipe. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1153763326_custom-42a2dabb5e51047cf49fa272e6126303d6e5d965-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1153763326_custom-42a2dabb5e51047cf49fa272e6126303d6e5d965-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1153763326_custom-42a2dabb5e51047cf49fa272e6126303d6e5d965-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1153763326_custom-42a2dabb5e51047cf49fa272e6126303d6e5d965-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1153763326_custom-42a2dabb5e51047cf49fa272e6126303d6e5d965-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1153763326_custom-42a2dabb5e51047cf49fa272e6126303d6e5d965-1920x1279.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/gettyimages-1153763326_custom-42a2dabb5e51047cf49fa272e6126303d6e5d965.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Women who belong to the Navajo Nation fill up their family’s water containers. Parts of the reservation still lack running water and the tribe has been pushing for rights to the Colorado River for decades. \u003ccite>(Spencer Platt/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During California’s last two droughts, state regulators struggled to order cutbacks among those with senior water rights, lacking data about how much water was being used and what rights were affected. When water users have defied orders to cut their use, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/11/california-ranchers-drought-fine/\">the state’s ability to levy fines has been minimal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t mean to say it’s kind of a hot mess, but it’s kind of a mess,” Marcus says. “We have to figure out how to have a better way of allocating water more fairly according to set-upon rules that everybody can see.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Tribes push for water rights on the Colorado River\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Water cutbacks are also contentious on the Colorado River. There, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/06/09/1003424717/the-drought-in-the-western-u-s-is-getting-bad-climate-change-is-making-it-worse\">two-decades-long drought\u003c/a> is forcing states to face a harsh reality: the future will mean less water for everyone. But tribes on the river \u003ca href=\"https://www.kunc.org/thirstgap/2023-05-15/first-in-time\">have been left out from the very beginning\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/20/1164852475/supreme-court-navajo-nation-water-rights\">Navajo Nation has been battling with the state of Arizona\u003c/a> for decades over getting its water rights clarified on the river. Some parts of the reservation \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2015/01/06/374584452/for-many-of-navajo-nation-water-delivery-comes-monthly\">still lack running water\u003c/a>, forcing residents to get deliveries by truck. As a federally-recognized tribe, the Navajo Nation has rights to water as part of the “permanent home” the federal government granted with a treaty creating the reservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The issue is that they haven’t been quantified and no one really knows what the scope of those rights look like,” says Dylan Hedden-Nicely, director of the Native American Law Program at the University of Idaho College of Law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the Supreme Court ruled against the tribe, saying the federal government had no duty to support the investment needed to deliver a water supply. Still, after a long-fought battle, tribes are now \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/04/27/1172273665/tribal-nations-were-once-excluded-from-colorado-river-talks-now-theyre-key-playe\">being included in key negotiations\u003c/a> over the future of the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983448\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1983448\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/hetch_hetchy_18_custom-1b4a57f0d87c8b165d5278a110d6a170c8924343-800x542.jpg\" alt=\"An image of a lake with a backdrop of mountain cliffs. Green trees, rocks and dirt surfaces are seen in the frame.\" width=\"800\" height=\"542\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/hetch_hetchy_18_custom-1b4a57f0d87c8b165d5278a110d6a170c8924343-800x542.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/hetch_hetchy_18_custom-1b4a57f0d87c8b165d5278a110d6a170c8924343-1020x692.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/hetch_hetchy_18_custom-1b4a57f0d87c8b165d5278a110d6a170c8924343-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/hetch_hetchy_18_custom-1b4a57f0d87c8b165d5278a110d6a170c8924343-768x521.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/hetch_hetchy_18_custom-1b4a57f0d87c8b165d5278a110d6a170c8924343-1536x1041.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/hetch_hetchy_18_custom-1b4a57f0d87c8b165d5278a110d6a170c8924343-1920x1302.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/07/hetch_hetchy_18_custom-1b4a57f0d87c8b165d5278a110d6a170c8924343.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 1901, San Francisco claimed water from the Tuolumne River by nailing a piece of paper to a tree. The city has long contended that its senior water rights shouldn’t be constrained by the state. \u003ccite>(California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In cases where tribes have had their water rights spelled out, they’ve struck deals to \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/colorado-river-water-tribes-climate-drought-540c7db3588b2369985351ac9e9114b1\">transfer some of that water\u003c/a> to alleviate the overall shortage for everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those are the types of opportunities that exist if people can get over this historical paradigm that this is a zero-sum game – if you get anything, it’s coming out of my hide and therefore I’m going to fight you tooth and nail,” Hedden-Nicely says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the climate gets hotter, water supplies both on the Colorado River and in California \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/06/09/1003424717/the-drought-in-the-western-u-s-is-getting-bad-climate-change-is-making-it-worse\">are expected to shrink\u003c/a> and become more erratic. With the pressure mounting, the inequities in the system are becoming hard to ignore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think climate change is forcing these conversations that are uncomfortable because the water’s just not there,” Marcus says. “And we need to figure out what to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+racist+past+and+hotter+future+are+testing+Western+water+like+never+before&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1983443/a-racist-past-and-hotter-future-are-testing-western-water-like-never-before","authors":["byline_science_1983443"],"categories":["science_31","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_3905","science_194","science_572","science_4417","science_539"],"featImg":"science_1983444","label":"source_science_1983443"},"science_1982147":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1982147","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1982147","score":null,"sort":[1680638339000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-snowpack-may-hold-record-amount-of-water-with-significant-flooding-possible","title":"California Snowpack May Hold Record Amount of Water, With Significant Flooding Possible","publishDate":1680638339,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Snowpack May Hold Record Amount of Water, With Significant Flooding Possible | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>California water officials reported on Monday that preliminary data showed the water contained in the state’s April snowpack is near historic levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials previewed the results after a morning measurement south of Lake Tahoe, where the snowpack exceeded 10.5 feet deep at one of California’s 260 snow measurement locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is still waiting for “snow-water equivalent” data to come in from all of those sites, but 2023 may set a historic precedent for the amount of water contained in the state’s April snowpack compared to average levels over the last 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The year 1952 holds the current high on record, at 237% of average. The report is part of a monthly winter and spring custom in the state, where 30% of water comes from melting snow that travels from the mountains down to lower elevations. California’s snowpack usually peaks in April, and the depth of snow affects the state’s water supply all year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, an exceptional number of storms from atmospheric rivers dropped enough precipitation on the state for the snowpack to significantly exceed its early April average. Just a year ago, amid drought, officials were performing the same routine on a small patch of snow that measured “maybe a couple inches,” said Sean de Guzman, manager of snow surveys and the water supply forecasting section at California’s Department of Water Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All that rain and snow has pulled most of the state out of serious drought for the time being, and shifted attention to the existential threat of flooding. In March, Gov. Gavin Newsom eased some drought restrictions. But water constraints will continue to affect certain parts of the state, even those threatened by flooding. Most of the state’s wells for monitoring groundwater are still below normal levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though we have this extraordinary snowpack, we know that the droughts are getting deeper and more frequent, and that means we have to use water efficiently, no matter what our hydrologic conditions,” said Karla Nemeth, director of the Department of Water Resources. “It is possible that … there will be simultaneously water supply challenges that come along with drought, but also water supply challenges that come along with very, very significant flooding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change will make California’s precipitation levels more extreme. Last year, April snowpack was at 35% of average. This year, statewide automated snow sensors logged April 1 snowpack at 237% of average, higher than any other year since those sensors were installed in the 1980s, the Department of Water Resources said on Monday. As it melts in the spring and summer, the huge snowpack could send a deluge of water to parts of the state already overwhelmed with flooding and the effects of recent storms. Officials are preparing for disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Central Valley, which is home to millions of people and, as a region, grows a significant amount of the country’s food, is particularly vulnerable. A lake once considered the largest body of freshwater west of the Mississippi that’s been dry for decades has returned, flooding more than 10,000 acres of farmland; Tulare Lake has reappeared in past flood years, but on Monday, the Department of Water Resources said it was forecasting record-breaking spring snowmelt in the Tulare Lake region, including upwards of 422% of average runoff in one river watershed in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Floods have already breached California levees that protect communities and farmland. California needs to devise both long-term and short-term solutions for climatic and hydrologic extremes, said José Pablo Ortiz Partida, a senior water and climate scientist at the environmental advocacy group the Union of Concerned Scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The short term is protecting those communities that are likely to get flooded,” Ortiz Partida said, adding that long-term planning should include efforts like restoring floodplains to let water flow and recharge underground supplies before it creates damage. California’s historic system of levees, dams and reservoirs controls where the state’s water is able to travel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Water Resources’ Flood Operations Center “will remain on the ready” as melting begins, said Jeremy Arrich, manager of the department’s Division of Flood Management. How quickly the snow melts and flows to lower elevations will depend on spring temperatures as well as soil conditions — saturated soil and burned soil can contribute to runoff because the ground cannot absorb water. Scientists are also concerned about further rainstorms, which could \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/why-rain-on-snow-in-the-california-mountains-worries-scientists-201742\">spur faster melting if they creep into the mountains\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on current measurements, the snowpack’s snow-water content is greatest in the central and southern Sierra. Some northern parts of the state remain in drought, as do some areas along the border with Arizona and Nevada. California has been measuring snowpack since 1910 and has added sensor-driven measurements as well as aerial snow observations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of April 1, California’s water managers shifted from monitoring snow to monitoring runoff, using data and measurements to determine when and how much water will drain into certain parts of the state. Snow surveys usually begin in January and end in April. This year, officials also plan to conduct snowpack measurements in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is truly an extraordinary moment, but we don’t get to stop and enjoy that for too long. We are absolutely very focused on public safety and flood protection,” said Nemeth. “Much more work to be done to adapt to our new climate realities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/\">Inside Climate News\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/newsletter/\">Sign up for the ICN newsletter here.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Recently wracked by drought, California is now bracing for the possibility that even more water will deluge communities already overwhelmed by floods.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846058,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":967},"headData":{"title":"California Snowpack May Hold Record Amount of Water, With Significant Flooding Possible | KQED","description":"Recently wracked by drought, California is now bracing for the possibility that even more water will deluge communities already overwhelmed by floods.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Inside Climate News","sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/profile/emma-foehringer-merchant/\">Emma Foehringer Merchant\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1982147/california-snowpack-may-hold-record-amount-of-water-with-significant-flooding-possible","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California water officials reported on Monday that preliminary data showed the water contained in the state’s April snowpack is near historic levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials previewed the results after a morning measurement south of Lake Tahoe, where the snowpack exceeded 10.5 feet deep at one of California’s 260 snow measurement locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is still waiting for “snow-water equivalent” data to come in from all of those sites, but 2023 may set a historic precedent for the amount of water contained in the state’s April snowpack compared to average levels over the last 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The year 1952 holds the current high on record, at 237% of average. The report is part of a monthly winter and spring custom in the state, where 30% of water comes from melting snow that travels from the mountains down to lower elevations. California’s snowpack usually peaks in April, and the depth of snow affects the state’s water supply all year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, an exceptional number of storms from atmospheric rivers dropped enough precipitation on the state for the snowpack to significantly exceed its early April average. Just a year ago, amid drought, officials were performing the same routine on a small patch of snow that measured “maybe a couple inches,” said Sean de Guzman, manager of snow surveys and the water supply forecasting section at California’s Department of Water Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All that rain and snow has pulled most of the state out of serious drought for the time being, and shifted attention to the existential threat of flooding. In March, Gov. Gavin Newsom eased some drought restrictions. But water constraints will continue to affect certain parts of the state, even those threatened by flooding. Most of the state’s wells for monitoring groundwater are still below normal levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though we have this extraordinary snowpack, we know that the droughts are getting deeper and more frequent, and that means we have to use water efficiently, no matter what our hydrologic conditions,” said Karla Nemeth, director of the Department of Water Resources. “It is possible that … there will be simultaneously water supply challenges that come along with drought, but also water supply challenges that come along with very, very significant flooding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change will make California’s precipitation levels more extreme. Last year, April snowpack was at 35% of average. This year, statewide automated snow sensors logged April 1 snowpack at 237% of average, higher than any other year since those sensors were installed in the 1980s, the Department of Water Resources said on Monday. As it melts in the spring and summer, the huge snowpack could send a deluge of water to parts of the state already overwhelmed with flooding and the effects of recent storms. Officials are preparing for disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Central Valley, which is home to millions of people and, as a region, grows a significant amount of the country’s food, is particularly vulnerable. A lake once considered the largest body of freshwater west of the Mississippi that’s been dry for decades has returned, flooding more than 10,000 acres of farmland; Tulare Lake has reappeared in past flood years, but on Monday, the Department of Water Resources said it was forecasting record-breaking spring snowmelt in the Tulare Lake region, including upwards of 422% of average runoff in one river watershed in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Floods have already breached California levees that protect communities and farmland. California needs to devise both long-term and short-term solutions for climatic and hydrologic extremes, said José Pablo Ortiz Partida, a senior water and climate scientist at the environmental advocacy group the Union of Concerned Scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The short term is protecting those communities that are likely to get flooded,” Ortiz Partida said, adding that long-term planning should include efforts like restoring floodplains to let water flow and recharge underground supplies before it creates damage. California’s historic system of levees, dams and reservoirs controls where the state’s water is able to travel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Water Resources’ Flood Operations Center “will remain on the ready” as melting begins, said Jeremy Arrich, manager of the department’s Division of Flood Management. How quickly the snow melts and flows to lower elevations will depend on spring temperatures as well as soil conditions — saturated soil and burned soil can contribute to runoff because the ground cannot absorb water. Scientists are also concerned about further rainstorms, which could \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/why-rain-on-snow-in-the-california-mountains-worries-scientists-201742\">spur faster melting if they creep into the mountains\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on current measurements, the snowpack’s snow-water content is greatest in the central and southern Sierra. Some northern parts of the state remain in drought, as do some areas along the border with Arizona and Nevada. California has been measuring snowpack since 1910 and has added sensor-driven measurements as well as aerial snow observations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of April 1, California’s water managers shifted from monitoring snow to monitoring runoff, using data and measurements to determine when and how much water will drain into certain parts of the state. Snow surveys usually begin in January and end in April. This year, officials also plan to conduct snowpack measurements in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is truly an extraordinary moment, but we don’t get to stop and enjoy that for too long. We are absolutely very focused on public safety and flood protection,” said Nemeth. “Much more work to be done to adapt to our new climate realities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/\">Inside Climate News\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/newsletter/\">Sign up for the ICN newsletter here.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1982147/california-snowpack-may-hold-record-amount-of-water-with-significant-flooding-possible","authors":["byline_science_1982147"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_40","science_4450","science_98"],"tags":["science_3905","science_194","science_572","science_3448","science_1462"],"featImg":"science_1982148","label":"source_science_1982147"},"science_1981943":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1981943","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1981943","score":null,"sort":[1679593948000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"3-reasons-why-californias-drought-isnt-really-over-despite-all-the-rain","title":"3 Reasons Why California's Drought Isn't Really Over, Despite All the Rain","publishDate":1679593948,"format":"standard","headTitle":"3 Reasons Why California’s Drought Isn’t Really Over, Despite All the Rain | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Ask a water expert if California’s drought is finally done, and the answers sound something like this:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes and no.” “Kind of.” “Depends what you mean by drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has been deluged by storms this winter, hit by 12 atmospheric rivers that have led to evacuation orders, rising rivers and broken levees. In some parts of the Sierra Nevada, more than \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/UCB_CSSL/status/1637893296411508736?s=20\">55 feet of snow\u003c/a> have fallen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With reservoirs filling up, many Californians are eager to put the severe, 3-year drought behind them. A major water supplier in Southern California recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.mwdh2o.com/press-releases/metropolitan-board-rescinds-emergency-conservation-mandate-imposed-on-dozens-of-communities\">lifted mandatory conservation rules\u003c/a> that limited outdoor watering. Large parts of the state are now free of drought, according to the federal government’s \u003ca href=\"https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/CurrentMap/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA\">Drought Monitor\u003c/a>, which looks at rainfall and soil moisture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in California, water shortages aren’t just due to a lack of rain, and the state’s chronic water problems are far from over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we’ve seen some pretty fantastic wet weather and we’ve seen conditions improve, in a whole lot of places we still have some lingering impacts that still challenge California,” says Mike Anderson, the state’s climatologist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Decades of drought have taken their toll, and experts say that deeper issues need to be addressed before California can be fully-drought free. Here are three reasons why:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>#1 – California’s groundwater drought is still bad\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When California’s reservoirs declined, many cities and farmers turned to another water source: vast aquifers underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In drought years, groundwater has supplied up to 60% of California’s water. But the pumping has been largely unregulated. So over the decades, water levels have fallen dramatically in California’s aquifers. Before this winter, some groundwater wells were at the lowest points ever recorded. That’s because in the Central Valley, groundwater \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2021WR030352\">hasn’t been replenished after previous droughts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Groundwater is the dark matter of the hydrologic cycle,” says Graham Fogg, professor emeritus of hydrogeology at the University of California Davis. “The fact that these are such huge volumes of water allows them to take a lot of abuse and to be depleted year after year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1981945\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1981945\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_13_ai_0432_groundwater_recharge_custom-5349d6e5a724fbfe9e15e34b9b5b1e618be5cedb-800x579.jpg\" alt=\"Flooded water on agricultural land.\" width=\"800\" height=\"579\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_13_ai_0432_groundwater_recharge_custom-5349d6e5a724fbfe9e15e34b9b5b1e618be5cedb-800x579.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_13_ai_0432_groundwater_recharge_custom-5349d6e5a724fbfe9e15e34b9b5b1e618be5cedb-1020x738.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_13_ai_0432_groundwater_recharge_custom-5349d6e5a724fbfe9e15e34b9b5b1e618be5cedb-160x116.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_13_ai_0432_groundwater_recharge_custom-5349d6e5a724fbfe9e15e34b9b5b1e618be5cedb-768x555.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_13_ai_0432_groundwater_recharge_custom-5349d6e5a724fbfe9e15e34b9b5b1e618be5cedb-1536x1111.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_13_ai_0432_groundwater_recharge_custom-5349d6e5a724fbfe9e15e34b9b5b1e618be5cedb-2048x1481.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_13_ai_0432_groundwater_recharge_custom-5349d6e5a724fbfe9e15e34b9b5b1e618be5cedb-1920x1389.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Floodwater in Fresno County, Calif., is diverted onto agricultural land, so it can seep into underground aquifers. Groundwater levels have fallen dramatically during the state’s droughts. \u003ccite>(Andrew Innerarity/California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As a result, more than 2,000 household wells went dry over the last three years in California, many in low-income communities of color. Temporary water supplies, including bottled water, had to be brought in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not out of a drought,” says Susana De Anda, executive director of the Community Water Center, an environmental justice organization in the Central Valley. “In California, the human right to water was passed in 2012. Unfortunately to this day, many Californians don’t have that reality, and it’s important to recognize that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This winter, a new effort is underway to use some of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/10/05/1037370430/water-is-scarce-in-california-but-farmers-have-found-ways-to-store-it-undergroun\">floodwaters to fill aquifers\u003c/a>. California is also in the process of implementing a new groundwater law, intended to get over-pumping under control. Water users are currently writing plans for keeping groundwater use in balance with supply, but they won’t be fully implemented until 2040.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over the years, pretty consistently, California has been using a lot more water than its surface water and groundwater system can supply,” Fogg says. “So that has to change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>#2 – California’s other water source is still in drought\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Most of California’s major cities exist today because their water is delivered from hundreds of miles away. In Southern California, that distance is thousands of miles, because the region uses water from the Colorado River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A two-decades long drought has hit the Colorado River hard, causing its massive \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/01/07/1067716380/western-megadrought-climate-lake-powell-glen-canyon-reservoir\">reservoirs, Lake Powell and Lake Mead, to plummet\u003c/a>. Climate change is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/06/09/1003424717/the-drought-in-the-western-u-s-is-getting-bad-climate-change-is-making-it-worse\">shrinking the snowpack\u003c/a> that feeds the river, and the seven states that use it have long made claim to more water than is available on average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1981946\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1981946\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_12_kj_0127_pajaro_levee_break_drone_custom-e21092fb295c9262bda0d149683b5b49a90cb4e0-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"A drone provides a view of an excavator placing large rocks to close a levee break caused by flood waters from the Pajaro River near the township of Pajaro in Monterey County, California. \" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_12_kj_0127_pajaro_levee_break_drone_custom-e21092fb295c9262bda0d149683b5b49a90cb4e0-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_12_kj_0127_pajaro_levee_break_drone_custom-e21092fb295c9262bda0d149683b5b49a90cb4e0-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_12_kj_0127_pajaro_levee_break_drone_custom-e21092fb295c9262bda0d149683b5b49a90cb4e0-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_12_kj_0127_pajaro_levee_break_drone_custom-e21092fb295c9262bda0d149683b5b49a90cb4e0-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_12_kj_0127_pajaro_levee_break_drone_custom-e21092fb295c9262bda0d149683b5b49a90cb4e0-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_12_kj_0127_pajaro_levee_break_drone_custom-e21092fb295c9262bda0d149683b5b49a90cb4e0-2048x1367.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_12_kj_0127_pajaro_levee_break_drone_custom-e21092fb295c9262bda0d149683b5b49a90cb4e0-1920x1282.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Heavy storms caused a levee to break in Pajaro, Calif., flooding nearby homes. The parade of winter storms has tested the state’s infrastructure. \u003ccite>(Ken James/California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Those states are now in emergency negotiations over cutbacks to their water supply, but are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/27/1119550028/7-states-and-federal-government-lack-direction-on-cutbacks-from-the-colorado-riv\">struggling to agree\u003c/a>. With some of the oldest water rights on the river, California has seniority and is technically last in line for cuts. But its water supply will still be impacted. Many Southern California cities have been \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/recycled-sewage-water-southern-california\">working on conserving and recycling\u003c/a> water locally, so they’re less dependent on faraway supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just have to get better at managing the more limited resources that we have there, and that means figuring out how to share a smaller pool of water than what we’ve been using up till now,” says Ellen Hanak, director of the Water Policy Center at the Public Policy Institute of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>#3 – The next drought is coming…\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Cue \u003ca href=\"https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/837403-during-the-dry-years-the-people-forgot-about-the-rich\">the John Steinbeck quote\u003c/a> – it’s easy to forget about the dry times once the rains come. But drought will return.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We always have to be ready,” Hanak says. “Drier times could come again as soon as next year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the climate gets hotter, California’s extremes \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/06/09/1003424717/the-drought-in-the-western-u-s-is-getting-bad-climate-change-is-making-it-worse\">are expected to get more extreme\u003c/a>. That means droughts will be drier, putting even greater strain on the state’s water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the last major drought ended in California in 2017, some \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/blog/are-californias-cities-conserving-enough-water/\">water conservation behavior seemed to stick\u003c/a>. Water use didn’t rebound to pre-drought levels, because some residents made lasting changes, like replacing water-hungry lawns and swapping for more efficient fixtures and appliances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, experts warn that keeping a drought-mindset can only help California weather future challenges. So there’s a risk in acting like drought is a thing of the past. Saving water now could help keep reservoirs fuller, a safe bet in a state where next year’s winter storms are never guaranteed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=3+reasons+why+California%27s+drought+isn%27t+really+over%2C+despite+all+the+rain&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California has been deluged by storms this winter, but fixing the state's severe drought will take more than rain; the state has deeper problems in how it uses water.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846071,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":1061},"headData":{"title":"3 Reasons Why California's Drought Isn't Really Over, Despite All the Rain | KQED","description":"California has been deluged by storms this winter, but fixing the state's severe drought will take more than rain; the state has deeper problems in how it uses water.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"NPR","sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"Ken James","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/803934365/lauren-sommer\">Lauren Sommer\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"California Department of Water Resources","nprStoryId":"1165378214","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1165378214&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/23/1165378214/3-reasons-why-californias-drought-isnt-really-over-despite-all-the-rain?ft=nprml&f=1165378214","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 23 Mar 2023 08:20:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 23 Mar 2023 05:03:34 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 23 Mar 2023 05:03:34 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2023/03/20230323_me_3_reasons_why_californias_drought_isnt_really_over_despite_all_the_rain.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1167&d=203&p=3&story=1165378214&ft=nprml&f=1165378214","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/11165527303-a2bcdf.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1167&d=203&p=3&story=1165378214&ft=nprml&f=1165378214","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1981943/3-reasons-why-californias-drought-isnt-really-over-despite-all-the-rain","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2023/03/20230323_me_3_reasons_why_californias_drought_isnt_really_over_despite_all_the_rain.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1167&d=203&p=3&story=1165378214&ft=nprml&f=1165378214","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ask a water expert if California’s drought is finally done, and the answers sound something like this:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes and no.” “Kind of.” “Depends what you mean by drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has been deluged by storms this winter, hit by 12 atmospheric rivers that have led to evacuation orders, rising rivers and broken levees. In some parts of the Sierra Nevada, more than \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/UCB_CSSL/status/1637893296411508736?s=20\">55 feet of snow\u003c/a> have fallen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With reservoirs filling up, many Californians are eager to put the severe, 3-year drought behind them. A major water supplier in Southern California recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.mwdh2o.com/press-releases/metropolitan-board-rescinds-emergency-conservation-mandate-imposed-on-dozens-of-communities\">lifted mandatory conservation rules\u003c/a> that limited outdoor watering. Large parts of the state are now free of drought, according to the federal government’s \u003ca href=\"https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/CurrentMap/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA\">Drought Monitor\u003c/a>, which looks at rainfall and soil moisture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in California, water shortages aren’t just due to a lack of rain, and the state’s chronic water problems are far from over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we’ve seen some pretty fantastic wet weather and we’ve seen conditions improve, in a whole lot of places we still have some lingering impacts that still challenge California,” says Mike Anderson, the state’s climatologist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Decades of drought have taken their toll, and experts say that deeper issues need to be addressed before California can be fully-drought free. Here are three reasons why:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>#1 – California’s groundwater drought is still bad\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When California’s reservoirs declined, many cities and farmers turned to another water source: vast aquifers underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In drought years, groundwater has supplied up to 60% of California’s water. But the pumping has been largely unregulated. So over the decades, water levels have fallen dramatically in California’s aquifers. Before this winter, some groundwater wells were at the lowest points ever recorded. That’s because in the Central Valley, groundwater \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2021WR030352\">hasn’t been replenished after previous droughts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Groundwater is the dark matter of the hydrologic cycle,” says Graham Fogg, professor emeritus of hydrogeology at the University of California Davis. “The fact that these are such huge volumes of water allows them to take a lot of abuse and to be depleted year after year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1981945\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1981945\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_13_ai_0432_groundwater_recharge_custom-5349d6e5a724fbfe9e15e34b9b5b1e618be5cedb-800x579.jpg\" alt=\"Flooded water on agricultural land.\" width=\"800\" height=\"579\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_13_ai_0432_groundwater_recharge_custom-5349d6e5a724fbfe9e15e34b9b5b1e618be5cedb-800x579.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_13_ai_0432_groundwater_recharge_custom-5349d6e5a724fbfe9e15e34b9b5b1e618be5cedb-1020x738.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_13_ai_0432_groundwater_recharge_custom-5349d6e5a724fbfe9e15e34b9b5b1e618be5cedb-160x116.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_13_ai_0432_groundwater_recharge_custom-5349d6e5a724fbfe9e15e34b9b5b1e618be5cedb-768x555.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_13_ai_0432_groundwater_recharge_custom-5349d6e5a724fbfe9e15e34b9b5b1e618be5cedb-1536x1111.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_13_ai_0432_groundwater_recharge_custom-5349d6e5a724fbfe9e15e34b9b5b1e618be5cedb-2048x1481.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_13_ai_0432_groundwater_recharge_custom-5349d6e5a724fbfe9e15e34b9b5b1e618be5cedb-1920x1389.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Floodwater in Fresno County, Calif., is diverted onto agricultural land, so it can seep into underground aquifers. Groundwater levels have fallen dramatically during the state’s droughts. \u003ccite>(Andrew Innerarity/California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As a result, more than 2,000 household wells went dry over the last three years in California, many in low-income communities of color. Temporary water supplies, including bottled water, had to be brought in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not out of a drought,” says Susana De Anda, executive director of the Community Water Center, an environmental justice organization in the Central Valley. “In California, the human right to water was passed in 2012. Unfortunately to this day, many Californians don’t have that reality, and it’s important to recognize that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This winter, a new effort is underway to use some of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/10/05/1037370430/water-is-scarce-in-california-but-farmers-have-found-ways-to-store-it-undergroun\">floodwaters to fill aquifers\u003c/a>. California is also in the process of implementing a new groundwater law, intended to get over-pumping under control. Water users are currently writing plans for keeping groundwater use in balance with supply, but they won’t be fully implemented until 2040.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over the years, pretty consistently, California has been using a lot more water than its surface water and groundwater system can supply,” Fogg says. “So that has to change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>#2 – California’s other water source is still in drought\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Most of California’s major cities exist today because their water is delivered from hundreds of miles away. In Southern California, that distance is thousands of miles, because the region uses water from the Colorado River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A two-decades long drought has hit the Colorado River hard, causing its massive \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/01/07/1067716380/western-megadrought-climate-lake-powell-glen-canyon-reservoir\">reservoirs, Lake Powell and Lake Mead, to plummet\u003c/a>. Climate change is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/06/09/1003424717/the-drought-in-the-western-u-s-is-getting-bad-climate-change-is-making-it-worse\">shrinking the snowpack\u003c/a> that feeds the river, and the seven states that use it have long made claim to more water than is available on average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1981946\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1981946\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_12_kj_0127_pajaro_levee_break_drone_custom-e21092fb295c9262bda0d149683b5b49a90cb4e0-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"A drone provides a view of an excavator placing large rocks to close a levee break caused by flood waters from the Pajaro River near the township of Pajaro in Monterey County, California. \" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_12_kj_0127_pajaro_levee_break_drone_custom-e21092fb295c9262bda0d149683b5b49a90cb4e0-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_12_kj_0127_pajaro_levee_break_drone_custom-e21092fb295c9262bda0d149683b5b49a90cb4e0-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_12_kj_0127_pajaro_levee_break_drone_custom-e21092fb295c9262bda0d149683b5b49a90cb4e0-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_12_kj_0127_pajaro_levee_break_drone_custom-e21092fb295c9262bda0d149683b5b49a90cb4e0-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_12_kj_0127_pajaro_levee_break_drone_custom-e21092fb295c9262bda0d149683b5b49a90cb4e0-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_12_kj_0127_pajaro_levee_break_drone_custom-e21092fb295c9262bda0d149683b5b49a90cb4e0-2048x1367.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/03/2023_03_12_kj_0127_pajaro_levee_break_drone_custom-e21092fb295c9262bda0d149683b5b49a90cb4e0-1920x1282.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Heavy storms caused a levee to break in Pajaro, Calif., flooding nearby homes. The parade of winter storms has tested the state’s infrastructure. \u003ccite>(Ken James/California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Those states are now in emergency negotiations over cutbacks to their water supply, but are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/27/1119550028/7-states-and-federal-government-lack-direction-on-cutbacks-from-the-colorado-riv\">struggling to agree\u003c/a>. With some of the oldest water rights on the river, California has seniority and is technically last in line for cuts. But its water supply will still be impacted. Many Southern California cities have been \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/recycled-sewage-water-southern-california\">working on conserving and recycling\u003c/a> water locally, so they’re less dependent on faraway supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just have to get better at managing the more limited resources that we have there, and that means figuring out how to share a smaller pool of water than what we’ve been using up till now,” says Ellen Hanak, director of the Water Policy Center at the Public Policy Institute of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>#3 – The next drought is coming…\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Cue \u003ca href=\"https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/837403-during-the-dry-years-the-people-forgot-about-the-rich\">the John Steinbeck quote\u003c/a> – it’s easy to forget about the dry times once the rains come. But drought will return.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We always have to be ready,” Hanak says. “Drier times could come again as soon as next year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the climate gets hotter, California’s extremes \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/06/09/1003424717/the-drought-in-the-western-u-s-is-getting-bad-climate-change-is-making-it-worse\">are expected to get more extreme\u003c/a>. That means droughts will be drier, putting even greater strain on the state’s water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the last major drought ended in California in 2017, some \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/blog/are-californias-cities-conserving-enough-water/\">water conservation behavior seemed to stick\u003c/a>. Water use didn’t rebound to pre-drought levels, because some residents made lasting changes, like replacing water-hungry lawns and swapping for more efficient fixtures and appliances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, experts warn that keeping a drought-mindset can only help California weather future challenges. So there’s a risk in acting like drought is a thing of the past. Saving water now could help keep reservoirs fuller, a safe bet in a state where next year’s winter storms are never guaranteed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=3+reasons+why+California%27s+drought+isn%27t+really+over%2C+despite+all+the+rain&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1981943/3-reasons-why-californias-drought-isnt-really-over-despite-all-the-rain","authors":["byline_science_1981943"],"categories":["science_31","science_40","science_4450","science_98"],"tags":["science_2227","science_194","science_572"],"featImg":"science_1981944","label":"source_science_1981943"},"science_1981241":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1981241","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1981241","score":null,"sort":[1673483687000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"heavy-rain-is-still-hitting-california-a-few-reservoirs-figured-out-how-to-capture-more-for-drought","title":"Heavy Rain Is Still Hitting California. A Few Reservoirs Figured Out How to Capture More for Drought","publishDate":1673483687,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Heavy Rain Is Still Hitting California. A Few Reservoirs Figured Out How to Capture More for Drought | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Despite several weeks of torrential rain and flooding, California is still facing a severe multi-year drought. That has many people thinking about how to better capture winter floodwaters to last through the dry season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An innovative approach at two California reservoirs could help boost the state’s water supply, potentially marking a larger shift from decades-old water management approaches to a system that can quickly adapt to precipitation in a changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At issue are rules that, at face value, seem perplexing to many Californians. Even in a chronically dry state, reservoirs are not allowed to fill up in the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the late fall and winter, most are required to release water if they get too full, sometimes emptying out almost by half. That’s because the empty space is crucial if an intense storm hits. Reservoirs collect runoff and prevent it from flooding downstream cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, in some years, reservoirs preemptively empty out with little need if no major storms materialize. That means valuable water is lost for potentially drier months ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two sites, Folsom Reservoir and Lake Mendocino, are rethinking this by using weather forecasts to guide their operations. Instead of sticking to set rules, they only empty out if a major storm is forecasted for the days ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parade of major storms that have hit California, known as atmospheric rivers, is providing a key test for these systems. Water experts say it’s showing that “\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2016/03/18/469799456/in-california-dealing-with-a-drought-and-preparing-for-a-flood\">forecast-informed” reservoir operations\u003c/a> have the potential to reshape how water is stored across the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1981243\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1981243\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-800x523.jpg\" alt=\"The NOAA Hurricane Hunters plane wing seen above clouds in the clear sky.\" width=\"800\" height=\"523\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-800x523.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-1020x667.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-768x502.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-1536x1004.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-2048x1339.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-1920x1255.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The NOAA Hurricane Hunters fly above an atmospheric river on January 9th, 2023, preparing to drop instruments into the storm to aid with weather forecasts. \u003ccite>(Rich Henning/NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We have to use every drop of water that much more effectively,” says Marty Ralph, director for the Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes at UC San Diego’s Scripps Institution of Oceanography. “There’s not much to spare, and we need to do the best we can to use that water efficiently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Making water decisions in real-time\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Most reservoirs have two jobs that are completely at odds with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the one hand, reservoirs need to be as full as possible to provide water for people and wildlife. On the other, staying empty ensures they can safely handle the runoff from major storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are huge for walking that line. If a dam is overwhelmed, potentially hundreds of thousands of people risk being flooded downstream. Stay too empty, and cities and agriculture run short of water when a drought hits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, reservoirs used fixed rules to guide those decisions, most created decades ago before human-induced climate change began fueling extreme weather. At Folsom Reservoir outside Sacramento, California, the water level could only reach 60 percent full in the winter. If more water flowed in, it had to be released. Some winters, where major storms stopped arriving, that water could have been safely stored and used later during the long, dry summer months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2016/03/18/469799456/in-california-dealing-with-a-drought-and-preparing-for-a-flood\">many years of study\u003c/a>, water managers remade that system in 2019, working with the federal Army Corps of Engineers which is responsible for flood safety. Now, the reservoir can stay 20 percent fuller in the winter, though not completely full. Then, if a major storm appears, the reservoir makes space by releasing water three to five days ahead of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Back when the dams were built, it was a pretty wise choice in my opinion not to use weather forecasts because they weren’t very good,” Ralph says. “But now with satellites and radars and models and science, there’s been a lot of improvements so it seems sensible to give it a try.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1981244\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1981244\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-800x506.jpg\" alt=\"Image shows lake level conditions surrounding Granite Bay Main Beach at Folsom Lake in Placer County, California.\" width=\"800\" height=\"506\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-800x506.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-1020x646.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-160x101.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-768x486.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-1536x972.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-2048x1296.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-1920x1215.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">By using flexible rules, Folsom Lake outside Sacramento, California could hold onto 20 percent more water by the summer, helping the state with its severe drought. \u003ccite>(Kenneth James/California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The key is spotting atmospheric rivers, massive plumes of moisture that stretch hundreds of miles across the Pacific. Predicting where they’ll land in California is crucial for forecasting how much runoff a reservoir will see. The relentless storms hitting the state this winter means water managers are continually recalibrating how much water Folsom Reservoir can hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re constantly rerunning these ensemble forecasts for river flows,” says Drew Lessard, who manages Folsom Reservoir at the Central California office of the Bureau of Reclamation. “So it’s working as intended, but it’s certainly pretty dynamic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Other Western reservoirs looking at dynamic methods\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Closer to the Bay Area, Lake Mendocino is \u003ca href=\"https://www.sonomawater.org/firo\">also using forecast-informed operations\u003c/a>. A handful of other California reservoirs are in the process of studying it as well. The federal Bureau of Reclamation, the largest provider of water for utilities in the country, says it’s looking into other places where it might be a good fit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The climate is changing, hydrology is changing, weather patterns are changing,” says David Raff, chief engineer at the Bureau of Reclamation. “In addition to that, the demand for water is increasing in the Western United States. When you put those things together, there is a significant interest to optimize operations in all of our reservoirs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The method may not be a good fit in all Western reservoirs, however. Some are affected by other weather patterns or melting snow that’s harder to predict than California’s weather. Other reservoirs, like on the Colorado River, have the capacity to hold so much water that releasing water during the flood season isn’t much of an issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water experts say as the climate gets hotter, Western water managers will need to use real-time data to be more responsive to the changing conditions. California is expected to see more “weather whiplash,” the abrupt swings from extreme dry periods to extreme floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Longer droughts, deeper droughts and bigger storms between them,” Ralph says. “That’s what Mother Nature is going to deliver us under a warmer climate. So we need to prepare. There’s a lot at stake and these are methods that could really help us with climate adaptation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Heavy+rain+is+still+hitting+California.+A+few+reservoirs+figured+out+how+to+capture+more+for+drought&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Decades-old rules mean most reservoirs aren't allowed to fill up in the winter. A new approach using weather forecasts is helping some save more water to help with California's drought.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846116,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1075},"headData":{"title":"Heavy Rain Is Still Hitting California. A Few Reservoirs Figured Out How to Capture More for Drought | KQED","description":"Decades-old rules mean most reservoirs aren't allowed to fill up in the winter. A new approach using weather forecasts is helping some save more water to help with California's drought.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"NPR","sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"Ken James","nprByline":"Lauren Sommer\u003cbr> NPR","nprImageAgency":"California Department of Water Resources","nprStoryId":"1148421818","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1148421818&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/11/1148421818/heavy-rain-is-still-hitting-california-a-few-reservoirs-figured-out-how-to-captu?ft=nprml&f=1148421818","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 11 Jan 2023 17:46:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 11 Jan 2023 17:11:35 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 11 Jan 2023 17:11:35 -0500","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2023/01/20230111_atc_heavy_rain_is_still_hitting_california_a_few_reservoirs_figured_out_how_to_capture_more_for_drought.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1167&d=276&p=2&story=1148421818&ft=nprml&f=1148421818","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/11148488998-53cc07.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1167&d=276&p=2&story=1148421818&ft=nprml&f=1148421818","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1981241/heavy-rain-is-still-hitting-california-a-few-reservoirs-figured-out-how-to-capture-more-for-drought","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2023/01/20230111_atc_heavy_rain_is_still_hitting_california_a_few_reservoirs_figured_out_how_to_capture_more_for_drought.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1167&d=276&p=2&story=1148421818&ft=nprml&f=1148421818","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Despite several weeks of torrential rain and flooding, California is still facing a severe multi-year drought. That has many people thinking about how to better capture winter floodwaters to last through the dry season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An innovative approach at two California reservoirs could help boost the state’s water supply, potentially marking a larger shift from decades-old water management approaches to a system that can quickly adapt to precipitation in a changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At issue are rules that, at face value, seem perplexing to many Californians. Even in a chronically dry state, reservoirs are not allowed to fill up in the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the late fall and winter, most are required to release water if they get too full, sometimes emptying out almost by half. That’s because the empty space is crucial if an intense storm hits. Reservoirs collect runoff and prevent it from flooding downstream cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, in some years, reservoirs preemptively empty out with little need if no major storms materialize. That means valuable water is lost for potentially drier months ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two sites, Folsom Reservoir and Lake Mendocino, are rethinking this by using weather forecasts to guide their operations. Instead of sticking to set rules, they only empty out if a major storm is forecasted for the days ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parade of major storms that have hit California, known as atmospheric rivers, is providing a key test for these systems. Water experts say it’s showing that “\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2016/03/18/469799456/in-california-dealing-with-a-drought-and-preparing-for-a-flood\">forecast-informed” reservoir operations\u003c/a> have the potential to reshape how water is stored across the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1981243\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1981243\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-800x523.jpg\" alt=\"The NOAA Hurricane Hunters plane wing seen above clouds in the clear sky.\" width=\"800\" height=\"523\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-800x523.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-1020x667.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-768x502.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-1536x1004.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-2048x1339.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/view-from-g-iv-flying-over-ar-system-during-mission-010923-credit-rich-henning-noaa_custom-87334cc6caa619682ee57703124d39d5e27efe25-1920x1255.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The NOAA Hurricane Hunters fly above an atmospheric river on January 9th, 2023, preparing to drop instruments into the storm to aid with weather forecasts. \u003ccite>(Rich Henning/NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We have to use every drop of water that much more effectively,” says Marty Ralph, director for the Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes at UC San Diego’s Scripps Institution of Oceanography. “There’s not much to spare, and we need to do the best we can to use that water efficiently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Making water decisions in real-time\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Most reservoirs have two jobs that are completely at odds with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the one hand, reservoirs need to be as full as possible to provide water for people and wildlife. On the other, staying empty ensures they can safely handle the runoff from major storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are huge for walking that line. If a dam is overwhelmed, potentially hundreds of thousands of people risk being flooded downstream. Stay too empty, and cities and agriculture run short of water when a drought hits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, reservoirs used fixed rules to guide those decisions, most created decades ago before human-induced climate change began fueling extreme weather. At Folsom Reservoir outside Sacramento, California, the water level could only reach 60 percent full in the winter. If more water flowed in, it had to be released. Some winters, where major storms stopped arriving, that water could have been safely stored and used later during the long, dry summer months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2016/03/18/469799456/in-california-dealing-with-a-drought-and-preparing-for-a-flood\">many years of study\u003c/a>, water managers remade that system in 2019, working with the federal Army Corps of Engineers which is responsible for flood safety. Now, the reservoir can stay 20 percent fuller in the winter, though not completely full. Then, if a major storm appears, the reservoir makes space by releasing water three to five days ahead of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Back when the dams were built, it was a pretty wise choice in my opinion not to use weather forecasts because they weren’t very good,” Ralph says. “But now with satellites and radars and models and science, there’s been a lot of improvements so it seems sensible to give it a try.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1981244\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1981244\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-800x506.jpg\" alt=\"Image shows lake level conditions surrounding Granite Bay Main Beach at Folsom Lake in Placer County, California.\" width=\"800\" height=\"506\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-800x506.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-1020x646.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-160x101.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-768x486.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-1536x972.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-2048x1296.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/01/2023_01_06_kj_0080_folsom_lake_custom-fe2aefafcdbe3180e688c7e4f59b5a32bcfea412-1920x1215.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">By using flexible rules, Folsom Lake outside Sacramento, California could hold onto 20 percent more water by the summer, helping the state with its severe drought. \u003ccite>(Kenneth James/California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The key is spotting atmospheric rivers, massive plumes of moisture that stretch hundreds of miles across the Pacific. Predicting where they’ll land in California is crucial for forecasting how much runoff a reservoir will see. The relentless storms hitting the state this winter means water managers are continually recalibrating how much water Folsom Reservoir can hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re constantly rerunning these ensemble forecasts for river flows,” says Drew Lessard, who manages Folsom Reservoir at the Central California office of the Bureau of Reclamation. “So it’s working as intended, but it’s certainly pretty dynamic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Other Western reservoirs looking at dynamic methods\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Closer to the Bay Area, Lake Mendocino is \u003ca href=\"https://www.sonomawater.org/firo\">also using forecast-informed operations\u003c/a>. A handful of other California reservoirs are in the process of studying it as well. The federal Bureau of Reclamation, the largest provider of water for utilities in the country, says it’s looking into other places where it might be a good fit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The climate is changing, hydrology is changing, weather patterns are changing,” says David Raff, chief engineer at the Bureau of Reclamation. “In addition to that, the demand for water is increasing in the Western United States. When you put those things together, there is a significant interest to optimize operations in all of our reservoirs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The method may not be a good fit in all Western reservoirs, however. Some are affected by other weather patterns or melting snow that’s harder to predict than California’s weather. Other reservoirs, like on the Colorado River, have the capacity to hold so much water that releasing water during the flood season isn’t much of an issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water experts say as the climate gets hotter, Western water managers will need to use real-time data to be more responsive to the changing conditions. California is expected to see more “weather whiplash,” the abrupt swings from extreme dry periods to extreme floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Longer droughts, deeper droughts and bigger storms between them,” Ralph says. “That’s what Mother Nature is going to deliver us under a warmer climate. So we need to prepare. There’s a lot at stake and these are methods that could really help us with climate adaptation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Heavy+rain+is+still+hitting+California.+A+few+reservoirs+figured+out+how+to+capture+more+for+drought&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1981241/heavy-rain-is-still-hitting-california-a-few-reservoirs-figured-out-how-to-capture-more-for-drought","authors":["byline_science_1981241"],"categories":["science_31","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_2227","science_1622","science_182","science_194","science_572","science_539","science_201"],"featImg":"science_1981242","label":"source_science_1981241"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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