After a Dry February, Hoping for Some March Moisture
California’s Biggest Water Guzzler is Someone in Bel Air
Which Bay Area Communities Are Doing Best at Conserving Water?
California's Vanishing Clouds Could Intensify Drought
State Passes Historic Water Conservation Rules
Amid California’s Drought, Should Cemeteries Stay Green?
Getting Hot in Here: The Beat of California's Four-Year Drought
'Ridiculous Ridge' May Be Back to Prolong California Drought
Drought-Stressed Crops May Be Better For You
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He was chosen for a spring 2017 residency at the Mesa Refuge to advance his research on California salmon.\r\n\r\nEmail Dan at: \u003ca href=\"mailto:dbrekke@kqed.org\">dbrekke@kqed.org\u003c/a>\r\n\r\n\u003cstrong>Twitter:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/danbrekke\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">twitter.com/danbrekke\u003c/a>\r\n\u003cstrong>Facebook:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/danbrekke\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.facebook.com/danbrekke\u003c/a>\r\n\u003cstrong>LinkedIn:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/danbrekke\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.linkedin.com/in/danbrekke\u003c/a>","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8126230345efca3f7aa89b1a402be45?s=600&d=mm&r=g","twitter":"danbrekke","facebook":null,"instagram":"https://www.instagram.com/dan.brekke/","linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/danbrekke/","sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["administrator","create_posts"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"food","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"liveblog","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Dan Brekke | KQED","description":"KQED Editor and Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8126230345efca3f7aa89b1a402be45?s=600&d=mm&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8126230345efca3f7aa89b1a402be45?s=600&d=mm&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/danbrekke"},"sasha-khokha":{"type":"authors","id":"254","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"254","found":true},"name":"Sasha Khokha","firstName":"Sasha","lastName":"Khokha","slug":"sasha-khokha","email":"skhokha@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"Host, The California Report Magazine","bio":"Sasha Khokha is the host of \u003cem>The California Report's \u003c/em> weekly magazine program, which takes listeners on sound-rich excursions to meet the people that make the Golden State unique -- through audio documentaries and long-form stories. As \u003cem>The California Report's\u003c/em> Central Valley Bureau Chief based in Fresno for nearly a dozen years, Sasha brought the lives and concerns of rural Californians to listeners around the state. Her reporting helped expose the hidden price immigrant women janitors and farmworkers may pay to keep their jobs: sexual assault at work. It inspired two new California laws to protect them from sexual harassment. She was a key member of the reporting team for the Frontline film \u003cem>Rape on the Night Shift, \u003c/em>which was nominated for two national Emmys. Sasha has also won a national Edward R. Murrow and a national PRNDI award for investigative reporting, as well as multiple prizes from the Society for Professional Journalists. 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Before that, he worked at Nashville Public Radio for six years. He’s gathered tape for The New York Times, contributed to a growing list of podcasts, and done national features for NPR on everything from bats to meningitis. He tweets at @hellodanpo.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/59396b9ad9c672dd4cd1d3e453425f12?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"hellodanpo","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Daniel Potter | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/59396b9ad9c672dd4cd1d3e453425f12?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/59396b9ad9c672dd4cd1d3e453425f12?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/dpotter"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"science_549355":{"type":"posts","id":"science_549355","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"549355","score":null,"sort":[1456448806000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"after-a-dry-february-hoping-for-some-march-moisture","title":"After a Dry February, Hoping for Some March Moisture","publishDate":1456448806,"format":"standard","headTitle":"After a Dry February, Hoping for Some March Moisture | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan>Y\u003c/span>ou wouldn’t know it from looking at the sky, of course, but our rainy season isn’t over. One sure sign is the appearance of \u003ca target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/drought/ci_29548644/el-nino-summer-drought-rules-likely-continue-unless\">news stories\u003c/a> telling us that, despite the fact the Bay Area has gotten a small fraction of its average rainfall during what’s typically the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/25/february-weather-california-march-outlook\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" id=\"rssmi_more\">Read More …\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/25/february-weather-california-march-outlook\" target=\"_self\" title=\"After a Dry February, Hoping for Some March Moisture\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Newsfix – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704930569,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":63},"headData":{"title":"After a Dry February, Hoping for Some March Moisture | KQED","description":"You wouldn't know it from looking at the sky, of course, but our rainy season isn't over. One sure sign is the appearance of news stories telling us that, despite the fact the Bay Area has gotten a small fraction of its average rainfall during what's typically the Read More ... Source:: Newsfix – Science","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"redirect":{"type":"external","url":"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/25/february-weather-california-march-outlook"},"rssmiSourceLink":"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/25/february-weather-california-march-outlook","sticky":false,"path":"/science/549355/after-a-dry-february-hoping-for-some-march-moisture","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan>Y\u003c/span>ou wouldn’t know it from looking at the sky, of course, but our rainy season isn’t over. One sure sign is the appearance of \u003ca target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/drought/ci_29548644/el-nino-summer-drought-rules-likely-continue-unless\">news stories\u003c/a> telling us that, despite the fact the Bay Area has gotten a small fraction of its average rainfall during what’s typically the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/25/february-weather-california-march-outlook\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" id=\"rssmi_more\">Read More …\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/25/february-weather-california-march-outlook\" target=\"_self\" title=\"After a Dry February, Hoping for Some March Moisture\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Newsfix – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/25/february-weather-california-march-outlook","authors":["222"],"categories":["science_35"],"tags":["science_1879"],"featImg":"science_549356","label":"science"},"science_286174":{"type":"posts","id":"science_286174","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"286174","score":null,"sort":[1443731517000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californias-biggest-water-guzzler-is-someone-in-bel-air","title":"California’s Biggest Water Guzzler is Someone in Bel Air","publishDate":1443731517,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California’s Biggest Water Guzzler is Someone in Bel Air | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>In the midst of a searing drought, one home in the exclusive West Los Angeles neighborhood of Bel Air used an astonishing 11.8 million gallons of water in one year – enough for 90 households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lushly landscaped, mansion-studded enclave of wealth and celebrity, Bel Air has been home to Michael Jackson, Jennifer Aniston and even former President Ronald Reagan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, according to records obtained by Reveal, Bel Air has another distinction: Its 90077 ZIP code is also home to the biggest known residential water customer in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Los Angeles won’t identify this mega-user, whose water bill for the 12 months ending April 1 likely topped $90,000, according to the Department of Water and Power’s rate structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor has the city taken any steps to stop this customer – or scores of other mega-users – from pumping enormous quantities of water during a statewide crisis now in its fourth year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the same story throughout urban California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/the-wet-prince-of-bel-air-who-is-californias-biggest-water-guzzler/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read the rest of the story at Reveal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In the midst of a searing drought, one home in West Los Angeles used enough water in one year for 90 households.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704931241,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":185},"headData":{"title":"California’s Biggest Water Guzzler is Someone in Bel Air | KQED","description":"In the midst of a searing drought, one home in West Los Angeles used enough water in one year for 90 households.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"Lance Williams and Katharine Mieszkowski\u003cbr>Reveal","path":"/science/286174/californias-biggest-water-guzzler-is-someone-in-bel-air","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the midst of a searing drought, one home in the exclusive West Los Angeles neighborhood of Bel Air used an astonishing 11.8 million gallons of water in one year – enough for 90 households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lushly landscaped, mansion-studded enclave of wealth and celebrity, Bel Air has been home to Michael Jackson, Jennifer Aniston and even former President Ronald Reagan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, according to records obtained by Reveal, Bel Air has another distinction: Its 90077 ZIP code is also home to the biggest known residential water customer in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Los Angeles won’t identify this mega-user, whose water bill for the 12 months ending April 1 likely topped $90,000, according to the Department of Water and Power’s rate structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor has the city taken any steps to stop this customer – or scores of other mega-users – from pumping enormous quantities of water during a statewide crisis now in its fourth year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the same story throughout urban California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/the-wet-prince-of-bel-air-who-is-californias-biggest-water-guzzler/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read the rest of the story at Reveal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/286174/californias-biggest-water-guzzler-is-someone-in-bel-air","authors":["byline_science_286174"],"categories":["science_98"],"tags":["science_1622","science_572","science_1879"],"featImg":"science_219069","label":"science"},"science_286444":{"type":"posts","id":"science_286444","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"286444","score":null,"sort":[1443729253000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-exceeds-water-savings-goal-again-in-august","title":"Which Bay Area Communities Are Doing Best at Conserving Water?","publishDate":1443729253,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Which Bay Area Communities Are Doing Best at Conserving Water? | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Urban Californians used 27 percent less water in August than they did in the same month in 2013, the State Water Resources Control Board said today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”yQDEv00Sky3Hl4kB7DIBUvJHa83WeuZe”]That’s the third straight month that local water suppliers have exceeded Gov. Jerry Brown’s mandate of a 25 percent reduction in water use since the order went into effect in June. And it puts the state’s cumulative reduction at almost 29 percent, and half-way to meeting the goal of 1.2 million acre-feet of water savings by February 2016. An acre-foot is the rough equivalent of a football field covered with one foot of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Locally, Menlo Park has racked up the second-largest percentage of urban water savings in the entire state: 49.5 percent since the governor’s order has gone into effect. The city also leads all Bay Area water suppliers in terms of saving a larger percentage than mandated by the state. (The water board established different \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/docs/emergency_regulations/supplier_tiers_20150428.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tiers for the reductions that local water agencies must reach\u003c/a>. Those different levels depend on how much water local residents had been using on a per-capita basis.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Top reductions over mandate in Bay Area\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ctable>\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Menlo Park\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>31.5 % better than mandate\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Dublin San Ramon\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>31.2 % better than mandate\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Hayward\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>26 % better than mandate\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>North Coast County Water District (Pacifica)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>24.6 % better than mandate\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Redwood City\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>24.5 % better than mandate\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003cp>Way to go, parsimonious Bay Area water users. Now maybe you need to send a delegation \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/10/01/californias-biggest-water-guzzler-is-someone-in-bel-air/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Big Three water suppliers in the region — EBMUD, San Jose Water Company, and San Francisco PUC — have achieved 13.6 percent, 16.5 percent and 8.3 percent better than quota, respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the state’s overall savings rate in August dipped from July’s record 31 percent. And officials continue to pound home the theme that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/01/drought-myth-busting-why-el-nino-wont-save-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nobody should count on the water god named El Niño\u003c/a> to soak us out of this historic drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s still hot across the state and we still have a long way to go, El Niño or not,” said State Water Resources Control Board Chairwoman Felicia Marcus. “California’s water deficit is a year’s worth of precipitation. One wet winter, even if we get a wet winter, is not going to erase that deficit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/226664235″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She urged Californians to keep conserving, “We’re still on the better safe than sorry plan,” she said, adding that “El Niño -will-save-us stories” in the media last year “really sank us in terms of saving a lot of water that we could have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>August also saw a decrease in water suppliers who are meeting the conservation goal set for them by the state. Of the 406 water suppliers submitting reports for August, 291 or 72 percent were within 1 percent of their mandated standard.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Californians in August again exceeded the state's target for water reductions. Some Bay Area communities are near the head of the conservation pack. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704931243,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":559},"headData":{"title":"Which Bay Area Communities Are Doing Best at Conserving Water? | KQED","description":"Californians in August again exceeded the state's target for water reductions. Some Bay Area communities are near the head of the conservation pack. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/286444/california-exceeds-water-savings-goal-again-in-august","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Urban Californians used 27 percent less water in August than they did in the same month in 2013, the State Water Resources Control Board said today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>That’s the third straight month that local water suppliers have exceeded Gov. Jerry Brown’s mandate of a 25 percent reduction in water use since the order went into effect in June. And it puts the state’s cumulative reduction at almost 29 percent, and half-way to meeting the goal of 1.2 million acre-feet of water savings by February 2016. An acre-foot is the rough equivalent of a football field covered with one foot of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Locally, Menlo Park has racked up the second-largest percentage of urban water savings in the entire state: 49.5 percent since the governor’s order has gone into effect. The city also leads all Bay Area water suppliers in terms of saving a larger percentage than mandated by the state. (The water board established different \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/docs/emergency_regulations/supplier_tiers_20150428.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tiers for the reductions that local water agencies must reach\u003c/a>. Those different levels depend on how much water local residents had been using on a per-capita basis.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Top reductions over mandate in Bay Area\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ctable>\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Menlo Park\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>31.5 % better than mandate\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Dublin San Ramon\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>31.2 % better than mandate\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Hayward\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>26 % better than mandate\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>North Coast County Water District (Pacifica)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>24.6 % better than mandate\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Redwood City\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>24.5 % better than mandate\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003cp>Way to go, parsimonious Bay Area water users. Now maybe you need to send a delegation \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/10/01/californias-biggest-water-guzzler-is-someone-in-bel-air/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Big Three water suppliers in the region — EBMUD, San Jose Water Company, and San Francisco PUC — have achieved 13.6 percent, 16.5 percent and 8.3 percent better than quota, respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the state’s overall savings rate in August dipped from July’s record 31 percent. And officials continue to pound home the theme that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/01/drought-myth-busting-why-el-nino-wont-save-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nobody should count on the water god named El Niño\u003c/a> to soak us out of this historic drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s still hot across the state and we still have a long way to go, El Niño or not,” said State Water Resources Control Board Chairwoman Felicia Marcus. “California’s water deficit is a year’s worth of precipitation. One wet winter, even if we get a wet winter, is not going to erase that deficit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/226664235″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/226664235″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She urged Californians to keep conserving, “We’re still on the better safe than sorry plan,” she said, adding that “El Niño -will-save-us stories” in the media last year “really sank us in terms of saving a lot of water that we could have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>August also saw a decrease in water suppliers who are meeting the conservation goal set for them by the state. Of the 406 water suppliers submitting reports for August, 291 or 72 percent were within 1 percent of their mandated standard.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/286444/california-exceeds-water-savings-goal-again-in-august","authors":["80"],"categories":["science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_1622","science_572","science_1879"],"featImg":"science_23847","label":"science"},"science_30816":{"type":"posts","id":"science_30816","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"30816","score":null,"sort":[1433768413000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californias-vanishing-clouds-could-intensify-drought","title":"California's Vanishing Clouds Could Intensify Drought","publishDate":1433768413,"format":"image","headTitle":"California’s Vanishing Clouds Could Intensify Drought | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1151,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Fog season is with us once again. And whether it’s the ground-level “pea soup” of legend or the looming overcast known as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/ocean/marine.htm\">marine layer\u003c/a>, there’s a reason it’s called \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/06/08/making-sense-of-san-franciscos-bone-chilling-summertime-fog/\">California’s natural air-conditioning\u003c/a>: fog and clouds are vital cogs in keeping the coastal thermostat turned down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that advantage could be disappearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED Science Editor Craig Miller talks with climate scientist \u003ca href=\"http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/user/williams\">Park Williams\u003c/a> about his recently \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015GL063266/abstract\">published work\u003c/a> on California’s vanishing clouds. Williams is an assistant research professor at Columbia University’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/\">Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory\u003c/a> in New York, but the gray mantle of the California’s summer coastline keeps drawing him back here — and it’s not just the romance of it. It turns out that fog — any kind of cloud, actually — is a great regulator not just of heat, but of drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/06/20150608ScienceFog.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Park Williams:\u003c/strong> Yeah, fog regulates drought. It does it in a couple of ways. In ecosystems, fog drops water directly on plants. And when the water collects on the plants, it then drops into the soil and is available for the plants to use. Fog, and clouds that are higher than fog, also shade the sun, and that allows plants more time to use the water they’ve collected from the fog. In cities, fog and clouds that are higher than fog — overcast clouds — are important as well, because they regulate surface temps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Craig Miller:\u003c/strong> And it seems like cities are where the problem is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PW:\u003c/strong> We looked at Southern California and found that in large cities — L.A. and San Diego — the heights of low clouds during summertime have been increasing; they’ve been rising away from the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CM:\u003c/strong> Why would that be?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PW:\u003c/strong> Cities have been warming, and essentially you need to go higher into the atmosphere before you finally get to where it’s cool enough to have water droplets condense and clouds can form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CM:\u003c/strong> This is sounding like the “urban heat island” effect at work here. Is there a smoking gun for that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32640\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/1024px-San_francisco_in_fog_with_rays.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-32640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/1024px-San_francisco_in_fog_with_rays-800x859.jpg\" alt=\"Fog settles over San Francisco Bay, with the Golden Gate Bridge, Coit Tower and Bay Bridge visible in the distance. (Brocken Inaglory/Wikimedia Commons)\" width=\"800\" height=\"859\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/1024px-San_francisco_in_fog_with_rays-800x859.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/1024px-San_francisco_in_fog_with_rays-400x430.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/1024px-San_francisco_in_fog_with_rays-960x1031.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/1024px-San_francisco_in_fog_with_rays.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fog settles over San Francisco Bay, with the Golden Gate Bridge, Coit Tower and Bay Bridge visible in the distance. (Brocken Inaglory/Wikimedia Commons) \u003ccite>(Brocken Inaglory/Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PW:\u003c/strong> The minimum temperature at night has been rising rapidly. During the daytime we’ve seen slow warming, but not nearly at the pace that nighttime warming is. That’s the fingerprint of the urban heat island that we expect. The urban heat island effect really is a nighttime phenomenon because cement takes a long time to get rid of its heat, and that causes nighttime temperatures to rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CM:\u003c/strong> And where urbanization reaches inland, like, say, the Inland Empire region east of L.A., this phenomenon seems to follow. For example, looking at readings from airports, you found there’s 87 percent less fog in Ontario since 1950, and that overall cloud cover — technically the “frequency” of clouds — has been reduced by about half. That’s stunning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PW:\u003c/strong> That means Ontario is getting a lot more sunlight in the morning hours, which is then feeding back to heat up Ontario and make clouds less likely in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CM:\u003c/strong> You’re describing a kind of vicious cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PW:\u003c/strong> Clouds will become thinner over Los Angeles. That allows more sunlight to be absorbed by the ground, which causes more surface heat, which causes clouds to have to form higher up, which causes clouds to be thinner, which perpetuates this process of more sunlight, higher clouds — and eventually more sunlight, no clouds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CM:\u003c/strong> But you don’t foresee fog and overcast vanishing everywhere along the coast, only in the most urbanized areas?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PW:\u003c/strong> It depends on where you are. Since these fog and low marine clouds during the summer are regulators of drought, and since global warming is projected to enhance drought in much of California, these clouds could be very nice moderators of the global warming process and increased drought in coastal California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CM:\u003c/strong> But in the cities …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PW:\u003c/strong> Then we see basically the moderating effect of these clouds probably getting canceled out, and rapid increases of drought in the mountain ecosystems surrounding the cities of Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=19c09UgIB-4&feature=youtu.be\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CM:\u003c/strong> It sounds like when you get north into the coast redwoods, which are so dependent on the fog, the prognosis isn’t so bad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PW:\u003c/strong> I think it’s not so bad. We’ll have to wait and see. Certainly these clouds are complicated and there are aspects to them we still don’t understand so well. We’ve had a tough time getting computers to actually model the behavior of these clouds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CM:\u003c/strong> It makes you wonder if we might come to miss the June Gloom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PW:\u003c/strong> I think the ways it’ll be missed are — energy bills rise because everything’s warmer, heat waves will be warmer and that’ll have some public health implications. But there’ll be benefits, too. People like going to beach when it’s sunny and not cloudy, so June Gloom gets in the way of family vacations. It’ll be nice to have better beach weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CM:\u003c/strong> I’d call that a silver lining except I think you need a cloud for that.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Fog and clouds are vital in keeping coastal temperatures down. But that benefit could be disappearing.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704931715,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":942},"headData":{"title":"California's Vanishing Clouds Could Intensify Drought | KQED","description":"Fog and clouds are vital in keeping coastal temperatures down. But that benefit could be disappearing.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/30816/californias-vanishing-clouds-could-intensify-drought","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/06/20150608ScienceFog.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Fog season is with us once again. And whether it’s the ground-level “pea soup” of legend or the looming overcast known as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/ocean/marine.htm\">marine layer\u003c/a>, there’s a reason it’s called \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/06/08/making-sense-of-san-franciscos-bone-chilling-summertime-fog/\">California’s natural air-conditioning\u003c/a>: fog and clouds are vital cogs in keeping the coastal thermostat turned down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that advantage could be disappearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED Science Editor Craig Miller talks with climate scientist \u003ca href=\"http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/user/williams\">Park Williams\u003c/a> about his recently \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015GL063266/abstract\">published work\u003c/a> on California’s vanishing clouds. Williams is an assistant research professor at Columbia University’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/\">Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory\u003c/a> in New York, but the gray mantle of the California’s summer coastline keeps drawing him back here — and it’s not just the romance of it. It turns out that fog — any kind of cloud, actually — is a great regulator not just of heat, but of drought.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/06/20150608ScienceFog.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Park Williams:\u003c/strong> Yeah, fog regulates drought. It does it in a couple of ways. In ecosystems, fog drops water directly on plants. And when the water collects on the plants, it then drops into the soil and is available for the plants to use. Fog, and clouds that are higher than fog, also shade the sun, and that allows plants more time to use the water they’ve collected from the fog. In cities, fog and clouds that are higher than fog — overcast clouds — are important as well, because they regulate surface temps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Craig Miller:\u003c/strong> And it seems like cities are where the problem is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PW:\u003c/strong> We looked at Southern California and found that in large cities — L.A. and San Diego — the heights of low clouds during summertime have been increasing; they’ve been rising away from the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CM:\u003c/strong> Why would that be?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PW:\u003c/strong> Cities have been warming, and essentially you need to go higher into the atmosphere before you finally get to where it’s cool enough to have water droplets condense and clouds can form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CM:\u003c/strong> This is sounding like the “urban heat island” effect at work here. Is there a smoking gun for that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32640\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/1024px-San_francisco_in_fog_with_rays.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-32640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/1024px-San_francisco_in_fog_with_rays-800x859.jpg\" alt=\"Fog settles over San Francisco Bay, with the Golden Gate Bridge, Coit Tower and Bay Bridge visible in the distance. (Brocken Inaglory/Wikimedia Commons)\" width=\"800\" height=\"859\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/1024px-San_francisco_in_fog_with_rays-800x859.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/1024px-San_francisco_in_fog_with_rays-400x430.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/1024px-San_francisco_in_fog_with_rays-960x1031.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/1024px-San_francisco_in_fog_with_rays.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fog settles over San Francisco Bay, with the Golden Gate Bridge, Coit Tower and Bay Bridge visible in the distance. (Brocken Inaglory/Wikimedia Commons) \u003ccite>(Brocken Inaglory/Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PW:\u003c/strong> The minimum temperature at night has been rising rapidly. During the daytime we’ve seen slow warming, but not nearly at the pace that nighttime warming is. That’s the fingerprint of the urban heat island that we expect. The urban heat island effect really is a nighttime phenomenon because cement takes a long time to get rid of its heat, and that causes nighttime temperatures to rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CM:\u003c/strong> And where urbanization reaches inland, like, say, the Inland Empire region east of L.A., this phenomenon seems to follow. For example, looking at readings from airports, you found there’s 87 percent less fog in Ontario since 1950, and that overall cloud cover — technically the “frequency” of clouds — has been reduced by about half. That’s stunning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PW:\u003c/strong> That means Ontario is getting a lot more sunlight in the morning hours, which is then feeding back to heat up Ontario and make clouds less likely in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CM:\u003c/strong> You’re describing a kind of vicious cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PW:\u003c/strong> Clouds will become thinner over Los Angeles. That allows more sunlight to be absorbed by the ground, which causes more surface heat, which causes clouds to have to form higher up, which causes clouds to be thinner, which perpetuates this process of more sunlight, higher clouds — and eventually more sunlight, no clouds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CM:\u003c/strong> But you don’t foresee fog and overcast vanishing everywhere along the coast, only in the most urbanized areas?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PW:\u003c/strong> It depends on where you are. Since these fog and low marine clouds during the summer are regulators of drought, and since global warming is projected to enhance drought in much of California, these clouds could be very nice moderators of the global warming process and increased drought in coastal California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CM:\u003c/strong> But in the cities …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PW:\u003c/strong> Then we see basically the moderating effect of these clouds probably getting canceled out, and rapid increases of drought in the mountain ecosystems surrounding the cities of Southern California.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/19c09UgIB-4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/19c09UgIB-4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CM:\u003c/strong> It sounds like when you get north into the coast redwoods, which are so dependent on the fog, the prognosis isn’t so bad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PW:\u003c/strong> I think it’s not so bad. We’ll have to wait and see. Certainly these clouds are complicated and there are aspects to them we still don’t understand so well. We’ve had a tough time getting computers to actually model the behavior of these clouds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CM:\u003c/strong> It makes you wonder if we might come to miss the June Gloom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PW:\u003c/strong> I think the ways it’ll be missed are — energy bills rise because everything’s warmer, heat waves will be warmer and that’ll have some public health implications. But there’ll be benefits, too. People like going to beach when it’s sunny and not cloudy, so June Gloom gets in the way of family vacations. It’ll be nice to have better beach weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CM:\u003c/strong> I’d call that a silver lining except I think you need a cloud for that.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/30816/californias-vanishing-clouds-could-intensify-drought","authors":["221"],"series":["science_1151"],"categories":["science_46","science_31","science_40"],"tags":["science_1622","science_1879"],"featImg":"science_32639","label":"science_1151"},"science_29945":{"type":"posts","id":"science_29945","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"29945","score":null,"sort":[1430744419000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"state-passes-historic-water-conservation-rules","title":"State Passes Historic Water Conservation Rules","publishDate":1430744419,"format":"aside","headTitle":"State Passes Historic Water Conservation Rules | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1151,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/05/20150504science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29943\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 3264px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/IMG_2962.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29943\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/IMG_2962.jpg\" alt=\"A lush lawn may be part of the American Dream--and the new California nightmare. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"3264\" height=\"2448\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A lush lawn may be part of the American Dream–and the new California nightmare. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>UPDATE: After an extended session on Tuesday, the State Water Resources Control Board approved final rules to bring about the 25 percent reduction in water use ordered by Governor Jerry Brown in early April. The \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/04/28/state-mostly-standing-its-ground-on-tough-new-water-rules/\">statewide water restrictions\u003c/a> go into effect on June 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know we’re not asking people to do things that are easy,” said board chair Felicia Marcus right before the unanimous vote.\u003cbr>\n“But this is the moment to rise to the occasion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local water agencies are racing to get programs in place to cut urban water use anywhere from eight to 36 percent, depending on how much water their residents have been using on a per-capita basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the actual savings that cities will have to achieve vary much more widely than that range of \u003ca title=\"SWRCB - tiers\" href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/docs/emergency_regulations/supplier_tiers_20150428.pdf\">state-assigned “tiers”\u003c/a> would suggest. Just as important are the savings achieved over roughly the past year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Silicon Valley city of Mountain View, for example, has been assigned a savings “tier” of 16 percent; that’s the reduction that local water officials will have to attain on on month-by-month basis, starting in June. But since Mountain View has already managed to cut water use by 15 percent, residents there will, in effect, only have to squeeze out another one percent savings to comply with the governor’s mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few locales — like Santa Rosa, Livermore, and Santa Cruz, have already exceeded their assigned levels and could theoretically use more water this summer and still comply with the drought mandate — not that anybody’s openly encouraging that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other cities have their work cut out for them. Water consumption in Lodi, for example, actually rose by one percent, so the city will have to cut back by slightly more than its assigned 36 percent target, which is the highest tier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/California-Water-Restrictions-map-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-29971\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/California-Water-Restrictions-map-1-850x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Water Cuts\" width=\"350\" height=\"422\">\u003c/a>Last week, Governor Brown \u003ca title=\"Gov. Jerry Brown - release\" href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=18936\">rolled out legislation\u003c/a> that could help cities attain their assigned goals, ratcheting up maximum fines that local officials are allowed to assess for unrepentant water wasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will be at least mid-July before there are indications of whether the new conservation measures are taking hold — just as the peak outdoor watering season is hitting its stride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And that’s when we really need to see significant reductions in outdoor water use,” warns Max Gomberg, a senior scientist at the State Water Resources Control Board. “If we don’t get those reductions during the summer, we’re simply not gonna make the overall reduction target.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s April 1 list of mandates is designed to cut statewide water use by 25 percent, on average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You might think of this as just another installment on a long enterprise to live with the changing climate and with a drought of uncertain duration,” Brown told reporters after a meeting with California mayors last week. That last point is crucial; no one can say at this point whether we’re in the last year of a four-year drought, or year four of a ten-year “Big Dry,” \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/drought-lessons-from-down-under/\">such as Australians endured\u003c/a> at the start of the century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People face different environmental challenges,” Brown said, “and out of this very complex state we’re gonna do everything we can to save water and to get it done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting it done will now be largely in the hands of local water officials and consumers. The state has weighed in; now it’s on us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>See the \u003ca title=\"SWRCB - tiers\" href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/docs/emergency_regulations/supplier_tiers_20150428.pdf\">complete list\u003c/a> of cities and their assigned water conservation targets.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The state-mandated water conservation \"tiers\" assigned to local water agencies don't tell the whole story. Some cities are already there, some have a lot more work to do.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704931852,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":646},"headData":{"title":"State Passes Historic Water Conservation Rules | KQED","description":"The state-mandated water conservation "tiers" assigned to local water agencies don't tell the whole story. Some cities are already there, some have a lot more work to do.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/05/20150504science.mp3","sticky":false,"WpOldSlug":"california-water-saving-targets-are-all-over-the-map","path":"/science/29945/state-passes-historic-water-conservation-rules","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/05/20150504science.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29943\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 3264px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/IMG_2962.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29943\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/IMG_2962.jpg\" alt=\"A lush lawn may be part of the American Dream--and the new California nightmare. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"3264\" height=\"2448\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A lush lawn may be part of the American Dream–and the new California nightmare. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>UPDATE: After an extended session on Tuesday, the State Water Resources Control Board approved final rules to bring about the 25 percent reduction in water use ordered by Governor Jerry Brown in early April. The \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/04/28/state-mostly-standing-its-ground-on-tough-new-water-rules/\">statewide water restrictions\u003c/a> go into effect on June 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know we’re not asking people to do things that are easy,” said board chair Felicia Marcus right before the unanimous vote.\u003cbr>\n“But this is the moment to rise to the occasion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local water agencies are racing to get programs in place to cut urban water use anywhere from eight to 36 percent, depending on how much water their residents have been using on a per-capita basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the actual savings that cities will have to achieve vary much more widely than that range of \u003ca title=\"SWRCB - tiers\" href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/docs/emergency_regulations/supplier_tiers_20150428.pdf\">state-assigned “tiers”\u003c/a> would suggest. Just as important are the savings achieved over roughly the past year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Silicon Valley city of Mountain View, for example, has been assigned a savings “tier” of 16 percent; that’s the reduction that local water officials will have to attain on on month-by-month basis, starting in June. But since Mountain View has already managed to cut water use by 15 percent, residents there will, in effect, only have to squeeze out another one percent savings to comply with the governor’s mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few locales — like Santa Rosa, Livermore, and Santa Cruz, have already exceeded their assigned levels and could theoretically use more water this summer and still comply with the drought mandate — not that anybody’s openly encouraging that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other cities have their work cut out for them. Water consumption in Lodi, for example, actually rose by one percent, so the city will have to cut back by slightly more than its assigned 36 percent target, which is the highest tier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/California-Water-Restrictions-map-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-29971\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/California-Water-Restrictions-map-1-850x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Water Cuts\" width=\"350\" height=\"422\">\u003c/a>Last week, Governor Brown \u003ca title=\"Gov. Jerry Brown - release\" href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=18936\">rolled out legislation\u003c/a> that could help cities attain their assigned goals, ratcheting up maximum fines that local officials are allowed to assess for unrepentant water wasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will be at least mid-July before there are indications of whether the new conservation measures are taking hold — just as the peak outdoor watering season is hitting its stride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And that’s when we really need to see significant reductions in outdoor water use,” warns Max Gomberg, a senior scientist at the State Water Resources Control Board. “If we don’t get those reductions during the summer, we’re simply not gonna make the overall reduction target.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s April 1 list of mandates is designed to cut statewide water use by 25 percent, on average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You might think of this as just another installment on a long enterprise to live with the changing climate and with a drought of uncertain duration,” Brown told reporters after a meeting with California mayors last week. That last point is crucial; no one can say at this point whether we’re in the last year of a four-year drought, or year four of a ten-year “Big Dry,” \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/drought-lessons-from-down-under/\">such as Australians endured\u003c/a> at the start of the century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People face different environmental challenges,” Brown said, “and out of this very complex state we’re gonna do everything we can to save water and to get it done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting it done will now be largely in the hands of local water officials and consumers. The state has weighed in; now it’s on us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>See the \u003ca title=\"SWRCB - tiers\" href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/docs/emergency_regulations/supplier_tiers_20150428.pdf\">complete list\u003c/a> of cities and their assigned water conservation targets.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/29945/state-passes-historic-water-conservation-rules","authors":["221"],"series":["science_1151"],"categories":["science_46","science_31","science_40","science_43","science_98"],"tags":["science_1622","science_1879","science_64","science_876"],"featImg":"science_29943","label":"science_1151"},"science_29602":{"type":"posts","id":"science_29602","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"29602","score":null,"sort":[1430139639000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"amid-californias-drought-should-cemeteries-stay-green","title":"Amid California’s Drought, Should Cemeteries Stay Green?","publishDate":1430139639,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Amid California’s Drought, Should Cemeteries Stay Green? | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1151,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/04/20150427ScienceCemeteries.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29621\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1457px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/CypressLawn.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29621\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/CypressLawn.jpg\" alt=\"A worker sprays down part of Cypress Lawn Memorial Park in Colma. Officials hope to cut back water-use there, but not so much the grass goes brown. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\" width=\"1457\" height=\"1080\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A worker sprays down part of Cypress Lawn Memorial Park in Colma. Officials hope to cut back water-use there, but not so much the grass goes brown. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Across California, the people who take care of cemeteries are stuck. The state’s new drought mandate is forcing them to cut back on sprinkling, and many expect their grass to go brown this summer. It’s a wrenching call: the concern is that visiting family members who see parched grass on their loved ones’ graves may feel insult on top of loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/emergency_mandatory_regulations.shtml\">new restrictions\u003c/a> haven’t come in yet, we’re just anticipating them,” says Tyler Cassity, head caretaker at Fernwood in Marin County. He currently waters the grounds for about ten minutes, twice a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re probably going to tick that schedule down by 25 percent,” Cassity says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s already warning people that by summer, the green grass could be gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People bought land and were buried with an expectation that their graves would be maintained in a style much like their yards are,” Cassity says. “If it’s not maintained, some people see that as an insult or an umbrage to the dead — not taking care of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29620\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 284px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/TylerCassity.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-29620\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/TylerCassity.jpg\" alt=\"Tyler Cassity sees after both Fernwood in Marin County and Hollywood Forever. He says the drought mandate means cemeteries can't postpone water-saving projects. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\" width=\"284\" height=\"291\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tyler Cassity sees after both Fernwood in Marin County and Hollywood Forever in Los Angeles. He says the drought mandate means cemeteries can’t postpone water-saving projects. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While Fernwood includes a traditional cemetery with sprinklers and grass, parts of the cemetery aren’t irrigated at all. Its steep, wooded hills are for people who prefer simple burials; some with a shroud instead of a casket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cassity says Fernwood’s hills are a stark contrast to a Los Angeles cemetery called \u003ca href=\"http://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/174/birthdays-anniversaries-and-milestones?act=2#play\">Hollywood Forever\u003c/a>, where he’s also head caretaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a green, manicured landscape lawn in the middle of basically an arid desert region,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now he’s looking into sea grasses, which could get by on brackish water he hopes can be pumped from a hundred feet below the graveyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, from dialing back sprinkling and adding drought-tolerant flowers to using reclaimed water and new kinds of turf, California’s cemeteries are looking for ways to get by with less water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Worthy Shrines\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s two thousand graveyards include \u003ca href=\"http://www.cem.va.gov/cems/state.asp?State=CA\">nine national cemeteries\u003c/a> for veterans. They’re among California’s most steadfastly kempt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a mandate to maintain our cemeteries as national shrines,” says Brad Phillips, regional director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cem.va.gov/\">National Cemeteries Administration\u003c/a>, which is part of the Veterans Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He told me he loses sleep over the prospect of the grass dying. His office gets letters and phone calls about it too, from veterans and their families. “They get very unhappy when the turf starts to go brown,” Phillips says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s historic drought began four years ago, and Phillips says national cemeteries in California have already cut back water use, some by more than a third. Two in Southern California — Riverside and Miramar — use recycled water. A relatively new national cemetery in Bakersfield doesn’t bother with grass at all; it was designed to be part of the area’s dry native landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29622\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1420px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/GoldenGate.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29622\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/GoldenGate.jpg\" alt=\"Tens of thousands of veterans, along with their spouses and children, are buried at Golden Gate National Cemetery in San Bruno. Veterans Administration officials say they get phone calls and letters if a site doesn't look cared for. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\" width=\"1420\" height=\"1080\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tens of thousands of veterans, along with their spouses and children, are buried at Golden Gate National Cemetery in San Bruno. Veterans Administration officials say they get phone calls and letters if a site doesn’t look cared for. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One national cemetery in San Diego has some artificial turf, albeit not atop anyone’s grave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Gaussa, a plant and soil specialist who works with Phillips says he wonders if there shouldn’t be different rules than, say, a suburban yard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would drive down a neighborhood first,” Gaussa says, “and question why people are keeping green lawns with no purpose in front of their homes. We have a real purpose and a mission here at the cemeteries to create a place that’s worthy of the people that rest here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>For the Living\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way to read the state’s move to crimp cemeteries’ water use is as if to say, “Right now we need the water for the living.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I tested this idea on the head of the California Cemeteries and Mortuaries Association, Darin Drabing. “Cemeteries \u003cem>are\u003c/em> for the living,” he replies, saying that people go to cemeteries to jog, to ride bikes to spend quiet time and to pay tribute to loved ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many cemeteries are park-like settings in the middle of urban areas. In many areas, cemeteries are the green spaces that the public has,” Drabing says. “So I would take umbrage to someone who thinks cemeteries are for the dead — they’re actually for the living.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example of this kind of space is Mountain View Cemetery in Oakland. The place boasts 150 years of history, the same designer as New York’s Central Park, several fountains, and a panoramic view from the top of a hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a Saturday afternoon there I saw dog-walkers, picnickers, and a guy who said he was looking for a golf ball. From the spigots along the graveyard’s labyrinthine tangle of roads hang faded red tags, warning, “Reclaimed water. Do not drink.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We have a real purpose and a mission here at the cemeteries to create a place that’s worthy of the people that rest here.’ \u003ccite>— Michael Gaussa,Plant and soil specialist \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Visitors Mylene Vandenberg and Brian Anderson say they’re glad the cemetery recycles water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they weren’t recycling though,” says Vandenberg, “I would say they have to do it. I don’t think anybody has a choice anymore, I really don’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the seven people I struck up conversations with at Mountain View that afternoon, none seemed shocked at the thought of cemeteries going brown this summer. More than one told me if the drought drags on much longer, it’s not the grass they’ll be worried about, but the trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“We’ll Manage This”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The town of Colma was founded a century ago as a necropolis — a place for San Francisco to bury its dead. It has a thousand dead residents for every living one, and all types of graveyards — even a pet cemetery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day I visited Cypress Lawn Memorial Park in Colma, a man with a hose was spraying flowers arranged to spell “Cypress Lawn” on the grassy hillside. While the state water board won’t vote on the final restrictions until the beginning of May, Cypress Lawn president Ken Varner told me he doesn’t think Colma will go brown. Cypress Lawn has its own well, although the drought rules might limit sprinkling to two days a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big picture, in terms of California’s water use, Varner says he figures graveyards are small potatoes next to agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those are the guys I feel for. I mean, we’re going to be able to manage this. The cemeteries here in Colma, the cemeteries in the state, we’ll manage this,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll be able to make it out of this drought. Because one thing I’m sure is it’s going to rain here in San Francisco. It always does.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"New drought restrictions are prompting cemetery managers to look at the water they use to keep lawns green. Some worry that for family members who visit this summer, parched grass might feel like insult on top of loss.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704931910,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":35,"wordCount":1310},"headData":{"title":"Amid California’s Drought, Should Cemeteries Stay Green? | KQED","description":"New drought restrictions are prompting cemetery managers to look at the water they use to keep lawns green. Some worry that for family members who visit this summer, parched grass might feel like insult on top of loss.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/04/20150427ScienceCemeteries.mp3","sticky":false,"path":"/science/29602/amid-californias-drought-should-cemeteries-stay-green","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/04/20150427ScienceCemeteries.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29621\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1457px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/CypressLawn.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29621\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/CypressLawn.jpg\" alt=\"A worker sprays down part of Cypress Lawn Memorial Park in Colma. Officials hope to cut back water-use there, but not so much the grass goes brown. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\" width=\"1457\" height=\"1080\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A worker sprays down part of Cypress Lawn Memorial Park in Colma. Officials hope to cut back water-use there, but not so much the grass goes brown. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Across California, the people who take care of cemeteries are stuck. The state’s new drought mandate is forcing them to cut back on sprinkling, and many expect their grass to go brown this summer. It’s a wrenching call: the concern is that visiting family members who see parched grass on their loved ones’ graves may feel insult on top of loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/emergency_mandatory_regulations.shtml\">new restrictions\u003c/a> haven’t come in yet, we’re just anticipating them,” says Tyler Cassity, head caretaker at Fernwood in Marin County. He currently waters the grounds for about ten minutes, twice a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re probably going to tick that schedule down by 25 percent,” Cassity says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s already warning people that by summer, the green grass could be gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People bought land and were buried with an expectation that their graves would be maintained in a style much like their yards are,” Cassity says. “If it’s not maintained, some people see that as an insult or an umbrage to the dead — not taking care of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29620\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 284px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/TylerCassity.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-29620\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/TylerCassity.jpg\" alt=\"Tyler Cassity sees after both Fernwood in Marin County and Hollywood Forever. He says the drought mandate means cemeteries can't postpone water-saving projects. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\" width=\"284\" height=\"291\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tyler Cassity sees after both Fernwood in Marin County and Hollywood Forever in Los Angeles. He says the drought mandate means cemeteries can’t postpone water-saving projects. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While Fernwood includes a traditional cemetery with sprinklers and grass, parts of the cemetery aren’t irrigated at all. Its steep, wooded hills are for people who prefer simple burials; some with a shroud instead of a casket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cassity says Fernwood’s hills are a stark contrast to a Los Angeles cemetery called \u003ca href=\"http://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/174/birthdays-anniversaries-and-milestones?act=2#play\">Hollywood Forever\u003c/a>, where he’s also head caretaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a green, manicured landscape lawn in the middle of basically an arid desert region,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now he’s looking into sea grasses, which could get by on brackish water he hopes can be pumped from a hundred feet below the graveyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, from dialing back sprinkling and adding drought-tolerant flowers to using reclaimed water and new kinds of turf, California’s cemeteries are looking for ways to get by with less water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Worthy Shrines\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s two thousand graveyards include \u003ca href=\"http://www.cem.va.gov/cems/state.asp?State=CA\">nine national cemeteries\u003c/a> for veterans. They’re among California’s most steadfastly kempt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a mandate to maintain our cemeteries as national shrines,” says Brad Phillips, regional director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cem.va.gov/\">National Cemeteries Administration\u003c/a>, which is part of the Veterans Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He told me he loses sleep over the prospect of the grass dying. His office gets letters and phone calls about it too, from veterans and their families. “They get very unhappy when the turf starts to go brown,” Phillips says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s historic drought began four years ago, and Phillips says national cemeteries in California have already cut back water use, some by more than a third. Two in Southern California — Riverside and Miramar — use recycled water. A relatively new national cemetery in Bakersfield doesn’t bother with grass at all; it was designed to be part of the area’s dry native landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29622\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1420px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/GoldenGate.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29622\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/GoldenGate.jpg\" alt=\"Tens of thousands of veterans, along with their spouses and children, are buried at Golden Gate National Cemetery in San Bruno. Veterans Administration officials say they get phone calls and letters if a site doesn't look cared for. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\" width=\"1420\" height=\"1080\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tens of thousands of veterans, along with their spouses and children, are buried at Golden Gate National Cemetery in San Bruno. Veterans Administration officials say they get phone calls and letters if a site doesn’t look cared for. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One national cemetery in San Diego has some artificial turf, albeit not atop anyone’s grave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Gaussa, a plant and soil specialist who works with Phillips says he wonders if there shouldn’t be different rules than, say, a suburban yard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would drive down a neighborhood first,” Gaussa says, “and question why people are keeping green lawns with no purpose in front of their homes. We have a real purpose and a mission here at the cemeteries to create a place that’s worthy of the people that rest here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>For the Living\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way to read the state’s move to crimp cemeteries’ water use is as if to say, “Right now we need the water for the living.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I tested this idea on the head of the California Cemeteries and Mortuaries Association, Darin Drabing. “Cemeteries \u003cem>are\u003c/em> for the living,” he replies, saying that people go to cemeteries to jog, to ride bikes to spend quiet time and to pay tribute to loved ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many cemeteries are park-like settings in the middle of urban areas. In many areas, cemeteries are the green spaces that the public has,” Drabing says. “So I would take umbrage to someone who thinks cemeteries are for the dead — they’re actually for the living.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example of this kind of space is Mountain View Cemetery in Oakland. The place boasts 150 years of history, the same designer as New York’s Central Park, several fountains, and a panoramic view from the top of a hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a Saturday afternoon there I saw dog-walkers, picnickers, and a guy who said he was looking for a golf ball. From the spigots along the graveyard’s labyrinthine tangle of roads hang faded red tags, warning, “Reclaimed water. Do not drink.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We have a real purpose and a mission here at the cemeteries to create a place that’s worthy of the people that rest here.’ \u003ccite>— Michael Gaussa,Plant and soil specialist \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Visitors Mylene Vandenberg and Brian Anderson say they’re glad the cemetery recycles water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they weren’t recycling though,” says Vandenberg, “I would say they have to do it. I don’t think anybody has a choice anymore, I really don’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the seven people I struck up conversations with at Mountain View that afternoon, none seemed shocked at the thought of cemeteries going brown this summer. More than one told me if the drought drags on much longer, it’s not the grass they’ll be worried about, but the trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“We’ll Manage This”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The town of Colma was founded a century ago as a necropolis — a place for San Francisco to bury its dead. It has a thousand dead residents for every living one, and all types of graveyards — even a pet cemetery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day I visited Cypress Lawn Memorial Park in Colma, a man with a hose was spraying flowers arranged to spell “Cypress Lawn” on the grassy hillside. While the state water board won’t vote on the final restrictions until the beginning of May, Cypress Lawn president Ken Varner told me he doesn’t think Colma will go brown. Cypress Lawn has its own well, although the drought rules might limit sprinkling to two days a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big picture, in terms of California’s water use, Varner says he figures graveyards are small potatoes next to agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those are the guys I feel for. I mean, we’re going to be able to manage this. The cemeteries here in Colma, the cemeteries in the state, we’ll manage this,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll be able to make it out of this drought. Because one thing I’m sure is it’s going to rain here in San Francisco. It always does.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/29602/amid-californias-drought-should-cemeteries-stay-green","authors":["6609"],"series":["science_1151"],"categories":["science_46","science_31","science_35","science_40","science_43","science_98"],"tags":["science_1879","science_64"],"featImg":"science_29622","label":"science_1151"},"lowdown_16577":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_16577","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"16577","score":null,"sort":[1426107521000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"getting-hot-in-here-the-beat-of-californias-four-year-drought","title":"Getting Hot in Here: The Beat of California's Four-Year Drought","publishDate":1426107521,"format":"aside","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-16586\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/Drought-infographic-e1426119543995-300x245.png\" alt=\"Drought infographic\" width=\"264\" height=\"216\">Florida might not like to talk about \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/03/10/392142452/florida-gov-scott-denies-banning-phrase-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\">climate change\u003c/a>, but here in drought-stricken California, the topic's not so taboo. Mired in year four of the worst drought on record, Californians are witnessing the climate literally change before their eyes. As the state nears the end of one of the warmest, driest winters on record, with Sierra snowpack and statewide reservoir water levels at alarming lows, the evidence is pretty hard to ignore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-16584\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/legend.png\" alt=\"legend\" width=\"623\" height=\"60\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/legend.png 623w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/legend-400x39.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/legend-320x31.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 623px) 100vw, 623px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://gifmaker.cc/PlayGIFAnimation.php?folder=2015112304WOg9gvNjJO7qkzloKxBBV7&file=output_WB6rCJ.gif&music=https://youtu.be/GeZZr_p6vB8&start=0;%20start=0\" width=\"620\" height=\"620\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GIF above -- set to the beat of Nelly's \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/GeZZr_p6vB8\" target=\"_blank\">Hot in Herre\u003c/a> (yes, double \"r\") -- features a collection of monthly map images created by the \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Drought Monitor\u003c/a>, a joint project of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the National Drought Mitigation Center at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. The graphic starts in June, 2011, the summer before the drought officially took hold. Below, the maps as an infographic. \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/AboutUs/ClassificationScheme.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Click here\u003c/a> for more on the drought category methodology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-16584\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/legend.png\" alt=\"legend\" width=\"623\" height=\"60\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/legend.png 623w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/legend-400x39.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/legend-320x31.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 623px) 100vw, 623px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/Drought-infographic1-e1426119432547.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-16587\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/Drought-infographic1-e1426119432547-640x1030.png\" alt=\"California Four-Year Drought\" width=\"636\" height=\"1024\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1523472167,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://gifmaker.cc/PlayGIFAnimation.php"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":173},"headData":{"title":"Getting Hot in Here: The Beat of California's Four-Year Drought | KQED","description":" Florida might not like to talk about climate change, but here in drought-stricken California, the topic's not so taboo. Mired in year four of the worst drought on record, Californians are witnessing the climate literally change before their eyes. As the state nears the end of one of the warmest, driest winters on record, with Sierra","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"16577 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=16577","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/03/11/getting-hot-in-here-the-beat-of-californias-four-year-drought/","disqusTitle":"Getting Hot in Here: The Beat of California's Four-Year Drought","path":"/lowdown/16577/getting-hot-in-here-the-beat-of-californias-four-year-drought","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-16586\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/Drought-infographic-e1426119543995-300x245.png\" alt=\"Drought infographic\" width=\"264\" height=\"216\">Florida might not like to talk about \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/03/10/392142452/florida-gov-scott-denies-banning-phrase-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\">climate change\u003c/a>, but here in drought-stricken California, the topic's not so taboo. Mired in year four of the worst drought on record, Californians are witnessing the climate literally change before their eyes. As the state nears the end of one of the warmest, driest winters on record, with Sierra snowpack and statewide reservoir water levels at alarming lows, the evidence is pretty hard to ignore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-16584\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/legend.png\" alt=\"legend\" width=\"623\" height=\"60\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/legend.png 623w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/legend-400x39.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/legend-320x31.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 623px) 100vw, 623px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://gifmaker.cc/PlayGIFAnimation.php?folder=2015112304WOg9gvNjJO7qkzloKxBBV7&file=output_WB6rCJ.gif&music=https://youtu.be/GeZZr_p6vB8&start=0;%20start=0\" width=\"620\" height=\"620\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GIF above -- set to the beat of Nelly's \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/GeZZr_p6vB8\" target=\"_blank\">Hot in Herre\u003c/a> (yes, double \"r\") -- features a collection of monthly map images created by the \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Drought Monitor\u003c/a>, a joint project of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the National Drought Mitigation Center at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. The graphic starts in June, 2011, the summer before the drought officially took hold. Below, the maps as an infographic. \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/AboutUs/ClassificationScheme.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Click here\u003c/a> for more on the drought category methodology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-16584\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/legend.png\" alt=\"legend\" width=\"623\" height=\"60\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/legend.png 623w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/legend-400x39.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/legend-320x31.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 623px) 100vw, 623px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/Drought-infographic1-e1426119432547.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-16587\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/Drought-infographic1-e1426119432547-640x1030.png\" alt=\"California Four-Year Drought\" width=\"636\" height=\"1024\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/16577/getting-hot-in-here-the-beat-of-californias-four-year-drought","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_242","lowdown_1","lowdown_514"],"tags":["lowdown_467","lowdown_480"],"featImg":"lowdown_16586","label":"lowdown"},"science_26293":{"type":"posts","id":"science_26293","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"26293","score":null,"sort":[1422057504000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"ridiculous-ridge-may-be-back-to-prolong-california-drought","title":"'Ridiculous Ridge' May Be Back to Prolong California Drought","publishDate":1422057504,"format":"aside","headTitle":"‘Ridiculous Ridge’ May Be Back to Prolong California Drought | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1151,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/01/20150123ScienceResilientRidge.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26562\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Ridge-image-e1422037269149-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26562 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Ridge-image-e1422037269149-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Clouds dissipate over San Pablo Bay after the season’s most intense storm on December 11. There’s been relatively little rain since. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clouds dissipate over San Pablo Bay after the season’s most intense storm on December 11. There’s been relatively little rain since. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You might’ve noticed a conspicuous absence lately: rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, with a scant few days remaining in the month, much of Northern California is on track for a record-dry January. The winter storms that had us scrambling in December have largely dried up, raising the prospect of a fourth year of drought. We had two big bursts that qualify as \u003ca title=\"Q-NewsFix - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/12/09/our-next-storm-very-windy-and-very-wet\">atmospheric river storms\u003c/a> and then … crickets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If this sounds somewhat familiar, flash back to the beginning of 2013, when, after a similarly soggy December, almost in sync with the New Year’s ball dropping in Times Square, the tap suddenly shut off — and stayed off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turned out that a big, bloated bubble of high pressure had parked itself over the West Coast and did not move. It caught the eye of Daniel Swain, then a 23-year-old doctoral student in climate science at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was going on and on, well beyond that maximum that we normally see and persisting over months,” Swain recalls. “And not only over months but then recurring essentially over the course of two consecutive winter seasons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He started writing about it on his \u003ca title=\"Weather West\" href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/1085\">California Weather blog\u003c/a> and decided to give it a name: the \u003ca title=\"CA Wx Blog - post\" href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/1085\">Ridiculously Resilient Ridge\u003c/a>. It stuck. In fact, the “Triple-R” as it’s now known in weather geek shorthand, has become enough of “a thing” that it has \u003ca title=\"Wiki - RRR\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridiculously_Resilient_Ridge\">its own Wikipedia page\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26565\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Ridiculously-Reilent-Ridge-graphic-e1422040126985-1024x629.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26565 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Ridiculously-Reilent-Ridge-graphic-e1422040126985-1024x629.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"1024\" height=\"629\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Storms headed for the California coast run into the Ridiculously Resilient Ridge, represented by the “H” in this graphic. (David Pierce/ KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pockets of high and low pressure — meteorologists like to call them “ridges” and “troughs” — are a regular feature of California’s winter weather, moving through like waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These pressure patterns in the upper atmosphere define wind flow,” Swain explains, “and where the wind’s coming from defines the storm track and whether California receives its wintertime precipitation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or doesn’t. When we’re in a trough, the usual winter storm track in the Pacific is ushered right into California. But as Swain points out, “When it’s pushed farther north, as has been the case when we see these big ridges of high pressure occur, that storm track gets shifted well to the north, to British Columbia, to Alaska.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As weatherman Paul Deanno at San Francisco’s CBS-5 put it, “It’s like a bouncer in the sky. Nothing makes it here with the ridge right on top of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swain offers another image: “They’re like boulders in a small stream of water that deflect the flow of the water to either side of the boulder.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this case, that stream is the jet stream, the high-level winds that are the conveyor belt for California’s rain and snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And it’s kind of literally true,” Swain says, “because these pressure patterns in the atmosphere are actually defining fluid flow, except in this case the fluid is air in the atmosphere rather than water in a stream.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26572\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 305px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Daniel-Swain-e1422041073843-782x1024.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26572 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Daniel-Swain-e1422041073843-782x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford climate scientist Daniel Swain coined the “Ridiculously Resilient Ridge” moniker. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"305\" height=\"399\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford climate scientist Daniel Swain coined the “Ridiculously Resilient Ridge” moniker. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So now, here we are again, with an obstinate ridge parked over us. Does this mean the Triple-R has returned?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No,” California State Climatologist Mike Anderson told me at a recent drought briefing. “This is very different from the pattern that set up last year, where we had a ridge that extended up into Canada, and was reinforced and lasted six weeks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The pattern we’re in now is more of a transient pattern where you may see a ridge develop but it may just as easily break down,” Anderson continued. “In this case, the patterns that we see in the jet streams and the oceans are not all moving in the same direction to create such a ridge. The jet stream is in a position where it will push through and will have an easier time than it did last year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swain \u003ca title=\"CA Wx Blog - post\" href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/2853\">agrees that the jury is out\u003c/a>, though the current high-pressure pattern has remained in control for more than a month now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But this is a really critical time of year,” he adds. And if this high-pressure stays parked into February? “Then we have to start thinking about the potential that we’re looking at another dry year, despite the fact that we saw so much rainfall in early December,” Swain says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some other things we don’t know: whether this is some kind of “new normal” and if it is, whether human-induced climate change is to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What we do know is that winter doesn’t last all year. January is the middle leg of a three-month stretch in which California typically gets half its precipitation (in the Bay Area, December, January and February are virtually tied for the wettest months on average). And while there have been “March miracles,” at some point, time runs out.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Scientists hope a stubborn high-pressure bubble over the West Coast isn't a replay of the last two winters.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704932366,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":926},"headData":{"title":"'Ridiculous Ridge' May Be Back to Prolong California Drought | KQED","description":"Scientists hope a stubborn high-pressure bubble over the West Coast isn't a replay of the last two winters.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/01/20150123ScienceResilientRidge.mp3","sticky":false,"path":"/science/26293/ridiculous-ridge-may-be-back-to-prolong-california-drought","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/01/20150123ScienceResilientRidge.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26562\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Ridge-image-e1422037269149-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26562 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Ridge-image-e1422037269149-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Clouds dissipate over San Pablo Bay after the season’s most intense storm on December 11. There’s been relatively little rain since. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clouds dissipate over San Pablo Bay after the season’s most intense storm on December 11. There’s been relatively little rain since. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You might’ve noticed a conspicuous absence lately: rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, with a scant few days remaining in the month, much of Northern California is on track for a record-dry January. The winter storms that had us scrambling in December have largely dried up, raising the prospect of a fourth year of drought. We had two big bursts that qualify as \u003ca title=\"Q-NewsFix - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/12/09/our-next-storm-very-windy-and-very-wet\">atmospheric river storms\u003c/a> and then … crickets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If this sounds somewhat familiar, flash back to the beginning of 2013, when, after a similarly soggy December, almost in sync with the New Year’s ball dropping in Times Square, the tap suddenly shut off — and stayed off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turned out that a big, bloated bubble of high pressure had parked itself over the West Coast and did not move. It caught the eye of Daniel Swain, then a 23-year-old doctoral student in climate science at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was going on and on, well beyond that maximum that we normally see and persisting over months,” Swain recalls. “And not only over months but then recurring essentially over the course of two consecutive winter seasons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He started writing about it on his \u003ca title=\"Weather West\" href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/1085\">California Weather blog\u003c/a> and decided to give it a name: the \u003ca title=\"CA Wx Blog - post\" href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/1085\">Ridiculously Resilient Ridge\u003c/a>. It stuck. In fact, the “Triple-R” as it’s now known in weather geek shorthand, has become enough of “a thing” that it has \u003ca title=\"Wiki - RRR\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridiculously_Resilient_Ridge\">its own Wikipedia page\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26565\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Ridiculously-Reilent-Ridge-graphic-e1422040126985-1024x629.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26565 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Ridiculously-Reilent-Ridge-graphic-e1422040126985-1024x629.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"1024\" height=\"629\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Storms headed for the California coast run into the Ridiculously Resilient Ridge, represented by the “H” in this graphic. (David Pierce/ KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pockets of high and low pressure — meteorologists like to call them “ridges” and “troughs” — are a regular feature of California’s winter weather, moving through like waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These pressure patterns in the upper atmosphere define wind flow,” Swain explains, “and where the wind’s coming from defines the storm track and whether California receives its wintertime precipitation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or doesn’t. When we’re in a trough, the usual winter storm track in the Pacific is ushered right into California. But as Swain points out, “When it’s pushed farther north, as has been the case when we see these big ridges of high pressure occur, that storm track gets shifted well to the north, to British Columbia, to Alaska.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As weatherman Paul Deanno at San Francisco’s CBS-5 put it, “It’s like a bouncer in the sky. Nothing makes it here with the ridge right on top of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swain offers another image: “They’re like boulders in a small stream of water that deflect the flow of the water to either side of the boulder.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this case, that stream is the jet stream, the high-level winds that are the conveyor belt for California’s rain and snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And it’s kind of literally true,” Swain says, “because these pressure patterns in the atmosphere are actually defining fluid flow, except in this case the fluid is air in the atmosphere rather than water in a stream.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26572\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 305px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Daniel-Swain-e1422041073843-782x1024.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26572 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Daniel-Swain-e1422041073843-782x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford climate scientist Daniel Swain coined the “Ridiculously Resilient Ridge” moniker. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"305\" height=\"399\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford climate scientist Daniel Swain coined the “Ridiculously Resilient Ridge” moniker. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So now, here we are again, with an obstinate ridge parked over us. Does this mean the Triple-R has returned?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No,” California State Climatologist Mike Anderson told me at a recent drought briefing. “This is very different from the pattern that set up last year, where we had a ridge that extended up into Canada, and was reinforced and lasted six weeks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The pattern we’re in now is more of a transient pattern where you may see a ridge develop but it may just as easily break down,” Anderson continued. “In this case, the patterns that we see in the jet streams and the oceans are not all moving in the same direction to create such a ridge. The jet stream is in a position where it will push through and will have an easier time than it did last year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swain \u003ca title=\"CA Wx Blog - post\" href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/2853\">agrees that the jury is out\u003c/a>, though the current high-pressure pattern has remained in control for more than a month now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But this is a really critical time of year,” he adds. And if this high-pressure stays parked into February? “Then we have to start thinking about the potential that we’re looking at another dry year, despite the fact that we saw so much rainfall in early December,” Swain says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some other things we don’t know: whether this is some kind of “new normal” and if it is, whether human-induced climate change is to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What we do know is that winter doesn’t last all year. January is the middle leg of a three-month stretch in which California typically gets half its precipitation (in the Bay Area, December, January and February are virtually tied for the wettest months on average). And while there have been “March miracles,” at some point, time runs out.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/26293/ridiculous-ridge-may-be-back-to-prolong-california-drought","authors":["221"],"series":["science_1151"],"categories":["science_46","science_31","science_40","science_43","science_98"],"tags":["science_2227","science_1879"],"featImg":"science_26562","label":"science_1151"},"science_22666":{"type":"posts","id":"science_22666","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"22666","score":null,"sort":[1413810053000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"drought-stressed-crops-may-be-better-for-you","title":"Drought-Stressed Crops May Be Better For You","publishDate":1413810053,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Drought-Stressed Crops May Be Better For You | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/10/20141020science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22653\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 3264px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/25-O.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/25-O.jpg\" alt=\"These pomegranates are about an inch smaller than the typical size, but they're packed with antioxidents.\" width=\"3264\" height=\"2448\" class=\"size-full wp-image-22653\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These pomegranates are about an inch smaller than the typical size, but they’re packed with antioxidents. (Courtesy of Tiziana Centofanti)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tiziana Centofanti carefully hand-waters some pomegranate trees with a tiny bucket. “The important thing is to go really slowly,” she says. “The soil is very dry right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://tizianacentofanti.weebly.com/uploads/3/9/4/1/39411617/tiziana_centofanti_cv_2014_september.pdf\">Centofanti \u003c/a>is a research scientist affiliated with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnostate.edu/jcast/cit/\">Center for Irrigation Technology\u003c/a> at Fresno State. She’s based at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ars.usda.gov/main/site_main.htm?modecode=20-34-05-00\">U.S. Department of Agriculture lab in Parlier\u003c/a>, a sprawling campus of experimental farmland about half an hour south of Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the questions she’s asking is whether fruit from trees that don’t get much water are less nutritious, compared to fruit from trees that get plenty of water. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My research is about physiological response to stresses,” Centofanti says, “and drought is one of those.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the pomegranate trees in these orchards are pretty stressed out. They’re planted inside a tile ring that constrains their root systems, so they burrow deep into the ground. Centofanti’s watering them with a solution of salt, boron and selenium; these are natural elements in the soil on many Central Valley farms that are also struggling with drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22714\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/tiny-pomegranates-constrained-roots--e1413592464992.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/tiny-pomegranates-constrained-roots--e1413592464992.jpg\" alt=\"The tile ring forces the roots of these trees to grow more deeply.\" width=\"320\" height=\"428\" class=\"size-full wp-image-22714\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The tile ring prevents the roots of these trees from spreading out, forcing them to grow further down. (Tiziana Centofanti)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You will definitely see that these trees are much, much smaller,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re actually dwarfish, and the fruit on them is tiny, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Centofanti shows me another plot of pomegranates she’s watering with just 35 percent of what a tree would normally drink, and yet another group of trees that are getting half the normal amount of water. These trees are all growing to the usual height, but their fruit is cracked, so you can see the pomegranate seeds peeking out, like tiny rubies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11052704\">shows\u003c/a> that pomegranates have specific compounds that may reduce swelling and infection, even possibly fight \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026309813000692\">DNA damage\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.panelamonitor.org/media/docrepo/document/files/dietary-antioxidants-and-cardiovascular-disease.pdf\">cardiovascular disease\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To see how drought might change that fruit chemistry, Centofanti takes the water-stressed pomegranates into the lab. She cuts them and uses a french press to squeeze everything, including the peel, into juice. She shakes that onto a magnetic stirrer, and analyzes it with liquid chromatography.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preliminary data, she says, confirm her suspicions about drought’s effect on the fruit’s nutritional value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Does not affect the fruit quality, so nothing, no differences at all,” Centofanti says, gesturing toward a deep freezer full of fruit samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“The tiny pomegranates seem to have double the antioxidant content of pomegranates grown under normal conditions.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Preliminary results from this soon-to-be-published study show that the cracked pomegranates grown with much less water still have all the normal antioxidant levels — the same amount of vitamin C, micronutrients and macronutrients. Same with the drought-stressed grapes Centofanti’s tested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is one interesting difference about the tiny pomegranate trees, the ones with constrained roots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tiny pomegranates \u003ca href=\"http://www.icwt.net/wrpi/2013/Zoldoske.pdf\">grown with the salt and boron\u003c/a> seem to have\u003cem> double\u003c/em> the antioxidant content of pomegranates grown under normal conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Plants when they are stressed, they tend to produce higher content of phenolics, antioxidants,” Centofanti says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, the trees under the most stress come out fighting, releasing more protective chemical compounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Centofanti’s now looking into whether there’s a similar effect on peaches. Those trials are still in the early stages and so far, like pomegranates, the peaches she’s grown with less water are tiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big challenge? Convincing consumers that fruit that’s smaller or cracked might be better for you, and for the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe that if we’re able to market this fruit as environmentally friendly because it uses it less water, and it’s grown in the Central Valley where we have so much drought problems,” Centofanti says, “consumers will be ready to buy the fruit, because it’s environmentally friendly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22723\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 4608px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/0341.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/0341.jpg\" alt=\"Customers at the farmer's market in San Francisco's ferry building were snapping up these tomatoes from Dirty Girl Produce, grown without irrigation.\" width=\"4608\" height=\"3456\" class=\"size-full wp-image-22723\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Customers at the farmers market at San Francisco’s Ferry building were snapping up these tomatoes from Dirty Girl Produce, grown without irrigation. (Adizah Eghan/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That may be true at a foodie hub like the Ferry Building farmer’s market in San Francisco, where \u003ca href=\"http://www.dirtygirlproduce.com/\">Dirty Girl Produce \u003c/a>hands out free samples of dry-farmed tomatoes to enthusiastic customers. They’re grown in Santa Cruz, without irrigation — and that’s part of their appeal. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once we put the tomato plants into the ground, after they’ve got some roots, we don’t water them again,” says Dirty Girl’s Tristan Covello, “so they have to find their own water. Because of that, they’ll grow lots of really deep roots to find lots of nutrients and minerals that make them really delicious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, \u003ca href=\"http://giannini.ucop.edu/CalAgBook/Chap1.pdf\">dry farming was the norm\u003c/a> back in the 19\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> century for many California farmers. They relied on limited natural rainfall for dry land crops like winter wheat and barely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t until massive irrigation projects plumbed water all over the state that the hot, arid Central Valley was transformed into the nation’s most productive farm belt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But do those crops really need all that water?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a sprawling vineyard near Delano, just north of Bakersfield, Andrew Zaninovich shows me a test plot of crimson seedless table grapes that get 50 to 70 percent of the water he’d usually use. Zaninovich runs \u003ca href=\"http://www.sunviewvineyards.com/sunview.htm\">Sunview Vineyards\u003c/a>, which supplies many of the nation’s biggest markets with table grapes, and he’s working with the USDA researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drought-stressed vines look surprisingly green to my eyes. I thought they’d be all shriveled up and dried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To the layperson, they do look pretty green and healthy,” Zaninovich says, “but to me, the person who’s responsible for delivering a box of fruit that a consumer would be happy with, this\u003cem> is\u003c/em> a problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zaninovich points out brown edges on the leaves, and the variable colors of the grapes. He takes a quarter from his pocket and holds it up next to a bunch of grapes on these vines. It’s a farmer’s trick to get a sense of their relative size.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22726\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 4272px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/IMG_8844.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/IMG_8844.jpg\" alt=\"Drought-stressed grapes have variable coloring, rather than a uniform deep red. And they're smaller than the shiny quarter -- a common test of grape quality.\" width=\"4272\" height=\"2848\" class=\"size-full wp-image-22726\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These drought-stressed grapes have variable coloring, rather than a uniform deep red. And they’re smaller than the shiny quarter. (Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This wouldn’t be commercially acceptable,” Zaninovich says, shaking his head. “Many retailers are telling us they don’t want fruit that’s less than 13/16 of an inch in diameter. They want big, juicy looking grapes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zaninovich doesn’t think much of the idea that mainstream consumers will want to buy grapes grown with less water, even if they don’t look as pretty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a really niche, high-risk approach,” he says. “Our industry last week sold somewhere between 4½ and 5 million boxes. Those are the numbers that make this a viable industry in California. We need to have something that’s mainstream that the consumers around the world agree on is a desirable package.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if Zaninovich doesn’t see promising results from growing fruit with half the water, why is he still investing in the experiment?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a term that’s used, drops per crop, and I think we just need to figure out how to maximize that efficiency,” he says. “It’s worth the exercise, it’s worth the experiment, it’s worth the loss, just to learn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USDA researchers in Parlier are hoping to get funding to continue looking at the antioxidant content of fruit grown with less water. They’re not only analyzing pomegranates and peaches, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnostate.edu/jcast/cati/update/2013-fall/opuntia-study.html\">opuntia cacti,\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://foodblogga.blogspot.com/2011/06/what-is-agretti.html\">agretti \u003c/a>(salsola soda), a gourmet vegetable from Italy that can be watered with salt water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, researchers in Mexico, Thailand, Taiwan and Spain have managed to grow spicier peppers by giving them less water. But when UC scientists working with jalapeño growers in Santa Clara and San Benito counties tried \u003ca href=\"http://ucanr.edu/blogs/blogcore/postdetail.cfm?postnum=15571\">repeating the experiment\u003c/a>, the results were only lukewarm.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Scientists in California's Central Valley are testing the nutrient content of fruits grown with less-than-normal amounts of water. And the findings so far are raising a question: will consumers buy fruits that are just as nutritional, or sometimes higher in antioxidants, if they aren't as pretty?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704932749,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":38,"wordCount":1448},"headData":{"title":"Drought-Stressed Crops May Be Better For You | KQED","description":"Scientists in California's Central Valley are testing the nutrient content of fruits grown with less-than-normal amounts of water. And the findings so far are raising a question: will consumers buy fruits that are just as nutritional, or sometimes higher in antioxidants, if they aren't as pretty?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Food","sourceUrl":"/food/","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/10/20141020science.mp3","sticky":false,"path":"/science/22666/drought-stressed-crops-may-be-better-for-you","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/10/20141020science.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22653\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 3264px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/25-O.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/25-O.jpg\" alt=\"These pomegranates are about an inch smaller than the typical size, but they're packed with antioxidents.\" width=\"3264\" height=\"2448\" class=\"size-full wp-image-22653\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These pomegranates are about an inch smaller than the typical size, but they’re packed with antioxidents. (Courtesy of Tiziana Centofanti)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tiziana Centofanti carefully hand-waters some pomegranate trees with a tiny bucket. “The important thing is to go really slowly,” she says. “The soil is very dry right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://tizianacentofanti.weebly.com/uploads/3/9/4/1/39411617/tiziana_centofanti_cv_2014_september.pdf\">Centofanti \u003c/a>is a research scientist affiliated with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnostate.edu/jcast/cit/\">Center for Irrigation Technology\u003c/a> at Fresno State. She’s based at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ars.usda.gov/main/site_main.htm?modecode=20-34-05-00\">U.S. Department of Agriculture lab in Parlier\u003c/a>, a sprawling campus of experimental farmland about half an hour south of Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the questions she’s asking is whether fruit from trees that don’t get much water are less nutritious, compared to fruit from trees that get plenty of water. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My research is about physiological response to stresses,” Centofanti says, “and drought is one of those.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the pomegranate trees in these orchards are pretty stressed out. They’re planted inside a tile ring that constrains their root systems, so they burrow deep into the ground. Centofanti’s watering them with a solution of salt, boron and selenium; these are natural elements in the soil on many Central Valley farms that are also struggling with drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22714\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/tiny-pomegranates-constrained-roots--e1413592464992.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/tiny-pomegranates-constrained-roots--e1413592464992.jpg\" alt=\"The tile ring forces the roots of these trees to grow more deeply.\" width=\"320\" height=\"428\" class=\"size-full wp-image-22714\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The tile ring prevents the roots of these trees from spreading out, forcing them to grow further down. (Tiziana Centofanti)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You will definitely see that these trees are much, much smaller,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re actually dwarfish, and the fruit on them is tiny, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Centofanti shows me another plot of pomegranates she’s watering with just 35 percent of what a tree would normally drink, and yet another group of trees that are getting half the normal amount of water. These trees are all growing to the usual height, but their fruit is cracked, so you can see the pomegranate seeds peeking out, like tiny rubies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11052704\">shows\u003c/a> that pomegranates have specific compounds that may reduce swelling and infection, even possibly fight \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026309813000692\">DNA damage\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.panelamonitor.org/media/docrepo/document/files/dietary-antioxidants-and-cardiovascular-disease.pdf\">cardiovascular disease\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To see how drought might change that fruit chemistry, Centofanti takes the water-stressed pomegranates into the lab. She cuts them and uses a french press to squeeze everything, including the peel, into juice. She shakes that onto a magnetic stirrer, and analyzes it with liquid chromatography.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preliminary data, she says, confirm her suspicions about drought’s effect on the fruit’s nutritional value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Does not affect the fruit quality, so nothing, no differences at all,” Centofanti says, gesturing toward a deep freezer full of fruit samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“The tiny pomegranates seem to have double the antioxidant content of pomegranates grown under normal conditions.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Preliminary results from this soon-to-be-published study show that the cracked pomegranates grown with much less water still have all the normal antioxidant levels — the same amount of vitamin C, micronutrients and macronutrients. Same with the drought-stressed grapes Centofanti’s tested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is one interesting difference about the tiny pomegranate trees, the ones with constrained roots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tiny pomegranates \u003ca href=\"http://www.icwt.net/wrpi/2013/Zoldoske.pdf\">grown with the salt and boron\u003c/a> seem to have\u003cem> double\u003c/em> the antioxidant content of pomegranates grown under normal conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Plants when they are stressed, they tend to produce higher content of phenolics, antioxidants,” Centofanti says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, the trees under the most stress come out fighting, releasing more protective chemical compounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Centofanti’s now looking into whether there’s a similar effect on peaches. Those trials are still in the early stages and so far, like pomegranates, the peaches she’s grown with less water are tiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big challenge? Convincing consumers that fruit that’s smaller or cracked might be better for you, and for the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe that if we’re able to market this fruit as environmentally friendly because it uses it less water, and it’s grown in the Central Valley where we have so much drought problems,” Centofanti says, “consumers will be ready to buy the fruit, because it’s environmentally friendly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22723\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 4608px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/0341.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/0341.jpg\" alt=\"Customers at the farmer's market in San Francisco's ferry building were snapping up these tomatoes from Dirty Girl Produce, grown without irrigation.\" width=\"4608\" height=\"3456\" class=\"size-full wp-image-22723\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Customers at the farmers market at San Francisco’s Ferry building were snapping up these tomatoes from Dirty Girl Produce, grown without irrigation. (Adizah Eghan/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That may be true at a foodie hub like the Ferry Building farmer’s market in San Francisco, where \u003ca href=\"http://www.dirtygirlproduce.com/\">Dirty Girl Produce \u003c/a>hands out free samples of dry-farmed tomatoes to enthusiastic customers. They’re grown in Santa Cruz, without irrigation — and that’s part of their appeal. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once we put the tomato plants into the ground, after they’ve got some roots, we don’t water them again,” says Dirty Girl’s Tristan Covello, “so they have to find their own water. Because of that, they’ll grow lots of really deep roots to find lots of nutrients and minerals that make them really delicious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, \u003ca href=\"http://giannini.ucop.edu/CalAgBook/Chap1.pdf\">dry farming was the norm\u003c/a> back in the 19\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> century for many California farmers. They relied on limited natural rainfall for dry land crops like winter wheat and barely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t until massive irrigation projects plumbed water all over the state that the hot, arid Central Valley was transformed into the nation’s most productive farm belt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But do those crops really need all that water?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a sprawling vineyard near Delano, just north of Bakersfield, Andrew Zaninovich shows me a test plot of crimson seedless table grapes that get 50 to 70 percent of the water he’d usually use. Zaninovich runs \u003ca href=\"http://www.sunviewvineyards.com/sunview.htm\">Sunview Vineyards\u003c/a>, which supplies many of the nation’s biggest markets with table grapes, and he’s working with the USDA researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drought-stressed vines look surprisingly green to my eyes. I thought they’d be all shriveled up and dried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To the layperson, they do look pretty green and healthy,” Zaninovich says, “but to me, the person who’s responsible for delivering a box of fruit that a consumer would be happy with, this\u003cem> is\u003c/em> a problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zaninovich points out brown edges on the leaves, and the variable colors of the grapes. He takes a quarter from his pocket and holds it up next to a bunch of grapes on these vines. It’s a farmer’s trick to get a sense of their relative size.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22726\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 4272px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/IMG_8844.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/IMG_8844.jpg\" alt=\"Drought-stressed grapes have variable coloring, rather than a uniform deep red. And they're smaller than the shiny quarter -- a common test of grape quality.\" width=\"4272\" height=\"2848\" class=\"size-full wp-image-22726\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These drought-stressed grapes have variable coloring, rather than a uniform deep red. And they’re smaller than the shiny quarter. (Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This wouldn’t be commercially acceptable,” Zaninovich says, shaking his head. “Many retailers are telling us they don’t want fruit that’s less than 13/16 of an inch in diameter. They want big, juicy looking grapes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zaninovich doesn’t think much of the idea that mainstream consumers will want to buy grapes grown with less water, even if they don’t look as pretty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a really niche, high-risk approach,” he says. “Our industry last week sold somewhere between 4½ and 5 million boxes. Those are the numbers that make this a viable industry in California. We need to have something that’s mainstream that the consumers around the world agree on is a desirable package.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if Zaninovich doesn’t see promising results from growing fruit with half the water, why is he still investing in the experiment?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a term that’s used, drops per crop, and I think we just need to figure out how to maximize that efficiency,” he says. “It’s worth the exercise, it’s worth the experiment, it’s worth the loss, just to learn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USDA researchers in Parlier are hoping to get funding to continue looking at the antioxidant content of fruit grown with less water. They’re not only analyzing pomegranates and peaches, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnostate.edu/jcast/cati/update/2013-fall/opuntia-study.html\">opuntia cacti,\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://foodblogga.blogspot.com/2011/06/what-is-agretti.html\">agretti \u003c/a>(salsola soda), a gourmet vegetable from Italy that can be watered with salt water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, researchers in Mexico, Thailand, Taiwan and Spain have managed to grow spicier peppers by giving them less water. But when UC scientists working with jalapeño growers in Santa Clara and San Benito counties tried \u003ca href=\"http://ucanr.edu/blogs/blogcore/postdetail.cfm?postnum=15571\">repeating the experiment\u003c/a>, the results were only lukewarm.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/22666/drought-stressed-crops-may-be-better-for-you","authors":["254"],"series":["science_1151"],"categories":["science_46","science_36","science_39","science_40","science_43","science_98"],"tags":["science_392","science_1622","science_572","science_1879"],"featImg":"science_22653","label":"source_science_22666"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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By that time, the record-setting winter of 2016-17 had removed all doubt that the drought was over, though concerns over depleted groundwater levels still remain. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Drought Monitor\u003c/a>, less than 10 percent of California remains in “moderate drought” — compared to nearly 100 percent of the state a year ago.\r\n\r\n[http_redir]","featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Drought Watch Archives | KQED Science","description":"What California's reservoirs look like right now (From KQED's The Lowdown) [iframe src=\"http://kroodsma.com/KQED/water-supply-master/public/map.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"] We’re collecting all of our California drought coverage here, starting with the current state of the drought, then providing the background and rounding up all the stories we’ve produced. 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