Colorado River Water Districts Approve Deal, and Imperial is Angry
Two California Water Agencies Battling Over Colorado River Drought Plan
States Take On Urgent Negotiations To Avoid Colorado River Crisis
How the Colorado River’s Future Depends on California's Salton Sea
A Radical Idea for Managing Western Water: Cooperate
Drought on Colorado River Sparks Revolutionary Idea: Sharing Water
Documentary Plumbs the Future of Western Water, Blends Optimism With Caution
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And like the elephant, our memory and rage is long.’\u003ccite>IID board member Jim Hanks.\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The federal government had told the states that if they didn’t come to an agreeement on their own, it would step in with its own plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming are pushing for federal legislation to implement the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the agreements, states voluntarily would give up water to keep Lake Mead on the Arizona-Nevada border and Lake Powell upstream on the Arizona-Utah border from crashing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The push for federal legislation comes after the Colorado River Board of California voted Monday to move ahead without a water agency that has the largest entitlement to the river’s water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Imperial Irrigation District was written out of California’s plan when another powerful water agency, the Metropolitan Water District, pledged to contribute most of the state’s voluntary water cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imperial had said it would not commit to the drought plan unless it secured $200 million in federal funding to help restore a massive, briny lake southeast of Los Angeles known as the Salton Sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“IID has one agenda, to be part of a DCP that treats the Salton Sea with the dignity and due consideration it deserves, not as its first casualty,” Imperial board President Erik Ortega said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another Imperial official used less diplomatic language. From the \u003ca href=\"https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/arizona-environment/2019/03/19/finishing-colorado-river-deal-state-and-federal-officials-meet/3213888002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Arizona Republic\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>During a meeting on the shore of the Salton Sea on Tuesday, IID officials lashed out at those gathering to sign on without them in Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have six grandchildren who live on the Salton Sea and five of them have asthma. On behalf of them I say, ‘Damn them. Damn them,’” said IID board member Jim Hanks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we gather here today on the shore of the Salton Sea strewn with bleached bones, bird carcasses and a growing shoreline,” Hanks said, “and as champagne is being prepared for debauched self-congratulation in Phoenix, remember this: The IID is the elephant in the room on the Colorado River as we move forward. And like the elephant, our memory and rage is long.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation had given states until Tuesday to submit comments on what to do next after California and Arizona failed to meet federal deadlines to wrap up the drought plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That process will be stopped now that California is on board. Arizona says it doesn’t expect its remaining work to delay implementation of the drought plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The states’ plans are meant to supplement existing guidelines that dictate water deliveries to Arizona, Nevada and California. The Bureau of Reclamation previously predicted a more than 50 percent chance that Arizona and Nevada would not get their full allocations of water in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest study shows a shortage might be averted. But officials say one good year of snowpack won’t reduce long-term risks on the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Lauren Sommer and Jon Brooks of KQED and Felicia Fonseca of Associated Press contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"After several years of haggling amid a prolonged drought, California and six other states have agreed to a water-management plan for the Colorado river. The Imperial Irrigation District was written out of the deal after holding out for federal money.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848783,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":593},"headData":{"title":"Colorado River Water Districts Approve Deal, and Imperial is Angry | KQED","description":"After several years of haggling amid a prolonged drought, California and six other states have agreed to a water-management plan for the Colorado river. 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And like the elephant, our memory and rage is long.’\u003ccite>IID board member Jim Hanks.\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The federal government had told the states that if they didn’t come to an agreeement on their own, it would step in with its own plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming are pushing for federal legislation to implement the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the agreements, states voluntarily would give up water to keep Lake Mead on the Arizona-Nevada border and Lake Powell upstream on the Arizona-Utah border from crashing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The push for federal legislation comes after the Colorado River Board of California voted Monday to move ahead without a water agency that has the largest entitlement to the river’s water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Imperial Irrigation District was written out of California’s plan when another powerful water agency, the Metropolitan Water District, pledged to contribute most of the state’s voluntary water cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imperial had said it would not commit to the drought plan unless it secured $200 million in federal funding to help restore a massive, briny lake southeast of Los Angeles known as the Salton Sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“IID has one agenda, to be part of a DCP that treats the Salton Sea with the dignity and due consideration it deserves, not as its first casualty,” Imperial board President Erik Ortega said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another Imperial official used less diplomatic language. From the \u003ca href=\"https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/arizona-environment/2019/03/19/finishing-colorado-river-deal-state-and-federal-officials-meet/3213888002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Arizona Republic\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>During a meeting on the shore of the Salton Sea on Tuesday, IID officials lashed out at those gathering to sign on without them in Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have six grandchildren who live on the Salton Sea and five of them have asthma. On behalf of them I say, ‘Damn them. Damn them,’” said IID board member Jim Hanks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we gather here today on the shore of the Salton Sea strewn with bleached bones, bird carcasses and a growing shoreline,” Hanks said, “and as champagne is being prepared for debauched self-congratulation in Phoenix, remember this: The IID is the elephant in the room on the Colorado River as we move forward. And like the elephant, our memory and rage is long.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation had given states until Tuesday to submit comments on what to do next after California and Arizona failed to meet federal deadlines to wrap up the drought plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That process will be stopped now that California is on board. Arizona says it doesn’t expect its remaining work to delay implementation of the drought plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The states’ plans are meant to supplement existing guidelines that dictate water deliveries to Arizona, Nevada and California. The Bureau of Reclamation previously predicted a more than 50 percent chance that Arizona and Nevada would not get their full allocations of water in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest study shows a shortage might be averted. But officials say one good year of snowpack won’t reduce long-term risks on the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Lauren Sommer and Jon Brooks of KQED and Felicia Fonseca of Associated Press contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1939351/colorado-river-water-districts-approve-deal-and-imperial-is-very-angry","authors":["byline_science_1939351"],"categories":["science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_3197"],"featImg":"science_788889","label":"science"},"science_1939094":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1939094","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1939094","score":null,"sort":[1552595719000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"two-california-water-agencies-tussling-over-colorado-river-drought-plan","title":"Two California Water Agencies Battling Over Colorado River Drought Plan","publishDate":1552595719,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Two California Water Agencies Battling Over Colorado River Drought Plan | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>A major Southern California water agency is trying to push the state through a final hurdle in joining a larger plan to preserve a key river in the U.S. West that serves 40 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the seven states that get water from the Colorado River have signed off on plans to keep the waterway from crashing amid a prolonged drought, climate change and increased demands. But California and Arizona have not, missing deadlines from the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arizona has some work to do but nothing major holding it back. California, however, has two powerful water agencies fighting over how to get the drought contingency plan approved before U.S. officials possibly impose their own rules for water going to California, Arizona and Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Background: Colorado River Water Crisis\" postID=\"science_1937377\"]The Metropolitan Water District is positioning itself to shoulder nearly all of California’s water contribution, with its board voting unanimously Tuesday to essentially write out of the drought plan another agency that gets more Colorado River water than anyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That agency, the Imperial Irrigation District, has said it won’t approve the plan unless the federal government agrees to commit $200 million to address the Salton Sea, a massive, briny lake southeast of Los Angeles that has become an environmental and health hazard in the Imperial and Coachella valleys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Metropolitan Water District — a massive agency that supplies drinking water to 19 million people in Southern California — would have to provide what could be nearly 2 million acre-feet of water between 2020 and 2026. An acre-foot serves about one to two average households a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metropolitan and Imperial were supposed to put up the lion’s share of the 200,000 to 350,000 acre-feet from California’s annual share of the deal. Two other agencies also have agreed to smaller contributions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That water would be stored behind Lake Mead on the Arizona-Nevada line to keep the key reservoir from dropping to drastically low levels. Water is delivered through Lake Mead to Arizona, California and Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more we delay, the harder it is to hold that deal together,” Metropolitan general manager Jeff Kightlinger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California isn’t required to contribute water under the drought plan unless Lake Mead drops to 1,045 feet (319 meters), which might not ever happen. But if it does, the Imperial Irrigation District said the public would likely demand that it contribute as the agency with the largest and oldest rights to Colorado River water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way to arrive at a resilient and durable drought contingency plan is for the parties to work through the Salton Sea issue, not around it,” Imperial general manager Henry Martinez told a Metropolitan Water District committee Monday. “Our two agencies have shown that we can do good things for the river and each other when we take the long view, and that capacity to see past the moment is what’s urgently needed now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation has given governors or their representatives in the seven states until March 19 to recommend the next steps after California and Arizona failed to meet its deadlines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming wrote to the Colorado River Board of California over the weekend, urging California to unite with them in seeking authorization from Congress for the drought plans. Without it, the states won’t be able to implement the plans, Mexico won’t contribute water and the federal government will step in and decide what to do, the states said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The states and the Bureau of Reclamation said they support Imperial’s call for federal funding for the Salton Sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imperial can work on its own timeline for the salty lake because the drought plan isn’t expected to negatively affect it, Reclamation Commissioner Brenda Burman said. The irrigation district can sign on now or join in the future, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Trying to get over the final hurdle to ratification, the Metropolitan Water District is wants to shoulder nearly all of California's water contribution, to the exclusion of another district that is holding out for federal money.\r\n\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848801,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":677},"headData":{"title":"Two California Water Agencies Battling Over Colorado River Drought Plan | KQED","description":"Trying to get over the final hurdle to ratification, the Metropolitan Water District is wants to shoulder nearly all of California's water contribution, to the exclusion of another district that is holding out for federal money.\r\n\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Two California Water Agencies Battling Over Colorado River Drought Plan","datePublished":"2019-03-14T20:35:19.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T01:06:41.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Associated Press","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Felicia Fonseca and Jonathan J. Cooper\u003cbr />Associated Press","path":"/science/1939094/two-california-water-agencies-tussling-over-colorado-river-drought-plan","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A major Southern California water agency is trying to push the state through a final hurdle in joining a larger plan to preserve a key river in the U.S. West that serves 40 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the seven states that get water from the Colorado River have signed off on plans to keep the waterway from crashing amid a prolonged drought, climate change and increased demands. But California and Arizona have not, missing deadlines from the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arizona has some work to do but nothing major holding it back. California, however, has two powerful water agencies fighting over how to get the drought contingency plan approved before U.S. officials possibly impose their own rules for water going to California, Arizona and Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Background: Colorado River Water Crisis ","postid":"science_1937377"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Metropolitan Water District is positioning itself to shoulder nearly all of California’s water contribution, with its board voting unanimously Tuesday to essentially write out of the drought plan another agency that gets more Colorado River water than anyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That agency, the Imperial Irrigation District, has said it won’t approve the plan unless the federal government agrees to commit $200 million to address the Salton Sea, a massive, briny lake southeast of Los Angeles that has become an environmental and health hazard in the Imperial and Coachella valleys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Metropolitan Water District — a massive agency that supplies drinking water to 19 million people in Southern California — would have to provide what could be nearly 2 million acre-feet of water between 2020 and 2026. An acre-foot serves about one to two average households a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metropolitan and Imperial were supposed to put up the lion’s share of the 200,000 to 350,000 acre-feet from California’s annual share of the deal. Two other agencies also have agreed to smaller contributions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That water would be stored behind Lake Mead on the Arizona-Nevada line to keep the key reservoir from dropping to drastically low levels. Water is delivered through Lake Mead to Arizona, California and Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more we delay, the harder it is to hold that deal together,” Metropolitan general manager Jeff Kightlinger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California isn’t required to contribute water under the drought plan unless Lake Mead drops to 1,045 feet (319 meters), which might not ever happen. But if it does, the Imperial Irrigation District said the public would likely demand that it contribute as the agency with the largest and oldest rights to Colorado River water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way to arrive at a resilient and durable drought contingency plan is for the parties to work through the Salton Sea issue, not around it,” Imperial general manager Henry Martinez told a Metropolitan Water District committee Monday. “Our two agencies have shown that we can do good things for the river and each other when we take the long view, and that capacity to see past the moment is what’s urgently needed now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation has given governors or their representatives in the seven states until March 19 to recommend the next steps after California and Arizona failed to meet its deadlines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming wrote to the Colorado River Board of California over the weekend, urging California to unite with them in seeking authorization from Congress for the drought plans. Without it, the states won’t be able to implement the plans, Mexico won’t contribute water and the federal government will step in and decide what to do, the states said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The states and the Bureau of Reclamation said they support Imperial’s call for federal funding for the Salton Sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imperial can work on its own timeline for the salty lake because the drought plan isn’t expected to negatively affect it, Reclamation Commissioner Brenda Burman said. The irrigation district can sign on now or join in the future, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1939094/two-california-water-agencies-tussling-over-colorado-river-drought-plan","authors":["byline_science_1939094"],"categories":["science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_3197","science_3838"],"featImg":"science_1937380","label":"source_science_1939094"},"science_1932779":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1932779","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1932779","score":null,"sort":[1539586909000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"states-take-on-urgent-negotiations-to-avoid-colorado-river-crisis","title":"States Take On Urgent Negotiations To Avoid Colorado River Crisis","publishDate":1539586909,"format":"standard","headTitle":"States Take On Urgent Negotiations To Avoid Colorado River Crisis | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>In 2007, years into a record-breaking drought throughout the southwestern U.S., officials along the Colorado River finally came to an agreement on how they’d deal with future water shortages — and then quietly hoped that wet weather would return.[contextly_sidebar id=”lliViJOAg1AmH71o9IssxV2yP7CUXru8″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it didn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those states are now back at the negotiating table to hammer out new deals to avoid a slow-moving crisis on the river system that supports 40 million people in seven Western states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extent of the problem can be seen in a place like Page, Ariz., on the southern edge of Lake Powell, the second-largest reservoir in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Pitt, who works on Colorado River policy for the National Audubon Society, is standing on an overlook peering down at the lake itself and the giant concrete dam holding it in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now you can tell that there’s a river here underneath this reservoir because it has somewhat of a linear shape,” Pitt says, tracing the red rock canyon with her finger. “And it’s wending its way towards where we’re standing, here, overlooking the Glen Canyon Dam.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The canyon beyond the dam is stained with a stark white ring. This past year was one of the driest on record, and this spring the reservoir only received about a third of the amount of water it does in an average year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past 20 years, Pitt says, demands for water have outstripped the supply, meaning Lake Powell and its sister reservoir, Lake Mead further downstream, continue to drop. Both are less than half full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pitt says without changes to how the two human-made lakes are managed, they could plummet to levels where no water can be released, referred to as “dead pool.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If that happened, that would be a catastrophe for this region’s economy, for all of the people who depend on the Colorado River, and for all of the wildlife that depends on it as well,” Pitt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Drought Contingency Planning\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That dystopian future of shuttered farms, dried up streams and water-stressed cities is one water managers, like the Upper Colorado River Commission’s James Eklund, are attempting to avoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Take Lake Mead,” Eklund says. “More is being taken out than comes into it. Like your bank account, if you do that over a sustained period you will run a deficit, and if you’re talking about water for 40 million people and economies that are massive — [the] fifth largest economy in the world [is what] the Colorado River Basin represents — then that’s significant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water managers are attempting to boost reservoir levels with a suite of agreements under the umbrella of “drought contingency planning.” The premise is simple: Cut water use now, and use that saved water to bump up Powell and Mead to help to avoid bigger problems in the future, when supplies are likely to be even tighter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water officials in Colorado, Utah, New Mexico and Wyoming are working on a plan that covers the river’s Upper Basin and focuses on boosting snowpack with weather modification, better managing existing reservoirs and creating a water bank in Lake Powell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Lower Basin plan, being worked on by officials in Arizona, California and Nevada, is meant to create new incentives for water users like farmers and cities to conserve water in Lake Mead and to agree to earlier, deeper cuts to water use so the reservoir can avoid dropping to dead pool levels.[contextly_sidebar id=”ypnzIKhd8oswgMF8IIqsSvTLobkLbuwa”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is clearly enough evidence that if we were to have another 2000 to 2004 kind of a multi-year drought, the system is in very serious trouble,” says Eric Kuhn, the former general manager of the Colorado River District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the current guidelines for river management were written back in 2007, he says people were feeling optimistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Historically we’ve always said, ‘Well, next year will be better,'” Kuhn says. “And that’s the easy way out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After just finishing one of the driest and hottest water years on record, much of that optimism is gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arizona has had the hardest time coming to an agreement due to intrastate battles over who will take cuts to water allocations and when they’ll take them. But states in the river’s Upper Basin have had issues, too, especially with the concept of ‘demand management.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the difficult one,” Kuhn says. “Somebody’s going to have to use less.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Economies Throughout the Southwest at Risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the process of using less water, Kuhn says, there’s a fear that if those cuts aren’t doled out fairly, it could injure economies throughout the southwest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last three years drought contingency plan negotiations have laid bare familiar tensions throughout the basin. For decades it’s been common for farmers and cities to point fingers at their each other’s collective water uses. The same is true with water managers protective of their own interests in either the Upper or Lower Basins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado River District officials and Western Slope agricultural interests have said they’re on board with a demand management program only if farmers are given a choice about how much water they give up, and that they’re paid for forgoing water deliveries to their operations. But state officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.aspentimes.com/news/local/mandatory-curtailment-of-water-rights-in-co-raised-as-possibility/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have left the door open\u003c/a> to mandatory cutbacks in a crisis.[contextly_sidebar id=”ICj6nMnvnky3gcPFFyp1vLcuWIFAamX7″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The thing we have to remember is [water use] in the basin is over 80 percent agriculture,” says Colby Pellegrino, who handles Colorado River issues for the Southern Nevada Water Authority, the Las Vegas metro area’s water utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pellegrino says current conservation programs, like their aggressive buyback of residential lawns, won’t be enough to avoid a crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can take out all the lawns we want and still not solve the problems that climate change is going to throw at us,” Pellegrino says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fear of Federal Intervention\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change is just one factor to get these deals done quickly. Another is pressure from the federal government. Officials with the U.S. Department of the Interior have given states an end-of-year deadline to get things done. If not, the assumption is the feds will step in and do it for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s, I think, a fear of everybody on the river especially in the Upper Basin,” says Jennifer Gimbel, a former Interior undersecretary, now with Colorado State University. “And the last thing we want is interference by the federal government in that role.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gimbel says the fate of the entire region hangs in the balance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at Glen Canyon Dam, the National Audubon Society’s Jennifer Pitt says it’s more than just the fates of people and economies tied up in river politics: an entire ecosystem is at stake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think a lot of people who care about wildlife in this region are concerned,” she says. “And it’s not just birds. Seventy percent of all wildlife in the arid West rely on rivers at some point in their life cycle. So it has outsized importance for anyone who appreciates nature in this part of the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of a project covering the Colorado River, produced by KUNC and supported through a Walton Family Foundation grant. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=When+In+Drought%3A+States+Take+On+Urgent+Negotiations+To+Avoid+Colorado+River+Crisis&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"After years of sustained drought, water managers along the Colorado River system are renegotiating water cutbacks to seven Western states, hoping to avoid more drastic shortages in the future.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927402,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":38,"wordCount":1304},"headData":{"title":"States Take On Urgent Negotiations To Avoid Colorado River Crisis | KQED","description":"After years of sustained drought, water managers along the Colorado River system are renegotiating water cutbacks to seven Western states, hoping to avoid more drastic shortages in the future.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"States Take On Urgent Negotiations To Avoid Colorado River Crisis","datePublished":"2018-10-15T07:01:49.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T22:56:42.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Water","sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"Luke Runyon","nprByline":"Luke Runyon, NPR","nprImageAgency":"KUNC","nprStoryId":"656343127","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=656343127&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/14/656343127/when-in-drought-states-take-on-urgent-negotiations-to-avoid-colorado-river-crisi?ft=nprml&f=656343127","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Sun, 14 Oct 2018 08:00:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Sun, 14 Oct 2018 08:00:48 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Sun, 14 Oct 2018 10:09:19 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/wesun/2018/10/20181014_wesun_when_in_drought_states_take_on_urgent_negotiations_to_avoid_colorado_river_crisis_.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1003&d=218&p=10&story=656343127&ft=nprml&f=656343127","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1657238925-2d62e7.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1003&d=218&p=10&story=656343127&ft=nprml&f=656343127","audioTrackLength":218,"path":"/science/1932779/states-take-on-urgent-negotiations-to-avoid-colorado-river-crisis","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/wesun/2018/10/20181014_wesun_when_in_drought_states_take_on_urgent_negotiations_to_avoid_colorado_river_crisis_.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1003&d=218&p=10&story=656343127&ft=nprml&f=656343127","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In 2007, years into a record-breaking drought throughout the southwestern U.S., officials along the Colorado River finally came to an agreement on how they’d deal with future water shortages — and then quietly hoped that wet weather would return.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it didn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those states are now back at the negotiating table to hammer out new deals to avoid a slow-moving crisis on the river system that supports 40 million people in seven Western states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extent of the problem can be seen in a place like Page, Ariz., on the southern edge of Lake Powell, the second-largest reservoir in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Pitt, who works on Colorado River policy for the National Audubon Society, is standing on an overlook peering down at the lake itself and the giant concrete dam holding it in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now you can tell that there’s a river here underneath this reservoir because it has somewhat of a linear shape,” Pitt says, tracing the red rock canyon with her finger. “And it’s wending its way towards where we’re standing, here, overlooking the Glen Canyon Dam.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The canyon beyond the dam is stained with a stark white ring. This past year was one of the driest on record, and this spring the reservoir only received about a third of the amount of water it does in an average year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past 20 years, Pitt says, demands for water have outstripped the supply, meaning Lake Powell and its sister reservoir, Lake Mead further downstream, continue to drop. Both are less than half full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pitt says without changes to how the two human-made lakes are managed, they could plummet to levels where no water can be released, referred to as “dead pool.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If that happened, that would be a catastrophe for this region’s economy, for all of the people who depend on the Colorado River, and for all of the wildlife that depends on it as well,” Pitt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Drought Contingency Planning\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That dystopian future of shuttered farms, dried up streams and water-stressed cities is one water managers, like the Upper Colorado River Commission’s James Eklund, are attempting to avoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Take Lake Mead,” Eklund says. “More is being taken out than comes into it. Like your bank account, if you do that over a sustained period you will run a deficit, and if you’re talking about water for 40 million people and economies that are massive — [the] fifth largest economy in the world [is what] the Colorado River Basin represents — then that’s significant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water managers are attempting to boost reservoir levels with a suite of agreements under the umbrella of “drought contingency planning.” The premise is simple: Cut water use now, and use that saved water to bump up Powell and Mead to help to avoid bigger problems in the future, when supplies are likely to be even tighter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water officials in Colorado, Utah, New Mexico and Wyoming are working on a plan that covers the river’s Upper Basin and focuses on boosting snowpack with weather modification, better managing existing reservoirs and creating a water bank in Lake Powell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Lower Basin plan, being worked on by officials in Arizona, California and Nevada, is meant to create new incentives for water users like farmers and cities to conserve water in Lake Mead and to agree to earlier, deeper cuts to water use so the reservoir can avoid dropping to dead pool levels.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is clearly enough evidence that if we were to have another 2000 to 2004 kind of a multi-year drought, the system is in very serious trouble,” says Eric Kuhn, the former general manager of the Colorado River District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the current guidelines for river management were written back in 2007, he says people were feeling optimistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Historically we’ve always said, ‘Well, next year will be better,'” Kuhn says. “And that’s the easy way out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After just finishing one of the driest and hottest water years on record, much of that optimism is gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arizona has had the hardest time coming to an agreement due to intrastate battles over who will take cuts to water allocations and when they’ll take them. But states in the river’s Upper Basin have had issues, too, especially with the concept of ‘demand management.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the difficult one,” Kuhn says. “Somebody’s going to have to use less.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Economies Throughout the Southwest at Risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the process of using less water, Kuhn says, there’s a fear that if those cuts aren’t doled out fairly, it could injure economies throughout the southwest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last three years drought contingency plan negotiations have laid bare familiar tensions throughout the basin. For decades it’s been common for farmers and cities to point fingers at their each other’s collective water uses. The same is true with water managers protective of their own interests in either the Upper or Lower Basins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado River District officials and Western Slope agricultural interests have said they’re on board with a demand management program only if farmers are given a choice about how much water they give up, and that they’re paid for forgoing water deliveries to their operations. But state officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.aspentimes.com/news/local/mandatory-curtailment-of-water-rights-in-co-raised-as-possibility/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have left the door open\u003c/a> to mandatory cutbacks in a crisis.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The thing we have to remember is [water use] in the basin is over 80 percent agriculture,” says Colby Pellegrino, who handles Colorado River issues for the Southern Nevada Water Authority, the Las Vegas metro area’s water utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pellegrino says current conservation programs, like their aggressive buyback of residential lawns, won’t be enough to avoid a crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can take out all the lawns we want and still not solve the problems that climate change is going to throw at us,” Pellegrino says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fear of Federal Intervention\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change is just one factor to get these deals done quickly. Another is pressure from the federal government. Officials with the U.S. Department of the Interior have given states an end-of-year deadline to get things done. If not, the assumption is the feds will step in and do it for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s, I think, a fear of everybody on the river especially in the Upper Basin,” says Jennifer Gimbel, a former Interior undersecretary, now with Colorado State University. “And the last thing we want is interference by the federal government in that role.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gimbel says the fate of the entire region hangs in the balance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at Glen Canyon Dam, the National Audubon Society’s Jennifer Pitt says it’s more than just the fates of people and economies tied up in river politics: an entire ecosystem is at stake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think a lot of people who care about wildlife in this region are concerned,” she says. “And it’s not just birds. Seventy percent of all wildlife in the arid West rely on rivers at some point in their life cycle. So it has outsized importance for anyone who appreciates nature in this part of the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of a project covering the Colorado River, produced by KUNC and supported through a Walton Family Foundation grant. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=When+In+Drought%3A+States+Take+On+Urgent+Negotiations+To+Avoid+Colorado+River+Crisis&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1932779/states-take-on-urgent-negotiations-to-avoid-colorado-river-crisis","authors":["byline_science_1932779"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_194","science_3197","science_572","science_192","science_201","science_804"],"featImg":"science_1932780","label":"source_science_1932779"},"science_1642514":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1642514","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1642514","score":null,"sort":[1494970972000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"salton-sea","title":"How the Colorado River’s Future Depends on California's Salton Sea","publishDate":1494970972,"format":"standard","headTitle":"How the Colorado River’s Future Depends on California’s Salton Sea | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>California’s largest lake, the Salton Sea, is an accident. It was created in 1905 when a levee broke on an irrigation canal, flooding a giant desert playa. Today it has become a sticking point in \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/11/16/drought-on-colorado-river-sparks-revolutionary-idea-sharing-water/\">negotiations between three states\u003c/a> over the future of the Colorado River.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\"> The Salton Sea now is a major stopover for birds on the Pacific Flyway. A total of 424 bird species have been observed on the Salton Sea so far.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The three states – California, Arizona and Nevada – are in the midst of negotiating a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cap-az.com/departments/planning/colorado-river-programs/drought-contingency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drought contingency plan\u003c/a> (DCP). It would commit each state to reducing diversions from the Colorado River in order to prevent Lake Mead from shrinking to disastrously low levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is relying on \u003ca href=\"http://www.iid.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Imperial Irrigation District\u003c/a> to make a significant contribution, because it is the largest single diverter of Colorado River water. But if the district reduces its diversions, that will mean less farm runoff draining into the \u003ca href=\"http://saltonsea.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Salton Sea\u003c/a>. This means the sea will shrink, causing a cascade of ecological problems for which the district is partly liable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help us understand all this, Water Deeply recently spoke with Michael Cohen, a senior research associate at the \u003ca href=\"http://pacinst.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pacific Institute\u003c/a>, a water policy think-tank based in Oakland. Cohen specializes in Salton Sea and Colorado River issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1642517\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen-800x561.jpeg\" alt=\"Michael Cohen of the Pacific Institute\" width=\"800\" height=\"561\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1642517\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen-800x561.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen-160x112.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen-768x538.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen-240x168.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen-375x263.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen-520x364.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen.jpeg 812w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Cohen of the Pacific Institute studies the Salton Sea and its implications for water management in the Colorado River system. \u003ccite>(Michael Cohen)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Why is the drought contingency plan (DCP) important?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Cohen: The DCP is important because, essentially, the Colorado River is over-allocated. Particularly in the lower basin, they have what’s called a structural deficit: In normal years, 1.2 million acre-feet [1.5 billion cubic meters] more water flows out of Lake Mead than flows in. So Lake Mead drops by roughly 12ft [3.6m] per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given that trajectory, it pretty quickly reaches dead pool, meaning there’s no water left in Mead, which then means no water for Southern California and the Central Arizona Project, and 90 percent of the Las Vegas metro area’s water supply dries up. So you’re talking about 30 million people who depend on Lake Mead. Not to mention 1 million acres [400,000 hectares] of irrigated land. And it’s a major hydropower producer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lake Mead is pretty critical to the Southwest generally. They’re trying with the DCP to avert this structural deficit and reduce the amount of water we’re taking out of Mead, to get it closer into balance with actual supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: How is the Salton Sea connected to these negotiations?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen: The DCP is connected to the Salton Sea because the plan expects that Imperial Irrigation District (IID) would take less water from the Colorado River. When Lake Mead drops to elevation 1,045, California is expected to reduce its take from the Colorado River, for the first time, by 200,000 acre-feet [250 million cubic meters]. In the most recent DCP terms I saw, Imperial Irrigation District would provide 60 percent of that reduction, so IID would reduce its take of the river by 120,000 acre-feet [150 million cubic meters].\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Can the DCP proceed without Imperial Irrigation District?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen: In theory it could, because the other California parties, the largest being Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, could say they’ll step up and meet California’s obligations. But in practice, Met is less likely to forego that amount of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IID has certainly stated they need some assurances on the Salton Sea before they move forward on the DCP. They’re a key player. Without IID, California can’t meet its DCP obligations. A 200,000–350,000 acre-foot [250–430 million cubic meters] reduction is counting on IID participation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: What effect does this have on the Salton Sea?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1642516\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-800x601.jpg\" alt=\"A map shows the location of the Salton Sea and the Colorado River Basin.\" width=\"800\" height=\"601\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1642516\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-800x601.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-768x577.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-1020x766.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-1180x887.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-960x721.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-375x282.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-520x391.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map shows the location of the Salton Sea and the Colorado River Basin. \u003ccite>(Central Basin Water District)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cohen: Somewhere in the order of 85 percent of the water flowing to the Salton Sea comes from the Imperial Valley. Essentially, it’s surface water and tile drainage from farm fields. As IID takes less water from the Colorado River, that means less water flows to the Salton Sea. Because the Salton Sea is a terminal lake, when less water flows in, the Salton Sea shrinks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the concern is that, because of the DCP, the Salton Sea would be smaller than it would be otherwise. As the sea shrinks, some of that land is exposed, and dust blows off that land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under existing regulations of the local air district, the landowner is responsible for dust that’s emitted off lands in the Imperial Valley. IID is a major landowner, particularly at the southern end of the Salton Sea, and IID is liable for a lot of the dust getting blown off the Salton Sea. So as the sea shrinks, it represents a direct cost to IID. That’s the crux of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sdcwa.org/quantification-settlement-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Quantification Settlement Agreement (QSA)\u003c/a> of 2003 (a water transfer from IID to San Diego), there was an agreement that said as the Salton Sea shrinks, essentially the state of California backstops liability or mitigation requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The QSA parties – Imperial Irrigation District, San Diego County Water Authority and Coachella Valley Water District – have met their responsibility to pay into a mitigation fund. But they capped it because they didn’t know what the total cost would be, although they knew it would be huge. So the state of California said, “We will assume liability for costs that exceed the costs these parties agreed to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IID has put the state on notice that it hasn’t lived up to its part of the deal, which is to put together a mitigation plan to deal with the Salton Sea as it shrinks. And now there are negotiations over the DCP, which is essentially going to exacerbate the situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Has there been any progress on that state’s mitigation plan?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen: The state came out [in March] with what they’re calling a “\u003ca href=\"http://resources.ca.gov/salton-sea/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">draft 10-year plan for the Salton Sea.\u003c/a>” The QSA allowed 15 years to come up with a plan, and it said in the interim we’re going to require IID to deliver mitigation water to offset the impacts of the transfer to San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this is the 15th year. So at the end of this year, that requirement goes away. And next year, the Salton Sea is going to start dropping very rapidly because it will no longer get that mitigation water from IID. All of a sudden, it’s going to receive 10–15 percent less water. So, essentially, it’s going over a cliff. IID is seeing this and saying, “Hold on, we need to deal with this problem before we move on to the DCP.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state really needed to do this plan five-plus years ago so these projects were being implemented now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Why is it a problem if the Salton Sea shrinks?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen: There are two main challenges. One is that it exposes lakebed, which creates dust, and that’s a major public health threat. The Imperial and Coachella valleys already fail to meet air-quality requirements, and asthma rates are already higher than the state average. So, your baseline is an already-bad air-quality situation, which is going to be exacerbated as the Salton Sea shrinks and more dust blows off that lakebed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next concern is that as the Salton Sea shrinks, it gets much saltier and other water-quality parameters also decline. Which means that, first, the fish die off. That’s already started to happen. Then a lot of the food sources for the birds die off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Salton Sea now is a major stopover for birds on the Pacific Flyway. A total of 424 bird species have been observed on the Salton Sea so far. And of course, in California there are far fewer wetlands than there were historically. We’ve dried up 90–95 percent of the wetlands in California. So these migratory birds have far fewer places to rest and refuel. The Salton Sea has filled that niche. As water quality continues to degrade, it’s no longer going to be able to provide that function.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Will the state’s 10-year plan satisfy IID?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen: I think that remains to be seen. IID was not satisfied with the draft they saw last December. But my hope is that California takes those concerns into consideration and redrafts the plan to meet those concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: What are the restoration costs at the Salton Sea?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen: We don’t know what the total cost is because it depends how much is dedicated to water quality versus air quality and how they allocate those costs. Odds are, we’re looking at $1 billion-plus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one of the benefits of the Salton Sea is we don’t need to pay for everything at once. Those projects can be phased in over time so you can pay for them over time. You can just build them as the sea recedes and you get benefits as you go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m hopeful that the pieces are starting to line up and we can start to see some progress. I think the governor is paying attention to this, the legislature is paying more attention. It’s a little late, but I think there’s still an opportunity to make a real difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some respects, dramatic change is inevitable at the Salton Sea. Essentially, what we’re going to shift from is a Salton Sea people recognize now to a very different, very managed system. But this managed system can still provide a lot of benefits. It could still be a very functional ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article originally appeared on \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Water Deeply\u003c/a>, and you can find it \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2017/05/16/how-the-colorado-rivers-future-depends-on-the-salton-sea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sign up\u003c/a> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California’s giant desert lake is key to negotiations over the future of Colorado River water supplies. It’s a battle between millions of water users and a complex and troubled ecosystem.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928743,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":38,"wordCount":1731},"headData":{"title":"How the Colorado River’s Future Depends on California's Salton Sea | KQED","description":"California’s giant desert lake is key to negotiations over the future of Colorado River water supplies. It’s a battle between millions of water users and a complex and troubled ecosystem.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How the Colorado River’s Future Depends on California's Salton Sea","datePublished":"2017-05-16T21:42:52.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:19:03.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Water Deeply","sourceUrl":"https://www.newsdeeply.com","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Matt Weiser","path":"/science/1642514/salton-sea","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s largest lake, the Salton Sea, is an accident. It was created in 1905 when a levee broke on an irrigation canal, flooding a giant desert playa. Today it has become a sticking point in \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/11/16/drought-on-colorado-river-sparks-revolutionary-idea-sharing-water/\">negotiations between three states\u003c/a> over the future of the Colorado River.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\"> The Salton Sea now is a major stopover for birds on the Pacific Flyway. A total of 424 bird species have been observed on the Salton Sea so far.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The three states – California, Arizona and Nevada – are in the midst of negotiating a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cap-az.com/departments/planning/colorado-river-programs/drought-contingency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drought contingency plan\u003c/a> (DCP). It would commit each state to reducing diversions from the Colorado River in order to prevent Lake Mead from shrinking to disastrously low levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is relying on \u003ca href=\"http://www.iid.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Imperial Irrigation District\u003c/a> to make a significant contribution, because it is the largest single diverter of Colorado River water. But if the district reduces its diversions, that will mean less farm runoff draining into the \u003ca href=\"http://saltonsea.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Salton Sea\u003c/a>. This means the sea will shrink, causing a cascade of ecological problems for which the district is partly liable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help us understand all this, Water Deeply recently spoke with Michael Cohen, a senior research associate at the \u003ca href=\"http://pacinst.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pacific Institute\u003c/a>, a water policy think-tank based in Oakland. Cohen specializes in Salton Sea and Colorado River issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1642517\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen-800x561.jpeg\" alt=\"Michael Cohen of the Pacific Institute\" width=\"800\" height=\"561\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1642517\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen-800x561.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen-160x112.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen-768x538.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen-240x168.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen-375x263.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen-520x364.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen.jpeg 812w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Cohen of the Pacific Institute studies the Salton Sea and its implications for water management in the Colorado River system. \u003ccite>(Michael Cohen)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Why is the drought contingency plan (DCP) important?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Cohen: The DCP is important because, essentially, the Colorado River is over-allocated. Particularly in the lower basin, they have what’s called a structural deficit: In normal years, 1.2 million acre-feet [1.5 billion cubic meters] more water flows out of Lake Mead than flows in. So Lake Mead drops by roughly 12ft [3.6m] per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given that trajectory, it pretty quickly reaches dead pool, meaning there’s no water left in Mead, which then means no water for Southern California and the Central Arizona Project, and 90 percent of the Las Vegas metro area’s water supply dries up. So you’re talking about 30 million people who depend on Lake Mead. Not to mention 1 million acres [400,000 hectares] of irrigated land. And it’s a major hydropower producer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lake Mead is pretty critical to the Southwest generally. They’re trying with the DCP to avert this structural deficit and reduce the amount of water we’re taking out of Mead, to get it closer into balance with actual supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: How is the Salton Sea connected to these negotiations?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen: The DCP is connected to the Salton Sea because the plan expects that Imperial Irrigation District (IID) would take less water from the Colorado River. When Lake Mead drops to elevation 1,045, California is expected to reduce its take from the Colorado River, for the first time, by 200,000 acre-feet [250 million cubic meters]. In the most recent DCP terms I saw, Imperial Irrigation District would provide 60 percent of that reduction, so IID would reduce its take of the river by 120,000 acre-feet [150 million cubic meters].\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Can the DCP proceed without Imperial Irrigation District?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen: In theory it could, because the other California parties, the largest being Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, could say they’ll step up and meet California’s obligations. But in practice, Met is less likely to forego that amount of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IID has certainly stated they need some assurances on the Salton Sea before they move forward on the DCP. They’re a key player. Without IID, California can’t meet its DCP obligations. A 200,000–350,000 acre-foot [250–430 million cubic meters] reduction is counting on IID participation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: What effect does this have on the Salton Sea?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1642516\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-800x601.jpg\" alt=\"A map shows the location of the Salton Sea and the Colorado River Basin.\" width=\"800\" height=\"601\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1642516\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-800x601.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-768x577.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-1020x766.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-1180x887.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-960x721.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-375x282.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-520x391.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map shows the location of the Salton Sea and the Colorado River Basin. \u003ccite>(Central Basin Water District)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cohen: Somewhere in the order of 85 percent of the water flowing to the Salton Sea comes from the Imperial Valley. Essentially, it’s surface water and tile drainage from farm fields. As IID takes less water from the Colorado River, that means less water flows to the Salton Sea. Because the Salton Sea is a terminal lake, when less water flows in, the Salton Sea shrinks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the concern is that, because of the DCP, the Salton Sea would be smaller than it would be otherwise. As the sea shrinks, some of that land is exposed, and dust blows off that land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under existing regulations of the local air district, the landowner is responsible for dust that’s emitted off lands in the Imperial Valley. IID is a major landowner, particularly at the southern end of the Salton Sea, and IID is liable for a lot of the dust getting blown off the Salton Sea. So as the sea shrinks, it represents a direct cost to IID. That’s the crux of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sdcwa.org/quantification-settlement-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Quantification Settlement Agreement (QSA)\u003c/a> of 2003 (a water transfer from IID to San Diego), there was an agreement that said as the Salton Sea shrinks, essentially the state of California backstops liability or mitigation requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The QSA parties – Imperial Irrigation District, San Diego County Water Authority and Coachella Valley Water District – have met their responsibility to pay into a mitigation fund. But they capped it because they didn’t know what the total cost would be, although they knew it would be huge. So the state of California said, “We will assume liability for costs that exceed the costs these parties agreed to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IID has put the state on notice that it hasn’t lived up to its part of the deal, which is to put together a mitigation plan to deal with the Salton Sea as it shrinks. And now there are negotiations over the DCP, which is essentially going to exacerbate the situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Has there been any progress on that state’s mitigation plan?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen: The state came out [in March] with what they’re calling a “\u003ca href=\"http://resources.ca.gov/salton-sea/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">draft 10-year plan for the Salton Sea.\u003c/a>” The QSA allowed 15 years to come up with a plan, and it said in the interim we’re going to require IID to deliver mitigation water to offset the impacts of the transfer to San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this is the 15th year. So at the end of this year, that requirement goes away. And next year, the Salton Sea is going to start dropping very rapidly because it will no longer get that mitigation water from IID. All of a sudden, it’s going to receive 10–15 percent less water. So, essentially, it’s going over a cliff. IID is seeing this and saying, “Hold on, we need to deal with this problem before we move on to the DCP.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state really needed to do this plan five-plus years ago so these projects were being implemented now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Why is it a problem if the Salton Sea shrinks?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen: There are two main challenges. One is that it exposes lakebed, which creates dust, and that’s a major public health threat. The Imperial and Coachella valleys already fail to meet air-quality requirements, and asthma rates are already higher than the state average. So, your baseline is an already-bad air-quality situation, which is going to be exacerbated as the Salton Sea shrinks and more dust blows off that lakebed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next concern is that as the Salton Sea shrinks, it gets much saltier and other water-quality parameters also decline. Which means that, first, the fish die off. That’s already started to happen. Then a lot of the food sources for the birds die off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Salton Sea now is a major stopover for birds on the Pacific Flyway. A total of 424 bird species have been observed on the Salton Sea so far. And of course, in California there are far fewer wetlands than there were historically. We’ve dried up 90–95 percent of the wetlands in California. So these migratory birds have far fewer places to rest and refuel. The Salton Sea has filled that niche. As water quality continues to degrade, it’s no longer going to be able to provide that function.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Will the state’s 10-year plan satisfy IID?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen: I think that remains to be seen. IID was not satisfied with the draft they saw last December. But my hope is that California takes those concerns into consideration and redrafts the plan to meet those concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: What are the restoration costs at the Salton Sea?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen: We don’t know what the total cost is because it depends how much is dedicated to water quality versus air quality and how they allocate those costs. Odds are, we’re looking at $1 billion-plus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one of the benefits of the Salton Sea is we don’t need to pay for everything at once. Those projects can be phased in over time so you can pay for them over time. You can just build them as the sea recedes and you get benefits as you go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m hopeful that the pieces are starting to line up and we can start to see some progress. I think the governor is paying attention to this, the legislature is paying more attention. It’s a little late, but I think there’s still an opportunity to make a real difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some respects, dramatic change is inevitable at the Salton Sea. Essentially, what we’re going to shift from is a Salton Sea people recognize now to a very different, very managed system. But this managed system can still provide a lot of benefits. It could still be a very functional ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article originally appeared on \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Water Deeply\u003c/a>, and you can find it \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2017/05/16/how-the-colorado-rivers-future-depends-on-the-salton-sea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sign up\u003c/a> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1642514/salton-sea","authors":["byline_science_1642514"],"series":["science_1151"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_1622","science_3197","science_572","science_813","science_201"],"featImg":"science_1642631","label":"source_science_1642514"},"science_1275131":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1275131","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1275131","score":null,"sort":[1483117252000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"future-of-the-colorado-river-basin-adaptation-not-apocalypse","title":"A Radical Idea for Managing Western Water: Cooperate","publishDate":1483117252,"format":"standard","headTitle":"A Radical Idea for Managing Western Water: Cooperate | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1151,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Excerpt from the introduction to “WATER IS FOR FIGHTING OVER… and Other Myths About Water in the West.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing in the dry bed of the Colorado River at San Luis in the Mexican state of Sonora, just south of the Arizona border, Manuel Campa was insistent. The Mexican border city, perched on a low mesa to the east, is not just “San Luis.” It is “San Luis \u003cem>Río Colorado\u003c/em>.” “It’s the only city that has the name ‘Rio Colorado,’” Campa, technical director of the city’s water utility, told me as we strolled the river’s sandy bottom on a warm spring morning. It took imagination to grasp what Campa was getting at. Nineteenth-century steamboats once passed this spot. The Colorado was once a river here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No more. The only thing capable of navigating the Rio Colorado’s bed that day was a four-wheeler with fat tires. Tamarisk, a scrappy invasive shrub, had long ago replaced native cottonwoods and willows along the river channel. Water-loving beavers, once common, seemed a comic impossibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last century, we have taken the river’s water, moving it through dams and canals to grow a hydraulic empire of farms and cities across the semi-arid \u003ca href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/watercensus/colorado.html\">Colorado River Basin\u003c/a>. By the time the Colorado River approaches its feeble desert end, most of its water has been diverted to Denver, Albuquerque, Phoenix, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Mexicali, and vast farmlands in between. Morelos Dam, twenty-two miles upstream from San Luis, diverts Mexico’s share of the water—the last of the river—to the rich, productive farmland of the Mexicali Valley and cities to the west.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first time I saw this, I was stunned. Driving the Yuma County levee past Morelos Dam in 2010, I saw the last trickles of water from leaks in the dam and a shallow water table disappear within a few miles into a sandy, dry channel. This great river, the Colorado, around which I have spent much of my life, whose water I have showered with and drunk, which has grown the food I eat and floated my boats for hundreds of miles, simply disappears into the desert sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1275249\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckCover-FinalFront-800x1199.jpg\" alt=\"fleckcover-finalfront\" width=\"401\" height=\"601\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckCover-FinalFront-800x1199.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckCover-FinalFront-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckCover-FinalFront-768x1151.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckCover-FinalFront-1020x1529.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckCover-FinalFront-1180x1769.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckCover-FinalFront-960x1439.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckCover-FinalFront-240x360.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckCover-FinalFront-375x562.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckCover-FinalFront-520x780.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckCover-FinalFront.jpg 1801w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 401px) 100vw, 401px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that spring day in 2014, Campa and I were awaiting something remarkable. In the midst of fourteen years of drought, with \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/06/21/what-lake-meads-record-low-means-for-california/\">reservoirs dropping upstream\u003c/a> and fears of water shortage gripping the Colorado River Basin, water managers were creating a modest “pulse flow,” meant to mimic a natural spring flood through the desiccated delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a test of how much water would be needed for native plants to come back to life and repopulate the area. But as the water arrived at San Luis, and for the weeks after, it became something more. The usually dry riverbed past the town turned into a fiesta as children who had never seen water here frolicked in a briefly flowing Rio Colorado. And at another, deeper level, it demonstrated unprecedented international cooperation to achieve a goal once thought impossible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Chinatown’ and the West’s narrative of crisis\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California burned through the summer of 2015, its fourth year of drought, geographer Daniel Grant described the myriad photos of cracked reservoir mud and dried irrigation ditches and their accompanying headlines as part of a “genre of apocalyptic prophecy” that functions, according to Grant, “by diagnosing a human misalignment with nature, and foresees a future in which nature—as a kind of secular deity—punishes our errant behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For much of my professional life as a writer, chronicling our uneasy existence in this arid place, I embraced this narrative. When I wrote stories about drought for the \u003cem>Albuquerque Journal\u003c/em>, we had an office joke about “the obligatory cracked mud photo.” The paper’s photographers and I would hover over stream-gauge data to find the driest stretch of New Mexico’s rivers, and it was always a bonus if they came back with an image that included a dead fish to punctuate the message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These stories resonate, dominating our understanding of life in the arid West. Thus it is that the classic movie \u003cem>Chinatown \u003c/em>has come to stand in for the history of Los Angeles water. It is a tale of villains bent on profit, messing with nature, and ultimately punished for their sins. To many, \u003cem>Chinatown \u003c/em>represents water management in LA, despite historians’ best efforts to remind us that it was just a movie, that things didn’t really happen that way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps no work is more important to the West’s narrative of crisis than journalist Marc Reisner’s epic \u003cem>Cadillac Desert\u003c/em>, ominously subtitled \u003cem>The American West and Its Disappearing Water\u003c/em>. Its core message, one commentator wrote later, was that the overbuilding of dams and overuse of water in the western United States would “catalyze an apocalyptic collapse of western US society.” Whether that is a fair characterization of Reisner’s work is an open question. \u003cem>Cadillac Desert\u003c/em> has become shorthand for the water crisis, with all varieties of doom attributed to Reisner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Reisner concentrated his fierce critique on what he saw as a corrupt process that overbuilt the West’s great plumbing system. The subtitle notwithstanding, \u003cem>Cadillac Desert \u003c/em>spends little time on the “disappearing water,” or the actual human consequences of water shortages. But neither did Reisner shy away from apocalyptic rhetoric. In the 1993 afterword to the book’s second edition, Reisner was explicit. California had just experienced what was at the time its worst drought on record, which, Reisner said, “qualifies best as punishment meted out to an impudent culture by an indignant God.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many who manage, engineer, utilize, plan for, and write about western water today, I grew up with the expectation of catastrophe. I first wrote about water shortage in California during that same late-1980s–early-‘90s drought Reisner bemoans. But as drought set in again across the Colorado River Basin in the first decade of the twenty-first century, I was forced to grapple with a contradiction: despite what Reisner had taught me, people’s faucets were still running. Their farms were not drying up. No city was left abandoned.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">When I wrote stories about drought for the \u003cem>Albuquerque Journal\u003c/em>, we had an office joke about “the obligatory cracked mud photo.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>I began asking the same question, again and again: when the water runs short, who actually runs out? What does that look like? Far from the punishment of an indignant God, I found instead a remarkable adaptability. In Doña Ana County on the Rio Grande in southern New Mexico, I saw farmers idle alfalfa and cotton fields, crops that bring low returns for each gallon of water, shifting scarce supplies to keep high-dollar pecan orchards healthy and productive. As water supplies dropped to record lows, farmers continued to prosper. New Mexico’s cities fared just as well. In the midst of the drought, Albuquerque cut its per capita water use nearly in half, and the great aquifer beneath the city actually began rising as a result of a shift in supply and reduced demands. Across the Colorado River Basin, I found the same story over and over, from the fountains of Las Vegas and Phoenix to the farms of Imperial and Yuma counties, to the sprawling coastal metropolis of LA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When people have less water, I realized, they use less water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In spite of the doomsday scenarios, westerners were coping, getting along with their business in the face of less water. Things might have been easier had we not made the mistakes Reisner so ably documented, but we did what we did and, as scarcity sets in, we are adjusting to the new realities. I have witnessed this resilience time and again as I travel the hydraulic landscape of the western United States. This book chronicles my attempt to understand and explain where that ability to adapt comes from, how it works, and how we can call on it to get us through the hard times ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Catastrophe, and Other Myths\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The catastrophe narrative isn’t just inaccurate—it promotes myths that actually stand in the way of solving our problems. Most obvious is the myth that “water’s for fighting over.” The quote is wrongly attributed to Mark Twain, but it’s also just plain wrong. Fighting rarely solves water problems, and scholars have found that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/11/16/drought-on-colorado-river-sparks-revolutionary-idea-sharing-water/\">collaborative agreements\u003c/a> are far more common than winner-take-all fights, whether in the courts or with guns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most pervasive of the myths is that we are “about to run out of water.” I’ve heard it countless times, and it usually follows a predictable pattern. Today, we need this much water to support this many people and this much farming. As either grows, we’ll need more water, the narrative would suggest. When the “need” line crosses the supply line, we will “run out.” This ignores history, where again and again we have seen both city and farm communities adapt and continue to grow and prosper without using more water — often, in fact, using less. But that deeply held fear of “running out” of water feeds back into the first myths, triggering a limbic response to protect “our share” against others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And therein lies the risk. If everyone ignores their own adaptive capacity and simply fights for more, or even fights for the share they’ve got now in a shrinking system, we are led headlong into conflict, with dangerous results. If instead we recognize our ability to make do with less, and invest in institutions that facilitate water sharing, we can create systems for robust, flexible, and equitable water allocation. Only then can we preserve the West that we have all come to inhabit, know, and love.[contextly_sidebar id=”8JoJzwxvx0fnrr0ZWKZE0kbjUlbv1m42″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Stories of Success\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are success stories in the recent history of the Colorado River’s management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first type of success story involves communities that have found a way to use less water. It happens at many different scales and among many different types of water users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big cities, like Albuquerque and Las Vegas, have shown remarkable conservation success, with populations continuing to grow in recent decades even as water use goes down. Regional water managers at agencies like the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California and the Central Arizona Water Conservation District have developed innovative, flexible new approaches to managing supplies; storm-water capture, sewage reuse, aquifer storage, and other similar innovations have diversified sources of water and provided a buffer against drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farm communities also have demonstrated the ability to do more with less, with agriculture thriving in California’s Imperial Valley and Yuma, Arizona, even as they face pressure from outsiders charging that their water use is wasteful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These stories are crucial in part because they show communities working with the cards they were dealt. When fighting over water, it is easy to say, “We can no longer afford to grow alfalfa in the desert,” or “We can no longer afford a Phoenix or Las Vegas.” Simply cutting off a few limbs would eliminate the deficit that causes the reservoirs to keep dropping. I reject that approach for two reasons. First, there are questions of justice and equity in deciding which communities stay and continue to use water and which communities must go. Second, though, and more important, we have no omniscient power giving us the ability to decide which water uses will continue. When we decide our future, the Imperial Valley and Las Vegas are at the table, defending their right to exist. As a result, the only tractable plans are ones that work with current water users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1275250\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1275250\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckAuthorPhoto-800x673.jpg\" alt=\"John Fleck at Morelos Dam, at start of pulse flow.\" width=\"800\" height=\"673\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckAuthorPhoto-800x673.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckAuthorPhoto-160x135.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckAuthorPhoto-768x646.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckAuthorPhoto-1020x858.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckAuthorPhoto-1920x1614.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckAuthorPhoto-1180x992.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckAuthorPhoto-960x807.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckAuthorPhoto-240x202.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckAuthorPhoto-375x315.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckAuthorPhoto-520x437.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Fleck at Morelos Dam, at start of pulse flow. \u003ccite>(Karl Flessa)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But these successes have not been enough, something that can be seen most clearly in Lake Mead itself, the first great reservoir that stores the Colorado River’s water for millions of people downstream. Despite the hope offered by the success stories described above, we have not done enough. Lake Mead continues to shrink. Water users continue to take more out of the Colorado River system than nature puts in, keeping us on an unsustainable path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Party in the Colorado River\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond the water banking agreements and lawn buyback programs and agriculture-to-urban transfers that will be needed to succeed is a fuzzy, at times difficult to grasp, often imperfect but nevertheless critical element to solving the Colorado River’s problems. Participants have come to call it “the network.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The network is a sometimes formal but often informal group of lawyers, engineers, hydrologists, farmers, water managers, diplomats, and environmentalists who have been working together on these issues, often for decades. Meeting in conferences, on river trips, and in hotel bars, they must hold the seemingly contradictory goals of zealously guarding their own communities’ water supplies while at the same time figuring out how we all can share as shortage looms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This disparate group keeps what one participant has described as a “laser-like focus” on the big problems posed by the dropping reservoirs. They are the ones who have to figure out how our society can live with less water. This is where our adaptive capacity must come from.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Scholars have found that collaborative agreements are far more common than winner-take-all fights, whether in the courts or with guns.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The first time I wrote about Terry Fulp, a key manager with the Bureau of Reclamation, I described him as “the closest thing we have to a guy with his hand on the tap that controls the vast plumbing system built over the past century to distribute the Colorado’s waters.” But I have come to realize in the years since I published that line in 2009 that, in reality, no one has their hand on the tap, and nobody has the ability to turn it down. Instead, we’ve built a decentralized system with no one in charge. This means that the only possible solutions are those that can emerge from the collaboration of the network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is why the scene I stumbled on one late afternoon in March 2014, in the sandy bed of the Colorado River near the Mexican town of San Luis Río Colorado, was so heartening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those brief few weeks, water was flowing and the residents converged on the normally dry riverbed for a rollicking, soccer-ball-kicking, four-wheel-driving, beer-drinking party. Remarkably, the Colorado River Basin’s managers had all agreed to lower Lake Mead just a bit, to release some of their precious water, in order to bring a dead river channel in Mexico back to life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I rolled up around suppertime after a day with a group of scientists and journalists. There seemed no finer place on Earth at that moment than the party beneath the San Luis Bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There, amid the festivities, with no tie, barefoot, his suit jacket off and the legs of his dress pants rolled up, I found Terry Fulp with a group of friends, wading in the Colorado River. Fulp had been part of a stuffy official delegation earlier in the day, driven in armored State Department Chevrolet Suburbans to tour the newly flowing river. But at their last stop, Fulp bailed out of the official caravan to get a ride home with his friends, a group of environmentalists who had been working for more than a decade toward this day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the network—old friends on opposite sides of what were once great divides: the conflict between environmentalists and the West’s great water management agency, the conflict between Mexico and the United States, and the conflict between farms and cities for scarce water. They were standing, smiling themselves silly, in a river channel in Mexico, sharing a historic moment as a river slipped past them on a trip to rejoin the sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Adapted excerpt from “\u003ca href=\"https://islandpress.org/book/water-is-for-fighting-over\">WATER IS FOR FIGHTING OVER… and Other Myths About Water in the West\u003c/a>” by John Fleck. Copyright © 2016. Available from Island Press. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jfleck\">https://twitter.com/jfleck \u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"If we can recognize our existing ability to make do with less water, we can preserve the West, writes author John Fleck in this excerpt from his book, 'WATER IS FOR FIGHTING OVER… and Other Myths About Water in the West.'","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704929254,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":42,"wordCount":2783},"headData":{"title":"A Radical Idea for Managing Western Water: Cooperate | KQED","description":"If we can recognize our existing ability to make do with less water, we can preserve the West, writes author John Fleck in this excerpt from his book, 'WATER IS FOR FIGHTING OVER… and Other Myths About Water in the West.'","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"A Radical Idea for Managing Western Water: Cooperate","datePublished":"2016-12-30T17:00:52.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:27:34.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003cstrong>John Fleck\u003c/strong>","path":"/science/1275131/future-of-the-colorado-river-basin-adaptation-not-apocalypse","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Excerpt from the introduction to “WATER IS FOR FIGHTING OVER… and Other Myths About Water in the West.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing in the dry bed of the Colorado River at San Luis in the Mexican state of Sonora, just south of the Arizona border, Manuel Campa was insistent. The Mexican border city, perched on a low mesa to the east, is not just “San Luis.” It is “San Luis \u003cem>Río Colorado\u003c/em>.” “It’s the only city that has the name ‘Rio Colorado,’” Campa, technical director of the city’s water utility, told me as we strolled the river’s sandy bottom on a warm spring morning. It took imagination to grasp what Campa was getting at. Nineteenth-century steamboats once passed this spot. The Colorado was once a river here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No more. The only thing capable of navigating the Rio Colorado’s bed that day was a four-wheeler with fat tires. Tamarisk, a scrappy invasive shrub, had long ago replaced native cottonwoods and willows along the river channel. Water-loving beavers, once common, seemed a comic impossibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last century, we have taken the river’s water, moving it through dams and canals to grow a hydraulic empire of farms and cities across the semi-arid \u003ca href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/watercensus/colorado.html\">Colorado River Basin\u003c/a>. By the time the Colorado River approaches its feeble desert end, most of its water has been diverted to Denver, Albuquerque, Phoenix, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Mexicali, and vast farmlands in between. Morelos Dam, twenty-two miles upstream from San Luis, diverts Mexico’s share of the water—the last of the river—to the rich, productive farmland of the Mexicali Valley and cities to the west.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first time I saw this, I was stunned. Driving the Yuma County levee past Morelos Dam in 2010, I saw the last trickles of water from leaks in the dam and a shallow water table disappear within a few miles into a sandy, dry channel. This great river, the Colorado, around which I have spent much of my life, whose water I have showered with and drunk, which has grown the food I eat and floated my boats for hundreds of miles, simply disappears into the desert sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1275249\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckCover-FinalFront-800x1199.jpg\" alt=\"fleckcover-finalfront\" width=\"401\" height=\"601\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckCover-FinalFront-800x1199.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckCover-FinalFront-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckCover-FinalFront-768x1151.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckCover-FinalFront-1020x1529.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckCover-FinalFront-1180x1769.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckCover-FinalFront-960x1439.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckCover-FinalFront-240x360.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckCover-FinalFront-375x562.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckCover-FinalFront-520x780.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckCover-FinalFront.jpg 1801w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 401px) 100vw, 401px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that spring day in 2014, Campa and I were awaiting something remarkable. In the midst of fourteen years of drought, with \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/06/21/what-lake-meads-record-low-means-for-california/\">reservoirs dropping upstream\u003c/a> and fears of water shortage gripping the Colorado River Basin, water managers were creating a modest “pulse flow,” meant to mimic a natural spring flood through the desiccated delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a test of how much water would be needed for native plants to come back to life and repopulate the area. But as the water arrived at San Luis, and for the weeks after, it became something more. The usually dry riverbed past the town turned into a fiesta as children who had never seen water here frolicked in a briefly flowing Rio Colorado. And at another, deeper level, it demonstrated unprecedented international cooperation to achieve a goal once thought impossible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Chinatown’ and the West’s narrative of crisis\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California burned through the summer of 2015, its fourth year of drought, geographer Daniel Grant described the myriad photos of cracked reservoir mud and dried irrigation ditches and their accompanying headlines as part of a “genre of apocalyptic prophecy” that functions, according to Grant, “by diagnosing a human misalignment with nature, and foresees a future in which nature—as a kind of secular deity—punishes our errant behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For much of my professional life as a writer, chronicling our uneasy existence in this arid place, I embraced this narrative. When I wrote stories about drought for the \u003cem>Albuquerque Journal\u003c/em>, we had an office joke about “the obligatory cracked mud photo.” The paper’s photographers and I would hover over stream-gauge data to find the driest stretch of New Mexico’s rivers, and it was always a bonus if they came back with an image that included a dead fish to punctuate the message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These stories resonate, dominating our understanding of life in the arid West. Thus it is that the classic movie \u003cem>Chinatown \u003c/em>has come to stand in for the history of Los Angeles water. It is a tale of villains bent on profit, messing with nature, and ultimately punished for their sins. To many, \u003cem>Chinatown \u003c/em>represents water management in LA, despite historians’ best efforts to remind us that it was just a movie, that things didn’t really happen that way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps no work is more important to the West’s narrative of crisis than journalist Marc Reisner’s epic \u003cem>Cadillac Desert\u003c/em>, ominously subtitled \u003cem>The American West and Its Disappearing Water\u003c/em>. Its core message, one commentator wrote later, was that the overbuilding of dams and overuse of water in the western United States would “catalyze an apocalyptic collapse of western US society.” Whether that is a fair characterization of Reisner’s work is an open question. \u003cem>Cadillac Desert\u003c/em> has become shorthand for the water crisis, with all varieties of doom attributed to Reisner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Reisner concentrated his fierce critique on what he saw as a corrupt process that overbuilt the West’s great plumbing system. The subtitle notwithstanding, \u003cem>Cadillac Desert \u003c/em>spends little time on the “disappearing water,” or the actual human consequences of water shortages. But neither did Reisner shy away from apocalyptic rhetoric. In the 1993 afterword to the book’s second edition, Reisner was explicit. California had just experienced what was at the time its worst drought on record, which, Reisner said, “qualifies best as punishment meted out to an impudent culture by an indignant God.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many who manage, engineer, utilize, plan for, and write about western water today, I grew up with the expectation of catastrophe. I first wrote about water shortage in California during that same late-1980s–early-‘90s drought Reisner bemoans. But as drought set in again across the Colorado River Basin in the first decade of the twenty-first century, I was forced to grapple with a contradiction: despite what Reisner had taught me, people’s faucets were still running. Their farms were not drying up. No city was left abandoned.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">When I wrote stories about drought for the \u003cem>Albuquerque Journal\u003c/em>, we had an office joke about “the obligatory cracked mud photo.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>I began asking the same question, again and again: when the water runs short, who actually runs out? What does that look like? Far from the punishment of an indignant God, I found instead a remarkable adaptability. In Doña Ana County on the Rio Grande in southern New Mexico, I saw farmers idle alfalfa and cotton fields, crops that bring low returns for each gallon of water, shifting scarce supplies to keep high-dollar pecan orchards healthy and productive. As water supplies dropped to record lows, farmers continued to prosper. New Mexico’s cities fared just as well. In the midst of the drought, Albuquerque cut its per capita water use nearly in half, and the great aquifer beneath the city actually began rising as a result of a shift in supply and reduced demands. Across the Colorado River Basin, I found the same story over and over, from the fountains of Las Vegas and Phoenix to the farms of Imperial and Yuma counties, to the sprawling coastal metropolis of LA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When people have less water, I realized, they use less water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In spite of the doomsday scenarios, westerners were coping, getting along with their business in the face of less water. Things might have been easier had we not made the mistakes Reisner so ably documented, but we did what we did and, as scarcity sets in, we are adjusting to the new realities. I have witnessed this resilience time and again as I travel the hydraulic landscape of the western United States. This book chronicles my attempt to understand and explain where that ability to adapt comes from, how it works, and how we can call on it to get us through the hard times ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Catastrophe, and Other Myths\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The catastrophe narrative isn’t just inaccurate—it promotes myths that actually stand in the way of solving our problems. Most obvious is the myth that “water’s for fighting over.” The quote is wrongly attributed to Mark Twain, but it’s also just plain wrong. Fighting rarely solves water problems, and scholars have found that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/11/16/drought-on-colorado-river-sparks-revolutionary-idea-sharing-water/\">collaborative agreements\u003c/a> are far more common than winner-take-all fights, whether in the courts or with guns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most pervasive of the myths is that we are “about to run out of water.” I’ve heard it countless times, and it usually follows a predictable pattern. Today, we need this much water to support this many people and this much farming. As either grows, we’ll need more water, the narrative would suggest. When the “need” line crosses the supply line, we will “run out.” This ignores history, where again and again we have seen both city and farm communities adapt and continue to grow and prosper without using more water — often, in fact, using less. But that deeply held fear of “running out” of water feeds back into the first myths, triggering a limbic response to protect “our share” against others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And therein lies the risk. If everyone ignores their own adaptive capacity and simply fights for more, or even fights for the share they’ve got now in a shrinking system, we are led headlong into conflict, with dangerous results. If instead we recognize our ability to make do with less, and invest in institutions that facilitate water sharing, we can create systems for robust, flexible, and equitable water allocation. Only then can we preserve the West that we have all come to inhabit, know, and love.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Stories of Success\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are success stories in the recent history of the Colorado River’s management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first type of success story involves communities that have found a way to use less water. It happens at many different scales and among many different types of water users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big cities, like Albuquerque and Las Vegas, have shown remarkable conservation success, with populations continuing to grow in recent decades even as water use goes down. Regional water managers at agencies like the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California and the Central Arizona Water Conservation District have developed innovative, flexible new approaches to managing supplies; storm-water capture, sewage reuse, aquifer storage, and other similar innovations have diversified sources of water and provided a buffer against drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farm communities also have demonstrated the ability to do more with less, with agriculture thriving in California’s Imperial Valley and Yuma, Arizona, even as they face pressure from outsiders charging that their water use is wasteful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These stories are crucial in part because they show communities working with the cards they were dealt. When fighting over water, it is easy to say, “We can no longer afford to grow alfalfa in the desert,” or “We can no longer afford a Phoenix or Las Vegas.” Simply cutting off a few limbs would eliminate the deficit that causes the reservoirs to keep dropping. I reject that approach for two reasons. First, there are questions of justice and equity in deciding which communities stay and continue to use water and which communities must go. Second, though, and more important, we have no omniscient power giving us the ability to decide which water uses will continue. When we decide our future, the Imperial Valley and Las Vegas are at the table, defending their right to exist. As a result, the only tractable plans are ones that work with current water users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1275250\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1275250\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckAuthorPhoto-800x673.jpg\" alt=\"John Fleck at Morelos Dam, at start of pulse flow.\" width=\"800\" height=\"673\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckAuthorPhoto-800x673.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckAuthorPhoto-160x135.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckAuthorPhoto-768x646.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckAuthorPhoto-1020x858.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckAuthorPhoto-1920x1614.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckAuthorPhoto-1180x992.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckAuthorPhoto-960x807.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckAuthorPhoto-240x202.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckAuthorPhoto-375x315.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/FleckAuthorPhoto-520x437.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Fleck at Morelos Dam, at start of pulse flow. \u003ccite>(Karl Flessa)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But these successes have not been enough, something that can be seen most clearly in Lake Mead itself, the first great reservoir that stores the Colorado River’s water for millions of people downstream. Despite the hope offered by the success stories described above, we have not done enough. Lake Mead continues to shrink. Water users continue to take more out of the Colorado River system than nature puts in, keeping us on an unsustainable path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Party in the Colorado River\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond the water banking agreements and lawn buyback programs and agriculture-to-urban transfers that will be needed to succeed is a fuzzy, at times difficult to grasp, often imperfect but nevertheless critical element to solving the Colorado River’s problems. Participants have come to call it “the network.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The network is a sometimes formal but often informal group of lawyers, engineers, hydrologists, farmers, water managers, diplomats, and environmentalists who have been working together on these issues, often for decades. Meeting in conferences, on river trips, and in hotel bars, they must hold the seemingly contradictory goals of zealously guarding their own communities’ water supplies while at the same time figuring out how we all can share as shortage looms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This disparate group keeps what one participant has described as a “laser-like focus” on the big problems posed by the dropping reservoirs. They are the ones who have to figure out how our society can live with less water. This is where our adaptive capacity must come from.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Scholars have found that collaborative agreements are far more common than winner-take-all fights, whether in the courts or with guns.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The first time I wrote about Terry Fulp, a key manager with the Bureau of Reclamation, I described him as “the closest thing we have to a guy with his hand on the tap that controls the vast plumbing system built over the past century to distribute the Colorado’s waters.” But I have come to realize in the years since I published that line in 2009 that, in reality, no one has their hand on the tap, and nobody has the ability to turn it down. Instead, we’ve built a decentralized system with no one in charge. This means that the only possible solutions are those that can emerge from the collaboration of the network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is why the scene I stumbled on one late afternoon in March 2014, in the sandy bed of the Colorado River near the Mexican town of San Luis Río Colorado, was so heartening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those brief few weeks, water was flowing and the residents converged on the normally dry riverbed for a rollicking, soccer-ball-kicking, four-wheel-driving, beer-drinking party. Remarkably, the Colorado River Basin’s managers had all agreed to lower Lake Mead just a bit, to release some of their precious water, in order to bring a dead river channel in Mexico back to life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I rolled up around suppertime after a day with a group of scientists and journalists. There seemed no finer place on Earth at that moment than the party beneath the San Luis Bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There, amid the festivities, with no tie, barefoot, his suit jacket off and the legs of his dress pants rolled up, I found Terry Fulp with a group of friends, wading in the Colorado River. Fulp had been part of a stuffy official delegation earlier in the day, driven in armored State Department Chevrolet Suburbans to tour the newly flowing river. But at their last stop, Fulp bailed out of the official caravan to get a ride home with his friends, a group of environmentalists who had been working for more than a decade toward this day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the network—old friends on opposite sides of what were once great divides: the conflict between environmentalists and the West’s great water management agency, the conflict between Mexico and the United States, and the conflict between farms and cities for scarce water. They were standing, smiling themselves silly, in a river channel in Mexico, sharing a historic moment as a river slipped past them on a trip to rejoin the sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Adapted excerpt from “\u003ca href=\"https://islandpress.org/book/water-is-for-fighting-over\">WATER IS FOR FIGHTING OVER… and Other Myths About Water in the West\u003c/a>” by John Fleck. Copyright © 2016. Available from Island Press. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jfleck\">https://twitter.com/jfleck \u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1275131/future-of-the-colorado-river-basin-adaptation-not-apocalypse","authors":["byline_science_1275131"],"series":["science_1151"],"categories":["science_31","science_89","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_3197","science_572"],"featImg":"science_1275817","label":"science_1151"},"science_1164175":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1164175","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1164175","score":null,"sort":[1479304851000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"drought-on-colorado-river-sparks-revolutionary-idea-sharing-water","title":"Drought on Colorado River Sparks Revolutionary Idea: Sharing Water","publishDate":1479304851,"format":"image","headTitle":"Drought on Colorado River Sparks Revolutionary Idea: Sharing Water | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Business as usual on the Colorado River may be about to come to a screeching halt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the worst recorded droughts in human history has stretched water supplies thin across the far-reaching river basin, which serves 40 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowhere is this more obvious than Lake Mead, which straddles the border of Arizona and Nevada. The water level in the country’s largest manmade reservoir has been plummeting; it’s now only 38 percent full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an official water shortage imminent, Arizona, Nevada and California are taking matters into their own hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The states are hammering out a voluntary agreement to cut their water use — an approach some consider revolutionary after so many decades of fighting and lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cooperation springs from self-preservation. If Lake Mead drops too low, the federal government could step in and reallocate the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Can we get through? Yes, but not the same way we got through the last 100 years.’\u003ccite>Pat Mulroy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>At the same time, upper basin states like Colorado and Wyoming want to use more Colorado River water — something they’re legally entitled to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Colorado, Denver Water is in the final stages of seeking approval on a water storage project that would take more water out of the Colorado River. Wyoming is researching whether to store more water from the Green River, a Colorado tributary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Utah is discussing whether to build a pipeline to transport water from Lake Powell, the reservoir found up river from Lake Mead along the Utah-Arizona border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add in the likely impacts of climate change and how it’s affecting the Colorado River basin and you have an increasingly complex and challenging picture developing for the 21st century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pat Mulroy, a senior fellow at the William S. Boyd School of Law at the University of Nevada Las Vegas and a leading Western water expert, says the time for a new toolbox and ideas to approach water management has arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There won’t be any winners and losers,” Mulroy says, unless Colorado River states move beyond the fighting and lawsuits of the last century as they try to adapt to the next century. “There will only be losers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Upper Basin States Want More Storage\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a silent miracle that delivers water every day to Denver Water’s 1.4 million customers. For decades, the Fraser River, a tributary of the Colorado River, has flowed through a manmade system of dams, diversions and tunnels beneath the Continental Divide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A critical linchpin sits just outside Boulder. Gross Reservoir is a man-made lake that provides reliable storage for Denver Water. Retired IBM workers Beverly Kurtz and Tim Guenthner live just out of eyesight from the reservoir. For Kurtz, that’s on purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s choking off a wild river which in my opinion is never a good thing,” Kurtz says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1164303\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1164303\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir.jpg\" alt=\"Beverly Kurtz and Tim Guenthner live near Gross Reservoir outside Boulder and oppose a reservoir expansion project. Denver Water is seeking to raise the dam behind them 131 feet.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1313\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-160x109.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-800x547.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-768x525.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-1020x698.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-1180x807.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-960x657.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-240x164.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-375x256.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-520x356.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beverly Kurtz and Tim Guenthner live near Gross Reservoir outside Boulder and oppose a reservoir expansion project. Denver Water is seeking to raise the dam behind them 131 feet. \u003ccite>(Grace Hood/CPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The couple have a new-found job in retirement. It’s fighting a proposed expansion to Gross Reservoir’s dam. Denver Water wants to raise the dam by 131 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t make sense to build a multi-million dollar dam and disrupt the environment here, when down the line,” Kurtz says. “That’s not going to solve the problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that Colorado’s population is expected to nearly double by 2050. A carefully crafted water plan by Colorado’s top chiefs calls for 400,000 more acre feet of storage, and 400,000 additional acre feet of conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denver Water CEO Jim Lochhead says more storage is an important part of the solution. It’s also an insurance policy against future drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From Denver Water’s perspective, if we can’t provide clean, reliable, sustainable water 100 years from now to our customers, we’re not doing our jobs,” says Lochhead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the proposed expansion of Gross Reservoir, Denver Water took a new approach. The agency worked with environmental groups and Western Slope water interests on the Colorado River Cooperative Agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the effort involves Denver Water actively working on the Fraser River to narrow the stream channel and restore the river. If the agency gets the green light to expand Gross, it would be required to keep a formal relationship with environmental groups and local governments through the life of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/293230158″ params=”auto_play=false&hide_related=true&show_comments=false&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true” width=”100%” height=”300″ iframe=”true” /]But that expansion is still expected to decrease stream flows by about one half of what they are now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Wyoming, state engineer Pat Tyrrell says the state is studying whether to store more water from the Green River, another Colorado River tributary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel we have some room to grow. But we understand that growth comes with risk,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s risk because Wyoming could expand reservoirs with proper permits. In 10 or 20 years there may not be enough water to fill that storage — or deliver enough water to existing reservoirs like Lake Powell. Upper basin states have developed a contingency plan to make sure that happens in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Imbalance Between Supply and Demand\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What unites all water planners from Colorado down to California is the need for certainty. They need confidence there will be enough water to fuel population and agricultural growth. And there’s a huge new wildcard in the deck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate change upsets all aspects of the water cycle,” says Brad Udall, Senior Water and Climate Scientist at the Colorado Water Institute at Colorado State University. He says hotter temperatures and drought make certainty a thing of the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”Lh4Bea3bDk0rRmssEqlXBdk5irZlMba8″]Udall says a 16-year drought has dramatically decreased water supply. This recent past could be indicative of what the future holds. He worries that flows across the basin could be reduced by as much as 20 percent by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that temperatures are going to go up,” Udall says. “We know the temperature increases will influence the river flows, and that influence is likely to be strongly downward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now users along the Colorado River face a critical juncture. Deputy Secretary of the Interior Michael Connor recognizes the stress that climate change could have on future water supply. He also understands how overallocated the river is now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The imbalance between supply and demand, is just going to increase over the next 50 years if we don’t have some very strategic plans that we put in place,” Connor says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lower Basin States Turn to Cooperation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Downstream, the imbalance between supply and demand is already a reality. With an historic water shortage on the horizon, California, Arizona and Nevada are working on a voluntary agreement to cut back water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are especially high in California, where Colorado River water has played a critical role in the state’s five year drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been the reliable source of water for us,” says Jeffrey Kightlinger, manager of the Metropolitan Water District, a water wholesaler that serves 19 million people in Southern California, and major power player in California water policy. “We’ve been getting hardly anything from Northern California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/293229143″ params=”auto_play=false&hide_related=true&show_comments=false&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true” width=”100%” height=”300″ iframe=”true” /]At least a quarter of Metropolitan’s water supply comes from the Colorado River, which is delivered through a 240-mile aqueduct that stretches to the Arizona border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That supply is reaching a crisis point. Lake Mead could drop so low in 2017, an unprecedented shortage could be declared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’ll be a historic moment,” Kightlinger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arizona and Nevada would be forced to cut back on how much water they draw from the river. California wouldn’t be required to, because it has senior water rights. But if levels in Lake Mead keep dropping, the federal government could step in and reallocate the water, including California’s share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a last-ditch effort to avoid that, the three states are hashing out a voluntary agreement. Arizona and Nevada are considering deeper water cuts, if California agrees to cuts amounting to somewhere between five and eight percent of its supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all realize if we model the future and we build in climate change, we could be in a world of hurt if we do nothing,” says Kightlinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These negotiations would have been unthinkable just a decade ago, Kightlinger says. The three states have years of bad blood among them over the river. Most disagreements have been settled with lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some, that’s not easy to forget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know there’s a target on our back in Imperial Valley for the amount of water we use,” says farmer Steve Benson, checking on one of his alfalfa fields near the Mexican border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The valley produces two-thirds of the country’s vegetables in the winter. Its sole source of water is the Colorado River. Benson sees little reason to share it because the district has senior water rights that trump the rights of Metropolitan Water District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Other districts need to understand their place and their rights,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1164305\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1164305\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID.jpg\" alt=\"The Imperial Valley produces around two-thirds of the country’s vegetables in the winter, solely with Colorado River water.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1165\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-160x93.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-800x466.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-768x447.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-1020x594.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-1920x1118.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-1180x687.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-960x559.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-240x140.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-375x218.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-520x303.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Imperial Valley produces around two-thirds of the country’s vegetables in the winter, solely with Colorado River water. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many farmers also say they’ve compromised enough already.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, California used more than its legal share of the Colorado River and finally agreed to cut back in 2003. The Imperial Irrigation District was under pressure to transfer water to cities like San Diego to make the cutbacks possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was the single, hardest decision I have ever made in my life,” says Bruce Kuhn, who voted on the water transfer as a board member of the district. He cast the deciding vote to share the water, but it came at a personal price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It cost me some friends,” he reflects, still sighing at the memory. “I mean, we still talk but it isn’t the same.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kuhn may have to make that same call again, and soon. California’s plan to voluntarily give up water to avoid an emergency shortage will likely come up for a vote. The Imperial Irrigation District is considering the deal, but is looking for incentives like the ability to bank water in Lake Mead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeffrey Kightlinger of the Metropolitan Water District says it’s a tough conversation. “But if the Colorado River dries up, Imperial goes out of business. It’s in all our interest to solve this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To some, the negotiations are sign of what’s to come on an increasingly-stressed river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can we get through?” asks UNLV’s Pat Mulroy. “Yes, but not the same way we got through the last 100 years. There’s a different set of interconnections and relationships that have to be forged. So it’s how we tackle the problem that has to change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Arizona Public Media and \u003ca href=\"http://beyondthemirage.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Beyond the Mirage\u003c/a> contributed audio to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A shrinking water supply on the Colorado River has some states grabbing more water, but California is considering giving some back.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704929410,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":60,"wordCount":1995},"headData":{"title":"Drought on Colorado River Sparks Revolutionary Idea: Sharing Water | KQED","description":"A shrinking water supply on the Colorado River has some states grabbing more water, but California is considering giving some back.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Drought on Colorado River Sparks Revolutionary Idea: Sharing Water","datePublished":"2016-11-16T14:00:51.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:30:10.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/author/laurensommer/\" target=\"_blank\">Lauren Sommer\u003c/a>, KQED and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpr.org/news/profile/grace-hood\" target=\"_blank\">Grace Hood\u003c/a>, CPR","path":"/science/1164175/drought-on-colorado-river-sparks-revolutionary-idea-sharing-water","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Business as usual on the Colorado River may be about to come to a screeching halt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the worst recorded droughts in human history has stretched water supplies thin across the far-reaching river basin, which serves 40 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowhere is this more obvious than Lake Mead, which straddles the border of Arizona and Nevada. The water level in the country’s largest manmade reservoir has been plummeting; it’s now only 38 percent full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an official water shortage imminent, Arizona, Nevada and California are taking matters into their own hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The states are hammering out a voluntary agreement to cut their water use — an approach some consider revolutionary after so many decades of fighting and lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cooperation springs from self-preservation. If Lake Mead drops too low, the federal government could step in and reallocate the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Can we get through? Yes, but not the same way we got through the last 100 years.’\u003ccite>Pat Mulroy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>At the same time, upper basin states like Colorado and Wyoming want to use more Colorado River water — something they’re legally entitled to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Colorado, Denver Water is in the final stages of seeking approval on a water storage project that would take more water out of the Colorado River. Wyoming is researching whether to store more water from the Green River, a Colorado tributary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Utah is discussing whether to build a pipeline to transport water from Lake Powell, the reservoir found up river from Lake Mead along the Utah-Arizona border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add in the likely impacts of climate change and how it’s affecting the Colorado River basin and you have an increasingly complex and challenging picture developing for the 21st century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pat Mulroy, a senior fellow at the William S. Boyd School of Law at the University of Nevada Las Vegas and a leading Western water expert, says the time for a new toolbox and ideas to approach water management has arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There won’t be any winners and losers,” Mulroy says, unless Colorado River states move beyond the fighting and lawsuits of the last century as they try to adapt to the next century. “There will only be losers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Upper Basin States Want More Storage\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a silent miracle that delivers water every day to Denver Water’s 1.4 million customers. For decades, the Fraser River, a tributary of the Colorado River, has flowed through a manmade system of dams, diversions and tunnels beneath the Continental Divide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A critical linchpin sits just outside Boulder. Gross Reservoir is a man-made lake that provides reliable storage for Denver Water. Retired IBM workers Beverly Kurtz and Tim Guenthner live just out of eyesight from the reservoir. For Kurtz, that’s on purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s choking off a wild river which in my opinion is never a good thing,” Kurtz says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1164303\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1164303\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir.jpg\" alt=\"Beverly Kurtz and Tim Guenthner live near Gross Reservoir outside Boulder and oppose a reservoir expansion project. Denver Water is seeking to raise the dam behind them 131 feet.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1313\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-160x109.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-800x547.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-768x525.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-1020x698.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-1180x807.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-960x657.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-240x164.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-375x256.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-520x356.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beverly Kurtz and Tim Guenthner live near Gross Reservoir outside Boulder and oppose a reservoir expansion project. Denver Water is seeking to raise the dam behind them 131 feet. \u003ccite>(Grace Hood/CPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The couple have a new-found job in retirement. It’s fighting a proposed expansion to Gross Reservoir’s dam. Denver Water wants to raise the dam by 131 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t make sense to build a multi-million dollar dam and disrupt the environment here, when down the line,” Kurtz says. “That’s not going to solve the problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that Colorado’s population is expected to nearly double by 2050. A carefully crafted water plan by Colorado’s top chiefs calls for 400,000 more acre feet of storage, and 400,000 additional acre feet of conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denver Water CEO Jim Lochhead says more storage is an important part of the solution. It’s also an insurance policy against future drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From Denver Water’s perspective, if we can’t provide clean, reliable, sustainable water 100 years from now to our customers, we’re not doing our jobs,” says Lochhead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the proposed expansion of Gross Reservoir, Denver Water took a new approach. The agency worked with environmental groups and Western Slope water interests on the Colorado River Cooperative Agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the effort involves Denver Water actively working on the Fraser River to narrow the stream channel and restore the river. If the agency gets the green light to expand Gross, it would be required to keep a formal relationship with environmental groups and local governments through the life of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”300″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/293230158″&visual=true&”auto_play=false&hide_related=true&show_comments=false&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/293230158″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>But that expansion is still expected to decrease stream flows by about one half of what they are now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Wyoming, state engineer Pat Tyrrell says the state is studying whether to store more water from the Green River, another Colorado River tributary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel we have some room to grow. But we understand that growth comes with risk,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s risk because Wyoming could expand reservoirs with proper permits. In 10 or 20 years there may not be enough water to fill that storage — or deliver enough water to existing reservoirs like Lake Powell. Upper basin states have developed a contingency plan to make sure that happens in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Imbalance Between Supply and Demand\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What unites all water planners from Colorado down to California is the need for certainty. They need confidence there will be enough water to fuel population and agricultural growth. And there’s a huge new wildcard in the deck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate change upsets all aspects of the water cycle,” says Brad Udall, Senior Water and Climate Scientist at the Colorado Water Institute at Colorado State University. He says hotter temperatures and drought make certainty a thing of the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Udall says a 16-year drought has dramatically decreased water supply. This recent past could be indicative of what the future holds. He worries that flows across the basin could be reduced by as much as 20 percent by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that temperatures are going to go up,” Udall says. “We know the temperature increases will influence the river flows, and that influence is likely to be strongly downward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now users along the Colorado River face a critical juncture. Deputy Secretary of the Interior Michael Connor recognizes the stress that climate change could have on future water supply. He also understands how overallocated the river is now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The imbalance between supply and demand, is just going to increase over the next 50 years if we don’t have some very strategic plans that we put in place,” Connor says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lower Basin States Turn to Cooperation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Downstream, the imbalance between supply and demand is already a reality. With an historic water shortage on the horizon, California, Arizona and Nevada are working on a voluntary agreement to cut back water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are especially high in California, where Colorado River water has played a critical role in the state’s five year drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been the reliable source of water for us,” says Jeffrey Kightlinger, manager of the Metropolitan Water District, a water wholesaler that serves 19 million people in Southern California, and major power player in California water policy. “We’ve been getting hardly anything from Northern California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”300″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/293229143″&visual=true&”auto_play=false&hide_related=true&show_comments=false&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/293229143″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>At least a quarter of Metropolitan’s water supply comes from the Colorado River, which is delivered through a 240-mile aqueduct that stretches to the Arizona border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That supply is reaching a crisis point. Lake Mead could drop so low in 2017, an unprecedented shortage could be declared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’ll be a historic moment,” Kightlinger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arizona and Nevada would be forced to cut back on how much water they draw from the river. California wouldn’t be required to, because it has senior water rights. But if levels in Lake Mead keep dropping, the federal government could step in and reallocate the water, including California’s share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a last-ditch effort to avoid that, the three states are hashing out a voluntary agreement. Arizona and Nevada are considering deeper water cuts, if California agrees to cuts amounting to somewhere between five and eight percent of its supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all realize if we model the future and we build in climate change, we could be in a world of hurt if we do nothing,” says Kightlinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These negotiations would have been unthinkable just a decade ago, Kightlinger says. The three states have years of bad blood among them over the river. Most disagreements have been settled with lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some, that’s not easy to forget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know there’s a target on our back in Imperial Valley for the amount of water we use,” says farmer Steve Benson, checking on one of his alfalfa fields near the Mexican border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The valley produces two-thirds of the country’s vegetables in the winter. Its sole source of water is the Colorado River. Benson sees little reason to share it because the district has senior water rights that trump the rights of Metropolitan Water District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Other districts need to understand their place and their rights,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1164305\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1164305\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID.jpg\" alt=\"The Imperial Valley produces around two-thirds of the country’s vegetables in the winter, solely with Colorado River water.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1165\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-160x93.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-800x466.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-768x447.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-1020x594.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-1920x1118.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-1180x687.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-960x559.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-240x140.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-375x218.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-520x303.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Imperial Valley produces around two-thirds of the country’s vegetables in the winter, solely with Colorado River water. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many farmers also say they’ve compromised enough already.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, California used more than its legal share of the Colorado River and finally agreed to cut back in 2003. The Imperial Irrigation District was under pressure to transfer water to cities like San Diego to make the cutbacks possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was the single, hardest decision I have ever made in my life,” says Bruce Kuhn, who voted on the water transfer as a board member of the district. He cast the deciding vote to share the water, but it came at a personal price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It cost me some friends,” he reflects, still sighing at the memory. “I mean, we still talk but it isn’t the same.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kuhn may have to make that same call again, and soon. California’s plan to voluntarily give up water to avoid an emergency shortage will likely come up for a vote. The Imperial Irrigation District is considering the deal, but is looking for incentives like the ability to bank water in Lake Mead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeffrey Kightlinger of the Metropolitan Water District says it’s a tough conversation. “But if the Colorado River dries up, Imperial goes out of business. It’s in all our interest to solve this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To some, the negotiations are sign of what’s to come on an increasingly-stressed river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can we get through?” asks UNLV’s Pat Mulroy. “Yes, but not the same way we got through the last 100 years. There’s a different set of interconnections and relationships that have to be forged. So it’s how we tackle the problem that has to change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Arizona Public Media and \u003ca href=\"http://beyondthemirage.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Beyond the Mirage\u003c/a> contributed audio to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1164175/drought-on-colorado-river-sparks-revolutionary-idea-sharing-water","authors":["byline_science_1164175"],"categories":["science_46","science_31","science_35","science_40","science_43","science_98"],"tags":["science_194","science_3197","science_572","science_201"],"featImg":"science_1164295","label":"science"},"science_1087834":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1087834","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1087834","score":null,"sort":[1477058405000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"documentary-plumbs-the-future-of-western-water-blends-optimism-with-caution","title":"Documentary Plumbs the Future of Western Water, Blends Optimism With Caution","publishDate":1477058405,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Documentary Plumbs the Future of Western Water, Blends Optimism With Caution | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1151,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>If you think California can secure its water future on its own, think again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there’s one key takeaway from the new documentary \u003ca href=\"http://beyondthemirage.org/\">Beyond the Mirage\u003c/a>, it’s that the western states are bound together by water, and they’ll all have to play nice together to secure future supplies for any of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For producer-director Cody Sheehy, that hit home when he found a new home of his own in Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Looking around, I realized that it’s very tenuous,” says Sheehy, who grew up in the greener climes of Oregon. “Tucson almost feels like we’re a moon base out there in the desert.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arizona’s second-largest metro area is served by a 336-mile canal that hauls in water from the Colorado River, the future of which as a dependable water source might also be described as “tenuous,” after more than a decade of drought in that vital watershed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know if this is the fifteenth year of a 15-year drought, or the fifteenth year of a 50-year drought,” notes author and University of Arizona professor Robert Glennon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1093462\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1104px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1093462\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/LkMeadGraphic.png\" alt=\"Graphic shows the plunging level of Lake Mead, the nation's largest man-made reservoir and key to the Colorado system.\" width=\"1104\" height=\"748\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/LkMeadGraphic.png 1104w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/LkMeadGraphic-160x108.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/LkMeadGraphic-800x542.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/LkMeadGraphic-768x520.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/LkMeadGraphic-1020x691.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/LkMeadGraphic-960x650.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/LkMeadGraphic-240x163.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/LkMeadGraphic-375x254.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/LkMeadGraphic-520x352.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1104px) 100vw, 1104px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Graphic shows the plunging level of Lake Mead, the nation’s largest man-made reservoir and key to the Colorado system. \u003ccite>(Beyond the Mirage)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I started the journey really as a lay person,” recalls Sheehy, “and as I learned more and more about the inter-connectedness between the states and between surface water and groundwater — the long-term projections for climate change — the situation in my mind just kept getting worse and worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So shortly after Sheehy started as multimedia producer for the University of Arizona’s College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, he resolved to dive into the murk of western water policy. The project started small, but when Sheehy’s idea won the New Arizona Prize, the $100,000 boost from Arizona Community Foundation provided pockets deep enough for a feature-length documentary and some global perspectives. Some of those perspectives were eye-opening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Traveling around Israel and seeing a place that had issues every bit as complicated and every bit as challenging, recalls Sheehy, “they’ve overcome that and they really have a surplus of water now; they’ve turned their water issue into a global economic business opportunity, that they can export their solution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It is one huge plumbing system. What happens in the Bay Delta, matters in Cheyenne.’\u003ccite>Pat Mulroy, Brookings Inst.\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It’s become apparent that for the western U.S., solutions will only come if individual states give up long entrenched defensive positions and even give back some ground on long-held water rights. Otherwise, as former Nevada water-power broker Pat Mulroy asserts early in the film, “There won’t be any winners and losers. There will only be losers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the narrative would benefit from more personal encounters with people already feeling the pinch of water scarcity, the work is information-packed and beautifully shot, with engaging graphics that “connect the dots” in the western water system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is one huge plumbing system,” says Mulroy. “What happens in the [San Francisco] Bay Delta, matters in Cheyenne.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheehy has parlayed his university projects into two spinoff companies, Rhumbline Media and \u003ca href=\"http://www.wildcat.arizona.edu/article/2016/09/n-ua-creates-filmstacker-new-educational-resource-video-and-social-media-platform\">Filmstacker\u003c/a>, both based in Tucson. The latter’s mission is to further develop the technology on the Mirage website that \u003ca href=\"http://beyondthemirage.org/experience/#player\">allows viewers to mix and match clips\u003c/a> to make their own mini-docs for distribution on social media. Sheehy says he believes this approach could help counter the “echo chamber” effect that the Internet tends to promote, wherein consumers of information are more and more immersed in the views of those who agree with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mirage stands as both witness to the enormous challenges for water in the West, and testament to the resolve of those seeking a way forward. Sheehy’s main takeaway:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not something that we can’t solve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Beyond the Mirage airs twice on Friday and once Sunday night on \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/tv/schedules/daily/world.jsp?format=long&ymd=2016-10-21\">KQED World\u003c/a>, one of KQED’s digital TV channels. It’s airing on various public \u003ca href=\"http://beyondthemirage.org/\">stations around the country\u003c/a> in October and November, and producers say it will become available for streaming in April.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Filmmakers find that no state is an island; they're bound together by water -- and must cooperate to find solutions.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704929502,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":749},"headData":{"title":"Documentary Plumbs the Future of Western Water, Blends Optimism With Caution | KQED","description":"Filmmakers find that no state is an island; they're bound together by water -- and must cooperate to find solutions.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Documentary Plumbs the Future of Western Water, Blends Optimism With Caution","datePublished":"2016-10-21T14:00:05.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:31:42.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/1087834/documentary-plumbs-the-future-of-western-water-blends-optimism-with-caution","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you think California can secure its water future on its own, think again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there’s one key takeaway from the new documentary \u003ca href=\"http://beyondthemirage.org/\">Beyond the Mirage\u003c/a>, it’s that the western states are bound together by water, and they’ll all have to play nice together to secure future supplies for any of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For producer-director Cody Sheehy, that hit home when he found a new home of his own in Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Looking around, I realized that it’s very tenuous,” says Sheehy, who grew up in the greener climes of Oregon. “Tucson almost feels like we’re a moon base out there in the desert.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arizona’s second-largest metro area is served by a 336-mile canal that hauls in water from the Colorado River, the future of which as a dependable water source might also be described as “tenuous,” after more than a decade of drought in that vital watershed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know if this is the fifteenth year of a 15-year drought, or the fifteenth year of a 50-year drought,” notes author and University of Arizona professor Robert Glennon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1093462\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1104px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1093462\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/LkMeadGraphic.png\" alt=\"Graphic shows the plunging level of Lake Mead, the nation's largest man-made reservoir and key to the Colorado system.\" width=\"1104\" height=\"748\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/LkMeadGraphic.png 1104w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/LkMeadGraphic-160x108.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/LkMeadGraphic-800x542.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/LkMeadGraphic-768x520.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/LkMeadGraphic-1020x691.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/LkMeadGraphic-960x650.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/LkMeadGraphic-240x163.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/LkMeadGraphic-375x254.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/LkMeadGraphic-520x352.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1104px) 100vw, 1104px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Graphic shows the plunging level of Lake Mead, the nation’s largest man-made reservoir and key to the Colorado system. \u003ccite>(Beyond the Mirage)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I started the journey really as a lay person,” recalls Sheehy, “and as I learned more and more about the inter-connectedness between the states and between surface water and groundwater — the long-term projections for climate change — the situation in my mind just kept getting worse and worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So shortly after Sheehy started as multimedia producer for the University of Arizona’s College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, he resolved to dive into the murk of western water policy. The project started small, but when Sheehy’s idea won the New Arizona Prize, the $100,000 boost from Arizona Community Foundation provided pockets deep enough for a feature-length documentary and some global perspectives. Some of those perspectives were eye-opening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Traveling around Israel and seeing a place that had issues every bit as complicated and every bit as challenging, recalls Sheehy, “they’ve overcome that and they really have a surplus of water now; they’ve turned their water issue into a global economic business opportunity, that they can export their solution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It is one huge plumbing system. What happens in the Bay Delta, matters in Cheyenne.’\u003ccite>Pat Mulroy, Brookings Inst.\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It’s become apparent that for the western U.S., solutions will only come if individual states give up long entrenched defensive positions and even give back some ground on long-held water rights. Otherwise, as former Nevada water-power broker Pat Mulroy asserts early in the film, “There won’t be any winners and losers. There will only be losers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the narrative would benefit from more personal encounters with people already feeling the pinch of water scarcity, the work is information-packed and beautifully shot, with engaging graphics that “connect the dots” in the western water system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is one huge plumbing system,” says Mulroy. “What happens in the [San Francisco] Bay Delta, matters in Cheyenne.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheehy has parlayed his university projects into two spinoff companies, Rhumbline Media and \u003ca href=\"http://www.wildcat.arizona.edu/article/2016/09/n-ua-creates-filmstacker-new-educational-resource-video-and-social-media-platform\">Filmstacker\u003c/a>, both based in Tucson. The latter’s mission is to further develop the technology on the Mirage website that \u003ca href=\"http://beyondthemirage.org/experience/#player\">allows viewers to mix and match clips\u003c/a> to make their own mini-docs for distribution on social media. Sheehy says he believes this approach could help counter the “echo chamber” effect that the Internet tends to promote, wherein consumers of information are more and more immersed in the views of those who agree with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mirage stands as both witness to the enormous challenges for water in the West, and testament to the resolve of those seeking a way forward. Sheehy’s main takeaway:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not something that we can’t solve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Beyond the Mirage airs twice on Friday and once Sunday night on \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/tv/schedules/daily/world.jsp?format=long&ymd=2016-10-21\">KQED World\u003c/a>, one of KQED’s digital TV channels. It’s airing on various public \u003ca href=\"http://beyondthemirage.org/\">stations around the country\u003c/a> in October and November, and producers say it will become available for streaming in April.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1087834/documentary-plumbs-the-future-of-western-water-blends-optimism-with-caution","authors":["221"],"series":["science_1151"],"categories":["science_31","science_32","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_1622","science_3197"],"featImg":"science_1093338","label":"science_1151"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? 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