Same-Sex Couples Face Higher Climate Change Risks, New UCLA Study Shows
Federal Report: Climate Change Already Hurting U.S. Communities
Climate Goes to Court: Oil Attorneys Play Up Uncertainty in Science
Californians Must Change Thinking to Meet Challenge of Rising Seas, Says Author
Algae-Poisoned Sea Lions Inundate Marine Mammal Center
California's Coast Gives Clues to Changing Sea Level
Climate Change Threatens Wildflower Diversity in California
IPCC: Climate Change Is Taking a Toll in California and It's Going to Get Worse
Co-Existing with the Dynamics of California's Changing Coastline
window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={"attachmentsReducer":{"audio_0":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_0","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"}}},"audio_1":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_1","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"}}},"audio_2":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_2","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"}}},"audio_3":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_3","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"}}},"audio_4":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_4","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"}}},"placeholder":{"type":"attachments","id":"placeholder","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-160x96.jpg","width":160,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-800x478.jpg","width":800,"height":478,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1020x610.jpg","width":1020,"height":610,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-960x574.jpg","width":960,"height":574,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-240x143.jpg","width":240,"height":143,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-375x224.jpg","width":375,"height":224,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-520x311.jpg","width":520,"height":311,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-e1514998105161.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148}}},"science_1992422":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_1992422","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"1992422","found":true},"title":"Supreme Court Gay Marriage","publishDate":1713553872,"status":"inherit","parent":0,"modified":1713553935,"caption":"Rainbow flags fly in front of San Francisco City Hall in San Francisco on June 26, 2013, shortly after a U.S. Supreme Court decision cleared the way for same-sex marriage in California. ","credit":"Noah Berger/AP Photo","altTag":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/AP32683046366-KQED-800x545.jpg","width":800,"height":545,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/AP32683046366-KQED-1020x695.jpg","width":1020,"height":695,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/AP32683046366-KQED-160x109.jpg","width":160,"height":109,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/AP32683046366-KQED-768x523.jpg","width":768,"height":523,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/AP32683046366-KQED-1536x1046.jpg","width":1536,"height":1046,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/AP32683046366-KQED-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/AP32683046366-KQED-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/AP32683046366-KQED-1920x1308.jpg","width":1920,"height":1308,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/AP32683046366-KQED.jpg","width":2000,"height":1362}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"science_1934813":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_1934813","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"1934813","found":true},"title":"TOPSHOT-US-FIRE-CALIFORNIA-ENVIORNMENT-WEATHER","publishDate":1543082866,"status":"inherit","parent":1934809,"modified":1543082927,"caption":"Chris and Nancy Brown embrace while looking over the remains of their burned residence after the Camp fire tore through the region in Paradise, California. A massive federal report says climate change is contributing to larger wildfires as well as other deadly extreme weather.","credit":"JOSH EDELSON/AFP/Getty Images","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/RS33848_couple_GettyImages-1060720780-sfi-160x103.jpg","width":160,"height":103,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/RS33848_couple_GettyImages-1060720780-sfi-240x154.jpg","width":240,"height":154,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/RS33848_couple_GettyImages-1060720780-sfi-375x241.jpg","width":375,"height":241,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/RS33848_couple_GettyImages-1060720780-sfi-520x334.jpg","width":520,"height":334,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/RS33848_couple_GettyImages-1060720780-sfi-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/RS33848_couple_GettyImages-1060720780-sfi-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/RS33848_couple_GettyImages-1060720780-sfi-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/RS33848_couple_GettyImages-1060720780-sfi-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/RS33848_couple_GettyImages-1060720780-sfi-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/RS33848_couple_GettyImages-1060720780-sfi-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/RS33848_couple_GettyImages-1060720780-sfi.jpg","width":560,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"science_1921587":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_1921587","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"1921587","found":true},"title":"climatecourt_final01_sm","publishDate":1521675197,"status":"inherit","parent":1921583,"modified":1521675258,"caption":null,"credit":"Mark Fiore/KQED","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/climatecourt_final01_sm-160x86.jpg","width":160,"height":86,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/climatecourt_final01_sm-800x428.jpg","width":800,"height":428,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/climatecourt_final01_sm-768x411.jpg","width":768,"height":411,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/climatecourt_final01_sm-1020x546.jpg","width":1020,"height":546,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/climatecourt_final01_sm-1920x1027.jpg","width":1920,"height":1027,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/climatecourt_final01_sm-1180x631.jpg","width":1180,"height":631,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/climatecourt_final01_sm-960x514.jpg","width":960,"height":514,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/climatecourt_final01_sm-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/climatecourt_final01_sm-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/climatecourt_final01_sm-240x128.jpg","width":240,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/climatecourt_final01_sm-375x201.jpg","width":375,"height":201,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/climatecourt_final01_sm-520x278.jpg","width":520,"height":278,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/climatecourt_final01_sm-1180x631.jpg","width":1180,"height":631,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/climatecourt_final01_sm-1920x1027.jpg","width":1920,"height":1027,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/climatecourt_final01_sm-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/climatecourt_final01_sm-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/climatecourt_final01_sm-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/climatecourt_final01_sm-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/climatecourt_final01_sm-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/climatecourt_final01_sm-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/climatecourt_final01_sm.jpg","width":2000,"height":1070}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"science_1915666":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_1915666","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"1915666","found":true},"title":"Fig3-3_Galvestonseawall","publishDate":1505515822,"status":"inherit","parent":1915608,"modified":1505515944,"caption":"Galveston, Tex.,built a giant seawall to protect the city after the disastrous hurricane of 1900. Is this the Bay Area's future?","credit":"Gary Griggs","description":"Galveston, Tex.,built a giant seawall to protect the city after the disastrous hurricane of 1900. Is this the Bay Area's future?","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig3-3_Galvestonseawall-160x120.jpeg","width":160,"height":120,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig3-3_Galvestonseawall-800x600.jpeg","width":800,"height":600,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig3-3_Galvestonseawall-768x576.jpeg","width":768,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig3-3_Galvestonseawall-1020x765.jpeg","width":1020,"height":765,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig3-3_Galvestonseawall-1920x1440.jpeg","width":1920,"height":1440,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig3-3_Galvestonseawall-1180x885.jpeg","width":1180,"height":885,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig3-3_Galvestonseawall-960x720.jpeg","width":960,"height":720,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig3-3_Galvestonseawall-672x372.jpeg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig3-3_Galvestonseawall-1038x576.jpeg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig3-3_Galvestonseawall-240x180.jpeg","width":240,"height":180,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig3-3_Galvestonseawall-375x281.jpeg","width":375,"height":281,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig3-3_Galvestonseawall-520x390.jpeg","width":520,"height":390,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig3-3_Galvestonseawall-1180x885.jpeg","width":1180,"height":885,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig3-3_Galvestonseawall-1920x1440.jpeg","width":1920,"height":1440,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig3-3_Galvestonseawall-32x32.jpeg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig3-3_Galvestonseawall-50x50.jpeg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig3-3_Galvestonseawall-64x64.jpeg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig3-3_Galvestonseawall-96x96.jpeg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig3-3_Galvestonseawall-128x128.jpeg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig3-3_Galvestonseawall-150x150.jpeg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig3-3_Galvestonseawall.jpeg","width":2000,"height":1500}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"science_1914630":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_1914630","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"1914630","found":true},"title":"scoggins","publishDate":1502911593,"status":"inherit","parent":1914629,"modified":1502911769,"caption":"This sea lion, named Scoggins was diagnosed with domoic acid poisoning and rescued by the Marine Mammal Center in 2013. He was released into the wild and sighted at Pier 39 the following year. ","credit":"Marine Mammal Center","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/2.-Scoggins-before-rescue-2-160x120.jpg","width":160,"height":120,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/2.-Scoggins-before-rescue-2-640x372.jpg","width":640,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/2.-Scoggins-before-rescue-2-240x180.jpg","width":240,"height":180,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/2.-Scoggins-before-rescue-2-375x281.jpg","width":375,"height":281,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/2.-Scoggins-before-rescue-2-520x390.jpg","width":520,"height":390,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/2.-Scoggins-before-rescue-2-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/2.-Scoggins-before-rescue-2-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/2.-Scoggins-before-rescue-2-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/2.-Scoggins-before-rescue-2-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/2.-Scoggins-before-rescue-2-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/2.-Scoggins-before-rescue-2-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/2.-Scoggins-before-rescue-2.jpg","width":640,"height":480}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"science_216657":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_216657","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"216657","found":true},"title":"davenport-terrace","publishDate":1440608618,"status":"inherit","parent":216656,"modified":1440641830,"caption":"This prominent marine terrace south of Davenport, is one of several well-known terraces in the Santa Cruz area. It marks the high sea level of 84,000 years ago, but it's also been uplifted by tectonic activity since that time. ","credit":"Andrew Alden/KQED","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/davenport-terrace-400x225.jpg","width":400,"height":225,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/davenport-terrace-800x450.jpg","width":800,"height":450,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/davenport-terrace-960x540.jpg","width":960,"height":540,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/davenport-terrace-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/davenport-terrace-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/davenport-terrace-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/davenport-terrace-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/davenport-terrace-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/davenport-terrace-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/davenport-terrace.jpg","width":1000,"height":563}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"science_63210":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_63210","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"63210","found":true},"title":"RobDeGraff_CA_Goldfield_Carizzo_Plain","publishDate":1434758750,"status":"inherit","parent":63208,"modified":1435019580,"caption":"California goldfield is a native, drought-sensitive flower that may decline as the state's winters become warmer and drier. ","credit":"Rob DeGraff/flickr","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/RobDeGraff_CA_Goldfield_Carizzo_Plain-400x238.jpg","width":400,"height":238,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/RobDeGraff_CA_Goldfield_Carizzo_Plain-800x476.jpg","width":800,"height":476,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/RobDeGraff_CA_Goldfield_Carizzo_Plain-1440x857.jpg","width":1440,"height":857,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/RobDeGraff_CA_Goldfield_Carizzo_Plain-1180x702.jpg","width":1180,"height":702,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/RobDeGraff_CA_Goldfield_Carizzo_Plain-960x571.jpg","width":960,"height":571,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/RobDeGraff_CA_Goldfield_Carizzo_Plain-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/RobDeGraff_CA_Goldfield_Carizzo_Plain-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/RobDeGraff_CA_Goldfield_Carizzo_Plain-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/RobDeGraff_CA_Goldfield_Carizzo_Plain-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/RobDeGraff_CA_Goldfield_Carizzo_Plain-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/RobDeGraff_CA_Goldfield_Carizzo_Plain-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/RobDeGraff_CA_Goldfield_Carizzo_Plain-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/RobDeGraff_CA_Goldfield_Carizzo_Plain.jpg","width":1800,"height":1071}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"science_16025":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_16025","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"16025","found":true},"title":"stacks","publishDate":1396378875,"status":"inherit","parent":16016,"modified":1396378875,"caption":"The Department of Water and Power San Fernando Valley Generating Station is seen December 11, 2008 in Sun Valley, California. (David McNew/Getty Images)","credit":null,"description":"The Department of Water and Power San Fernando Valley Generating Station is seen December 11, 2008 in Sun Valley, California. (David McNew/Getty Images)","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/stacks.jpg","width":640,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"science_13684":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_13684","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"13684","found":true},"title":"coastretreattop","publishDate":1391043787,"status":"inherit","parent":13680,"modified":1391043787,"caption":"It should be clear at a glance that a coast like this is a temporary thing. Can we manage it to minimize misery? Andrew Alden photo","credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/coastretreattop.jpg","width":640,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"byline_science_1934809":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_science_1934809","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_science_1934809","name":"Rebecca Hersher\u003c/br>NPR","isLoading":false},"mollysamuel":{"type":"authors","id":"200","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"200","found":true},"name":"Molly Samuel","firstName":"Molly","lastName":"Samuel","slug":"mollysamuel","email":"msamuel@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Molly Samuel joined KQED as an intern in 2007, and since then has worked here as a reporter, producer, director and blogger. Before becoming KQED Science’s Multimedia Producer, she was a producer for Climate Watch. Molly has also reported for NPR, KALW and High Country News, and has produced audio stories for The Encyclopedia of Life and the Oakland Museum of California. She was a fellow with the Middlebury Fellowships in Environmental Journalism and a journalist-in-residence at the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center. Molly has a degree in Ancient Greek from Oberlin College and is a co-founder of the record label True Panther Sounds.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6abd3b949a89fe5109fa9917631d0b6?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"science","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["edit_users","subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Molly Samuel | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6abd3b949a89fe5109fa9917631d0b6?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6abd3b949a89fe5109fa9917631d0b6?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/mollysamuel"},"cmiller":{"type":"authors","id":"221","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"221","found":true},"name":"Craig Miller","firstName":"Craig","lastName":"Miller","slug":"cmiller","email":"craig@voxterra.net","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["science"],"title":"Editor Emeritus, Science","bio":"Craig is a former KQED Science editor, specializing in weather, climate, water & energy issues, with a little seismology thrown in just to shake things up. Prior to that, he launched and led the station's award-winning multimedia project, Climate Watch. Craig is also an accomplished writer/producer of television documentaries, with a focus on natural resource issues.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"voxterra","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["author"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Craig Miller | KQED","description":"Editor Emeritus, Science","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/cmiller"},"andrew-alden":{"type":"authors","id":"6228","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6228","found":true},"name":"Andrew Alden","firstName":"Andrew","lastName":"Alden","slug":"andrew-alden","email":"alden@andrew-alden.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Andrew Alden earned his geology degree at the University of New Hampshire and moved back to the Bay Area to work at the U.S. Geological Survey for six years. He has \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/\">written on geology for About.com\u003c/a> since its founding in 1997. In 2007, he started the Oakland Geology blog, which won recognition as \"Best of the East Bay\" from the \u003ci>East Bay Express\u003c/i> in 2010. In writing about geology in the Bay Area and surroundings, he hopes to share some of the useful and pleasurable insights that geologists give us—not just facts about the deep past, but an attitude that might be called the \u003ci>deep present\u003c/i>.\r\n\r\nRead his \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/andrew-alden/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Andrew Alden | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/andrew-alden"},"jvarner":{"type":"authors","id":"8639","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"8639","found":true},"name":"Johanna Varner","firstName":"Johanna","lastName":"Varner","slug":"jvarner","email":"jvarner@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Johanna Varner is excited to join KQED Science as a 2015 AAAS Mass Media Fellow. She recently finished her PhD in Biology from University of Utah, where she studied how small mammals are responding to climate change. She also has past lives as an engineer, a blueberry farmer, and a baker. Outside of the lab, Johanna has been active in designing authentic field research experiences for K-12 students and giving interactive public presentations about local mammals. You can find her on twitter at @johannavarner","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/35ae0c7a361af670964ce707e56c052c?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Johanna Varner | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/35ae0c7a361af670964ce707e56c052c?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/35ae0c7a361af670964ce707e56c052c?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/jvarner"},"mpeterson":{"type":"authors","id":"11223","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11223","found":true},"name":"Molly Peterson","firstName":"Molly","lastName":"Peterson","slug":"mpeterson","email":"mpeterson@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Molly Peterson reports for KQED science and news on climate change, catastrophe and risk. Previously she was environment correspondent at Southern California Public Radio. Her work has also appeared at The New York Times, The Guardian, on NPR, at High Country News, on Code Switch, and other national outlets. She has been honored with awards from Public Radio News Directors Incorporated, Investigative Reporters and Editors, the Society for Professional Journalists, the Los Angeles Press Club, and RTNDA Edward R. Murrow awards, among others.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7908e2807131f776cc8165c649530b05?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"Mollydacious","facebook":null,"instagram":"https://www.instagram.com/radiomolly/","linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Molly Peterson | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7908e2807131f776cc8165c649530b05?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7908e2807131f776cc8165c649530b05?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/mpeterson"},"akusmer":{"type":"authors","id":"11361","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11361","found":true},"name":"Anna Kusmer","firstName":"Anna","lastName":"Kusmer","slug":"akusmer","email":"akusmer@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"News Intern","bio":"Anna Kusmer was a 2018 KQED News intern. She has worked as an ecologist and a hamburger flipper. She is also a freelance writer with stories appearing in NPR and PBS.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/307ee2fc39d2a9dffeaad0482e616c80?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"askusmer","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Anna Kusmer | KQED","description":"News Intern","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/307ee2fc39d2a9dffeaad0482e616c80?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/307ee2fc39d2a9dffeaad0482e616c80?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/akusmer"},"eromero":{"type":"authors","id":"11746","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11746","found":true},"name":"Ezra David Romero","firstName":"Ezra David","lastName":"Romero","slug":"eromero","email":"eromero@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["news","science"],"title":"Climate Reporter","bio":"Ezra David Romero is a climate reporter for KQED News. He covers the absence and excess of water in the Bay Area — think sea level rise, flooding and drought. For nearly a decade he’s covered how warming temperatures are altering the lives of Californians. He’s reported on farmers worried their pistachio trees aren’t getting enough sleep, families desperate for water, scientists studying dying giant sequoias, and alongside firefighters containing wildfires. His work has appeared on local stations across California and nationally on public radio shows like Morning Edition, Here and Now, All Things Considered and Science Friday. ","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c15bb8bab267e058708a9eeaeef16bf?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"ezraromero","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Ezra David Romero | KQED","description":"Climate Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c15bb8bab267e058708a9eeaeef16bf?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c15bb8bab267e058708a9eeaeef16bf?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/eromero"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"science_1992415":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1992415","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1992415","score":null,"sort":[1713554494000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"same-sex-couples-face-higher-climate-change-risks-new-ucla-study-shows","title":"Same-Sex Couples Face Higher Climate Change Risks, New UCLA Study Shows","publishDate":1713554494,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Same-Sex Couples Face Higher Climate Change Risks, New UCLA Study Shows | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Same-sex couples have a significant risk of exposure to the adverse effects of climate change — wildfires, floods, smoke-filled skies, drought, etc. — compared to straight couples, according to\u003ca href=\"https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/publications/climate-change-risk-lgbt/?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_content=Read%20the%20report&utm_campaign=Press%3A%20Climate%20Change\"> a new report by the Williams Institute at UCLA School of Law\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our research cuts against the narratives that LGBT people often live in safe pockets of coastal cities where they have access to all the resources that they need,” said Ari Shaw, study co-author, senior fellow and director of International Programs at the Williams Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LGBTQ same-sex couples who live together frequently reside in coastal areas, large cities and places with infrastructure ill-equipped for climate-related disasters. All of this makes queer couples more vulnerable to climate hazards, Shaw said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors found that San Francisco County, behind the District of Columbia, has the second-highest proportion of same-sex couples in the country and a relatively high risk of national hazards complicating life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco ranks among the highest in terms of its risk exposure to the effects of climate change,” Shaw said. “The experience of folks living in parts of the city that are more prone to flooding and these sorts of natural disasters is borne out in the data as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knowing that LGBTQ people often live in concentrated urban areas like San Francisco is essential because Bay Area climate scientists recently found that human-caused climate change will cause atmospheric rivers to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212094722000275\">become 37% wetter by the end of the century\u003c/a>. These storms can cause significant flooding, and KQED reporting from 2023 found that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1983299/san-franciscos-aging-infrastructure-isnt-ready-for-its-wetter-future\">San Francisco’s infrastructure\u003c/a> isn’t prepared for future storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On New Year’s Eve 2002, parts of San Francisco’s Leather & LGBTQ Cultural District flooded during an atmospheric river that swamped the region. The nearest grocery store to the area, Rainbow Grocery, also flooded.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Our findings probably understate the true impact’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The researchers relied on a mix of U.S. Census data and climate risk assessment data from NASA and the Federal Emergency Management Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shaw said his team considered same-sex couples because the U.S. Census gathers information on cohabitating same-sex households but does not broadly collect sexual orientation or gender data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991453\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1991453\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-22-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A view of a residential neighborhood with a sandy coastline on the other side of a road.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-22-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-22-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-22-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-22-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-22-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-22-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-22-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sandy path leads from Ocean Beach to the Great Highway and the Sunset District in San Francisco on Feb. 14, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This study helps to shine a light on what is likely a much larger and more complicated picture,” he said. “Our findings probably understate the true impact that climate change is having on LGBTQ people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new research moves the needle in helping the nation understand who is at risk of climate disasters, UC Irvine sociology professor Michael Méndez said. He previously studied how \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1978439/queer-communities-often-left-out-of-disaster-planning-research-shows\">queer communities are often left out\u003c/a> of disaster planning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The needle is moving slowly,” Méndez said. “These disasters are not happening in isolation. If an individual is feeling discrimination, or a lack of safety in their home and a disaster happens, they can feel even more vulnerable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what Méndez said the study doesn’t reveal is who the same-sex couples are in terms of race, income and their positions in society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could’ve gone a little further in terms of highlighting that, just because you’re LGBTQ and you’re in a geographic area that has a higher propensity for climate risks, does not necessarily make you socially vulnerable,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, Sen. Steve Padilla (D-San Diego) announced SB 990, which would establish best practices for state and local governments when addressing the needs of the LGBTQ community after a disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The values we have fought so hard to uphold cannot disappear at the first sight of trouble,” Padilla said in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Solutions are possible\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The study authors recommend that policymakers, cities and providers ensure that disaster relief is accessible and given without discrimination based on sexual orientation, gender identity or gender expression.[aside postID=science_1992222 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/GettyImages-2092455726-1020x693.jpg']Solutions could include safe shelters, access to medication and financial aid for displaced LGBTQ people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the study found that LGBTQ people often live in areas with poor infrastructure and lack resources to respond to climate change, the researchers suggest cities expand green spaces and enhance structural resilience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Policies should focus on mitigating discriminatory housing and urban development practices, making shelters safe spaces for LGBTQ people, and ensuring that relief aid reaches displaced LGBTQ individuals,” Shaw said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers also suggest that state and federal surveys, like the U.S. Census, need to include “measures of sexual orientation and gender identity to increase the scope and granularity of information available on LGBTQ people, including assessments of climate risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"LGBTQ people in same-sex couples are at greater risk of exposure to the negative effects of climate change compared to straight couples, according to a new study.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713740355,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":835},"headData":{"title":"Same-Sex Couples Face Higher Climate Change Risks, New UCLA Study Shows | KQED","description":"LGBTQ people in same-sex couples are at greater risk of exposure to the negative effects of climate change compared to straight couples, according to a new study.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Same-Sex Couples Face Higher Climate Change Risks, New UCLA Study Shows","datePublished":"2024-04-19T19:21:34.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-21T22:59:15.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1992415/same-sex-couples-face-higher-climate-change-risks-new-ucla-study-shows","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Same-sex couples have a significant risk of exposure to the adverse effects of climate change — wildfires, floods, smoke-filled skies, drought, etc. — compared to straight couples, according to\u003ca href=\"https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/publications/climate-change-risk-lgbt/?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_content=Read%20the%20report&utm_campaign=Press%3A%20Climate%20Change\"> a new report by the Williams Institute at UCLA School of Law\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our research cuts against the narratives that LGBT people often live in safe pockets of coastal cities where they have access to all the resources that they need,” said Ari Shaw, study co-author, senior fellow and director of International Programs at the Williams Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LGBTQ same-sex couples who live together frequently reside in coastal areas, large cities and places with infrastructure ill-equipped for climate-related disasters. All of this makes queer couples more vulnerable to climate hazards, Shaw said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors found that San Francisco County, behind the District of Columbia, has the second-highest proportion of same-sex couples in the country and a relatively high risk of national hazards complicating life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco ranks among the highest in terms of its risk exposure to the effects of climate change,” Shaw said. “The experience of folks living in parts of the city that are more prone to flooding and these sorts of natural disasters is borne out in the data as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knowing that LGBTQ people often live in concentrated urban areas like San Francisco is essential because Bay Area climate scientists recently found that human-caused climate change will cause atmospheric rivers to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212094722000275\">become 37% wetter by the end of the century\u003c/a>. These storms can cause significant flooding, and KQED reporting from 2023 found that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1983299/san-franciscos-aging-infrastructure-isnt-ready-for-its-wetter-future\">San Francisco’s infrastructure\u003c/a> isn’t prepared for future storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On New Year’s Eve 2002, parts of San Francisco’s Leather & LGBTQ Cultural District flooded during an atmospheric river that swamped the region. The nearest grocery store to the area, Rainbow Grocery, also flooded.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Our findings probably understate the true impact’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The researchers relied on a mix of U.S. Census data and climate risk assessment data from NASA and the Federal Emergency Management Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shaw said his team considered same-sex couples because the U.S. Census gathers information on cohabitating same-sex households but does not broadly collect sexual orientation or gender data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991453\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1991453\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-22-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A view of a residential neighborhood with a sandy coastline on the other side of a road.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-22-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-22-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-22-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-22-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-22-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-22-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240214-COASTALCOMMISSION-22-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sandy path leads from Ocean Beach to the Great Highway and the Sunset District in San Francisco on Feb. 14, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This study helps to shine a light on what is likely a much larger and more complicated picture,” he said. “Our findings probably understate the true impact that climate change is having on LGBTQ people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new research moves the needle in helping the nation understand who is at risk of climate disasters, UC Irvine sociology professor Michael Méndez said. He previously studied how \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1978439/queer-communities-often-left-out-of-disaster-planning-research-shows\">queer communities are often left out\u003c/a> of disaster planning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The needle is moving slowly,” Méndez said. “These disasters are not happening in isolation. If an individual is feeling discrimination, or a lack of safety in their home and a disaster happens, they can feel even more vulnerable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what Méndez said the study doesn’t reveal is who the same-sex couples are in terms of race, income and their positions in society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could’ve gone a little further in terms of highlighting that, just because you’re LGBTQ and you’re in a geographic area that has a higher propensity for climate risks, does not necessarily make you socially vulnerable,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, Sen. Steve Padilla (D-San Diego) announced SB 990, which would establish best practices for state and local governments when addressing the needs of the LGBTQ community after a disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The values we have fought so hard to uphold cannot disappear at the first sight of trouble,” Padilla said in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Solutions are possible\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The study authors recommend that policymakers, cities and providers ensure that disaster relief is accessible and given without discrimination based on sexual orientation, gender identity or gender expression.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1992222","hero":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/GettyImages-2092455726-1020x693.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Solutions could include safe shelters, access to medication and financial aid for displaced LGBTQ people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the study found that LGBTQ people often live in areas with poor infrastructure and lack resources to respond to climate change, the researchers suggest cities expand green spaces and enhance structural resilience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Policies should focus on mitigating discriminatory housing and urban development practices, making shelters safe spaces for LGBTQ people, and ensuring that relief aid reaches displaced LGBTQ individuals,” Shaw said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers also suggest that state and federal surveys, like the U.S. Census, need to include “measures of sexual orientation and gender identity to increase the scope and granularity of information available on LGBTQ people, including assessments of climate risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1992415/same-sex-couples-face-higher-climate-change-risks-new-ucla-study-shows","authors":["11746"],"categories":["science_40"],"tags":["science_194","science_603","science_4417","science_4414","science_5183"],"featImg":"science_1992422","label":"science"},"science_1934809":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1934809","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1934809","score":null,"sort":[1543083055000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"federal-report-climate-change-already-hurting-u-s-communities","title":"Federal Report: Climate Change Already Hurting U.S. Communities","publishDate":1543083055,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Federal Report: Climate Change Already Hurting U.S. Communities | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Climate change is already causing more frequent and severe weather across the U.S., and the country is poised to suffer massive damage to infrastructure, ecosystems, health and the economy if global warming is allowed to continue, according to \u003ca href=\"https://nca2018.globalchange.gov/\">the most comprehensive federal climate report to date\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fourth National Climate Assessment is the culmination of years of research and analysis by hundreds of top climate scientists in the country. The massive report details the many ways in which global climate change is already affecting American communities, from hurricanes to wildfires to floods to drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate change is already affecting every part of the United States, almost every sector of the United States, be it agriculture or forestry or energy, tourism,” says George Mason University professor Andrew Light, who is one of the report’s editors. “It’s going to hurt cities, it’s going to hurt people in the countryside, and, as the world continues to warm, things are going to get worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/265895292191248385\">Trump\u003c/a>, numerous Cabinet members and some members of Congress have \u003ca href=\"http://www.harvestpublicmedia.org/post/we-spoke-new-ag-secretary-sonny-perdue-heres-what-he-said-climate-change-and-immigration\">questioned whether\u003c/a> climate change is caused by humans or whether it is \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/ben-carson-believe-candidate-stands-10-issues\">happening at all\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think there’s a hoax. I do think there’s probably a difference. But I don’t know that it’s man-made,” the president said on CBS’ \u003cem>60 Minutes\u003c/em> in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an August interview about deadly wildfires in California, Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke told television station KCRA Sacramento: “This has nothing to do with climate change. This has to do with active forest management.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new report, mandated by \u003ca href=\"https://www.globalchange.gov/content/whats-new-nca4\">Congress\u003c/a> and published by the U.S. Global Change Research Program, is the latest and most detailed confirmation that humans are driving climate change and that Americans are already adapting to and suffering from its effects. Climate change is “an immediate threat, not a far-off possibility,” it says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/12/666951838/megafires-more-frequent-because-of-climate-change-and-forest-management\">large wildfires\u003c/a> are getting more frequent because of climate change. The report notes that the area burned in wildfires nationwide each year has increased over the past 20 years, and “although projections vary by state and ecoregion, on average, the annual area burned by lightning-ignited wildfire is expected to increase by at least 30 percent by 2060.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/wildfires-acres-20181119/child.html?mode=childlink&utm_source=nprnews&utm_medium=app&utm_campaign=storyredirect\">\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Don’t see the graphic above? Click here.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although California and other Western states have made headlines for deadly fires, the report says the southeastern U.S. is also projected to suffer more wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many regions are also experiencing more extreme rain — and ensuing floods — including the Midwest, Northeast, Southeast and Southern Great Plains, which includes Texas and Oklahoma. The most extreme example is Hurricane Harvey, which dumped \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/25/580689546/harvey-the-most-significant-tropical-cyclone-rainfall-event-in-u-s-history\">60 inches of rain\u003c/a> on parts of southeast Texas in 2017 and flooded an enormous region from Houston up to the Louisiana border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the authors make clear that more extreme rainfall and flooding is widespread, going beyond major hurricanes. In the Midwest, runoff from heavy rains have depleted some cropland of nutrients. In the Northeast, towns are dealing with catastrophic flooding from summer thunderstorms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at the whole U.S., the amount of precipitation overall may be less, but it’s delivered in these very intense precipitation events,” explains Brenda Ekwurzel, an author of the report and senior climate scientist at the Union of Concerned Scientists. “That’s how you get a lot of flash flooding, especially after a wildfire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Southwest, climate change is driving a particularly devious phenomenon: climate change is contributing to drought and flooding in the same place. Drought takes hold for months. When rain does fall, it’s increasingly likely to come as an extreme rainstorm, which causes flash flooding and landslides. Scientists predict that dynamic will only get worse as climate change progresses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report’s authors also focus multiple chapters on the health effects of climate change. In a section on air pollution, they write:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Unless counteracting efforts to improve air quality are implemented, climate change will worsen existing air pollution levels. This worsened air pollution would increase the incidence of adverse respiratory and cardiovascular health effects, including premature death.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And as the climate warms, disease-carrying insects such as mosquitoes and ticks are also expected to expand their territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors warn that those who are most economically and physically vulnerable will continue to be most severely impacted by climate change, whether it’s air pollution, disease, floods or fire disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate adaptation is already taking place at the local, state and regional level, the report says. It gives examples including water conservation, forest management, infrastructure updates and agricultural advances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The real leading edge of action in the United States, now, to deal with climate change is at the non-federal level,” says Light, who also serves as a senior fellow at the World Resources Institute think tank. “It’s states, it’s cities, it’s businesses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But far more involvement is needed on all levels to change human behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Successful adaptation has been hindered by the assumption that climate conditions are and will be similar to those in the past,” the authors write, arguing that acknowledging climate change, adapting to its effects and working to limit global warming, while expensive, will save money and lives in the long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those findings are in stark contrast to policies put forward by the Trump administration, which include announcing that the U.S. intends to withdraw from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/01/530748899/watch-live-trump-announces-decision-on-paris-climate-agreement\">2015 Paris climate agreement\u003c/a>, which set international targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the new report does not make policy recommendations, it is designed to be a scientific resource for leaders at all levels of government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re putting a cost on inaction,” explains Ekwurzel, referring to future global inaction to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the effects of climate change. “There’s some really heavy duty news in here. I mean, we’re talking billions of dollars as the cost of inaction each year. I think a lot of people in the U.S. will be surprised by that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Climate+Change+Is+Already+Hurting+U.S.+Communities%2C+Federal+Report+Says&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"According to the government's most comprehensive assessment to date, climate change has already damaged American infrastructure and cost both money and lives.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927297,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":1069},"headData":{"title":"Federal Report: Climate Change Already Hurting U.S. Communities | KQED","description":"According to the government's most comprehensive assessment to date, climate change has already damaged American infrastructure and cost both money and lives.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Federal Report: Climate Change Already Hurting U.S. Communities","datePublished":"2018-11-24T18:10:55.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T22:54:57.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"Noah Berger","nprByline":"Rebecca Hersher\u003c/br>NPR","nprImageAgency":"AP","nprStoryId":"668555773","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=668555773&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/23/668555773/climate-change-is-already-hurting-u-s-communities-federal-report-says?ft=nprml&f=668555773","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 23 Nov 2018 22:58:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 23 Nov 2018 14:02:26 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 23 Nov 2018 22:58:12 -0500","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/11/20181123_atc_climate_change_is_already_hurting_us_communities_federal_report_says.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1001&d=202&p=2&story=668555773&ft=nprml&f=668555773","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1670449089-014592.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1001&d=202&p=2&story=668555773&ft=nprml&f=668555773","audioTrackLength":202,"path":"/science/1934809/federal-report-climate-change-already-hurting-u-s-communities","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/11/20181123_atc_climate_change_is_already_hurting_us_communities_federal_report_says.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1001&d=202&p=2&story=668555773&ft=nprml&f=668555773","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Climate change is already causing more frequent and severe weather across the U.S., and the country is poised to suffer massive damage to infrastructure, ecosystems, health and the economy if global warming is allowed to continue, according to \u003ca href=\"https://nca2018.globalchange.gov/\">the most comprehensive federal climate report to date\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fourth National Climate Assessment is the culmination of years of research and analysis by hundreds of top climate scientists in the country. The massive report details the many ways in which global climate change is already affecting American communities, from hurricanes to wildfires to floods to drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate change is already affecting every part of the United States, almost every sector of the United States, be it agriculture or forestry or energy, tourism,” says George Mason University professor Andrew Light, who is one of the report’s editors. “It’s going to hurt cities, it’s going to hurt people in the countryside, and, as the world continues to warm, things are going to get worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/265895292191248385\">Trump\u003c/a>, numerous Cabinet members and some members of Congress have \u003ca href=\"http://www.harvestpublicmedia.org/post/we-spoke-new-ag-secretary-sonny-perdue-heres-what-he-said-climate-change-and-immigration\">questioned whether\u003c/a> climate change is caused by humans or whether it is \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/ben-carson-believe-candidate-stands-10-issues\">happening at all\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think there’s a hoax. I do think there’s probably a difference. But I don’t know that it’s man-made,” the president said on CBS’ \u003cem>60 Minutes\u003c/em> in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an August interview about deadly wildfires in California, Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke told television station KCRA Sacramento: “This has nothing to do with climate change. This has to do with active forest management.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new report, mandated by \u003ca href=\"https://www.globalchange.gov/content/whats-new-nca4\">Congress\u003c/a> and published by the U.S. Global Change Research Program, is the latest and most detailed confirmation that humans are driving climate change and that Americans are already adapting to and suffering from its effects. Climate change is “an immediate threat, not a far-off possibility,” it says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/12/666951838/megafires-more-frequent-because-of-climate-change-and-forest-management\">large wildfires\u003c/a> are getting more frequent because of climate change. The report notes that the area burned in wildfires nationwide each year has increased over the past 20 years, and “although projections vary by state and ecoregion, on average, the annual area burned by lightning-ignited wildfire is expected to increase by at least 30 percent by 2060.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/wildfires-acres-20181119/child.html?mode=childlink&utm_source=nprnews&utm_medium=app&utm_campaign=storyredirect\">\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Don’t see the graphic above? Click here.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although California and other Western states have made headlines for deadly fires, the report says the southeastern U.S. is also projected to suffer more wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many regions are also experiencing more extreme rain — and ensuing floods — including the Midwest, Northeast, Southeast and Southern Great Plains, which includes Texas and Oklahoma. The most extreme example is Hurricane Harvey, which dumped \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/25/580689546/harvey-the-most-significant-tropical-cyclone-rainfall-event-in-u-s-history\">60 inches of rain\u003c/a> on parts of southeast Texas in 2017 and flooded an enormous region from Houston up to the Louisiana border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the authors make clear that more extreme rainfall and flooding is widespread, going beyond major hurricanes. In the Midwest, runoff from heavy rains have depleted some cropland of nutrients. In the Northeast, towns are dealing with catastrophic flooding from summer thunderstorms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at the whole U.S., the amount of precipitation overall may be less, but it’s delivered in these very intense precipitation events,” explains Brenda Ekwurzel, an author of the report and senior climate scientist at the Union of Concerned Scientists. “That’s how you get a lot of flash flooding, especially after a wildfire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Southwest, climate change is driving a particularly devious phenomenon: climate change is contributing to drought and flooding in the same place. Drought takes hold for months. When rain does fall, it’s increasingly likely to come as an extreme rainstorm, which causes flash flooding and landslides. Scientists predict that dynamic will only get worse as climate change progresses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report’s authors also focus multiple chapters on the health effects of climate change. In a section on air pollution, they write:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Unless counteracting efforts to improve air quality are implemented, climate change will worsen existing air pollution levels. This worsened air pollution would increase the incidence of adverse respiratory and cardiovascular health effects, including premature death.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And as the climate warms, disease-carrying insects such as mosquitoes and ticks are also expected to expand their territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors warn that those who are most economically and physically vulnerable will continue to be most severely impacted by climate change, whether it’s air pollution, disease, floods or fire disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate adaptation is already taking place at the local, state and regional level, the report says. It gives examples including water conservation, forest management, infrastructure updates and agricultural advances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The real leading edge of action in the United States, now, to deal with climate change is at the non-federal level,” says Light, who also serves as a senior fellow at the World Resources Institute think tank. “It’s states, it’s cities, it’s businesses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But far more involvement is needed on all levels to change human behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Successful adaptation has been hindered by the assumption that climate conditions are and will be similar to those in the past,” the authors write, arguing that acknowledging climate change, adapting to its effects and working to limit global warming, while expensive, will save money and lives in the long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those findings are in stark contrast to policies put forward by the Trump administration, which include announcing that the U.S. intends to withdraw from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/01/530748899/watch-live-trump-announces-decision-on-paris-climate-agreement\">2015 Paris climate agreement\u003c/a>, which set international targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the new report does not make policy recommendations, it is designed to be a scientific resource for leaders at all levels of government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re putting a cost on inaction,” explains Ekwurzel, referring to future global inaction to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the effects of climate change. “There’s some really heavy duty news in here. I mean, we’re talking billions of dollars as the cost of inaction each year. I think a lot of people in the U.S. will be surprised by that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Climate+Change+Is+Already+Hurting+U.S.+Communities%2C+Federal+Report+Says&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1934809/federal-report-climate-change-already-hurting-u-s-communities","authors":["byline_science_1934809"],"categories":["science_40"],"tags":["science_194","science_603","science_3370","science_813","science_113"],"featImg":"science_1934813","label":"science"},"science_1921583":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1921583","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1921583","score":null,"sort":[1521682613000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"climate-goes-to-court-oil-attorneys-play-up-uncertainty-in-science","title":"Climate Goes to Court: Oil Attorneys Play Up Uncertainty in Science","publishDate":1521682613,"format":"image","headTitle":"Climate Goes to Court: Oil Attorneys Play Up Uncertainty in Science | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>In an unprecedented courtroom tutorial on climate science, the oil company Chevron went on record agreeing with the scientific consensus that people are causing global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the company also deflected any responsibility for it under federal law and played up uncertainties in projections for both the volume and future consequences of greenhouse gas emissions. The tack signals a potential legal defense against financial liability for climate change impacts such as rising sea levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The odd hearing in federal court came as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921232/what-exxon-knew-and-when-they-knew-it-climate-science-in-s-f-federal-court\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">part of a lawsuit\u003c/a> brought by two coastal cities, San Francisco and Oakland, who claim that oil companies are liable for the cost of adapting to sea level rise. The cities claim that the companies ignored the risks to the environment posed by the fossil fuels they were producing.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I read in the paper this was going to be like the Scopes Monkey trial. I couldn’t help but laugh.’\u003ccite>Judge William Alsup\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Federal district judge William Alsup asked the cities and their Big Oil defendants to present an hour each on two subjects: the evolution of climate science to date, and the best available science now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No ‘Monkey Trial’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I read in the paper this was going to be like the Scopes Monkey trial. I couldn’t help but laugh,” Alsup said. “Please don’t call this a trial.” The reference was to \u003ca href=\"http://www.historynet.com/scopes-trial.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the 1925 case\u003c/a> when the theory of evolution was effectively put on trial in Tennessee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the four-plus-hour tutorial began, Alsup warned that it was meant to be wonky. “You will find this probably boring,” he said. “If you get bored, you can just leave.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At times the presentations lived up to Alsup’s promise, especially as scientists allied with the coastal city plaintiffs addressed the intricacies of sea level rise. The judge interrupted \u003ca href=\"http://www.eci.ox.ac.uk/people/mallen.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Myles Allen\u003c/a>, a climate scientist at Oxford University, to ask for clarification on the movement of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and to quibble with graphs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Deep Dive\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allen summarized early developments in climate science, including the work of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1903/arrhenius-bio.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Svante Arrhenius\u003c/a>, a 19th century Swedish physicist who predicted that temperatures would rise when more carbon dioxide became trapped in the atmosphere; \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1991/07/17/obituaries/roger-revelle-82-early-theorist-in-global-warming-and-geology.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Roger Revelle\u003c/a>, who warned that the ocean would not absorb all of the rising carbon emissions and that, as a result, a greenhouse effect would warm the planet; and \u003ca href=\"http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/history_legacy/charles_david_keeling_biography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Charles Keeling\u003c/a>, who collected carbon dioxide samples at Mauna Loa to establish what has been a rapid and constant rise in greenhouse gas in the industrial era.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representing Chevron, Theodore Boutrous, a lawyer with Gibson, Dunn and Crutcher, began his presentation quoting approvingly from the Intergovermental Panel on Climate Change’s fifth and most recent assessment. “It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century,” IPCC authors wrote in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boutrous, too, quoted Arrhenius approvingly, leading to a strange exchange with Alsup in which the judge said it was “amazing” that the Swede could have, in 1896, made “a projection that even today sounds pretty reasonable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These scientists were brilliant,” Boutrous responded, trying to pivot back to a separate point about scientific uncertainty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, but this was one guy, you have to admire that,” Alsup noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Presentations from scientists and from Boutrous were shaped by Alsup’s interruptions, inquisitiveness, and research, as well as questions for which the judge had asked parties to prepare answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1921607\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/CourthouseCrowd.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1921607\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/CourthouseCrowd.jpeg\" alt=\"People lined up outside courtroom\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1579\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/CourthouseCrowd.jpeg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/CourthouseCrowd-160x126.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/CourthouseCrowd-800x632.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/CourthouseCrowd-768x606.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/CourthouseCrowd-1020x805.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/CourthouseCrowd-1920x1516.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/CourthouseCrowd-1180x932.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/CourthouseCrowd-960x758.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/CourthouseCrowd-240x189.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/CourthouseCrowd-375x296.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/CourthouseCrowd-520x411.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An overflow crowd lines up outside federal court in San Francisco for the vaunted courtroom tutorial on climate science. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Seeding Doubt\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Chevron, Boutrous sought to establish that climate change has a global history, in order to bolster the argument, submitted to the court on Tuesday, that plaintiffs’ claims should be dismissed from federal court. And he sought to characterize climate science as a discordant and tumultuous process filled with uncertainty and trial and error, even as he acknowledged the importance of the IPCC’s most recent assessment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists, for their part, said that the IPCC represented good work, but not the final word in climate research. University of Illinois climatologist \u003ca href=\"https://www.atmos.illinois.edu/cms/One.aspx?siteId=127458&pageId=151986\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Don Wuebbles\u003c/a> pointed out that seventeen of the last eighteen years have been the warmest on record. And while he led a chapter of the 2014 IPCC report, Wuebbles said, “science did not stop” when that work was published.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs’ experts also presented evidence that impacts for coastal cities are worsening. UCSC researcher \u003ca href=\"https://eps.ucsc.edu/faculty/Profiles/singleton.php?&singleton=true&cruz_id=griggs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gary Griggs\u003c/a> said that severe weather events are becoming more important to local communities. “Waiting for absolute scientific certainty is not an option because of what’s at stake,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where to from Here?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The significance of the tutorial to the underlying legal claim or to climate liability remains unclear. Legal jurisdiction for tort claims like this one remains murky; another federal judge has sent similar claims brought by San Mateo and Marin Counties, and Imperial Beach against oil companies to state court, and observers say the conflict among state and federal authorities could take time to unwind. Chevron \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921434/climates-day-in-court-maybe-not-the-great-debate-but-still-a-big-deal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">filed a motion to dismiss\u003c/a> this case for jurisdictional and other reasons on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the unprecedented nature of the tutorial heaped attention on what the oil companies say now, what they knew about climate science over the last century, and how they responded to the risks changing climate has posed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late in the day, Judge Alsup seemed surprised to learn that Boutrous, as Chevron’s attorney, was speaking only for his client and not the other oil company defendants. He ordered ExxonMobil, ConocoPhillips, Royal Dutch Shell, and BP to go on the record within two weeks, either agreeing with what Boutrous presented or specifying their own positions on the science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t get away with sitting here in silence and then later saying he wasn’t speaking for us,” he told them.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"It's hard to say who the winners were in this much ballyhooed science showdown in federal court.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928078,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1014},"headData":{"title":"Climate Goes to Court: Oil Attorneys Play Up Uncertainty in Science | KQED","description":"It's hard to say who the winners were in this much ballyhooed science showdown in federal court.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Climate Goes to Court: Oil Attorneys Play Up Uncertainty in Science","datePublished":"2018-03-22T01:36:53.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:07:58.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Climate","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1921583/climate-goes-to-court-oil-attorneys-play-up-uncertainty-in-science","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In an unprecedented courtroom tutorial on climate science, the oil company Chevron went on record agreeing with the scientific consensus that people are causing global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the company also deflected any responsibility for it under federal law and played up uncertainties in projections for both the volume and future consequences of greenhouse gas emissions. The tack signals a potential legal defense against financial liability for climate change impacts such as rising sea levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The odd hearing in federal court came as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921232/what-exxon-knew-and-when-they-knew-it-climate-science-in-s-f-federal-court\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">part of a lawsuit\u003c/a> brought by two coastal cities, San Francisco and Oakland, who claim that oil companies are liable for the cost of adapting to sea level rise. The cities claim that the companies ignored the risks to the environment posed by the fossil fuels they were producing.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I read in the paper this was going to be like the Scopes Monkey trial. I couldn’t help but laugh.’\u003ccite>Judge William Alsup\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Federal district judge William Alsup asked the cities and their Big Oil defendants to present an hour each on two subjects: the evolution of climate science to date, and the best available science now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No ‘Monkey Trial’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I read in the paper this was going to be like the Scopes Monkey trial. I couldn’t help but laugh,” Alsup said. “Please don’t call this a trial.” The reference was to \u003ca href=\"http://www.historynet.com/scopes-trial.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the 1925 case\u003c/a> when the theory of evolution was effectively put on trial in Tennessee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the four-plus-hour tutorial began, Alsup warned that it was meant to be wonky. “You will find this probably boring,” he said. “If you get bored, you can just leave.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At times the presentations lived up to Alsup’s promise, especially as scientists allied with the coastal city plaintiffs addressed the intricacies of sea level rise. The judge interrupted \u003ca href=\"http://www.eci.ox.ac.uk/people/mallen.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Myles Allen\u003c/a>, a climate scientist at Oxford University, to ask for clarification on the movement of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and to quibble with graphs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Deep Dive\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allen summarized early developments in climate science, including the work of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1903/arrhenius-bio.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Svante Arrhenius\u003c/a>, a 19th century Swedish physicist who predicted that temperatures would rise when more carbon dioxide became trapped in the atmosphere; \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1991/07/17/obituaries/roger-revelle-82-early-theorist-in-global-warming-and-geology.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Roger Revelle\u003c/a>, who warned that the ocean would not absorb all of the rising carbon emissions and that, as a result, a greenhouse effect would warm the planet; and \u003ca href=\"http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/history_legacy/charles_david_keeling_biography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Charles Keeling\u003c/a>, who collected carbon dioxide samples at Mauna Loa to establish what has been a rapid and constant rise in greenhouse gas in the industrial era.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representing Chevron, Theodore Boutrous, a lawyer with Gibson, Dunn and Crutcher, began his presentation quoting approvingly from the Intergovermental Panel on Climate Change’s fifth and most recent assessment. “It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century,” IPCC authors wrote in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boutrous, too, quoted Arrhenius approvingly, leading to a strange exchange with Alsup in which the judge said it was “amazing” that the Swede could have, in 1896, made “a projection that even today sounds pretty reasonable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These scientists were brilliant,” Boutrous responded, trying to pivot back to a separate point about scientific uncertainty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, but this was one guy, you have to admire that,” Alsup noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Presentations from scientists and from Boutrous were shaped by Alsup’s interruptions, inquisitiveness, and research, as well as questions for which the judge had asked parties to prepare answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1921607\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/CourthouseCrowd.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1921607\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/CourthouseCrowd.jpeg\" alt=\"People lined up outside courtroom\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1579\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/CourthouseCrowd.jpeg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/CourthouseCrowd-160x126.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/CourthouseCrowd-800x632.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/CourthouseCrowd-768x606.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/CourthouseCrowd-1020x805.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/CourthouseCrowd-1920x1516.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/CourthouseCrowd-1180x932.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/CourthouseCrowd-960x758.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/CourthouseCrowd-240x189.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/CourthouseCrowd-375x296.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/CourthouseCrowd-520x411.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An overflow crowd lines up outside federal court in San Francisco for the vaunted courtroom tutorial on climate science. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Seeding Doubt\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Chevron, Boutrous sought to establish that climate change has a global history, in order to bolster the argument, submitted to the court on Tuesday, that plaintiffs’ claims should be dismissed from federal court. And he sought to characterize climate science as a discordant and tumultuous process filled with uncertainty and trial and error, even as he acknowledged the importance of the IPCC’s most recent assessment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists, for their part, said that the IPCC represented good work, but not the final word in climate research. University of Illinois climatologist \u003ca href=\"https://www.atmos.illinois.edu/cms/One.aspx?siteId=127458&pageId=151986\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Don Wuebbles\u003c/a> pointed out that seventeen of the last eighteen years have been the warmest on record. And while he led a chapter of the 2014 IPCC report, Wuebbles said, “science did not stop” when that work was published.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs’ experts also presented evidence that impacts for coastal cities are worsening. UCSC researcher \u003ca href=\"https://eps.ucsc.edu/faculty/Profiles/singleton.php?&singleton=true&cruz_id=griggs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gary Griggs\u003c/a> said that severe weather events are becoming more important to local communities. “Waiting for absolute scientific certainty is not an option because of what’s at stake,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where to from Here?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The significance of the tutorial to the underlying legal claim or to climate liability remains unclear. Legal jurisdiction for tort claims like this one remains murky; another federal judge has sent similar claims brought by San Mateo and Marin Counties, and Imperial Beach against oil companies to state court, and observers say the conflict among state and federal authorities could take time to unwind. Chevron \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921434/climates-day-in-court-maybe-not-the-great-debate-but-still-a-big-deal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">filed a motion to dismiss\u003c/a> this case for jurisdictional and other reasons on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the unprecedented nature of the tutorial heaped attention on what the oil companies say now, what they knew about climate science over the last century, and how they responded to the risks changing climate has posed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late in the day, Judge Alsup seemed surprised to learn that Boutrous, as Chevron’s attorney, was speaking only for his client and not the other oil company defendants. He ordered ExxonMobil, ConocoPhillips, Royal Dutch Shell, and BP to go on the record within two weeks, either agreeing with what Boutrous presented or specifying their own positions on the science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t get away with sitting here in silence and then later saying he wasn’t speaking for us,” he told them.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1921583/climate-goes-to-court-oil-attorneys-play-up-uncertainty-in-science","authors":["11223"],"categories":["science_31","science_40"],"tags":["science_5193","science_603","science_3370","science_3301"],"featImg":"science_1921587","label":"source_science_1921583"},"science_1915608":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1915608","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1915608","score":null,"sort":[1505718084000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californians-must-change-thinking-to-meet-challenge-of-rising-seas-says-author","title":"Californians Must Change Thinking to Meet Challenge of Rising Seas, Says Author","publishDate":1505718084,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Californians Must Change Thinking to Meet Challenge of Rising Seas, Says Author | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>The repeated scenes of flooded streets and half-submerged homes this month have literally brought the issue of rising seas home to millions of people along the Gulf and Atlantic Coasts. The threat is no less real here on the West Coast, as marine scientist Gary Griggs points out in his new book, “Coasts in Crisis: A Global Challenge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griggs, who for 26 years, headed the UC Santa Cruz Institute of Marine Sciences, has advised state and local governments in California to plan for:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>6 inches of sea rise by 2030\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>12 inches by 2050, and\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>36 inches (3 feet) by 2100\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Griggs spoke with KQED Science Editor Craig Miller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Craig Miller: Let’s put that in some perspective, because this seems to be the problem with trying to get people to engage with sea level rise — that it is a sort of slow-motion train wreck. Six inches by 2030 might not sound like a lot. What would that actually look like in a place like the Bay Area?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I will say boldly that sea level rise is going to be the biggest challenge human civilization has ever faced.’\u003ccite>Gary Griggs, UC Santa Cruz\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Gary Griggs: There are places now that are already what has been called nuisance flooding, but it’s really high tides: these El Niños, when sea level can rise a foot or two over two or three month at a time, or a king tide when it can be six inches or so higher than normal, or the combination of storm waves and high tides. The sea level is a ramp that all these are on top of, so everything’s going to get progressively worse as we go on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miller: I find it interesting that you say “progressively,” because seas are rising faster now than they used to.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griggs: Yeah. The last century was, along the California coast, maybe seven or eight inches. Right now, the rate is just about twice that high. The last 20-plus years we’ve been measuring sea level from space through satellites. Previously, it was done by averaging global tide gauges, and some of those the land is going up, some of those it’s going down. Now that we’re measuring it very precisely from space, which takes out the land component, the rates are maybe 13 and-a-half inches per century, or roughly twice as fast as it was, say in the last century. That’s significant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915668\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2550px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1915668 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap.jpeg\" alt=\"Map shows estimated extend of flooding with 16-and-55 inches of sea rise.\" width=\"2550\" height=\"3300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap.jpeg 2550w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-160x207.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-800x1035.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-768x994.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-1020x1320.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-1920x2485.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-1180x1527.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-960x1242.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-240x311.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-375x485.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-520x673.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2550px) 100vw, 2550px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map shows estimated extent of flooding around San Francisco Bay with 16-and-55 inches of sea rise. \u003ccite>(BCDC via UC Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miller: Okay, so we now have Miami, where people are wading around certain streets, not just after Hurricane Irma but anytime there’s a high tide. How long before that’s the case on the Embarcadero in San Francisco?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griggs: We could see much more problematic conditions by 2030, in 10 or 15 years. But again we’re on this curve, and the rate of increase is not completely known. What’s going to happen to Antarctica — which is where the biggest amount of potential rise is — where you have these massive glaciers or ice sheets, but they’re held in place by these floating ice shelves. They’re starting to crack and break loose. That then, is like taking the cork out of the champagne bottle, so a big pulse could happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miller: The Bay Area may be the exception. We’ve seen some ambitious initiatives, and even a new tax recently, to prepare for encroaching seas. But do you think that Northern California as a whole is paying enough attention to this threat?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We’ve got to start acting now. We have to start acting collectively, because I think our entire human future depends on it.’\u003ccite>Gary Griggs, UC Santa Cruz\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Griggs: You know, as I look around the country and I see what’s happening in places like Florida, North Carolina, where you either outlaw it or don’t talk about it, I’d say we’re way ahead. I think the fact that that tax passed [Measure AA in 2016] is a good indication of people’s awareness and concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think talking about it is one thing, and getting something done is a much bigger step. The Bay has somewhere between 400 and 500 miles of shoreline. What many people don’t realize is, from the Golden Gate all the way to Sacramento — which is sea level because Sacramento’s an ocean port — it’s 100 miles inland. So not only is the Embarcadero a problem, but we’ve got a problem 100 miles inland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miller: Well, there’s a lot of critical infrastructure — airports, freeways, treatment plants — sitting almost right at sea level, with no place to move them really. What do we do about those? Are we looking at a future of ever rising sea walls?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griggs: You know, that’s the solution we’ve used in the short term. I think if you look at something like San Francisco International or Oakland, they weren’t thinking about sea level rise. You can imagine a levee or a wall for a while, but at some point that doesn’t work anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915609\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 667px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1915609\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis.jpeg\" alt=\"Griggs' book, "Coasts in Crisis: A Global Challenge," takes on multiple threats to coastal regions, including sea rise, seismic threats, and pollution.\" width=\"667\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis.jpeg 667w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis-160x240.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis-240x360.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis-375x562.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis-520x780.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 667px) 100vw, 667px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Griggs’ book, “Coasts in Crisis: A Global Challenge,” takes on multiple threats to coastal regions, including sea rise, seismic threats, and pollution. \u003ccite>(UC Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We also have most of our power plants around the Bay which are right at sea level, to pump in cold sea water for cooling. Those are not a parking lot or a bike trail, they are multi-million dollar facilities, and there are dozens and dozens of those. I will say boldly that sea level rise is going to be the biggest challenge human civilization has ever faced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miller: If there’s one big takeaway from your book that you want to get out there, what would it be?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griggs: We’ve got to start acting now. We have to start acting collectively, because I think our entire human future depends on it. I think traditionally what we’ve done — and we’re still doing now — is, whenever a conflict comes up, we draw a line and you get on that side and I get on this side and we punch it out. I think what we have to do is come to the realization finally that it’s a circle and we’re all inside of it.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The recent repeated scenes of flooded streets and half-submerged homes have literally brought the issue of rising seas home to millions of people along the Gulf and Atlantic Coasts. The threat is no less real here on the West Coast, as marine scientist Gary Griggs points out in his new book, \"Coasts in Crisis: A Global Challenge.\"","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928382,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":1140},"headData":{"title":"Californians Must Change Thinking to Meet Challenge of Rising Seas, Says Author | KQED","description":"The recent repeated scenes of flooded streets and half-submerged homes have literally brought the issue of rising seas home to millions of people along the Gulf and Atlantic Coasts. The threat is no less real here on the West Coast, as marine scientist Gary Griggs points out in his new book, "Coasts in Crisis: A Global Challenge."","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Californians Must Change Thinking to Meet Challenge of Rising Seas, Says Author","datePublished":"2017-09-18T07:01:24.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:13:02.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/10/CoastsinCrisis.mp3","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1915608/californians-must-change-thinking-to-meet-challenge-of-rising-seas-says-author","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The repeated scenes of flooded streets and half-submerged homes this month have literally brought the issue of rising seas home to millions of people along the Gulf and Atlantic Coasts. The threat is no less real here on the West Coast, as marine scientist Gary Griggs points out in his new book, “Coasts in Crisis: A Global Challenge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griggs, who for 26 years, headed the UC Santa Cruz Institute of Marine Sciences, has advised state and local governments in California to plan for:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>6 inches of sea rise by 2030\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>12 inches by 2050, and\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>36 inches (3 feet) by 2100\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Griggs spoke with KQED Science Editor Craig Miller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Craig Miller: Let’s put that in some perspective, because this seems to be the problem with trying to get people to engage with sea level rise — that it is a sort of slow-motion train wreck. Six inches by 2030 might not sound like a lot. What would that actually look like in a place like the Bay Area?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I will say boldly that sea level rise is going to be the biggest challenge human civilization has ever faced.’\u003ccite>Gary Griggs, UC Santa Cruz\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Gary Griggs: There are places now that are already what has been called nuisance flooding, but it’s really high tides: these El Niños, when sea level can rise a foot or two over two or three month at a time, or a king tide when it can be six inches or so higher than normal, or the combination of storm waves and high tides. The sea level is a ramp that all these are on top of, so everything’s going to get progressively worse as we go on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miller: I find it interesting that you say “progressively,” because seas are rising faster now than they used to.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griggs: Yeah. The last century was, along the California coast, maybe seven or eight inches. Right now, the rate is just about twice that high. The last 20-plus years we’ve been measuring sea level from space through satellites. Previously, it was done by averaging global tide gauges, and some of those the land is going up, some of those it’s going down. Now that we’re measuring it very precisely from space, which takes out the land component, the rates are maybe 13 and-a-half inches per century, or roughly twice as fast as it was, say in the last century. That’s significant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915668\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2550px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1915668 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap.jpeg\" alt=\"Map shows estimated extend of flooding with 16-and-55 inches of sea rise.\" width=\"2550\" height=\"3300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap.jpeg 2550w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-160x207.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-800x1035.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-768x994.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-1020x1320.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-1920x2485.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-1180x1527.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-960x1242.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-240x311.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-375x485.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-520x673.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2550px) 100vw, 2550px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map shows estimated extent of flooding around San Francisco Bay with 16-and-55 inches of sea rise. \u003ccite>(BCDC via UC Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miller: Okay, so we now have Miami, where people are wading around certain streets, not just after Hurricane Irma but anytime there’s a high tide. How long before that’s the case on the Embarcadero in San Francisco?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griggs: We could see much more problematic conditions by 2030, in 10 or 15 years. But again we’re on this curve, and the rate of increase is not completely known. What’s going to happen to Antarctica — which is where the biggest amount of potential rise is — where you have these massive glaciers or ice sheets, but they’re held in place by these floating ice shelves. They’re starting to crack and break loose. That then, is like taking the cork out of the champagne bottle, so a big pulse could happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miller: The Bay Area may be the exception. We’ve seen some ambitious initiatives, and even a new tax recently, to prepare for encroaching seas. But do you think that Northern California as a whole is paying enough attention to this threat?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We’ve got to start acting now. We have to start acting collectively, because I think our entire human future depends on it.’\u003ccite>Gary Griggs, UC Santa Cruz\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Griggs: You know, as I look around the country and I see what’s happening in places like Florida, North Carolina, where you either outlaw it or don’t talk about it, I’d say we’re way ahead. I think the fact that that tax passed [Measure AA in 2016] is a good indication of people’s awareness and concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think talking about it is one thing, and getting something done is a much bigger step. The Bay has somewhere between 400 and 500 miles of shoreline. What many people don’t realize is, from the Golden Gate all the way to Sacramento — which is sea level because Sacramento’s an ocean port — it’s 100 miles inland. So not only is the Embarcadero a problem, but we’ve got a problem 100 miles inland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miller: Well, there’s a lot of critical infrastructure — airports, freeways, treatment plants — sitting almost right at sea level, with no place to move them really. What do we do about those? Are we looking at a future of ever rising sea walls?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griggs: You know, that’s the solution we’ve used in the short term. I think if you look at something like San Francisco International or Oakland, they weren’t thinking about sea level rise. You can imagine a levee or a wall for a while, but at some point that doesn’t work anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915609\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 667px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1915609\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis.jpeg\" alt=\"Griggs' book, "Coasts in Crisis: A Global Challenge," takes on multiple threats to coastal regions, including sea rise, seismic threats, and pollution.\" width=\"667\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis.jpeg 667w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis-160x240.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis-240x360.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis-375x562.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis-520x780.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 667px) 100vw, 667px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Griggs’ book, “Coasts in Crisis: A Global Challenge,” takes on multiple threats to coastal regions, including sea rise, seismic threats, and pollution. \u003ccite>(UC Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We also have most of our power plants around the Bay which are right at sea level, to pump in cold sea water for cooling. Those are not a parking lot or a bike trail, they are multi-million dollar facilities, and there are dozens and dozens of those. I will say boldly that sea level rise is going to be the biggest challenge human civilization has ever faced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miller: If there’s one big takeaway from your book that you want to get out there, what would it be?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griggs: We’ve got to start acting now. We have to start acting collectively, because I think our entire human future depends on it. I think traditionally what we’ve done — and we’re still doing now — is, whenever a conflict comes up, we draw a line and you get on that side and I get on this side and we punch it out. I think what we have to do is come to the realization finally that it’s a circle and we’re all inside of it.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1915608/californians-must-change-thinking-to-meet-challenge-of-rising-seas-says-author","authors":["221"],"categories":["science_31","science_89","science_40","science_2873"],"tags":["science_1461","science_603","science_2114","science_206"],"featImg":"science_1915666","label":"science"},"science_1914632":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1914632","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1914632","score":null,"sort":[1502982033000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"algae-poisoned-sea-lions-inundate-marine-mammal-center","title":"Algae-Poisoned Sea Lions Inundate Marine Mammal Center","publishDate":1502982033,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Algae-Poisoned Sea Lions Inundate Marine Mammal Center | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Beached Sea lions are turning up on California’s central coast with domoic acid poisoning, an affliction associated with marine algae blooms. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/\">Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a> in Sausalito has admitted 68 sea lions into its veterinary hospital since July 1\u003csup>st\u003c/sup>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That many animals in such a pretty short time period is a severe event,” says Cara Field, staff veterinarian at the Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/science/top-research-projects/domoic-acid-toxicity-2017.html\">Domoic acid\u003c/a> is a neurotoxin, which is a byproduct of algae blooms that crop up in coastal marine waters throughout the year, especially during the summer months. The noxious compounds are eaten by anchovies and sardines which are then consumed by sea lions and other marine mammals.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter\">\n[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-PalzkxjilU&feature=youtu.be]\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">Countdown the sea lion is head-weaving which is a telltale sign of domoic acid poisoning. After being admitted to the Marine Mammal Center, she was able to make a full recovery and was released on August 8th at Point Reyes National Seashore. (Marine Mammal Center)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The symptoms of poisoning are neurological, including tremors and convulsions, which can affect immediate survival or cause long-term brain damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Generally sea lions spend a lot of time foraging for food and swimming around,” Field explains. “If they accumulate this bio-toxin, they can have a seizure in the water, drown or be eaten. Often they end up on shore where they may have seizures on the beach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a cascading effect of this poisoning in the sea lion community, explains Field, because most of the animals currently affected are lactating mothers with offspring that are dependent on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a bad prognosis for the pups,” says Field, “because they’re not getting fed or they’re getting stranded.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, sea lions are not an at-risk species and Field says their populations are stable.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Our rescue teams were…working all day and all night, collecting animals and bringing them in for treatment’\u003ccite>Cara Field, Marine Mammal Center\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The number of affected sea lions is up since last year. A total of 89 animals have been treated so far this year, compared with 70 last year. However, in years with the biggest algae blooms, such as 2014-2015, numbers of affected animals were well above 200.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Marine Mammal Center started tracking sea lion domoic acid poisoning in 1998, and since then, has seen these events evolve from being a summer-only problem, to a year-round one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afflicted sea lions often display abnormal behaviors including head waving and wobbling, disorientation and a general lack of responsiveness. If you see a sea lion on the beach, Field advises you not to approach it. Instead call the center’s 24-hour \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/what-we-do/rescue/report-a-stranded-marine-mammal.html\">hotline\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>July was a busy month for the hotline. Some days, up to 10 sea lions were reported, many from San Luis Obispo County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our rescue teams were in that area working all day and all night, collecting animals and bringing them in for treatment,” says Field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1914659\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4032px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1914659\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-%C2%AC-The-Marine-Mammal-Center.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"4032\" height=\"3024\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center.jpg 4032w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4032px) 100vw, 4032px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spoodle was rescued on July 19th at Oceano Dunes in San Luis Obispo. She made a full recovery and was released on August 9th at Point Reyes National Seashore. \u003ccite>(Marine Mammal Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Once animals are brought to the center, they are treated with anti-seizure medicine and given time to recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the northern California coast, the primary cause of marine algae blooms are natural factors such as \u003ca href=\"http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/02quest/background/upwelling/upwelling.html\">ocean upwelling of nutrient-rich water\u003c/a> combined with warm ocean temperatures. Blooms are also fed by polluted runoff from agriculture and other human activity, and are projected to increase in frequency and severity due to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other animals such as dolphins, Guadalupe fur seals, northern fur seals and southern sea otters are also affected by the toxin.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Experts say the changing climate and increased nutrient runoff from shore are both culprits.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928432,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":646},"headData":{"title":"Algae-Poisoned Sea Lions Inundate Marine Mammal Center | KQED","description":"Experts say the changing climate and increased nutrient runoff from shore are both culprits.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Algae-Poisoned Sea Lions Inundate Marine Mammal Center","datePublished":"2017-08-17T15:00:33.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:13:52.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/1914632/algae-poisoned-sea-lions-inundate-marine-mammal-center","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Beached Sea lions are turning up on California’s central coast with domoic acid poisoning, an affliction associated with marine algae blooms. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/\">Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a> in Sausalito has admitted 68 sea lions into its veterinary hospital since July 1\u003csup>st\u003c/sup>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That many animals in such a pretty short time period is a severe event,” says Cara Field, staff veterinarian at the Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/science/top-research-projects/domoic-acid-toxicity-2017.html\">Domoic acid\u003c/a> is a neurotoxin, which is a byproduct of algae blooms that crop up in coastal marine waters throughout the year, especially during the summer months. The noxious compounds are eaten by anchovies and sardines which are then consumed by sea lions and other marine mammals.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/-PalzkxjilU'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/-PalzkxjilU'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">Countdown the sea lion is head-weaving which is a telltale sign of domoic acid poisoning. After being admitted to the Marine Mammal Center, she was able to make a full recovery and was released on August 8th at Point Reyes National Seashore. (Marine Mammal Center)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The symptoms of poisoning are neurological, including tremors and convulsions, which can affect immediate survival or cause long-term brain damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Generally sea lions spend a lot of time foraging for food and swimming around,” Field explains. “If they accumulate this bio-toxin, they can have a seizure in the water, drown or be eaten. Often they end up on shore where they may have seizures on the beach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a cascading effect of this poisoning in the sea lion community, explains Field, because most of the animals currently affected are lactating mothers with offspring that are dependent on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a bad prognosis for the pups,” says Field, “because they’re not getting fed or they’re getting stranded.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, sea lions are not an at-risk species and Field says their populations are stable.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Our rescue teams were…working all day and all night, collecting animals and bringing them in for treatment’\u003ccite>Cara Field, Marine Mammal Center\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The number of affected sea lions is up since last year. A total of 89 animals have been treated so far this year, compared with 70 last year. However, in years with the biggest algae blooms, such as 2014-2015, numbers of affected animals were well above 200.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Marine Mammal Center started tracking sea lion domoic acid poisoning in 1998, and since then, has seen these events evolve from being a summer-only problem, to a year-round one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afflicted sea lions often display abnormal behaviors including head waving and wobbling, disorientation and a general lack of responsiveness. If you see a sea lion on the beach, Field advises you not to approach it. Instead call the center’s 24-hour \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/what-we-do/rescue/report-a-stranded-marine-mammal.html\">hotline\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>July was a busy month for the hotline. Some days, up to 10 sea lions were reported, many from San Luis Obispo County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our rescue teams were in that area working all day and all night, collecting animals and bringing them in for treatment,” says Field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1914659\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4032px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1914659\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-%C2%AC-The-Marine-Mammal-Center.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"4032\" height=\"3024\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center.jpg 4032w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4032px) 100vw, 4032px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spoodle was rescued on July 19th at Oceano Dunes in San Luis Obispo. She made a full recovery and was released on August 9th at Point Reyes National Seashore. \u003ccite>(Marine Mammal Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Once animals are brought to the center, they are treated with anti-seizure medicine and given time to recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the northern California coast, the primary cause of marine algae blooms are natural factors such as \u003ca href=\"http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/02quest/background/upwelling/upwelling.html\">ocean upwelling of nutrient-rich water\u003c/a> combined with warm ocean temperatures. Blooms are also fed by polluted runoff from agriculture and other human activity, and are projected to increase in frequency and severity due to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other animals such as dolphins, Guadalupe fur seals, northern fur seals and southern sea otters are also affected by the toxin.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1914632/algae-poisoned-sea-lions-inundate-marine-mammal-center","authors":["11361"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_31","science_40","science_2873"],"tags":["science_1413","science_603","science_3370","science_1396","science_3243"],"featImg":"science_1914630","label":"science"},"science_216656":{"type":"posts","id":"science_216656","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"216656","score":null,"sort":[1440696923000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californias-coast-gives-clues-to-changing-sea-level","title":"California's Coast Gives Clues to Changing Sea Level","publishDate":1440696923,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California’s Coast Gives Clues to Changing Sea Level | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>As you drive along the California coast on Highway 1, in many places you’ll see wide flat areas that are elevated above the sea. These are famous among geologists, who’ve mapped these marine terraces up and down the entire west coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each marine terrace is a record of sea level during the past. Just as sea level rises today as the world’s glaciers melt, previous changes in the polar ice caps have raised and lowered the sea by hundreds of feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whenever the sea level remained steady for a few thousand years, the pounding surf had the leisure to cut into the shoreline. As the waves churned the sea cliffs into sand, they carved away the rocks as deep as they could reach and left a level surface behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_217485\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 509px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Marine-terrace.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-217485 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Marine-terrace.jpg\" alt=\"A visual representation of marine terrace formation.\" width=\"509\" height=\"421\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Marine-terrace.jpg 509w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Marine-terrace-400x331.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 509px) 100vw, 509px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A visual representation of coastal marine terraces. \u003ccite>(University of Maryland)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sea level is on scientists’ minds these days as we keep a nervous eye on global warming. A rising sea threatens many places with a slow-motion Katrina. But geologists have always paid attention to this fundamental piece of information in order to visualize the deep past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine the landscape 120,000 years ago, during a warm interglacial period, when the ocean covered today’s coast some 40 feet deep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine later, during the Last Glacial Maximum around 20,000 years ago, when the seas were drawn down by more than 300 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coast was far to the west, and the area between must have been a wide grassland—a “California Serengeti”—roamed by mammoths, sabertooth cats and other Ice Age animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compared to those extremes, today’s inches-per-century changes in sea level may seem minor, but they matter a great deal. Consider the Delta, all of which is essentially at sea level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, many of the islands in the Delta are actually below sea level because their peaty soils, turned into farms, are shrinking from exposure to the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As seas rise and push against the levees protecting the Delta, inches matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”sVbHc2H4i4wJlImNXXYOHHZkTE8tG1l6”]Rising seas are partly caused by climate change and partly by the oceanic winds, which push water against the shore in some places and away from it in others. Geological forces also move the land up and down in different places, which—when combined with changing sea levels—leads to the creation of marine terraces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These vertical motions of the land are the topic of a new paper detailing how Ice Age changes affected California’s sea level during the last 120,000 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authors \u003ca href=\"http://www.geol.ucsb.edu/faculty/simms/Site/Welcome.html\">Alex Simms\u003c/a> of UC Santa Barbara, along with French scientist \u003ca href=\"http://www.ipgp.fr/en/user/941\">Hélène Rouby\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://people.rses.anu.edu.au/lambeck_k/index.php\">Kurt Lambeck\u003c/a> of the Australian National University, \u003ca href=\"http://gsabulletin.gsapubs.org/content/early/2015/07/29/B31299.1.abstract\">published their findings last month\u003c/a> in the \u003ca href=\"http://gsabulletin.gsapubs.org/\">Geological Society of America Bulletin\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data from marine terraces all over the world has been assembled into a \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Post-Glacial_Sea_Level.png\">geological record of sea level\u003c/a>. And in places where these terraces vary from the global curve, the data also allows us to deduce vertical movements of the land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, that’s important because our whole coastline is tectonically active. The coast north of Cape Mendocino is part of the \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/16/our-corner-of-cascadia/\">Cascadia subduction zone\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The central coast is affected by pressures acting across the San Andreas fault system. And in southern California and Mexico, the coast responds to the forces opening up the Gulf of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_216658\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/shellbeach-terrace.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-216658 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/shellbeach-terrace-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"Marine terrace at Shell Beach\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/shellbeach-terrace.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/shellbeach-terrace-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This well-developed marine terrace near Shell Beach in Sonoma County has two large rock pinnacles that were once “sea stacks” like those seen offshore today. \u003ccite>(Andrew Alden/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A lot happens when an ice age starts or ends. Research tells us that when the last ice age ended about 12,000 years ago, the Earth’s crust was affected in several ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ice caps no longer pushed the crust down, so it slowly sprang back over thousands of years (and continues today in far northern regions).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gravitational force of the ice no longer pulled the sea toward it. As the land rose, the gravity of the newly risen crust pulled the sea back again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extra water in the rising sea weighed down the crust along the coast and pushed down the seafloor globally. These and many more-subtle \u003ca href=\"http://sealevel.colorado.edu/faq#n3113\">glacio-isostatic adjustments\u003c/a> are not simple to calculate, but in the last decade they have been adopted by all serious scientists working on sea level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simms’ team looked at three sets of marine terraces between Washington and Baja California with ages of 120,000, 105,000 and 84,000 years. They estimated the glacio-isostatic effects during those years, and found they made a difference of as much as 65 feet in sea level, depending on the time and location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Santa Cruz, the results appeared to show that the terraces were rising three times faster than the rest of California. Simms concluded that a study published in 2001 probably gave one of the terraces an incorrect age, and that other studies from 1968 and 2006 had gotten it right. Instead of rising 1.3 millimeters per year, it appears that Santa Cruz has been rising about as fast as its neighbors at 0.3 millimeter per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond the deep details of working science, these results matter to the rest of us because everything affects what will happen to sea level in the next century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tide gauge at Fort Point in San Francisco has recorded about 8 inches of sea-level rise since 1900.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simms says the rise appears to be a combination of ocean warming and glacial melting, as seen elsewhere in the world, but it also includes the effect of changes in Pacific wind patterns that have been piling up water against the west coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simms’ paper shows that long-term uplift of the land is smaller than these changes. But all the numbers need to be as accurate as possible.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A fresh look at our distinctive marine terraces shows how both the sea and the West Coast are rising.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704931387,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":1000},"headData":{"title":"California's Coast Gives Clues to Changing Sea Level | KQED","description":"A fresh look at our distinctive marine terraces shows how both the sea and the West Coast are rising.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California's Coast Gives Clues to Changing Sea Level","datePublished":"2015-08-27T17:35:23.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-11T00:03:07.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"KQED Science","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/","sticky":false,"path":"/science/216656/californias-coast-gives-clues-to-changing-sea-level","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As you drive along the California coast on Highway 1, in many places you’ll see wide flat areas that are elevated above the sea. These are famous among geologists, who’ve mapped these marine terraces up and down the entire west coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each marine terrace is a record of sea level during the past. Just as sea level rises today as the world’s glaciers melt, previous changes in the polar ice caps have raised and lowered the sea by hundreds of feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whenever the sea level remained steady for a few thousand years, the pounding surf had the leisure to cut into the shoreline. As the waves churned the sea cliffs into sand, they carved away the rocks as deep as they could reach and left a level surface behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_217485\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 509px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Marine-terrace.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-217485 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Marine-terrace.jpg\" alt=\"A visual representation of marine terrace formation.\" width=\"509\" height=\"421\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Marine-terrace.jpg 509w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Marine-terrace-400x331.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 509px) 100vw, 509px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A visual representation of coastal marine terraces. \u003ccite>(University of Maryland)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sea level is on scientists’ minds these days as we keep a nervous eye on global warming. A rising sea threatens many places with a slow-motion Katrina. But geologists have always paid attention to this fundamental piece of information in order to visualize the deep past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine the landscape 120,000 years ago, during a warm interglacial period, when the ocean covered today’s coast some 40 feet deep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine later, during the Last Glacial Maximum around 20,000 years ago, when the seas were drawn down by more than 300 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coast was far to the west, and the area between must have been a wide grassland—a “California Serengeti”—roamed by mammoths, sabertooth cats and other Ice Age animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compared to those extremes, today’s inches-per-century changes in sea level may seem minor, but they matter a great deal. Consider the Delta, all of which is essentially at sea level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, many of the islands in the Delta are actually below sea level because their peaty soils, turned into farms, are shrinking from exposure to the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As seas rise and push against the levees protecting the Delta, inches matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Rising seas are partly caused by climate change and partly by the oceanic winds, which push water against the shore in some places and away from it in others. Geological forces also move the land up and down in different places, which—when combined with changing sea levels—leads to the creation of marine terraces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These vertical motions of the land are the topic of a new paper detailing how Ice Age changes affected California’s sea level during the last 120,000 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authors \u003ca href=\"http://www.geol.ucsb.edu/faculty/simms/Site/Welcome.html\">Alex Simms\u003c/a> of UC Santa Barbara, along with French scientist \u003ca href=\"http://www.ipgp.fr/en/user/941\">Hélène Rouby\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://people.rses.anu.edu.au/lambeck_k/index.php\">Kurt Lambeck\u003c/a> of the Australian National University, \u003ca href=\"http://gsabulletin.gsapubs.org/content/early/2015/07/29/B31299.1.abstract\">published their findings last month\u003c/a> in the \u003ca href=\"http://gsabulletin.gsapubs.org/\">Geological Society of America Bulletin\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data from marine terraces all over the world has been assembled into a \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Post-Glacial_Sea_Level.png\">geological record of sea level\u003c/a>. And in places where these terraces vary from the global curve, the data also allows us to deduce vertical movements of the land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, that’s important because our whole coastline is tectonically active. The coast north of Cape Mendocino is part of the \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/16/our-corner-of-cascadia/\">Cascadia subduction zone\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The central coast is affected by pressures acting across the San Andreas fault system. And in southern California and Mexico, the coast responds to the forces opening up the Gulf of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_216658\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/shellbeach-terrace.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-216658 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/shellbeach-terrace-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"Marine terrace at Shell Beach\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/shellbeach-terrace.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/shellbeach-terrace-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This well-developed marine terrace near Shell Beach in Sonoma County has two large rock pinnacles that were once “sea stacks” like those seen offshore today. \u003ccite>(Andrew Alden/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A lot happens when an ice age starts or ends. Research tells us that when the last ice age ended about 12,000 years ago, the Earth’s crust was affected in several ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ice caps no longer pushed the crust down, so it slowly sprang back over thousands of years (and continues today in far northern regions).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gravitational force of the ice no longer pulled the sea toward it. As the land rose, the gravity of the newly risen crust pulled the sea back again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extra water in the rising sea weighed down the crust along the coast and pushed down the seafloor globally. These and many more-subtle \u003ca href=\"http://sealevel.colorado.edu/faq#n3113\">glacio-isostatic adjustments\u003c/a> are not simple to calculate, but in the last decade they have been adopted by all serious scientists working on sea level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simms’ team looked at three sets of marine terraces between Washington and Baja California with ages of 120,000, 105,000 and 84,000 years. They estimated the glacio-isostatic effects during those years, and found they made a difference of as much as 65 feet in sea level, depending on the time and location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Santa Cruz, the results appeared to show that the terraces were rising three times faster than the rest of California. Simms concluded that a study published in 2001 probably gave one of the terraces an incorrect age, and that other studies from 1968 and 2006 had gotten it right. Instead of rising 1.3 millimeters per year, it appears that Santa Cruz has been rising about as fast as its neighbors at 0.3 millimeter per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond the deep details of working science, these results matter to the rest of us because everything affects what will happen to sea level in the next century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tide gauge at Fort Point in San Francisco has recorded about 8 inches of sea-level rise since 1900.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simms says the rise appears to be a combination of ocean warming and glacial melting, as seen elsewhere in the world, but it also includes the effect of changes in Pacific wind patterns that have been piling up water against the west coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simms’ paper shows that long-term uplift of the land is smaller than these changes. But all the numbers need to be as accurate as possible.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/216656/californias-coast-gives-clues-to-changing-sea-level","authors":["6228"],"series":["science_2625"],"categories":["science_2631","science_31","science_35","science_38","science_98"],"tags":["science_603","science_556","science_206"],"featImg":"science_216657","label":"source_science_216656"},"science_63208":{"type":"posts","id":"science_63208","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"63208","score":null,"sort":[1435083075000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"climate-change-threatens-wildflower-diversity-in-california","title":"Climate Change Threatens Wildflower Diversity in California","publishDate":1435083075,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Climate Change Threatens Wildflower Diversity in California | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Wildflowers are the newest addition to the growing list of \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/california/ci_26496884/climate-change-threatens-many-bird-species\">California species\u003c/a> being hit hard by climate change. \u003ca href=\"http://m.pnas.org/content/early/2015/06/17/1502074112\">A new study\u003c/a> from UC Davis shows that drier winters are causing big declines in the state’s native wildflowers, the first direct evidence of how climate change is affecting California’s grasslands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is one of the world’s most special places for plant diversity,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.des.ucdavis.edu/faculty/Harrison/index.html\">Susan Harrison\u003c/a>, professor of environmental science and policy at UC Davis and the study’s lead author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So this is very significant from the perspective of global biodiversity loss.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gradual loss of diversity could also affect pollinators and other animals that are associated with native wildflowers. Since bees and other insects rely on these flowers for nutrients, the decline in flower diversity means the animals will have to look elsewhere and travel farther for food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the last 15 years, the authors of the study have been documenting plant species near \u003ca href=\"http://nrs.ucdavis.edu/McL/index.html\">McLaughlin Natural Reserve\u003c/a>, about 80 miles north of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that time, the average number of plant species in each of their study plots has steadily declined. The declines were most pronounced in native wildflower species that can’t tolerate drought, like California Goldfield or Whitetip Clover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At first I thought, you know, it’s just gotten grassier out here,” says Harrison, who has been working in the area since 2000. “But that was really an optical illusion. It’s just gotten less flowery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63209\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/94003.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-63209 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/94003-400x300.jpg\" alt=\"A wildflower grassland in McLaughlin Natural Reserve. The new studies suggest grasslands are losing wildflower diversity with climate change.\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/94003-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/94003-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/94003-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/94003-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/94003-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A wildflower grassland in McLaughlin Natural Reserve. The new study suggests grasslands are losing wildflower diversity with climate change. \u003ccite>(UC Davis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In their analysis, the researchers considered other causes for the declines in diversity, such as grazing history, wildfires, \u003ca href=\"http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/9201/20140926/trees-threaten-growing-grasslands.htm\">invading trees and shrubs\u003c/a> and nonnative species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the only thing that really explained the patterns of diversity loss that they observed was climate change – specifically, the recent trend toward drier winters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This result isn’t just an effect of the historic drought of the last few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the researchers removed the data from 2013 and 2014, they still saw the same pattern. Wildflower diversity was already declining before the drought hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most wildflower seeds germinate in the fall and grow slowly through the rainy winter months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But longer dry spells in the winter are desiccating the upper few inches of the soil. And warmer temperatures mean the scant rain that does fall will evaporate faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is bad news for the vulnerable wildflower seedlings, particularly those with thin leaves and shallow roots that can also dry out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68747\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8319167234_07f6d2cb3f_o.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-68747 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8319167234_07f6d2cb3f_o-400x400.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8319167234_07f6d2cb3f_o-400x400.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8319167234_07f6d2cb3f_o-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8319167234_07f6d2cb3f_o-1440x1440.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8319167234_07f6d2cb3f_o-1180x1180.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8319167234_07f6d2cb3f_o-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8319167234_07f6d2cb3f_o-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8319167234_07f6d2cb3f_o-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8319167234_07f6d2cb3f_o-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8319167234_07f6d2cb3f_o-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8319167234_07f6d2cb3f_o-75x75.jpg 75w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8319167234_07f6d2cb3f_o.jpg 1499w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Lupine seedling shortly after germination. California hosts dozens of Lupine species, many of which live in the Sierras and their foothills. \u003ccite>(Ellen A./flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It is relatively easy to measure declines in biodiversity, but much more difficult for scientists to pinpoint what aspect of the changing climate is causing the declines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>K\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX206373414\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCX206373414\">nowing that drought-intolerant species with thinner leaves were declining the most gives the researchers more confidence that drier winters are the culprit. \u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX206373414\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCX206373414\">“Adding these simple measurements of the leaves provides a lot of context as to what’s going on,” says David Ackerly, a plant scientist at UC Berkeley.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX7474266\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCX7474266\">Ackerly notes that climate models are uncertain about whether California will get wetter or drier in the future, but that the trends in this study are important indicators of how climate change can affect our native plant communities. \u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It also illustrates how incredibly important these long-term studies are,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The declines observed in this study may foreshadow diversity loss on a larger scale, particularly in areas that are expected to become warmer and drier in the future.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new UC Davis study suggests drier winters are to blame for declines in wildflower diversity.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704931660,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":626},"headData":{"title":"Climate Change Threatens Wildflower Diversity in California | KQED","description":"A new UC Davis study suggests drier winters are to blame for declines in wildflower diversity.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Climate Change Threatens Wildflower Diversity in California","datePublished":"2015-06-23T18:11:15.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-11T00:07:40.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/63208/climate-change-threatens-wildflower-diversity-in-california","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Wildflowers are the newest addition to the growing list of \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/california/ci_26496884/climate-change-threatens-many-bird-species\">California species\u003c/a> being hit hard by climate change. \u003ca href=\"http://m.pnas.org/content/early/2015/06/17/1502074112\">A new study\u003c/a> from UC Davis shows that drier winters are causing big declines in the state’s native wildflowers, the first direct evidence of how climate change is affecting California’s grasslands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is one of the world’s most special places for plant diversity,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.des.ucdavis.edu/faculty/Harrison/index.html\">Susan Harrison\u003c/a>, professor of environmental science and policy at UC Davis and the study’s lead author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So this is very significant from the perspective of global biodiversity loss.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gradual loss of diversity could also affect pollinators and other animals that are associated with native wildflowers. Since bees and other insects rely on these flowers for nutrients, the decline in flower diversity means the animals will have to look elsewhere and travel farther for food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the last 15 years, the authors of the study have been documenting plant species near \u003ca href=\"http://nrs.ucdavis.edu/McL/index.html\">McLaughlin Natural Reserve\u003c/a>, about 80 miles north of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that time, the average number of plant species in each of their study plots has steadily declined. The declines were most pronounced in native wildflower species that can’t tolerate drought, like California Goldfield or Whitetip Clover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At first I thought, you know, it’s just gotten grassier out here,” says Harrison, who has been working in the area since 2000. “But that was really an optical illusion. It’s just gotten less flowery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63209\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/94003.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-63209 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/94003-400x300.jpg\" alt=\"A wildflower grassland in McLaughlin Natural Reserve. The new studies suggest grasslands are losing wildflower diversity with climate change.\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/94003-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/94003-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/94003-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/94003-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/94003-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A wildflower grassland in McLaughlin Natural Reserve. The new study suggests grasslands are losing wildflower diversity with climate change. \u003ccite>(UC Davis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In their analysis, the researchers considered other causes for the declines in diversity, such as grazing history, wildfires, \u003ca href=\"http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/9201/20140926/trees-threaten-growing-grasslands.htm\">invading trees and shrubs\u003c/a> and nonnative species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the only thing that really explained the patterns of diversity loss that they observed was climate change – specifically, the recent trend toward drier winters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This result isn’t just an effect of the historic drought of the last few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the researchers removed the data from 2013 and 2014, they still saw the same pattern. Wildflower diversity was already declining before the drought hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most wildflower seeds germinate in the fall and grow slowly through the rainy winter months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But longer dry spells in the winter are desiccating the upper few inches of the soil. And warmer temperatures mean the scant rain that does fall will evaporate faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is bad news for the vulnerable wildflower seedlings, particularly those with thin leaves and shallow roots that can also dry out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68747\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8319167234_07f6d2cb3f_o.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-68747 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8319167234_07f6d2cb3f_o-400x400.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8319167234_07f6d2cb3f_o-400x400.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8319167234_07f6d2cb3f_o-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8319167234_07f6d2cb3f_o-1440x1440.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8319167234_07f6d2cb3f_o-1180x1180.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8319167234_07f6d2cb3f_o-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8319167234_07f6d2cb3f_o-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8319167234_07f6d2cb3f_o-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8319167234_07f6d2cb3f_o-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8319167234_07f6d2cb3f_o-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8319167234_07f6d2cb3f_o-75x75.jpg 75w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8319167234_07f6d2cb3f_o.jpg 1499w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Lupine seedling shortly after germination. California hosts dozens of Lupine species, many of which live in the Sierras and their foothills. \u003ccite>(Ellen A./flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It is relatively easy to measure declines in biodiversity, but much more difficult for scientists to pinpoint what aspect of the changing climate is causing the declines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>K\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX206373414\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCX206373414\">nowing that drought-intolerant species with thinner leaves were declining the most gives the researchers more confidence that drier winters are the culprit. \u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX206373414\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCX206373414\">“Adding these simple measurements of the leaves provides a lot of context as to what’s going on,” says David Ackerly, a plant scientist at UC Berkeley.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX7474266\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCX7474266\">Ackerly notes that climate models are uncertain about whether California will get wetter or drier in the future, but that the trends in this study are important indicators of how climate change can affect our native plant communities. \u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It also illustrates how incredibly important these long-term studies are,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The declines observed in this study may foreshadow diversity loss on a larger scale, particularly in areas that are expected to become warmer and drier in the future.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/63208/climate-change-threatens-wildflower-diversity-in-california","authors":["8639"],"categories":["science_30","science_31","science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_603","science_572","science_311","science_2371"],"featImg":"science_63210","label":"science"},"science_16016":{"type":"posts","id":"science_16016","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"16016","score":null,"sort":[1396379964000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"ipcc-climate-change-is-taking-a-toll-in-california-and-its-going-to-get-worse","title":"IPCC: Climate Change Is Taking a Toll in California and It's Going to Get Worse","publishDate":1396379964,"format":"aside","headTitle":"IPCC: Climate Change Is Taking a Toll in California and It’s Going to Get Worse | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>The latest \u003ca href=\"http://ipcc-wg2.gov/AR5/\">report from the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change\u003c/a> focuses on impacts from climate change, both current and looming, and recommendations for how to adapt. It also ratchets up considerably the confidence levels for those predicted impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201404010900\">KQED’s Forum\u003c/a> hosted a segment on the report Tuesday morning. And the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/01/science/earth/climate.html\">New York Times has this story\u003c/a> on the scope of the IPCC’s work, the expected impacts from climate change — hunger, thirst, flooding, violent conflicts, mass migrations — and the political response (or lack thereof):\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://static01.nyt.com/images/2014/03/31/science/earth/31climate/31climate-videoSixteenByNine1050.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/01/science/earth/climate.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Panel’s Warning on Climate Risk: Worst Is Yet to Come\u003c/a>YOKOHAMA, Japan – Climate change is already having sweeping effects on every continent and throughout the world’s oceans, scientists reported on Monday, and they warned that the problem was likely to grow substantially worse unless greenhouse emissions are brought under control.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly/code?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F04%2F01%2Fscience%2Fearth%2Fclimate.html\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nytimes\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://ipcc-wg2.gov/AR5/images/uploads/WGIIAR5-Chap26_FGDall.pdf\">North America\u003c/a> section drills down into some local impacts. Here’s a taste of what the IPCC says we can expect in California. And yes, the report says that some of this is already happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Flooding in the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/ca-delta/\">Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Loss of suitable land for wine growing\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/heat-and-harvest/\">Declines in agricultural productivity\u003c/a> for other crops, though some of that may be softened by irrigation\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A longer \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/can-california-burn-its-way-out-of-its-wildfire-problem/\">wildfire season\u003c/a> and more acreage burned\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Earlier spring runoff and declines in the amount of water stored by the mountain snowpack\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/san-francisco-a-test-case-for-coping-with-rising-seas/\">Sea level rise\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The latest report from the U.N.'s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change focuses on impacts from climate change, both current and looming, and recommendations for how to adapt.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704933914,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":243},"headData":{"title":"IPCC: Climate Change Is Taking a Toll in California and It's Going to Get Worse | KQED","description":"The latest report from the U.N.'s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change focuses on impacts from climate change, both current and looming, and recommendations for how to adapt.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"IPCC: Climate Change Is Taking a Toll in California and It's Going to Get Worse","datePublished":"2014-04-01T19:19:24.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-11T00:45:14.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/16016/ipcc-climate-change-is-taking-a-toll-in-california-and-its-going-to-get-worse","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The latest \u003ca href=\"http://ipcc-wg2.gov/AR5/\">report from the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change\u003c/a> focuses on impacts from climate change, both current and looming, and recommendations for how to adapt. It also ratchets up considerably the confidence levels for those predicted impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201404010900\">KQED’s Forum\u003c/a> hosted a segment on the report Tuesday morning. And the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/01/science/earth/climate.html\">New York Times has this story\u003c/a> on the scope of the IPCC’s work, the expected impacts from climate change — hunger, thirst, flooding, violent conflicts, mass migrations — and the political response (or lack thereof):\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://static01.nyt.com/images/2014/03/31/science/earth/31climate/31climate-videoSixteenByNine1050.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/01/science/earth/climate.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Panel’s Warning on Climate Risk: Worst Is Yet to Come\u003c/a>YOKOHAMA, Japan – Climate change is already having sweeping effects on every continent and throughout the world’s oceans, scientists reported on Monday, and they warned that the problem was likely to grow substantially worse unless greenhouse emissions are brought under control.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly/code?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F04%2F01%2Fscience%2Fearth%2Fclimate.html\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nytimes\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://ipcc-wg2.gov/AR5/images/uploads/WGIIAR5-Chap26_FGDall.pdf\">North America\u003c/a> section drills down into some local impacts. Here’s a taste of what the IPCC says we can expect in California. And yes, the report says that some of this is already happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Flooding in the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/ca-delta/\">Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Loss of suitable land for wine growing\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/heat-and-harvest/\">Declines in agricultural productivity\u003c/a> for other crops, though some of that may be softened by irrigation\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A longer \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/can-california-burn-its-way-out-of-its-wildfire-problem/\">wildfire season\u003c/a> and more acreage burned\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Earlier spring runoff and declines in the amount of water stored by the mountain snowpack\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/san-francisco-a-test-case-for-coping-with-rising-seas/\">Sea level rise\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/16016/ipcc-climate-change-is-taking-a-toll-in-california-and-its-going-to-get-worse","authors":["200"],"categories":["science_31","science_40"],"tags":["science_1461","science_603","science_1460","science_100","science_206","science_113"],"featImg":"science_16025","label":"science"},"science_13680":{"type":"posts","id":"science_13680","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"13680","score":null,"sort":[1391094010000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"co-existing-with-the-dynamics-of-californias-changing-coastline","title":"Co-Existing with the Dynamics of California's Changing Coastline","publishDate":1391094010,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Co-Existing with the Dynamics of California’s Changing Coastline | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13684\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/coastretreattop.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-13684\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13684\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/coastretreattop.jpg\" alt=\"California coastal bluffs\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">It should be clear at a glance that a coast like this is a temporary thing. Can we manage it to minimize misery? Photo: Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The sea level is rising all around the world; that inconvenient truth is part of the fact of climate change. But in California, rising sea level for the most part will not pose novel problems. We’ve had ample experience with the problems under the label of “coastal retreat”: even with a steady sea level, waves and tides will attack the land and beat it back without mercy. A rising sea makes things only a little worse than what we’re used to, or at least what geologists are used to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up and down the California coast, the sea has been carving cliffs into the shore and excavating them in the form of sand, which the currents carry from place to place. The main thing that protects the cliffs, moderating the inevitable, is that sand. Today’s balance of beaches and bluffs—rather, the balance that the first European settlers witnessed around 1800—took thousands of years to achieve after the last ice age ended, about 10,000 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13685\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/ano-nuevo-retreat.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-13685\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13685\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/ano-nuevo-retreat.jpg\" alt=\"coastal retreat at Ano Nuevo\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This hat on Año Nuevo Beach marks the position of the bluffs in the 1850s, during natural coastal retreat. \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/\">Read more here.\u003c/a> Andrew Alden photo\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Historically—and geologically—that balance included lots of sand entering the shore zone from rivers. But the addition of 38 million people to California in the last two centuries has led to the damming of nearly every river in the state, and now very little river sand is in the mix. Beaches are smaller now, and the sea level makes a bigger difference these days. Coastal retreat will inexorably step up its pace. During El Niño episodes, our sea level can be be more than a foot higher on top of our \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/26/grappling-with-rising-tides/\">king tides\u003c/a> and storm surges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How should we think about this in policy terms? Consider this case, from the long-term aerial surveys collected at \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiacoastline.org/\">californiacoastline.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This set of coastside homes along state route 1 north of Bodega Head, put in place some time before 1972, looked like this in 1979.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13686\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/1979Oct.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-13686\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13686\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/1979Oct.jpg\" alt=\"October 1979\" width=\"600\" height=\"350\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Copyright © 2002-2014 Kenneth & Gabrielle Adelman, California Coastal Records Project, www.californiacoastline.org\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Already, sea walls had been built at the base of the bluff to protect the slope from winter surf. Also note the landslide scars on the left (north) side. In 2002, a generation later, most of these homes were gone or abandoned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/01/30/co-existing-with-the-dynamics-of-californias-changing-coastline/2002nov/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-13687\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13687\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/2002Nov.jpg\" alt=\"November 2002\" width=\"600\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with the houses, the beefed-up sea walls and concrete armor on the bluffs had turned to wreckage. And last September, the road itself was in jeopardy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/01/30/co-existing-with-the-dynamics-of-californias-changing-coastline/2013sep/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-13688\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13688\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/2013Sep.jpg\" alt=\"September 2013\" width=\"600\" height=\"299\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of us would not have taken out a mortgage to build houses here in 1972, especially seeing it today. Many of us might have called the idea stupid or foolhardy. But let us stipulate that the inhabitants had years of regret-free pleasure, their banks made their money back, the coast did not erode faster than it would have anyway, the rubble is benign concrete, and that no one died or imposed outsized costs on the government. Ideally, the government’s land managers can choose to allow or forbid homebuilding like this based on the probable costs to society and what science says about the geology here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s making the best possible case. The worst case would be that the state decided today to replace the cliff, add three lanes to Route 1 and offer tax incentives for a large job-providing facility to locate here. It wasn’t so long ago that something similar was under way at Bodega Head in the early 1960s, where the giant utility PG&E set out to build a nuclear power plant. The locals were fighting it to little avail. But when government geologists \u003ca href=\"http://www.diggles.com/mbonilla/bonilla2/index.html\">documented the presence of a major earthquake fault\u003c/a> cutting through the foundation hole, their report served as a battering ram for the activists and led to the project being canceled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Truth be told, scientists generally prefer the rational action of the best case to the push and shove of the worst. Recognizing that retreat is the default state of the California coastline doesn’t mean that the default response is to retreat \u003cem>away\u003c/em> from the coast. There are ways for favored places to have a chance to endure. Sea cliffs that produce lots of sand can bolster the beaches nearby. Judicious sand replenishment can work when the effort meshes with natural patterns. Rivers can be managed to release more sediment. The key is for policymakers, by law and regulation, to incorporate scientific input at all stages of making decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists don’t need to run everything, but to avoid pushback from nature they need to be heard. The Geological Society of America’s position statement “\u003ca href=\"http://www.geosociety.org/positions/position22.htm\">Managing U.S. Coastal Hazards\u003c/a>” makes four main recommendations:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Geoscientists must share their knowledge with government and the public.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Costs of sea-level rise and risks of coastal hazards must be documented and planned for.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Governments must take responsibility for using science in their policymaking.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The fourth recommendation is for all of us: “The U.S. must develop a vision for the future that accepts the natural processes of a high-energy, rapidly evolving coastal system, and that seeks to live with the dynamics of change.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gstw44DeSI\">The National Research Council has a 5-minute video with more about sea-level rise on the west coast.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scripps Institution of Oceanography’s \u003ca href=\"http://coastalchange.ucsd.edu/index.html\">Living With Coastal Change\u003c/a> site presents more sound science with examples from Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A rising sea makes things only a little worse than what we're used to, or at least what geologists are used to. Geoscientists are ready to help with this foreseeable future.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704934287,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":959},"headData":{"title":"Co-Existing with the Dynamics of California's Changing Coastline | KQED","description":"A rising sea makes things only a little worse than what we're used to, or at least what geologists are used to. Geoscientists are ready to help with this foreseeable future.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Co-Existing with the Dynamics of California's Changing Coastline","datePublished":"2014-01-30T15:00:10.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-11T00:51:27.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/13680/co-existing-with-the-dynamics-of-californias-changing-coastline","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13684\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/coastretreattop.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-13684\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13684\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/coastretreattop.jpg\" alt=\"California coastal bluffs\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">It should be clear at a glance that a coast like this is a temporary thing. Can we manage it to minimize misery? Photo: Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The sea level is rising all around the world; that inconvenient truth is part of the fact of climate change. But in California, rising sea level for the most part will not pose novel problems. We’ve had ample experience with the problems under the label of “coastal retreat”: even with a steady sea level, waves and tides will attack the land and beat it back without mercy. A rising sea makes things only a little worse than what we’re used to, or at least what geologists are used to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up and down the California coast, the sea has been carving cliffs into the shore and excavating them in the form of sand, which the currents carry from place to place. The main thing that protects the cliffs, moderating the inevitable, is that sand. Today’s balance of beaches and bluffs—rather, the balance that the first European settlers witnessed around 1800—took thousands of years to achieve after the last ice age ended, about 10,000 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13685\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/ano-nuevo-retreat.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-13685\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13685\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/ano-nuevo-retreat.jpg\" alt=\"coastal retreat at Ano Nuevo\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This hat on Año Nuevo Beach marks the position of the bluffs in the 1850s, during natural coastal retreat. \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/\">Read more here.\u003c/a> Andrew Alden photo\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Historically—and geologically—that balance included lots of sand entering the shore zone from rivers. But the addition of 38 million people to California in the last two centuries has led to the damming of nearly every river in the state, and now very little river sand is in the mix. Beaches are smaller now, and the sea level makes a bigger difference these days. Coastal retreat will inexorably step up its pace. During El Niño episodes, our sea level can be be more than a foot higher on top of our \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/26/grappling-with-rising-tides/\">king tides\u003c/a> and storm surges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How should we think about this in policy terms? Consider this case, from the long-term aerial surveys collected at \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiacoastline.org/\">californiacoastline.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This set of coastside homes along state route 1 north of Bodega Head, put in place some time before 1972, looked like this in 1979.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13686\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/1979Oct.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-13686\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13686\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/1979Oct.jpg\" alt=\"October 1979\" width=\"600\" height=\"350\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Copyright © 2002-2014 Kenneth & Gabrielle Adelman, California Coastal Records Project, www.californiacoastline.org\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Already, sea walls had been built at the base of the bluff to protect the slope from winter surf. Also note the landslide scars on the left (north) side. In 2002, a generation later, most of these homes were gone or abandoned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/01/30/co-existing-with-the-dynamics-of-californias-changing-coastline/2002nov/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-13687\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13687\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/2002Nov.jpg\" alt=\"November 2002\" width=\"600\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with the houses, the beefed-up sea walls and concrete armor on the bluffs had turned to wreckage. And last September, the road itself was in jeopardy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/01/30/co-existing-with-the-dynamics-of-californias-changing-coastline/2013sep/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-13688\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13688\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/2013Sep.jpg\" alt=\"September 2013\" width=\"600\" height=\"299\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of us would not have taken out a mortgage to build houses here in 1972, especially seeing it today. Many of us might have called the idea stupid or foolhardy. But let us stipulate that the inhabitants had years of regret-free pleasure, their banks made their money back, the coast did not erode faster than it would have anyway, the rubble is benign concrete, and that no one died or imposed outsized costs on the government. Ideally, the government’s land managers can choose to allow or forbid homebuilding like this based on the probable costs to society and what science says about the geology here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s making the best possible case. The worst case would be that the state decided today to replace the cliff, add three lanes to Route 1 and offer tax incentives for a large job-providing facility to locate here. It wasn’t so long ago that something similar was under way at Bodega Head in the early 1960s, where the giant utility PG&E set out to build a nuclear power plant. The locals were fighting it to little avail. But when government geologists \u003ca href=\"http://www.diggles.com/mbonilla/bonilla2/index.html\">documented the presence of a major earthquake fault\u003c/a> cutting through the foundation hole, their report served as a battering ram for the activists and led to the project being canceled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Truth be told, scientists generally prefer the rational action of the best case to the push and shove of the worst. Recognizing that retreat is the default state of the California coastline doesn’t mean that the default response is to retreat \u003cem>away\u003c/em> from the coast. There are ways for favored places to have a chance to endure. Sea cliffs that produce lots of sand can bolster the beaches nearby. Judicious sand replenishment can work when the effort meshes with natural patterns. Rivers can be managed to release more sediment. The key is for policymakers, by law and regulation, to incorporate scientific input at all stages of making decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists don’t need to run everything, but to avoid pushback from nature they need to be heard. The Geological Society of America’s position statement “\u003ca href=\"http://www.geosociety.org/positions/position22.htm\">Managing U.S. Coastal Hazards\u003c/a>” makes four main recommendations:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Geoscientists must share their knowledge with government and the public.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Costs of sea-level rise and risks of coastal hazards must be documented and planned for.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Governments must take responsibility for using science in their policymaking.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The fourth recommendation is for all of us: “The U.S. must develop a vision for the future that accepts the natural processes of a high-energy, rapidly evolving coastal system, and that seeks to live with the dynamics of change.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gstw44DeSI\">The National Research Council has a 5-minute video with more about sea-level rise on the west coast.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scripps Institution of Oceanography’s \u003ca href=\"http://coastalchange.ucsd.edu/index.html\">Living With Coastal Change\u003c/a> site presents more sound science with examples from Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/13680/co-existing-with-the-dynamics-of-californias-changing-coastline","authors":["6228"],"categories":["science_38"],"tags":["science_603","science_371","science_1241"],"featImg":"science_13684","label":"science"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this","airtime":"SUN 7:30pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/how-i-built-this","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"}},"inside-europe":{"id":"inside-europe","title":"Inside Europe","info":"Inside Europe, a one-hour weekly news magazine hosted by Helen Seeney and Keith Walker, explores the topical issues shaping the continent. No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. Download Chris’s Song of the Week plus other highlights from the broadcast. Produced by American Public Media.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-8pm, SUN 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Live-From-Here-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.livefromhere.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"american public media"},"link":"/radio/program/live-from-here-highlights","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1167173941","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Live-from-Here-Highlights-p921744/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/a-prairie-home-companion-highlights/rss/rss"}},"marketplace":{"id":"marketplace","title":"Marketplace","info":"Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/money/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/planet-money","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"}},"politicalbreakdown":{"id":"politicalbreakdown","title":"Political Breakdown","tagline":"Politics from a personal perspective","info":"Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.","airtime":"THU 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Political Breakdown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"11"},"link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5Nzk2MzI2MTEx","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"}},"pri-the-world":{"id":"pri-the-world","title":"PRI's The World: Latest Edition","info":"Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.","airtime":"MON-FRI 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world","meta":{"site":"news","source":"PRI"},"link":"/radio/program/pri-the-world","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/","rss":"http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"}},"radiolab":{"id":"radiolab","title":"Radiolab","info":"A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.","airtime":"SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/radiolab","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/","rss":"https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"}},"reveal":{"id":"reveal","title":"Reveal","info":"Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. The warmest, wittiest cocktail party - it's spirited and civil, brainy and boisterous, peppered with musical interludes. Fast paced and playful, it's the most fun you can have with language without getting your mouth washed out with soap. Our motto: It's not important to know the answers, it's important to like the answers!","airtime":"SUN 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Says-You-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.saysyouradio.com/","meta":{"site":"comedy","source":"Pipit and Finch"},"link":"/radio/program/says-you","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/says-you!/id1050199826","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Says-You-p480/","rss":"https://saysyou.libsyn.com/rss"}},"science-friday":{"id":"science-friday","title":"Science Friday","info":"Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.","airtime":"FRI 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/science-friday","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"}},"science-podcast":{"id":"science-podcast","title":"KQED Science News","tagline":"From the lab, to your ears","info":"KQED Science explores science and environment news, trends, and events from the Bay Area and beyond.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-News-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"kqed","order":"17"},"link":"/science/category/science-podcast","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqed-science-news/id214663465","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2dzLmtxZWQub3JnL3NjaWVuY2UvZmVlZC8","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed-science-news","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/feed/podcast"}},"selected-shorts":{"id":"selected-shorts","title":"Selected Shorts","info":"Spellbinding short stories by established and emerging writers take on a new life when they are performed by stars of the stage and screen.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Selected-Shorts-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/selected-shorts","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"pri"},"link":"/radio/program/selected-shorts","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=253191824&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Selected-Shorts-p31792/","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/selectedshorts"}},"snap-judgment":{"id":"snap-judgment","title":"Snap Judgment","info":"Snap Judgment (Storytelling, with a BEAT) mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic, kick-ass radio. Snap’s raw, musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. WNYC studios is the producer of leading podcasts including Radiolab, Freakonomics Radio, Note To Self, Here’s The Thing With Alec Baldwin, and more.","airtime":"SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/snapJudgement.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://snapjudgment.org","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/snap-judgment","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=283657561&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Snap-Judgment-p243817/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/snapjudgment-wnyc"}},"soldout":{"id":"soldout","title":"SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America","tagline":"A new future for housing","info":"Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/soldout","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":3},"link":"/podcasts/soldout","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america","tunein":"https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vc29sZG91dA"}},"ted-radio-hour":{"id":"ted-radio-hour","title":"TED Radio Hour","info":"The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/ted-radio-hour","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"}},"tech-nation":{"id":"tech-nation","title":"Tech Nation Radio Podcast","info":"Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.","airtime":"FRI 10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://technation.podomatic.com/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"Tech Nation Media"},"link":"/radio/program/tech-nation","subscribe":{"rss":"https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"}},"thebay":{"id":"thebay","title":"The Bay","tagline":"Local news to keep you rooted","info":"Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED The Bay","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/thebay","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"6"},"link":"/podcasts/thebay","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM4MjU5Nzg2MzI3","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"}},"californiareport":{"id":"californiareport","title":"The California Report","tagline":"California, day by day","info":"KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The California Report","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareport","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"9"},"link":"/californiareport","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1MDAyODE4NTgz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"}},"californiareportmagazine":{"id":"californiareportmagazine","title":"The California Report Magazine","tagline":"Your state, your stories","info":"Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.","airtime":"FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareportmagazine","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"10"},"link":"/californiareportmagazine","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"}},"theleap":{"id":"theleap","title":"The Leap","tagline":"What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?","info":"Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Leap","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/theleap","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"14"},"link":"/podcasts/theleap","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM0NTcwODQ2MjY2","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"}},"masters-of-scale":{"id":"masters-of-scale","title":"Masters of Scale","info":"Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.","airtime":"Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://mastersofscale.com/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WaitWhat"},"link":"/radio/program/masters-of-scale","subscribe":{"apple":"http://mastersofscale.app.link/","rss":"https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"}},"the-moth-radio-hour":{"id":"the-moth-radio-hour","title":"The Moth Radio Hour","info":"Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://themoth.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"prx"},"link":"/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/","rss":"http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"}},"the-new-yorker-radio-hour":{"id":"the-new-yorker-radio-hour","title":"The New Yorker Radio Hour","info":"The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.","airtime":"SAT 10am-11am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"}},"the-takeaway":{"id":"the-takeaway","title":"The Takeaway","info":"The Takeaway is produced in partnership with its national audience. It delivers perspective and analysis to help us better understand the day’s news. Be a part of the American conversation on-air and online.","airtime":"MON-THU 12pm-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Takeaway-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/takeaway","meta":{"site":"news","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-takeaway","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-takeaway/id363143310?mt=2","tuneIn":"http://tunein.com/radio/The-Takeaway-p150731/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/takeawaypodcast"}},"this-american-life":{"id":"this-american-life","title":"This American Life","info":"This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.","airtime":"SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wbez"},"link":"/radio/program/this-american-life","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","rss":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"}},"truthbetold":{"id":"truthbetold","title":"Truth Be Told","tagline":"Advice by and for people of color","info":"We’re the friend you call after a long day, the one who gets it. Through wisdom from some of the greatest thinkers of our time, host Tonya Mosley explores what it means to grow and thrive as a Black person in America, while discovering new ways of being that serve as a portal to more love, more healing, and more joy.","airtime":"","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Truth-Be-Told-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Truth Be Told with Tonya Mosley","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.kqed.ord/podcasts/truthbetold","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr","order":"12"},"link":"/podcasts/truthbetold","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/truth-be-told/id1462216572","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS90cnV0aC1iZS10b2xkLXBvZGNhc3QvZmVlZA","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/719210818/truth-be-told","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=398170&refid=stpr","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/587DhwTBxke6uvfwDfaV5N"}},"wait-wait-dont-tell-me":{"id":"wait-wait-dont-tell-me","title":"Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!","info":"Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.","airtime":"SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"}},"washington-week":{"id":"washington-week","title":"Washington Week","info":"For 50 years, Washington Week has been the most intelligent and up to date conversation about the most important news stories of the week. Washington Week is the longest-running news and public affairs program on PBS and features journalists -- not pundits -- lending insight and perspective to the week's important news stories.","airtime":"SAT 1:30am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/washington-week.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/washington-week","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/washington-week-audio-pbs/id83324702?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Current-Affairs/Washington-Week-p693/","rss":"http://feeds.pbs.org/pbs/weta/washingtonweek-audio"}},"weekend-edition-saturday":{"id":"weekend-edition-saturday","title":"Weekend Edition Saturday","info":"Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.","airtime":"SAT 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"},"weekend-edition-sunday":{"id":"weekend-edition-sunday","title":"Weekend Edition Sunday","info":"Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.","airtime":"SUN 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"},"world-affairs":{"id":"world-affairs","title":"World Affairs","info":"The world as we knew it is undergoing a rapid transformation…so what's next? Welcome to WorldAffairs, your guide to a changing world. We give you the context you need to navigate across borders and ideologies. Through sound-rich stories and in-depth interviews, we break down what it means to be a global citizen on a hot, crowded planet. Our hosts, Ray Suarez, Teresa Cotsirilos and Philip Yun help you make sense of an uncertain world, one story at a time.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/World-Affairs-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg ","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.worldaffairs.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"World Affairs"},"link":"/radio/program/world-affairs","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/world-affairs/id101215657?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/WorldAffairs-p1665/","rss":"https://worldaffairs.libsyn.com/rss"}},"on-shifting-ground":{"id":"on-shifting-ground","title":"On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez","info":"Geopolitical turmoil. A warming planet. Authoritarians on the rise. We live in a chaotic world that’s rapidly shifting around us. “On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez” explores international fault lines and how they impact us all. Each week, NPR veteran Ray Suarez hosts conversations with journalists, leaders and policy experts to help us read between the headlines – and give us hope for human resilience.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/12/onshiftingground-600x600-1.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://worldaffairs.org/radio-podcast/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"On Shifting Ground"},"link":"/radio/program/on-shifting-ground","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/ie/podcast/on-shifting-ground/id101215657","rss":"https://feeds.libsyn.com/36668/rss"}},"hidden-brain":{"id":"hidden-brain","title":"Hidden Brain","info":"Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain","airtime":"SUN 7pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"NPR"},"link":"/radio/program/hidden-brain","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"}},"city-arts":{"id":"city-arts","title":"City Arts & Lectures","info":"A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.cityarts.net/","airtime":"SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am","meta":{"site":"news","source":"City Arts & Lectures"},"link":"https://www.cityarts.net","subscribe":{"tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/","rss":"https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"}},"white-lies":{"id":"white-lies","title":"White Lies","info":"In 1965, Rev. James Reeb was murdered in Selma, Alabama. Three men were tried and acquitted, but no one was ever held to account. Fifty years later, two journalists from Alabama return to the city where it happened, expose the lies that kept the murder from being solved and uncover a story about guilt and memory that says as much about America today as it does about the past.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/White-Lies-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510343/white-lies","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/white-lies","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/whitelies","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1462650519?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM0My9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/12yZ2j8vxqhc0QZyRES3ft?si=LfWYEK6URA63hueKVxRLAw","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510343/podcast.xml"}},"rightnowish":{"id":"rightnowish","title":"Rightnowish","tagline":"Art is where you find it","info":"Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/rightnowish","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"kqed","order":"5"},"link":"/podcasts/rightnowish","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"}},"jerrybrown":{"id":"jerrybrown","title":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","tagline":"Lessons from a lifetime in politics","info":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"16"},"link":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/","tuneIn":"http://tun.in/pjGcK","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9zZXJpZXMvamVycnlicm93bi9mZWVkL3BvZGNhc3Qv"}},"the-splendid-table":{"id":"the-splendid-table","title":"The Splendid Table","info":"\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.splendidtable.org/","airtime":"SUN 10-11 pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/the-splendid-table"}},"racesReducer":{"5921":{"id":"5921","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":158422,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.97,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Doris Matsui","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":89456,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tom Silva","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":48920,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Mandel","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":20046,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:00:38.194Z"},"5922":{"id":"5922","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rudy Recile","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Garamendi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5924":{"id":"5924","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":185034,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.07,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark DeSaulnier","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":121265,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katherine Piccinini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34883,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nolan Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":19459,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Sweeney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":7606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mohamed Elsherbini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1821,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:02:32.415Z"},"5926":{"id":"5926","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":153801,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lateefah Simon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":85905,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Tran","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22964,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Daysog","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17197,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Slauson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9699,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Glenn Kaplan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6785,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4243,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Abdur Sikder","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2847,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ned Nuerge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2532,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Andre Todd","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:22:36.062Z"},"5928":{"id":"5928","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":125831,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.14,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Eric Swalwell","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":83989,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Vin Kruttiventi","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":22106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alison Hayden","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11928,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luis Reynoso","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7808,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:51:36.366Z"},"5930":{"id":"5930","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":182135,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","timeUpdated":"3:04 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sam Liccardo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":38489,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Evan Low","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30249,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Simitian","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30249,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Ohtaki","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23275,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Dixon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14673,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rishi Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12377,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karl Ryan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11557,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Julie Lythcott-Haims","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11383,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ahmed Mostafa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5811,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Greg Tanaka","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2421,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joby Bernstein","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1651,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:32:05.002Z"},"5931":{"id":"5931","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":117534,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.92,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ro Khanna","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73941,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anita Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31539,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ritesh Tandon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5728,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mario Ramirez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4491,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Dehn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":1835,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T01:50:53.956Z"},"5932":{"id":"5932","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":96302,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.93,"eevp":98.83,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Zoe Lofgren","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":49323,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Peter Hernandez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31622,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Charlene Nijmeh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":10614,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Lawrence Milan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2712,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luele Kifle","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2031,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:26:02.706Z"},"5963":{"id":"5963","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":139085,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.62,"eevp":98.6,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Greer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38079,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Rogers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":27126,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rusty Hicks","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25615,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ariel Kelley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Frankie Myers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17694,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ted Williams","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9550,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Click","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1538,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-22T21:38:36.711Z"},"5972":{"id":"5972","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":99775,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lori Wilson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":50085,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dave Ennis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":26074,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Wanda Wallis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14638,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeffrey Flack","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8978,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T02:01:24.524Z"},"5973":{"id":"5973","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":143532,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Damon Connolly","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":111275,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andy Podshadley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17240,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Eryn Cervantes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15017,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:25:32.262Z"},"5975":{"id":"5975","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":106997,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.06,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Buffy Wicks","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":78678,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Margot Smith","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18251,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Utkarsh Jain","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":10068,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:30:34.539Z"},"5976":{"id":"5976","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":97144,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.98,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sonia Ledo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":30946,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anamarie Farias","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":29512,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Monica Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":24775,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karen Mitchoff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11911,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T00:19:38.858Z"},"5977":{"id":"5977","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joseph Rubay","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rebecca Bauer-Kahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5978":{"id":"5978","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":111003,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Haney","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":90915,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Manuel Noris-Barrera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13843,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Otto Duke","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6245,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:36:19.697Z"},"5979":{"id":"5979","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":86008,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.1,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mia Bonta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andre Sandford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":4575,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mindy Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4389,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cheyenne Kenney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T08:03:23.729Z"},"5980":{"id":"5980","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":113959,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.8,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Catherine Stefani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":64960,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":33035,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nadia Flamenco","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":8335,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Arjun Sodhani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-11T23:50:23.109Z"},"5981":{"id":"5981","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 20","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Ortega","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5982":{"id":"5982","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 21","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Gilham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Diane Papan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5984":{"id":"5984","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 23","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":116963,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Marc Berman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":67106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lydia Kou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":23699,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Gus Mattammal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13277,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Allan Marson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12881,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:13:06.280Z"},"5987":{"id":"5987","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 26","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":72753,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Patrick Ahrens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25036,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tara Sreekrishnan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19600,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sophie Song","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15954,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Omar Din","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8772,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bob Goodwyn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":2170,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ashish Garg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1221,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T21:06:29.070Z"},"5989":{"id":"5989","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 28","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Gail Pellerin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Liz Lawler","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6010":{"id":"6010","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 49","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Fong","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Long Liu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6018":{"id":"6018","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":229348,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.05,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jared Huffman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":169005,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Coulombe","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":37372,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tief Gibbs","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18437,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jolian Kangas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":3166,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Brisendine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1368,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:46:10.103Z"},"6020":{"id":"6020","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":187640,"precinctsReportPercentage":96.32,"eevp":96.36,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":118147,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Munn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":56232,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andrew Engdahl","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11202,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Niket Patwardhan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":2059,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:30:57.980Z"},"6025":{"id":"6025","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":121271,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.17,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Harder","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":60396,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Lincoln","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":36346,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John McBride","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15525,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Khalid Jafri","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:49:44.113Z"},"6031":{"id":"6031","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Anna Kramer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Mullin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6035":{"id":"6035","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":203670,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.11,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jimmy Panetta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":132540,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jason Anderson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":58120,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sean Dougherty","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Grn","voteCount":13010,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:23:46.779Z"},"6066":{"id":"6066","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jamie Gallagher","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Aaron Draper","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6067":{"id":"6067","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Cecilia Aguiar-Curry","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6087":{"id":"6087","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 24","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":66643,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alex Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45544,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Brunton","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14951,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marti Souza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6148,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T23:23:49.770Z"},"6088":{"id":"6088","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 25","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":69560,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.31,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ash Kalra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":35821,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ted Stroll","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18255,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lan Ngo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":15484,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T02:40:57.200Z"},"6092":{"id":"6092","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 29","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Robert Rivas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"J.W. Paine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6223":{"id":"6223","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 46","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:16 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lou Correa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Pan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6530":{"id":"6530","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":222193,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Thom Bogue","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":61776,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christopher Cabaldon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":59041,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rozzana Verder-Aliga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45546,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jackie Elward","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41127,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jimih Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14703,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:24:31.539Z"},"6531":{"id":"6531","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":171623,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jim Shoemaker","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":74935,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jerry McNerney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":57040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Carlos Villapudua","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":39648,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T20:07:46.382Z"},"6532":{"id":"6532","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":192446,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.72,"eevp":98.78,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jesse Arreguín","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61837,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jovanka Beckles","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34025,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dan Kalb","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28842,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Kathryn Lybarger","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28041,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sandre Swanson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22862,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeanne Solnordal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16839,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:58:11.533Z"},"6533":{"id":"6533","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tim Grayson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marisol Rubio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6534":{"id":"6534","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":228260,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Scott Wiener","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":166592,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Yvette Corkrean","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34438,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Cravens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18513,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jing Xiong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":8717,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T02:01:51.597Z"},"6535":{"id":"6535","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":227191,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Becker","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":167127,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alexander Glew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":42788,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christina Laskowski","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17276,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:56:24.964Z"},"6536":{"id":"6536","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":180231,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.81,"eevp":98.95,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dave Cortese","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":124440,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Robert Howell","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34173,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Loaiza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":21618,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T01:15:45.365Z"},"6548":{"id":"6548","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 39","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:55 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Akilah Weber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Divine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6611":{"id":"6611","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":188732,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.89,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Nancy Pelosi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":138285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bruce Lou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marjorie Mikels","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9363,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bianca Von Krieg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":7634,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Zeng","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6607,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Boyce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4325,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Larry Nichelson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3482,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eve Del Castello","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2751,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:31:55.445Z"},"8589":{"id":"8589","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7276537,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2299507,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2292414,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1115606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":714408,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":240723,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Bradley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":98180,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61755,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sharleta Bassett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":54422,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sarah Liew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Laura Garza ","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":34320,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Reiss","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34283,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34056,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gail Lightfoot","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":33046,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Denice Gary-Pandol","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":25494,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Macauley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23168,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Harmesh Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21522,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Peterson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21076,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Douglas Pierce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19371,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Major Singh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":16965,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"John Rose","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14577,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Perry Pound","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14134,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Raji Rab","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":13558,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mark Ruzon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":13429,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Forrest Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":13027,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stefan Simchowitz","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12717,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Martin Veprauskas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9714,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Don Grundmann","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":6582,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T05:01:46.589Z"},"8686":{"id":"8686","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":3589127,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:48 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Biden","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":3200188,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marianne Williamson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":145690,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Dean Phillips","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":99981,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Armando Perez-Serrato","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":42925,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gabriel Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41261,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"President Boddie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25373,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Lyons","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21008,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eban Cambridge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12701,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:12:27.559Z"},"8688":{"id":"8688","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":2466569,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Donald Trump","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":1953947,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nikki Haley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":430792,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ron DeSantis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":35581,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Chris Christie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":20164,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Vivek Ramaswamy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11069,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rachel Swift","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4231,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Stuckenberg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3895,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ryan Binkley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3563,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Asa Hutchinson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3327,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:13:19.766Z"},"81993":{"id":"81993","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I Unexpired Term","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7358837,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2444940,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2155146,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1269194,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":863278,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":448788,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":109421,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":68070,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:31:08.186Z"},"82014":{"id":"82014","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"Proposition, 1 - Behavioral Health Services Program","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":7221972,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3624998,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3596974,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:11:06.265Z"},"timeLoaded":"April 25, 2024 10:36 PM","nationalRacesLoaded":true,"localRacesLoaded":true,"overrides":[{"id":"5921","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5922","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5924","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5926","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/congress-12th-district"},{"id":"5928","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5930","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/congress-16th-district"},{"id":"5931","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5932","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5963","raceName":"State Assembly, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5972","raceName":"State Assembly, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5973","raceName":"State Assembly, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5975","raceName":"State Assembly, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5976","raceName":"State Assembly, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/state-assembly"},{"id":"5977","raceName":"State Assembly, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5978","raceName":"State Assembly, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5979","raceName":"State Assembly, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5980","raceName":"State Assembly, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5981","raceName":"State Assembly, District 20","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5982","raceName":"State Assembly, District 21","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5984","raceName":"State Assembly, District 23","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-assembly-23rd-district"},{"id":"5987","raceName":"State Assembly, District 26","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/state-assembly-26th-district"},{"id":"5989","raceName":"State Assembly, District 28","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6010","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6018","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6020","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6025","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6031","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6035","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6067","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6087","raceName":"State Assembly, District 24","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6088","raceName":"State Assembly, District 25","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6092","raceName":"State Assembly, District 29","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6223","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6530","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-3rd-district"},{"id":"6531","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6532","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-7th-district"},{"id":"6533","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6534","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6535","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6536","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6611","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"8589","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Full Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/senator"},{"id":"8686","raceName":"California Democratic Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 496 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/president/democrat"},{"id":"8688","raceName":"California Republican Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 169 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://kqed.org/elections/results/president/republican"},{"id":"81993","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Partial/Unexpired Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election."},{"id":"82014","raceName":"Proposition 1","raceDescription":"Bond and mental health reforms. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/proposition-1"}],"AlamedaJudge5":{"id":"AlamedaJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":200601,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Terry Wiley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":200601}]},"AlamedaJudge12":{"id":"AlamedaJudge12","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":240853,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Fickes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":133009},{"candidateName":"Michael P. Johnson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107844}]},"AlamedaBoard2":{"id":"AlamedaBoard2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":33580,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Lewis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6943},{"candidateName":"Angela Normand","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":26637}]},"AlamedaBoard5":{"id":"AlamedaBoard5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":26072,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Guadalupe \"Lupe\" Angulo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7521},{"candidateName":"Janevette Cole","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13338},{"candidateName":"Joe Orlando Ramos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5213}]},"AlamedaBoard6":{"id":"AlamedaBoard6","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 6","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":30864,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Guerrero","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9989},{"candidateName":"Eileen McDonald","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20875}]},"AlamedaSup1":{"id":"AlamedaSup1","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":41038,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Haubert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":41038}]},"AlamedaSup2":{"id":"AlamedaSup2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":31034,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Elisa Márquez","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":31034}]},"AlamedaSup4":{"id":"AlamedaSup4","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":57007,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jennifer Esteen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22400},{"candidateName":"Nate Miley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34607}]},"AlamedaSup5":{"id":"AlamedaSup5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":81059,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ben Bartlett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13518},{"candidateName":"Nikki Fortunato Bas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":27597},{"candidateName":"John J. Bauters","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":16783},{"candidateName":"Ken Berrick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7520},{"candidateName":"Omar Farmer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1240},{"candidateName":"Gregory Hodge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3419},{"candidateName":"Chris Moore","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7428},{"candidateName":"Gerald Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":305},{"candidateName":"Lorrel Plimier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3249}]},"AlamedaBoard7":{"id":"AlamedaBoard7","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Flood Control & Water Conservation District Director, Zone 7, Full Term","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":134340,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alan Burnham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15723},{"candidateName":"Sandy Figuers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22454},{"candidateName":"Laurene K. Green","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":30343},{"candidateName":"Kathy Narum","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23833},{"candidateName":"Seema Badar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7468},{"candidateName":"Catherine Brown","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34519}]},"AlamedaAuditor":{"id":"AlamedaAuditor","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Oakland Auditor","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":59227,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Houston","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59227}]},"AlamedaMeasureA":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Civil service. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":282335,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":167903},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":114432}]},"AlamedaMeasureB":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Recall rules. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":282683,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":182200},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":100483}]},"AlamedaMeasureD":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Oakland. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":79797,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59852},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19945}]},"AlamedaMeasureE":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Alameda Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":22692,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17280},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5412}]},"AlamedaMeasureF":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"Piedmont. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":4855,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3673},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1182}]},"AlamedaMeasureG":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Albany Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":5898,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4651},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1247}]},"AlamedaMeasureH":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Berkeley Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":33331,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":29418},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3913}]},"AlamedaMeasureI":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Hayward Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":21929,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14151},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7778}]},"AlamedaMeasureJ":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureJ","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure J","raceDescription":"San Leandro Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":12338,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7784},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4554}]},"CCD2":{"id":"CCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":45776,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Candace Andersen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":45776}]},"CCD3":{"id":"CCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":25120,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Diane Burgis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":25120}]},"CCD5":{"id":"CCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":37045,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Barbanica","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14338},{"candidateName":"Jelani Killings","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5683},{"candidateName":"Shanelle Scales-Preston","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12993},{"candidateName":"Iztaccuauhtli Hector Gonzalez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4031}]},"CCMeasureA":{"id":"CCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Martinez. Appoint City Clerk. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":11513,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7554},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3959}]},"CCMeasureB":{"id":"CCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Antioch Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":17971,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10397},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7574}]},"CCMeasureC":{"id":"CCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Martinez Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":9230,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6917},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2313}]},"CCMeasureD":{"id":"CCMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Moraga School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":6007,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4052},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1955}]},"MarinD2":{"id":"MarinD2","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":18466,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Brian Colbert","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7971},{"candidateName":"Heather McPhail Sridharan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4851},{"candidateName":"Ryan O'Neil","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2647},{"candidateName":"Gabe Paulson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2997}]},"MarinD3":{"id":"MarinD3","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":13274,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Moulton-Peters","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13274}]},"MarinD4":{"id":"MarinD4","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":12986,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dennis Rodoni","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10086},{"candidateName":"Francis Drouillard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2900}]},"MarinLarkspurCC":{"id":"MarinLarkspurCC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Larkspur City Council (Short Term)","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4176,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Andre","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2514},{"candidateName":"Claire Paquette","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1008},{"candidateName":"Lana Scott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":654}]},"MarinRossCouncil":{"id":"MarinRossCouncil","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Ross Town Council","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1740,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Charles William \"Bill\" Kircher, Jr.","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":536},{"candidateName":"Mathew Salter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":502},{"candidateName":"Shadi Aboukhater","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":187},{"candidateName":"Teri Dowling","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":515}]},"MarinMeasureA":{"id":"MarinMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Tamalpais Union High School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":45345,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24376},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20969}]},"MarinMeasureB":{"id":"MarinMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":132,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":62},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":70}]},"MarinMeasureC":{"id":"MarinMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Belvedere. Appropriation limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":870,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":679},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureD":{"id":"MarinMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Larkspur. Rent stabilization. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-d","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4955,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2573},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2382}]},"MarinMeasureE":{"id":"MarinMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Ross. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":874,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":683},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureF":{"id":"MarinMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"San Anselmo. Flood Control and Water Conservation District. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":5193,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3083},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2110}]},"MarinMeasureG":{"id":"MarinMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Bel Marin Keys Community Services District. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":830,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":661},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":169}]},"MarinMeasureH":{"id":"MarinMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, fire protection. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1738,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1369},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":369}]},"MarinMeasureI":{"id":"MarinMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, parks. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1735,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1336},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":399}]},"NapaD2":{"id":"NapaD2","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":8351,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Alessio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6340},{"candidateName":"Doris Gentry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2011}]},"NapaD4":{"id":"NapaD4","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":7306,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Amber Manfree","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3913},{"candidateName":"Pete Mott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3393}]},"NapaD5":{"id":"NapaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":5356,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mariam Aboudamous","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2379},{"candidateName":"Belia Ramos","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2977}]},"NapaMeasureD":{"id":"NapaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Howell Mountain Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":741,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":367},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":374}]},"NapaMeasureU":{"id":"NapaMeasureU","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Lake Berryessa Resort Improvement District. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":86,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":63},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23}]},"NapaMeasureU1":{"id":"NapaMeasureU1","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Yountville. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":925,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":793},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":132}]},"SFJudge1":{"id":"SFJudge1","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-1","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202960,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Begert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":124943},{"candidateName":"Chip Zecher","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":78017}]},"SFJudge13":{"id":"SFJudge13","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 13","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-13","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202386,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jean Myungjin Roland","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":90012},{"candidateName":"Patrick S. Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":112374}]},"SFPropA":{"id":"SFPropA","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition A","raceDescription":"Housing bond. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":225187,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":158497},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":66690}]},"SFPropB":{"id":"SFPropB","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition B","raceDescription":"Police staffing. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222954,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":61580},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":161374}]},"SFPropC":{"id":"SFPropC","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition C","raceDescription":"Transfer tax exemption. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":220349,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":116311},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":104038}]},"SFPropD":{"id":"SFPropD","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition D","raceDescription":"Ethics laws. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222615,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":198584},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24031}]},"SFPropE":{"id":"SFPropE","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition E","raceDescription":"Police policies. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222817,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":120529},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":102288}]},"SFPropF":{"id":"SFPropF","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition F","raceDescription":"Drug screening. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-f","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":224004,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":130214},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":93790}]},"SFPropG":{"id":"SFPropG","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition G","raceDescription":"Eighth-grade algebra. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222704,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":182066},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":40638}]},"SMJudge4":{"id":"SMJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":108919,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sarah Burdick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":108919}]},"SMD1":{"id":"SMD1","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":29650,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jackie Speier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20353},{"candidateName":"Ann Schneider","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9297}]},"SMD4":{"id":"SMD4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":22725,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Antonio Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5730},{"candidateName":"Lisa Gauthier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10358},{"candidateName":"Celeste Brevard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1268},{"candidateName":"Paul Bocanegra","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1909},{"candidateName":"Maggie Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3460}]},"SMD5":{"id":"SMD5","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":19937,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Canepa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19937}]},"SMMeasureB":{"id":"SMMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"County Service Area #1 (Highlands). Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":1549,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1360},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":189}]},"SMMeasureC":{"id":"SMMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Jefferson Elementary School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":12234,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8543},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3691}]},"SMMeasureE":{"id":"SMMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Woodside Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":1392,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":910},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":482}]},"SMMeasureG":{"id":"SMMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Pacifica School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":11548,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7067},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4481}]},"SMMeasureH":{"id":"SMMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"San Carlos School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":9938,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6283},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3655}]},"SCJudge5":{"id":"SCJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":301953,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jay Boyarsky","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":142549},{"candidateName":"Nicole M. Ford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":52147},{"candidateName":"Johnene Linda Stebbins","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107257}]},"SCD2":{"id":"SCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":44059,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Corina Herrera-Loera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10519},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Margaret Celaya","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2394},{"candidateName":"Madison Nguyen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12794},{"candidateName":"Betty Duong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14031},{"candidateName":"Nelson McElmurry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4321}]},"SCD3":{"id":"SCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":42549,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Otto Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42549}]},"SCD5":{"id":"SCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":88712,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Margaret Abe-Koga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":37172},{"candidateName":"Sally J. Lieber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":21962},{"candidateName":"Barry Chang","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6164},{"candidateName":"Peter C. Fung","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17892},{"candidateName":"Sandy Sans","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5522}]},"SCSJMayor":{"id":"SCSJMayor","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José Mayor","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":167064,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Mahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":144701},{"candidateName":"Tyrone Wade","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22363}]},"SCSJD2":{"id":"SCSJD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14131,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4950},{"candidateName":"Pamela Campos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3436},{"candidateName":"Vanessa Sandoval","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2719},{"candidateName":"Babu Prasad","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3026}]},"SCSJD4":{"id":"SCSJD4","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14322,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kansen Chu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5931},{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8391}]},"SCSJD6":{"id":"SCSJD6","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":25108,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9875},{"candidateName":"Alex Shoor","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3850},{"candidateName":"Angelo \"A.J.\" Pasciuti","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2688},{"candidateName":"Michael Mulcahy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8695}]},"SCSJD8":{"id":"SCSJD8","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 8","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":21462,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tam Truong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6982},{"candidateName":"Domingo Candelas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8466},{"candidateName":"Sukhdev Singh Bainiwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5513},{"candidateName":"Surinder Kaur Dhaliwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":501}]},"SCSJD10":{"id":"SCSJD10","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 10","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":22799,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"George Casey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8805},{"candidateName":"Arjun Batra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8354},{"candidateName":"Lenka Wright","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5640}]},"SCMeasureA":{"id":"SCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed city clerk. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":20315,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6580},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13735}]},"SCMeasureB":{"id":"SCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed police chief. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":20567,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5680},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14887}]},"SCMeasureC":{"id":"SCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Sunnyvale School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14656,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10261},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4395}]},"SolanoD15":{"id":"SolanoD15","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Department 15","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":81709,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":36844},{"candidateName":"Bryan J. Kim","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":44865}]},"SolanoD1":{"id":"SolanoD1","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":13786,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6401},{"candidateName":"Cassandra James","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7385}]},"SolanoD2":{"id":"SolanoD2","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":19903,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Monica Brown","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10951},{"candidateName":"Nora Dizon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3135},{"candidateName":"Rochelle Sherlock","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5817}]},"SolanoD5":{"id":"SolanoD5","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":17888,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mitch Mashburn","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11210},{"candidateName":"Chadwick J. Ledoux","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6678}]},"SolanoEducation":{"id":"SolanoEducation","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Sacramento County Board of Education","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":3650,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Heather Davis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2960},{"candidateName":"Shazleen Khan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":690}]},"SolanoMeasureA":{"id":"SolanoMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Benicia. Hotel tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10136,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7869},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2267}]},"SolanoMeasureB":{"id":"SolanoMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Benicia. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10164,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7335},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2829}]},"SolanoMeasureC":{"id":"SolanoMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Benicia Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10112,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6316},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3796}]},"SolanoMeasureN":{"id":"SolanoMeasureN","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure N","raceDescription":"Davis Joint Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":15,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10}]},"SonomaJudge3":{"id":"SonomaJudge3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":115405,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kristine M. Burk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":79498},{"candidateName":"Beki Berrey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":35907}]},"SonomaJudge4":{"id":"SonomaJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":86789,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Paul J. Lozada","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":86789}]},"SonomaJudge6":{"id":"SonomaJudge6","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":117990,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Omar Figueroa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42236},{"candidateName":"Kenneth English","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":75754}]},"SonomaD1":{"id":"SonomaD1","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":30348,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rebecca Hermosillo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23958},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Mathieu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6390}]},"SonomaD3":{"id":"SonomaD3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/supervisor-3rd-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":16312,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Chris Coursey","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11346},{"candidateName":"Omar Medina","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4966}]},"SonomaD5":{"id":"SonomaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":23356,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lynda Hopkins","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23356}]},"SonomaMeasureA":{"id":"SonomaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Cotati-Rohnert Park Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":13756,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10320},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3436}]},"SonomaMeasureB":{"id":"SonomaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":24877,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15795},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9082}]},"SonomaMeasureC":{"id":"SonomaMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Fort Ross School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":286,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":159},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":127}]},"SonomaMeasureD":{"id":"SonomaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Harmony Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":1925,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1089},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":836}]},"SonomaMeasureE":{"id":"SonomaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Petaluma City (Elementary) School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":11133,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7622},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3511}]},"SonomaMeasureG":{"id":"SonomaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Rincon Valley Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":14577,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8668},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5909}]},"SonomaMeasureH":{"id":"SonomaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Sonoma County. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/measure-h","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":145261,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":89646},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":55615}]}},"radioSchedulesReducer":{},"listsReducer":{"posts/science?tag=climate-change-impacts":{"isFetching":false,"latestQuery":{"from":0,"postsToRender":9},"tag":null,"vitalsOnly":true,"totalRequested":9,"isLoading":false,"isLoadingMore":true,"total":11,"items":["science_1992415","science_1934809","science_1921583","science_1915608","science_1914632","science_216656","science_63208","science_16016","science_13680"]}},"recallGuideReducer":{"intros":{},"policy":{},"candidates":{}},"savedPostsReducer":{},"pfsSessionReducer":{},"siteSettingsReducer":{},"subscriptionsReducer":{},"termsReducer":{"about":{"name":"About","type":"terms","id":"about","slug":"about","link":"/about","taxonomy":"site"},"arts":{"name":"Arts & Culture","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"description":"KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.","type":"terms","id":"arts","slug":"arts","link":"/arts","taxonomy":"site"},"artschool":{"name":"Art School","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"artschool","slug":"artschool","link":"/artschool","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareabites":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"bayareabites","slug":"bayareabites","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareahiphop":{"name":"Bay Area Hiphop","type":"terms","id":"bayareahiphop","slug":"bayareahiphop","link":"/bayareahiphop","taxonomy":"site"},"campaign21":{"name":"Campaign 21","type":"terms","id":"campaign21","slug":"campaign21","link":"/campaign21","taxonomy":"site"},"checkplease":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"checkplease","slug":"checkplease","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"education":{"name":"Education","grouping":["education"],"type":"terms","id":"education","slug":"education","link":"/education","taxonomy":"site"},"elections":{"name":"Elections","type":"terms","id":"elections","slug":"elections","link":"/elections","taxonomy":"site"},"events":{"name":"Events","type":"terms","id":"events","slug":"events","link":"/events","taxonomy":"site"},"event":{"name":"Event","alias":"events","type":"terms","id":"event","slug":"event","link":"/event","taxonomy":"site"},"filmschoolshorts":{"name":"Film School Shorts","type":"terms","id":"filmschoolshorts","slug":"filmschoolshorts","link":"/filmschoolshorts","taxonomy":"site"},"food":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"type":"terms","id":"food","slug":"food","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"forum":{"name":"Forum","relatedContentQuery":"posts/forum?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"forum","slug":"forum","link":"/forum","taxonomy":"site"},"futureofyou":{"name":"Future of You","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"futureofyou","slug":"futureofyou","link":"/futureofyou","taxonomy":"site"},"jpepinheart":{"name":"KQED food","relatedContentQuery":"trending/food,bayareabites,checkplease","parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"jpepinheart","slug":"jpepinheart","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"liveblog":{"name":"Live Blog","type":"terms","id":"liveblog","slug":"liveblog","link":"/liveblog","taxonomy":"site"},"livetv":{"name":"Live TV","parent":"tv","type":"terms","id":"livetv","slug":"livetv","link":"/livetv","taxonomy":"site"},"lowdown":{"name":"The Lowdown","relatedContentQuery":"posts/lowdown?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"lowdown","slug":"lowdown","link":"/lowdown","taxonomy":"site"},"mindshift":{"name":"Mindshift","parent":"news","description":"MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.","type":"terms","id":"mindshift","slug":"mindshift","link":"/mindshift","taxonomy":"site"},"news":{"name":"News","grouping":["news","forum"],"type":"terms","id":"news","slug":"news","link":"/news","taxonomy":"site"},"perspectives":{"name":"Perspectives","parent":"radio","type":"terms","id":"perspectives","slug":"perspectives","link":"/perspectives","taxonomy":"site"},"podcasts":{"name":"Podcasts","type":"terms","id":"podcasts","slug":"podcasts","link":"/podcasts","taxonomy":"site"},"pop":{"name":"Pop","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"pop","slug":"pop","link":"/pop","taxonomy":"site"},"pressroom":{"name":"Pressroom","type":"terms","id":"pressroom","slug":"pressroom","link":"/pressroom","taxonomy":"site"},"quest":{"name":"Quest","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"quest","slug":"quest","link":"/quest","taxonomy":"site"},"radio":{"name":"Radio","grouping":["forum","perspectives"],"description":"Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.","type":"terms","id":"radio","slug":"radio","link":"/radio","taxonomy":"site"},"root":{"name":"KQED","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","imageWidth":1200,"imageHeight":630,"headData":{"title":"KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California","description":"KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."},"type":"terms","id":"root","slug":"root","link":"/root","taxonomy":"site"},"science":{"name":"Science","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"description":"KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.","type":"terms","id":"science","slug":"science","link":"/science","taxonomy":"site"},"stateofhealth":{"name":"State of Health","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"stateofhealth","slug":"stateofhealth","link":"/stateofhealth","taxonomy":"site"},"support":{"name":"Support","type":"terms","id":"support","slug":"support","link":"/support","taxonomy":"site"},"thedolist":{"name":"The Do List","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"thedolist","slug":"thedolist","link":"/thedolist","taxonomy":"site"},"trulyca":{"name":"Truly CA","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"trulyca","slug":"trulyca","link":"/trulyca","taxonomy":"site"},"tv":{"name":"TV","type":"terms","id":"tv","slug":"tv","link":"/tv","taxonomy":"site"},"voterguide":{"name":"Voter Guide","parent":"elections","alias":"elections","type":"terms","id":"voterguide","slug":"voterguide","link":"/voterguide","taxonomy":"site"},"science_603":{"type":"terms","id":"science_603","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"603","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"climate change impacts","slug":"climate-change-impacts","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"climate change impacts Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null,"imageData":{"ogImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","width":1200,"height":630},"twImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"},"twitterCard":"summary_large_image"}},"ttid":609,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/climate-change-impacts"},"source_science_1921583":{"type":"terms","id":"source_science_1921583","meta":{"override":true},"name":"Climate","isLoading":false},"source_science_216656":{"type":"terms","id":"source_science_216656","meta":{"override":true},"name":"KQED Science","link":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/","isLoading":false},"science_40":{"type":"terms","id":"science_40","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"40","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"News","slug":"news","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"News Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":42,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/news"},"science_194":{"type":"terms","id":"science_194","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"194","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"climate change","slug":"climate-change","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"climate change Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":198,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/climate-change"},"science_4417":{"type":"terms","id":"science_4417","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"4417","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"featured-news","slug":"featured-news","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"featured-news Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":4417,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/featured-news"},"science_4414":{"type":"terms","id":"science_4414","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"4414","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"featured-science","slug":"featured-science","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"featured-science Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":4414,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/featured-science"},"science_5183":{"type":"terms","id":"science_5183","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"5183","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"San Francisco","slug":"san-francisco","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"San Francisco Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":5183,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/san-francisco"},"science_5229":{"type":"terms","id":"science_5229","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"5229","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Climate","slug":"climate","taxonomy":"interest","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Climate Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":5229,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/interest/climate"},"science_5212":{"type":"terms","id":"science_5212","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"5212","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"News","slug":"news","taxonomy":"interest","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"News Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":5212,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/interest/news"},"science_5208":{"type":"terms","id":"science_5208","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"5208","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"San Francisco","slug":"san-francisco","taxonomy":"interest","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"San Francisco Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":5208,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/interest/san-francisco"},"science_3370":{"type":"terms","id":"science_3370","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"3370","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"featured","slug":"featured","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"featured Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3370,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/featured"},"science_813":{"type":"terms","id":"science_813","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"813","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"news","slug":"news-2","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"news Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":820,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/news-2"},"science_113":{"type":"terms","id":"science_113","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"113","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"wildfire","slug":"wildfire","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"wildfire Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":117,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/wildfire"},"science_31":{"type":"terms","id":"science_31","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"31","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Climate","slug":"climate","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Climate Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":33,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/climate"},"science_5193":{"type":"terms","id":"science_5193","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"5193","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Chevron","slug":"chevron","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Chevron Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":5193,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/chevron"},"science_3301":{"type":"terms","id":"science_3301","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"3301","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"fossil fuels","slug":"fossil-fuels","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"fossil fuels Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3301,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/fossil-fuels"},"science_89":{"type":"terms","id":"science_89","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"89","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Engineering","slug":"engineering","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Engineering Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":92,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/engineering"},"science_2873":{"type":"terms","id":"science_2873","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"2873","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Oceans","slug":"oceans","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Oceans Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2873,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/oceans"},"science_1461":{"type":"terms","id":"science_1461","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"1461","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"climate change adaptation","slug":"climate-change-adaptation","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"climate change adaptation Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1470,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/climate-change-adaptation"},"science_2114":{"type":"terms","id":"science_2114","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"2114","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"flooding","slug":"flooding","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"flooding Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2125,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/flooding"},"science_206":{"type":"terms","id":"science_206","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"206","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"sea level rise","slug":"sea-level-rise","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"sea level rise Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":210,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/sea-level-rise"},"science_2874":{"type":"terms","id":"science_2874","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"2874","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Animals","slug":"animals","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Animals Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2874,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/animals"},"science_30":{"type":"terms","id":"science_30","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"30","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Biology","slug":"biology","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Biology Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":32,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/biology"},"science_1413":{"type":"terms","id":"science_1413","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"1413","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"algae bloom","slug":"algae-bloom","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"algae bloom Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1422,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/algae-bloom"},"science_1396":{"type":"terms","id":"science_1396","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"1396","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"marine mammals","slug":"marine-mammals","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"marine mammals Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1405,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/marine-mammals"},"science_3243":{"type":"terms","id":"science_3243","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"3243","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"toxic algae","slug":"toxic-algae","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"toxic algae Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3243,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/toxic-algae"},"science_2625":{"type":"terms","id":"science_2625","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"2625","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"PBS and the BBC present 'Big Blue Live'","slug":"big-blue-live","taxonomy":"series","description":"[caption id=\"attachment_149123\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"800\"] (Craig Miller/KQED)[/caption]\r\n\r\nFrom breaching humpback whales to fuzzy sea otters, great white sharks, kelp forests and an underwater canyon deeper than the Grand Canyon, Monterey Bay is one of the world's most amazing ocean destinations. In an unprecedented collaboration, PBS and the BBC presented \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/big-blue-live/home/\">Big Blue Live\u003c/a>,\" a three-night live broadcast that aired on KQED 9 at 8 pm Aug. 31 to Sept. 2, 2015 and featured the majestic marine life of Monterey Bay. \r\n\r\nAnchored from open-air studios at the Monterey Bay Aquarium and aboard research ships on the bay, scientists, filmmakers and other experts came together to document the extraordinary rejuvenation of the once-endangered and now thriving ecosystem of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary for viewers in the United States and Europe. Over the past decade, KQED has told many of the stories of this remarkable area on television, radio and the web.\r\n\r\nAlthough the Big Blue Live event is now over, you can \u003ca href=\"http://video.kqed.org/program/big-blue-live/\">watch all 3 episodes online through the entire month of September\u003c/a>:\r\n\r\nFeatured Stories","featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"PBS and the BBC present 'Big Blue Live' Archives | KQED Science","description":"[caption id=\"attachment_149123\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"800\"] (Craig Miller/KQED)[/caption] From breaching humpback whales to fuzzy sea otters, great white sharks, kelp forests and an underwater canyon deeper than the Grand Canyon, Monterey Bay is one of the world's most amazing ocean destinations. In an unprecedented collaboration, PBS and the BBC presented \"Big Blue Live,\" a three-night live broadcast that aired on KQED 9 at 8 pm Aug. 31 to Sept. 2, 2015 and featured the majestic marine life of Monterey Bay. Anchored from open-air studios at the Monterey Bay Aquarium and aboard research ships on the bay, scientists, filmmakers and other experts came together to document the extraordinary rejuvenation of the once-endangered and now thriving ecosystem of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary for viewers in the United States and Europe. Over the past decade, KQED has told many of the stories of this remarkable area on television, radio and the web. Although the Big Blue Live event is now over, you can watch all 3 episodes online through the entire month of September: Featured Stories","ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2637,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/series/big-blue-live"},"science_2631":{"type":"terms","id":"science_2631","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"2631","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"BBL","slug":"bbl","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"BBL Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2643,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/bbl"},"science_35":{"type":"terms","id":"science_35","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"35","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Environment","slug":"environment","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Environment Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":37,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/environment"},"science_38":{"type":"terms","id":"science_38","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"38","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Geology","slug":"geology","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Geology Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":40,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/geology"},"science_98":{"type":"terms","id":"science_98","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"98","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Water","slug":"water","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Water Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":102,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/water"},"science_556":{"type":"terms","id":"science_556","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"556","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"global warming","slug":"global-warming","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"global warming Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":562,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/global-warming"},"science_572":{"type":"terms","id":"science_572","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"572","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"drought","slug":"drought","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"drought Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":578,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/drought"},"science_311":{"type":"terms","id":"science_311","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"311","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"native plants","slug":"native-plants","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"native plants Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":317,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/native-plants"},"science_2371":{"type":"terms","id":"science_2371","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"2371","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"wildflowers","slug":"wildflowers","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"wildflowers Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2383,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/wildflowers"},"science_1460":{"type":"terms","id":"science_1460","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"1460","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"ipcc","slug":"ipcc","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"ipcc Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1469,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/ipcc"},"science_100":{"type":"terms","id":"science_100","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"100","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","slug":"sacramento-san-joaquin-delta","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":104,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/sacramento-san-joaquin-delta"},"science_371":{"type":"terms","id":"science_371","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"371","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"el nino","slug":"el-nino","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"el nino Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":377,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/el-nino"},"science_1241":{"type":"terms","id":"science_1241","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"1241","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"king tides","slug":"king-tides","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"king tides Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1250,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/king-tides"}},"userAgentReducer":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)","isBot":true},"userPermissionsReducer":{"wpLoggedIn":false},"localStorageReducer":{},"browserHistoryReducer":[],"eventsReducer":{},"fssReducer":{},"tvDailyScheduleReducer":{},"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer":{},"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer":{},"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer":{},"userAccountReducer":{"routeTo":"","showDeleteConfirmModal":false,"user":{"userId":"","isFound":false,"firstName":"","lastName":"","phoneNumber":"","email":"","articles":[]}},"youthMediaReducer":{},"checkPleaseReducer":{"filterData":{},"restaurantData":[]},"reframeReducer":{"attendee":null},"location":{"pathname":"/science/tag/climate-change-impacts","previousPathname":"/"}}