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on a class of highly toxic chemicals. Known as PFAS, poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances, they are associated with a wide range of negative health effects, including cancer and birth defects. For years environmental groups have pushed the EPA to regulate the chemicals and were largely disappointed by today’s announcement, saying the EPA is moving too slowly. Congressional democrats and state officials also criticized the agency’s move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a non-action plan, designed to delay effective regulation of these dangerous chemicals in our drinking water,” said Wenonah Hauter, executive director of Food & Water Watch, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erik Olson, senior director for Health and Food at the Natural Resources Defense Council likewise expressed frustration:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Has the Trump administration so thoroughly purged EPA of scientists, and so completely stacked its management with industry lobbyists, that it can’t even decide whether to lift a finger to regulate widely-known toxic chemicals? While the agency fumbles with this ‘mis-management plan,’ millions of people will be exposed to highly toxic PFAS from drinking contaminated water. As a guardian of public health, Administrator Andrew Wheeler should revisit this embarrassing decision. With EPA asleep at the wheel, it’s up to states, citizens, and public-minded companies to take action.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post: \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politicians and environmentalists are ratcheting up the pressure on the Environmental Protection Agency to take the first step in regulating drinking water contaminated with a toxic, long-lasting family of chemicals called PFAS or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. The agency has not yet announced what steps it will take. A plan that was supposed to be released by late last year has been held up for months, with no official timeline of when the action plan will be announced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The EPA is trying to walk away from its responsibilities,” Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsday.com/long-island/pfos-poas-schumer-1.26904883\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told Newsday\u003c/a>. “To take a carcinogenic chemical like PFOS and PFOA and say we are not going to pay attention to that when we have learned that it is in many more locations than you would think … makes no sense whatsoever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, California says it will soon announce its own plan to deal with PFAS in drinking water, a step environmental advocates have long pushed for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PFAS chemicals are found in a diverse array of products: from non-stick pans and waterproof ski-gloves, to firefighting foams and food packaging. The chemicals have gone largely unregulated, at both the state and federal level, since they were first produced in the 1940s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The corporate giant \u003ca href=\"https://www.3m.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3M\u003c/a> originally produced and sold two of the most well-known PFAS chemicals — PFOS and PFOA— both of which the EPA is considering regulating. In recent years 3M has been been hit with a slew of \u003ca href=\"https://theintercept.com/2018/10/06/dupont-pfas-chemicals-lawsuit/\">lawsuits\u003c/a> over PFAS contamination. That’s brought attention to the health impacts and environmental dangers linked to the chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though major companies, like 3M, have stopped producing PFOA and PFOS in the US, those are just two of thousands of chemicals in the PFAS class that have the same toxic properties, says Amy Kyle, a retired UC Berkeley Public Health researcher and professor. “They’re not even the tip of the tip of the tip of the iceberg for what’s out there,” says Kyle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Much is Too Much?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The level at which PFAS chemicals become harmful to human health is still largely unknown. Regulatory agencies can’t seem to agree, either. The EPA\u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/drinking-water-health-advisories-pfoa-and-pfos\"> lists\u003c/a> a drinking water health advisory level at 70 parts per trillion for PFOA and PFAS, while another federal agency\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry \u003ca href=\"https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp.asp?id=1117&tid=237\">reports\u003c/a> a safe limit for PFAS in drinking water at 11 ppt and 7 ppt, respectively. In a independent study, Harvard scientists report that \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1048291115590506\">1 ppt\u003c/a> is a low health risk level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With chemicals like this, there may not be a truly safe amount,” Kyle says. “They seem to react with various systems in the body.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PFAS contaminants have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/pfas/health-effects.html\">linked\u003c/a> to cancer, birth defects, developmental disorders, decreased immunity, increased cholesterol and infertility. The National Institute of Health found PFAS compounds in the blood of over 98 percent of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/pdf/FourthReport_UpdatedTables_Volume1_Jan2019-508.pdf\">population\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear if replacement chemicals used in lieu of PFOS and PFOA are any less harmful, either. Many of these compounds are still within the PFAS family, which is thousands of members strong, and their health effects have been sparsely studied. And the list of products and waterways the toxic family is found in \u003ca href=\"https://cen.acs.org/environment/World-Chemical-Outlook-2019-Environmental-forecast/97/i2\">continues to grow.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Chemicals That Keep Going, And Going\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The flame-resistant, grease-repellent and waterproof properties of PFAS chemicals that make them attractive to manufacturers are also what make the chemicals so persistent in the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toxic specialist Anna Reade with\u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/experts/anna-reade\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/a> says those characteristics are due to PFAS chemicals’ structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The defining feature of PFAS chemicals are carbon fluorine bonds, which are incredibly strong, so they don’t degrade in our environment,” says Reade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These same properties are why companies continue to use PFAS chemicals to coat carpets and clothes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unrelenting contaminants are also soluble, spreading easily into rivers, oceans and groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Chemicals that are super persistent, are not usually this soluble,” says Jane Williams executive director of California Communities Against Toxics. “It’s a confluence of these two chemical characteristics that make this class of chemicals so dangerous for public health and the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PFAS contamination is especially persistent at airports and military bases, where fire fighting foams have been and continued to be used, frequently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, the chemicals have been found at Treasure Island and Alameda Naval Bases. EPA also detected PFAS compounds in tap water in\u003ca href=\"https://www.ewg.org/interactive-maps/2017_pfa/\"> Pleasanton\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Alameda Naval Base, the Environmental Working Group \u003ca href=\"https://www.ewg.org/interactive-maps/2017_pfa/\">reports\u003c/a> PFAS chemicals present in water at 336,000 parts per trillion. That’s over 30,000 times greater than the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry’s safety threshold for PFAS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1937851\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1937851\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/4424451964_c612f5e3ce_b-1020x676.jpg\" alt=\"A lot with a row of white buildings.\" width=\"640\" height=\"424\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/4424451964_c612f5e3ce_b-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/4424451964_c612f5e3ce_b-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/4424451964_c612f5e3ce_b-800x530.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/4424451964_c612f5e3ce_b-768x509.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/4424451964_c612f5e3ce_b.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Persistent PFAS chemicals have been found at high concentrations at Alameda Naval Base. \u003ccite>(Flickr user \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/8838/4424451964/in/photolist-7JYtqy-9xgid4-6Vo4HE-aZRUrg-Th2xWo-D9Ypq2-CjSeXr-DhfR2T-oZVz-3yNb7Q-dn9eWq-3yNaqL-dn9d9j-sumz-nc2yAb-dn9efw-oZVC-bPJcji-bPDTUZ-c7aJjS-bAPxtN-bAPxjJ-bAPwKu-9g25Tm-bAKf6Q-9AXBH8-oZVB-9B1whh-9B1w1U-9B1uzd-6b3DqF-zzu8u-CHKQRr-CQ8QGu-DhfTHV-D9YrMM-D7FMFw-6b3AYe-CjK7v7-D7FMvG-CjShiZ-6b7Nsd-8MKFiY-6b7Ndw-8MKFCy-6b7MR9-6b3BBg-6b7NFC-6b7MAs-DeWvXj\">Abe Bingham\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Weighs Action\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, the State Water Resources Control Board asks water providers to voluntarily measure their supply for the chemicals. The state board says they will come out with a plan on how they might regulate PFAS chemicals in the state in next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the current system, districts that choose to monitor PFAS chemicals must report to the city and their customers if the supply is contaminated at levels exceeding a “notification level” — which is 13 ppt for PFOS and 14 ppt for PFOA. If their water supply exceeds a higher “response level” the water must be cleaned up, or cut off, Darren Polhemus says, deputy director of the Division of Drinking Water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if a drinking water standard is enacted by the federal EPA for PFOS and PFOA, environmentalists are concerned the standard still won’t protect human health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our state is going to have to define its own destiny when it comes to these chemicals,” Williams says. “Clearly relying on the US EPA to protect Californians to exposure from chemicals, has not worked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2019/01/28/epa-toxic-chemicals-drinking-water-1124797\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Politico has reported\u003c/a> the EPA is unlikely to enact the long-expected drinking water standards for PFAS (a report the agency has disputed). Meanwhile, Senator Chuck Schumer has \u003ca href=\"https://www.schumer.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/schumer-reveals-feds-on-verge-of-not-setting-drinking-water-standard-for-highly-toxic-pfoa/pfos-chemicals-that-have-plagued-li-schumer-makes-public-push-on-epa-to-reverse-course-and-issue-drinking-water-standard-to-protect-public-health-feds-must-be-held-to-account\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">publicly pressed\u003c/a> for standards to be enacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since monitoring of PFAS hasn’t been required in California, the picture of how widespread the contamination is in the state is just emerging. Since so far California has only tested for 14 of the thousands of possible PFAS chemicals in water, it’s unclear how long it will take to characterize the extent of these new legacy pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Danielle Venton contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Environmental groups say they're disappointed by EPA's timeline for drinking-water limits on a widespread group of toxic chemicals known as PFAS.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848855,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":37,"wordCount":1393},"headData":{"title":"EPA Will Consider Limits on Toxic Chemicals in Ski Gloves and Frying Pans Showing Up in Waterways | KQED","description":"Environmental groups say they're disappointed by EPA's timeline for drinking-water limits on a widespread group of toxic chemicals known as PFAS.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"EPA Will Consider Limits on Toxic Chemicals in Ski Gloves and Frying Pans Showing Up in Waterways","datePublished":"2019-02-09T14:01:32.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T01:07:35.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Environment","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2019/02/PFAS2way.mp3","sticky":false,"audioTrackLength":126,"path":"/science/1937767/chemical-found-ski-gloves-and-frying-pans-also-showing-up-in-us-waterways-epa-california-consider-regulation","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update: Feb. 14, 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Protection Agency said Thursday it would \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-acting-administrator-announces-first-ever-comprehensive-nationwide-pfas-action-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">start working by the end of the year on a plan\u003c/a> to set drinking water limits on a class of highly toxic chemicals. Known as PFAS, poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances, they are associated with a wide range of negative health effects, including cancer and birth defects. For years environmental groups have pushed the EPA to regulate the chemicals and were largely disappointed by today’s announcement, saying the EPA is moving too slowly. Congressional democrats and state officials also criticized the agency’s move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a non-action plan, designed to delay effective regulation of these dangerous chemicals in our drinking water,” said Wenonah Hauter, executive director of Food & Water Watch, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erik Olson, senior director for Health and Food at the Natural Resources Defense Council likewise expressed frustration:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Has the Trump administration so thoroughly purged EPA of scientists, and so completely stacked its management with industry lobbyists, that it can’t even decide whether to lift a finger to regulate widely-known toxic chemicals? While the agency fumbles with this ‘mis-management plan,’ millions of people will be exposed to highly toxic PFAS from drinking contaminated water. As a guardian of public health, Administrator Andrew Wheeler should revisit this embarrassing decision. With EPA asleep at the wheel, it’s up to states, citizens, and public-minded companies to take action.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post: \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politicians and environmentalists are ratcheting up the pressure on the Environmental Protection Agency to take the first step in regulating drinking water contaminated with a toxic, long-lasting family of chemicals called PFAS or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. The agency has not yet announced what steps it will take. A plan that was supposed to be released by late last year has been held up for months, with no official timeline of when the action plan will be announced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The EPA is trying to walk away from its responsibilities,” Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsday.com/long-island/pfos-poas-schumer-1.26904883\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told Newsday\u003c/a>. “To take a carcinogenic chemical like PFOS and PFOA and say we are not going to pay attention to that when we have learned that it is in many more locations than you would think … makes no sense whatsoever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, California says it will soon announce its own plan to deal with PFAS in drinking water, a step environmental advocates have long pushed for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PFAS chemicals are found in a diverse array of products: from non-stick pans and waterproof ski-gloves, to firefighting foams and food packaging. The chemicals have gone largely unregulated, at both the state and federal level, since they were first produced in the 1940s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The corporate giant \u003ca href=\"https://www.3m.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3M\u003c/a> originally produced and sold two of the most well-known PFAS chemicals — PFOS and PFOA— both of which the EPA is considering regulating. In recent years 3M has been been hit with a slew of \u003ca href=\"https://theintercept.com/2018/10/06/dupont-pfas-chemicals-lawsuit/\">lawsuits\u003c/a> over PFAS contamination. That’s brought attention to the health impacts and environmental dangers linked to the chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though major companies, like 3M, have stopped producing PFOA and PFOS in the US, those are just two of thousands of chemicals in the PFAS class that have the same toxic properties, says Amy Kyle, a retired UC Berkeley Public Health researcher and professor. “They’re not even the tip of the tip of the tip of the iceberg for what’s out there,” says Kyle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Much is Too Much?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The level at which PFAS chemicals become harmful to human health is still largely unknown. Regulatory agencies can’t seem to agree, either. The EPA\u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/drinking-water-health-advisories-pfoa-and-pfos\"> lists\u003c/a> a drinking water health advisory level at 70 parts per trillion for PFOA and PFAS, while another federal agency\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry \u003ca href=\"https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp.asp?id=1117&tid=237\">reports\u003c/a> a safe limit for PFAS in drinking water at 11 ppt and 7 ppt, respectively. In a independent study, Harvard scientists report that \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1048291115590506\">1 ppt\u003c/a> is a low health risk level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With chemicals like this, there may not be a truly safe amount,” Kyle says. “They seem to react with various systems in the body.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PFAS contaminants have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/pfas/health-effects.html\">linked\u003c/a> to cancer, birth defects, developmental disorders, decreased immunity, increased cholesterol and infertility. The National Institute of Health found PFAS compounds in the blood of over 98 percent of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/pdf/FourthReport_UpdatedTables_Volume1_Jan2019-508.pdf\">population\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear if replacement chemicals used in lieu of PFOS and PFOA are any less harmful, either. Many of these compounds are still within the PFAS family, which is thousands of members strong, and their health effects have been sparsely studied. And the list of products and waterways the toxic family is found in \u003ca href=\"https://cen.acs.org/environment/World-Chemical-Outlook-2019-Environmental-forecast/97/i2\">continues to grow.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Chemicals That Keep Going, And Going\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The flame-resistant, grease-repellent and waterproof properties of PFAS chemicals that make them attractive to manufacturers are also what make the chemicals so persistent in the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toxic specialist Anna Reade with\u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/experts/anna-reade\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/a> says those characteristics are due to PFAS chemicals’ structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The defining feature of PFAS chemicals are carbon fluorine bonds, which are incredibly strong, so they don’t degrade in our environment,” says Reade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These same properties are why companies continue to use PFAS chemicals to coat carpets and clothes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unrelenting contaminants are also soluble, spreading easily into rivers, oceans and groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Chemicals that are super persistent, are not usually this soluble,” says Jane Williams executive director of California Communities Against Toxics. “It’s a confluence of these two chemical characteristics that make this class of chemicals so dangerous for public health and the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PFAS contamination is especially persistent at airports and military bases, where fire fighting foams have been and continued to be used, frequently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, the chemicals have been found at Treasure Island and Alameda Naval Bases. EPA also detected PFAS compounds in tap water in\u003ca href=\"https://www.ewg.org/interactive-maps/2017_pfa/\"> Pleasanton\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Alameda Naval Base, the Environmental Working Group \u003ca href=\"https://www.ewg.org/interactive-maps/2017_pfa/\">reports\u003c/a> PFAS chemicals present in water at 336,000 parts per trillion. That’s over 30,000 times greater than the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry’s safety threshold for PFAS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1937851\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1937851\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/4424451964_c612f5e3ce_b-1020x676.jpg\" alt=\"A lot with a row of white buildings.\" width=\"640\" height=\"424\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/4424451964_c612f5e3ce_b-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/4424451964_c612f5e3ce_b-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/4424451964_c612f5e3ce_b-800x530.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/4424451964_c612f5e3ce_b-768x509.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/4424451964_c612f5e3ce_b.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Persistent PFAS chemicals have been found at high concentrations at Alameda Naval Base. \u003ccite>(Flickr user \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/8838/4424451964/in/photolist-7JYtqy-9xgid4-6Vo4HE-aZRUrg-Th2xWo-D9Ypq2-CjSeXr-DhfR2T-oZVz-3yNb7Q-dn9eWq-3yNaqL-dn9d9j-sumz-nc2yAb-dn9efw-oZVC-bPJcji-bPDTUZ-c7aJjS-bAPxtN-bAPxjJ-bAPwKu-9g25Tm-bAKf6Q-9AXBH8-oZVB-9B1whh-9B1w1U-9B1uzd-6b3DqF-zzu8u-CHKQRr-CQ8QGu-DhfTHV-D9YrMM-D7FMFw-6b3AYe-CjK7v7-D7FMvG-CjShiZ-6b7Nsd-8MKFiY-6b7Ndw-8MKFCy-6b7MR9-6b3BBg-6b7NFC-6b7MAs-DeWvXj\">Abe Bingham\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Weighs Action\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, the State Water Resources Control Board asks water providers to voluntarily measure their supply for the chemicals. The state board says they will come out with a plan on how they might regulate PFAS chemicals in the state in next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the current system, districts that choose to monitor PFAS chemicals must report to the city and their customers if the supply is contaminated at levels exceeding a “notification level” — which is 13 ppt for PFOS and 14 ppt for PFOA. If their water supply exceeds a higher “response level” the water must be cleaned up, or cut off, Darren Polhemus says, deputy director of the Division of Drinking Water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if a drinking water standard is enacted by the federal EPA for PFOS and PFOA, environmentalists are concerned the standard still won’t protect human health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our state is going to have to define its own destiny when it comes to these chemicals,” Williams says. “Clearly relying on the US EPA to protect Californians to exposure from chemicals, has not worked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2019/01/28/epa-toxic-chemicals-drinking-water-1124797\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Politico has reported\u003c/a> the EPA is unlikely to enact the long-expected drinking water standards for PFAS (a report the agency has disputed). Meanwhile, Senator Chuck Schumer has \u003ca href=\"https://www.schumer.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/schumer-reveals-feds-on-verge-of-not-setting-drinking-water-standard-for-highly-toxic-pfoa/pfos-chemicals-that-have-plagued-li-schumer-makes-public-push-on-epa-to-reverse-course-and-issue-drinking-water-standard-to-protect-public-health-feds-must-be-held-to-account\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">publicly pressed\u003c/a> for standards to be enacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since monitoring of PFAS hasn’t been required in California, the picture of how widespread the contamination is in the state is just emerging. Since so far California has only tested for 14 of the thousands of possible PFAS chemicals in water, it’s unclear how long it will take to characterize the extent of these new legacy pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Danielle Venton contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1937767/chemical-found-ski-gloves-and-frying-pans-also-showing-up-in-us-waterways-epa-california-consider-regulation","authors":["11578"],"categories":["science_29","science_40"],"tags":["science_798","science_3840","science_2080","science_3370","science_3834","science_778"],"featImg":"science_1937810","label":"source_science_1937767"},"science_1932677":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1932677","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1932677","score":null,"sort":[1539377485000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"female-geniuses-gets-intimate-portrait-in-bay-area-play","title":"Female Geniuses Gets Intimate Portrait in Bay Area Play","publishDate":1539377485,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Female Geniuses Gets Intimate Portrait in Bay Area Play | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=siJk7O-bSRQ\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until this year, when two women won Nobel Prizes in science, only 17 women in the field had ever won the prestigious award. Since their inception, men have won nearly 98 percent of science Nobel Prizes. The striking disparity invites a lot of commentary, and now art.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new play, called “No Belles” \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/no-belles-oct-13-tickets-48522343636\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has arrived in\u003c/a> the Bay Area, to illuminate the identities and stories of some of those female Nobel Prize winners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story opens with an inquiry: Why is Marie Curie the only female scientist of note that people recognize? This evolves into researching the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/444697/nobel-prizes-grapple-with-widespread-gender-disparity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stark, unflattering statistics\u003c/a> mentioned above.[contextly_sidebar id=”46K8WV9zCrNuiX4oBBpwPYXanjGDmrOs”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Created by Portal Theater in Portland, No Belles focuses on three women — Rosalyn Yalow, Rita Levi-Montalcini, and Rosalind Franklin, while also telling the stories of other winners in short form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1977/yalow/auto-biography/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rosalyn Yalow\u003c/a> won the 1977 Nobel in Medicine & Physiology, and was the first American-born woman to win in that category. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/search/?s=Rita+Levi-Montalcini+\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rita Levi-Montalcini\u003c/a> was an Italian Nobel Prize winner for her work in neurobiology. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen/franklin.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rosalind Franklin\u003c/a>, meanwhile, was from the United Kingdom, and made contributions to the discovery of the structure of DNA and RNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932679\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1932679\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Medicine Nobel Prize Winner Rita Levi-Montalcini honored with the Legion D’Honneur Medal receives compliments from the French Ambassador Jean-Marc De La Sabliere (R) and the President of the French Academy in Rome Frederic Mitterrand (L) at the Villa Medici on December 5, 2008 in Rome, Italy. \u003ccite>(Franco Origlia/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Previous well-known plays celebrating male scientists have included Michael Frayn’s\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpgDILDlGvc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Copenhagen\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/tom-stoppards-arcadia-at-twenty\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tom Stoppard’s Arcadia\u003c/a>. But just as with the Nobel Prize, female scientists have been shortchanged when it comes to artistic depictions of scientific accomplishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No Belles seeks to honor their stories with an intimate look into their genius.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No Belles will be \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/no-belles-oct-13-tickets-48522343636\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">performing in San Rafael\u003c/a> on Saturday, October 13 at Mills College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new play in Oakland highlights the lives of three under-recognized female scientists and Nobel Prize winners.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927404,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":333},"headData":{"title":"Female Geniuses Gets Intimate Portrait in Bay Area Play | KQED","description":"A new play in Oakland highlights the lives of three under-recognized female scientists and Nobel Prize winners.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Female Geniuses Gets Intimate Portrait in Bay Area Play","datePublished":"2018-10-12T20:51:25.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T22:56:44.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Events","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1932677/female-geniuses-gets-intimate-portrait-in-bay-area-play","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/siJk7O-bSRQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/siJk7O-bSRQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Until this year, when two women won Nobel Prizes in science, only 17 women in the field had ever won the prestigious award. Since their inception, men have won nearly 98 percent of science Nobel Prizes. The striking disparity invites a lot of commentary, and now art.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new play, called “No Belles” \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/no-belles-oct-13-tickets-48522343636\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has arrived in\u003c/a> the Bay Area, to illuminate the identities and stories of some of those female Nobel Prize winners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story opens with an inquiry: Why is Marie Curie the only female scientist of note that people recognize? This evolves into researching the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/444697/nobel-prizes-grapple-with-widespread-gender-disparity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stark, unflattering statistics\u003c/a> mentioned above.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Created by Portal Theater in Portland, No Belles focuses on three women — Rosalyn Yalow, Rita Levi-Montalcini, and Rosalind Franklin, while also telling the stories of other winners in short form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1977/yalow/auto-biography/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rosalyn Yalow\u003c/a> won the 1977 Nobel in Medicine & Physiology, and was the first American-born woman to win in that category. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/search/?s=Rita+Levi-Montalcini+\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rita Levi-Montalcini\u003c/a> was an Italian Nobel Prize winner for her work in neurobiology. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen/franklin.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rosalind Franklin\u003c/a>, meanwhile, was from the United Kingdom, and made contributions to the discovery of the structure of DNA and RNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932679\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1932679\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Medicine Nobel Prize Winner Rita Levi-Montalcini honored with the Legion D’Honneur Medal receives compliments from the French Ambassador Jean-Marc De La Sabliere (R) and the President of the French Academy in Rome Frederic Mitterrand (L) at the Villa Medici on December 5, 2008 in Rome, Italy. \u003ccite>(Franco Origlia/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Previous well-known plays celebrating male scientists have included Michael Frayn’s\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpgDILDlGvc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Copenhagen\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/tom-stoppards-arcadia-at-twenty\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tom Stoppard’s Arcadia\u003c/a>. But just as with the Nobel Prize, female scientists have been shortchanged when it comes to artistic depictions of scientific accomplishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No Belles seeks to honor their stories with an intimate look into their genius.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No Belles will be \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/no-belles-oct-13-tickets-48522343636\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">performing in San Rafael\u003c/a> on Saturday, October 13 at Mills College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1932677/female-geniuses-gets-intimate-portrait-in-bay-area-play","authors":["11428"],"categories":["science_29","science_31","science_35","science_40","science_42"],"tags":["science_798","science_672","science_309"],"featImg":"science_1932679","label":"source_science_1932677"},"science_1932344":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1932344","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1932344","score":null,"sort":[1538755200000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"here-are-the-winners-of-the-2018-macarthur-genius-grants","title":"Here Are The Winners Of The 2018 MacArthur 'Genius' Grants","publishDate":1538755200,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Here Are The Winners Of The 2018 MacArthur ‘Genius’ Grants | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>What could possibly bring together a painter, an economist, a pastor and a planetary scientist? If you ask the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, \u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/programs/fellows/strategy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the answer\u003c/a> is simpler than you may think: They’ve all shown creativity, potential for future achievements — and the likelihood that $625,000, meted out over five years, will help them complete their grand designs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, those criteria fit all 25 winners of this year’s MacArthur Fellowship, better known by its affectionate nickname, the “genius” grant. Their pursuits span a range nearly as wide as the world itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That spectrum includes \u003ca href=\"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1962790\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mapping legal aid\u003c/a> across the country for the benefit of low-income populations, \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/series/the-new-power-brokers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">uncovering abuse\u003c/a> in West Virginia’s coal industry, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/135703690\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">coming up with\u003c/a> radical fictions and \u003ca href=\"https://kapharstudio.com/the-vesper-project/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bringing down\u003c/a> pernicious artistic tropes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, with a rather sizable infusion of cash that has no strings attached, it includes some even loftier aspirations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have promised myself that I will do something new and different with it. It could be both related to my research or something completely different,” Sarah T. Stewart, who won a grant for her work exploring how planets collide, tells NPR’s \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em>. “Right now, I’d like to be as creative with it as the creativity that inspired the award.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that inspiration goes both ways, according to Cecilia Conrad, the MacArthur program’s managing director. In \u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/programs/fellows/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a statement Thursday\u003c/a>, she concisely laid out one major reason why they’ve been picked for the grant: “Their exceptional creativity inspires hope in us all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scroll down to find the full list of winners — along with NPR’s previous coverage, where available, and the MacArthur Foundation’s reasons why they were selected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(Note: The foundation is among NPR’s financial supporters.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1003/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Matthew Aucoin\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 28, composer and conductor\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Expanding the potential of vocal and orchestral music to convey emotional, dramatic, and literary meaning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1004/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Julie Ault\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 60, artist and curator\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Redefining the role of the artwork and the artist by melding artistic, curatorial, archival, editorial, and activist practices into a new form of cultural production.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1005/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>William J. Barber II\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 55, pastor and social justice advocate\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Building broad-based fusion coalitions as part of a moral movement to confront racial and economic inequality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1006/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Clifford Brangwynne\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 40, biophysical engineer\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Using the principles of soft matter physics and cell biology to illuminate novel mechanisms of cellular compartmentalization that drive biological development.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1007/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Natalie Diaz\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 40, poet\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Drawing on her experience as a Mojave American and Latina to challenge the mythological and cultural touchstones underlying American society.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1008/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Livia S. Eberlin\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 32, analytical chemist\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Developing mass spectrometry-based methods to differentiate more quickly and accurately diseased from healthy tissues during surgery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1009/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Deborah Estrin\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 58, computer scientist\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Designing open-source platforms that leverage mobile devices and data to address socio-technological challenges such as personal health management.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1010/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Amy Finkelstein\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 44, health economist\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Formulating robust empirical methods to illuminate the hidden complexities of health care policy and provide data-driven guidance for future innovations in theory and practice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1011/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Gregg Gonsalves\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 54, epidemiologist and global health advocate\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Working at the intersection of human rights and public health research and practice to address inequities in global health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1012/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Vijay Gupta\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 31, violinist and social justice advocate\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Providing musical enrichment and valuable human connection to the homeless, incarcerated, and other under-resourced communities in Los Angeles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1013/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Becca Heller\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 36, human rights lawyer\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Mobilizing the resources of law schools and law firms to defend the rights of refugees and improve protection outcomes for many of the world’s most at-risk populations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1014/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Raj Jayadev\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 43, community organizer\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Creating a model of grassroots collective action that enables individuals facing incarceration, their families, and their communities to play an active role in their defense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1015/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Titus Kaphar\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 42, painter\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Highlighting the lack of representation of people of color in the canon of Western art with works that deconstruct the literal and visual structure of the artwork.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1016/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>John Keene\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 53, writer\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Exploring the impact of historical narratives on contemporary lives and re-imagining the history of the Americas from the perspective of suppressed voices.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1017/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Kelly Link\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 49, fiction writer\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Pushing the boundaries of literary fiction in works that combine the surreal and fantastical with the concerns and emotional realism of contemporary life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1018/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Dominique Morisseau\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 40, playwright\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Examining the intersection of choice and circumstance in works that portray individuals and communities grappling with economic and social changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1019/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Okwui Okpokwasili\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 46, choreographer and performer\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Making visible the interior lives of women whose stories of resistance and resilience have been left out of dominant cultural narratives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1020/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Kristina Olson\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 37, psychologist\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Advancing the scientific understanding of gender and shedding light on the social and cognitive development of transgender and gender-nonconforming youth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1021/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Lisa Parks\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 51, media scholar\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Exploring the global reach of information technology infrastructures and the cultural, political, and humanitarian implications of the flow of information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1022/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Rebecca Sandefur\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 47, sociologist and legal scholar\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Promoting a new, evidence-based approach to increasing access to civil justice for low-income communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1023/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Allan Sly\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 36, mathematician\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Applying probability theory to resolve long-standing problems in statistical physics and computer science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1024/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Sarah T. Stewart\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 45, planetary scientist\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Advancing new theories of how celestial collisions give birth to planets and their natural satellites, such as the Earth and Moon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1025/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Wu Tsang\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 36, filmmaker and performance artist\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Creating new conceptual and visual vocabularies for exploring hidden histories and marginalized narratives in works that collapse the boundaries between documentary and fiction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1026/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Doris Tsao\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 42, neuroscientist\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Uncovering the fundamental neural principles that underlie one of the primate brain’s most astonishing capabilities: perception of the visual world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1027/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Ken Ward Jr\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>., 50, investigative journalist\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Revealing the human and environmental toll of natural resource extraction in West Virginia and spurring greater accountability among public and private stakeholders.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Here+Are+The+Winners+Of+The+2018+MacArthur+%27Genius%27+Grants&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"From engineering to economics, from painting to planetary science, the range of this year's class is vast. But the MacArthur Foundation expects them all to do big things with their newfound $625,000.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927422,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":36,"wordCount":1043},"headData":{"title":"Here Are The Winners Of The 2018 MacArthur 'Genius' Grants | KQED","description":"From engineering to economics, from painting to planetary science, the range of this year's class is vast. But the MacArthur Foundation expects them all to do big things with their newfound $625,000.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Here Are The Winners Of The 2018 MacArthur 'Genius' Grants","datePublished":"2018-10-05T16:00:00.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T22:57:02.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Events","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Colin Dwyer, NPR","nprImageAgency":"John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation","nprStoryId":"653619703","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=653619703&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/04/653619703/here-are-the-winners-of-the-2018-macarthur-genius-grants?ft=nprml&f=653619703","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 04 Oct 2018 15:57:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 04 Oct 2018 12:01:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 04 Oct 2018 15:57:54 -0400","path":"/science/1932344/here-are-the-winners-of-the-2018-macarthur-genius-grants","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>What could possibly bring together a painter, an economist, a pastor and a planetary scientist? If you ask the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, \u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/programs/fellows/strategy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the answer\u003c/a> is simpler than you may think: They’ve all shown creativity, potential for future achievements — and the likelihood that $625,000, meted out over five years, will help them complete their grand designs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, those criteria fit all 25 winners of this year’s MacArthur Fellowship, better known by its affectionate nickname, the “genius” grant. Their pursuits span a range nearly as wide as the world itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That spectrum includes \u003ca href=\"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1962790\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mapping legal aid\u003c/a> across the country for the benefit of low-income populations, \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/series/the-new-power-brokers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">uncovering abuse\u003c/a> in West Virginia’s coal industry, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/135703690\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">coming up with\u003c/a> radical fictions and \u003ca href=\"https://kapharstudio.com/the-vesper-project/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bringing down\u003c/a> pernicious artistic tropes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, with a rather sizable infusion of cash that has no strings attached, it includes some even loftier aspirations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have promised myself that I will do something new and different with it. It could be both related to my research or something completely different,” Sarah T. Stewart, who won a grant for her work exploring how planets collide, tells NPR’s \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em>. “Right now, I’d like to be as creative with it as the creativity that inspired the award.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that inspiration goes both ways, according to Cecilia Conrad, the MacArthur program’s managing director. In \u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/programs/fellows/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a statement Thursday\u003c/a>, she concisely laid out one major reason why they’ve been picked for the grant: “Their exceptional creativity inspires hope in us all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scroll down to find the full list of winners — along with NPR’s previous coverage, where available, and the MacArthur Foundation’s reasons why they were selected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(Note: The foundation is among NPR’s financial supporters.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1003/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Matthew Aucoin\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 28, composer and conductor\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Expanding the potential of vocal and orchestral music to convey emotional, dramatic, and literary meaning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1004/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Julie Ault\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 60, artist and curator\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Redefining the role of the artwork and the artist by melding artistic, curatorial, archival, editorial, and activist practices into a new form of cultural production.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1005/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>William J. Barber II\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 55, pastor and social justice advocate\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Building broad-based fusion coalitions as part of a moral movement to confront racial and economic inequality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1006/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Clifford Brangwynne\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 40, biophysical engineer\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Using the principles of soft matter physics and cell biology to illuminate novel mechanisms of cellular compartmentalization that drive biological development.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1007/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Natalie Diaz\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 40, poet\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Drawing on her experience as a Mojave American and Latina to challenge the mythological and cultural touchstones underlying American society.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1008/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Livia S. Eberlin\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 32, analytical chemist\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Developing mass spectrometry-based methods to differentiate more quickly and accurately diseased from healthy tissues during surgery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1009/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Deborah Estrin\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 58, computer scientist\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Designing open-source platforms that leverage mobile devices and data to address socio-technological challenges such as personal health management.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1010/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Amy Finkelstein\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 44, health economist\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Formulating robust empirical methods to illuminate the hidden complexities of health care policy and provide data-driven guidance for future innovations in theory and practice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1011/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Gregg Gonsalves\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 54, epidemiologist and global health advocate\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Working at the intersection of human rights and public health research and practice to address inequities in global health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1012/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Vijay Gupta\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 31, violinist and social justice advocate\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Providing musical enrichment and valuable human connection to the homeless, incarcerated, and other under-resourced communities in Los Angeles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1013/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Becca Heller\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 36, human rights lawyer\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Mobilizing the resources of law schools and law firms to defend the rights of refugees and improve protection outcomes for many of the world’s most at-risk populations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1014/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Raj Jayadev\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 43, community organizer\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Creating a model of grassroots collective action that enables individuals facing incarceration, their families, and their communities to play an active role in their defense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1015/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Titus Kaphar\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 42, painter\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Highlighting the lack of representation of people of color in the canon of Western art with works that deconstruct the literal and visual structure of the artwork.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1016/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>John Keene\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 53, writer\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Exploring the impact of historical narratives on contemporary lives and re-imagining the history of the Americas from the perspective of suppressed voices.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1017/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Kelly Link\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 49, fiction writer\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Pushing the boundaries of literary fiction in works that combine the surreal and fantastical with the concerns and emotional realism of contemporary life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1018/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Dominique Morisseau\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 40, playwright\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Examining the intersection of choice and circumstance in works that portray individuals and communities grappling with economic and social changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1019/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Okwui Okpokwasili\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 46, choreographer and performer\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Making visible the interior lives of women whose stories of resistance and resilience have been left out of dominant cultural narratives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1020/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Kristina Olson\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 37, psychologist\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Advancing the scientific understanding of gender and shedding light on the social and cognitive development of transgender and gender-nonconforming youth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1021/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Lisa Parks\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 51, media scholar\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Exploring the global reach of information technology infrastructures and the cultural, political, and humanitarian implications of the flow of information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1022/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Rebecca Sandefur\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 47, sociologist and legal scholar\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Promoting a new, evidence-based approach to increasing access to civil justice for low-income communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1023/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Allan Sly\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 36, mathematician\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Applying probability theory to resolve long-standing problems in statistical physics and computer science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1024/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Sarah T. Stewart\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 45, planetary scientist\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Advancing new theories of how celestial collisions give birth to planets and their natural satellites, such as the Earth and Moon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1025/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Wu Tsang\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 36, filmmaker and performance artist\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Creating new conceptual and visual vocabularies for exploring hidden histories and marginalized narratives in works that collapse the boundaries between documentary and fiction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1026/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Doris Tsao\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, 42, neuroscientist\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Uncovering the fundamental neural principles that underlie one of the primate brain’s most astonishing capabilities: perception of the visual world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1027/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Ken Ward Jr\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>., 50, investigative journalist\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Revealing the human and environmental toll of natural resource extraction in West Virginia and spurring greater accountability among public and private stakeholders.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Here+Are+The+Winners+Of+The+2018+MacArthur+%27Genius%27+Grants&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1932344/here-are-the-winners-of-the-2018-macarthur-genius-grants","authors":["byline_science_1932344"],"categories":["science_32","science_37","science_40"],"tags":["science_798","science_309"],"featImg":"science_1932345","label":"source_science_1932344"},"science_1932219":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1932219","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1932219","score":null,"sort":[1538563833000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"two-americans-including-caltech-professor-win-nobel-prize-in-chemistry","title":"Three Scientists, Including Caltech Professor, Win Nobel Prize in Chemistry","publishDate":1538563833,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Three Scientists, Including Caltech Professor, Win Nobel Prize in Chemistry | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->Three researchers who “harnessed the power of evolution” to produce enzymes and antibodies that have led to a new best-selling drug and biofuels won the Nobel Prize in chemistry on Wednesday.[contextly_sidebar id=”7AwUAjsFlkcpSwxnmCZsoirAXyWvj1rJ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frances Arnold of the California Institute of Technology was awarded half of the 9-million-kronor ($1.01 million) prize, while the other half will be shared by George Smith of the University of Missouri and Gregory Winter of the MRC molecular biology lab in Cambridge, England.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, which chose the winners, said Arnold, 62, conducted the first directed evolution of enzymes, whose uses include “more environmentally friendly manufacturing of chemical substances such as pharmaceuticals and the production of renewable fuels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arnold is only the fifth woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize in chemistry since the prizes were first handed out in 1901.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Hartings, an associate professor of chemistry at American University in Washington, D.C., said “her work is incredible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hartings said the proteins that Arnold designed “do these really off-the-wall chemical things in record time.” He said her directed evolution approach has greatly helped chemists make enzymes do jobs that nature never intended, such as for industrial purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith, 77, developed a method to evolve new proteins and Winter used the method to evolve antibodies, which are disease-fighting proteins in the blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932229\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1932229\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-1020x628.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"394\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-1020x628.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-160x98.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-800x492.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-768x472.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-1200x738.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-1920x1181.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-1180x726.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-960x591.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-240x148.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-375x231.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-520x320.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" />\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A screen displays portraits of Frances H Arnold of the United States, George P Smith of the United States and Gregory P Winter of Great Britain during the announcement of the winners of the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemestry at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on October 3, 2018 in Stockholm. \u003ccite>(JONAS EKSTROMER/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first pharmaceutical based on Winter’s work was approved for use in 2002 and is employed to treat rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel diseases, the academy said. The chemical name of the drug is adalimumab, which has several trade named including Humira, one of the top-selling drugs in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith, speaking to The Associated Press after learning about this Nobel win, credited others for the work that led to his breakthrough.[contextly_sidebar id=”KmtHliyUDLrZHfCifzEXaVnWfYsObxyv”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Very few research breakthroughs are novel. Virtually all of them build on what went on before. It’s happenstance. That was certainly the case with my work,” he said Wednesday. “Mine was an idea in a line of research that built very naturally on the lines of research that went before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith said he learned of the prize in a pre-dawn phone call from Stockholm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a standard joke that someone with a Swedish accent calls and says ‘You won!’ But there was so much static on the line, I knew it wasn’t any of my friends,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>American Chemical Society president Peter Dorhout praised the Nobel winners, saying “the laureates have used chemistry to accelerate the evolution of natural biological molecules that act as the critical machinery for living organisms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The breakthroughs from these researchers enable that to occur thousands of times faster than nature to improve medicines, fuels and other products,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts said the developments for which the winners won the 2018 prize can be more ecological than many other chemical processes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enzymes “are what all we organisms use to make our chemicals. So if you can harness enzymes for your own purposes, this is often more environmentally friendly than using heavy metals or toxic substances to make your chemicals,” said Johan Aqvist, a member of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry.[contextly_sidebar id=”jTHAtk63E2HMPWhViD2oa4bQ2VpuPFqJ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other Nobel prizes this year, the medicine prize went Monday to James Allison of the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center and Tasuku Honjo of Kyoto University, who learned how to release the brakes that cancer can put on the immune system, discoveries that helped cancer doctors fight many advanced-stage tumors and save an “untold” numbers of lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists from the United States, Canada and France shared the physics prize Tuesday for revolutionizing the use of lasers in research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arthur Ashkin became the oldest Nobel Prize laureate at 96, while Donna Strickland of the University of Waterloo in Canada became only the third woman to win a physics Nobel. Strickland had worked with the third winner, Frenchman Gerard Mourou of the Ecole Polytechnique and the University of Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The winner of the Nobel Peace Prize is to be announced Friday. The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, honoring Alfred Nobel, the man who endowed the five Nobel Prizes, will be revealed on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No Nobel literature prize will be awarded this year due to a sex abuse scandal at the Swedish Academy, which chooses the winner. The academy plans to announce both the 2018 and the 2019 winner next year — although the head of the Nobel Foundation has said the body must fix its tarnished reputation first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man at the center of the Swedish Academy scandal, Jean-Claude Arnault, a major cultural figure in Sweden, was sentenced Monday to two years in prison for rape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heintz reported from Moscow. Malcolm Ritter and Chris Chester in New York contributed to this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Frances Arnold of Caltech was awarded half the prize for work that led to more environmentally friendly manufacturing of chemicals and in the production of renewable fuels.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927435,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":870},"headData":{"title":"Three Scientists, Including Caltech Professor, Win Nobel Prize in Chemistry | KQED","description":"Frances Arnold of Caltech was awarded half the prize for work that led to more environmentally friendly manufacturing of chemicals and in the production of renewable fuels.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Three Scientists, Including Caltech Professor, Win Nobel Prize in Chemistry","datePublished":"2018-10-03T10:50:33.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T22:57:15.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Events","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Jim Heintz\u003cbr />David Keyton\u003cbr />The Associated Press","path":"/science/1932219/two-americans-including-caltech-professor-win-nobel-prize-in-chemistry","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->Three researchers who “harnessed the power of evolution” to produce enzymes and antibodies that have led to a new best-selling drug and biofuels won the Nobel Prize in chemistry on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frances Arnold of the California Institute of Technology was awarded half of the 9-million-kronor ($1.01 million) prize, while the other half will be shared by George Smith of the University of Missouri and Gregory Winter of the MRC molecular biology lab in Cambridge, England.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, which chose the winners, said Arnold, 62, conducted the first directed evolution of enzymes, whose uses include “more environmentally friendly manufacturing of chemical substances such as pharmaceuticals and the production of renewable fuels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arnold is only the fifth woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize in chemistry since the prizes were first handed out in 1901.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Hartings, an associate professor of chemistry at American University in Washington, D.C., said “her work is incredible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hartings said the proteins that Arnold designed “do these really off-the-wall chemical things in record time.” He said her directed evolution approach has greatly helped chemists make enzymes do jobs that nature never intended, such as for industrial purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith, 77, developed a method to evolve new proteins and Winter used the method to evolve antibodies, which are disease-fighting proteins in the blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932229\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1932229\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-1020x628.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"394\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-1020x628.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-160x98.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-800x492.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-768x472.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-1200x738.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-1920x1181.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-1180x726.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-960x591.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-240x148.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-375x231.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1044990976-520x320.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" />\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A screen displays portraits of Frances H Arnold of the United States, George P Smith of the United States and Gregory P Winter of Great Britain during the announcement of the winners of the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemestry at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on October 3, 2018 in Stockholm. \u003ccite>(JONAS EKSTROMER/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first pharmaceutical based on Winter’s work was approved for use in 2002 and is employed to treat rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel diseases, the academy said. The chemical name of the drug is adalimumab, which has several trade named including Humira, one of the top-selling drugs in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith, speaking to The Associated Press after learning about this Nobel win, credited others for the work that led to his breakthrough.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Very few research breakthroughs are novel. Virtually all of them build on what went on before. It’s happenstance. That was certainly the case with my work,” he said Wednesday. “Mine was an idea in a line of research that built very naturally on the lines of research that went before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith said he learned of the prize in a pre-dawn phone call from Stockholm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a standard joke that someone with a Swedish accent calls and says ‘You won!’ But there was so much static on the line, I knew it wasn’t any of my friends,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>American Chemical Society president Peter Dorhout praised the Nobel winners, saying “the laureates have used chemistry to accelerate the evolution of natural biological molecules that act as the critical machinery for living organisms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The breakthroughs from these researchers enable that to occur thousands of times faster than nature to improve medicines, fuels and other products,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts said the developments for which the winners won the 2018 prize can be more ecological than many other chemical processes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enzymes “are what all we organisms use to make our chemicals. So if you can harness enzymes for your own purposes, this is often more environmentally friendly than using heavy metals or toxic substances to make your chemicals,” said Johan Aqvist, a member of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other Nobel prizes this year, the medicine prize went Monday to James Allison of the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center and Tasuku Honjo of Kyoto University, who learned how to release the brakes that cancer can put on the immune system, discoveries that helped cancer doctors fight many advanced-stage tumors and save an “untold” numbers of lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists from the United States, Canada and France shared the physics prize Tuesday for revolutionizing the use of lasers in research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arthur Ashkin became the oldest Nobel Prize laureate at 96, while Donna Strickland of the University of Waterloo in Canada became only the third woman to win a physics Nobel. Strickland had worked with the third winner, Frenchman Gerard Mourou of the Ecole Polytechnique and the University of Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The winner of the Nobel Peace Prize is to be announced Friday. The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, honoring Alfred Nobel, the man who endowed the five Nobel Prizes, will be revealed on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No Nobel literature prize will be awarded this year due to a sex abuse scandal at the Swedish Academy, which chooses the winner. The academy plans to announce both the 2018 and the 2019 winner next year — although the head of the Nobel Foundation has said the body must fix its tarnished reputation first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man at the center of the Swedish Academy scandal, Jean-Claude Arnault, a major cultural figure in Sweden, was sentenced Monday to two years in prison for rape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heintz reported from Moscow. Malcolm Ritter and Chris Chester in New York contributed to this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1932219/two-americans-including-caltech-professor-win-nobel-prize-in-chemistry","authors":["byline_science_1932219"],"categories":["science_29","science_37","science_40"],"tags":["science_798","science_1943","science_140","science_309"],"featImg":"science_1932228","label":"source_science_1932219"},"science_1919946":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1919946","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1919946","score":null,"sort":[1519740010000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"so-sometimes-fireflies-eat-other-fireflies","title":"So ... Sometimes Fireflies Eat Other Fireflies","publishDate":1519740010,"format":"video","headTitle":"So … Sometimes Fireflies Eat Other Fireflies | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1935,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]Most of the blinking signals that fireflies send out are intended to attract mates. But researchers are finding that, in some cases, these romantic overtures are not all wine and roses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Females of one firefly group, the genus \u003cem>Photuris\u003c/em>, have learned to copy other fireflies’ flashes to attract the males of those species. When one arrives, she pounces, first sucking his blood, and then devouring his insides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These “femme fatale” fireflies, which live throughout the eastern United States, were nicknamed by the scientist who first described the behavior in the 1970s, Jim Lloyd of the University of Florida in Gainesville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919987\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_fireflies_firefly-eats-firefly-CC.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1919987\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_fireflies_firefly-eats-firefly-CC-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_fireflies_firefly-eats-firefly-CC-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_fireflies_firefly-eats-firefly-CC-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_fireflies_firefly-eats-firefly-CC-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_fireflies_firefly-eats-firefly-CC-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_fireflies_firefly-eats-firefly-CC-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_fireflies_firefly-eats-firefly-CC-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_fireflies_firefly-eats-firefly-CC-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_fireflies_firefly-eats-firefly-CC-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_fireflies_firefly-eats-firefly-CC-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_fireflies_firefly-eats-firefly-CC-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fireflies in the genus Photuris mimic other firefly flashes to lure and eat them. \u003ccite>(Kevin Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These predatory fireflies develop widely varying light shows to target whatever species are in the area. “They alter the signal that they’re mimicking, depending on what they’re seeing around them,” said \u003ca href=\"https://silentsparks.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sara Lewis,\u003c/a> a firefly researcher at Tufts University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many who grow up in the eastern U.S., firefly displays are synonymous with summer. “We had a cabin in the Great Smoky Mountains,” said Lynn Faust, author of the 2017 book \u003ca href=\"http://www.ugapress.org/index.php/books/fireflies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Fireflies, Glow-worms, and Lightning Bugs,\u003c/em>\u003c/a> a field guide to the insects. “We had them all around us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The predatory habits of \u003cem>Photuris \u003c/em>are just one example of how much individual firefly signals can differ from one another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone initially thinks all fireflies are one species,” Faust said, but her book describes dozens, down to the unique flash patterns of each.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The male common eastern firefly, for example, is known for his fish hook-shaped aerial maneuver, which he repeats at six-second intervals. That characteristic move has earned the species the nickname “Big Dipper.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919988\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_big-dipper_720.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1919988\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_big-dipper_720.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The “Big Dipper” firefly, a.k.a the common eastern firefly, woos females with a hook-shaped display. \u003ccite>(Kevin Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The male Big Dipper hopes this bit of skywriting will get him noticed by females hiding in the grass. If the female likes what she sees, her reply comes as a single pulse from her smaller, heart-shaped lantern. That’s his invitation to land and mate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most firefly interactions follow the same pattern, with roving males advertising themselves to concealed females. Within a species, the back-and-forth signals are so reliable that it’s easy to attract the male fireflies with even a simple decoy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefly light is biochemical. The complex folds inside their abdominal lanterns contain two types of chemicals, luciferases and luciferins, which interact in the presence of oxygen to produce the light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But fireflies like the Big Dippers do much more with chemistry than just make light. They can mix together an array of other compounds, including invisible pheromones for mating, and others called lucibufagins (“loosa-BOOF-ajins”) that ward off predators like spiders and birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Males pass some of these chemicals, including the highly potent lucibufagins, to females during the mating process. That so-called nuptial gift plays a role in the reproductive success of both partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919989\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_Fireflies_female-signals-CC.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1919989\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_Fireflies_female-signals-CC-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_Fireflies_female-signals-CC-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_Fireflies_female-signals-CC-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_Fireflies_female-signals-CC-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_Fireflies_female-signals-CC-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_Fireflies_female-signals-CC-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_Fireflies_female-signals-CC-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_Fireflies_female-signals-CC-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_Fireflies_female-signals-CC-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_Fireflies_female-signals-CC-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_Fireflies_female-signals-CC-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A female Big Dipper replies to the male’s signal. \u003ccite>(Kevin Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At some point, according to Lewis, the \u003cem>Photuris\u003c/em> “femme fatale” fireflies lost the ability to make their own lucibufagins. So instead of chemistry, these bigger, stronger fireflies became adept at imitation, and evolved to turn into insect vampires to take these valuable compounds from other fireflies to boost their own defenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it works. In experiments, predators avoided \u003cem>Photuris\u003c/em> fireflies that had recently preyed on other fireflies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s more, while most adult fireflies don’t even eat in their three-week lifespans — like \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/07/11/why-is-the-very-hungry-caterpillar-so-dang-hungry/\">butterflies,\u003c/a> they do most of their snacking in the larval stage — the \u003cem>Photuris \u003c/em>also makes a meal of her victim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She’s pretty thorough,” Lewis said, “They’re really almost like a food processor, grinding them up and leaving the hard bits behind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fireflies in California? Yes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people are surprised to learn that despite fireflies’ reputation as a mainstay of the Midwest and the eastern U.S., California has them, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Debbi Brusco, who conducts night hikes for visitors as an activities docent at \u003ca href=\"https://www.openspace.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District,\u003c/a> won’t soon forget the first time she encountered a California pink glowworm firefly in the wild, at Monte Bello Open Space Preserve in the hills west of Cupertino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the other docents happened to notice this little tiny green light growing in the grass,” she recalled. “We’d never seen anything like that before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s now the centerpiece of a night hike she conducts every year at the preserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once I found out what it was,” she said, “it kind of hooked me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919990\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504-Pink-glowworm.article.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1919990 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504-Pink-glowworm.article-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504-Pink-glowworm.article-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504-Pink-glowworm.article-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504-Pink-glowworm.article-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504-Pink-glowworm.article-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504-Pink-glowworm.article-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504-Pink-glowworm.article-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504-Pink-glowworm.article-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504-Pink-glowworm.article-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504-Pink-glowworm.article-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504-Pink-glowworm.article-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pinned specimen of the California pink glowworm, one of only three at UC Berkeley’s Essig Museum of Entomology. \u003ccite>(Elliott Kennerson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though their displays can’t rival what you find in the East, California’s fireflies are around — if you know when and where to look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The adult females, which resemble armored, rose-colored worms, are the only ones that light up. The males fly, but don’t glow at all. Nonetheless, their mating habits follow the firefly pattern, with males on the wing searching for females hidden in the dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the help of an engineer friend, Brusco built a lure to attract males for park visitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can never tell if you’re going to see any or not,” she said, “One year we got 17.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s fireflies are found most often near mountain springs, alongside the native snails they like to eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northern California is also home to a second type of firefly, one active only in the daytime. Though closely related to the nocturnal, lantern-bearing Big Dippers, members of this genus, \u003cem>Ellychnia\u003c/em>, don’t light up at all, probably relying on pheromones alone to find mates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joining Brusco’s annual firefly hike, which is scheduled in May and takes place in June, requires a reservation on \u003ca href=\"https://openspace.org/what-to-do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https://openspace.org/what-to-do\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Most firefly flashes are pure romance, but one kind copies others' signals to lure them to their demise.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928174,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":1053},"headData":{"title":"So ... Sometimes Fireflies Eat Other Fireflies | KQED","description":"Most firefly flashes are pure romance, but one kind copies others' signals to lure them to their demise.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"So ... Sometimes Fireflies Eat Other Fireflies","datePublished":"2018-02-27T14:00:10.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:09:34.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/oWdCMFvgFbo","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1919946/so-sometimes-fireflies-eat-other-fireflies","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"dl_subscribe","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Most of the blinking signals that fireflies send out are intended to attract mates. But researchers are finding that, in some cases, these romantic overtures are not all wine and roses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Females of one firefly group, the genus \u003cem>Photuris\u003c/em>, have learned to copy other fireflies’ flashes to attract the males of those species. When one arrives, she pounces, first sucking his blood, and then devouring his insides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These “femme fatale” fireflies, which live throughout the eastern United States, were nicknamed by the scientist who first described the behavior in the 1970s, Jim Lloyd of the University of Florida in Gainesville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919987\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_fireflies_firefly-eats-firefly-CC.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1919987\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_fireflies_firefly-eats-firefly-CC-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_fireflies_firefly-eats-firefly-CC-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_fireflies_firefly-eats-firefly-CC-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_fireflies_firefly-eats-firefly-CC-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_fireflies_firefly-eats-firefly-CC-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_fireflies_firefly-eats-firefly-CC-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_fireflies_firefly-eats-firefly-CC-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_fireflies_firefly-eats-firefly-CC-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_fireflies_firefly-eats-firefly-CC-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_fireflies_firefly-eats-firefly-CC-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_fireflies_firefly-eats-firefly-CC-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fireflies in the genus Photuris mimic other firefly flashes to lure and eat them. \u003ccite>(Kevin Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These predatory fireflies develop widely varying light shows to target whatever species are in the area. “They alter the signal that they’re mimicking, depending on what they’re seeing around them,” said \u003ca href=\"https://silentsparks.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sara Lewis,\u003c/a> a firefly researcher at Tufts University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many who grow up in the eastern U.S., firefly displays are synonymous with summer. “We had a cabin in the Great Smoky Mountains,” said Lynn Faust, author of the 2017 book \u003ca href=\"http://www.ugapress.org/index.php/books/fireflies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Fireflies, Glow-worms, and Lightning Bugs,\u003c/em>\u003c/a> a field guide to the insects. “We had them all around us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The predatory habits of \u003cem>Photuris \u003c/em>are just one example of how much individual firefly signals can differ from one another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone initially thinks all fireflies are one species,” Faust said, but her book describes dozens, down to the unique flash patterns of each.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The male common eastern firefly, for example, is known for his fish hook-shaped aerial maneuver, which he repeats at six-second intervals. That characteristic move has earned the species the nickname “Big Dipper.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919988\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_big-dipper_720.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1919988\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_big-dipper_720.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The “Big Dipper” firefly, a.k.a the common eastern firefly, woos females with a hook-shaped display. \u003ccite>(Kevin Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The male Big Dipper hopes this bit of skywriting will get him noticed by females hiding in the grass. If the female likes what she sees, her reply comes as a single pulse from her smaller, heart-shaped lantern. That’s his invitation to land and mate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most firefly interactions follow the same pattern, with roving males advertising themselves to concealed females. Within a species, the back-and-forth signals are so reliable that it’s easy to attract the male fireflies with even a simple decoy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefly light is biochemical. The complex folds inside their abdominal lanterns contain two types of chemicals, luciferases and luciferins, which interact in the presence of oxygen to produce the light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But fireflies like the Big Dippers do much more with chemistry than just make light. They can mix together an array of other compounds, including invisible pheromones for mating, and others called lucibufagins (“loosa-BOOF-ajins”) that ward off predators like spiders and birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Males pass some of these chemicals, including the highly potent lucibufagins, to females during the mating process. That so-called nuptial gift plays a role in the reproductive success of both partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919989\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_Fireflies_female-signals-CC.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1919989\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_Fireflies_female-signals-CC-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_Fireflies_female-signals-CC-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_Fireflies_female-signals-CC-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_Fireflies_female-signals-CC-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_Fireflies_female-signals-CC-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_Fireflies_female-signals-CC-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_Fireflies_female-signals-CC-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_Fireflies_female-signals-CC-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_Fireflies_female-signals-CC-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_Fireflies_female-signals-CC-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504_Fireflies_female-signals-CC-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A female Big Dipper replies to the male’s signal. \u003ccite>(Kevin Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At some point, according to Lewis, the \u003cem>Photuris\u003c/em> “femme fatale” fireflies lost the ability to make their own lucibufagins. So instead of chemistry, these bigger, stronger fireflies became adept at imitation, and evolved to turn into insect vampires to take these valuable compounds from other fireflies to boost their own defenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it works. In experiments, predators avoided \u003cem>Photuris\u003c/em> fireflies that had recently preyed on other fireflies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s more, while most adult fireflies don’t even eat in their three-week lifespans — like \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/07/11/why-is-the-very-hungry-caterpillar-so-dang-hungry/\">butterflies,\u003c/a> they do most of their snacking in the larval stage — the \u003cem>Photuris \u003c/em>also makes a meal of her victim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She’s pretty thorough,” Lewis said, “They’re really almost like a food processor, grinding them up and leaving the hard bits behind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fireflies in California? Yes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people are surprised to learn that despite fireflies’ reputation as a mainstay of the Midwest and the eastern U.S., California has them, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Debbi Brusco, who conducts night hikes for visitors as an activities docent at \u003ca href=\"https://www.openspace.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District,\u003c/a> won’t soon forget the first time she encountered a California pink glowworm firefly in the wild, at Monte Bello Open Space Preserve in the hills west of Cupertino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the other docents happened to notice this little tiny green light growing in the grass,” she recalled. “We’d never seen anything like that before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s now the centerpiece of a night hike she conducts every year at the preserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once I found out what it was,” she said, “it kind of hooked me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919990\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504-Pink-glowworm.article.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1919990 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504-Pink-glowworm.article-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504-Pink-glowworm.article-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504-Pink-glowworm.article-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504-Pink-glowworm.article-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504-Pink-glowworm.article-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504-Pink-glowworm.article-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504-Pink-glowworm.article-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504-Pink-glowworm.article-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504-Pink-glowworm.article-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504-Pink-glowworm.article-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DL504-Pink-glowworm.article-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pinned specimen of the California pink glowworm, one of only three at UC Berkeley’s Essig Museum of Entomology. \u003ccite>(Elliott Kennerson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though their displays can’t rival what you find in the East, California’s fireflies are around — if you know when and where to look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The adult females, which resemble armored, rose-colored worms, are the only ones that light up. The males fly, but don’t glow at all. Nonetheless, their mating habits follow the firefly pattern, with males on the wing searching for females hidden in the dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the help of an engineer friend, Brusco built a lure to attract males for park visitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can never tell if you’re going to see any or not,” she said, “One year we got 17.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s fireflies are found most often near mountain springs, alongside the native snails they like to eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northern California is also home to a second type of firefly, one active only in the daytime. Though closely related to the nocturnal, lantern-bearing Big Dippers, members of this genus, \u003cem>Ellychnia\u003c/em>, don’t light up at all, probably relying on pheromones alone to find mates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joining Brusco’s annual firefly hike, which is scheduled in May and takes place in June, requires a reservation on \u003ca href=\"https://openspace.org/what-to-do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https://openspace.org/what-to-do\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1919946/so-sometimes-fireflies-eat-other-fireflies","authors":["11090"],"series":["science_1935"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_29","science_86"],"tags":["science_798","science_309"],"featImg":"science_1919985","label":"science_1935"},"science_1916162":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1916162","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1916162","score":null,"sort":[1507113362000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"nobel-prize-in-chemistry-honors-electron-microscopy","title":"Nobel Prize in Chemistry Honors Electron Microscopy","publishDate":1507113362,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Nobel Prize in Chemistry Honors Electron Microscopy | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Joachim Frank, who shares this year’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2017/press.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nobel Prize in Chemistry \u003c/a>with two other researchers for developing a method to generate three-dimensional images of the molecules of life, says the potential use of the method is “immense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking by phone, Frank told a news conference after the Nobel announcement Wednesday that the method, called cryo-electron microscopy, meant medicine no longer focuses on organs but “looks at the processes in the cell.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I was totally overwhelmed, I thought the chances of winning the Nobel Prize were minuscule because there are so many other discoveries that happen everyday. I was speechless.\u003ccite>Biophysicist Joachim Frank\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.kva.se/en/startsida\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> said Wednesday that their method, called cryo-electron microscopy, allows researchers to “freeze biomolecules” mid-movement and visualize processes they have never previously seen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank, based at New York’s Columbia University, shares the $1.1 million prize with Jacques Dubochet of the University of Lausanne and Richard Henderson of MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, Britain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The development, the Academy said, “is decisive for both the basic understanding of life’s chemistry and for the development of pharmaceuticals.” The Zika virus, for example, was \u003ca href=\"https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/zika-virus-structure-revealed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">analyzed using this method\u003c/a>. The virus’s anatomic structure was discovered in only a few months using this technique, which is important for creating new drugs or vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916168\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 770px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Microscopy.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1916168\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Microscopy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"770\" height=\"483\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Microscopy.jpg 770w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Microscopy-160x100.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Microscopy-768x482.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Microscopy-240x151.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Microscopy-375x235.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Microscopy-520x326.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The electron microscope’s resolution has radically improved, from showing shapeless blobs to now visualizing proteins at atomic resolution. \u003ccite>(Martin Hogbom)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Nobel Prize for Chemistry rewards researchers for major advances in studying the infinitesimal bits of material that are the building blocks of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent prizes have gone to scientists who developed \u003ca href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2016/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">molecular “machines”\u003c/a>—molecules with controllable motions—and who mapped how \u003ca href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2015/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cells repair damaged DNA\u003c/a>, leading to improved cancer treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the third Nobel announced this week and final science-related award.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2017/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">literature winner\u003c/a> will be named Thursday and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2017/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">peace prize\u003c/a> will be announced Friday.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"On Wednesday, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded for developments in electron microscopy.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928355,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":350},"headData":{"title":"Nobel Prize in Chemistry Honors Electron Microscopy | KQED","description":"On Wednesday, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded for developments in electron microscopy.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Nobel Prize in Chemistry Honors Electron Microscopy","datePublished":"2017-10-04T10:36:02.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:12:35.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Associated Press","sourceUrl":"https://www.ap.org/en-us/","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Associated Press","path":"/science/1916162/nobel-prize-in-chemistry-honors-electron-microscopy","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Joachim Frank, who shares this year’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2017/press.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nobel Prize in Chemistry \u003c/a>with two other researchers for developing a method to generate three-dimensional images of the molecules of life, says the potential use of the method is “immense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking by phone, Frank told a news conference after the Nobel announcement Wednesday that the method, called cryo-electron microscopy, meant medicine no longer focuses on organs but “looks at the processes in the cell.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I was totally overwhelmed, I thought the chances of winning the Nobel Prize were minuscule because there are so many other discoveries that happen everyday. I was speechless.\u003ccite>Biophysicist Joachim Frank\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.kva.se/en/startsida\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> said Wednesday that their method, called cryo-electron microscopy, allows researchers to “freeze biomolecules” mid-movement and visualize processes they have never previously seen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank, based at New York’s Columbia University, shares the $1.1 million prize with Jacques Dubochet of the University of Lausanne and Richard Henderson of MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, Britain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The development, the Academy said, “is decisive for both the basic understanding of life’s chemistry and for the development of pharmaceuticals.” The Zika virus, for example, was \u003ca href=\"https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/zika-virus-structure-revealed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">analyzed using this method\u003c/a>. The virus’s anatomic structure was discovered in only a few months using this technique, which is important for creating new drugs or vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916168\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 770px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Microscopy.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1916168\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Microscopy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"770\" height=\"483\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Microscopy.jpg 770w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Microscopy-160x100.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Microscopy-768x482.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Microscopy-240x151.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Microscopy-375x235.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Microscopy-520x326.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The electron microscope’s resolution has radically improved, from showing shapeless blobs to now visualizing proteins at atomic resolution. \u003ccite>(Martin Hogbom)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Nobel Prize for Chemistry rewards researchers for major advances in studying the infinitesimal bits of material that are the building blocks of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent prizes have gone to scientists who developed \u003ca href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2016/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">molecular “machines”\u003c/a>—molecules with controllable motions—and who mapped how \u003ca href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2015/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cells repair damaged DNA\u003c/a>, leading to improved cancer treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the third Nobel announced this week and final science-related award.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2017/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">literature winner\u003c/a> will be named Thursday and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2017/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">peace prize\u003c/a> will be announced Friday.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1916162/nobel-prize-in-chemistry-honors-electron-microscopy","authors":["byline_science_1916162"],"categories":["science_29","science_40"],"tags":["science_798","science_3370","science_1943"],"featImg":"science_1916166","label":"source_science_1916162"},"science_22363":{"type":"posts","id":"science_22363","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"22363","score":null,"sort":[1412788386000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"stanford-scientist-shares-nobel-in-chemistry","title":"Stanford Scientist Shares Nobel in Chemistry","publishDate":1412788386,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Stanford Scientist Shares Nobel in Chemistry | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Scott Neuman\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/10/08/354514604/scientists-share-chemistry-nobel-for-breakthrough-in-microscopy\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22365\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/14369-moerner.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/14369-moerner.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford professor W.E. Moerner has been awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. (L.A. Cicero/Stanford)\" width=\"600\" height=\"399\" class=\"size-full wp-image-22365\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford professor W.E. Moerner has been awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. (L.A. Cicero/Stanford)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two Americans and a German will share the Nobel Prize in chemistry for developing a new type of microscopy that allows researchers, for the first time, to see individual molecules inside living cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has awarded Americans Eric Betzig and William Moerner and German scientist Stefan Hell the prize for “the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy,” which “has brought optical microscopy into the nanodimension.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2014/press.html\">Nobelprize.org\u003c/a> says:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“For a long time optical microscopy was held back by a presumed limitation: that it would never obtain a better resolution than half the wavelength of light. Helped by fluorescent molecules the Nobel Laureates in Chemistry 2014 ingeniously circumvented this limitation. Their ground-breaking work has brought optical microscopy into the nanodimension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In what has become known as nanoscopy, scientists visualize the pathways of individual molecules inside living cells. They can see how molecules create synapses between nerve cells in the brain; they can track proteins involved in Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s diseases as they aggregate; they follow individual proteins in fertilized eggs as these divide into embryos.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The academy says it is awarding the prize for two distinct principles. \u003ca href=\"http://www3.mpibpc.mpg.de/groups/hell/STED.htm\">Simulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy\u003c/a>, which uses a laser to stimulate fluorescent molecules to glow and another laser to filter out all but a small portion of the result, allowing incredibly fine resolution. That research was carried out by Hell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working separately, Betzig and Moerner are credited with developing \u003ca href=\"http://www.rsc.org/conferencesandevents/rscconferences/fd/molecule-fd2015/index.asp\">single-molecule microscopy\u003c/a>, a “method [that] relies upon the possibility to turn the fluorescence of individual molecules on and off. Scientists image the same area multiple times, letting just a few interspersed molecules glow each time,” according to Nobelprize.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Betzig is a group leader at Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Va., and Moerner is the Harry S. Mosher Professor in Chemistry and professor, by courtesy, of applied physics at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hell is the director at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Gottingen, and division head at the German Cancer Research Center in Heidelberg, Germany.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Two Americans and a German will share the Nobel Prize in chemistry for developing a new type of microscopy that allows researchers, for the first time, to see individual molecules inside living cells.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704932795,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":382},"headData":{"title":"Stanford Scientist Shares Nobel in Chemistry | KQED","description":"Two Americans and a German will share the Nobel Prize in chemistry for developing a new type of microscopy that allows researchers, for the first time, to see individual molecules inside living cells.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Stanford Scientist Shares Nobel in Chemistry","datePublished":"2014-10-08T17:13:06.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-11T00:26:35.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/22363/stanford-scientist-shares-nobel-in-chemistry","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Scott Neuman\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/10/08/354514604/scientists-share-chemistry-nobel-for-breakthrough-in-microscopy\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22365\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/14369-moerner.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/14369-moerner.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford professor W.E. Moerner has been awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. (L.A. Cicero/Stanford)\" width=\"600\" height=\"399\" class=\"size-full wp-image-22365\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford professor W.E. Moerner has been awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. (L.A. Cicero/Stanford)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two Americans and a German will share the Nobel Prize in chemistry for developing a new type of microscopy that allows researchers, for the first time, to see individual molecules inside living cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has awarded Americans Eric Betzig and William Moerner and German scientist Stefan Hell the prize for “the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy,” which “has brought optical microscopy into the nanodimension.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2014/press.html\">Nobelprize.org\u003c/a> says:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“For a long time optical microscopy was held back by a presumed limitation: that it would never obtain a better resolution than half the wavelength of light. Helped by fluorescent molecules the Nobel Laureates in Chemistry 2014 ingeniously circumvented this limitation. Their ground-breaking work has brought optical microscopy into the nanodimension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In what has become known as nanoscopy, scientists visualize the pathways of individual molecules inside living cells. They can see how molecules create synapses between nerve cells in the brain; they can track proteins involved in Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s diseases as they aggregate; they follow individual proteins in fertilized eggs as these divide into embryos.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The academy says it is awarding the prize for two distinct principles. \u003ca href=\"http://www3.mpibpc.mpg.de/groups/hell/STED.htm\">Simulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy\u003c/a>, which uses a laser to stimulate fluorescent molecules to glow and another laser to filter out all but a small portion of the result, allowing incredibly fine resolution. That research was carried out by Hell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working separately, Betzig and Moerner are credited with developing \u003ca href=\"http://www.rsc.org/conferencesandevents/rscconferences/fd/molecule-fd2015/index.asp\">single-molecule microscopy\u003c/a>, a “method [that] relies upon the possibility to turn the fluorescence of individual molecules on and off. Scientists image the same area multiple times, letting just a few interspersed molecules glow each time,” according to Nobelprize.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Betzig is a group leader at Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Va., and Moerner is the Harry S. Mosher Professor in Chemistry and professor, by courtesy, of applied physics at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hell is the director at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Gottingen, and division head at the German Cancer Research Center in Heidelberg, Germany.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/22363/stanford-scientist-shares-nobel-in-chemistry","authors":["6387"],"categories":["science_29","science_40"],"tags":["science_798","science_1943","science_5187"],"featImg":"science_22368","label":"science"},"science_21640":{"type":"posts","id":"science_21640","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"21640","score":null,"sort":[1410876004000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"dancing-with-atoms-innovative-art-advances-computing-and-chemistry","title":"Dancing with Atoms: Innovative Art Advances Computing and Chemistry","publishDate":1410876004,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Dancing with Atoms: Innovative Art Advances Computing and Chemistry | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21656\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/navigatin-nano-cover.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21656\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/navigatin-nano-cover.jpg\" alt=\"Protein folding\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two researchers using their “energy fields” in real time to guide the folding of a small protein. (Adam Laity & Nathan Hughes)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We humans are naturally enchanted by life at scales smaller than our own—from Gulliver in Lilliput to the Magic School Bus inside the human body. But our imaginations fail us when we get down to the truly tiny. A solid rock is built of atoms bonded into molecules arranged into lattices, all of which contain a surprising amount of empty space. What would it even mean to walk through that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”dwZPYM7JibOCk0OLqr1khdvA8tmyTtdD”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An innovative art installation called \u003ca title=\"danceroom Spectroscopy\" href=\"http://danceroom-spec.com/\">\u003ci>danceroom Spectroscopy\u003c/i>\u003c/a> (dS for short) can draw you into this sub-microscopic realm with the compelling immersion of a video game. In fact, dS uses Microsoft’s Kinect game controller to track your movements, then projects your body as an energy field into a computer-simulated atomic slurry. Atoms of hydrogen, helium, oxygen, carbon, and iron are rendered as streaks of colored light, attracted and repelled by each other’s energy fields as well as by the human-shaped interloper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s literally impossible for your movements not to be in time to the music, because the audio track—sort of ambient electronica—is generated by the action. The vibrations of the simulated atoms, their collisions and coalitions, are fed back into software that assigns them sounds. The result is a dance floor that is both visually and sonically responsive to your every move.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘You start to wonder, if you grew up playing video games in the nineties, what if I could be an energy field and walk in this molecule?’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>danceroom Spectroscopy\u003c/i> has made big waves in Europe; a huge 360-degree dome installation was part of the 2012 London Cultural Olympiad. The project is currently making its American debut at the \u003ca title=\"Stanford Art Gallery - dS\" href=\"http://events.stanford.edu/events/449/44911/\">Stanford Art Gallery\u003c/a> until September 20th, open and free to the public. A professional performance which builds on dS, \u003ca title=\"Dances of the Sacred and Profane\" href=\"http://www.fortmason.org/events/events-details?id=3038\">\u003ci>Dances of the Sacred and Profane\u003c/i>\u003c/a>, will be showing this weekend and next at Cowell Theater in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The Language of Dynamics\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"David Glowacki\" href=\"http://glow-wacky.com/about/\">David Glowacki\u003c/a>, a scientist and artist jointly based at Stanford and the University of Bristol, started dS as an art project, an attempt to visualize something beyond our senses. Ordinary human vision can’t process the fundamental building blocks of matter, so we try to “see” them with metaphors: \u003ca title=\"Bohr model of the atom\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohr_model\">a solar system for an atom\u003c/a>, \u003ca title=\"Ball and stick models of molecules\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball-and-stick_model\">TinkerToys for molecules\u003c/a>. But these models are all static, what Glowacki calls a “time-stationary view.” Time is not stationary, and neither are atoms; in fact they are constantly shivering and shimmying around. Even inside a rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazing at a video he’d made of the dancing molecular structure of diamond—the endless nervous energy of all those carbon atoms!—Glowacki explained the origin of dS, during a talk last week at the Stanford Art Gallery. “You start to wonder, if you grew up playing video games in the nineties, what if I could be an energy field and walk in this molecule?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21655\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 253px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/DS-BATH-45-253x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21655 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/DS-BATH-45-253x162.jpg\" alt=\"dancers use their motion to generate both sound and image from atomic physics.\" width=\"253\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">‘Hidden Fields’, a performance in which dancers use their motion to generate both sound and image from atomic physics. (\u003ca title=\"Paul Blakemore\" href=\"http://paulblakemore.co.uk/\">Paul Blakemore\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And so dS was born in 2011. Glowacki has funded the project with both art and science grants, bringing together almost forty collaborators from the fields of physics, chemistry, computer science, contemporary dance, choreography and music composition. While the original aim of the project was purely aesthetic, the underlying structure has always been strictly scientific. Each atom’s movement is calculated precisely from its mass and charge and from the energy of the surrounding atoms—and human dancers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A system with so many interdependent equations usually takes time to solve, but dS needed speed. “We didn’t want the dancers or the public to get bored,” says Glowacki. Existing desktop computational systems simply weren’t fast enough to display the atoms responding in real time to human movement. So Glowacki and his colleagues pushed the boundaries of computer science until their artistic vision was possible—and now that it is, new research possibilities are opening up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A Video Game For Science\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Molecules can be named by their constituent atoms. H\u003csub>2\u003c/sub>O means that a single water molecule contains two hydrogen (H) atoms and one oxygen (O) atom. That’s a pretty small molecule, and its shape is consequently straightforward. But for big molecules, simply knowing their atomic recipe tells you little about their actual shape. Is C\u003csub>3\u003c/sub>H\u003csub>7\u003c/sub>NO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> looped into a necklace? Wadded into a ball? Doing the splits?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our bodies are full of big and bigger molecules, many of them carrying out hugely important tasks, like turning your food into energy or transmitting messages from your brain. Understanding the shapes they can be folded into is critical to understanding how they work—and fixing them when they don’t. So biochemists simulate these molecules, and set computers to the task of folding them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21657\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 245px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/DS-FESTIVAL-133-245x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21657 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/DS-FESTIVAL-133-245x162.jpg\" alt=\"Participants transfer atoms between their energy fields\" width=\"245\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Participants transfer atoms between their energy fields at an installation of danceroom Spectroscopy in Bristol, UK. (\u003ca title=\"Paul Blakemore\" href=\"http://paulblakemore.co.uk/\">Paul Blakemore\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But computers are dumb. They don’t know which shapes are interesting and which are dead ends. What if a human could just grab the molecule and push it around, like an origami artist fiddling with a piece of paper?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chemists are beginning to experiment with a dS-based “Nano Glove Box” that allows them to stretch and fold model molecules to discover new configurations. Just a few months ago, Glowacki and colleagues \u003ca title=\"GPU-accelerated immersive audio-visual framework for interaction with molecular dynamics\" href=\"http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2014/fd/c4fd00008k\">published research\u003c/a> showing that people can guide a simulated protein into shapes that a computer would be much slower to simulate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The polished audio-visual aesthetics of the system give it an intrinsic appeal, which raises the possibility of crowd-sourced protein folding. Generations that grow up moving in their game avatars like second skins certainly provide a natural pool of talent. “I’ve hooked up eight- and nine-year-olds and they play with it for hours,” says Glowacki.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"We humans are naturally enchanted by life at scales smaller than our own. An imaginative art installation can draw you into the sub-microscopic realm with the compelling immersion of a video game.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704932944,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":1038},"headData":{"title":"Dancing with Atoms: Innovative Art Advances Computing and Chemistry | KQED","description":"We humans are naturally enchanted by life at scales smaller than our own. An imaginative art installation can draw you into the sub-microscopic realm with the compelling immersion of a video game.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Dancing with Atoms: Innovative Art Advances Computing and Chemistry","datePublished":"2014-09-16T14:00:04.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-11T00:29:04.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/21640/dancing-with-atoms-innovative-art-advances-computing-and-chemistry","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21656\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/navigatin-nano-cover.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21656\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/navigatin-nano-cover.jpg\" alt=\"Protein folding\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two researchers using their “energy fields” in real time to guide the folding of a small protein. (Adam Laity & Nathan Hughes)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We humans are naturally enchanted by life at scales smaller than our own—from Gulliver in Lilliput to the Magic School Bus inside the human body. But our imaginations fail us when we get down to the truly tiny. A solid rock is built of atoms bonded into molecules arranged into lattices, all of which contain a surprising amount of empty space. What would it even mean to walk through that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An innovative art installation called \u003ca title=\"danceroom Spectroscopy\" href=\"http://danceroom-spec.com/\">\u003ci>danceroom Spectroscopy\u003c/i>\u003c/a> (dS for short) can draw you into this sub-microscopic realm with the compelling immersion of a video game. In fact, dS uses Microsoft’s Kinect game controller to track your movements, then projects your body as an energy field into a computer-simulated atomic slurry. Atoms of hydrogen, helium, oxygen, carbon, and iron are rendered as streaks of colored light, attracted and repelled by each other’s energy fields as well as by the human-shaped interloper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s literally impossible for your movements not to be in time to the music, because the audio track—sort of ambient electronica—is generated by the action. The vibrations of the simulated atoms, their collisions and coalitions, are fed back into software that assigns them sounds. The result is a dance floor that is both visually and sonically responsive to your every move.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘You start to wonder, if you grew up playing video games in the nineties, what if I could be an energy field and walk in this molecule?’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>danceroom Spectroscopy\u003c/i> has made big waves in Europe; a huge 360-degree dome installation was part of the 2012 London Cultural Olympiad. The project is currently making its American debut at the \u003ca title=\"Stanford Art Gallery - dS\" href=\"http://events.stanford.edu/events/449/44911/\">Stanford Art Gallery\u003c/a> until September 20th, open and free to the public. A professional performance which builds on dS, \u003ca title=\"Dances of the Sacred and Profane\" href=\"http://www.fortmason.org/events/events-details?id=3038\">\u003ci>Dances of the Sacred and Profane\u003c/i>\u003c/a>, will be showing this weekend and next at Cowell Theater in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The Language of Dynamics\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"David Glowacki\" href=\"http://glow-wacky.com/about/\">David Glowacki\u003c/a>, a scientist and artist jointly based at Stanford and the University of Bristol, started dS as an art project, an attempt to visualize something beyond our senses. Ordinary human vision can’t process the fundamental building blocks of matter, so we try to “see” them with metaphors: \u003ca title=\"Bohr model of the atom\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohr_model\">a solar system for an atom\u003c/a>, \u003ca title=\"Ball and stick models of molecules\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball-and-stick_model\">TinkerToys for molecules\u003c/a>. But these models are all static, what Glowacki calls a “time-stationary view.” Time is not stationary, and neither are atoms; in fact they are constantly shivering and shimmying around. Even inside a rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazing at a video he’d made of the dancing molecular structure of diamond—the endless nervous energy of all those carbon atoms!—Glowacki explained the origin of dS, during a talk last week at the Stanford Art Gallery. “You start to wonder, if you grew up playing video games in the nineties, what if I could be an energy field and walk in this molecule?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21655\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 253px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/DS-BATH-45-253x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21655 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/DS-BATH-45-253x162.jpg\" alt=\"dancers use their motion to generate both sound and image from atomic physics.\" width=\"253\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">‘Hidden Fields’, a performance in which dancers use their motion to generate both sound and image from atomic physics. (\u003ca title=\"Paul Blakemore\" href=\"http://paulblakemore.co.uk/\">Paul Blakemore\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And so dS was born in 2011. Glowacki has funded the project with both art and science grants, bringing together almost forty collaborators from the fields of physics, chemistry, computer science, contemporary dance, choreography and music composition. While the original aim of the project was purely aesthetic, the underlying structure has always been strictly scientific. Each atom’s movement is calculated precisely from its mass and charge and from the energy of the surrounding atoms—and human dancers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A system with so many interdependent equations usually takes time to solve, but dS needed speed. “We didn’t want the dancers or the public to get bored,” says Glowacki. Existing desktop computational systems simply weren’t fast enough to display the atoms responding in real time to human movement. So Glowacki and his colleagues pushed the boundaries of computer science until their artistic vision was possible—and now that it is, new research possibilities are opening up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A Video Game For Science\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Molecules can be named by their constituent atoms. H\u003csub>2\u003c/sub>O means that a single water molecule contains two hydrogen (H) atoms and one oxygen (O) atom. That’s a pretty small molecule, and its shape is consequently straightforward. But for big molecules, simply knowing their atomic recipe tells you little about their actual shape. Is C\u003csub>3\u003c/sub>H\u003csub>7\u003c/sub>NO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> looped into a necklace? Wadded into a ball? Doing the splits?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our bodies are full of big and bigger molecules, many of them carrying out hugely important tasks, like turning your food into energy or transmitting messages from your brain. Understanding the shapes they can be folded into is critical to understanding how they work—and fixing them when they don’t. So biochemists simulate these molecules, and set computers to the task of folding them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21657\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 245px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/DS-FESTIVAL-133-245x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21657 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/DS-FESTIVAL-133-245x162.jpg\" alt=\"Participants transfer atoms between their energy fields\" width=\"245\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Participants transfer atoms between their energy fields at an installation of danceroom Spectroscopy in Bristol, UK. (\u003ca title=\"Paul Blakemore\" href=\"http://paulblakemore.co.uk/\">Paul Blakemore\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But computers are dumb. They don’t know which shapes are interesting and which are dead ends. What if a human could just grab the molecule and push it around, like an origami artist fiddling with a piece of paper?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chemists are beginning to experiment with a dS-based “Nano Glove Box” that allows them to stretch and fold model molecules to discover new configurations. Just a few months ago, Glowacki and colleagues \u003ca title=\"GPU-accelerated immersive audio-visual framework for interaction with molecular dynamics\" href=\"http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2014/fd/c4fd00008k\">published research\u003c/a> showing that people can guide a simulated protein into shapes that a computer would be much slower to simulate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The polished audio-visual aesthetics of the system give it an intrinsic appeal, which raises the possibility of crowd-sourced protein folding. Generations that grow up moving in their game avatars like second skins certainly provide a natural pool of talent. “I’ve hooked up eight- and nine-year-olds and they play with it for hours,” says Glowacki.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/21640/dancing-with-atoms-innovative-art-advances-computing-and-chemistry","authors":["6324"],"categories":["science_29"],"tags":["science_635","science_798"],"featImg":"science_21656","label":"science"},"science_9812":{"type":"posts","id":"science_9812","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"9812","score":null,"sort":[1381333464000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"stanford-biologist-shares-nobel-in-chemistry","title":"Stanford Biologist Shares Nobel in Chemistry","publishDate":1381333464,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Stanford Biologist Shares Nobel in Chemistry | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Michael Levitt is one of three scientists honored for pioneering work in computerized chemical analysis. \u003ca id=\"rssmore\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/10/09/michael-levitt-stanford-university-2013-nobel-prize-chemistry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">…Read More\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca title=\"Stanford Biologist Shares Nobel in Chemistry\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/10/09/michael-levitt-stanford-university-2013-nobel-prize-chemistry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Newsfix – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Michael Levitt is one of three scientists honored for pioneering work in computerized chemical analysis. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/10/09/michael-levitt-stanford-university-2013-nobel-prize-chemistry\" target=\"_blank\" id=\"rssmore\" rel=\"noopener\">...Read More\u003c/a>","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704934914,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":24},"headData":{"title":"Stanford Biologist Shares Nobel in Chemistry | KQED","description":"Michael Levitt is one of three scientists honored for pioneering work in computerized chemical analysis. ...Read More","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Stanford Biologist Shares Nobel in Chemistry","datePublished":"2013-10-09T15:44:24.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-11T01:01:54.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"redirect":{"type":"external","url":"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/10/09/michael-levitt-stanford-university-2013-nobel-prize-chemistry"},"rssmiSourceLink":"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/10/09/michael-levitt-stanford-university-2013-nobel-prize-chemistry","sticky":false,"path":"/science/9812/stanford-biologist-shares-nobel-in-chemistry","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Michael Levitt is one of three scientists honored for pioneering work in computerized chemical analysis. \u003ca id=\"rssmore\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/10/09/michael-levitt-stanford-university-2013-nobel-prize-chemistry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">…Read More\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca title=\"Stanford Biologist Shares Nobel in Chemistry\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/10/09/michael-levitt-stanford-university-2013-nobel-prize-chemistry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Newsfix – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/10/09/michael-levitt-stanford-university-2013-nobel-prize-chemistry","authors":["6387"],"categories":["science_16"],"tags":["science_798"],"featImg":"science_9813","label":"science"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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