What You Need to Know About the Food Dye in Holiday Treats
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She has won several regional Emmy awards, a regional and a national Edward R. Murrow award. The Association for Health Journalists awarded Lesley best beat coverage. The Society of Professional Journalists has recognized her reporting several times. The Society of Environmental Journalists spotlighted her ongoing coverage of California's historic drought. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Before joining KQED in 2016, she covered food and sustainability for Capital Public Radio, the environment for Colorado Public Radio, and reported for both KUOW and KCTS9 in Seattle. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When not hunched over her laptop Lesley enjoys skiing with her toddler, surfing with her husband or scheming their next globetrotting adventure. Before motherhood she relished dancing tango till sunrise. 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Prior to joining KQED, Amel worked at Al Jazeera America, Al Jazeera English, Democracy Now! and Punched Productions. She also helped produce \u003cem>Changing Face of Harlem\u003c/em>, a documentary that tracked gentrification in Harlem over a period of ten years. She is a 2013 graduate of Brooklyn Law School and is currently researching war on terror prosecutions for an upcoming book.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"amelscript","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Amel Ahmed | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/aahmed"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"science_1949617":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1949617","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1949617","score":null,"sort":[1575301737000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"what-you-need-to-know-about-the-food-dye-in-holiday-treats","title":"What You Need to Know About the Food Dye in Holiday Treats","publishDate":1575301737,"format":"audio","headTitle":"What You Need to Know About the Food Dye in Holiday Treats | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Unlike most kids, Alex Bevans scrutinizes the ingredient list before he eats anything. In the candy aisle of a grocery store in Carson City, Nevada, the 14-year-old scowls as he reads the label on a bag of lollipops,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Get this,” Alex said. “It has Red 40, Red 3, Yellow 5, Blue 1, Blue 2, Yellow 5, and Yellow 6.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">His mom, Rebecca, reached for the bag then gave her assessment: “Yeah, that’s completely toxic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Each pigment affects Alex differently, Rebecca said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“So red … he can’t pay attention and he’s impulsive. Green makes him manic. Blue makes him grumpy and tired. Yellow is the worst. He’s explosive and it leads to suicidal ideation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Alex is not alone in these types of reactions, says Lisa Lefferts, a senior scientist for the Center for Science in the Public Interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“We’ve been contacted by over 2,000 families reporting their experiences with food dyes,” she said. “The parents say that when their child is off of dyes they’re just lovely children. On dyes they’re like a completely different person.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949742\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1949742\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fooddyes_004-800x577.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"577\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fooddyes_004-800x577.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fooddyes_004-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fooddyes_004-768x554.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fooddyes_004-1020x736.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fooddyes_004-1200x866.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fooddyes_004.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Surprising foods containing chemical food coloring like microwave popcorn, cough medicine, peanut butter and beef jerky. \u003ccite>(Lindsey Moore/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>European Protections\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Lefferts is lobbying the Food and Drug Administration to follow Europe’s example on dyes: The E.U. requires manufacturers to add a warning label to foods with artificial coloring that says they “may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Most European companies avoid the label by switching to natural dyes like beet juice and Spirulina extract. A few American companies have followed suit. Kraft Macaroni and Cheese now uses turmeric and paprika to turn its noodles bright yellow. But substitutions like these aren’t widespread in the U.S, because natural dyes are more expensive and less stable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The FDA has approved nine colors for use in processed food and other products like sunscreen, cough syrup and pills. The synthetic additives are made from petroleum and are contained in at least 90% of candies, fruit-flavored snacks, and drink mixes\u003cspan class=\"s2\"> marketed to kids\u003c/span>. It’s also in \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0009922816651621\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">40% of all food products \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">designed for children. \u003c/span>The agency has determined there’s not enough evidence to support adding a warning label to these products, and in 2011, after reviewing 35 years of research, it declined to impose any new regulations on manufacturers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/color-additives-questions-and-answers-consumers\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">FDA website\u003c/span>\u003c/a> currently says, “The totality of scientific evidence indicates that most children have no adverse effects when consuming foods containing color additives, but some evidence suggests that certain children may be sensitive to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Shaky or Sound Science?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joel Nigg, psychologist and researcher\u003cspan style=\"color: red;\"> \u003c/span>at Oregon Health and Science University, followed up on the FDA probe with a comprehensive \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4321798/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">review\u003c/a>, published in 2015, of all the human clinical trials related to synthetic color additives. The article concluded that restricting the chemicals for some kids with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder does have a notable effect, but he agrees that the evidence is on the weak side because it relies on dated, often small studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>“One can question whether [the underlying studies] are convincing,” Nigg said. “But they do show a causal effect if taken at face value.”\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>A 2007 human clinical trial known as the Southampton \u003ca href=\"http://www.cspinet.org/new/pdf/mccann.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study \u003c/a>is often highlighted in the debate. British researchers gave kids beverages with synthetic food coloring in opaque containers. Afterwards, observers noted an increase in child hyperactivity. This replicated a prior similar study. But skeptics have noted that not all the dyes were FDA approved. Plus the behavioral changes were not as noticeable for teachers and independent people as for parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"color: red;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: black;\">Nigg and colleagues estimate that 5-10% of kids with ADHD may be sensitive to synthetic food coloring. That’s tens of thousands of children who could be exposed to a preventable influence on their ADHD. \u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Worst-Case Scenario\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">But for Rebecca, all the evidence she needed was right there in her son. She remembered the moment she began connecting Alex’s diet to strange behavior. He was in second grade and complained he couldn’t focus because his brain was buzzing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“It’s like if you played a decibel machine and you just kept turning the tone and the sound up,” Alex said. “It just got really ear-piercing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Then there were the meltdowns. Several times or more a day, small frustrations resulted in crying fits. “It was like I was trapped by myself and I couldn’t escape the feelings,” Alex said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Rebecca shuddered as she recounted an episode when Alex was seven. He was shredding his clothes and scratching himself on his bed. “He looked at me and said, ‘Please get me a knife. I want to kill myself. I don’t want to live like this anymore.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The family doctor had no clear answers for her, so Rebecca turned to the internet. She began cutting things out of Alex’s diet like dairy, gluten, eggs, sugar, corn syrup and preservatives. The family tried behavioral then cognitive behavioral therapy. Nothing worked. Finally, one night Rebecca stumbled across a teenager’s blog post about an extreme reaction to red food coloring. Rebecca wondered if that was why Alex struggled with erratic mood swings. She decided to cut dyes out of Alex’s diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">At first, Alex crashed like a detoxing addict. He could hardly get out of bed, and his body was sore to the touch. But within days, both the suicidal thoughts and the tantrums disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“It completely changed who I was,” he said. “I could finally focus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dramatic change inspired Rebecca to share her family’s story in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQzOHAwCfXs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">TEDX talk\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bevans hoped Alex would grow out of his sensitivity, but seven years later he continues to experience negative reactions every time he accidentally eats something with chemical food coloring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Back on the Table\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The American Academy of Pediatrics said in a 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/142/2/e20181408\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">policy statement\u003c/a> that “artificial food colors may be associated with exacerbation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> “The AAP has concerns about the limited safety testing available on chemicals intentionally and unintentionally added to foods, including food dyes,” said Dr. Leonardo Trasande, who co-wrote the statement. “There are safe and simple steps families can take to limit children’s exposure to these chemicals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Nigg says even though more robust research is needed, it’s clear that synthetic food coloring is not benign. The good news, he says, is that the behavioral shifts triggered by the chemicals appear to usually last less than a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I think we’ll be surprised in the future that we were so laissez-faire about adding so many synthetic chemicals and thinking they wouldn’t do anything to children’s brains,” said Nigg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The issue is back on the table at the federal and state levels, too. Scientists at the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment are conducting a risk assessment to determine if artificial colors impact neurobehavioral or neurological processes. The agency\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>expects a conclusive report next summer. And, the\u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/advisory-committees/advisory-committee-calendar/october-7-2019-science-board-fda-meeting-announcement-10072019-10072019\"> \u003cspan class=\"s1\">FDA recently\u003c/span>\u003c/a> asked its science board to assess whether new studies warrant another literature review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Both California and federal health officials are probing the link between chemical food dyes and kids' behavior.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848089,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":7,"wordCount":1276},"headData":{"title":"What You Need to Know About the Food Dye in Holiday Treats | KQED","description":"Both California and federal health officials are probing the link between chemical food dyes and kids' behavior.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"What You Need to Know About the Food Dye in Holiday Treats","datePublished":"2019-12-02T15:48:57.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:54:49.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Food","sticky":false,"audioTrackLength":311,"path":"/science/1949617/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-food-dye-in-holiday-treats","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2019/12/McClurgFoodDyes.mp3","audioDuration":311000,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Unlike most kids, Alex Bevans scrutinizes the ingredient list before he eats anything. In the candy aisle of a grocery store in Carson City, Nevada, the 14-year-old scowls as he reads the label on a bag of lollipops,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Get this,” Alex said. “It has Red 40, Red 3, Yellow 5, Blue 1, Blue 2, Yellow 5, and Yellow 6.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">His mom, Rebecca, reached for the bag then gave her assessment: “Yeah, that’s completely toxic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Each pigment affects Alex differently, Rebecca said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“So red … he can’t pay attention and he’s impulsive. Green makes him manic. Blue makes him grumpy and tired. Yellow is the worst. He’s explosive and it leads to suicidal ideation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Alex is not alone in these types of reactions, says Lisa Lefferts, a senior scientist for the Center for Science in the Public Interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“We’ve been contacted by over 2,000 families reporting their experiences with food dyes,” she said. “The parents say that when their child is off of dyes they’re just lovely children. On dyes they’re like a completely different person.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949742\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1949742\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fooddyes_004-800x577.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"577\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fooddyes_004-800x577.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fooddyes_004-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fooddyes_004-768x554.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fooddyes_004-1020x736.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fooddyes_004-1200x866.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fooddyes_004.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Surprising foods containing chemical food coloring like microwave popcorn, cough medicine, peanut butter and beef jerky. \u003ccite>(Lindsey Moore/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>European Protections\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Lefferts is lobbying the Food and Drug Administration to follow Europe’s example on dyes: The E.U. requires manufacturers to add a warning label to foods with artificial coloring that says they “may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Most European companies avoid the label by switching to natural dyes like beet juice and Spirulina extract. A few American companies have followed suit. Kraft Macaroni and Cheese now uses turmeric and paprika to turn its noodles bright yellow. But substitutions like these aren’t widespread in the U.S, because natural dyes are more expensive and less stable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The FDA has approved nine colors for use in processed food and other products like sunscreen, cough syrup and pills. The synthetic additives are made from petroleum and are contained in at least 90% of candies, fruit-flavored snacks, and drink mixes\u003cspan class=\"s2\"> marketed to kids\u003c/span>. It’s also in \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0009922816651621\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">40% of all food products \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">designed for children. \u003c/span>The agency has determined there’s not enough evidence to support adding a warning label to these products, and in 2011, after reviewing 35 years of research, it declined to impose any new regulations on manufacturers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/color-additives-questions-and-answers-consumers\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">FDA website\u003c/span>\u003c/a> currently says, “The totality of scientific evidence indicates that most children have no adverse effects when consuming foods containing color additives, but some evidence suggests that certain children may be sensitive to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Shaky or Sound Science?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joel Nigg, psychologist and researcher\u003cspan style=\"color: red;\"> \u003c/span>at Oregon Health and Science University, followed up on the FDA probe with a comprehensive \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4321798/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">review\u003c/a>, published in 2015, of all the human clinical trials related to synthetic color additives. The article concluded that restricting the chemicals for some kids with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder does have a notable effect, but he agrees that the evidence is on the weak side because it relies on dated, often small studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>“One can question whether [the underlying studies] are convincing,” Nigg said. “But they do show a causal effect if taken at face value.”\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>A 2007 human clinical trial known as the Southampton \u003ca href=\"http://www.cspinet.org/new/pdf/mccann.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study \u003c/a>is often highlighted in the debate. British researchers gave kids beverages with synthetic food coloring in opaque containers. Afterwards, observers noted an increase in child hyperactivity. This replicated a prior similar study. But skeptics have noted that not all the dyes were FDA approved. Plus the behavioral changes were not as noticeable for teachers and independent people as for parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"color: red;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: black;\">Nigg and colleagues estimate that 5-10% of kids with ADHD may be sensitive to synthetic food coloring. That’s tens of thousands of children who could be exposed to a preventable influence on their ADHD. \u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Worst-Case Scenario\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">But for Rebecca, all the evidence she needed was right there in her son. She remembered the moment she began connecting Alex’s diet to strange behavior. He was in second grade and complained he couldn’t focus because his brain was buzzing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“It’s like if you played a decibel machine and you just kept turning the tone and the sound up,” Alex said. “It just got really ear-piercing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Then there were the meltdowns. Several times or more a day, small frustrations resulted in crying fits. “It was like I was trapped by myself and I couldn’t escape the feelings,” Alex said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Rebecca shuddered as she recounted an episode when Alex was seven. He was shredding his clothes and scratching himself on his bed. “He looked at me and said, ‘Please get me a knife. I want to kill myself. I don’t want to live like this anymore.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The family doctor had no clear answers for her, so Rebecca turned to the internet. She began cutting things out of Alex’s diet like dairy, gluten, eggs, sugar, corn syrup and preservatives. The family tried behavioral then cognitive behavioral therapy. Nothing worked. Finally, one night Rebecca stumbled across a teenager’s blog post about an extreme reaction to red food coloring. Rebecca wondered if that was why Alex struggled with erratic mood swings. She decided to cut dyes out of Alex’s diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">At first, Alex crashed like a detoxing addict. He could hardly get out of bed, and his body was sore to the touch. But within days, both the suicidal thoughts and the tantrums disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“It completely changed who I was,” he said. “I could finally focus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dramatic change inspired Rebecca to share her family’s story in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQzOHAwCfXs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">TEDX talk\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bevans hoped Alex would grow out of his sensitivity, but seven years later he continues to experience negative reactions every time he accidentally eats something with chemical food coloring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Back on the Table\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The American Academy of Pediatrics said in a 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/142/2/e20181408\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">policy statement\u003c/a> that “artificial food colors may be associated with exacerbation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> “The AAP has concerns about the limited safety testing available on chemicals intentionally and unintentionally added to foods, including food dyes,” said Dr. Leonardo Trasande, who co-wrote the statement. “There are safe and simple steps families can take to limit children’s exposure to these chemicals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Nigg says even though more robust research is needed, it’s clear that synthetic food coloring is not benign. The good news, he says, is that the behavioral shifts triggered by the chemicals appear to usually last less than a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I think we’ll be surprised in the future that we were so laissez-faire about adding so many synthetic chemicals and thinking they wouldn’t do anything to children’s brains,” said Nigg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The issue is back on the table at the federal and state levels, too. Scientists at the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment are conducting a risk assessment to determine if artificial colors impact neurobehavioral or neurological processes. The agency\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>expects a conclusive report next summer. And, the\u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/advisory-committees/advisory-committee-calendar/october-7-2019-science-board-fda-meeting-announcement-10072019-10072019\"> \u003cspan class=\"s1\">FDA recently\u003c/span>\u003c/a> asked its science board to assess whether new studies warrant another literature review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1949617/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-food-dye-in-holiday-treats","authors":["11229"],"categories":["science_40","science_3423"],"tags":["science_1191","science_3370","science_381"],"featImg":"science_1949646","label":"source_science_1949617"},"science_1932885":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1932885","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1932885","score":null,"sort":[1539706574000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"jurors-to-san-francisco-judge-dont-throw-out-our-monsanto-verdict","title":"Jurors To San Francisco Judge: Don’t Throw Out Our Monsanto Verdict","publishDate":1539706574,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Jurors To San Francisco Judge: Don’t Throw Out Our Monsanto Verdict | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Jurors who found that agribusiness giant Monsanto’s Roundup weed killer contributed to a school groundskeeper’s cancer are urging a San Francisco judge not to throw out the bulk of their $289 million award in his favor, a newspaper reported Monday.[contextly_sidebar id=”EKosTPJ32MCtohsYwZ7BRPRkfvGZJpxC”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juror Gary Kitahata told Judge Suzanne Bolanos in a letter that the jury was convinced by the evidence, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Monsanto-case-Jurors-urge-judge-not-to-overturn-13309317.php?src=hp_totn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I urge you to respect and honor our verdict and the six weeks of our lives that we dedicated to this trial,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juror Robert Howard wrote to the judge that the jury had paid “studious attention” to the evidence and any decision to overturn its verdict would shake his confidence in the judicial system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bolanos said last week she is inclined to throw out $250 million in punitive damages in favor of DeWayne Johnson. She is also considering dramatically reducing the remaining award. Her final decision is due by Oct. 22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto, which was acquired by Bayer AG in June, has asked the judge to override the jury’s decision and enter judgment in its favor or order a new trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bayer AG in a statement on Monday thanked the jury for its “important public service,” but said the “post-trial motions in the Johnson case raise issues of law that are properly addressed by Judge Bolanos.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson sprayed Roundup and a similar product, Ranger Pro, at his job as a pest control manager at a San Francisco Bay Area school district, according to his attorneys. He was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in 2014 at age 42.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His lawsuit is among hundreds alleging Roundup caused cancer, but it was the first one to go to trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many government regulators have rejected a link between glyphosate — the active ingredient in Roundup — and cancer. Monsanto has vehemently denied such a connection, saying hundreds of studies have established that glyphosate is safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jury in August determined that Monsanto should have provided a label warning of a potential health hazard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chicago.suntimes.com/news/dewayne-johnson-jury-289m-roundup-cancer-suit-court/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">In a tentative order last week\u003c/a>, Bolanos said Johnson’s attorneys had failed to show Monsanto acted with “malice or oppression” — a prerequisite for punitive damages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howard told the Chronicle testimony at trial showed there were “serious questions” about the safety of Roundup when the company gave it to Johnson’s employer.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Jurors who found that agribusiness giant Monsanto's Roundup weed killer contributed to a school groundskeeper's cancer are urging a San Francisco judge not to throw out the bulk of their $289 million award.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927390,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":420},"headData":{"title":"Jurors To San Francisco Judge: Don’t Throw Out Our Monsanto Verdict | KQED","description":"Jurors who found that agribusiness giant Monsanto's Roundup weed killer contributed to a school groundskeeper's cancer are urging a San Francisco judge not to throw out the bulk of their $289 million award.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Jurors To San Francisco Judge: Don’t Throw Out Our Monsanto Verdict","datePublished":"2018-10-16T16:16:14.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T22:56:30.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Environment","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Seth Borenstein\u003cbr />The Associated Press","path":"/science/1932885/jurors-to-san-francisco-judge-dont-throw-out-our-monsanto-verdict","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Jurors who found that agribusiness giant Monsanto’s Roundup weed killer contributed to a school groundskeeper’s cancer are urging a San Francisco judge not to throw out the bulk of their $289 million award in his favor, a newspaper reported Monday.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juror Gary Kitahata told Judge Suzanne Bolanos in a letter that the jury was convinced by the evidence, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Monsanto-case-Jurors-urge-judge-not-to-overturn-13309317.php?src=hp_totn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I urge you to respect and honor our verdict and the six weeks of our lives that we dedicated to this trial,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juror Robert Howard wrote to the judge that the jury had paid “studious attention” to the evidence and any decision to overturn its verdict would shake his confidence in the judicial system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bolanos said last week she is inclined to throw out $250 million in punitive damages in favor of DeWayne Johnson. She is also considering dramatically reducing the remaining award. Her final decision is due by Oct. 22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto, which was acquired by Bayer AG in June, has asked the judge to override the jury’s decision and enter judgment in its favor or order a new trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bayer AG in a statement on Monday thanked the jury for its “important public service,” but said the “post-trial motions in the Johnson case raise issues of law that are properly addressed by Judge Bolanos.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson sprayed Roundup and a similar product, Ranger Pro, at his job as a pest control manager at a San Francisco Bay Area school district, according to his attorneys. He was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in 2014 at age 42.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His lawsuit is among hundreds alleging Roundup caused cancer, but it was the first one to go to trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many government regulators have rejected a link between glyphosate — the active ingredient in Roundup — and cancer. Monsanto has vehemently denied such a connection, saying hundreds of studies have established that glyphosate is safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jury in August determined that Monsanto should have provided a label warning of a potential health hazard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chicago.suntimes.com/news/dewayne-johnson-jury-289m-roundup-cancer-suit-court/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">In a tentative order last week\u003c/a>, Bolanos said Johnson’s attorneys had failed to show Monsanto acted with “malice or oppression” — a prerequisite for punitive damages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howard told the Chronicle testimony at trial showed there were “serious questions” about the safety of Roundup when the company gave it to Johnson’s employer.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1932885/jurors-to-san-francisco-judge-dont-throw-out-our-monsanto-verdict","authors":["byline_science_1932885"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_39"],"tags":["science_374","science_1191","science_192","science_5198"],"featImg":"science_1932888","label":"source_science_1932885"},"science_1932598":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1932598","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1932598","score":null,"sort":[1539185779000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"monsanto-to-challenge-jurys-289m-verdict-in-cancer-case","title":"Landmark Monsanto Cancer Ruling Remains in Limbo","publishDate":1539185779,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Landmark Monsanto Cancer Ruling Remains in Limbo | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>UPDATE: A judge is still deciding on whether to uphold a jury’s $289 million judgment against agribusiness giant Monsanto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Superior Court Judge Suzanne Bolanos ended a two-hour hearing without making a formal ruling. Earlier in the day, she issued a tentative ruling saying she intended to toss out the jury’s $250 million punitive damage award and schedule a new trial on that issue. The judge also suggested she may reduce the rest of the award by $31 million if she upholds the jury’s decision that Monsanto’s weed-killer caused DeWayne Johnson’s cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge ordered lawyers to submit written legal arguments by Friday and will formally rule later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bolanos wrote plaintiff DeWayne Johnson, of Vallejo, failed to produce “clear and convincing evidence of malice or oppression” by Monsanto. She wrote that he did not provide any evidence that Monsanto employees believed that exposure to the product caused his lymphoma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto had argued ahead of the hearing that Johnson failed to prove that Roundup or similar herbicides caused his lymphoma, and presented no evidence that Monsanto executives were malicious in marketing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators around the world have concluded on “multiple occasions” that the active ingredient in Roundup — glyphosate — is not a human carcinogen, the attorneys said in court documents. They called the jury verdict “extraordinary” and said it requires “exceptional scrutiny.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[documentcloud url=”https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5000279-Johnson-vs-Monsanto-10-10-2018-Tentative-Ruling.html#document/p1”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson’s attorneys responded in court documents that the jury was well-educated and attentive. The evidence at trial was “more than sufficient to support an inference” that Johnson’s cancer was caused by his exposure to Monsanto’s herbicides, the attorneys said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mr. Johnson’s story is tragic and could have been prevented if Monsanto actually showed a modicum of care about human safety,” they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson’s lawsuit is among hundreds alleging Roundup caused cancer, but it was the first one to go to trial. The jury in August determined that Roundup contributed to Johnson’s cancer, and Monsanto should have provided a label warning of a potential health hazard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]It awarded Johnson $39 million in compensatory damages and $250 million in punitive damages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson sprayed Roundup and a similar product, Ranger Pro, at his job as a pest control manager at a San Francisco Bay Area school district, according to his attorneys. He was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in 2014 at age 42.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many government regulators have rejected a link between glyphosate and cancer. Monsanto has vehemently denied such a connection, saying hundreds of studies have established that glyphosate is safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The judge says plaintiff DeWayne Johnson failed to produce \"clear and convincing evidence of malice or oppression\" by Monsanto.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927409,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":458},"headData":{"title":"Landmark Monsanto Cancer Ruling Remains in Limbo | KQED","description":"The judge says plaintiff DeWayne Johnson failed to produce "clear and convincing evidence of malice or oppression" by Monsanto.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Landmark Monsanto Cancer Ruling Remains in Limbo","datePublished":"2018-10-10T15:36:19.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T22:56:49.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"The Associated Press","path":"/science/1932598/monsanto-to-challenge-jurys-289m-verdict-in-cancer-case","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>UPDATE: A judge is still deciding on whether to uphold a jury’s $289 million judgment against agribusiness giant Monsanto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Superior Court Judge Suzanne Bolanos ended a two-hour hearing without making a formal ruling. Earlier in the day, she issued a tentative ruling saying she intended to toss out the jury’s $250 million punitive damage award and schedule a new trial on that issue. The judge also suggested she may reduce the rest of the award by $31 million if she upholds the jury’s decision that Monsanto’s weed-killer caused DeWayne Johnson’s cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge ordered lawyers to submit written legal arguments by Friday and will formally rule later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bolanos wrote plaintiff DeWayne Johnson, of Vallejo, failed to produce “clear and convincing evidence of malice or oppression” by Monsanto. She wrote that he did not provide any evidence that Monsanto employees believed that exposure to the product caused his lymphoma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto had argued ahead of the hearing that Johnson failed to prove that Roundup or similar herbicides caused his lymphoma, and presented no evidence that Monsanto executives were malicious in marketing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators around the world have concluded on “multiple occasions” that the active ingredient in Roundup — glyphosate — is not a human carcinogen, the attorneys said in court documents. They called the jury verdict “extraordinary” and said it requires “exceptional scrutiny.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"documentcloud","attributes":{"named":{"url":"”https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5000279-Johnson-vs-Monsanto-10-10-2018-Tentative-Ruling.html#document/p1”","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson’s attorneys responded in court documents that the jury was well-educated and attentive. The evidence at trial was “more than sufficient to support an inference” that Johnson’s cancer was caused by his exposure to Monsanto’s herbicides, the attorneys said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mr. Johnson’s story is tragic and could have been prevented if Monsanto actually showed a modicum of care about human safety,” they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson’s lawsuit is among hundreds alleging Roundup caused cancer, but it was the first one to go to trial. The jury in August determined that Roundup contributed to Johnson’s cancer, and Monsanto should have provided a label warning of a potential health hazard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>It awarded Johnson $39 million in compensatory damages and $250 million in punitive damages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson sprayed Roundup and a similar product, Ranger Pro, at his job as a pest control manager at a San Francisco Bay Area school district, according to his attorneys. He was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in 2014 at age 42.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many government regulators have rejected a link between glyphosate and cancer. Monsanto has vehemently denied such a connection, saying hundreds of studies have established that glyphosate is safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1932598/monsanto-to-challenge-jurys-289m-verdict-in-cancer-case","authors":["byline_science_1932598"],"categories":["science_35","science_39","science_40"],"tags":["science_374","science_1191","science_5198"],"featImg":"science_1932606","label":"science"},"science_1926961":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1926961","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1926961","score":null,"sort":[1530899981000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"health-advisory-lifted-for-martinez-pacheco-after-shell-refinery-shutdown","title":"Health Advisory Lifted for Martinez, Pacheco After Shell Refinery 'Shutdown'","publishDate":1530899981,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Health Advisory Lifted for Martinez, Pacheco After Shell Refinery ‘Shutdown’ | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>A public health advisory issued early Friday morning for residents of Martinez and Pacheco has been lifted following a “flaring incident” at the local Shell Refinery, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The advisory warned about “a potential for odors” that could impact those with respiratory conditions. Residents who experience eye, skin, nose or throat irritation were advised to go indoors and rinse out the irritated area of their body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Community Warning System, operated by the Contra Costa County Sheriff’s Office, issued the alert around 5:45 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no further concern for people with sensitivities in the area and all normal activities can be resumed, “\u003ca href=\"http://www.cocosheriff.org/bureaus/support_services/community_warning.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the sheriff’s office said\u003c/a> on their site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell spokeswoman Kristin Marczak, who spoke with \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Shell-refinery-in-Martinez-has-unplanned-13053834.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Gate\u003c/a>, compared the incident to a “ car running and you have an unplanned shutdown of that car. We have a number of units within the plant that operate and one of those units had kind of an unplanned shutdown.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Shell described the incident as a “unit upset” but did not provide specifics.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"An unspecified incident at the Shell refinery caused officials to issue a health advisory for residents of Martinez and Pacheco.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927729,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":193},"headData":{"title":"Health Advisory Lifted for Martinez, Pacheco After Shell Refinery 'Shutdown' | KQED","description":"An unspecified incident at the Shell refinery caused officials to issue a health advisory for residents of Martinez and Pacheco.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Health Advisory Lifted for Martinez, Pacheco After Shell Refinery 'Shutdown'","datePublished":"2018-07-06T17:59:41.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:02:09.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Health","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1926961/health-advisory-lifted-for-martinez-pacheco-after-shell-refinery-shutdown","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A public health advisory issued early Friday morning for residents of Martinez and Pacheco has been lifted following a “flaring incident” at the local Shell Refinery, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The advisory warned about “a potential for odors” that could impact those with respiratory conditions. Residents who experience eye, skin, nose or throat irritation were advised to go indoors and rinse out the irritated area of their body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Community Warning System, operated by the Contra Costa County Sheriff’s Office, issued the alert around 5:45 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no further concern for people with sensitivities in the area and all normal activities can be resumed, “\u003ca href=\"http://www.cocosheriff.org/bureaus/support_services/community_warning.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the sheriff’s office said\u003c/a> on their site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell spokeswoman Kristin Marczak, who spoke with \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Shell-refinery-in-Martinez-has-unplanned-13053834.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Gate\u003c/a>, compared the incident to a “ car running and you have an unplanned shutdown of that car. We have a number of units within the plant that operate and one of those units had kind of an unplanned shutdown.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Shell described the incident as a “unit upset” but did not provide specifics.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1926961/health-advisory-lifted-for-martinez-pacheco-after-shell-refinery-shutdown","authors":["11428"],"categories":["science_35","science_37","science_39","science_40"],"tags":["science_1191","science_5181","science_952"],"featImg":"science_1926969","label":"source_science_1926961"},"science_1926167":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1926167","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1926167","score":null,"sort":[1529539130000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"report-finds-industrial-chemicals-in-public-water-supply-more-toxic-than-thought","title":"Report Finds Industrial Chemicals in Water Supply More Toxic Than Thought","publishDate":1529539130,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Report Finds Industrial Chemicals in Water Supply More Toxic Than Thought | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>A family of industrial chemicals turning up in public water supplies around the country is even more toxic than previously thought, threatening human health at concentrations seven to 10 times lower than once realized, according to a government report released Wednesday.[contextly_sidebar id=”aqvGWhtLLdNK6U1XV4gfDx1eLFcDQKu7″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chemicals are called perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl. They were used in such goods as fire-suppressing foam, nonstick pans, fast-food wrappers, and stain-resistant fabric and carpet, but are no longer used in U.S. manufacturing. Water sampling has found contamination in water around military bases, factories and other sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exposure at high levels is linked to liver damage, developmental problems and some forms of cancer, among other risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A draft of the report, by the Department of Health and Human Services’ toxicology office, had set off alarms within the Trump administration earlier this year. A January email from a White House official, released under the Freedom of Information Act, referred to the findings as a “potential public relations nightmare.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The draft went under months of government review before Wednesday’s publication, but the key finding — that the chemicals are dangerous at specific levels much lower than previously stated — was not changed.[contextly_sidebar id=”v4zcwzbOTXqHs66iBK4EcM26bHe6ktjS”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA, which scheduled a series of hearings on the chemicals, said last month that it would move toward formally declaring the two most common forms of PFAS as hazardous substances and make recommendations for groundwater cleanup, among other steps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. manufacturers agreed in 2006 to an EPA-crafted deal to stop using one of the most common forms of the chemical in consumer products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings will likely lead state and local water systems with the contaminant to boost filtering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more we test, the more we find,” Olga Naidenko, a science adviser to the Environmental Working Group nonprofit, said Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A draft of the government report had set off alarms within the Trump administration earlier this year. A January email from a White House official referred to the findings as a “potential public relations nightmare.”\r\n\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927781,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":317},"headData":{"title":"Report Finds Industrial Chemicals in Water Supply More Toxic Than Thought | KQED","description":"A draft of the government report had set off alarms within the Trump administration earlier this year. A January email from a White House official referred to the findings as a “potential public relations nightmare.”\r\n\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Report Finds Industrial Chemicals in Water Supply More Toxic Than Thought","datePublished":"2018-06-20T23:58:50.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:03:01.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Environment","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Ellen Knickmeyer\u003cbr />Associated Press","path":"/science/1926167/report-finds-industrial-chemicals-in-public-water-supply-more-toxic-than-thought","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A family of industrial chemicals turning up in public water supplies around the country is even more toxic than previously thought, threatening human health at concentrations seven to 10 times lower than once realized, according to a government report released Wednesday.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chemicals are called perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl. They were used in such goods as fire-suppressing foam, nonstick pans, fast-food wrappers, and stain-resistant fabric and carpet, but are no longer used in U.S. manufacturing. Water sampling has found contamination in water around military bases, factories and other sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exposure at high levels is linked to liver damage, developmental problems and some forms of cancer, among other risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A draft of the report, by the Department of Health and Human Services’ toxicology office, had set off alarms within the Trump administration earlier this year. A January email from a White House official, released under the Freedom of Information Act, referred to the findings as a “potential public relations nightmare.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The draft went under months of government review before Wednesday’s publication, but the key finding — that the chemicals are dangerous at specific levels much lower than previously stated — was not changed.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA, which scheduled a series of hearings on the chemicals, said last month that it would move toward formally declaring the two most common forms of PFAS as hazardous substances and make recommendations for groundwater cleanup, among other steps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. manufacturers agreed in 2006 to an EPA-crafted deal to stop using one of the most common forms of the chemical in consumer products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings will likely lead state and local water systems with the contaminant to boost filtering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more we test, the more we find,” Olga Naidenko, a science adviser to the Environmental Working Group nonprofit, said Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1926167/report-finds-industrial-chemicals-in-public-water-supply-more-toxic-than-thought","authors":["byline_science_1926167"],"categories":["science_35","science_39","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_1191","science_5181","science_110"],"featImg":"science_1926169","label":"source_science_1926167"},"science_1925877":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1925877","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1925877","score":null,"sort":[1529345484000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-moves-to-clear-coffee-of-cancer-risk-stigma","title":"California Moves to Clear Coffee of Cancer-Risk Stigma","publishDate":1529345484,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Moves to Clear Coffee of Cancer-Risk Stigma | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>California officials, having concluded coffee drinking is not a risky pastime, are proposing a regulation that will essentially tell consumers of America’s favorite beverage they can drink up without fear.[contextly_sidebar id=”xaUbuzkfrZWU5MCxZmA78HelblVrTsoj”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unprecedented action Friday by the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment to propose a regulation to clear coffee of the stigma that it could pose a toxic risk followed a review of more than 1,000 studies published this week by the World Health Organization that found inadequate evidence that coffee causes cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state agency implements a law passed by voters in 1986 that requires warnings of chemicals known to cause cancer and birth defects. One of those chemicals is acrylamide, which is found in many things and is a byproduct of coffee roasting and brewing present in every cup of joe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the regulation is adopted, it would be a huge win for the coffee industry which faces potentially massive civil penalties after recently losing an 8-year-old lawsuit in Los Angeles Superior Court that could require scary warnings on all coffee packaging sold in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Elihu Berle found that Starbucks and other coffee roasters and retailers had failed to show that benefits from drinking coffee outweighed any cancer risks. He had previously ruled the companies hadn’t shown the threat from the chemical was insignificant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s action rejects that ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The proposed regulation would state that drinking coffee does not pose a significant cancer risk, despite the presence of chemicals created during the roasting and brewing process that are listed under Proposition 65 as known carcinogens,” the agency said in a statement. “The proposed regulation is based on extensive scientific evidence that drinking coffee has not been shown to increase the risk of cancer and may reduce the risk of some types of cancer.”[contextly_sidebar id=”Eh68QYmFnPH0bH18ZsZ9bsKDZFnQQzh9”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney Raphael Metzger, who won the court case on behalf of The Council for Education and Research on Toxics, said he was shocked the agency would move to nullify the court decision and undermine its own report more than a decade ago that drinking even small amounts of coffee resulted in a significant cancer risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The takeaway is that the state is proposing a rule contrary to its own scientific conclusion. That’s unprecedented and bad,” Metzger said. “The whole thing stinks to high hell.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Coffee Association had no comment on the proposed change. In the past, the organization has said coffee has health benefits and that the lawsuit made a mockery of the state law intended to protect people from toxics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientific evidence on coffee has gone back and forth over many years, but concerns have eased recently about possible dangers, with some studies finding health benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big Coffee didn’t deny that acrylamide was found in the coffee, but argued it was only found at low levels and was outweighed by other benefits such as antioxidants that reduce cancer risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state agency’s action comes about a week after bipartisan bills were introduced in both houses of Congress to require science-based criteria for labels on food and other products. One of the sponsors, Rep. Kurt Schrader, D-Oregon, alluded to the California coffee lawsuit as an example of misleading warnings.[contextly_sidebar id=”23BFzlQuqcfm2ExTZlPQ7OfGNZchWlLQ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we have mandatory cancer warnings on a cup of coffee, something has gone seriously wrong with the process,” Schrader said in a news release. “We now have so many warnings unrelated to the actual health risk posed to consumers, that most people just ignore them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit against Starbucks and 90 companies was brought by the tiny nonprofit under a law that allows private citizens, advocacy groups and attorneys to sue on behalf of the state and collect a portion of civil penalties for failure to provide warnings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act, better known as Proposition 65, requires warning labels for about 900 chemicals known to cause cancer or birth defects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law has been credited with reducing cancer-causing chemicals, but it has been criticized for leading to quick settlement shakedowns and vague warnings that are often ignored.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"If the regulation is adopted, it would be a huge win for the coffee industry, which faces potentially massive civil penalties after recently losing an 8-year-old lawsuit.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927795,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":718},"headData":{"title":"California Moves to Clear Coffee of Cancer-Risk Stigma | KQED","description":"If the regulation is adopted, it would be a huge win for the coffee industry, which faces potentially massive civil penalties after recently losing an 8-year-old lawsuit.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California Moves to Clear Coffee of Cancer-Risk Stigma","datePublished":"2018-06-18T18:11:24.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:03:15.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Health","sticky":false,"nprByline":"The Associated Press","path":"/science/1925877/california-moves-to-clear-coffee-of-cancer-risk-stigma","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California officials, having concluded coffee drinking is not a risky pastime, are proposing a regulation that will essentially tell consumers of America’s favorite beverage they can drink up without fear.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unprecedented action Friday by the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment to propose a regulation to clear coffee of the stigma that it could pose a toxic risk followed a review of more than 1,000 studies published this week by the World Health Organization that found inadequate evidence that coffee causes cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state agency implements a law passed by voters in 1986 that requires warnings of chemicals known to cause cancer and birth defects. One of those chemicals is acrylamide, which is found in many things and is a byproduct of coffee roasting and brewing present in every cup of joe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the regulation is adopted, it would be a huge win for the coffee industry which faces potentially massive civil penalties after recently losing an 8-year-old lawsuit in Los Angeles Superior Court that could require scary warnings on all coffee packaging sold in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Elihu Berle found that Starbucks and other coffee roasters and retailers had failed to show that benefits from drinking coffee outweighed any cancer risks. He had previously ruled the companies hadn’t shown the threat from the chemical was insignificant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s action rejects that ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The proposed regulation would state that drinking coffee does not pose a significant cancer risk, despite the presence of chemicals created during the roasting and brewing process that are listed under Proposition 65 as known carcinogens,” the agency said in a statement. “The proposed regulation is based on extensive scientific evidence that drinking coffee has not been shown to increase the risk of cancer and may reduce the risk of some types of cancer.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney Raphael Metzger, who won the court case on behalf of The Council for Education and Research on Toxics, said he was shocked the agency would move to nullify the court decision and undermine its own report more than a decade ago that drinking even small amounts of coffee resulted in a significant cancer risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The takeaway is that the state is proposing a rule contrary to its own scientific conclusion. That’s unprecedented and bad,” Metzger said. “The whole thing stinks to high hell.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Coffee Association had no comment on the proposed change. In the past, the organization has said coffee has health benefits and that the lawsuit made a mockery of the state law intended to protect people from toxics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientific evidence on coffee has gone back and forth over many years, but concerns have eased recently about possible dangers, with some studies finding health benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big Coffee didn’t deny that acrylamide was found in the coffee, but argued it was only found at low levels and was outweighed by other benefits such as antioxidants that reduce cancer risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state agency’s action comes about a week after bipartisan bills were introduced in both houses of Congress to require science-based criteria for labels on food and other products. One of the sponsors, Rep. Kurt Schrader, D-Oregon, alluded to the California coffee lawsuit as an example of misleading warnings.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we have mandatory cancer warnings on a cup of coffee, something has gone seriously wrong with the process,” Schrader said in a news release. “We now have so many warnings unrelated to the actual health risk posed to consumers, that most people just ignore them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit against Starbucks and 90 companies was brought by the tiny nonprofit under a law that allows private citizens, advocacy groups and attorneys to sue on behalf of the state and collect a portion of civil penalties for failure to provide warnings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act, better known as Proposition 65, requires warning labels for about 900 chemicals known to cause cancer or birth defects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law has been credited with reducing cancer-causing chemicals, but it has been criticized for leading to quick settlement shakedowns and vague warnings that are often ignored.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1925877/california-moves-to-clear-coffee-of-cancer-risk-stigma","authors":["byline_science_1925877"],"categories":["science_4450"],"tags":["science_374","science_1191","science_664","science_5181"],"featImg":"science_1921851","label":"source_science_1925877"},"science_1924679":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1924679","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1924679","score":null,"sort":[1527619210000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"toxic-pesticide-use-rising-at-illegal-california-pot-farms","title":"Toxic Pesticide Use Rising At Illegal California Pot Farms","publishDate":1527619210,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Toxic Pesticide Use Rising At Illegal California Pot Farms | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Researchers and U.S. authorities are finding what they say is an alarming increase in the use of a powerful banned pesticide at illegal marijuana farms hidden on public land in California.[contextly_sidebar id=”tnu2cVSM5BB8RzYTVxghpKA5S3c9Np56″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pesticide residue is showing up in about 30 percent of the plants themselves, researcher Mourad Gabriel told The Associated Press. U.S. and state authorities will announce Tuesday that they will use $2.5 million in federal money to target the illegal grows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers found the highly toxic pesticide Carbofuran at 72 percent of grow sites last year, up from 15 percent in 2012, said Gabriel, executive director and senior ecologist at Integral Ecology Research Center and one of the few researchers studying the ecological impact of illicit grow sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has long allowed medicinal marijuana and legalized recreational pot this year. While U.S. Attorney McGregor Scott will enforce federal laws that ban the drug, he said he is targeting illicit grows on public land with cooperation from California’s attorney general and the state’s National Guard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What is happening here is illegal for all purposes under anybody’s law,” he said in an interview before Tuesday’s announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the illegally grown California pot is destined for Midwestern and Eastern states where it is more profitable, Scott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and other officials toured a remote contaminated grow site last week where piles of trash remained months after 3,000 to 4,000 plants were removed. Officials said they are concerned the chemical residue could wash into a watershed and eventually reach areas where increasingly rare salmon breed.[contextly_sidebar id=”FW9X1D3To0bLIZxA56NHg4xfnlSGhYtY”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A danger before legalization in California was the uncertainty of what was in pot products, but authorities say the rise in Carbofuran use poses an increased danger. Gabriel’s research found that traces of the chemical are showing up in pot but did not attempt to quantify how much was in each sample or its effects on people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chemical is intended for use as an insecticide but is so powerful that a quarter of a teaspoon can kill a 300-pound (136-kilogram) bear, Gabriel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research by Gabriel and colleagues previously showed that the use of pesticides at illegal marijuana farms is poisoning significant numbers of California’s few hundred remaining fishers, a threatened weasel-like mammal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carbofuran can’t legally be used in the United States, and every bottle found at the grow sites since 2012 has been labeled in Spanish, Gabriel said.[contextly_sidebar id=”reP3A7AaJ8yFDOyCLdIlTsHnBvwSMztT”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott said it is being smuggled in from Mexico by drug cartels and laborers hired to clear forestland and replant it with illegal marijuana. Laborers, who must carry the plants, fertilizer, irrigation hose and camping supplies into faraway sites, tell Gabriel that the remoteness is one reason highly toxic Carbofuran is so popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What they are saying to us is this is extremely effective — it takes a little amount to kill a deer or a bear — so we don’t need to bring a lot of it to last a season,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At normal levels, a typical bottle containing less than 1 liter should be diluted with up to 5,000 gallons (18,927 liters) of water, he said. But illegal growers are diluting it with just 3 to 5 gallons (11 to 19 liters) of water to spray plants or using the concentrate directly to kill wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Carbofuran is being smuggled in from Mexico by drug cartels and laborers hired to clear forestland and replant it with illegal marijuana.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927876,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":590},"headData":{"title":"Toxic Pesticide Use Rising At Illegal California Pot Farms | KQED","description":"Carbofuran is being smuggled in from Mexico by drug cartels and laborers hired to clear forestland and replant it with illegal marijuana.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Toxic Pesticide Use Rising At Illegal California Pot Farms","datePublished":"2018-05-29T18:40:10.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:04:36.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Environment","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Don Thompson\u003cbr />The Associated Press","path":"/science/1924679/toxic-pesticide-use-rising-at-illegal-california-pot-farms","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Researchers and U.S. authorities are finding what they say is an alarming increase in the use of a powerful banned pesticide at illegal marijuana farms hidden on public land in California.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pesticide residue is showing up in about 30 percent of the plants themselves, researcher Mourad Gabriel told The Associated Press. U.S. and state authorities will announce Tuesday that they will use $2.5 million in federal money to target the illegal grows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers found the highly toxic pesticide Carbofuran at 72 percent of grow sites last year, up from 15 percent in 2012, said Gabriel, executive director and senior ecologist at Integral Ecology Research Center and one of the few researchers studying the ecological impact of illicit grow sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has long allowed medicinal marijuana and legalized recreational pot this year. While U.S. Attorney McGregor Scott will enforce federal laws that ban the drug, he said he is targeting illicit grows on public land with cooperation from California’s attorney general and the state’s National Guard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What is happening here is illegal for all purposes under anybody’s law,” he said in an interview before Tuesday’s announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the illegally grown California pot is destined for Midwestern and Eastern states where it is more profitable, Scott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and other officials toured a remote contaminated grow site last week where piles of trash remained months after 3,000 to 4,000 plants were removed. Officials said they are concerned the chemical residue could wash into a watershed and eventually reach areas where increasingly rare salmon breed.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A danger before legalization in California was the uncertainty of what was in pot products, but authorities say the rise in Carbofuran use poses an increased danger. Gabriel’s research found that traces of the chemical are showing up in pot but did not attempt to quantify how much was in each sample or its effects on people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chemical is intended for use as an insecticide but is so powerful that a quarter of a teaspoon can kill a 300-pound (136-kilogram) bear, Gabriel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research by Gabriel and colleagues previously showed that the use of pesticides at illegal marijuana farms is poisoning significant numbers of California’s few hundred remaining fishers, a threatened weasel-like mammal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carbofuran can’t legally be used in the United States, and every bottle found at the grow sites since 2012 has been labeled in Spanish, Gabriel said.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott said it is being smuggled in from Mexico by drug cartels and laborers hired to clear forestland and replant it with illegal marijuana. Laborers, who must carry the plants, fertilizer, irrigation hose and camping supplies into faraway sites, tell Gabriel that the remoteness is one reason highly toxic Carbofuran is so popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What they are saying to us is this is extremely effective — it takes a little amount to kill a deer or a bear — so we don’t need to bring a lot of it to last a season,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At normal levels, a typical bottle containing less than 1 liter should be diluted with up to 5,000 gallons (18,927 liters) of water, he said. But illegal growers are diluting it with just 3 to 5 gallons (11 to 19 liters) of water to spray plants or using the concentrate directly to kill wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1924679/toxic-pesticide-use-rising-at-illegal-california-pot-farms","authors":["byline_science_1924679"],"categories":["science_35","science_39","science_40"],"tags":["science_1191","science_192","science_2833","science_2824","science_554"],"featImg":"science_1924682","label":"source_science_1924679"},"science_1923987":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1923987","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1923987","score":null,"sort":[1526657668000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"emissions-of-banned-ozone-eating-chemical-somehow-are-rising","title":"Emissions of Banned Ozone-Eating Chemical Are Somehow Rising","publishDate":1526657668,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Emissions of Banned Ozone-Eating Chemical Are Somehow Rising | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Something strange is happening with a now-banned chemical that eats away at Earth’s protective ozone layer: Scientists say there’s more of it — not less — going into the atmosphere and they don’t know where it is coming from.[contextly_sidebar id=”ZuKSbg4FpAN0pU3VtJrjRng5Ri2Iv9Wp”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a hole in the ozone formed over Antarctica, countries around the world in 1987 agreed to phase out several types of ozone-depleting chemicals called \u003ca href=\"https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/hats/about/cfc.html\">chlorofluorocarbons\u003c/a> (CFCs). Production was banned, emissions fell and the hole slowly shrank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But starting in 2013, emissions of the second most common kind started rising, according to a study in Wednesday’s journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/\">Nature\u003c/a> . The chemical, called CFC11, was used for making foam, degreasing stains and for refrigeration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the most surprising and unexpected observation I’ve made in my 27 years” of measurements, said study lead author Stephen Montzka, a research chemist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Emissions today are about the same as it was nearly 20 years ago,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Countries have reported close to zero production of the chemical since 2006 but the study found about 14,300 tons (13,000 metric tons) a year has been released since 2013. Some seeps out of foam and buildings and machines, but scientists say what they’re seeing is much more than that.[contextly_sidebar id=”gTHE9U1Mye9bIZCzAQyKx8vJCwq51Tbh”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rogue Production\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMeasurements from a dozen monitors around the world suggest the emissions are coming from somewhere around China, Mongolia and the Koreas, according to the study. The chemical can be a byproduct in other chemical manufacturing, but it is supposed to be captured and recycled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either someone’s making the banned compound or it’s sloppy byproducts that haven’t been reported as required, Montzka said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An outside expert, Ross Salawitch, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Maryland, is less diplomatic. He calls it “rogue production,” adding that if it continues “the recovery of the ozone layer would be threatened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High in the atmosphere, ozone shields Earth from ultraviolet rays that cause skin cancer, crop damage and other problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nature removes 2 percent of the CFC11 out of the air each year, so concentrations of the chemical in the atmosphere are still falling, but at a slower rate because of the new emissions, Montzka said. The chemical stays in the air for about 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press Health & Science Department receives \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/2G0n9w6\">support\u003c/a> from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The chemical, called CFC11, was used for making foam, degreasing stains and for refrigeration. Scientists say emissions of this banned chemical are about the same as nearly 20 years ago.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927909,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":449},"headData":{"title":"Emissions of Banned Ozone-Eating Chemical Are Somehow Rising | KQED","description":"The chemical, called CFC11, was used for making foam, degreasing stains and for refrigeration. Scientists say emissions of this banned chemical are about the same as nearly 20 years ago.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Emissions of Banned Ozone-Eating Chemical Are Somehow Rising","datePublished":"2018-05-18T15:34:28.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:05:09.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Climate","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Seth Borenstein\u003cbr />The Associated Press","path":"/science/1923987/emissions-of-banned-ozone-eating-chemical-somehow-are-rising","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Something strange is happening with a now-banned chemical that eats away at Earth’s protective ozone layer: Scientists say there’s more of it — not less — going into the atmosphere and they don’t know where it is coming from.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a hole in the ozone formed over Antarctica, countries around the world in 1987 agreed to phase out several types of ozone-depleting chemicals called \u003ca href=\"https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/hats/about/cfc.html\">chlorofluorocarbons\u003c/a> (CFCs). Production was banned, emissions fell and the hole slowly shrank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But starting in 2013, emissions of the second most common kind started rising, according to a study in Wednesday’s journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/\">Nature\u003c/a> . The chemical, called CFC11, was used for making foam, degreasing stains and for refrigeration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the most surprising and unexpected observation I’ve made in my 27 years” of measurements, said study lead author Stephen Montzka, a research chemist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Emissions today are about the same as it was nearly 20 years ago,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Countries have reported close to zero production of the chemical since 2006 but the study found about 14,300 tons (13,000 metric tons) a year has been released since 2013. Some seeps out of foam and buildings and machines, but scientists say what they’re seeing is much more than that.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rogue Production\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMeasurements from a dozen monitors around the world suggest the emissions are coming from somewhere around China, Mongolia and the Koreas, according to the study. The chemical can be a byproduct in other chemical manufacturing, but it is supposed to be captured and recycled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either someone’s making the banned compound or it’s sloppy byproducts that haven’t been reported as required, Montzka said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An outside expert, Ross Salawitch, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Maryland, is less diplomatic. He calls it “rogue production,” adding that if it continues “the recovery of the ozone layer would be threatened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High in the atmosphere, ozone shields Earth from ultraviolet rays that cause skin cancer, crop damage and other problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nature removes 2 percent of the CFC11 out of the air each year, so concentrations of the chemical in the atmosphere are still falling, but at a slower rate because of the new emissions, Montzka said. The chemical stays in the air for about 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press Health & Science Department receives \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/2G0n9w6\">support\u003c/a> from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1923987/emissions-of-banned-ozone-eating-chemical-somehow-are-rising","authors":["byline_science_1923987"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_505","science_1191","science_194","science_192"],"featImg":"science_1924015","label":"source_science_1923987"},"science_1921948":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1921948","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1921948","score":null,"sort":[1522685006000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"science-says-what-we-know-about-cancer-risk-and-coffee","title":"Science Says: What We Know About Cancer Risk and Coffee","publishDate":1522685006,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Science Says: What We Know About Cancer Risk and Coffee | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Trouble is brewing for coffee lovers in California, where \u003ca href=\".kqed.org/science/1921850/california-judge-coffee-needs-cancer-warnings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a judge ruled that sellers\u003c/a> must post scary warnings about cancer risks. But how frightened should we be of a daily cup of joe? Not very, some scientists and available evidence seem to suggest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientific concerns about coffee have eased in recent years, and many \u003ca href=\"https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-study-finds-coffee-drinkers-have-lower-risk-death\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">studies\u003c/a> even suggest it can help health.[contextly_sidebar id=”fhwkLqW2VJvTZj61NKZfRVvIksjj1YTf”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the minimum, coffee is neutral. If anything, there is fairly good evidence of the benefit of coffee on cancer,” said Dr. Edward Giovannucci, a nutrition expert at the Harvard School of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The World Health Organization’s cancer agency moved coffee off the “possible carcinogen” \u003ca href=\"https://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2016/pdfs/pr244_E.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list\u003c/a> two years ago, though it says evidence is insufficient to rule out any possible role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current flap isn’t about coffee itself, but a chemical called \u003ca href=\"https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/assets/docs_a_e/acrylamide_508.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">acrylamide\u003c/a> (ah-KRILL-ah-mide) that’s made when the beans are roasted. Government agencies call it a probable or likely carcinogen, based on animal research, and a group sued to require coffee sellers to warn of that under a California \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/about-proposition-65\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">law\u003c/a> passed by voters in 1986.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem: No one knows what levels are safe or risky for people. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sets acrylamide limits for drinking water, but there aren’t any for food.[contextly_sidebar id=”QCYdnQUjIDkg7KaYYCechX3b77fUWTNy”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A cup of coffee a day, exposure probably is not that high,” and probably should not change your habit, said Dr. Bruce Y. Lee of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. “If you drink a lot of cups a day, this is one of the reasons you might consider cutting that down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what’s known about the risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Chemical\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nStart with the biggest known risk factor for cancer — smoking — which generates \u003ca href=\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/acrylamide-fact-sheet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">acrylamide\u003c/a> . In the diet, French fries, potato chips, crackers, cookies, cereal and other high-carbohydrate foods contain it as a byproduct of roasting, baking, toasting or frying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Food and Drug Administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodborneIllnessContaminants/ChemicalContaminants/ucm053549.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tests\u003c/a> of acrylamide levels found they ranged from 175 to 351 parts per billion (a measure of concentration for a contaminant) for six brands of coffee tested; the highest was for one type of decaf coffee crystals. By comparison, French fries at one fast food chain ranged from 117 to 313 parts per billion, depending on the location tested. Some commercial fries had more than 1,000.[contextly_sidebar id=”dC2gyMVpcgQvvg28hRoQyCZeHVOF9OGX”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even some baby foods contain acrylamide, such as teething biscuits and crackers. One brand of organic sweet potatoes tested as having 121 parts per billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s the Risk?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>The “probable” or “likely” carcinogen label is based on studies of animals given high levels of acrylamide in drinking water. But people and rodents absorb the chemical at different rates and metabolize it differently, so its relevance to human health is unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of 23 scientists convened by the WHO’s cancer agency in 2016 looked at coffee — not acrylamide directly — and \u003ca href=\"https://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/iarcnews/2016/DebunkMyth.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">decided\u003c/a> coffee was unlikely to cause breast, prostate or pancreatic cancer, and that it seemed to lower the risks for liver and uterine cancers. Evidence was inadequate to determine its effect on dozens of other cancer types.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The California Law\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSince 1986, businesses have been required to post warnings about chemicals known to cause cancer or other health risks — more than 900 substances are on the state’s list today — but what’s a “significant” risk is arguable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coffee sellers and other defendants in the lawsuit that spurred Thursday’s ruling have a couple weeks to challenge it or appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law “has potential to do much more harm than good to public health,” by confusing people into thinking risks from something like coffee are similar to those from smoking, Giovannucci said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The International Food Information Council and Foundation, an organization funded mostly by the food and beverage industry, says the law is confusing the public because it doesn’t note levels of risk, and adds that U.S. dietary guidelines say up to five cups of coffee a day can be part of a healthy diet.[contextly_sidebar id=”fE3v7Cn5MLcbvitroBXFRpPTh0iSbNI8″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Otis Brawley, the American Cancer Society’s chief medical officer, said, “The issue here is dose, and the amount of acrylamide that would be included in coffee, which is really very small, compared to the amount from smoking tobacco. I don’t think we should be worried about a cup of coffee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amy Trenton-Dietz, public health specialist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, said the California ruling contrasts with what science shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Studies in humans suggest that if anything, coffee is protective for some types of cancer,” she said. “As long as people are not putting a lot of sugar or sweeteners in, coffee, tea and water are the best things for people to be drinking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This Associated Press \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/tag/ScienceSays\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">series\u003c/a> was produced in \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/2G0n9w6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">partnership\u003c/a> with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all contentchemic\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"How frightened should we be of a daily cup of joe? Here’s what’s known about the risks.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928050,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":896},"headData":{"title":"Science Says: What We Know About Cancer Risk and Coffee | KQED","description":"How frightened should we be of a daily cup of joe? Here’s what’s known about the risks.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Science Says: What We Know About Cancer Risk and Coffee","datePublished":"2018-04-02T16:03:26.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:07:30.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Health","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Marilynn Marchione\u003cbr />Associated Press","path":"/science/1921948/science-says-what-we-know-about-cancer-risk-and-coffee","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Trouble is brewing for coffee lovers in California, where \u003ca href=\".kqed.org/science/1921850/california-judge-coffee-needs-cancer-warnings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a judge ruled that sellers\u003c/a> must post scary warnings about cancer risks. But how frightened should we be of a daily cup of joe? Not very, some scientists and available evidence seem to suggest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientific concerns about coffee have eased in recent years, and many \u003ca href=\"https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-study-finds-coffee-drinkers-have-lower-risk-death\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">studies\u003c/a> even suggest it can help health.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the minimum, coffee is neutral. If anything, there is fairly good evidence of the benefit of coffee on cancer,” said Dr. Edward Giovannucci, a nutrition expert at the Harvard School of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The World Health Organization’s cancer agency moved coffee off the “possible carcinogen” \u003ca href=\"https://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2016/pdfs/pr244_E.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list\u003c/a> two years ago, though it says evidence is insufficient to rule out any possible role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current flap isn’t about coffee itself, but a chemical called \u003ca href=\"https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/assets/docs_a_e/acrylamide_508.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">acrylamide\u003c/a> (ah-KRILL-ah-mide) that’s made when the beans are roasted. Government agencies call it a probable or likely carcinogen, based on animal research, and a group sued to require coffee sellers to warn of that under a California \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/about-proposition-65\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">law\u003c/a> passed by voters in 1986.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem: No one knows what levels are safe or risky for people. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sets acrylamide limits for drinking water, but there aren’t any for food.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A cup of coffee a day, exposure probably is not that high,” and probably should not change your habit, said Dr. Bruce Y. Lee of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. “If you drink a lot of cups a day, this is one of the reasons you might consider cutting that down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what’s known about the risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Chemical\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nStart with the biggest known risk factor for cancer — smoking — which generates \u003ca href=\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/acrylamide-fact-sheet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">acrylamide\u003c/a> . In the diet, French fries, potato chips, crackers, cookies, cereal and other high-carbohydrate foods contain it as a byproduct of roasting, baking, toasting or frying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Food and Drug Administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodborneIllnessContaminants/ChemicalContaminants/ucm053549.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tests\u003c/a> of acrylamide levels found they ranged from 175 to 351 parts per billion (a measure of concentration for a contaminant) for six brands of coffee tested; the highest was for one type of decaf coffee crystals. By comparison, French fries at one fast food chain ranged from 117 to 313 parts per billion, depending on the location tested. Some commercial fries had more than 1,000.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even some baby foods contain acrylamide, such as teething biscuits and crackers. One brand of organic sweet potatoes tested as having 121 parts per billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s the Risk?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>The “probable” or “likely” carcinogen label is based on studies of animals given high levels of acrylamide in drinking water. But people and rodents absorb the chemical at different rates and metabolize it differently, so its relevance to human health is unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of 23 scientists convened by the WHO’s cancer agency in 2016 looked at coffee — not acrylamide directly — and \u003ca href=\"https://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/iarcnews/2016/DebunkMyth.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">decided\u003c/a> coffee was unlikely to cause breast, prostate or pancreatic cancer, and that it seemed to lower the risks for liver and uterine cancers. Evidence was inadequate to determine its effect on dozens of other cancer types.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The California Law\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSince 1986, businesses have been required to post warnings about chemicals known to cause cancer or other health risks — more than 900 substances are on the state’s list today — but what’s a “significant” risk is arguable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coffee sellers and other defendants in the lawsuit that spurred Thursday’s ruling have a couple weeks to challenge it or appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law “has potential to do much more harm than good to public health,” by confusing people into thinking risks from something like coffee are similar to those from smoking, Giovannucci said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The International Food Information Council and Foundation, an organization funded mostly by the food and beverage industry, says the law is confusing the public because it doesn’t note levels of risk, and adds that U.S. dietary guidelines say up to five cups of coffee a day can be part of a healthy diet.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Otis Brawley, the American Cancer Society’s chief medical officer, said, “The issue here is dose, and the amount of acrylamide that would be included in coffee, which is really very small, compared to the amount from smoking tobacco. I don’t think we should be worried about a cup of coffee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amy Trenton-Dietz, public health specialist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, said the California ruling contrasts with what science shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Studies in humans suggest that if anything, coffee is protective for some types of cancer,” she said. “As long as people are not putting a lot of sugar or sweeteners in, coffee, tea and water are the best things for people to be drinking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This Associated Press \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/tag/ScienceSays\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">series\u003c/a> was produced in \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/2G0n9w6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">partnership\u003c/a> with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all contentchemic\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1921948/science-says-what-we-know-about-cancer-risk-and-coffee","authors":["byline_science_1921948"],"categories":["science_35","science_36","science_39","science_3424","science_40"],"tags":["science_374","science_1191","science_5181","science_309"],"featImg":"science_1921951","label":"source_science_1921948"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. 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