California Department of Water ResourcesCalifornia Department of Water Resources
California Snowpack: Gov. Newsom Unveils Water Plan for a Climate-Changed Future
As April Begins, California's Snowpack is About Half of Normal
California Snowpack Starts Off the Year at Nearly Normal
About That $17 Billion Water Project: Delta Tunnels 101
State Water Project Eases Water Cutbacks After March Rains
A Last-Ditch Drought Strategy for the Delta: Rock Barriers
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You can find her on Twitter at \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/lesommer\">@lesommer\u003c/a>.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor","manage_content_types","manage_taxonomies"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Lauren Sommer | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/laurensommer"},"parcuni":{"type":"authors","id":"11368","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11368","found":true},"name":"Peter Arcuni","firstName":"Peter","lastName":"Arcuni","slug":"parcuni","email":"parcuni@KQED.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["science"],"title":"Reporter","bio":"Peter reports radio and online stories for \u003cem>KQED Science\u003c/em>. His work has also appeared on the \u003cem>The California Report\u003c/em> morning show and \u003cem>KQED News\u003c/em>. His production credits include \u003cem>The California Report, The California Report Magazine\u003c/em> and KQED's local news podcast \u003cem>The Bay\u003c/em>. Other credits include NPR's \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em>, WNYC's \u003cem>Science Friday\u003c/em>, WBUR's \u003cem>Here & Now\u003c/em>, WIRED and SFGate. Peter graduated from Brown University and earned a master's degree in journalism from Stanford. He's covered everything from homelessness to wildfires, health, the environment, arts and Thanksgiving in San Quentin prison. In other lives, he played rock n roll music and studied neuroscience. You can email him at: parcuni@kqed.org","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d5032f6f27199d478af34ad2e1d98732?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"peterarcuni","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Peter Arcuni | KQED","description":"Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d5032f6f27199d478af34ad2e1d98732?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d5032f6f27199d478af34ad2e1d98732?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/parcuni"},"eromero":{"type":"authors","id":"11746","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11746","found":true},"name":"Ezra David Romero","firstName":"Ezra David","lastName":"Romero","slug":"eromero","email":"eromero@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["news","science"],"title":"Climate Reporter","bio":"Ezra David Romero is a climate reporter for KQED News. He covers the absence and excess of water in the Bay Area — think sea level rise, flooding and drought. For nearly a decade he’s covered how warming temperatures are altering the lives of Californians. He’s reported on farmers worried their pistachio trees aren’t getting enough sleep, families desperate for water, scientists studying dying giant sequoias, and alongside firefighters containing wildfires. His work has appeared on local stations across California and nationally on public radio shows like Morning Edition, Here and Now, All Things Considered and Science Friday. ","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c15bb8bab267e058708a9eeaeef16bf?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"ezraromero","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Ezra David Romero | KQED","description":"Climate Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c15bb8bab267e058708a9eeaeef16bf?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c15bb8bab267e058708a9eeaeef16bf?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/eromero"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"science_1992194":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1992194","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1992194","score":null,"sort":[1712085349000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-snowpack-gov-newsom-unveils-water-plan-for-a-climate-changed-future","title":"California Snowpack: Gov. Newsom Unveils Water Plan for a Climate-Changed Future","publishDate":1712085349,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Snowpack: Gov. Newsom Unveils Water Plan for a Climate-Changed Future | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Tromping through multiple feet of snow near Lake Tahoe on Tuesday, California Gov. Gavin Newsom unveiled the state’s updated water plan for a climate-changed future as “snow droughts,” deluges and dry times intensify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can take a deep breath this year, but don’t quadruple the amount of time in your shower; then consider that this time next year, we may be at a different place,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom said California’s new climate reality demands a new sophisticated approach to modernize aging water infrastructure and limited water supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/Programs/California-Water-Plan/Update-2023\">California Water Plan\u003c/a> 2023 update is a strategic blueprint \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that guides water managers\u003c/span> to ensure that water systems — from rural communities plagued by contaminated water to metropolitan areas capturing stormwater for drier times to the state’s interconnected water system — are prepared for weather whiplash, deepened by human-caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ll remind all of you the water system in California was designed for a world that no longer exists,” Newsom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year isn’t a prime example of the future — the snowpack is glistening white at \u003ca href=\"https://cdec.water.ca.gov/snowapp/sweq.action\">110% of the average for April\u003c/a>, which means the state is heading into warmer months with plentiful water supplies — but snow-packed years aren’t a guarantee. And the snowpack accounts for 30% of the state’s water needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"science_1991866,science_1991662,science_1991522\"]“Those are pretty healthy numbers,” UCLA climate scientist Daniel Swain said. “From a short-term water supply problem, we’re not going to have major issues in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With climate change “an urgent threat,” the state’s sprawling plan, updated every five years, addresses three key areas: strengthening watersheds, addressing climate change and closing a gap in “long-standing inequities” in water management. Planning with equity in mind is important because the report notes that water supplies will likely decrease by 10% by 2040, “challenging many vulnerable Californians in accessing their human right to water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom also lauded an endeavor to potentially build a new reservoir and a controversial plan to build a 45-mile water tunnel beneath the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta and said the project is “critical if we’re going to address the issue of climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement comes after the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1991979/california-eases-urban-water-use-rules-as-residents-still-urged-to-conserve\">new conservation rules received strong criticism\u003c/a>. If the regulations go into effect, they will likely ease standards, giving water managers more time to comply, and environmentalists argue that this will lead to smaller water savings statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocacy groups, like the Community Water Center, applaud the state for focusing on equity and calling out a lack of inclusion in the world of water management. But Abraham Mendoza, the group’s policy manages, said the plan does “not speak to solving the problem in a timely manner.” He said funding and solutions are needed for “the infrastructure to implement community-driven solutions, programs for affordability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>‘Average is awesome’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In January, the snowpack measured just 25% of the average, and scientists warned of a potential “snow drought.” Water managers worried storms wouldn’t build it up and that the long-term trend of a shrinking snowpack would hold true this winter. But California’s luck changed in February as storm after storm rolled over the state. Then another in early March added as much as 12 feet of snow to the height of the Sierra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"California Gov. Gavin Newsom\"]‘I’ll remind all of you the water system in California was designed for a world that no longer exists.’[/pullquote]“The beginning of the year was more indicative of what we expect to see in the future,” said Andrew Schwartz, lead scientist at the UC Berkeley Central Sierra Snow Lab. “In terms of overall climate change this year, this is one of those years where we kind of wound up fortunate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, state leaders are rejoicing over this year’s snowpack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Average is awesome,” said Karla Nemeth, director of California’s Department of Water Resources. “We’ve had some pretty big swings in the last couple of years, but average may be coming less and less common feature of snowpack.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s even more good news in the near term: the above-average snowpack could deepen this week — and potentially through the rest of April — as a cold storm could drop as much as a foot of fresh powder on the range starting Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over the next week, another couple of storms may come through,” Schwartz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/UCB_CSSL/status/1775194478288175359\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwartz said the slightly above-average snowpack means a lighter flood risk as it melts, ultimately replenishing reservoirs “to help us prepare for a year when we might have a shortfall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is another year that’s helping us along; We’re looking like we’re in good shape this year,” he said of state reservoirs already at 116% of average levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he said two years of above-average snow does not mean California should pause preparing for future droughts — which is why the state’s new water plan is essential. Over the past decades, California has had two multiyear droughts followed by record snowpacks and damaging floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heightened snowpack is also good news for staving off the threat of early-season wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s going to be an opportunity for a lot of prescribed burning,” UCLA’s Swain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While all the snow most likely means decreased wildfire risk at high elevations, Swain expects “a significant increase in fire activity” in late summer because lower elevations are now bright green with grasses, shrubs and chaparral. All the growth could mean fires in areas of the state that don’t often burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the water will allow “invasive grasses to fill in the gaps between sagebrush and Joshua trees,” which “may increase the likelihood of fires in the deserts earlier in the season,” Swain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Gov. Gavin Newsom unveils new state water plan as the California snowpack peaks at more than 100% of average for April 1.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1712092027,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1065},"headData":{"title":"California Snowpack: Gov. Newsom Unveils Water Plan for a Climate-Changed Future | KQED","description":"Gov. Gavin Newsom unveils new state water plan as the California snowpack peaks at more than 100% of average for April 1.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California Snowpack: Gov. Newsom Unveils Water Plan for a Climate-Changed Future","datePublished":"2024-04-02T19:15:49.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-02T21:07:07.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1992194/california-snowpack-gov-newsom-unveils-water-plan-for-a-climate-changed-future","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tromping through multiple feet of snow near Lake Tahoe on Tuesday, California Gov. Gavin Newsom unveiled the state’s updated water plan for a climate-changed future as “snow droughts,” deluges and dry times intensify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can take a deep breath this year, but don’t quadruple the amount of time in your shower; then consider that this time next year, we may be at a different place,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom said California’s new climate reality demands a new sophisticated approach to modernize aging water infrastructure and limited water supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/Programs/California-Water-Plan/Update-2023\">California Water Plan\u003c/a> 2023 update is a strategic blueprint \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that guides water managers\u003c/span> to ensure that water systems — from rural communities plagued by contaminated water to metropolitan areas capturing stormwater for drier times to the state’s interconnected water system — are prepared for weather whiplash, deepened by human-caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ll remind all of you the water system in California was designed for a world that no longer exists,” Newsom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year isn’t a prime example of the future — the snowpack is glistening white at \u003ca href=\"https://cdec.water.ca.gov/snowapp/sweq.action\">110% of the average for April\u003c/a>, which means the state is heading into warmer months with plentiful water supplies — but snow-packed years aren’t a guarantee. And the snowpack accounts for 30% of the state’s water needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"science_1991866,science_1991662,science_1991522"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Those are pretty healthy numbers,” UCLA climate scientist Daniel Swain said. “From a short-term water supply problem, we’re not going to have major issues in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With climate change “an urgent threat,” the state’s sprawling plan, updated every five years, addresses three key areas: strengthening watersheds, addressing climate change and closing a gap in “long-standing inequities” in water management. Planning with equity in mind is important because the report notes that water supplies will likely decrease by 10% by 2040, “challenging many vulnerable Californians in accessing their human right to water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom also lauded an endeavor to potentially build a new reservoir and a controversial plan to build a 45-mile water tunnel beneath the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta and said the project is “critical if we’re going to address the issue of climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement comes after the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1991979/california-eases-urban-water-use-rules-as-residents-still-urged-to-conserve\">new conservation rules received strong criticism\u003c/a>. If the regulations go into effect, they will likely ease standards, giving water managers more time to comply, and environmentalists argue that this will lead to smaller water savings statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocacy groups, like the Community Water Center, applaud the state for focusing on equity and calling out a lack of inclusion in the world of water management. But Abraham Mendoza, the group’s policy manages, said the plan does “not speak to solving the problem in a timely manner.” He said funding and solutions are needed for “the infrastructure to implement community-driven solutions, programs for affordability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>‘Average is awesome’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In January, the snowpack measured just 25% of the average, and scientists warned of a potential “snow drought.” Water managers worried storms wouldn’t build it up and that the long-term trend of a shrinking snowpack would hold true this winter. But California’s luck changed in February as storm after storm rolled over the state. Then another in early March added as much as 12 feet of snow to the height of the Sierra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘I’ll remind all of you the water system in California was designed for a world that no longer exists.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"California Gov. Gavin Newsom","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“The beginning of the year was more indicative of what we expect to see in the future,” said Andrew Schwartz, lead scientist at the UC Berkeley Central Sierra Snow Lab. “In terms of overall climate change this year, this is one of those years where we kind of wound up fortunate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, state leaders are rejoicing over this year’s snowpack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Average is awesome,” said Karla Nemeth, director of California’s Department of Water Resources. “We’ve had some pretty big swings in the last couple of years, but average may be coming less and less common feature of snowpack.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s even more good news in the near term: the above-average snowpack could deepen this week — and potentially through the rest of April — as a cold storm could drop as much as a foot of fresh powder on the range starting Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over the next week, another couple of storms may come through,” Schwartz said.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1775194478288175359"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Schwartz said the slightly above-average snowpack means a lighter flood risk as it melts, ultimately replenishing reservoirs “to help us prepare for a year when we might have a shortfall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is another year that’s helping us along; We’re looking like we’re in good shape this year,” he said of state reservoirs already at 116% of average levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he said two years of above-average snow does not mean California should pause preparing for future droughts — which is why the state’s new water plan is essential. Over the past decades, California has had two multiyear droughts followed by record snowpacks and damaging floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heightened snowpack is also good news for staving off the threat of early-season wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s going to be an opportunity for a lot of prescribed burning,” UCLA’s Swain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While all the snow most likely means decreased wildfire risk at high elevations, Swain expects “a significant increase in fire activity” in late summer because lower elevations are now bright green with grasses, shrubs and chaparral. All the growth could mean fires in areas of the state that don’t often burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the water will allow “invasive grasses to fill in the gaps between sagebrush and Joshua trees,” which “may increase the likelihood of fires in the deserts earlier in the season,” Swain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1992194/california-snowpack-gov-newsom-unveils-water-plan-for-a-climate-changed-future","authors":["11746"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_40","science_4450","science_98"],"tags":["science_2397","science_1622","science_194","science_4414","science_1127","science_201"],"featImg":"science_1992206","label":"science"},"science_1960807":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1960807","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1960807","score":null,"sort":[1585787629000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"as-april-begins-californias-snowpack-is-about-half-of-normal","title":"As April Begins, California's Snowpack is About Half of Normal","publishDate":1585787629,"format":"standard","headTitle":"As April Begins, California’s Snowpack is About Half of Normal | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>California water officials announced Wednesday that snowpack across the Sierra Nevada is measuring \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/snowapp/sweq.action\">53 percent\u003c/a> of the historical average for the start of April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/\">Department of Water Resources\u003c/a> (DWR) conducted the fourth monthly snow survey of the season today at Phillips Station snow course south of Lake Tahoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR spokesman Chris Orrock says the region experienced a handful of big snow storms in March, but they weren’t enough to make up for a dry January and one of the driest Februaries on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year we’re probably going to have one of the 10 worst snowpacks in California history,” says Orrock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists in California closely monitor Sierra snowpack leading up to April 1st, around the time when the spring runoff typically begins. The water that melts off the snowpack helps to replenish California’s reservoirs in dry months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water from melting Sierra snowpack accounts for about 30 percent of California’s annual water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orrock says the majority of that snowpack accumulates from December through the end of March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“April 1st is kind of our benchmark. Typically that’s when we see the deepest snowpack with the most water,” says Orrock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past decade, Sierra snowpack totals have varied significantly from year to year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the past 10 years, we’ve seen three of our smallest snowpacks on record, but we’ve also seen three of our largest snowpacks on record,” said Sean de Guzman, DWR’s chief of Snow Survey and Water Supply Forecast Section, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While 2020 will go down as a dry year, Orrock says runoff from last year’s snowpack, which was was well above average, has left the state’s major reservoirs near — or above — average for this time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water officials say climate change has played a role in the variability observed in California’s snowpack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While today’s survey results show our snowpack is better off than it was just last month, they still underscore the need for widespread, wise use of our water supplies,” said DWR Director Karla Nemeth in a statement. “California’s climate continues to show extreme unpredictability, and February’s record dryness is a clear example of the extremes associated with climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CA_DWR/status/1245483339470929920\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As the wet season winds down, state water officials say snowpack across the Sierra Nevada is about half of what's normal.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704847603,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":408},"headData":{"title":"As April Begins, California's Snowpack is About Half of Normal | KQED","description":"As the wet season winds down, state water officials say snowpack across the Sierra Nevada is about half of what's normal.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"As April Begins, California's Snowpack is About Half of Normal","datePublished":"2020-04-02T00:33:49.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:46:43.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Water","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1960807/as-april-begins-californias-snowpack-is-about-half-of-normal","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California water officials announced Wednesday that snowpack across the Sierra Nevada is measuring \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/snowapp/sweq.action\">53 percent\u003c/a> of the historical average for the start of April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/\">Department of Water Resources\u003c/a> (DWR) conducted the fourth monthly snow survey of the season today at Phillips Station snow course south of Lake Tahoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR spokesman Chris Orrock says the region experienced a handful of big snow storms in March, but they weren’t enough to make up for a dry January and one of the driest Februaries on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year we’re probably going to have one of the 10 worst snowpacks in California history,” says Orrock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists in California closely monitor Sierra snowpack leading up to April 1st, around the time when the spring runoff typically begins. The water that melts off the snowpack helps to replenish California’s reservoirs in dry months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water from melting Sierra snowpack accounts for about 30 percent of California’s annual water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orrock says the majority of that snowpack accumulates from December through the end of March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“April 1st is kind of our benchmark. Typically that’s when we see the deepest snowpack with the most water,” says Orrock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past decade, Sierra snowpack totals have varied significantly from year to year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the past 10 years, we’ve seen three of our smallest snowpacks on record, but we’ve also seen three of our largest snowpacks on record,” said Sean de Guzman, DWR’s chief of Snow Survey and Water Supply Forecast Section, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While 2020 will go down as a dry year, Orrock says runoff from last year’s snowpack, which was was well above average, has left the state’s major reservoirs near — or above — average for this time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water officials say climate change has played a role in the variability observed in California’s snowpack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While today’s survey results show our snowpack is better off than it was just last month, they still underscore the need for widespread, wise use of our water supplies,” said DWR Director Karla Nemeth in a statement. “California’s climate continues to show extreme unpredictability, and February’s record dryness is a clear example of the extremes associated with climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1245483339470929920"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1960807/as-april-begins-californias-snowpack-is-about-half-of-normal","authors":["11368"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_2397","science_1462","science_1243","science_1127","science_110"],"featImg":"science_1602282","label":"source_science_1960807"},"science_1954436":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1954436","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1954436","score":null,"sort":[1578003757000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-snowpack-starts-off-the-year-at-nearly-normal","title":"California Snowpack Starts Off the Year at Nearly Normal","publishDate":1578003757,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Snowpack Starts Off the Year at Nearly Normal | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">State water officials say the snowpack near Lake Tahoe is 97% of the historical average for this time of year. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sean de Guzman, chief of the \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/News/News-Releases/2020/January-2020-Snow-Survey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Department of Water Resources’\u003c/a> Snow Surveys and Water Supply Forecasting Section, conducted the first manual snow survey of the season Thursday at Phillips Station in the Sierra Nevada, south of Lake Tahoe in El Dorado County.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one of 260 stations that measures snowpack statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De Guzman said the snowpack across the Sierra Nevada is 90% of average for this time of year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1936797/why-we-cant-stop-talking-about-californias-sierra-snowpack\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">record snowpack\u003c/a> as Snow Water Content, which measures how much water is contained within the snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That way we know basically how much water will eventually melt during the spring and summer months to refill all of our reservoirs,” de Guzman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CA_DWR/status/1212831660305088512?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">California’s water season started off slowly, with little rain in October and early November, but state climatologist Michael Anderson said late-November and December storms were a big help.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR tracks snowpack leading up to April first, when the spring runoff typically begins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson says the weather over the next few months will go a long way in determining how much water will be stored up for the spring and summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We experience fantastic variability here in California, not only year-to-year, but within the year,” Anderson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given that large variability, it’s really difficult to say now where we’re at versus what the outlook will be when we get to April one.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The state's snow season began slowly with a dry October. But late November and December storms were a big help.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704847943,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":274},"headData":{"title":"California Snowpack Starts Off the Year at Nearly Normal | KQED","description":"The state's snow season began slowly with a dry October. But late November and December storms were a big help.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California Snowpack Starts Off the Year at Nearly Normal","datePublished":"2020-01-02T22:22:37.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:52:23.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Water","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1954436/california-snowpack-starts-off-the-year-at-nearly-normal","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">State water officials say the snowpack near Lake Tahoe is 97% of the historical average for this time of year. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sean de Guzman, chief of the \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/News/News-Releases/2020/January-2020-Snow-Survey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Department of Water Resources’\u003c/a> Snow Surveys and Water Supply Forecasting Section, conducted the first manual snow survey of the season Thursday at Phillips Station in the Sierra Nevada, south of Lake Tahoe in El Dorado County.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one of 260 stations that measures snowpack statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De Guzman said the snowpack across the Sierra Nevada is 90% of average for this time of year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1936797/why-we-cant-stop-talking-about-californias-sierra-snowpack\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">record snowpack\u003c/a> as Snow Water Content, which measures how much water is contained within the snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That way we know basically how much water will eventually melt during the spring and summer months to refill all of our reservoirs,” de Guzman said.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1212831660305088512"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">California’s water season started off slowly, with little rain in October and early November, but state climatologist Michael Anderson said late-November and December storms were a big help.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR tracks snowpack leading up to April first, when the spring runoff typically begins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson says the weather over the next few months will go a long way in determining how much water will be stored up for the spring and summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We experience fantastic variability here in California, not only year-to-year, but within the year,” Anderson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given that large variability, it’s really difficult to say now where we’re at versus what the outlook will be when we get to April one.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1954436/california-snowpack-starts-off-the-year-at-nearly-normal","authors":["11368"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_2397","science_3905","science_1462","science_1243","science_1127"],"featImg":"science_1954450","label":"source_science_1954436"},"science_863593":{"type":"posts","id":"science_863593","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"863593","score":null,"sort":[1469451638000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"about-that-17-billion-water-project-delta-tunnels-101","title":"About That $17 Billion Water Project: Delta Tunnels 101","publishDate":1469451638,"format":"audio","headTitle":"About That $17 Billion Water Project: Delta Tunnels 101 | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":3178,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>This week, Governor Jerry Brown’s controversial water project is back in the public eye. State officials are launching a marathon series of hearings for the “twin tunnels,” as they’re known, that will ultimately decide the fate of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are the Delta water tunnels?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re two, 30-mile water tunnels that would be built in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, east of the San Francisco Bay Area. Each tunnel would be 40 feet in diameter, larger than the tunnels that carry BART trains under San Francisco Bay. The project, dubbed “\u003ca href=\"https://www.californiawaterfix.com/\">California WaterFix\u003c/a>,” would be buried 150 feet below ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s the California Delta, again?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">huge, inland estuary\u003c/a> where Northern California’s major rivers converge before the water flows out to San Francisco Bay. It used to be mostly wetlands and marshes, but much of the land was converted to farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who would get water from the tunnels?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tunnels would be part of the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/swp/\">major water system\u003c/a> that serves about 25 million Californians, from the Bay Area to San Diego. Built more than 50 years ago, the network of reservoirs, canals and aqueducts stretches hundreds of miles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s designed to fix \u003ca href=\"https://californiawaterblog.com/2016/06/19/california-water-made-simple/\">a tricky problem\u003c/a> that state planners ran into a century ago. Most of the rain and snow falls in Northern California, but most of the state’s population (and many farms) reside in Central and Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Proposed Route of Delta Water Tunnels\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Huge underground project would divert water from the Sacramento River for export to Central and Southern California.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy show-for-medium-up\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-868011\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop.png\" alt=\"Delta_Desktop\" width=\"1275\" height=\"1310\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop.png 1275w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop-400x411.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop-800x822.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop-768x789.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop-1180x1212.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop-960x986.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop-50x50.png 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1275px) 100vw, 1275px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-868012\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Mobile.png\" alt=\"Delta_Mobile\" width=\"750\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Mobile.png 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Mobile-400x711.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Does the Brown Administration want to build them?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recent drought may have brought water battles to the forefront, but those battles are a perennial feature of California politics. That’s because the central hub of this water system, the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, is in bad shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water is drawn from the Delta by two massive pumping facilities that can move millions of gallon per minute. They’re so powerful that they’ve been shown to entrap endangered fish, like Chinook salmon and Delta smelt. When those species are at greatest risk, regulations require slowing down the pumps, potentially limiting how much water reaches cities and farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The twin tunnels would take water from farther north near the Sacramento River, and deliver it to the pumping facilities. State officials say that would make the water system more reliable, because the pumps would be used less, avoiding the impacts on endangered species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How much would the tunnels cost and who would pay for them?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They aren’t cheap. Construction could cost $14.9 billion. Add in mitigation costs for construction impacts, operations and maintenance and the tab runs to about $17 billion over 50 years — and that doesn’t count paying off the bonds that would finance the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ostensibly, it would be paid for by the water agencies that get the water, including urban water districts in the southern Bay Area and Southern California, as well as agricultural water districts in the Central Valley. Those agencies would have to raise water rates or possibly property taxes to cover the cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who is against building the tunnels?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of people. \u003ca href=\"http://restorethedelta.org/\">Residents\u003c/a> that live in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta don’t want a major construction project in their backyard and are concerned it could affect their water quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/experts/doug-obegi/why-nrdc-opposes-bay-delta-conservation-plan\">environmental groups\u003c/a> say the tunnels, as they’re designed now, could make things worse for endangered salmon and other fish as too much fresh water is removed from the ecosystem, though there are other issues as well, like habitat loss and invasive species. Environmentalists say that the tunnels would simply continue the trend of removing too much fresh water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So how much water will the tunnels take out of the Delta?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hmm, good question. State officials have proposed a range of scenarios. At one end of the range, water users could see more water delivered to them. At the other end, they’d get less, but more would be left in the ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But here’s the hitch: several of the water agencies that would pay to construct the tunnels have said they can’t justify the costs if there’s a chance they’ll end up with less water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So, why should I care about this?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/rb/RB_211EHRB.pdf\">water problems aren’t going away\u003c/a>. There will be more droughts, more conservation rules and more challenges ahead, especially with climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s water system, as ambitious as it was a half-century ago, can’t keep up with current (let alone future) demands. So whether fixing that problem involves massive water tunnels, or simply finding ways to do more with less water, Californians are going to have to do something.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who will decide if the tunnels get built?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now it’s up to state and federal agencies. The State Water Resources Control Board is beginning hearings to answer two questions: will the tunnels impinge on anyone else’s right to use water and will they harm endangered species? Those hearings could go on for quite a while, maybe until mid-2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and federal wildlife agencies will look at whether the project will harm endangered salmon and Delta smelt, as well as other species. And in their review, they will determine how much water the Delta tunnels can deliver in order to ensure that species don’t go extinct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That decision could determine whether water agencies are in or out, ultimately deciding the fate of the project. Oh yeah, and the whole thing is likely to end up in court, no matter what the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What about a public vote? There’s a November ballot measure that would require votes for big infrastructure projects.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>True. If passed, Proposition 53 would require a public vote on projects backed by state-issued revenue bonds over $2 billion, including this one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the bonds to pay for the tunnels are issued by the water agencies, not the state, then a public vote might not be required under Prop 53. But some analysts say the individual agencies, even banding together, would have a tough time floating bonds for the project on their own.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Controversy swirls as hearings begin on the governor's legacy water project – with farms, cities and environmentalists all battling.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704929874,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1074},"headData":{"title":"About That $17 Billion Water Project: Delta Tunnels 101 | KQED","description":"Controversy swirls as hearings begin on the governor's legacy water project – with farms, cities and environmentalists all battling.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"About That $17 Billion Water Project: Delta Tunnels 101","datePublished":"2016-07-25T13:00:38.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:37:54.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/07/WEBDeltaTunnelsSommer160725.mp3","sticky":false,"path":"/science/863593/about-that-17-billion-water-project-delta-tunnels-101","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This week, Governor Jerry Brown’s controversial water project is back in the public eye. State officials are launching a marathon series of hearings for the “twin tunnels,” as they’re known, that will ultimately decide the fate of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are the Delta water tunnels?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re two, 30-mile water tunnels that would be built in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, east of the San Francisco Bay Area. Each tunnel would be 40 feet in diameter, larger than the tunnels that carry BART trains under San Francisco Bay. The project, dubbed “\u003ca href=\"https://www.californiawaterfix.com/\">California WaterFix\u003c/a>,” would be buried 150 feet below ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s the California Delta, again?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">huge, inland estuary\u003c/a> where Northern California’s major rivers converge before the water flows out to San Francisco Bay. It used to be mostly wetlands and marshes, but much of the land was converted to farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who would get water from the tunnels?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tunnels would be part of the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/swp/\">major water system\u003c/a> that serves about 25 million Californians, from the Bay Area to San Diego. Built more than 50 years ago, the network of reservoirs, canals and aqueducts stretches hundreds of miles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s designed to fix \u003ca href=\"https://californiawaterblog.com/2016/06/19/california-water-made-simple/\">a tricky problem\u003c/a> that state planners ran into a century ago. Most of the rain and snow falls in Northern California, but most of the state’s population (and many farms) reside in Central and Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Proposed Route of Delta Water Tunnels\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Huge underground project would divert water from the Sacramento River for export to Central and Southern California.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy show-for-medium-up\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-868011\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop.png\" alt=\"Delta_Desktop\" width=\"1275\" height=\"1310\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop.png 1275w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop-400x411.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop-800x822.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop-768x789.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop-1180x1212.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop-960x986.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Desktop-50x50.png 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1275px) 100vw, 1275px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-868012\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Mobile.png\" alt=\"Delta_Mobile\" width=\"750\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Mobile.png 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Delta_Mobile-400x711.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Does the Brown Administration want to build them?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recent drought may have brought water battles to the forefront, but those battles are a perennial feature of California politics. That’s because the central hub of this water system, the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, is in bad shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water is drawn from the Delta by two massive pumping facilities that can move millions of gallon per minute. They’re so powerful that they’ve been shown to entrap endangered fish, like Chinook salmon and Delta smelt. When those species are at greatest risk, regulations require slowing down the pumps, potentially limiting how much water reaches cities and farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The twin tunnels would take water from farther north near the Sacramento River, and deliver it to the pumping facilities. State officials say that would make the water system more reliable, because the pumps would be used less, avoiding the impacts on endangered species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How much would the tunnels cost and who would pay for them?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They aren’t cheap. Construction could cost $14.9 billion. Add in mitigation costs for construction impacts, operations and maintenance and the tab runs to about $17 billion over 50 years — and that doesn’t count paying off the bonds that would finance the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ostensibly, it would be paid for by the water agencies that get the water, including urban water districts in the southern Bay Area and Southern California, as well as agricultural water districts in the Central Valley. Those agencies would have to raise water rates or possibly property taxes to cover the cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who is against building the tunnels?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of people. \u003ca href=\"http://restorethedelta.org/\">Residents\u003c/a> that live in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta don’t want a major construction project in their backyard and are concerned it could affect their water quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/experts/doug-obegi/why-nrdc-opposes-bay-delta-conservation-plan\">environmental groups\u003c/a> say the tunnels, as they’re designed now, could make things worse for endangered salmon and other fish as too much fresh water is removed from the ecosystem, though there are other issues as well, like habitat loss and invasive species. Environmentalists say that the tunnels would simply continue the trend of removing too much fresh water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So how much water will the tunnels take out of the Delta?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hmm, good question. State officials have proposed a range of scenarios. At one end of the range, water users could see more water delivered to them. At the other end, they’d get less, but more would be left in the ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But here’s the hitch: several of the water agencies that would pay to construct the tunnels have said they can’t justify the costs if there’s a chance they’ll end up with less water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So, why should I care about this?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/rb/RB_211EHRB.pdf\">water problems aren’t going away\u003c/a>. There will be more droughts, more conservation rules and more challenges ahead, especially with climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s water system, as ambitious as it was a half-century ago, can’t keep up with current (let alone future) demands. So whether fixing that problem involves massive water tunnels, or simply finding ways to do more with less water, Californians are going to have to do something.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who will decide if the tunnels get built?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now it’s up to state and federal agencies. The State Water Resources Control Board is beginning hearings to answer two questions: will the tunnels impinge on anyone else’s right to use water and will they harm endangered species? Those hearings could go on for quite a while, maybe until mid-2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and federal wildlife agencies will look at whether the project will harm endangered salmon and Delta smelt, as well as other species. And in their review, they will determine how much water the Delta tunnels can deliver in order to ensure that species don’t go extinct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That decision could determine whether water agencies are in or out, ultimately deciding the fate of the project. Oh yeah, and the whole thing is likely to end up in court, no matter what the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What about a public vote? There’s a November ballot measure that would require votes for big infrastructure projects.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>True. If passed, Proposition 53 would require a public vote on projects backed by state-issued revenue bonds over $2 billion, including this one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the bonds to pay for the tunnels are issued by the water agencies, not the state, then a public vote might not be required under Prop 53. But some analysts say the individual agencies, even banding together, would have a tough time floating bonds for the project on their own.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/863593/about-that-17-billion-water-project-delta-tunnels-101","authors":["239"],"series":["science_87","science_3178"],"categories":["science_89","science_35","science_40","science_43","science_98"],"tags":["science_2397","science_202","science_247"],"featImg":"science_863594","label":"science_3178"},"science_585457":{"type":"posts","id":"science_585457","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"585457","score":null,"sort":[1458332651000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-eases-water-cutbacks-after-march-rains","title":"State Water Project Eases Water Cutbacks After March Rains","publishDate":1458332651,"format":"image","headTitle":"State Water Project Eases Water Cutbacks After March Rains | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>California further \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/news/newsreleases/2016/031716.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eased some water cutbacks Thursday\u003c/a> as a rainy March lessens the state’s five-year drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Department of Water Resources announced it would be able to give its client water agencies 45 percent of their water allocations this year. That’s up from as low as 5 percent in 2014, in the middle of California’s driest four-year stretch on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January and again in March, winter storms have been bringing vital snowpack to the Sierra Nevada and rain to Northern and Central California reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the third such increase in recent months. The easing of cutbacks could affect up to two-thirds of California’s nearly 40 million people, and just under a million acres of irrigated farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_585462\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2321px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/march18_reservoir-levels.jpg\" alt=\"California reservoir levels on March 18, 2016 12:45 p.m. PST.\" width=\"2321\" height=\"2620\" class=\"size-full wp-image-585462\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/march18_reservoir-levels.jpg 2321w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/march18_reservoir-levels-400x452.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/march18_reservoir-levels-800x903.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/march18_reservoir-levels-768x867.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/march18_reservoir-levels-1440x1626.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/march18_reservoir-levels-1920x2167.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/march18_reservoir-levels-1180x1332.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/march18_reservoir-levels-960x1084.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2321px) 100vw, 2321px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California reservoir levels on March 18, 2016 12:45 p.m. PST. \u003ccite>(California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Despite Thursday’s easing, the state’s cities and towns will remain under a mandatory conservation order of 20 percent and up, for now, state water officials say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Drought Monitor said Thursday that almost all of California—99.5 percent—remains in some level of drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with a rainy March for the northern half and center of the state, the weekly drought monitor found 74 percent of the state was in severe drought or worse, down from 83 percent a week earlier.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The state will increase water allocations for the third time this year following recent rains, however the drought isn't over.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704930461,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":240},"headData":{"title":"State Water Project Eases Water Cutbacks After March Rains | KQED","description":"The state will increase water allocations for the third time this year following recent rains, however the drought isn't over.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"State Water Project Eases Water Cutbacks After March Rains","datePublished":"2016-03-18T20:24:11.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:47:41.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003cb>Associated Press\u003c/b>","path":"/science/585457/california-eases-water-cutbacks-after-march-rains","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California further \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/news/newsreleases/2016/031716.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eased some water cutbacks Thursday\u003c/a> as a rainy March lessens the state’s five-year drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Department of Water Resources announced it would be able to give its client water agencies 45 percent of their water allocations this year. That’s up from as low as 5 percent in 2014, in the middle of California’s driest four-year stretch on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January and again in March, winter storms have been bringing vital snowpack to the Sierra Nevada and rain to Northern and Central California reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the third such increase in recent months. The easing of cutbacks could affect up to two-thirds of California’s nearly 40 million people, and just under a million acres of irrigated farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_585462\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2321px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/march18_reservoir-levels.jpg\" alt=\"California reservoir levels on March 18, 2016 12:45 p.m. PST.\" width=\"2321\" height=\"2620\" class=\"size-full wp-image-585462\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/march18_reservoir-levels.jpg 2321w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/march18_reservoir-levels-400x452.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/march18_reservoir-levels-800x903.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/march18_reservoir-levels-768x867.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/march18_reservoir-levels-1440x1626.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/march18_reservoir-levels-1920x2167.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/march18_reservoir-levels-1180x1332.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/march18_reservoir-levels-960x1084.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2321px) 100vw, 2321px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California reservoir levels on March 18, 2016 12:45 p.m. PST. \u003ccite>(California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Despite Thursday’s easing, the state’s cities and towns will remain under a mandatory conservation order of 20 percent and up, for now, state water officials say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Drought Monitor said Thursday that almost all of California—99.5 percent—remains in some level of drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with a rainy March for the northern half and center of the state, the weekly drought monitor found 74 percent of the state was in severe drought or worse, down from 83 percent a week earlier.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/585457/california-eases-water-cutbacks-after-march-rains","authors":["byline_science_585457"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_2397","science_572","science_1196"],"featImg":"science_585544","label":"science"},"science_29297":{"type":"posts","id":"science_29297","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"29297","score":null,"sort":[1429244708000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-last-ditch-drought-strategy-for-the-delta-rock-barriers","title":"A Last-Ditch Drought Strategy for the Delta: Rock Barriers","publishDate":1429244708,"format":"aside","headTitle":"A Last-Ditch Drought Strategy for the Delta: Rock Barriers | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1151,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29321\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/sutter-slough-salinity-barrier_feature-e1429228397949-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-29321\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/sutter-slough-salinity-barrier_feature-e1429228397949-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"In the summer of 1976, the Department of Water Resources installed an emergency rock barrier in Sutter Slough. (California Department of Water Resources) \" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the summer of 1976, the Department of Water Resources installed an emergency rock barrier in Sutter Slough. (California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s something they haven’t resorted to since the 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California’s monster drought drifts into its fourth year, state water managers are taking a drastic step to keep much of California’s water fit for drinking. The Department of Water Resources says it will have to construct at least one barrier to keep salt water from encroaching deep into the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is one of those \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/03/31/record-low-sierra-snowpack-will-drive-home-drought-impacts/\">extreme drought years\u003c/a> when there may not be enough natural flow in the rivers to push back the incoming tides. Officials say the “salinity barrier,” northeast of Oakley in Contra Costa County, will help keep that brackish water from mixing with fresh water used for drinking and irrigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There will be costs, financial and environmental, and even recreational; the barrier will be a temporary roadblock to boaters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”nDTh3gQKEPbQvkVjcSnbZrmDLGcL02zq”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials estimate it will cost $28 million for what is essentially an engineered rock pile, to be constructed in May and then taken down again in the fall. Then again:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t want salt in your water,” says Randall Baxter, a Stockton-based senior biologist supervisor with the California Department of Fish & Wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strategic spot chosen for the barrier is a 750-foot-wide span of the West False River, less than a half-mile from where it meets the oncoming San Joaquin. It’s a kind of gateway to an area known as Frank’s Tract, which in turn leads to the huge pumps that draw freshwater for urban customers and farms. If salt water makes it that far, instead of washing back out with the ebb tide, it can often be trapped there, where it threatens drinking water supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baxter says there are potential costs to the already teetering Delta ecosystem, particularly for migrating salmon and steelhead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are still fish coming through the system and will be for a while,” he says. “Putting a barrier in False River cuts out one of their emigration routes.” Baxter says it can also make the fish more vulnerable to predators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environmental effects could be a mixed bag of good and ill. As Ellen Hanak and Jeff Mount write in a \u003ca title=\"PPIC - WPC - post\" href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/blog_detail.asp?i=1744\">recent post\u003c/a> from the Public Policy Institute of California’s new \u003ca title=\"PPIC - WPC - main\" href=\"http://www.ppic.org/water/\">Water Policy Center\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The water savings could also benefit some salmon runs, because more cold water could be saved upstream for release later in the year. But this approach will also involve new trade-offs, because reductions in Delta outflows are likely to harm \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/waterconditions/docs/Emergency_Drought_Barriers_Initial_Study_and_Proposed_Mitigated_Negative_Declaration.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">delta smelt as well as salmon\u003c/a> migrating through the Delta. This is yet another example of the tough decisions water managers are having to make during these exceptionally dry times.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount and Hanak note that of the roughly four million acre-feet of water that made it through the Delta without being diverted last year, more than 70 percent of that volume was required just to keep salt water pushed back toward San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Meager river flows may not be enough to stem the tide of salt water that threatens freshwater supplies.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704931979,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":537},"headData":{"title":"A Last-Ditch Drought Strategy for the Delta: Rock Barriers | KQED","description":"Meager river flows may not be enough to stem the tide of salt water that threatens freshwater supplies.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"A Last-Ditch Drought Strategy for the Delta: Rock Barriers","datePublished":"2015-04-17T04:25:08.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-11T00:12:59.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/29297/a-last-ditch-drought-strategy-for-the-delta-rock-barriers","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29321\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/sutter-slough-salinity-barrier_feature-e1429228397949-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-29321\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/sutter-slough-salinity-barrier_feature-e1429228397949-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"In the summer of 1976, the Department of Water Resources installed an emergency rock barrier in Sutter Slough. (California Department of Water Resources) \" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the summer of 1976, the Department of Water Resources installed an emergency rock barrier in Sutter Slough. (California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s something they haven’t resorted to since the 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California’s monster drought drifts into its fourth year, state water managers are taking a drastic step to keep much of California’s water fit for drinking. The Department of Water Resources says it will have to construct at least one barrier to keep salt water from encroaching deep into the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is one of those \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/03/31/record-low-sierra-snowpack-will-drive-home-drought-impacts/\">extreme drought years\u003c/a> when there may not be enough natural flow in the rivers to push back the incoming tides. Officials say the “salinity barrier,” northeast of Oakley in Contra Costa County, will help keep that brackish water from mixing with fresh water used for drinking and irrigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There will be costs, financial and environmental, and even recreational; the barrier will be a temporary roadblock to boaters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials estimate it will cost $28 million for what is essentially an engineered rock pile, to be constructed in May and then taken down again in the fall. Then again:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t want salt in your water,” says Randall Baxter, a Stockton-based senior biologist supervisor with the California Department of Fish & Wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strategic spot chosen for the barrier is a 750-foot-wide span of the West False River, less than a half-mile from where it meets the oncoming San Joaquin. It’s a kind of gateway to an area known as Frank’s Tract, which in turn leads to the huge pumps that draw freshwater for urban customers and farms. If salt water makes it that far, instead of washing back out with the ebb tide, it can often be trapped there, where it threatens drinking water supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baxter says there are potential costs to the already teetering Delta ecosystem, particularly for migrating salmon and steelhead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are still fish coming through the system and will be for a while,” he says. “Putting a barrier in False River cuts out one of their emigration routes.” Baxter says it can also make the fish more vulnerable to predators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environmental effects could be a mixed bag of good and ill. As Ellen Hanak and Jeff Mount write in a \u003ca title=\"PPIC - WPC - post\" href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/blog_detail.asp?i=1744\">recent post\u003c/a> from the Public Policy Institute of California’s new \u003ca title=\"PPIC - WPC - main\" href=\"http://www.ppic.org/water/\">Water Policy Center\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The water savings could also benefit some salmon runs, because more cold water could be saved upstream for release later in the year. But this approach will also involve new trade-offs, because reductions in Delta outflows are likely to harm \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/waterconditions/docs/Emergency_Drought_Barriers_Initial_Study_and_Proposed_Mitigated_Negative_Declaration.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">delta smelt as well as salmon\u003c/a> migrating through the Delta. This is yet another example of the tough decisions water managers are having to make during these exceptionally dry times.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount and Hanak note that of the roughly four million acre-feet of water that made it through the Delta without being diverted last year, more than 70 percent of that volume was required just to keep salt water pushed back toward San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/29297/a-last-ditch-drought-strategy-for-the-delta-rock-barriers","authors":["221"],"series":["science_1151"],"categories":["science_89","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_2397","science_572","science_64"],"featImg":"science_29321","label":"science_1151"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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(\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/artolog/315963076/\">Art Siegel/Flickr\u003c/a>)[/caption]\u003c/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp>If you live in California, chances are that the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta matters to you. It’s the hub for California’s water supply. Two-thirds of Californians get their water from the vast inland Delta, which lies east of San Francisco Bay, at the confluence of California's two largest rivers, the Sacramento and San Joaquin. The water reaches cities from Silicon Valley to San Diego, and supplies millions of acres of Central Valley farmland through sprawling infrastructure projects built over the past century.But the Delta’s natural ecosystem has declined and it's become ground zero for the state’s most contentious battles over water and endangered species.\u003c/p>\u003cstrong>The Problem\u003c/strong>\u003cp>The Delta is home to a number of threatened or endangered species, including Delta smelt and Chinook salmon. 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The water reaches cities from Silicon Valley to San Diego, and supplies millions of acres of Central Valley farmland through sprawling infrastructure projects built over the past century.But the Delta’s natural ecosystem has declined and it's become ground zero for the state’s most contentious battles over water and endangered species.The ProblemThe Delta is home to a number of threatened or endangered species, including Delta smelt and Chinook salmon. Biologists point to a number of reasons for their decline. After the gold rush, farms replaced what was once a rich network of tidal wetlands. About 95 percent of the Delta’s historic habitat has been lost. Upstream dams have altered the rivers’ flow, and fish die when they’re drawn toward the large pumps that divert water to the Bay Area and Southern California.The LatestTo protect fish species, limits were placed on how much water could be pumped out of the Delta. Now, Governor Jerry Brown is proposing a $24.5 billion fix, known as the Bay Delta Conservation Plan. Two 35-mile water tunnels would cross the Delta, bypassing the ecosystem from below. More than 100,000 acres of habitat would be restored. The majority of the costs would be covered by the water users.Concerns remain about whether the plan would help the Delta’s ecosystem recover. Farmers and other residents in the Delta region fear permanent changes to their way of life. And water consumers south of the Delta are reluctant to pay for the project if it doesn’t include assurances that adequate volumes of water are delivered.","ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":90,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/series/ca-delta"},"science_3178":{"type":"terms","id":"science_3178","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"3178","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Election 2016","slug":"election-2016","taxonomy":"series","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Election 2016 Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3178,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/series/election-2016"},"science_89":{"type":"terms","id":"science_89","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"89","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Engineering","slug":"engineering","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Engineering Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":92,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/engineering"},"science_43":{"type":"terms","id":"science_43","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"43","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Radio","slug":"radio","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Radio Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":45,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/radio"},"science_202":{"type":"terms","id":"science_202","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"202","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"delta","slug":"delta","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"delta Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":206,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/delta"},"science_247":{"type":"terms","id":"science_247","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"247","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"salmon","slug":"salmon","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"salmon Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":251,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/salmon"},"science_572":{"type":"terms","id":"science_572","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"572","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"drought","slug":"drought","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"drought Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":578,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/drought"},"science_1196":{"type":"terms","id":"science_1196","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"1196","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"reservoirs","slug":"reservoirs","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"reservoirs Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1205,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/reservoirs"},"science_1151":{"type":"terms","id":"science_1151","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"1151","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Drought Watch","slug":"california-drought-watch","taxonomy":"series","description":"\u003cem>What California's reservoirs look like right now (From KQED's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/\">The Lowdown\u003c/a>)\u003c/em>\r\n\r\n[iframe src=\"http://kroodsma.com/KQED/water-supply-master/public/map.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"]\r\n\r\n\u003cem>We’re collecting all of our California drought coverage here, starting with the current state of the drought, then providing the \u003ca href=\"#background\">background\u003c/a> and rounding up \u003ca href=\"#river\">all the stories\u003c/a> we’ve produced.\u003c/em>\r\n\r\n\u003cstrong>Relief at Last\r\n\u003c/strong>\r\n\r\nIn early April, after more than five years of the most withering drought on record, California Governor Jerry Brown finally lifted the emergency drought order he issued in January of 2014. By that time, the record-setting winter of 2016-17 had removed all doubt that the drought was over, though concerns over depleted groundwater levels still remain. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Drought Monitor\u003c/a>, less than 10 percent of California remains in “moderate drought” — compared to nearly 100 percent of the state a year ago.\r\n\r\n[http_redir]","featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Drought Watch Archives | KQED Science","description":"What California's reservoirs look like right now (From KQED's The Lowdown) [iframe src=\"http://kroodsma.com/KQED/water-supply-master/public/map.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"] We’re collecting all of our California drought coverage here, starting with the current state of the drought, then providing the background and rounding up all the stories we’ve produced. Relief at Last In early April, after more than five years of the most withering drought on record, California Governor Jerry Brown finally lifted the emergency drought order he issued in January of 2014. By that time, the record-setting winter of 2016-17 had removed all doubt that the drought was over, though concerns over depleted groundwater levels still remain. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, less than 10 percent of California remains in “moderate drought” — compared to nearly 100 percent of the state a year ago. 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