California Deserts Could Hold The Key to a Future With Less Fossil Fuel (Hint: It's Lithium)
Solar and Batteries Work in a Blackout, But What Does That Mean for the Grid?
Your Batteries May Be Ticking Time Bombs — A New Campaign Aims to 'Defuse' Them
Can California Really Go 100 Percent Renewable Energy?
Inside Tesla’s Mysterious Desert Battery Factory
Too Much Solar in California? Not If You Bottle It
The Biggest Battery You Haven't Seen
Sponsored
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She is a 2013 graduate of Brooklyn Law School and is currently researching war on terror prosecutions for an upcoming book.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"amelscript","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Amel Ahmed | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/aahmed"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"science_1977587":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1977587","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1977587","score":null,"sort":[1636146633000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-deserts-could-hold-the-key-to-a-future-with-less-fossil-fuel-hint-its-lithium","title":"California Deserts Could Hold The Key to a Future With Less Fossil Fuel (Hint: It's Lithium)","publishDate":1636146633,"format":"audio","headTitle":"California Deserts Could Hold The Key to a Future With Less Fossil Fuel (Hint: It’s Lithium) | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>The COP26 climate conference is underway in Glasgow, Scotland. Here in the Bay Area, KQED’s climate reporters are talking with locals who are working on solutions.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There could be enough lithium stored across California and the West to supply all the batteries the U.S. demands, researchers \u003ca href=\"https://eesa.lbl.gov/event/media-roundtable-powering-a-sustainable-future-through-lithium-extraction-from-unconventional-sources/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">estimate\u003c/a>, plus more to export.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that demand for lithium — a crucial part of the batteries that power electric cars and store extra energy from solar and wind — is heading in one direction: \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jiec.12949\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">up\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that California’s lithium is trapped in desert sediments, ocean water and deep underground, in natural deposits of saltwater called brine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has a trove of the stuff beneath the Salton Sea in Southern California, but \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2021/02/california-desert-lithium-valley/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">efforts to extract it are fledgling\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland-based \u003ca href=\"https://lilacsolutions.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lilac Solutions\u003c/a> is one of the companies trying to use domestic lithium to make batteries that could power the U.S. toward a future without fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dave Snydacker, the company’s CEO, says a tricky part is to capture the lithium without damaging the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The environmental challenges associated with lithium production today relate to land use and water consumption,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lithium extraction in South America and Australia has \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.co.uk/article/lithium-batteries-environment-impact\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">created serious environmental issues\u003c/a>. Advocates around the Salton Sea have \u003ca href=\"https://holtvilletribune.com/2021/08/06/guest-column-lithium-boom-needs-public-input/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">raised concerns\u003c/a> about harmful impacts and extra waste from extracting and processing lithium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lilac’s solution is vastly limiting the physical footprint of its lithium plant from “10,000 acres down to tens of acres, and that’s limited the surface impacts associated with lithium production,” Snydacker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He spoke with KQED climate reporter Laura Klivans during a tour of his manufacturing space in West Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following has been lightly edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What climate problem are you trying to solve?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big environmental problem that we’re addressing is gasoline. And to replace gasoline, we need to increase production of batteries, and lithium is now the critical bottleneck to battery production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no way to meet climate targets without lithium, it’s essential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What would success of your company mean for California’s economy?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Salton Sea is a very large lithium resource capable of producing billions of dollars per year of lithium. That means hundreds of permanent jobs in the Salton Sea and permanent jobs here in Oakland as we scale up the technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What initially inspired you to get into this kind of work?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I grew up in Rhode Island, near the beach, where the ocean was a really important part of the community. Looking at forecasts for sea level rise as we lose the Greenland ice sheet was fairly shocking and horrifying. You think, OK, my entire community will be completely underwater by the time my children or my grandchildren are able to enjoy this place. And that’s just an unacceptable outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How will what happens at COP affect your work?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If COP is successful, this will mean more demand for electric vehicles. But meeting that demand will only be possible with more lithium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Even if things go south at COP, how’s that going to impact your company?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’ve lost a lot of faith in the ability of the government to deliver solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve seen the private sector really step up, make big commitments to innovate toward electric vehicles, to finance the supply chain and to start new companies capable of making all that happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m confident we will solve climate change and decarbonize the economy, the question in my mind is how fast does that happen? It needs to happen soon.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The COP26 climate conference is underway in Glasgow, Scotland. Here in the Bay Area, KQED’s climate reporters are talking with locals who are working on solutions.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846374,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":619},"headData":{"title":"California Deserts Could Hold The Key to a Future With Less Fossil Fuel (Hint: It's Lithium) | KQED","description":"The COP26 climate conference is underway in Glasgow, Scotland. Here in the Bay Area, KQED’s climate reporters are talking with locals who are working on solutions.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Climate Change","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-4[…]f-aaef00f5a073/bbfa8834-e134-40fb-a3ae-add5011afae8/audio.mp3","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/science/1977587/california-deserts-could-hold-the-key-to-a-future-with-less-fossil-fuel-hint-its-lithium","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>The COP26 climate conference is underway in Glasgow, Scotland. Here in the Bay Area, KQED’s climate reporters are talking with locals who are working on solutions.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There could be enough lithium stored across California and the West to supply all the batteries the U.S. demands, researchers \u003ca href=\"https://eesa.lbl.gov/event/media-roundtable-powering-a-sustainable-future-through-lithium-extraction-from-unconventional-sources/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">estimate\u003c/a>, plus more to export.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that demand for lithium — a crucial part of the batteries that power electric cars and store extra energy from solar and wind — is heading in one direction: \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jiec.12949\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">up\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that California’s lithium is trapped in desert sediments, ocean water and deep underground, in natural deposits of saltwater called brine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has a trove of the stuff beneath the Salton Sea in Southern California, but \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2021/02/california-desert-lithium-valley/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">efforts to extract it are fledgling\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland-based \u003ca href=\"https://lilacsolutions.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lilac Solutions\u003c/a> is one of the companies trying to use domestic lithium to make batteries that could power the U.S. toward a future without fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dave Snydacker, the company’s CEO, says a tricky part is to capture the lithium without damaging the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The environmental challenges associated with lithium production today relate to land use and water consumption,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lithium extraction in South America and Australia has \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.co.uk/article/lithium-batteries-environment-impact\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">created serious environmental issues\u003c/a>. Advocates around the Salton Sea have \u003ca href=\"https://holtvilletribune.com/2021/08/06/guest-column-lithium-boom-needs-public-input/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">raised concerns\u003c/a> about harmful impacts and extra waste from extracting and processing lithium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lilac’s solution is vastly limiting the physical footprint of its lithium plant from “10,000 acres down to tens of acres, and that’s limited the surface impacts associated with lithium production,” Snydacker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He spoke with KQED climate reporter Laura Klivans during a tour of his manufacturing space in West Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following has been lightly edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What climate problem are you trying to solve?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big environmental problem that we’re addressing is gasoline. And to replace gasoline, we need to increase production of batteries, and lithium is now the critical bottleneck to battery production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no way to meet climate targets without lithium, it’s essential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What would success of your company mean for California’s economy?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Salton Sea is a very large lithium resource capable of producing billions of dollars per year of lithium. That means hundreds of permanent jobs in the Salton Sea and permanent jobs here in Oakland as we scale up the technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What initially inspired you to get into this kind of work?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I grew up in Rhode Island, near the beach, where the ocean was a really important part of the community. Looking at forecasts for sea level rise as we lose the Greenland ice sheet was fairly shocking and horrifying. You think, OK, my entire community will be completely underwater by the time my children or my grandchildren are able to enjoy this place. And that’s just an unacceptable outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How will what happens at COP affect your work?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If COP is successful, this will mean more demand for electric vehicles. But meeting that demand will only be possible with more lithium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Even if things go south at COP, how’s that going to impact your company?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’ve lost a lot of faith in the ability of the government to deliver solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve seen the private sector really step up, make big commitments to innovate toward electric vehicles, to finance the supply chain and to start new companies capable of making all that happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m confident we will solve climate change and decarbonize the economy, the question in my mind is how fast does that happen? It needs to happen soon.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1977587/california-deserts-could-hold-the-key-to-a-future-with-less-fossil-fuel-hint-its-lithium","authors":["8648"],"categories":["science_31","science_33","science_89","science_35","science_4450"],"tags":["science_188","science_4789","science_1133","science_4414"],"featImg":"science_1977588","label":"source_science_1977587"},"science_1950575":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1950575","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1950575","score":null,"sort":[1572854609000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"solar-and-batteries-work-in-a-blackout-but-what-does-that-mean-for-the-grid","title":"Solar and Batteries Work in a Blackout, But What Does That Mean for the Grid?","publishDate":1572854609,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Solar and Batteries Work in a Blackout, But What Does That Mean for the Grid? | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>While his neighbors’ homes in the Berkeley Hills sat in the dark during a recent PG&E outage, Howard Matis had working lights, a cold fridge and a fully functional garage door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two Tesla Powerwall batteries he installed just days before high winds prompted the utility to shut off electricity to millions in Northern California kept the power on in his house.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“How can we build a system so all those investments that people are making can bring a benefit to the grid as a whole?”\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Anne Hoskins, Sunrun\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Home solar suppliers have seen a surge in interest since the PG&E shutoffs began. Most battery owners are still early adopters, but as prices come down, the technology is sparking a debate over whether California’s electric grid will be supplied by far-reaching transmission lines or powered by hyper-local sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar panels on the roof charge Matis’ battery system, which can power most of his house. During an outage, those panels generally don’t work when they’re interconnected with the grid. A battery system, though, can store the solar energy and “island” a property from the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You see the garage door,” Matis said. “It’s too heavy for my wife to lift. That’s why we have electricity. If we had a real fire right now, a lot of people couldn’t flee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lessons From Experience\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He knows what it’s like to escape a wildfire. In 1991, the Oakland Hills fire consumed his neighborhood. Vehicles jammed the roads, so a policeman loaded Matis and his son into another car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This incredibly brave woman drove on a twisty road,” he recalled. “She couldn’t see through the flames. And then she drove us to safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of his neighbors died trying to escape. Matis’ neighborhood is more fire aware now and the power lines are buried underground. But the people there are not immune from PG&E’s blackouts or from the frustration they cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve talked to PG&E in the past, and I realized they didn’t know what they’re talking about,” Matis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The utility would disagree, but other companies see an opportunity in that resentment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had a very big uptick,” said Anne Hoskins, chief policy officer at Sunrun, which sells solar and battery systems. The company saw 15 times more web traffic to its battery pages than usual during the most recent outages. “We have a better way than relying on this over-century-old system that has to take power from far distances to serve communities and people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoskins said home batteries aren’t just for emergencies. Homeowners can use them every day to store solar power for use when the sun goes down. Other solutions, like portable gas generators, are a temporary measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re loud,” Hoskins said. “They’re dirty. And that also contributes to the problem, in our view, that we’re facing, which is climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, batteries are expensive. Telsa’s Powerwalls, the kind Howard Matis has in his garage, cost around $6,500 each, plus thousands more in installation. CEO Elon Musk recently \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1188880437067665408?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tweeted\u003c/a> that the company was knocking $1,000 off the price of their systems for Californians affected by the outages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 30% federal tax credit for solar and battery systems helps reduce the cost. So does California’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.selfgenca.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Self-Generation Incentive Program\u003c/a>, which provides rebates \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/support/energy/powerwall/learn/incentives\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in the thousands of dollars\u003c/a>. The California Public Utilities Commission recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/recent-changes-to-californias-self-generation-incentive-program-explained\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">carved out $100 million\u003c/a> in rebates for low-income households or communities in high fire-risk areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies like Sunrun also offer leasing options with little money down for home batteries . That adds about $40 a month to a solar lease. But potentially, wealthier Californian homeowners could buy their way out of blackouts, leaving everyone else feeling the brunt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sharing the Benefits\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So what you want to do is get ahead of that and figure out, okay, how can we build a system so all those investments that people are making can bring a benefit to the grid as a whole?” Hoskins said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that’s possible with “virtual power plants.” In \u003ca href=\"https://ebce.org/ebce-expands-its-renewable-energy-and-storage-portfolio-with-three-new-contracts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one project\u003c/a> planned by \u003ca href=\"https://ebce.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">East Bay Community Energy\u003c/a> in West Oakland, 500 low-income households will get solar and batteries. During times of high demand, those systems will feed power back onto the grid for everyone to use, almost like a traditional power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that locally produced power reduces the need for big transmission lines to bring it in from far away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s definitely some truth to that, but there’s also some real cost to trying to operate smaller grids independently,” said Severin Borenstein, an energy economist at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California utilities could spend billions on these microgrids, he says, but they’ll also need to spend billions on improving the existing grid to prevent fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we make all these investments, if we load it all into electricity rates, we’re going to have even higher electricity rates,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Higher PG&E rates could encourage more Californians to install solar and batteries to avoid the rising costs. But when households make their own electricity, they buy less from PG&E, so the utility gets less revenue for grid improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I have been arguing is that we really need to take some of these programs and take them off of electricity bills and put them into the state budget,” Borentsein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either way, PG&E’s blackouts and ongoing bankruptcy could add urgency to these conversations, as California looks for ways to create a safer and more reliable grid.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Most battery owners are still early adopters, but the technology is sparking a debate over whether California’s electric grid will be supplied by far-reaching transmission lines or powered by hyper-local sources.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848177,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1006},"headData":{"title":"Solar and Batteries Work in a Blackout, But What Does That Mean for the Grid? | KQED","description":"Most battery owners are still early adopters, but the technology is sparking a debate over whether California’s electric grid will be supplied by far-reaching transmission lines or powered by hyper-local sources.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"PG&E Power Outages","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1950575/solar-and-batteries-work-in-a-blackout-but-what-does-that-mean-for-the-grid","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>While his neighbors’ homes in the Berkeley Hills sat in the dark during a recent PG&E outage, Howard Matis had working lights, a cold fridge and a fully functional garage door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two Tesla Powerwall batteries he installed just days before high winds prompted the utility to shut off electricity to millions in Northern California kept the power on in his house.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“How can we build a system so all those investments that people are making can bring a benefit to the grid as a whole?”\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Anne Hoskins, Sunrun\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Home solar suppliers have seen a surge in interest since the PG&E shutoffs began. Most battery owners are still early adopters, but as prices come down, the technology is sparking a debate over whether California’s electric grid will be supplied by far-reaching transmission lines or powered by hyper-local sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar panels on the roof charge Matis’ battery system, which can power most of his house. During an outage, those panels generally don’t work when they’re interconnected with the grid. A battery system, though, can store the solar energy and “island” a property from the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You see the garage door,” Matis said. “It’s too heavy for my wife to lift. That’s why we have electricity. If we had a real fire right now, a lot of people couldn’t flee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lessons From Experience\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He knows what it’s like to escape a wildfire. In 1991, the Oakland Hills fire consumed his neighborhood. Vehicles jammed the roads, so a policeman loaded Matis and his son into another car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This incredibly brave woman drove on a twisty road,” he recalled. “She couldn’t see through the flames. And then she drove us to safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of his neighbors died trying to escape. Matis’ neighborhood is more fire aware now and the power lines are buried underground. But the people there are not immune from PG&E’s blackouts or from the frustration they cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve talked to PG&E in the past, and I realized they didn’t know what they’re talking about,” Matis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The utility would disagree, but other companies see an opportunity in that resentment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had a very big uptick,” said Anne Hoskins, chief policy officer at Sunrun, which sells solar and battery systems. The company saw 15 times more web traffic to its battery pages than usual during the most recent outages. “We have a better way than relying on this over-century-old system that has to take power from far distances to serve communities and people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoskins said home batteries aren’t just for emergencies. Homeowners can use them every day to store solar power for use when the sun goes down. Other solutions, like portable gas generators, are a temporary measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re loud,” Hoskins said. “They’re dirty. And that also contributes to the problem, in our view, that we’re facing, which is climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, batteries are expensive. Telsa’s Powerwalls, the kind Howard Matis has in his garage, cost around $6,500 each, plus thousands more in installation. CEO Elon Musk recently \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1188880437067665408?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tweeted\u003c/a> that the company was knocking $1,000 off the price of their systems for Californians affected by the outages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 30% federal tax credit for solar and battery systems helps reduce the cost. So does California’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.selfgenca.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Self-Generation Incentive Program\u003c/a>, which provides rebates \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/support/energy/powerwall/learn/incentives\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in the thousands of dollars\u003c/a>. The California Public Utilities Commission recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/recent-changes-to-californias-self-generation-incentive-program-explained\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">carved out $100 million\u003c/a> in rebates for low-income households or communities in high fire-risk areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies like Sunrun also offer leasing options with little money down for home batteries . That adds about $40 a month to a solar lease. But potentially, wealthier Californian homeowners could buy their way out of blackouts, leaving everyone else feeling the brunt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sharing the Benefits\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So what you want to do is get ahead of that and figure out, okay, how can we build a system so all those investments that people are making can bring a benefit to the grid as a whole?” Hoskins said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that’s possible with “virtual power plants.” In \u003ca href=\"https://ebce.org/ebce-expands-its-renewable-energy-and-storage-portfolio-with-three-new-contracts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one project\u003c/a> planned by \u003ca href=\"https://ebce.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">East Bay Community Energy\u003c/a> in West Oakland, 500 low-income households will get solar and batteries. During times of high demand, those systems will feed power back onto the grid for everyone to use, almost like a traditional power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that locally produced power reduces the need for big transmission lines to bring it in from far away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s definitely some truth to that, but there’s also some real cost to trying to operate smaller grids independently,” said Severin Borenstein, an energy economist at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California utilities could spend billions on these microgrids, he says, but they’ll also need to spend billions on improving the existing grid to prevent fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we make all these investments, if we load it all into electricity rates, we’re going to have even higher electricity rates,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Higher PG&E rates could encourage more Californians to install solar and batteries to avoid the rising costs. But when households make their own electricity, they buy less from PG&E, so the utility gets less revenue for grid improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I have been arguing is that we really need to take some of these programs and take them off of electricity bills and put them into the state budget,” Borentsein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either way, PG&E’s blackouts and ongoing bankruptcy could add urgency to these conversations, as California looks for ways to create a safer and more reliable grid.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1950575/solar-and-batteries-work-in-a-blackout-but-what-does-that-mean-for-the-grid","authors":["239"],"categories":["science_33","science_89","science_35","science_40","science_43","science_3730"],"tags":["science_188","science_3370","science_136","science_138","science_113"],"featImg":"science_1950579","label":"source_science_1950575"},"science_1924706":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1924706","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1924706","score":null,"sort":[1527639247000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"your-batteries-may-be-ticking-time-bombs-a-new-campaign-aims-to-defuse-them","title":"Your Batteries May Be Ticking Time Bombs — A New Campaign Aims to 'Defuse' Them","publishDate":1527639247,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Your Batteries May Be Ticking Time Bombs — A New Campaign Aims to ‘Defuse’ Them | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Your batteries may be ticking time bombs, according to organizers behind “Avoid the Spark,” a new nationwide campaign launched in California to teach consumers how to properly store and dispose of batteries.[contextly_sidebar id=”2xZL9a1owmEwP85fgY4i6QUgzGip1HPg”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technology, a hallmark of modern life, brings with it the good and the bad, and some of that bad comes in the form of improperly stored batteries. They’re blamed for the majority of fires at 26 waste facilities throughout California. And with 95 percent of Americans owning a cellphone and nearly half owning portable tablets, battery use will only increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, according to nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.call2recycle.org/?utm_source=California%2520press%2520release\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Call2Recycle\u003c/a>, a North American battery recycling program, many consumers do not know how to properly handle their batteries once they reach the end of their useful lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Nielsen \u003ca href=\"https://www.call2recycle.org/california-campaign-release/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">survey\u003c/a> commissioned by the group in 2016 found that 60 percent of consumers simply tossed out at least some of their single-use batteries, while 15 percent did the same with rechargeable batteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of special concern are lithium batteries, the battery of choice for many cellphones, cameras, and computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Call2Recycle’s Carl Smith \u003ca href=\"http://abc7news.com/technology/avoid-the-spark-campaign-launched-to-prevent-fires/3531572/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tells ABC affiliate KGO-TV.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Even a perfectly fine laptop battery that is no longer useful can be potentially dangerous if not handled correctly at the end of life.” says Carl Smith, CEO and president of the not-for-profit, Call2Recycle, the country’s largest battery recycling program. He says if a lithium battery comes into contact with metal in just the right way, sparks can fly. “They look like fire crackers going off,” Smith said.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>To avoid this risk, the group says consumers should use non-conductive duct tape or clear packing tape to cover the terminals of lithium-based batteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumers should also avoid storing batteries together, which can lead to a potential explosion and exposure to hazardous materials.[contextly_sidebar id=”3fXkdiS2t16sS1VzL8IbFcmTlWQkF24A”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because the batteries can form and release hydrogen, a highly volatile gas that could be ignited by elevated temperatures or static electricity, according to a study commissioned by the California Integrated Waste Management Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The accumulation of hydrogen gas can be avoided if batteries are stored in ventilated containers and/or not allowed to make physical contact [with each other],” says the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/publications/Documents/HHW/40292001.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More tips on how to store and dispose of batteries are posted at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.call2recycle.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Call2Recycle \u003c/a>website, along with a\u003ca href=\"https://www.call2recycle.org/locator/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> list of drop-off locations\u003c/a> in the Bay Area for those wishing to dispose of their batteries.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new nationwide campaign launched in California hopes to educate consumers on how to properly store and dispose of batteries. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927871,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":428},"headData":{"title":"Your Batteries May Be Ticking Time Bombs — A New Campaign Aims to 'Defuse' Them | KQED","description":"A new nationwide campaign launched in California hopes to educate consumers on how to properly store and dispose of batteries. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Chemistry","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1924706/your-batteries-may-be-ticking-time-bombs-a-new-campaign-aims-to-defuse-them","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Your batteries may be ticking time bombs, according to organizers behind “Avoid the Spark,” a new nationwide campaign launched in California to teach consumers how to properly store and dispose of batteries.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technology, a hallmark of modern life, brings with it the good and the bad, and some of that bad comes in the form of improperly stored batteries. They’re blamed for the majority of fires at 26 waste facilities throughout California. And with 95 percent of Americans owning a cellphone and nearly half owning portable tablets, battery use will only increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, according to nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.call2recycle.org/?utm_source=California%2520press%2520release\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Call2Recycle\u003c/a>, a North American battery recycling program, many consumers do not know how to properly handle their batteries once they reach the end of their useful lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Nielsen \u003ca href=\"https://www.call2recycle.org/california-campaign-release/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">survey\u003c/a> commissioned by the group in 2016 found that 60 percent of consumers simply tossed out at least some of their single-use batteries, while 15 percent did the same with rechargeable batteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of special concern are lithium batteries, the battery of choice for many cellphones, cameras, and computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Call2Recycle’s Carl Smith \u003ca href=\"http://abc7news.com/technology/avoid-the-spark-campaign-launched-to-prevent-fires/3531572/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tells ABC affiliate KGO-TV.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Even a perfectly fine laptop battery that is no longer useful can be potentially dangerous if not handled correctly at the end of life.” says Carl Smith, CEO and president of the not-for-profit, Call2Recycle, the country’s largest battery recycling program. He says if a lithium battery comes into contact with metal in just the right way, sparks can fly. “They look like fire crackers going off,” Smith said.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>To avoid this risk, the group says consumers should use non-conductive duct tape or clear packing tape to cover the terminals of lithium-based batteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumers should also avoid storing batteries together, which can lead to a potential explosion and exposure to hazardous materials.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because the batteries can form and release hydrogen, a highly volatile gas that could be ignited by elevated temperatures or static electricity, according to a study commissioned by the California Integrated Waste Management Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The accumulation of hydrogen gas can be avoided if batteries are stored in ventilated containers and/or not allowed to make physical contact [with each other],” says the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/publications/Documents/HHW/40292001.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More tips on how to store and dispose of batteries are posted at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.call2recycle.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Call2Recycle \u003c/a>website, along with a\u003ca href=\"https://www.call2recycle.org/locator/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> list of drop-off locations\u003c/a> in the Bay Area for those wishing to dispose of their batteries.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1924706/your-batteries-may-be-ticking-time-bombs-a-new-campaign-aims-to-defuse-them","authors":["11428"],"categories":["science_29","science_32","science_39","science_40"],"tags":["science_188","science_112","science_554","science_269","science_461"],"featImg":"science_1924749","label":"source_science_1924706"},"science_1915384":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1915384","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1915384","score":null,"sort":[1504891417000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"can-california-really-go-100-percent-renewable-energy","title":"Can California Really Go 100 Percent Renewable Energy?","publishDate":1504891417,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Can California Really Go 100 Percent Renewable Energy? | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>[audio src=https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/09/100PercentNoGHGSommerTCR170908.mp3 program=\"KQED Science\" title=\"Can California Really Go 100 Percent Renewable Energy?\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Nrel-solar.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>UPDATE: The bill cleared both houses in the late summer of 2018 and Gov. Jerry Brown signed this legislation on Sept. 10, in the days leading up to his Global Climate Action Summit in San Francisco. The original analysis, below, is from Sept. 2017.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers are considering a groundbreaking new energy goal: getting 100 percent of the state’s electricity from clean sources like solar and wind — in less than 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a state of California’s size, it’s an ambitious reach. California is second only to Texas in its energy appetite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As debate over the measure wore on in Sacramento this summer, another debate raged over the benefits and risks of going completely green, one that could shape California’s future as well as other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On one side: Mark Jacobson, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s going to be a huge deal because other states will be inspired.’\u003ccite>Mark Jacobson, Stanford University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We absolutely do not need natural gas or coal,” says Jacobson. “The costs of solar are so low. The costs of wind are very low.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To know where Jacobson is coming from, you only have to glimpse the license plates on his two electric cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One is GHGFREE: greenhouse gas free,” he says, inside the garage of his Palo Alto home. “And the other is WWSERA ,which means wind-water-solar era.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacobson has authored study after study on a 100 percent renewable future, including \u003ca href=\"http://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/Articles/I/CaliforniaWWS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one focusing on California\u003c/a>. His work informed state lawmakers, when, earlier this year, they introduced SB 100, a bill that would set a goal of going all-renewable by 2045.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar power is booming in the state, as electric utilities march toward the state’s existing goal of going 50 percent renewable by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s already caused \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/04/04/what-will-california-do-with-too-much-solar/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a few headaches\u003c/a>. The sun and wind aren’t always producing power when Californians need it most, namely in the evening. And the state’s other power plants, like natural gas and nuclear, aren’t as flexible as they need to be to handle those ups and downs. Hydropower offers the most flexibility, but is scarce during drought years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915389\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1915389 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/DesertSunlight_V03.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Desert Sunlight solar farm in Riverside County is one of the largest in California.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jacobson says there are plenty of strategies to overcome that. One is on display right in his garage: four large Tesla batteries mounted on the wall. The solar panels on his roof are charging them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At night, when there’s no more sunlight, the batteries kick in and the electricity I use in my house is drawn from the batteries,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California could do that on a massive scale, he says, either inside homes or buildings or by building very large energy storage projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of that, a better-connected transmission grid could bring power into the state when solar or wind is lacking. And during times of peak demand, homes and buildings could reduce their power use dynamically through more advanced software and a “smarter” grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to be a huge deal because other states will be inspired, other countries can be inspired,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacobson’s vision has drawn fire from critics. Earlier this summer, a number of scientists \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/114/26/6722.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">published a paper\u003c/a> questioning his conclusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was basically a hit piece on our work,” Jacobson says. “I felt we were viciously attacked more that I’ve ever seen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a saying that academic squabbles are vicious because so little is a stake,” says Ken Caldeira, one of the co-authors on the paper and a scientist at the Carnegie Institution for Science at Stanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this case, there’s plenty at stake, and a ferocious Twitter debate ensued. California gets only about a quarter of its electricity from renewables today, so reaching 100 percent would be a wholesale transformation — one that Caldeira fundamentally supports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Each emission of carbon dioxide is another increment of warming and we need to have an energy system that doesn’t rely on using the sky as a waste dump,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”ohUdus9j8fekNWkS0uEONqdhoVdtDUdj”]Caldeira says studies show reaching 80 percent renewable energy is well within reach. Even hitting 100 percent is technically possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We could do it,” he says. “It would just be very expensive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Costs are coming down for advanced batteries, which are still relatively pricey today. Renewable energy projects need new transmission lines, which can be challenging to build. Solar farms have a large footprint on the ground, which has already been contentious in California’s sensitive desert ecosystem. And the trade association for California’s wind industry has said it sees little potential for new development here, after certain public lands were declared off limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the key is to start down that path and keep our options open,” says Caldiera, “so when we get to the point where we don’t know what to do, hopefully by then we will know what to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers seem to agree. They rewrote the bill, changing it from a 100 percent renewable regulatory requirement to a 100 percent greenhouse gas-free energy goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means it could include nuclear energy, large hydropower dams, or even natural gas power plants, if they capture their carbon emissions. At least 60 percent of the electricity would still have to come from renewable sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a welcome change for California’s electric utilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’d say flexibility is critical,” says Lupe Jimenez, research and development manager at the Sacramento Municipal Utility District. “If we’re looking for a low-carbon future, I don’t think we want to narrow our options.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SMUD has built a handful of energy storage demonstration projects. In mid-town Sacramento, more than 30 townhouses have both solar power and batteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a ton of potential in storage technology,” says Jimenez. “We understand the prices are going to continue to fall. We want to be nimble and prepared for when they do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacramento’s utility hasn’t taken a position on the 100 percent clean energy bill. Pacific Gas & Electric currently opposes it unless changes are made, though when asked by KQED, the company refused to specify what changes it’s requesting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“We want to help California achieve its bold clean energy goals in a way that is affordable for our customers,” the company said in a statement. “If it’s not affordable, it’s not sustainable.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers have until September 15 to vote on the bill and send it to Governor Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A raging debate has broken out about whether a state the size of California can go completely green.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928397,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":36,"wordCount":1224},"headData":{"title":"Can California Really Go 100 Percent Renewable Energy? | KQED","description":"A raging debate has broken out about whether a state the size of California can go completely green.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/1915384/can-california-really-go-100-percent-renewable-energy","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/09/100PercentNoGHGSommerTCR170908.mp3","program":"KQED Science","title":"Can California Really Go 100 Percent Renewable Energy?","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Nrel-solar.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>UPDATE: The bill cleared both houses in the late summer of 2018 and Gov. Jerry Brown signed this legislation on Sept. 10, in the days leading up to his Global Climate Action Summit in San Francisco. The original analysis, below, is from Sept. 2017.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers are considering a groundbreaking new energy goal: getting 100 percent of the state’s electricity from clean sources like solar and wind — in less than 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a state of California’s size, it’s an ambitious reach. California is second only to Texas in its energy appetite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As debate over the measure wore on in Sacramento this summer, another debate raged over the benefits and risks of going completely green, one that could shape California’s future as well as other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On one side: Mark Jacobson, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s going to be a huge deal because other states will be inspired.’\u003ccite>Mark Jacobson, Stanford University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We absolutely do not need natural gas or coal,” says Jacobson. “The costs of solar are so low. The costs of wind are very low.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To know where Jacobson is coming from, you only have to glimpse the license plates on his two electric cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One is GHGFREE: greenhouse gas free,” he says, inside the garage of his Palo Alto home. “And the other is WWSERA ,which means wind-water-solar era.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacobson has authored study after study on a 100 percent renewable future, including \u003ca href=\"http://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/Articles/I/CaliforniaWWS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one focusing on California\u003c/a>. His work informed state lawmakers, when, earlier this year, they introduced SB 100, a bill that would set a goal of going all-renewable by 2045.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar power is booming in the state, as electric utilities march toward the state’s existing goal of going 50 percent renewable by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s already caused \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/04/04/what-will-california-do-with-too-much-solar/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a few headaches\u003c/a>. The sun and wind aren’t always producing power when Californians need it most, namely in the evening. And the state’s other power plants, like natural gas and nuclear, aren’t as flexible as they need to be to handle those ups and downs. Hydropower offers the most flexibility, but is scarce during drought years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915389\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1915389 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/DesertSunlight_V03.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Desert Sunlight solar farm in Riverside County is one of the largest in California.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jacobson says there are plenty of strategies to overcome that. One is on display right in his garage: four large Tesla batteries mounted on the wall. The solar panels on his roof are charging them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At night, when there’s no more sunlight, the batteries kick in and the electricity I use in my house is drawn from the batteries,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California could do that on a massive scale, he says, either inside homes or buildings or by building very large energy storage projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of that, a better-connected transmission grid could bring power into the state when solar or wind is lacking. And during times of peak demand, homes and buildings could reduce their power use dynamically through more advanced software and a “smarter” grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to be a huge deal because other states will be inspired, other countries can be inspired,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacobson’s vision has drawn fire from critics. Earlier this summer, a number of scientists \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/114/26/6722.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">published a paper\u003c/a> questioning his conclusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was basically a hit piece on our work,” Jacobson says. “I felt we were viciously attacked more that I’ve ever seen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a saying that academic squabbles are vicious because so little is a stake,” says Ken Caldeira, one of the co-authors on the paper and a scientist at the Carnegie Institution for Science at Stanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this case, there’s plenty at stake, and a ferocious Twitter debate ensued. California gets only about a quarter of its electricity from renewables today, so reaching 100 percent would be a wholesale transformation — one that Caldeira fundamentally supports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Each emission of carbon dioxide is another increment of warming and we need to have an energy system that doesn’t rely on using the sky as a waste dump,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Caldeira says studies show reaching 80 percent renewable energy is well within reach. Even hitting 100 percent is technically possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We could do it,” he says. “It would just be very expensive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Costs are coming down for advanced batteries, which are still relatively pricey today. Renewable energy projects need new transmission lines, which can be challenging to build. Solar farms have a large footprint on the ground, which has already been contentious in California’s sensitive desert ecosystem. And the trade association for California’s wind industry has said it sees little potential for new development here, after certain public lands were declared off limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the key is to start down that path and keep our options open,” says Caldiera, “so when we get to the point where we don’t know what to do, hopefully by then we will know what to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers seem to agree. They rewrote the bill, changing it from a 100 percent renewable regulatory requirement to a 100 percent greenhouse gas-free energy goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means it could include nuclear energy, large hydropower dams, or even natural gas power plants, if they capture their carbon emissions. At least 60 percent of the electricity would still have to come from renewable sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a welcome change for California’s electric utilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’d say flexibility is critical,” says Lupe Jimenez, research and development manager at the Sacramento Municipal Utility District. “If we’re looking for a low-carbon future, I don’t think we want to narrow our options.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SMUD has built a handful of energy storage demonstration projects. In mid-town Sacramento, more than 30 townhouses have both solar power and batteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a ton of potential in storage technology,” says Jimenez. “We understand the prices are going to continue to fall. We want to be nimble and prepared for when they do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacramento’s utility hasn’t taken a position on the 100 percent clean energy bill. Pacific Gas & Electric currently opposes it unless changes are made, though when asked by KQED, the company refused to specify what changes it’s requesting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“We want to help California achieve its bold clean energy goals in a way that is affordable for our customers,” the company said in a statement. “If it’s not affordable, it’s not sustainable.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers have until September 15 to vote on the bill and send it to Governor Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1915384/can-california-really-go-100-percent-renewable-energy","authors":["239"],"categories":["science_31","science_33","science_89","science_35","science_40","science_43","science_3423"],"tags":["science_188","science_3370","science_140","science_138"],"featImg":"science_1915386","label":"science"},"science_639833":{"type":"posts","id":"science_639833","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"639833","score":null,"sort":[1460760617000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"inside-teslas-mysterious-desert-battery-factory","title":"Inside Tesla’s Mysterious Desert Battery Factory","publishDate":1460760617,"format":"image","headTitle":"Inside Tesla’s Mysterious Desert Battery Factory | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Tesla’s Gigafactory is a lot like Willy Wonka’s Chocolate Factory: it’s mysterious, it’s big and few people have been inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For almost two years now, the company has been building the largest battery factory on the planet high in the Nevada desert—a factory that it says could revolutionize the way consumers use energy at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s tucked away in a dusty valley, half an hour east of Reno. Driving up Electric Avenue, the factory is a stark contrast on the horizon. It’s a sleek white building with a red stripe, almost like one of the company’s cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/04/WEBTeslaGigafactorySommer160418.mp3\u003cbr>\n“It’s really hard to get a sense of scale,” says Tesla co-founder and Chief Technical Officer JB Straubel. “I mean, it’s huge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re up on the roof of the Gigafactory, the small piece that has been built already, trying to get a glimpse of that scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So you can see the building footprint that would be in front of us to the west and north,” he says, pointing to the flat expanse of land where the rest of the factory will go—all 5.8 million square feet of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not a huge football fan but I think it’s on the order of around a hundred football fields,” Straubel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Willy Wonka’s factory, there’s a lot of hype about this place, both for the records it’s breaking and the company’s mystique. People have been caught sneaking onto the property to see it under construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641708\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-641708\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside2.jpg\" alt=\"Tesla begins battery production while the neighboring sections of the factory are still under construction.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"624\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside2.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside2-400x208.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside2-800x416.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside2-768x399.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside2-1180x614.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside2-960x499.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tesla is beginning battery production while neighboring sections of the factory are still under construction. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With its multiple floors, it’ll be one of the largest factories in the U.S., period. Its main rival is Boeing’s factory in Everett, Washington where 747s are assembled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevada beat out several states by luring Tesla with an incentive package worth more than a billion dollars. Lawmakers here are watching like hawks for the economic benefits, like making sure Nevadans make up a big part of the factory’s construction crew and 6,000 permanent workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Baking Batteries\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside the factory, that workforce is going full steam ahead. Workers are welding steel, pouring concrete and installing highly specialized machines, shrouded in plastic. It goes on for room after room after room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641713\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-641713\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside1.jpg\" alt=\"Production is underway for Tesla's home battery, the Powerwall.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"655\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside1.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside1-400x218.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside1-800x437.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside1-768x419.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside1-1180x644.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside1-960x524.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Production is underway for Tesla’s home battery, the Powerwall. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“So this is a pretty exciting room,” Straubel says. It’s filled with huge metal tanks, almost like an insanely-large industrial kitchen. “This is where we will actually mix the materials, the raw materials, we mix them into what’s called a slurry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main pieces of the lithium-ion batteries, the anode and cathode, are baked by huge machines in yet another room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a little bit like a giant baking oven except it’s a few hundred feet long,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As each section of the Gigafactory is completed, Tesla moves in and starts battery production immediately. It will eventually be connected by rail to Tesla’s car-assembly plant in Fremont, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Straubel says the Gigafactory will even run on renewable energy from solar panels covering the roof, as well as off-site renewable projects and batteries, of course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641717\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-641717\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside3.jpg\" alt=\"Tesla CTO JB Straubel in front of Powerpacks, refrigerator-size batteries for factories or electric utilities.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"693\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside3.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside3-400x231.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside3-800x462.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside3-768x444.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside3-1180x681.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside3-960x554.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tesla CTO JB Straubel in front of Powerpacks, refrigerator-size batteries for factories or electric utilities. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>All About Scale\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla expects the factory, created in partnership with Panasonic, to double the world’s capacity for lithium-ion battery production, eventually making 35 gigawatt-hours of energy storage annually. That would supply 500,000 of its electric cars, a significant leap over what the company is producing now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just about building a lot more batteries but it’s about reducing the cost,” Straubel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641710\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 355px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-641710\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla_V06_160415-400x711.png\" alt=\"Tesla_V06_160415\" width=\"355\" height=\"631\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla_V06_160415-400x711.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla_V06_160415.png 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 355px) 100vw, 355px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Tesla. Graphics by Teodros Hailye/KQED\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tesla is known for its pricey cars. Its sedan, the Model S, starts at $76,500 before tax credits, and batteries are a big part of the sticker price. Analysts estimate that most battery packs cost well over $10,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which is why, Straubel says, the Gigafactory is about scale. He believes scaling up could drive down the cost of batteries 30 percent or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think we’ll probably be able to exceed that,” Straubel says. “Our vehicles can be more affordable. More people can have access to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what the company is going for with the new \u003ca href=\"https://www.teslamotors.com/model3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Model 3\u003c/a>, its first mass market car, announced last month. It’ll run around $28,000 dollars after the federal tax credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It won’t come out until late next year, but customers lined up in droves to put down $1,000 deposits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have today over 325,000 reservations for Model 3, representing this enormous backlog of orders,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The catch is that Tesla can’t fill those orders without this factory up and running.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s part of why we’re trying to go so fast and accelerate the construction here, so we are ready ahead of time,” Straubel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641809\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-641809\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3-800x436.jpg\" alt=\"Under Nevada’s tax incentive package, half of the workers hired must be Nevada residents.\" width=\"800\" height=\"436\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3-800x436.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3-400x218.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3-768x418.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3-1440x785.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3-1180x643.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3-960x523.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3.jpg 1472w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Under Nevada’s tax incentive package, half of the workers hired must be Nevada residents. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Home Battery\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just one room over, the part of the Gigafactory that is running is making something else: the \u003ca href=\"https://www.teslamotors.com/powerwall\">Powerwall\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a flat battery, about 4 feet long, 3 feet wide, and it’s Tesla’s first battery for your house. There are stacks of them on the factory floor, ready to ship to customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If someone has solar on their house and they install a Powerwall, what this lets you do is store your surplus solar energy,” Straubel says. Homeowners could then use around 7 kilowatt-hours of that stored energy at night, which is several hours’ worth, depending on energy demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641719\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-641719\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Powerwall-400x344.jpg\" alt=\"Tesla's home battery, designed to store solar energy for use at night.\" width=\"400\" height=\"344\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Powerwall-400x344.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Powerwall.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Powerwall-768x660.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tesla’s home battery, designed to store solar energy for use at night. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The production floor is also stacked with Powerpacks, a larger version of the battery about the size of a refrigerator. They’re designed to store electricity at factories, industrial sites, or on the grid itself by electric utilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The machines humming in this part of the plant are part of Tesla’s ultimate vision for their customers: an electric car in the garage and batteries that store all the solar power they need. It’s a future free of fossil fuels, Straubel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Batteries are the missing piece in allowing sustainable energy to scale up to 100 percent of our energy needs,” he says. “We’re confident that eventually just about every vehicle on the road will move to being electric.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s changing the transportation landscape. That’s changing the energy landscape. It is changing the world,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It probably doesn’t need to be said: trying to change the world is a major gamble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gamble in the Desert\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is [Tesla CEO] Elon Musk far-seeing and investing in the future? Or is he making big bets that could all collapse at once?” says Severin Borenstein, an energy economist at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to fighting climate change, Borenstien says the world could use lots of electric cars and low-cost, solar batteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641722\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-641722\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective-800x389.jpg\" alt=\"An artist rendering of the Gigafactory, covered in solar panels that will power the facility.\" width=\"800\" height=\"389\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective-800x389.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective-400x195.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective-768x374.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective-1440x701.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective-1180x574.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective-960x467.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective.jpg 1878w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An artist rendering of the Gigafactory, covered in solar panels that will power the facility. \u003ccite>(Tesla)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If we could figure out a way to produce batteries at large-scale and low-cost, it would really be a game changer for reducing greenhouse gas emissions,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question, he says, is whether consumers are ready to buy into Tesla’s vision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gas prices have been extremely low, which hurts demand for efficient cars. And then there’s the $3,000 Powerwall battery. Electric rates in many states make it hard to actually save money storing your own electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California and some other states, solar customers are paid by their electric utilities for the extra solar power they put onto the grid, a policy known as “\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/12/07/with-rooftop-solar-booming-california-utilities-want-to-charge-more/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">net-energy metering\u003c/a>.” That creates little financial incentive to store solar energy at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A battery could save someone money if electricity costs a lot more at night than it does during the day. Borenstein says few states have those kind of electricity prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Average households are not going to get much or any value from these batteries,” Borenstein says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641724\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-641724\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside2-800x403.jpg\" alt=\"Tesla's Powerwall production line.\" width=\"800\" height=\"403\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside2-800x403.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside2-400x202.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside2-768x387.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside2-1180x595.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside2-960x484.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside2.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tesla’s Powerwall production line. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Early adopters may not care, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re people who like that and feel good about it and they’re mostly pretty darn rich,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla is betting that cheaper batteries will make everyone else want a home battery and electric car, too, something that could finally lead the company to profitability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $5 billion Gigafactory is exactly that gamble. If Tesla stays on schedule, the factory will be fully open in four years.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"It'll be the largest battery factory on the planet and Tesla is betting it'll be revolutionary.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704930315,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":52,"wordCount":1591},"headData":{"title":"Inside Tesla’s Mysterious Desert Battery Factory | KQED","description":"It'll be the largest battery factory on the planet and Tesla is betting it'll be revolutionary.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/639833/inside-teslas-mysterious-desert-battery-factory","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/04/WEBTeslaGigafactorySommer160418.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tesla’s Gigafactory is a lot like Willy Wonka’s Chocolate Factory: it’s mysterious, it’s big and few people have been inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For almost two years now, the company has been building the largest battery factory on the planet high in the Nevada desert—a factory that it says could revolutionize the way consumers use energy at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s tucked away in a dusty valley, half an hour east of Reno. Driving up Electric Avenue, the factory is a stark contrast on the horizon. It’s a sleek white building with a red stripe, almost like one of the company’s cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/04/WEBTeslaGigafactorySommer160418.mp3\u003cbr>\n“It’s really hard to get a sense of scale,” says Tesla co-founder and Chief Technical Officer JB Straubel. “I mean, it’s huge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re up on the roof of the Gigafactory, the small piece that has been built already, trying to get a glimpse of that scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So you can see the building footprint that would be in front of us to the west and north,” he says, pointing to the flat expanse of land where the rest of the factory will go—all 5.8 million square feet of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not a huge football fan but I think it’s on the order of around a hundred football fields,” Straubel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Willy Wonka’s factory, there’s a lot of hype about this place, both for the records it’s breaking and the company’s mystique. People have been caught sneaking onto the property to see it under construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641708\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-641708\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside2.jpg\" alt=\"Tesla begins battery production while the neighboring sections of the factory are still under construction.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"624\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside2.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside2-400x208.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside2-800x416.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside2-768x399.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside2-1180x614.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside2-960x499.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tesla is beginning battery production while neighboring sections of the factory are still under construction. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With its multiple floors, it’ll be one of the largest factories in the U.S., period. Its main rival is Boeing’s factory in Everett, Washington where 747s are assembled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevada beat out several states by luring Tesla with an incentive package worth more than a billion dollars. Lawmakers here are watching like hawks for the economic benefits, like making sure Nevadans make up a big part of the factory’s construction crew and 6,000 permanent workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Baking Batteries\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside the factory, that workforce is going full steam ahead. Workers are welding steel, pouring concrete and installing highly specialized machines, shrouded in plastic. It goes on for room after room after room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641713\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-641713\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside1.jpg\" alt=\"Production is underway for Tesla's home battery, the Powerwall.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"655\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside1.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside1-400x218.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside1-800x437.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside1-768x419.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside1-1180x644.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside1-960x524.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Production is underway for Tesla’s home battery, the Powerwall. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“So this is a pretty exciting room,” Straubel says. It’s filled with huge metal tanks, almost like an insanely-large industrial kitchen. “This is where we will actually mix the materials, the raw materials, we mix them into what’s called a slurry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main pieces of the lithium-ion batteries, the anode and cathode, are baked by huge machines in yet another room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a little bit like a giant baking oven except it’s a few hundred feet long,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As each section of the Gigafactory is completed, Tesla moves in and starts battery production immediately. It will eventually be connected by rail to Tesla’s car-assembly plant in Fremont, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Straubel says the Gigafactory will even run on renewable energy from solar panels covering the roof, as well as off-site renewable projects and batteries, of course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641717\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-641717\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside3.jpg\" alt=\"Tesla CTO JB Straubel in front of Powerpacks, refrigerator-size batteries for factories or electric utilities.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"693\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside3.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside3-400x231.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside3-800x462.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside3-768x444.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside3-1180x681.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside3-960x554.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tesla CTO JB Straubel in front of Powerpacks, refrigerator-size batteries for factories or electric utilities. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>All About Scale\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla expects the factory, created in partnership with Panasonic, to double the world’s capacity for lithium-ion battery production, eventually making 35 gigawatt-hours of energy storage annually. That would supply 500,000 of its electric cars, a significant leap over what the company is producing now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just about building a lot more batteries but it’s about reducing the cost,” Straubel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641710\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 355px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-641710\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla_V06_160415-400x711.png\" alt=\"Tesla_V06_160415\" width=\"355\" height=\"631\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla_V06_160415-400x711.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla_V06_160415.png 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 355px) 100vw, 355px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Tesla. Graphics by Teodros Hailye/KQED\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tesla is known for its pricey cars. Its sedan, the Model S, starts at $76,500 before tax credits, and batteries are a big part of the sticker price. Analysts estimate that most battery packs cost well over $10,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which is why, Straubel says, the Gigafactory is about scale. He believes scaling up could drive down the cost of batteries 30 percent or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think we’ll probably be able to exceed that,” Straubel says. “Our vehicles can be more affordable. More people can have access to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what the company is going for with the new \u003ca href=\"https://www.teslamotors.com/model3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Model 3\u003c/a>, its first mass market car, announced last month. It’ll run around $28,000 dollars after the federal tax credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It won’t come out until late next year, but customers lined up in droves to put down $1,000 deposits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have today over 325,000 reservations for Model 3, representing this enormous backlog of orders,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The catch is that Tesla can’t fill those orders without this factory up and running.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s part of why we’re trying to go so fast and accelerate the construction here, so we are ready ahead of time,” Straubel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641809\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-641809\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3-800x436.jpg\" alt=\"Under Nevada’s tax incentive package, half of the workers hired must be Nevada residents.\" width=\"800\" height=\"436\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3-800x436.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3-400x218.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3-768x418.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3-1440x785.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3-1180x643.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3-960x523.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3.jpg 1472w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Under Nevada’s tax incentive package, half of the workers hired must be Nevada residents. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Home Battery\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just one room over, the part of the Gigafactory that is running is making something else: the \u003ca href=\"https://www.teslamotors.com/powerwall\">Powerwall\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a flat battery, about 4 feet long, 3 feet wide, and it’s Tesla’s first battery for your house. There are stacks of them on the factory floor, ready to ship to customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If someone has solar on their house and they install a Powerwall, what this lets you do is store your surplus solar energy,” Straubel says. Homeowners could then use around 7 kilowatt-hours of that stored energy at night, which is several hours’ worth, depending on energy demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641719\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-641719\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Powerwall-400x344.jpg\" alt=\"Tesla's home battery, designed to store solar energy for use at night.\" width=\"400\" height=\"344\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Powerwall-400x344.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Powerwall.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Powerwall-768x660.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tesla’s home battery, designed to store solar energy for use at night. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The production floor is also stacked with Powerpacks, a larger version of the battery about the size of a refrigerator. They’re designed to store electricity at factories, industrial sites, or on the grid itself by electric utilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The machines humming in this part of the plant are part of Tesla’s ultimate vision for their customers: an electric car in the garage and batteries that store all the solar power they need. It’s a future free of fossil fuels, Straubel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Batteries are the missing piece in allowing sustainable energy to scale up to 100 percent of our energy needs,” he says. “We’re confident that eventually just about every vehicle on the road will move to being electric.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s changing the transportation landscape. That’s changing the energy landscape. It is changing the world,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It probably doesn’t need to be said: trying to change the world is a major gamble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gamble in the Desert\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is [Tesla CEO] Elon Musk far-seeing and investing in the future? Or is he making big bets that could all collapse at once?” says Severin Borenstein, an energy economist at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to fighting climate change, Borenstien says the world could use lots of electric cars and low-cost, solar batteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641722\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-641722\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective-800x389.jpg\" alt=\"An artist rendering of the Gigafactory, covered in solar panels that will power the facility.\" width=\"800\" height=\"389\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective-800x389.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective-400x195.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective-768x374.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective-1440x701.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective-1180x574.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective-960x467.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective.jpg 1878w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An artist rendering of the Gigafactory, covered in solar panels that will power the facility. \u003ccite>(Tesla)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If we could figure out a way to produce batteries at large-scale and low-cost, it would really be a game changer for reducing greenhouse gas emissions,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question, he says, is whether consumers are ready to buy into Tesla’s vision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gas prices have been extremely low, which hurts demand for efficient cars. And then there’s the $3,000 Powerwall battery. Electric rates in many states make it hard to actually save money storing your own electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California and some other states, solar customers are paid by their electric utilities for the extra solar power they put onto the grid, a policy known as “\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/12/07/with-rooftop-solar-booming-california-utilities-want-to-charge-more/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">net-energy metering\u003c/a>.” That creates little financial incentive to store solar energy at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A battery could save someone money if electricity costs a lot more at night than it does during the day. Borenstein says few states have those kind of electricity prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Average households are not going to get much or any value from these batteries,” Borenstein says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641724\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-641724\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside2-800x403.jpg\" alt=\"Tesla's Powerwall production line.\" width=\"800\" height=\"403\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside2-800x403.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside2-400x202.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside2-768x387.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside2-1180x595.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside2-960x484.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside2.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tesla’s Powerwall production line. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Early adopters may not care, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re people who like that and feel good about it and they’re mostly pretty darn rich,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla is betting that cheaper batteries will make everyone else want a home battery and electric car, too, something that could finally lead the company to profitability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $5 billion Gigafactory is exactly that gamble. If Tesla stays on schedule, the factory will be fully open in four years.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/639833/inside-teslas-mysterious-desert-battery-factory","authors":["239"],"categories":["science_46","science_33","science_89","science_35","science_40","science_43"],"tags":["science_188","science_845","science_140"],"featImg":"science_641705","label":"science"},"science_624410":{"type":"posts","id":"science_624410","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"624410","score":null,"sort":[1460379630000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"too-much-solar-in-california-not-if-you-bottle-it","title":"Too Much Solar in California? Not If You Bottle It","publishDate":1460379630,"format":"image","headTitle":"Too Much Solar in California? Not If You Bottle It | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>The cost of solar power has plummeted in recent years, which has led to a renewable energy boom in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a big hang-up: solar energy doesn’t provide a 24-hour supply. When the sun sets, the power from solar farms drops off, just as California needs it most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s sparked new interest in technology that stores electricity. And the energy storage technology race is going far beyond your typical battery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Solar Peaking\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pretty much everyday, we hit peak output,” says Michael Wheeler, a vice president at \u003ca href=\"http://recurrentenergy.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Recurrent Energy\u003c/a> in San Francisco, looking at a screen showing the solar farms his company manages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But earlier this spring, something happened that, at first, doesn’t seem to make sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We’ve built these solar projects and to the extent that we have to turn them off more and more often, it doesn’t make a lot of sense.’\u003ccite>Michael Wheeler,\u003cbr>\nRecurrent Energy\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It was the middle of the day, when one of the solar farms was cranking out electricity, and his company got a message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The grid operator is telling us they don’t need all of it,” Wheeler says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was too much electricity on the grid. The electric grid managers were telling solar farms to shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The project went from almost peak output to zero for about two hours,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This happens on sunny, spring days when there is plenty of solar power but Californians aren’t using a lot of air conditioning yet, so demand for power is low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The solar and wind power comes in on top of what natural gas power plants are generating. Because renewable energy production goes up and down with passing clouds and wind conditions, grid operators say they need the continuous supply from natural gas to make up for those fluctuations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_626879\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-626879\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/PGEbattery-web.jpg\" alt=\"PG&E's battery in San Jose can store more than six hours of energy.\" width=\"640\" height=\"441\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/PGEbattery-web.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/PGEbattery-web-400x276.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">PG&E’s battery in San Jose can store more than six hours of energy. \u003ccite>(PG&E)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Shutting down natural gas would leave the power supply less stable. Many gas plants can take between four and eight hours to restart, once they’re turned off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As more solar farms come online, the pressure to shut them down on mild, sunny days is only expected to become greater. California plans to get 50 percent of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve built these solar projects and to the extent that we have to turn them off more and more often, it doesn’t make a lot of sense,” Wheeler says. “It would be a lot better to find uses for that electricity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shifting Solar\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s grid operators have proposed \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/04/04/what-will-california-do-with-too-much-solar/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">linking the state’s grid\u003c/a> to other Western states, so the excess solar energy could be shared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another solution is to store the solar energy, because there’s an obvious need for power in the evening, right as the sun goes down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”l7OdPh3xOLqw1w8wvqvYo5vgdvoYG5Li”]“Everybody comes home from work and they turn on their lights and that uses a lot of power,” says Shayle Kann who analyzes renewable energy at \u003ca href=\"https://www.greentechmedia.com/about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Greentech Media\u003c/a> in Boston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s electricity demand peaks in the evening. Storing solar power for just a few hours would allow solar farms to help meet that peak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes that solar energy dispatchable,” he says. “In other words, you can control when it goes into the grid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/04/WEBEnergyStorageSommer160411.mp3\u003cbr>\nSince California regulators don’t want to see solar farms turn off, they’re \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/General.aspx?id=3462\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">requiring utilities\u003c/a> to build energy storage on the grid. All together, Pacific Gas & Electric, Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric must install 1.3 gigawatts of energy storage by 2020, which is about the same as a couple power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That mandate is the first of its kind in the country. So far, batteries have been the dominant technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Batteries in consumer electronics—you’re used to your Duracell batteries and things—we’ve had those for a very long time,” says Kann. “What’s new is deploying that on a large scale for the grid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a handful of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/05/24/the-biggest-battery-you-havent-seen/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">large banks of batteries\u003c/a> on the grid already, some the size of a semi-truck, which can store electricity for several hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bottling Electricity\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Batteries are coming down in cost dramatically, but they’re still relatively expensive compared to other sources of power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s launched start-up companies looking for a different way to store energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So what you’re looking at, really, is best described as a giant scuba tank,” says Steve Crane, pointing to a 25-foot tank in the warehouse of his company, \u003ca href=\"http://www.lightsail.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LightSail Energy\u003c/a> in Berkeley, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_626973\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 900px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-626973\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/LightSail-900-2.jpg\" alt=\"Steve Crane of LightSail Energy at their headquarters in Berkeley. \" width=\"900\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/LightSail-900-2.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/LightSail-900-2-400x237.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/LightSail-900-2-800x474.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/LightSail-900-2-768x455.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Steve Crane of LightSail Energy at their headquarters in Berkeley. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A scuba tank is the inspiration for his technology, which compresses air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The electrical energy is hard to hold on to,” says Crane. “Compressed air is relatively easy to store for hours or even days.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s how it works: when there’s extra electricity, Crane turns on a giant air pump. It fills the tank, compressing the air by 200 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then when electricity is needed, the air is released to drive an electric generator. The hard part has been dealing with all the heat this makes; Crane’s technology uses water to capture some of the heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any air compressor that you use, even a bicycle pump, creates heat,” says Crane. “A bicycle pump will feel warm after you’ve used it for a while.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea of storing energy by compressing air isn’t new, but other projects have stored the air in \u003ca href=\"http://caes.pnnl.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">large underground caverns\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By using tanks, LightSail’s technology would be more modular. It’s still in the early stages, with the company working on its first pilot projects. But Crane hopes it will have an edge over batteries, because it’s likely going to be cheaper and it lasts longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have a laptop or cell phone,” he says, “you know that after two to three years, you start to see significant deterioration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crane says interest has sky-rocketed for energy storage technology like his and other other non-battery approaches, such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/04/05/470810118/solar-and-wind-energy-may-be-nice-but-how-can-we-store-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ice, molten salt\u003c/a> or mechanical machines \u003ca href=\"http://amberkinetics.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">called flywheels\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nobody had ever heard of energy storage when I got into this field six or seven years ago,” he says. “Now it’s something that the governor of California talks about. However, the funding that is available for new technology in this area is pretty much zero.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research and development can take years and venture capital firms like to see faster results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if California is to meet its ambitious renewable energy goals, energy storage technology will have to catch up.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"On sunny spring days, California's solar plants sometimes have to shut down because there's more energy on the grid than we need. But some innovators have better ideas.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704930373,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":43,"wordCount":1214},"headData":{"title":"Too Much Solar in California? Not If You Bottle It | KQED","description":"On sunny spring days, California's solar plants sometimes have to shut down because there's more energy on the grid than we need. But some innovators have better ideas.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/624410/too-much-solar-in-california-not-if-you-bottle-it","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/04/WEBEnergyStorageSommer160411.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The cost of solar power has plummeted in recent years, which has led to a renewable energy boom in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a big hang-up: solar energy doesn’t provide a 24-hour supply. When the sun sets, the power from solar farms drops off, just as California needs it most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s sparked new interest in technology that stores electricity. And the energy storage technology race is going far beyond your typical battery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Solar Peaking\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pretty much everyday, we hit peak output,” says Michael Wheeler, a vice president at \u003ca href=\"http://recurrentenergy.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Recurrent Energy\u003c/a> in San Francisco, looking at a screen showing the solar farms his company manages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But earlier this spring, something happened that, at first, doesn’t seem to make sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We’ve built these solar projects and to the extent that we have to turn them off more and more often, it doesn’t make a lot of sense.’\u003ccite>Michael Wheeler,\u003cbr>\nRecurrent Energy\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It was the middle of the day, when one of the solar farms was cranking out electricity, and his company got a message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The grid operator is telling us they don’t need all of it,” Wheeler says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was too much electricity on the grid. The electric grid managers were telling solar farms to shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The project went from almost peak output to zero for about two hours,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This happens on sunny, spring days when there is plenty of solar power but Californians aren’t using a lot of air conditioning yet, so demand for power is low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The solar and wind power comes in on top of what natural gas power plants are generating. Because renewable energy production goes up and down with passing clouds and wind conditions, grid operators say they need the continuous supply from natural gas to make up for those fluctuations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_626879\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-626879\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/PGEbattery-web.jpg\" alt=\"PG&E's battery in San Jose can store more than six hours of energy.\" width=\"640\" height=\"441\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/PGEbattery-web.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/PGEbattery-web-400x276.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">PG&E’s battery in San Jose can store more than six hours of energy. \u003ccite>(PG&E)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Shutting down natural gas would leave the power supply less stable. Many gas plants can take between four and eight hours to restart, once they’re turned off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As more solar farms come online, the pressure to shut them down on mild, sunny days is only expected to become greater. California plans to get 50 percent of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve built these solar projects and to the extent that we have to turn them off more and more often, it doesn’t make a lot of sense,” Wheeler says. “It would be a lot better to find uses for that electricity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shifting Solar\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s grid operators have proposed \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/04/04/what-will-california-do-with-too-much-solar/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">linking the state’s grid\u003c/a> to other Western states, so the excess solar energy could be shared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another solution is to store the solar energy, because there’s an obvious need for power in the evening, right as the sun goes down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“Everybody comes home from work and they turn on their lights and that uses a lot of power,” says Shayle Kann who analyzes renewable energy at \u003ca href=\"https://www.greentechmedia.com/about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Greentech Media\u003c/a> in Boston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s electricity demand peaks in the evening. Storing solar power for just a few hours would allow solar farms to help meet that peak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes that solar energy dispatchable,” he says. “In other words, you can control when it goes into the grid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/04/WEBEnergyStorageSommer160411.mp3\u003cbr>\nSince California regulators don’t want to see solar farms turn off, they’re \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/General.aspx?id=3462\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">requiring utilities\u003c/a> to build energy storage on the grid. All together, Pacific Gas & Electric, Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric must install 1.3 gigawatts of energy storage by 2020, which is about the same as a couple power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That mandate is the first of its kind in the country. So far, batteries have been the dominant technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Batteries in consumer electronics—you’re used to your Duracell batteries and things—we’ve had those for a very long time,” says Kann. “What’s new is deploying that on a large scale for the grid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a handful of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/05/24/the-biggest-battery-you-havent-seen/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">large banks of batteries\u003c/a> on the grid already, some the size of a semi-truck, which can store electricity for several hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bottling Electricity\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Batteries are coming down in cost dramatically, but they’re still relatively expensive compared to other sources of power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s launched start-up companies looking for a different way to store energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So what you’re looking at, really, is best described as a giant scuba tank,” says Steve Crane, pointing to a 25-foot tank in the warehouse of his company, \u003ca href=\"http://www.lightsail.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LightSail Energy\u003c/a> in Berkeley, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_626973\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 900px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-626973\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/LightSail-900-2.jpg\" alt=\"Steve Crane of LightSail Energy at their headquarters in Berkeley. \" width=\"900\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/LightSail-900-2.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/LightSail-900-2-400x237.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/LightSail-900-2-800x474.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/LightSail-900-2-768x455.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Steve Crane of LightSail Energy at their headquarters in Berkeley. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A scuba tank is the inspiration for his technology, which compresses air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The electrical energy is hard to hold on to,” says Crane. “Compressed air is relatively easy to store for hours or even days.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s how it works: when there’s extra electricity, Crane turns on a giant air pump. It fills the tank, compressing the air by 200 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then when electricity is needed, the air is released to drive an electric generator. The hard part has been dealing with all the heat this makes; Crane’s technology uses water to capture some of the heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any air compressor that you use, even a bicycle pump, creates heat,” says Crane. “A bicycle pump will feel warm after you’ve used it for a while.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea of storing energy by compressing air isn’t new, but other projects have stored the air in \u003ca href=\"http://caes.pnnl.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">large underground caverns\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By using tanks, LightSail’s technology would be more modular. It’s still in the early stages, with the company working on its first pilot projects. But Crane hopes it will have an edge over batteries, because it’s likely going to be cheaper and it lasts longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have a laptop or cell phone,” he says, “you know that after two to three years, you start to see significant deterioration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crane says interest has sky-rocketed for energy storage technology like his and other other non-battery approaches, such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/04/05/470810118/solar-and-wind-energy-may-be-nice-but-how-can-we-store-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ice, molten salt\u003c/a> or mechanical machines \u003ca href=\"http://amberkinetics.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">called flywheels\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nobody had ever heard of energy storage when I got into this field six or seven years ago,” he says. “Now it’s something that the governor of California talks about. However, the funding that is available for new technology in this area is pretty much zero.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research and development can take years and venture capital firms like to see faster results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if California is to meet its ambitious renewable energy goals, energy storage technology will have to catch up.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/624410/too-much-solar-in-california-not-if-you-bottle-it","authors":["239"],"categories":["science_46","science_33","science_89","science_35","science_40","science_43"],"tags":["science_188","science_283","science_138"],"featImg":"science_624413","label":"science"},"science_3340":{"type":"posts","id":"science_3340","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"3340","score":null,"sort":[1369361028000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-biggest-battery-you-havent-seen","title":"The Biggest Battery You Haven't Seen","publishDate":1369361028,"format":"aside","headTitle":"The Biggest Battery You Haven’t Seen | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_3345\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 288px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/05/PGEBatteryProject-288x162.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-3345\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3345\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/05/PGEBatteryProject-288x162.jpg\" alt=\"PG&E's Dave Fribush shows the interior of their 4MW battery storage project in San Jose. (Photo: PG&E)\" width=\"288\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">PG&E’s Dave Fribush shows the interior of their 4 MW battery storage project in San Jose. (Photo: PG&E) \u003ccite>(Courtesy of PG&E)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You probably wouldn’t notice it if you drove right past it — but this week PG&E unveiled California’s largest battery, now storing electrons in San Jose. The project is a pilot for energy storage technology, as electric utilities look for ways to balance increasing amounts of solar and wind energy on the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 4-megawatt sodium-sulfur array can power about 2,400 homes for up to seven hours. That takes a mighty big battery. “If you pulled a semi-truck up next to it, it would be about the same length and a little bit taller,” says Jon Eric Thalman of PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Storing electricity is not something utilities have traditionally done. “On the grid, we generate the amount of power that is needed, minute-by-minute,” Thalman says. “We don’t store it and have it at the ready.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the electric grid is rapidly changing in California. When the sun is shining and the wind is blowing, solar and wind farms produce electricity much like traditional power plants do. But if clouds pass over a solar project, “the change in power can be 80 percent of its output, easily,” says Thalman. “Something has to make up that drop and it happens in seconds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_3383\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 216px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/05/photo-216x162.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-3383\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/05/photo-216x162.jpg\" alt=\"The battery holds seven hours of electricity for 2,400 homes. (Photo: PG&E)\" width=\"216\" height=\"162\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3383\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The battery holds seven hours of electricity for 2,400 homes. (Photo: PG&E)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s where PG&E’s battery project comes in. While this project is small, PG&E says it’s a pilot for energy storage projects down the road. “It is one of the main ways to think about storing energy because it’s so flexible, but there are challenges as have to solve,” says Venkat Srinivasan, of the \u003ca title=\"JCESR - main\" href=\"http://www.jcesr.org/\">Joint Center for Energy Storage Research\u003c/a> at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are more expensive than we want them to be, but I think it’s a start,” he says. “It’s showing the proof of principal. I think we need more of these before we figure out if these are viable technologies that we can use on a big scale.” PG&E’s $18 million project was funded in part by a $3 million grant from the California Energy Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fluctuations in renewable energy are currently balanced by natural gas power plants. PG&E also has a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helms_Pumped_Storage_Plant\">“pumped hydro” project\u003c/a> where water is pumped uphill when there’s excess electricity and then generates power through a dam when demand peaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot things that batteries can do that traditional resources can’t,” says Thalman. “The question for utilities and the operators is: do we want to value that? Batteries and energy storage can respond a lot faster than traditional sources. That’s not something we value right now with a market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Public Utilities Commission is looking at setting energy storage goals for the state’s utilities, based on a law passed in 2010. Southern California Edison is required to \u003ca href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-02-13/edison-seeking-energy-storage-to-meet-california-requirement.html\">add at least 50 MW of energy storage\u003c/a> to the grid as part of a larger plan for new power plants.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"This week, PG&E unveiled California’s largest battery project, now storing electrons in San Jose. The project is a pilot for energy storage technology, as electric utilities look for ways to balance increasing amounts of solar and wind energy on the grid.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704935727,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":584},"headData":{"title":"The Biggest Battery You Haven't Seen | KQED","description":"This week, PG&E unveiled California’s largest battery project, now storing electrons in San Jose. The project is a pilot for energy storage technology, as electric utilities look for ways to balance increasing amounts of solar and wind energy on the grid.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/3340/the-biggest-battery-you-havent-seen","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_3345\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 288px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/05/PGEBatteryProject-288x162.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-3345\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3345\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/05/PGEBatteryProject-288x162.jpg\" alt=\"PG&E's Dave Fribush shows the interior of their 4MW battery storage project in San Jose. (Photo: PG&E)\" width=\"288\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">PG&E’s Dave Fribush shows the interior of their 4 MW battery storage project in San Jose. (Photo: PG&E) \u003ccite>(Courtesy of PG&E)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You probably wouldn’t notice it if you drove right past it — but this week PG&E unveiled California’s largest battery, now storing electrons in San Jose. The project is a pilot for energy storage technology, as electric utilities look for ways to balance increasing amounts of solar and wind energy on the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 4-megawatt sodium-sulfur array can power about 2,400 homes for up to seven hours. That takes a mighty big battery. “If you pulled a semi-truck up next to it, it would be about the same length and a little bit taller,” says Jon Eric Thalman of PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Storing electricity is not something utilities have traditionally done. “On the grid, we generate the amount of power that is needed, minute-by-minute,” Thalman says. “We don’t store it and have it at the ready.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the electric grid is rapidly changing in California. When the sun is shining and the wind is blowing, solar and wind farms produce electricity much like traditional power plants do. But if clouds pass over a solar project, “the change in power can be 80 percent of its output, easily,” says Thalman. “Something has to make up that drop and it happens in seconds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_3383\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 216px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/05/photo-216x162.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-3383\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/05/photo-216x162.jpg\" alt=\"The battery holds seven hours of electricity for 2,400 homes. (Photo: PG&E)\" width=\"216\" height=\"162\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3383\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The battery holds seven hours of electricity for 2,400 homes. (Photo: PG&E)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s where PG&E’s battery project comes in. While this project is small, PG&E says it’s a pilot for energy storage projects down the road. “It is one of the main ways to think about storing energy because it’s so flexible, but there are challenges as have to solve,” says Venkat Srinivasan, of the \u003ca title=\"JCESR - main\" href=\"http://www.jcesr.org/\">Joint Center for Energy Storage Research\u003c/a> at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are more expensive than we want them to be, but I think it’s a start,” he says. “It’s showing the proof of principal. I think we need more of these before we figure out if these are viable technologies that we can use on a big scale.” PG&E’s $18 million project was funded in part by a $3 million grant from the California Energy Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fluctuations in renewable energy are currently balanced by natural gas power plants. PG&E also has a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helms_Pumped_Storage_Plant\">“pumped hydro” project\u003c/a> where water is pumped uphill when there’s excess electricity and then generates power through a dam when demand peaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot things that batteries can do that traditional resources can’t,” says Thalman. “The question for utilities and the operators is: do we want to value that? Batteries and energy storage can respond a lot faster than traditional sources. That’s not something we value right now with a market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Public Utilities Commission is looking at setting energy storage goals for the state’s utilities, based on a law passed in 2010. Southern California Edison is required to \u003ca href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-02-13/edison-seeking-energy-storage-to-meet-california-requirement.html\">add at least 50 MW of energy storage\u003c/a> to the grid as part of a larger plan for new power plants.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/3340/the-biggest-battery-you-havent-seen","authors":["239"],"categories":["science_33","science_89","science_35","science_40","science_43"],"tags":["science_188","science_136","science_140","science_138","science_187"],"featImg":"science_3345","label":"science"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. 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The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. 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