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Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"science_1985496":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1985496","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1985496","score":null,"sort":[1703793351000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"best-bay-area-hikes-wildlife-near-me","title":"The Best Bay Area Hikes for Spotting Wildlife","publishDate":1703793351,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The Best Bay Area Hikes for Spotting Wildlife | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984932/how-can-i-protect-my-dog-from-san-francisco-coyotes\">coyotes\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1985049/how-to-see-monarch-butterflies-are-visiting-california\">monarch butterflies\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/11762/river-otters-are-thriving-all-over-the-bay-area#:~:text=River%20otters%20have%20proven%20themselves,the%20continued%20otter%20population%20growth.\">river otters\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/27260/banana-slugs-secret-of-the-slime\">banana slugs\u003c/a>, the Bay Area — and California more widely — offers an incredible array of wildlife and biodiversity on our front doorstep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you have loved ones visiting for the holiday season, it’s a great time to get outdoors on a hike to see the many species of slimy, furry, majestic animals California has to offer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#besthikessanfrancisco\">Wildlife hikes in San Francisco\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#besthikeseastbay\">Wildlife hikes in East Bay\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#besthikesnorthbay\">Wildlife hikes in North Bay\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#besthikessouthbay\">Wildlife hikes in South Bay and the Peninsula\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>California is home to over 30,000 species of plants and animals — and over half of them are in the Bay Area alone. The state is a hotspot for biodiversity thanks to its Mediterranean climate, our huge degree of latitudes and the wide range of habitats for plants and animals. With our soaring mountains and low-valley deserts, we also have the greatest range of elevation of any state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985513\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985513\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A banana slug eats from the soil in the Big Basin area of the Santa Cruz Mountains. \u003ccite>(Melina Mara/The Washington Post via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Those latitudinal gradients also create all these different climates for different plants and animals to live in as well,” said Alison Young, co-director of the Center for Biodiversity and Community Science at the California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area has many different ecosystems, from oak woodlands to shrubby chaparral, grasslands and redwood forests, said Julie Andersen, senior wildlife biologist at Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District. Each area hosts unique animal species, from acorn woodpeckers to kangaroo rats, burrowing owls, banana slugs and migratory birds. We are also located along the \u003ca href=\"https://www.audubon.org/pacific-flyway\">Pacific Flyway\u003c/a>, a major flight path for migratory birds in the Americas, extending from Alaska to Patagonia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Learning how to coexist with nature, providing pathways for wildlife, and being respectful will hopefully allow our amazing wildlife species to continue to thrive,” Andersen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#tellus\">Tell us: What else would you like to read a guide to from KQED?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>All this means that we’re spoiled for choice in the Bay Area and beyond for hikes that offer the chance to see a wide range of wildlife. And as for where the experts themselves favor, Young, a marine biologist, said she especially loves exploring the different tide pools in the Bay Area. Nudibranchs, seastars, and anemones are some of her favorite finds when out tide pooling, like those at \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Marine/MPAs/Duxbury-Reef\">Duxbury Reef\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.smcgov.org/parks/fitzgerald-marine-reserve\">Fitzgerald Marine Reserve\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.treesandtents.com/trailguide/pillar-point-loop-easy-coastal-walk-near-half-moon-bay/#:~:text=When%20the%20weather%20is%20stormy,the%20famous%20Mavericks%20surf%20break.\">Pillar Points and Mavericks Cliffs Trail\u003c/a>. (Mark your calendars for the best times during the day to enjoy tide pools around the holidays, according to Young: The weekend after Thanksgiving, on Christmas Eve, Christmas Day and the day after Christmas.)[aside postID='science_1985049,news_11910495,news_11953794' label='Related coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I talk to people about tide pooling, everyone’s always like, “Oh, like it’s great, but you just have to wake up so early in the morning. I just can’t do it.” But this time of year in the winter, our low tides are actually in the afternoon,” Young said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For an optimal tide-pooling experience, Young advises people to look for low tides between -1.0 feet and -1.4 feet on tide charts like \u003ca href=\"https://www.saltwatertides.com/\">Saltwater Tides\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/tide_predictions.html\">NOAA Tide Predictions\u003c/a>. She also advises folks to wear rubber boots or shoes with good tread to avoid slipping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1930228\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1930228\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emily Otstott, a graduate student at San Francisco State University, searches for nudibranchs in the tidepools at Pillar Point, just north of Half Moon Bay, California, as part of her work for the California Academy of Sciences. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Keep reading for a list of some favorite Bay Area trails from the \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/HZzRC0R94PIrAv8rCwOQ7m?domain=url.avanan.click\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> and KQED staff that showcase our magnificent biodiversity. Be sure to \u003ca href=\"https://www.inaturalist.org/\">download the iNaturalist app\u003c/a>, log your sightings, and have a great time admiring our wonderful wildlife. \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/edit?mid=1AD26VqjvhrvZt9EGcWGf_ol-0j-dj5s&usp=sharing\">You can also consult our map of the best wildlife hikes around the Bay Area:\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/embed?mid=1AD26VqjvhrvZt9EGcWGf_ol-0j-dj5s&ehbc=2E312F&ll=37.82111339029839%2C-122.2362494962034&z=9\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"besthikessanfrancisco\">\u003c/a>Wildlife hikes in San Francisco\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parksconservancy.org/gallery/red-tailed-hawk\">See the red-tailed hawk in the Golden Gate Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>While you’re in the area, don’t forget to pay a visit to the \u003ca href=\"https://sfrecpark.org/facilities/facility/details/Bison-Paddock-224\">bison paddock at Golden Gate Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/independentlens/documentaries/wildparrots/\">See some wild parrots on Telegraph Hill\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Don’t forget about the sea lions on \u003ca href=\"https://www.pier39.com/sealions/\">Pier 39 in Embarcadero\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>See swans and turtles at the \u003ca href=\"https://palaceoffinearts.com/\">Palace of Fine Arts\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you’re on \u003ca href=\"https://goldengateaudubon.org/conservation/snowy-plovers/snowy-plovers-in-san-francisco/\">Ocean Beach\u003c/a>, be on the lookout for Snowy Plovers (and if you’ve got a pole and snare, Dungeness Crab!)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>There are a few places in San Francisco where you might be able to see coyotes, such as Glen Canyon Park, Presidio, McLaren Park and Golden Gate Park. However, be warned that the number of conflicts between coyotes and people with dogs has been on the rise. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984932/how-can-i-protect-my-dog-from-san-francisco-coyotes\">Here’s a guide about how to keep yourself and your pets safe with coyotes around\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985509\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985509\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut.jpg\" alt=\"bison-golden-gate-park\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco has been replenishing the bison herd in Golden Gate Park since the late 1800s. \u003ccite>(Erasmo Martinez)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"besthikesnorthbay\">\u003c/a>Wildlife hikes in North Bay\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Head on over to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/nature/tule_elk.htm\">Point Reyes National Seashore in Marin\u003c/a> to see tule elk, a native to California.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=450\">Armstrong Redwoods in Sonoma\u003c/a> is a great spot to see some banana slugs, especially after the rain.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>One recommended spot to see spawning salmon is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/planyourvisit/wildlife_viewing_cohosalmon.htm\">Leo T. Cronin Fish Viewing Area\u003c/a> in Marin. The best time to see them is from early October to late December.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you’re at \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/muwo/index.htm\">Muir Woods National Monument\u003c/a>, be sure to look around for banana slugs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>See river otters at \u003ca href=\"https://www.sonomacounty.com/lodging/spring-lake-regional-park\">Spring Lake Regional Park in Sonoma\u003c/a>. Take part in the \u003ca href=\"https://riverotterecology.org/otter-spotter-community-based-science/\">Otter Spotter\u003c/a>, a community science program designed to collect, map and save otter sightings.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Looking to do some kayaking to see some bioluminescent plankton? Book a tour in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/nature/otherlifeforms.htm\">Tomales Bay\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1983841/glittering-tides-where-to-spot-bioluminescence-in-the-bay-area\">read our KQED guide to spotting bioluminescence\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The annual gray whale migration blows through Sonoma County from January to May, with good opportunities for whale spotting\u003ca href=\"https://www.sonomacounty.com/articles/whale-watching-along-sonoma-coast\"> all along the Sonoma Coast\u003c/a>, like at Salt Point State Park. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11953794/where-can-i-see-whales-around-the-bay-area\">Read KQED’s guide to seeing whales around the Bay Area.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Marine/MPAs/Duxbury-Reef\">Duxbury Reef\u003c/a> in the southernmost part of Point Reyes in Marin is a great spot for tide pooling.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985512\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985512\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1294\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut-800x539.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut-768x518.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">North American river otter (Lontra canadensis). \u003ccite>(C. Dani and I. Jeske / De Agostini Picture Library via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"besthikeseastbay\">\u003c/a>Wildlife hikes in East Bay\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Head to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/tilden\">Tilden Regional Park\u003c/a>, Berkeley, to see banana slugs, newts, and salamanders. Take note that some roads in the park are closed to make way for newt crossings during newt migration season from November until March.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/reinhardt-redwood\">Reinhardt Redwood Regional Park\u003c/a> is also another great place to see banana slugs and salamanders, especially during or after the rain. “I think visiting the redwoods when it’s raining is one of the most magical things you can do,” Young said.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Not a trail, but a great spot to see the fastest bird in the world, the Peregrine Falcon. The falcons have called the \u003ca href=\"https://visit.berkeley.edu/campus-attractions/campanile\">Historic Campanile\u003c/a> on the UC Berkeley Campus their home since 2016. \u003ca href=\"https://calfalcons.berkeley.edu/\">See them live via their webcams\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>You might also be able to see more Peregrine Falcons in \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/castle-rock\">Castle Rock Regional Recreation Area\u003c/a>, Contra Costa.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you’re looking for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984392/its-tarantula-mating-season-in-the-bay-area-heres-where-to-see-some-fuzzy-friends\">tarantulas during their mating season\u003c/a> (peaks in mid-October),\u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/sunol\"> Sunol Regional Wilderness\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/mountdiablo/\">Mount Diablo\u003c/a> are great places to see them.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>To see some turkeys in the area, you can head on over to the Strawberry Creek fire trail in \u003ca href=\"https://recwell.berkeley.edu/self-guided-adventures-strawberry-canyon/\">Strawberry Canyon\u003c/a> in Berkeley.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>You can see rabbits, lizards, snowy egrets, scaup and many other birds at \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/martin-luther-king\">Martin Luther King Shoreline Park\u003c/a> in Oakland.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Bat rays and night herons at \u003ca href=\"https://www.lakemerritt.org/\">Lake Merrit\u003c/a> are animals you can look out for in Oakland.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>During the winter, western monarch butterflies make their way to a number of overwintering sites in the Bay Area. You can also see them at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/ardenwood\">Ardenwood Historic Farm,\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://berkeleyca.gov/community-recreation/parks-recreation/parks/aquatic-park\">Berkeley Aquatic Park\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.albanyca.org/Home/Components/FacilityDirectory/FacilityDirectory/56/1670\">Albany Hill Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984337\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984337\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A view of tall redwood trees seen towering above.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reinhardt Redwood Regional Park is a sprawling forest featuring redwood groves and rare wildlife, as well as trails, picnic areas and campsites. \u003ccite>(John Hudson Photography/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"besthikessouthbay\">\u003c/a>Wildlife hikes in South Bay and on the Peninsula\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=27619\">Franklin Point Trail\u003c/a> in San Mateo leads to dunes and magnificent empty beaches. Once on the lookout, you might be able to get quite close to elephant seals. There’s also a chance to see whales, dolphins, and seabirds around.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>During a low tide, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.smcgov.org/parks/fitzgerald-marine-reserve\">Fitzgerald Marine Reserve\u003c/a> in San Mateo is a great place to enjoy the tide pools. You can see sea creatures like nudibranchs and sea stars.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"https://openspacetrust.org/hike/mindego-hill/\">Mindego Hill trail in the Russian Ridge Open Space Preserve\u003c/a> is a favorite location for bobcats and rabbits. If this strenuous hike is not for you, another recommendation is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.alltrails.com/trail/us/california/ancient-oaks\">Ancient Oaks trail\u003c/a> — a great place to see woodland birds.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_77890\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 3627px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-77890\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"3627\" height=\"2258\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o.jpg 3627w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-400x249.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-800x498.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-1440x896.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-1180x735.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-960x598.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3627px) 100vw, 3627px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A northern elephant seal along the California coast. Elephant seals come out of the water to molt between May and July and to breed between December and April. \u003ccite>(Frank Schulenburg/flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Beyond the Bay Area\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>You can see western monarchs overwintering at the Monarch Butterfly Grove in \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=541\">Natural Bridges State Beach in Santa Cruz\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=666\">Forest of Nisene Marks State Park\u003c/a> in Santa Cruz, just south of the Peninsula, is a great hiking area, and you’re bound to see a banana slug or two on your hikes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/henrycowell/\">Henry Cowell Redwoods State Park\u003c/a> in Felton has some great trails to see banana slugs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>See California condors and rare bats at \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pinn/\">Pinnacles National Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Enjoy a coastal hike and see some cool tide pools at \u003ca href=\"https://www.treesandtents.com/trailguide/pillar-point-loop-easy-coastal-walk-near-half-moon-bay/#:~:text=When%20the%20weather%20is%20stormy,the%20famous%20Mavericks%20surf%20break.\">Pillar Point and Mavericks Cliff trail\u003c/a> in Half Moon Bay.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>See migrating Sandhill Cranes near \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Regions/3/Crane-Tour\">Lodi in the California Delta\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983212\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1983212\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A monarch butterfly rests on a plant outside.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A monarch butterfly lands on a plant growing in the schoolyard at International Community School in Oakland on Oct. 20, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"tellus\">\u003c/a>Tell us: What else would you like an explainer on from KQED?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At KQED News, we know that it can sometimes be hard to track down the answers to navigate life in the Bay Area in 2023. We’ve published \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/coronavirus-resources-and-explainers\">clear, practical explainers and guides about COVID-19\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11936674/how-to-prepare-for-this-weeks-atmospheric-river-storm-sandbags-emergency-kits-and-more\">how to cope with intense winter weather\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821950/how-to-safely-attend-a-protest-in-the-bay-area\">how to exercise your right to protest safely\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So tell us: What do you need to know more about? Tell us, and you could see your question answered online or on social media. What you submit will make our reporting stronger, and help us decide what to cover here on our site and on KQED Public Radio, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[hearken id=\"10483\" src=\"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/10483.js\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published on November 24.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"If you’re looking for holiday hikes near you in the Bay Area, we’ve rounded up our recommendations for the best ones that offer the chance to spot some of our region’s incredible wildlife.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704845787,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/embed"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":1798},"headData":{"title":"The Best Bay Area Hikes for Spotting Wildlife | KQED","description":"If you’re looking for holiday hikes near you in the Bay Area, we’ve rounded up our recommendations for the best ones that offer the chance to spot some of our region’s incredible wildlife.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Best Bay Area Hikes for Spotting Wildlife","datePublished":"2023-12-28T19:55:51.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:16:27.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1985496/best-bay-area-hikes-wildlife-near-me","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984932/how-can-i-protect-my-dog-from-san-francisco-coyotes\">coyotes\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1985049/how-to-see-monarch-butterflies-are-visiting-california\">monarch butterflies\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/11762/river-otters-are-thriving-all-over-the-bay-area#:~:text=River%20otters%20have%20proven%20themselves,the%20continued%20otter%20population%20growth.\">river otters\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/27260/banana-slugs-secret-of-the-slime\">banana slugs\u003c/a>, the Bay Area — and California more widely — offers an incredible array of wildlife and biodiversity on our front doorstep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you have loved ones visiting for the holiday season, it’s a great time to get outdoors on a hike to see the many species of slimy, furry, majestic animals California has to offer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#besthikessanfrancisco\">Wildlife hikes in San Francisco\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#besthikeseastbay\">Wildlife hikes in East Bay\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#besthikesnorthbay\">Wildlife hikes in North Bay\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#besthikessouthbay\">Wildlife hikes in South Bay and the Peninsula\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>California is home to over 30,000 species of plants and animals — and over half of them are in the Bay Area alone. The state is a hotspot for biodiversity thanks to its Mediterranean climate, our huge degree of latitudes and the wide range of habitats for plants and animals. With our soaring mountains and low-valley deserts, we also have the greatest range of elevation of any state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985513\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985513\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A banana slug eats from the soil in the Big Basin area of the Santa Cruz Mountains. \u003ccite>(Melina Mara/The Washington Post via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Those latitudinal gradients also create all these different climates for different plants and animals to live in as well,” said Alison Young, co-director of the Center for Biodiversity and Community Science at the California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area has many different ecosystems, from oak woodlands to shrubby chaparral, grasslands and redwood forests, said Julie Andersen, senior wildlife biologist at Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District. Each area hosts unique animal species, from acorn woodpeckers to kangaroo rats, burrowing owls, banana slugs and migratory birds. We are also located along the \u003ca href=\"https://www.audubon.org/pacific-flyway\">Pacific Flyway\u003c/a>, a major flight path for migratory birds in the Americas, extending from Alaska to Patagonia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Learning how to coexist with nature, providing pathways for wildlife, and being respectful will hopefully allow our amazing wildlife species to continue to thrive,” Andersen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#tellus\">Tell us: What else would you like to read a guide to from KQED?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>All this means that we’re spoiled for choice in the Bay Area and beyond for hikes that offer the chance to see a wide range of wildlife. And as for where the experts themselves favor, Young, a marine biologist, said she especially loves exploring the different tide pools in the Bay Area. Nudibranchs, seastars, and anemones are some of her favorite finds when out tide pooling, like those at \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Marine/MPAs/Duxbury-Reef\">Duxbury Reef\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.smcgov.org/parks/fitzgerald-marine-reserve\">Fitzgerald Marine Reserve\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.treesandtents.com/trailguide/pillar-point-loop-easy-coastal-walk-near-half-moon-bay/#:~:text=When%20the%20weather%20is%20stormy,the%20famous%20Mavericks%20surf%20break.\">Pillar Points and Mavericks Cliffs Trail\u003c/a>. (Mark your calendars for the best times during the day to enjoy tide pools around the holidays, according to Young: The weekend after Thanksgiving, on Christmas Eve, Christmas Day and the day after Christmas.)\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1985049,news_11910495,news_11953794","label":"Related coverage "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I talk to people about tide pooling, everyone’s always like, “Oh, like it’s great, but you just have to wake up so early in the morning. I just can’t do it.” But this time of year in the winter, our low tides are actually in the afternoon,” Young said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For an optimal tide-pooling experience, Young advises people to look for low tides between -1.0 feet and -1.4 feet on tide charts like \u003ca href=\"https://www.saltwatertides.com/\">Saltwater Tides\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/tide_predictions.html\">NOAA Tide Predictions\u003c/a>. She also advises folks to wear rubber boots or shoes with good tread to avoid slipping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1930228\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1930228\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emily Otstott, a graduate student at San Francisco State University, searches for nudibranchs in the tidepools at Pillar Point, just north of Half Moon Bay, California, as part of her work for the California Academy of Sciences. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Keep reading for a list of some favorite Bay Area trails from the \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/HZzRC0R94PIrAv8rCwOQ7m?domain=url.avanan.click\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> and KQED staff that showcase our magnificent biodiversity. Be sure to \u003ca href=\"https://www.inaturalist.org/\">download the iNaturalist app\u003c/a>, log your sightings, and have a great time admiring our wonderful wildlife. \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/edit?mid=1AD26VqjvhrvZt9EGcWGf_ol-0j-dj5s&usp=sharing\">You can also consult our map of the best wildlife hikes around the Bay Area:\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/embed?mid=1AD26VqjvhrvZt9EGcWGf_ol-0j-dj5s&ehbc=2E312F&ll=37.82111339029839%2C-122.2362494962034&z=9\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"besthikessanfrancisco\">\u003c/a>Wildlife hikes in San Francisco\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parksconservancy.org/gallery/red-tailed-hawk\">See the red-tailed hawk in the Golden Gate Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>While you’re in the area, don’t forget to pay a visit to the \u003ca href=\"https://sfrecpark.org/facilities/facility/details/Bison-Paddock-224\">bison paddock at Golden Gate Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/independentlens/documentaries/wildparrots/\">See some wild parrots on Telegraph Hill\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Don’t forget about the sea lions on \u003ca href=\"https://www.pier39.com/sealions/\">Pier 39 in Embarcadero\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>See swans and turtles at the \u003ca href=\"https://palaceoffinearts.com/\">Palace of Fine Arts\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you’re on \u003ca href=\"https://goldengateaudubon.org/conservation/snowy-plovers/snowy-plovers-in-san-francisco/\">Ocean Beach\u003c/a>, be on the lookout for Snowy Plovers (and if you’ve got a pole and snare, Dungeness Crab!)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>There are a few places in San Francisco where you might be able to see coyotes, such as Glen Canyon Park, Presidio, McLaren Park and Golden Gate Park. However, be warned that the number of conflicts between coyotes and people with dogs has been on the rise. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984932/how-can-i-protect-my-dog-from-san-francisco-coyotes\">Here’s a guide about how to keep yourself and your pets safe with coyotes around\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985509\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985509\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut.jpg\" alt=\"bison-golden-gate-park\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco has been replenishing the bison herd in Golden Gate Park since the late 1800s. \u003ccite>(Erasmo Martinez)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"besthikesnorthbay\">\u003c/a>Wildlife hikes in North Bay\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Head on over to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/nature/tule_elk.htm\">Point Reyes National Seashore in Marin\u003c/a> to see tule elk, a native to California.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=450\">Armstrong Redwoods in Sonoma\u003c/a> is a great spot to see some banana slugs, especially after the rain.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>One recommended spot to see spawning salmon is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/planyourvisit/wildlife_viewing_cohosalmon.htm\">Leo T. Cronin Fish Viewing Area\u003c/a> in Marin. The best time to see them is from early October to late December.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you’re at \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/muwo/index.htm\">Muir Woods National Monument\u003c/a>, be sure to look around for banana slugs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>See river otters at \u003ca href=\"https://www.sonomacounty.com/lodging/spring-lake-regional-park\">Spring Lake Regional Park in Sonoma\u003c/a>. Take part in the \u003ca href=\"https://riverotterecology.org/otter-spotter-community-based-science/\">Otter Spotter\u003c/a>, a community science program designed to collect, map and save otter sightings.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Looking to do some kayaking to see some bioluminescent plankton? Book a tour in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/nature/otherlifeforms.htm\">Tomales Bay\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1983841/glittering-tides-where-to-spot-bioluminescence-in-the-bay-area\">read our KQED guide to spotting bioluminescence\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The annual gray whale migration blows through Sonoma County from January to May, with good opportunities for whale spotting\u003ca href=\"https://www.sonomacounty.com/articles/whale-watching-along-sonoma-coast\"> all along the Sonoma Coast\u003c/a>, like at Salt Point State Park. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11953794/where-can-i-see-whales-around-the-bay-area\">Read KQED’s guide to seeing whales around the Bay Area.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Marine/MPAs/Duxbury-Reef\">Duxbury Reef\u003c/a> in the southernmost part of Point Reyes in Marin is a great spot for tide pooling.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985512\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985512\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1294\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut-800x539.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut-768x518.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">North American river otter (Lontra canadensis). \u003ccite>(C. Dani and I. Jeske / De Agostini Picture Library via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"besthikeseastbay\">\u003c/a>Wildlife hikes in East Bay\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Head to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/tilden\">Tilden Regional Park\u003c/a>, Berkeley, to see banana slugs, newts, and salamanders. Take note that some roads in the park are closed to make way for newt crossings during newt migration season from November until March.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/reinhardt-redwood\">Reinhardt Redwood Regional Park\u003c/a> is also another great place to see banana slugs and salamanders, especially during or after the rain. “I think visiting the redwoods when it’s raining is one of the most magical things you can do,” Young said.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Not a trail, but a great spot to see the fastest bird in the world, the Peregrine Falcon. The falcons have called the \u003ca href=\"https://visit.berkeley.edu/campus-attractions/campanile\">Historic Campanile\u003c/a> on the UC Berkeley Campus their home since 2016. \u003ca href=\"https://calfalcons.berkeley.edu/\">See them live via their webcams\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>You might also be able to see more Peregrine Falcons in \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/castle-rock\">Castle Rock Regional Recreation Area\u003c/a>, Contra Costa.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you’re looking for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984392/its-tarantula-mating-season-in-the-bay-area-heres-where-to-see-some-fuzzy-friends\">tarantulas during their mating season\u003c/a> (peaks in mid-October),\u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/sunol\"> Sunol Regional Wilderness\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/mountdiablo/\">Mount Diablo\u003c/a> are great places to see them.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>To see some turkeys in the area, you can head on over to the Strawberry Creek fire trail in \u003ca href=\"https://recwell.berkeley.edu/self-guided-adventures-strawberry-canyon/\">Strawberry Canyon\u003c/a> in Berkeley.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>You can see rabbits, lizards, snowy egrets, scaup and many other birds at \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/martin-luther-king\">Martin Luther King Shoreline Park\u003c/a> in Oakland.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Bat rays and night herons at \u003ca href=\"https://www.lakemerritt.org/\">Lake Merrit\u003c/a> are animals you can look out for in Oakland.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>During the winter, western monarch butterflies make their way to a number of overwintering sites in the Bay Area. You can also see them at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/ardenwood\">Ardenwood Historic Farm,\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://berkeleyca.gov/community-recreation/parks-recreation/parks/aquatic-park\">Berkeley Aquatic Park\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.albanyca.org/Home/Components/FacilityDirectory/FacilityDirectory/56/1670\">Albany Hill Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984337\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984337\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A view of tall redwood trees seen towering above.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reinhardt Redwood Regional Park is a sprawling forest featuring redwood groves and rare wildlife, as well as trails, picnic areas and campsites. \u003ccite>(John Hudson Photography/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"besthikessouthbay\">\u003c/a>Wildlife hikes in South Bay and on the Peninsula\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=27619\">Franklin Point Trail\u003c/a> in San Mateo leads to dunes and magnificent empty beaches. Once on the lookout, you might be able to get quite close to elephant seals. There’s also a chance to see whales, dolphins, and seabirds around.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>During a low tide, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.smcgov.org/parks/fitzgerald-marine-reserve\">Fitzgerald Marine Reserve\u003c/a> in San Mateo is a great place to enjoy the tide pools. You can see sea creatures like nudibranchs and sea stars.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"https://openspacetrust.org/hike/mindego-hill/\">Mindego Hill trail in the Russian Ridge Open Space Preserve\u003c/a> is a favorite location for bobcats and rabbits. If this strenuous hike is not for you, another recommendation is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.alltrails.com/trail/us/california/ancient-oaks\">Ancient Oaks trail\u003c/a> — a great place to see woodland birds.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_77890\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 3627px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-77890\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"3627\" height=\"2258\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o.jpg 3627w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-400x249.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-800x498.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-1440x896.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-1180x735.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-960x598.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3627px) 100vw, 3627px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A northern elephant seal along the California coast. Elephant seals come out of the water to molt between May and July and to breed between December and April. \u003ccite>(Frank Schulenburg/flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Beyond the Bay Area\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>You can see western monarchs overwintering at the Monarch Butterfly Grove in \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=541\">Natural Bridges State Beach in Santa Cruz\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=666\">Forest of Nisene Marks State Park\u003c/a> in Santa Cruz, just south of the Peninsula, is a great hiking area, and you’re bound to see a banana slug or two on your hikes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/henrycowell/\">Henry Cowell Redwoods State Park\u003c/a> in Felton has some great trails to see banana slugs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>See California condors and rare bats at \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pinn/\">Pinnacles National Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Enjoy a coastal hike and see some cool tide pools at \u003ca href=\"https://www.treesandtents.com/trailguide/pillar-point-loop-easy-coastal-walk-near-half-moon-bay/#:~:text=When%20the%20weather%20is%20stormy,the%20famous%20Mavericks%20surf%20break.\">Pillar Point and Mavericks Cliff trail\u003c/a> in Half Moon Bay.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>See migrating Sandhill Cranes near \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Regions/3/Crane-Tour\">Lodi in the California Delta\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983212\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1983212\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A monarch butterfly rests on a plant outside.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A monarch butterfly lands on a plant growing in the schoolyard at International Community School in Oakland on Oct. 20, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"tellus\">\u003c/a>Tell us: What else would you like an explainer on from KQED?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At KQED News, we know that it can sometimes be hard to track down the answers to navigate life in the Bay Area in 2023. We’ve published \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/coronavirus-resources-and-explainers\">clear, practical explainers and guides about COVID-19\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11936674/how-to-prepare-for-this-weeks-atmospheric-river-storm-sandbags-emergency-kits-and-more\">how to cope with intense winter weather\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821950/how-to-safely-attend-a-protest-in-the-bay-area\">how to exercise your right to protest safely\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So tell us: What do you need to know more about? Tell us, and you could see your question answered online or on social media. What you submit will make our reporting stronger, and help us decide what to cover here on our site and on KQED Public Radio, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"hearken","attributes":{"named":{"id":"10483","src":"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/10483.js","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published on November 24.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1985496/best-bay-area-hikes-wildlife-near-me","authors":["11631"],"categories":["science_2874","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_119","science_2265","science_1120","science_4992","science_454","science_261","science_192","science_4417","science_254","science_2549","science_2053","science_179","science_4729","science_804"],"featImg":"science_1985498","label":"science"},"science_1984392":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1984392","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1984392","score":null,"sort":[1695898843000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"its-tarantula-mating-season-in-the-bay-area-heres-where-to-see-some-fuzzy-friends","title":"It's Tarantula Mating Season in the Bay Area: Here's Where to See Some Fuzzy Friends","publishDate":1695898843,"format":"standard","headTitle":"It’s Tarantula Mating Season in the Bay Area: Here’s Where to See Some Fuzzy Friends | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>If you’ve been hiking in the East Bay hills or places like Mount Diablo, you might’ve noticed more \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jachristian/status/1703465105701425292?s=46&t=PMxn5DJx4Cr-fWgaQBUvVA\">tarantulas\u003c/a> than usual. That’s because it’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1950117/tarantulas-take-hooking-up-to-the-next-level\">tarantula migration season\u003c/a>, and it’s when these fascinating eight-legged, hairy creatures come out to mate. Tarantula mating season here in the Bay Area typically starts in mid-September and peaks around mid-October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But fear not, although tarantulas might look creepy, they’re harmless creatures and are afraid of humans. They’re actually trying to get away from us. Because they can “hear” with their feet — they don’t have ears but nerves that can detect sounds like footsteps from a distance and will try their best to go in the opposite direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spiders are highly adaptable creatures and are an incredibly important part of our ecosystem, said Lauren Esposito, curator of Arachnology at the California Academy of Sciences. Esposito runs a research lab at the academy that studies the evolution of arachnids, including spiders, scorpions and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike some other species of spiders that use silk to build webs to capture prey, tarantulas use their silk to create a mat that they use as a sensory extension system, which allows them to hear with the tiny organs in their feet when they’re standing on the silk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/jachristian/status/1703465105701425292?s=46&t=PMxn5DJx4Cr-fWgaQBUvVA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the spiders you might see crawling around during this season are almost entirely male tarantulas looking for a female burrow, a den that looks like a hole that the spider dug in the ground with its fangs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way that they identify [the female tarantulas] is by smelling the silk,” said Esposito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The female tarantulas live in their burrows almost their entire lives and very rarely come out. Because they have that nice silk mat, they can sense when an insect walks by and scurry out to grab it before retreating to the safety of their burrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The females lay down pheromones or chemical signals that indicate to the males that they’re of the same species. And as the male approaches the female’s burrow, he’ll smell the silk to make sure he’s on the right track. He’ll then communicate with the female by tapping on the silk, which she can hear with the “ears” on her feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If she doesn’t react aggressively, it’s usually a signal that the male may enter her burrow, an invitation to mate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afterwards, he’ll leave. “He doesn’t hang around and goes back to construct his own burrow and resume his life for the rest of the year,” said Esposito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once she’s mated with the male, the female tarantula will lay eggs that are fertilized, and those eggs will stay down in her burrow. The young hatch and emerge sometime in the spring. They’ll soon leave and start digging their own burrow somewhere in the ecosystem nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984418\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984418\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/DL619_tarantula_on_road_line-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A Large furry spider on a road.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/DL619_tarantula_on_road_line-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/DL619_tarantula_on_road_line-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/DL619_tarantula_on_road_line-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/DL619_tarantula_on_road_line-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/DL619_tarantula_on_road_line-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/DL619_tarantula_on_road_line-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Newly-mature Texas brown tarantulas (Aphonopelma hentzi) cross a rural road in southeastern Colorado, in search of potential mates. \u003ccite>(Kevin Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For the past 300 million years, spiders of all kinds have managed to find adaptations that enable them to survive and thrive in virtually every ecosystem on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are spiders that live completely underwater. Spiders that live in the desert, like in Death Valley. There are spiders that build webs in the canopy of trees and other spiders that only build a tiny, teeny, web in between fallen leaves on the forest floor,” said Esposito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='science_1950117,science_1917913,science_1969661' label='Related coverage']Some of the best places to see tarantulas around the Bay Area are in the region’s grassy oak woodlands. They tend not to be in the redwoods or more densely forested areas in as high numbers, according to Esposito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few places where you might be able to spot tarantulas are Del Valle, Sunol Regional Wilderness, Mount Diablo, Henry W. Coe State Park, Black Diamond Mines in Antioch, Ed R. Levin Park, and the Stanford Dish Loop trail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those eager to learn more about these fuzzy friends, a few events to look out for to join others in searching for tarantulas include: \u003ca href=\"https://coepark.net/fall-tarantula-fest/\">Coe Park Tarantula Fest\u003c/a> on Oct. 7 at Henry Coe State Park and \u003ca href=\"https://anc.apm.activecommunities.com/ebparks/activity/search/detail/49523?onlineSiteId=0&from_original_cui=true\">East Bay Regional Park District Tarantula Trek\u003c/a> in Del Valle Regional Park on Oct. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A few places where you might be able to spot tarantulas are Del Valle, Sunol Regional Wilderness, Mount Diablo, Henry Coe State Park, Black Diamond Mines in Antioch, Ed R. Levin Park, and the Stanford Dish Loop trail.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704845892,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":765},"headData":{"title":"It's Tarantula Mating Season in the Bay Area: Here's Where to See Some Fuzzy Friends | KQED","description":"A few places where you might be able to spot tarantulas are Del Valle, Sunol Regional Wilderness, Mount Diablo, Henry Coe State Park, Black Diamond Mines in Antioch, Ed R. Levin Park, and the Stanford Dish Loop trail.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"It's Tarantula Mating Season in the Bay Area: Here's Where to See Some Fuzzy Friends","datePublished":"2023-09-28T11:00:43.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:18:12.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1984392/its-tarantula-mating-season-in-the-bay-area-heres-where-to-see-some-fuzzy-friends","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you’ve been hiking in the East Bay hills or places like Mount Diablo, you might’ve noticed more \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jachristian/status/1703465105701425292?s=46&t=PMxn5DJx4Cr-fWgaQBUvVA\">tarantulas\u003c/a> than usual. That’s because it’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1950117/tarantulas-take-hooking-up-to-the-next-level\">tarantula migration season\u003c/a>, and it’s when these fascinating eight-legged, hairy creatures come out to mate. Tarantula mating season here in the Bay Area typically starts in mid-September and peaks around mid-October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But fear not, although tarantulas might look creepy, they’re harmless creatures and are afraid of humans. They’re actually trying to get away from us. Because they can “hear” with their feet — they don’t have ears but nerves that can detect sounds like footsteps from a distance and will try their best to go in the opposite direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spiders are highly adaptable creatures and are an incredibly important part of our ecosystem, said Lauren Esposito, curator of Arachnology at the California Academy of Sciences. Esposito runs a research lab at the academy that studies the evolution of arachnids, including spiders, scorpions and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike some other species of spiders that use silk to build webs to capture prey, tarantulas use their silk to create a mat that they use as a sensory extension system, which allows them to hear with the tiny organs in their feet when they’re standing on the silk.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1703465105701425292"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>She said the spiders you might see crawling around during this season are almost entirely male tarantulas looking for a female burrow, a den that looks like a hole that the spider dug in the ground with its fangs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way that they identify [the female tarantulas] is by smelling the silk,” said Esposito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The female tarantulas live in their burrows almost their entire lives and very rarely come out. Because they have that nice silk mat, they can sense when an insect walks by and scurry out to grab it before retreating to the safety of their burrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The females lay down pheromones or chemical signals that indicate to the males that they’re of the same species. And as the male approaches the female’s burrow, he’ll smell the silk to make sure he’s on the right track. He’ll then communicate with the female by tapping on the silk, which she can hear with the “ears” on her feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If she doesn’t react aggressively, it’s usually a signal that the male may enter her burrow, an invitation to mate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afterwards, he’ll leave. “He doesn’t hang around and goes back to construct his own burrow and resume his life for the rest of the year,” said Esposito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once she’s mated with the male, the female tarantula will lay eggs that are fertilized, and those eggs will stay down in her burrow. The young hatch and emerge sometime in the spring. They’ll soon leave and start digging their own burrow somewhere in the ecosystem nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984418\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984418\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/DL619_tarantula_on_road_line-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A Large furry spider on a road.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/DL619_tarantula_on_road_line-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/DL619_tarantula_on_road_line-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/DL619_tarantula_on_road_line-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/DL619_tarantula_on_road_line-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/DL619_tarantula_on_road_line-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/DL619_tarantula_on_road_line-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Newly-mature Texas brown tarantulas (Aphonopelma hentzi) cross a rural road in southeastern Colorado, in search of potential mates. \u003ccite>(Kevin Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For the past 300 million years, spiders of all kinds have managed to find adaptations that enable them to survive and thrive in virtually every ecosystem on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are spiders that live completely underwater. Spiders that live in the desert, like in Death Valley. There are spiders that build webs in the canopy of trees and other spiders that only build a tiny, teeny, web in between fallen leaves on the forest floor,” said Esposito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1950117,science_1917913,science_1969661","label":"Related coverage "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Some of the best places to see tarantulas around the Bay Area are in the region’s grassy oak woodlands. They tend not to be in the redwoods or more densely forested areas in as high numbers, according to Esposito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few places where you might be able to spot tarantulas are Del Valle, Sunol Regional Wilderness, Mount Diablo, Henry W. Coe State Park, Black Diamond Mines in Antioch, Ed R. Levin Park, and the Stanford Dish Loop trail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those eager to learn more about these fuzzy friends, a few events to look out for to join others in searching for tarantulas include: \u003ca href=\"https://coepark.net/fall-tarantula-fest/\">Coe Park Tarantula Fest\u003c/a> on Oct. 7 at Henry Coe State Park and \u003ca href=\"https://anc.apm.activecommunities.com/ebparks/activity/search/detail/49523?onlineSiteId=0&from_original_cui=true\">East Bay Regional Park District Tarantula Trek\u003c/a> in Del Valle Regional Park on Oct. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1984392/its-tarantula-mating-season-in-the-bay-area-heres-where-to-see-some-fuzzy-friends","authors":["11631"],"categories":["science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_2265","science_57","science_4414","science_179"],"featImg":"science_1984417","label":"science"},"science_1917913":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1917913","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1917913","score":null,"sort":[1515506429000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"why-the-male-black-widow-spider-is-a-real-home-wrecker","title":"Why the Male Black Widow Spider Is a Real Home Wrecker","publishDate":1515506429,"format":"video","headTitle":"Why the Male Black Widow Spider Is a Real Home Wrecker | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1935,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]These are the longest nights of the year, which is good news for nocturnal animals like the black widow spider, which prefers to slink around in the darkness, hiding in obscure places like inside pipes and under porches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Black widows start coming out around twilight when it’s not completely dark,” said Rick Vetter, a retired scientist at UC Riverside who has studied the spider for 40 years. That’s when they start to build their tangled webs, he said, which they’ll live in their whole lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918350\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501_f-red-violin_500.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1918350\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501_f-red-violin_500.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Black widow spiders build their webs at night. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We’ve all heard the stories. She mates and then kills. Her venom is 15 times stronger than a rattlesnake’s. One bite could kill you. With a shiny black color and a glaring red hourglass stomach, she has long inspired fear and awe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it turns out, scientists say, much of that is overblown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the black widow’s reputation is totally undeserved,” said Catherine Scott, an arachnologist at the University of Toronto who has researched black widows for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most species of widow spider (there are 31), including the western black widow found in the U.S., don’t kill their mates at all. Only two widow spider species always eat their mate — the Australian redback and the brown widow, an invasive species in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the male seems to be asking for it. In both of these species, he offers himself to her, somersaulting into her mouth after copulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918352\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-male-on-female-xcu.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918352\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-male-on-female-xcu-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-male-on-female-xcu-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-male-on-female-xcu-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-male-on-female-xcu-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-male-on-female-xcu-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-male-on-female-xcu-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-male-on-female-xcu-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-male-on-female-xcu-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-male-on-female-xcu-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-male-on-female-xcu-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-male-on-female-xcu-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A male black widow spider prepares to mate with a female. \u003ccite>(Sean McCann)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If the western black widow \u003cem>does\u003c/em> eat the male, Scott said, it’s because she mistakes him for food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the male enters the female’s web and she’s really hungry, she might be more interested in her next meal than mating,” Scott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How he approaches her could mean the difference between life and death. When advancing on a female in her web, a male black widow must create the right vibrations with his abdomen that tell her, “I’m here to mate, not be food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott is conducting a research project to illuminate the antics of the male black widow, the neglected character in the mating drama. It turns out the males are far from innocent bystanders, according to Scott.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Male black widows have their own web,” said Scott, “but after their final molt, they abandon it and search for females.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During peak mating season, thousands of males will prowl around looking for females. Females set up their webs, stay put and wait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Female black widows use pheromone-laced silk to attract males. “Kind of like a chemical personal ad,” Scott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The male can detect this scent from 200 feet away, a long distance when you’re the size of a grain of rice. The scent tells the whole story of her mating history and even includes her hunger level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918353\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501_web-reduction_500.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1918353\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501_web-reduction_500.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The male black widow spider prevents other males from mating with a female by reducing the size of her web. \u003ccite>(Sean McCann)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Once the male arrives at her silken abode, he starts to wreck it, systematically disassembling her web one strand at a time. In a process scientists call web reduction, he bunches it into a little ball and wraps it up with his own silk. Scott suspects that he’s doing this to reduce competition from other males — masking her come-hither scent with this own smell that says “Keep Out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strange thing is that female black widows seem to like it. In her research, Scott has found that females are less aggressive and become receptive to mating sooner when males tear down their webs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By taking down their silk, male black widows may even be doing females a favor, Scott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As long as her pheromone-laden silk is around her, she will continue attracting males, as much as 40 each night, even if she’s done mating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As soon as she’s mated, she wants to get on with eating more, spinning her egg sacs and producing offspring,” Scott said. “She doesn’t need any more males around, and it might actually be more of a nuisance to be constantly harassed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By tearing down her silk and masking the scent, the male is giving her the opportunity to rebuild her web with some new neutral silk. It’s like he’s helping her remodel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918354\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-m-f-in-web.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918354\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-m-f-in-web-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-m-f-in-web-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-m-f-in-web-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-m-f-in-web-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-m-f-in-web-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-m-f-in-web-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-m-f-in-web-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-m-f-in-web-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-m-f-in-web-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-m-f-in-web-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-m-f-in-web-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prior to mating, the male black widow wraps the female in his own silk. \u003ccite>(Sean McCann)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scott suspects that there are some chemicals in the male’s silk that are attractive to females. While mating, he will wrap her in fine strands that researchers refer to as the bridal veil. He drapes his silk over her legs, where her smell receptors are most concentrated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all that, he is most likely to crawl away, alive and unscathed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What about that deadly bite, supposedly so fatal to humans? While many people report black widow spider bites every year, only a fraction result in serious symptoms, and almost none result in death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biting is the widow’s last defensive recourse, like if she’s about to be squished by a looming human foot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his work, Vetter pioneered research into the female black widow’s defensive behavior, illuminating how, when confronted, she will stretch a special type of silk between her two back legs and brandish it at an attacker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The silk looks like fishing line covered in droplets of glue,” said Vetter. This silk is extremely unpleasant to the curious — it can get stuck to their nose. As the tangled predator tries to free itself, the widow has a chance to run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are not aggressive at all,” he said. “Their first response when you destroy their web, usually, is to run into their retreat and hide, or to drop off their web and curl up into a little ball on the ground and play dead. Those aren’t exactly scary aggressive tactics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott said the biggest misconception about black widows is that they’re something to fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re really shy spiders,” she said. “They just want to be left alone.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The female black widow has a bad reputation. But who’s the real victim? Her male counterpart is a jerk.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928242,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":1096},"headData":{"title":"Why the Male Black Widow Spider Is a Real Home Wrecker | KQED","description":"The female black widow has a bad reputation. But who’s the real victim? Her male counterpart is a jerk.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Why the Male Black Widow Spider Is a Real Home Wrecker","datePublished":"2018-01-09T14:00:29.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:10:42.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/NpJNeGqExrc","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1917913/why-the-male-black-widow-spider-is-a-real-home-wrecker","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"dl_subscribe","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>These are the longest nights of the year, which is good news for nocturnal animals like the black widow spider, which prefers to slink around in the darkness, hiding in obscure places like inside pipes and under porches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Black widows start coming out around twilight when it’s not completely dark,” said Rick Vetter, a retired scientist at UC Riverside who has studied the spider for 40 years. That’s when they start to build their tangled webs, he said, which they’ll live in their whole lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918350\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501_f-red-violin_500.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1918350\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501_f-red-violin_500.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Black widow spiders build their webs at night. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We’ve all heard the stories. She mates and then kills. Her venom is 15 times stronger than a rattlesnake’s. One bite could kill you. With a shiny black color and a glaring red hourglass stomach, she has long inspired fear and awe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it turns out, scientists say, much of that is overblown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the black widow’s reputation is totally undeserved,” said Catherine Scott, an arachnologist at the University of Toronto who has researched black widows for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most species of widow spider (there are 31), including the western black widow found in the U.S., don’t kill their mates at all. Only two widow spider species always eat their mate — the Australian redback and the brown widow, an invasive species in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the male seems to be asking for it. In both of these species, he offers himself to her, somersaulting into her mouth after copulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918352\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-male-on-female-xcu.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918352\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-male-on-female-xcu-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-male-on-female-xcu-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-male-on-female-xcu-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-male-on-female-xcu-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-male-on-female-xcu-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-male-on-female-xcu-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-male-on-female-xcu-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-male-on-female-xcu-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-male-on-female-xcu-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-male-on-female-xcu-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-male-on-female-xcu-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A male black widow spider prepares to mate with a female. \u003ccite>(Sean McCann)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If the western black widow \u003cem>does\u003c/em> eat the male, Scott said, it’s because she mistakes him for food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the male enters the female’s web and she’s really hungry, she might be more interested in her next meal than mating,” Scott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How he approaches her could mean the difference between life and death. When advancing on a female in her web, a male black widow must create the right vibrations with his abdomen that tell her, “I’m here to mate, not be food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott is conducting a research project to illuminate the antics of the male black widow, the neglected character in the mating drama. It turns out the males are far from innocent bystanders, according to Scott.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Male black widows have their own web,” said Scott, “but after their final molt, they abandon it and search for females.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During peak mating season, thousands of males will prowl around looking for females. Females set up their webs, stay put and wait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Female black widows use pheromone-laced silk to attract males. “Kind of like a chemical personal ad,” Scott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The male can detect this scent from 200 feet away, a long distance when you’re the size of a grain of rice. The scent tells the whole story of her mating history and even includes her hunger level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918353\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501_web-reduction_500.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1918353\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501_web-reduction_500.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The male black widow spider prevents other males from mating with a female by reducing the size of her web. \u003ccite>(Sean McCann)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Once the male arrives at her silken abode, he starts to wreck it, systematically disassembling her web one strand at a time. In a process scientists call web reduction, he bunches it into a little ball and wraps it up with his own silk. Scott suspects that he’s doing this to reduce competition from other males — masking her come-hither scent with this own smell that says “Keep Out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strange thing is that female black widows seem to like it. In her research, Scott has found that females are less aggressive and become receptive to mating sooner when males tear down their webs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By taking down their silk, male black widows may even be doing females a favor, Scott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As long as her pheromone-laden silk is around her, she will continue attracting males, as much as 40 each night, even if she’s done mating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As soon as she’s mated, she wants to get on with eating more, spinning her egg sacs and producing offspring,” Scott said. “She doesn’t need any more males around, and it might actually be more of a nuisance to be constantly harassed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By tearing down her silk and masking the scent, the male is giving her the opportunity to rebuild her web with some new neutral silk. It’s like he’s helping her remodel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918354\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-m-f-in-web.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918354\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-m-f-in-web-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-m-f-in-web-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-m-f-in-web-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-m-f-in-web-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-m-f-in-web-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-m-f-in-web-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-m-f-in-web-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-m-f-in-web-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-m-f-in-web-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-m-f-in-web-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/DL501-m-f-in-web-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prior to mating, the male black widow wraps the female in his own silk. \u003ccite>(Sean McCann)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scott suspects that there are some chemicals in the male’s silk that are attractive to females. While mating, he will wrap her in fine strands that researchers refer to as the bridal veil. He drapes his silk over her legs, where her smell receptors are most concentrated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all that, he is most likely to crawl away, alive and unscathed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What about that deadly bite, supposedly so fatal to humans? While many people report black widow spider bites every year, only a fraction result in serious symptoms, and almost none result in death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biting is the widow’s last defensive recourse, like if she’s about to be squished by a looming human foot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his work, Vetter pioneered research into the female black widow’s defensive behavior, illuminating how, when confronted, she will stretch a special type of silk between her two back legs and brandish it at an attacker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The silk looks like fishing line covered in droplets of glue,” said Vetter. This silk is extremely unpleasant to the curious — it can get stuck to their nose. As the tangled predator tries to free itself, the widow has a chance to run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are not aggressive at all,” he said. “Their first response when you destroy their web, usually, is to run into their retreat and hide, or to drop off their web and curl up into a little ball on the ground and play dead. Those aren’t exactly scary aggressive tactics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott said the biggest misconception about black widows is that they’re something to fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re really shy spiders,” she said. “They just want to be left alone.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1917913/why-the-male-black-widow-spider-is-a-real-home-wrecker","authors":["11361","11090"],"series":["science_1935"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_86"],"tags":["science_2265","science_1120","science_5196"],"featImg":"science_1918295","label":"science_1935"},"science_1027372":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1027372","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1027372","score":null,"sort":[1475586030000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"for-these-tiny-spiders-its-sing-or-get-served","title":"For These Tiny Spiders, It's Sing or Get Served","publishDate":1475586030,"format":"video","headTitle":"For These Tiny Spiders, It’s Sing or Get Served | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1935,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]For the better part of the summer, \u003ca href=\"https://nature.berkeley.edu/eliaslab/index.html\">Erin Brandt,\u003c/a> a graduate student in environmental science at UC Berkeley, has been holding speed-dating sessions in the lab — for spiders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two by two, Brandt studies the mating habits of jumping spiders, a family of furry, often colorful arachnids that could fit on the tip of your pinky. Their elaborate courtship displays, which researchers say could help answer questions about the evolution of mating practices in general, have long interested scientists and even earned the spiders a \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/groups/salticidae/\">fan base online\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1029328\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-submissive-CC.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1029328\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-submissive-CC-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"A male jumping spider performs his song and dance routine for a female.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-submissive-CC-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-submissive-CC-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-submissive-CC-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-submissive-CC-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-submissive-CC-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-submissive-CC-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-submissive-CC-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A male jumping spider performs his song and dance routine for a female. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I’m kind of known as the spider lady in my family now,” Brandt said. “I’m interested in how behaviors evolve, and jumping spiders are a great way to look at that. And they’re just so cute.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the courtship, the male jumping spider performs an exuberant dance to get the female’s attention. Like a pint-sized Magic Mike working for twenties, he shimmies from side to side, waves his legs, and flaps his front appendages (called pedipalps) in her direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If she likes what she sees, the female may allow him to mate. But things can also go terribly wrong for these eight-legged suitors. She might decide to attack him, or even eat him for lunch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no way to tell what she’s going to do,” said Brandt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cannibalism is the result about seven percent of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1029333\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317_jumpingspider_pedipalps_720.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1029333\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317_jumpingspider_pedipalps_720.gif\" alt=\"A jumping spider waves his arms and shakes his pedipalps during courtship.\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A jumping spider waves his arms and shakes his pedipalps during courtship. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These mating rituals were first described more than 100 years ago. Their study took on a new dimension, however, when scientists discovered that the males also sing when they attempt to woo their lady loves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By rubbing together their two body segments, the males create vibrations that travel through the ground. The female spiders can “hear” the male songs through ear-like slits in their legs, called sensilla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1029457\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317_jumpingspider_abdomen_720.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1029457\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317_jumpingspider_abdomen_720.gif\" alt='The male jumping spider \"sings\" by rubbing together the two main parts of his body.' width=\"720\" height=\"405\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The male jumping spider “sings” by rubbing together the two main parts of his body. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://nature.berkeley.edu/eliaslab/\">Damian Elias,\u003c/a> a professor who works with Brandt, first listened to these songs using\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>a modified phonograph needle that registered the vibrations. Today, using a more sophisticated vibrometer that tracks minute movements with a laser, researchers in his lab can turn these inaudible songs into something people can hear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Far from being random noise, each spider song is composed of a specific series of thumps, scrapes and buzzes, called motifs, all synched to the spider’s movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each spider makes the song his own. Though the motif sequence is the same within a species, individuals can add personal touches, such as an extra thump, or a longer, louder buzz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-vibrometer-action-CC.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1029454\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-vibrometer-action-CC-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Using a laser-equipped vibrometer, in red, scientists can now make jumping spider songs audible to people.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-vibrometer-action-CC-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-vibrometer-action-CC-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-vibrometer-action-CC-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-vibrometer-action-CC-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-vibrometer-action-CC-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-vibrometer-action-CC-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-vibrometer-action-CC-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In Dr. Damian Elias’s lab, a vibrometer shines a red laser beam on a spider, allowing scientists to make its song audible to people.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A male spider’s coordination of the dance and the song seems to affect his reproductive success — in other words, his ability to stay alive during this risky courtship trial. But what exactly the signals mean remains mysterious to scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only thing that’s known unambiguously is that vibration is important,” said Brandt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347204004804\">In a 2005 experiment,\u003c/a> Elias proved that importance by sticking the two parts of the male spiders’ bodies together with wax, effectively preventing them from singing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For these “muted” spiders, who could still dance, the success rate plummeted by two-thirds. Cannibalism by the females more than quadrupled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1029337\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317_jumpingspider_female-eats-male_720.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1029337\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317_jumpingspider_female-eats-male_720.gif\" alt=\"Cannibalism of the male by the female is one potential result of courtship among jumping spiders.\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cannibalism of the male by the female is one potential result of courtship among jumping spiders. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Studies like these may one day shed light on courtship rituals throughout the animal world. That’s because jumping spider courtship is a classic example of what Charles Darwin called sexual selection, a footnote to evolution that attempts to explain an apparent contradiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 150 years ago, Darwin was troubled by the way some animals go to so much trouble to find mates. How, he wondered, could it be advantageous to the species in general?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer, according the sexual selection theory, is that the idea of “survival of the fittest” works not just \u003cem>between\u003c/em> species competing for resources, but \u003cem>within\u003c/em> the species as well. Courtships weed out individuals who would produce weak offspring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One sex has the burden of proof, the other has choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1029453\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-side-xclose.2-CC.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1029453\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-side-xclose.2-CC-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"A jumping spider female looks on as a male attempts to court her.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-side-xclose.2-CC-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-side-xclose.2-CC-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-side-xclose.2-CC-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-side-xclose.2-CC-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-side-xclose.2-CC-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-side-xclose.2-CC-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-side-xclose.2-CC-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A jumping spider female looks on as a male attempts to court her. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The common assumption is that successful courtship behavior demonstrates health and vigor to a potential mate. But when it comes to jumping spiders, that assumption doesn’t tell the whole story. Sometimes, as Brandt has repeatedly observed, smaller males, or even those with a visible defect such as a missing limb, do just as well as healthy individuals\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What do females care about?” Brandt said. “We really don’t know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientific focus has shifted from describing male behaviors during these jumping spider courtships to figuring out what they mean, through the eyes and ears of the female.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Elias’s lab in Berkeley concentrates on the songs, another group of researchers is looking more deeply into the spiders’ dance routines. \u003ca href=\"http://ejakob.popslice.com/\">Elizabeth Jakob,\u003c/a> a professor at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, has developed an eye-movement tracker — like the ones used on people for psychology experiments — small enough to follow the gaze of female spiders. Two biologists at the University of Pittsburgh, \u003ca href=\"http://www.biology.pitt.edu/person/nathan-morehouse\">Nathan Morehouse\u003c/a> and and \u003ca href=\"http://www.danielzurek.com/\">Daniel Zurek,\u003c/a> are using Jakob’s tracker to follow the females’ visual interest while they watch videos of males performing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gaze is where vision meets cognition,” said Morehouse. “It tells you something about the priorities of the animal, in terms of what’s most interesting to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental factors could even play a role. Brandt’s research is looking into what effects temperature, and by extension global warming, might have on female choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With all these experiments, the scientists ultimately hope to understand how a female decides whether she’s looking at a stud — or a dud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can endlessly look at the male,” Brandt said, “but the females have all the power. They’re driving the evolution of the system.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Jumping spider courtship is quite a song and dance routine. But if they bomb, they can wind up dinner. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704929552,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1100},"headData":{"title":"For These Tiny Spiders, It's Sing or Get Served | KQED","description":"Jumping spider courtship is quite a song and dance routine. But if they bomb, they can wind up dinner. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"For These Tiny Spiders, It's Sing or Get Served","datePublished":"2016-10-04T13:00:30.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:32:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/y7qMqAgCqME","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1027372/for-these-tiny-spiders-its-sing-or-get-served","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"dl_subscribe","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>For the better part of the summer, \u003ca href=\"https://nature.berkeley.edu/eliaslab/index.html\">Erin Brandt,\u003c/a> a graduate student in environmental science at UC Berkeley, has been holding speed-dating sessions in the lab — for spiders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two by two, Brandt studies the mating habits of jumping spiders, a family of furry, often colorful arachnids that could fit on the tip of your pinky. Their elaborate courtship displays, which researchers say could help answer questions about the evolution of mating practices in general, have long interested scientists and even earned the spiders a \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/groups/salticidae/\">fan base online\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1029328\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-submissive-CC.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1029328\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-submissive-CC-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"A male jumping spider performs his song and dance routine for a female.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-submissive-CC-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-submissive-CC-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-submissive-CC-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-submissive-CC-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-submissive-CC-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-submissive-CC-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-submissive-CC-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A male jumping spider performs his song and dance routine for a female. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I’m kind of known as the spider lady in my family now,” Brandt said. “I’m interested in how behaviors evolve, and jumping spiders are a great way to look at that. And they’re just so cute.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the courtship, the male jumping spider performs an exuberant dance to get the female’s attention. Like a pint-sized Magic Mike working for twenties, he shimmies from side to side, waves his legs, and flaps his front appendages (called pedipalps) in her direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If she likes what she sees, the female may allow him to mate. But things can also go terribly wrong for these eight-legged suitors. She might decide to attack him, or even eat him for lunch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no way to tell what she’s going to do,” said Brandt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cannibalism is the result about seven percent of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1029333\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317_jumpingspider_pedipalps_720.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1029333\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317_jumpingspider_pedipalps_720.gif\" alt=\"A jumping spider waves his arms and shakes his pedipalps during courtship.\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A jumping spider waves his arms and shakes his pedipalps during courtship. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These mating rituals were first described more than 100 years ago. Their study took on a new dimension, however, when scientists discovered that the males also sing when they attempt to woo their lady loves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By rubbing together their two body segments, the males create vibrations that travel through the ground. The female spiders can “hear” the male songs through ear-like slits in their legs, called sensilla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1029457\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317_jumpingspider_abdomen_720.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1029457\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317_jumpingspider_abdomen_720.gif\" alt='The male jumping spider \"sings\" by rubbing together the two main parts of his body.' width=\"720\" height=\"405\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The male jumping spider “sings” by rubbing together the two main parts of his body. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://nature.berkeley.edu/eliaslab/\">Damian Elias,\u003c/a> a professor who works with Brandt, first listened to these songs using\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>a modified phonograph needle that registered the vibrations. Today, using a more sophisticated vibrometer that tracks minute movements with a laser, researchers in his lab can turn these inaudible songs into something people can hear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Far from being random noise, each spider song is composed of a specific series of thumps, scrapes and buzzes, called motifs, all synched to the spider’s movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each spider makes the song his own. Though the motif sequence is the same within a species, individuals can add personal touches, such as an extra thump, or a longer, louder buzz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-vibrometer-action-CC.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1029454\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-vibrometer-action-CC-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Using a laser-equipped vibrometer, in red, scientists can now make jumping spider songs audible to people.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-vibrometer-action-CC-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-vibrometer-action-CC-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-vibrometer-action-CC-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-vibrometer-action-CC-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-vibrometer-action-CC-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-vibrometer-action-CC-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-vibrometer-action-CC-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In Dr. Damian Elias’s lab, a vibrometer shines a red laser beam on a spider, allowing scientists to make its song audible to people.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A male spider’s coordination of the dance and the song seems to affect his reproductive success — in other words, his ability to stay alive during this risky courtship trial. But what exactly the signals mean remains mysterious to scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only thing that’s known unambiguously is that vibration is important,” said Brandt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347204004804\">In a 2005 experiment,\u003c/a> Elias proved that importance by sticking the two parts of the male spiders’ bodies together with wax, effectively preventing them from singing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For these “muted” spiders, who could still dance, the success rate plummeted by two-thirds. Cannibalism by the females more than quadrupled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1029337\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317_jumpingspider_female-eats-male_720.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1029337\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317_jumpingspider_female-eats-male_720.gif\" alt=\"Cannibalism of the male by the female is one potential result of courtship among jumping spiders.\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cannibalism of the male by the female is one potential result of courtship among jumping spiders. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Studies like these may one day shed light on courtship rituals throughout the animal world. That’s because jumping spider courtship is a classic example of what Charles Darwin called sexual selection, a footnote to evolution that attempts to explain an apparent contradiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 150 years ago, Darwin was troubled by the way some animals go to so much trouble to find mates. How, he wondered, could it be advantageous to the species in general?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer, according the sexual selection theory, is that the idea of “survival of the fittest” works not just \u003cem>between\u003c/em> species competing for resources, but \u003cem>within\u003c/em> the species as well. Courtships weed out individuals who would produce weak offspring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One sex has the burden of proof, the other has choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1029453\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-side-xclose.2-CC.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1029453\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-side-xclose.2-CC-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"A jumping spider female looks on as a male attempts to court her.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-side-xclose.2-CC-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-side-xclose.2-CC-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-side-xclose.2-CC-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-side-xclose.2-CC-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-side-xclose.2-CC-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-side-xclose.2-CC-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/DL317-clypeatus-female-side-xclose.2-CC-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A jumping spider female looks on as a male attempts to court her. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The common assumption is that successful courtship behavior demonstrates health and vigor to a potential mate. But when it comes to jumping spiders, that assumption doesn’t tell the whole story. Sometimes, as Brandt has repeatedly observed, smaller males, or even those with a visible defect such as a missing limb, do just as well as healthy individuals\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What do females care about?” Brandt said. “We really don’t know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientific focus has shifted from describing male behaviors during these jumping spider courtships to figuring out what they mean, through the eyes and ears of the female.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Elias’s lab in Berkeley concentrates on the songs, another group of researchers is looking more deeply into the spiders’ dance routines. \u003ca href=\"http://ejakob.popslice.com/\">Elizabeth Jakob,\u003c/a> a professor at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, has developed an eye-movement tracker — like the ones used on people for psychology experiments — small enough to follow the gaze of female spiders. Two biologists at the University of Pittsburgh, \u003ca href=\"http://www.biology.pitt.edu/person/nathan-morehouse\">Nathan Morehouse\u003c/a> and and \u003ca href=\"http://www.danielzurek.com/\">Daniel Zurek,\u003c/a> are using Jakob’s tracker to follow the females’ visual interest while they watch videos of males performing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gaze is where vision meets cognition,” said Morehouse. “It tells you something about the priorities of the animal, in terms of what’s most interesting to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental factors could even play a role. Brandt’s research is looking into what effects temperature, and by extension global warming, might have on female choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With all these experiments, the scientists ultimately hope to understand how a female decides whether she’s looking at a stud — or a dud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can endlessly look at the male,” Brandt said, “but the females have all the power. They’re driving the evolution of the system.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1027372/for-these-tiny-spiders-its-sing-or-get-served","authors":["11090"],"series":["science_1935"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_40","science_86"],"tags":["science_2265","science_5197","science_1665","science_309"],"featImg":"science_1027375","label":"science_1935"},"science_27067":{"type":"posts","id":"science_27067","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"27067","score":null,"sort":[1423490432000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"elephant-seals-battle-for-love-with-mating-songs-and-bravado","title":"Elephant Seals Battle for Love With Mating Songs and Bravado","publishDate":1423490432,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Elephant Seals Battle for Love With Mating Songs and Bravado | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: This story won a national \u003ca href=\"http://rtdna.org/content/2014_national_edward_r_murrow_award_winners#.VNVTRJ3F98E\">Edward R. Murrow Award\u003c/a> in 2014 for Use of Sound. We bring it back to you as our Valentine from KQED Science. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Love is in the air on California beaches this time of year, when northern elephant seals arrive by the thousands for breeding season. Males make plenty of noise at \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=1115\">Año Nuevo State Reserve\u003c/a>, north of Santa Cruz, but it sounds more like a chorus of motorcycles than the sultry sounds of Annie Lennox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, researchers at \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsc.edu/\">UC Santa Cruz\u003c/a> are decoding this complex communication system and learning how males use it to boost their reputation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elephant seals spend most of the year alone in the Pacific Ocean, so there’s plenty of action packed into the two months they’re on land every winter. “That’s mating behavior,” says naturalist Lisa Wolfklain, pointing at two elephant seals in a sea of hundreds of males, females and pups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: 0px none;overflow: hidden;float: right;margin: 10px\" src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/elephant_seals/elephantseals.html\" width=\"270\" height=\"700\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Male elephant seals are the size of an SUV — fifteen feet long and 4,000 pounds. They’re known for their proboscis, the huge, fleshy nose that hangs over their mouth. There are plenty of available females this time of year, but most males will strike out. The dating scene is controlled by alpha males.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The alpha strategy is to be dominant over a group of females, the harem,” says Wolfklain. “And they want to have the first right to mate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can spot the alpha males right in the middle of their groups of 10 to 100 females. The other males, known as betas, are on the outskirts, just watching, waiting for their chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So this guy’s coming in,” says Wolfklain, pointing at one beta male moving quickly toward a female. The alpha male perks up and snorts a warning with customary bravado. Sometimes the fight ends there, but not this one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ooh, now they’re hitting with their heads,” the commentary continues, as the two lunge at each others’ chests. A few strikes seem to be enough for the beta male and he retreats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These fights can be bloody and all the while, other males are taking advantage and sneaking in. It adds up to a very stressful time for male elephant seals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It’s All About Reputation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not advantageous for males to fight all the time,” says Caroline Casey, a researcher at UC Santa Cruz. She says fights can be risky. “Sometimes they can result in death and we’ve seen that,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elephant seals also don’t eat while on land, so they need to conserve energy. Casey says, as with humans, one way to avoid fighting is communication. But until now, no one was really sure what the males were saying to each other. So, she and her colleagues have been studying a patch of beach with about 50 males.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Elepahant-Seal-numbers-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-27084\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Elepahant-Seal-numbers-1-420x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Elepahant Seal numbers 1\" width=\"207\" height=\"505\">\u003c/a>“We have come up with this ranking system where we assign each male a score,” she says. It’s similar to systems used in professional sports, where the males win or lose points with every fight. Casey and her team also recorded the males’ calls and found remarkable differences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One beta male, X579, has a call that ends in a flourish. “His call, to me, is my favorite,” she says. “He always has this really lovely note at the end of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>X579 was a beta male with a lot of competition. “He tends to vocalize and challenge everybody right when he gets there,” Casey says. He challenged GL, an alpha male with a very short, staccato call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is what’s so incredible,” Casey says. “All of the animals sound completely different from one another.” What’s more, Casey’s team found that each male seems to use the same call year after year, whether he has a harem or not. It’s their signature call – and they flaunt it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A larger, more dominant animal will come up to a smaller animal, maybe beat him up a little bit,” says Casey, “call at him before and after, like, ‘Hey, this is me. I’m Bob. Don’t mess with me.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s all about spreading your reputation around. “That’s called associative learning and that’s very unique among marine mammals,” Casey explains. “That means that every male has the potential to be learning every other male based on their acoustic signature at that site.”\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Elephant-seal-map.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-27074\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Elephant-seal-map-721x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"236\" height=\"336\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These complex communication systems have been studied in songbirds and other animals, but Casey says less is known about marine species. “I think it’s just a piece of larger puzzle in understanding how these animals breed and how they’re going to survive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A century ago, elephant seals were hunted to near extinction for their blubber. Fewer than 100 lingered off the coast of Mexico. With protective laws in place, today there are more than 150,000 northern elephant seals — and growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s good news for Casey’s loner elephant seal X579. This year, he’s an alpha male for the first time. As for the others, there’s always next year.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"They may sound like faulty plumbing, but male northern elephant seals have a unique communication system that's all about reputation.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704932290,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/elephant_seals/elephantseals.html"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":920},"headData":{"title":"Elephant Seals Battle for Love With Mating Songs and Bravado | KQED","description":"They may sound like faulty plumbing, but male northern elephant seals have a unique communication system that's all about reputation.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Elephant Seals Battle for Love With Mating Songs and Bravado","datePublished":"2015-02-09T14:00:32.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-11T00:18:10.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"KQED Science","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/02/20150209ElephantsealsScience.mp3","sticky":false,"path":"/science/27067/elephant-seals-battle-for-love-with-mating-songs-and-bravado","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: This story won a national \u003ca href=\"http://rtdna.org/content/2014_national_edward_r_murrow_award_winners#.VNVTRJ3F98E\">Edward R. Murrow Award\u003c/a> in 2014 for Use of Sound. We bring it back to you as our Valentine from KQED Science. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Love is in the air on California beaches this time of year, when northern elephant seals arrive by the thousands for breeding season. Males make plenty of noise at \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=1115\">Año Nuevo State Reserve\u003c/a>, north of Santa Cruz, but it sounds more like a chorus of motorcycles than the sultry sounds of Annie Lennox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, researchers at \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsc.edu/\">UC Santa Cruz\u003c/a> are decoding this complex communication system and learning how males use it to boost their reputation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elephant seals spend most of the year alone in the Pacific Ocean, so there’s plenty of action packed into the two months they’re on land every winter. “That’s mating behavior,” says naturalist Lisa Wolfklain, pointing at two elephant seals in a sea of hundreds of males, females and pups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: 0px none;overflow: hidden;float: right;margin: 10px\" src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/elephant_seals/elephantseals.html\" width=\"270\" height=\"700\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Male elephant seals are the size of an SUV — fifteen feet long and 4,000 pounds. They’re known for their proboscis, the huge, fleshy nose that hangs over their mouth. There are plenty of available females this time of year, but most males will strike out. The dating scene is controlled by alpha males.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The alpha strategy is to be dominant over a group of females, the harem,” says Wolfklain. “And they want to have the first right to mate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can spot the alpha males right in the middle of their groups of 10 to 100 females. The other males, known as betas, are on the outskirts, just watching, waiting for their chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So this guy’s coming in,” says Wolfklain, pointing at one beta male moving quickly toward a female. The alpha male perks up and snorts a warning with customary bravado. Sometimes the fight ends there, but not this one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ooh, now they’re hitting with their heads,” the commentary continues, as the two lunge at each others’ chests. A few strikes seem to be enough for the beta male and he retreats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These fights can be bloody and all the while, other males are taking advantage and sneaking in. It adds up to a very stressful time for male elephant seals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It’s All About Reputation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not advantageous for males to fight all the time,” says Caroline Casey, a researcher at UC Santa Cruz. She says fights can be risky. “Sometimes they can result in death and we’ve seen that,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elephant seals also don’t eat while on land, so they need to conserve energy. Casey says, as with humans, one way to avoid fighting is communication. But until now, no one was really sure what the males were saying to each other. So, she and her colleagues have been studying a patch of beach with about 50 males.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Elepahant-Seal-numbers-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-27084\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Elepahant-Seal-numbers-1-420x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Elepahant Seal numbers 1\" width=\"207\" height=\"505\">\u003c/a>“We have come up with this ranking system where we assign each male a score,” she says. It’s similar to systems used in professional sports, where the males win or lose points with every fight. Casey and her team also recorded the males’ calls and found remarkable differences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One beta male, X579, has a call that ends in a flourish. “His call, to me, is my favorite,” she says. “He always has this really lovely note at the end of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>X579 was a beta male with a lot of competition. “He tends to vocalize and challenge everybody right when he gets there,” Casey says. He challenged GL, an alpha male with a very short, staccato call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is what’s so incredible,” Casey says. “All of the animals sound completely different from one another.” What’s more, Casey’s team found that each male seems to use the same call year after year, whether he has a harem or not. It’s their signature call – and they flaunt it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A larger, more dominant animal will come up to a smaller animal, maybe beat him up a little bit,” says Casey, “call at him before and after, like, ‘Hey, this is me. I’m Bob. Don’t mess with me.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s all about spreading your reputation around. “That’s called associative learning and that’s very unique among marine mammals,” Casey explains. “That means that every male has the potential to be learning every other male based on their acoustic signature at that site.”\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Elephant-seal-map.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-27074\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Elephant-seal-map-721x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"236\" height=\"336\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These complex communication systems have been studied in songbirds and other animals, but Casey says less is known about marine species. “I think it’s just a piece of larger puzzle in understanding how these animals breed and how they’re going to survive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A century ago, elephant seals were hunted to near extinction for their blubber. Fewer than 100 lingered off the coast of Mexico. With protective laws in place, today there are more than 150,000 northern elephant seals — and growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s good news for Casey’s loner elephant seal X579. This year, he’s an alpha male for the first time. As for the others, there’s always next year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/27067/elephant-seals-battle-for-love-with-mating-songs-and-bravado","authors":["239"],"series":["science_2625"],"categories":["science_30","science_40"],"tags":["science_2265","science_727"],"featImg":"science_27099","label":"source_science_27067"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! 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And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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