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Stream or download it on \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/610dd6de-ac50-4be7-9af4-65aac2270180/the-combustion-of-wood/\"> PBS LearningMedia\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Combustion, which is simply the burning of something, is a rather complex chemical process. We rely quite heavily on combustion technologies for energy. For example, we burn gasoline to power our cars; we often burn oil or gas in home heating systems; and power plants usually burn coal, oil or natural gas to generate electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many families, particularly in the developing world, burn wood and other biomass to cook food and heat their homes. However, burning wood and other solid fuels produces a lot of smoke, which is harmful to health and the environment. In fact, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/indoorair/en/\">World Health Organization\u003c/a> reports that approximately 4 million people die every year from diseases related to smoke inhalation from burning wood and other solid fuels in their homes for cooking and heating. Many of these deaths are young children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why does burning wood create so much pollution? The short answer is incomplete combustion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to get something to burn you need three things, all in the proper combination: fuel (such as wood, oil or gas), oxygen and heat. These requirements are referred to as the “combustion triangle.” With solid fuels, like wood and other biomass, it’s really difficult to get good mixing of the fuel, oxygen and heat in the proper ratio. For example, wood fires, especially those on the ground, don’t receive enough oxygen for the wood to burn completely. Similarly cool breezes can reduce the heat needed to sustain a flame. As a result, you are often left with unburned fuel, particulates, ash, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. These types of compounds are what make up smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watch the animation above to learn more about the chemistry of combustion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This Science Spotlight video is part of our \u003ca href=\"http://learning.kqed.org/ebook/cookstoves/\" target=\"_blank\">Engineering Is: Saving the World with Cookstoves\u003c/a> e-book, and is a companion to our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/darfur-stoves-project/\">Darfur Stoves Project\u003c/a> video. The e-book tells the story of how Professor Ashok Gadgil and his team at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory designed a cookstove to help internally displaced persons in Darfur. They are now working on designing a new wood-burning stove to reduce indoor air pollution. 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We rely quite heavily on combustion technologies for energy. For example, we burn gasoline to power our cars; we often burn oil or gas in home heating systems; and power plants usually burn coal, oil or natural gas to generate electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many families, particularly in the developing world, burn wood and other biomass to cook food and heat their homes. However, burning wood and other solid fuels produces a lot of smoke, which is harmful to health and the environment. In fact, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/indoorair/en/\">World Health Organization\u003c/a> reports that approximately 4 million people die every year from diseases related to smoke inhalation from burning wood and other solid fuels in their homes for cooking and heating. Many of these deaths are young children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why does burning wood create so much pollution? 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Over the past few years a new cottage industry has emerged focused on milling wood pellets and shipping them to Europe to be fired with coal for electricity production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it turns out the forests in eastern North Carolina are ripe for the picking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/specialcollections/forestry/background.html\" target=\"_blank\">woods of North Carolina\u003c/a> have long been a rich provider of resources. Hardwood trees are harvested for pallets and furniture and softwoods for pulp and paper. North Carolina’s southern yellow pine is more commonly known to consumers as a “two-by-four” and is a ubiquitous part of the building industry nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not breaking news that forest resources are renewable. Those of us who live or spend time in the woods can’t help but be in awe of the rapid rejuvenation that occurs naturally after a field is cleared. In an era when renewability is seen as “green,” it’s logical that we turn to our forests. To some, it makes sense that we would harvest and burn biomass to reduce our coal consumption. But does it make sense to pelletize wood in the U.S. only to ship it overseas?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70459\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 307px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/IMG_7153.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70459\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/IMG_7153-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"307\" height=\"205\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">63% of U.S. wood pellet exports come from the South, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.wri-ltd.com/pdfs/GTWMU%20North%20America%20wood%20pellet%20exports%202013.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Wood Resources International\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Enterprising foresters in North Carolina are figuring out how to pelletize waste wood, which consists mostly of tree crowns and weed species that are the byproduct of the forest harvest. The pellets are then shipped to markets where they are valued as a renewable source of energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The markets for these wood products are increasingly found across the Atlantic. The European Union has decreed that \u003ca href=\"http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/index_en.htm\" target=\"_blank\">20 percent of energy in EU countries must come from renewable sources by 2020\u003c/a>. Europe’s carbon market (unlike America’s) puts a high value on burning “green” energy sources, and wood pellets from North Carolina are fueling this mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One argument in favor of pelletizing leftover crowns is that it’s better than letting them rot on the forest floor. After all, rotting wood releases stored carbon and contributes to the very greenhouse gases we’re trying to avoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70468\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 345px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/0000034594-Enviva__Ahoskie-NC__2012__credit-Dogwood-Alliance-Southwings-c.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70468\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/0000034594-Enviva__Ahoskie-NC__2012__credit-Dogwood-Alliance-Southwings-c-349x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"345\" height=\"250\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Enviva wood pellet plant in Ahoskie, NC operates 24/7. Most of their products are shipped to Europe where it is valued as a renewable energy source. Photo courtesy Dogwood Alliance & SouthWings\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>However, many environmentalists oppose the idea of pelletizing or burning biomass of any kind. They see a denuding of the landscape, where we take everything we can get our hands on -- from wooded wetlands to trees from pristine swamps to stands of old growth forest. They are also concerned with the loss of biodiversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"//www.nrdc.org/energy/forestnotfuel/enviva-wood-pellets.asp\" target=\"_blank\">According to the Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/a>, the source for much of these wood pellets -- the southeastern mixed forest and the middle Atlantic coastal forest ecoregions -- “have been designated by the World Wildlife Fund as Critical/Endangered, because of their high biodiversity and the combination of habitat fragmentation, conversion, and other threats.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While our forests are able to yield plenty of lumber, furniture, and toilet paper, they have no hope of keeping up with our insatiable desire for energy. Conservationists are concerned that the unchecked use of woody biomass for energy could have a devastating impact on our forests. Organizations like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dogwoodalliance.org/2014/03/monster-enviva-wood-pellet-plants-invade-northeast-nc-communities/\" target=\"_blank\">Dogwood Alliance\u003c/a>, based in Asheville, North Carolina, advocate for keeping our forests out of the energy equation altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Dogwood Alliance considers the shipping of this resource to Europe to be a travesty. For Europe to reduce its emissions and claim a “green-energy credit” by burning pellets from southern forests is seen by many as absurd. Among other things, fossil energy is required to ship the wood pellets to Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn’t the first time one culture has stripped another of its resources. Japan’s civilization was built on trees imported from Australia, and the Turkish Empire stripped the Middle East of trees almost entirely. It’s hard to imagine North Carolina as a desert, but human endeavor has done this before all over the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70467\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/0000034594-clearcuts-credit-Southwings.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70467 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/0000034594-clearcuts-credit-Southwings-378x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"378\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">According to wood pellet manufacturer Enviva, clear-cutting forests is often the most sustainable approach to forest management. Photo credit SouthWings\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These days it’s fashionable for scholars to argue about when one resource or another has “peaked.” Peak oil, peak coal, even peak uranium has made it into today’s energy debate, and the notion of “peak forest” is no exception. When a resource peaks, it doesn’t mean that it ceases to exist: it implies that it will get progressively more expensive as more and more of it consumed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyone who has tried to buy land in the woods of North Carolina knows that the southern forest has peaked. Property in areas populated with hardwoods is way more expensive than pine woodlands. Cleared land is even cheaper. Whether for wildlife habitat or shading homes, hardwood lots are prized -- this is something both conservationists and realtors can agree on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question that North Carolina and other wooded states need to consider is, how much of our natural capital are we interested in converting into financial capital by shipping our forest resources to Europe? Perhaps it’s time to put a value on the ecological services our woods provide in the U.S. so that our forests are not destroyed in the process of keeping Europe “green.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Does milling wood pellets in North Carolina and shipping them to Europe make sense?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442678011,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":937},"headData":{"title":"In Wood We Trust | KQED","description":"Does milling wood pellets in North Carolina and shipping them to Europe make sense?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"67709 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=67709","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/05/29/wood-pellet-exports-to-europe/","disqusTitle":"In Wood We Trust","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/67709/wood-pellet-exports-to-europe","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When it comes to extracting riches from the southern forest there’s a new game in town. Over the past few years a new cottage industry has emerged focused on milling wood pellets and shipping them to Europe to be fired with coal for electricity production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it turns out the forests in eastern North Carolina are ripe for the picking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/specialcollections/forestry/background.html\" target=\"_blank\">woods of North Carolina\u003c/a> have long been a rich provider of resources. Hardwood trees are harvested for pallets and furniture and softwoods for pulp and paper. North Carolina’s southern yellow pine is more commonly known to consumers as a “two-by-four” and is a ubiquitous part of the building industry nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not breaking news that forest resources are renewable. Those of us who live or spend time in the woods can’t help but be in awe of the rapid rejuvenation that occurs naturally after a field is cleared. In an era when renewability is seen as “green,” it’s logical that we turn to our forests. To some, it makes sense that we would harvest and burn biomass to reduce our coal consumption. But does it make sense to pelletize wood in the U.S. only to ship it overseas?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70459\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 307px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/IMG_7153.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70459\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/IMG_7153-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"307\" height=\"205\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">63% of U.S. wood pellet exports come from the South, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.wri-ltd.com/pdfs/GTWMU%20North%20America%20wood%20pellet%20exports%202013.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Wood Resources International\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Enterprising foresters in North Carolina are figuring out how to pelletize waste wood, which consists mostly of tree crowns and weed species that are the byproduct of the forest harvest. The pellets are then shipped to markets where they are valued as a renewable source of energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The markets for these wood products are increasingly found across the Atlantic. The European Union has decreed that \u003ca href=\"http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/index_en.htm\" target=\"_blank\">20 percent of energy in EU countries must come from renewable sources by 2020\u003c/a>. Europe’s carbon market (unlike America’s) puts a high value on burning “green” energy sources, and wood pellets from North Carolina are fueling this mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One argument in favor of pelletizing leftover crowns is that it’s better than letting them rot on the forest floor. After all, rotting wood releases stored carbon and contributes to the very greenhouse gases we’re trying to avoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70468\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 345px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/0000034594-Enviva__Ahoskie-NC__2012__credit-Dogwood-Alliance-Southwings-c.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70468\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/0000034594-Enviva__Ahoskie-NC__2012__credit-Dogwood-Alliance-Southwings-c-349x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"345\" height=\"250\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Enviva wood pellet plant in Ahoskie, NC operates 24/7. Most of their products are shipped to Europe where it is valued as a renewable energy source. Photo courtesy Dogwood Alliance & SouthWings\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>However, many environmentalists oppose the idea of pelletizing or burning biomass of any kind. They see a denuding of the landscape, where we take everything we can get our hands on -- from wooded wetlands to trees from pristine swamps to stands of old growth forest. They are also concerned with the loss of biodiversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"//www.nrdc.org/energy/forestnotfuel/enviva-wood-pellets.asp\" target=\"_blank\">According to the Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/a>, the source for much of these wood pellets -- the southeastern mixed forest and the middle Atlantic coastal forest ecoregions -- “have been designated by the World Wildlife Fund as Critical/Endangered, because of their high biodiversity and the combination of habitat fragmentation, conversion, and other threats.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While our forests are able to yield plenty of lumber, furniture, and toilet paper, they have no hope of keeping up with our insatiable desire for energy. Conservationists are concerned that the unchecked use of woody biomass for energy could have a devastating impact on our forests. Organizations like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dogwoodalliance.org/2014/03/monster-enviva-wood-pellet-plants-invade-northeast-nc-communities/\" target=\"_blank\">Dogwood Alliance\u003c/a>, based in Asheville, North Carolina, advocate for keeping our forests out of the energy equation altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Dogwood Alliance considers the shipping of this resource to Europe to be a travesty. For Europe to reduce its emissions and claim a “green-energy credit” by burning pellets from southern forests is seen by many as absurd. Among other things, fossil energy is required to ship the wood pellets to Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn’t the first time one culture has stripped another of its resources. Japan’s civilization was built on trees imported from Australia, and the Turkish Empire stripped the Middle East of trees almost entirely. It’s hard to imagine North Carolina as a desert, but human endeavor has done this before all over the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70467\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/0000034594-clearcuts-credit-Southwings.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70467 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/0000034594-clearcuts-credit-Southwings-378x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"378\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">According to wood pellet manufacturer Enviva, clear-cutting forests is often the most sustainable approach to forest management. Photo credit SouthWings\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These days it’s fashionable for scholars to argue about when one resource or another has “peaked.” Peak oil, peak coal, even peak uranium has made it into today’s energy debate, and the notion of “peak forest” is no exception. When a resource peaks, it doesn’t mean that it ceases to exist: it implies that it will get progressively more expensive as more and more of it consumed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyone who has tried to buy land in the woods of North Carolina knows that the southern forest has peaked. Property in areas populated with hardwoods is way more expensive than pine woodlands. Cleared land is even cheaper. Whether for wildlife habitat or shading homes, hardwood lots are prized -- this is something both conservationists and realtors can agree on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question that North Carolina and other wooded states need to consider is, how much of our natural capital are we interested in converting into financial capital by shipping our forest resources to Europe? Perhaps it’s time to put a value on the ecological services our woods provide in the U.S. so that our forests are not destroyed in the process of keeping Europe “green.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/67709/wood-pellet-exports-to-europe","authors":["10563"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_6","quest_11765","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_482","quest_984","quest_12861","quest_1044","quest_12269","quest_12729","quest_12862","quest_12858","quest_2349","quest_10427","quest_2992","quest_2993","quest_10363","quest_10303","quest_12046","quest_12859"],"featImg":"quest_70462","label":"source_quest_67709"},"quest_50654":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_50654","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"50654","score":null,"sort":[1370530835000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"recycling-a-house","title":"Recycling a House","publishDate":1370530835,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/recycling_featured1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-55762\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/recycling_featured1.jpg\" alt=\"recycling_featured\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/recycling_featured1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/recycling_featured1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you think about recycling, you may picture newspapers stacked neatly on your curb for pickup, or those ubiquitous blue bins around your office filled with bottles and cans. But items like papers, plastics and glass represent only a fraction of what we could be recycling. Across America, landfills are still expanding rapidly. One of the major culprits is the debris from housing construction and demolition—much of which could actually be recycled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People understand it’s not right to just throw things away,” says Robert Chapman, Executive Director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.warmtraining.org/wordpress/home/\">WARM Training Center\u003c/a>. “If you’re going to recycle a water bottle, how about recycling houses? It’s the same idea.” WARM Training Center is a Detroit-based nonprofit that trains building professionals and others in an effort to establish a local green-building workforce. In 2011, they founded \u003ca href=\"http://reclaimingdetroit.org/\">Reclaim Detroit\u003c/a>, a subsidiary nonprofit with a mission to divert construction and demolition material from landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_55765\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 381px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-55765 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood.jpg\" alt=\"A worker from Reclaim Detroit salvages wood from a vacant home. Image Courtesy of Reclaim Detroit.\" width=\"381\" height=\"253\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 381px) 100vw, 381px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A worker from Reclaim Detroit removes wood from a vacant home. Image Courtesy of Reclaim Detroit.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Detroit, a city that epitomizes the slow and steady decline of the U.S. manufacturing industry, the residential vacancy rate hovers near 30% and neighborhoods have been hollowed out. “Detroit, in 1960, was a city of almost 2 million people. Right now, it’s estimated around 750,000,” says Chapman. Left jobless by shuttered manufacturers, people fled, leaving tens of thousands of vacant homes in their wake. In this context, demolition is often seen as a welcome alternative to blight. But, according to Chapman, demolition is not the only solution. “There are a lot of homes that were built in the 1910s, 20s and 30s—when Detroit was really booming—that were really solidly built. Instead of pushing a house down and throwing it into a big hole, if we can take it apart carefully and find ways to reuse that, we can give them new life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-55708 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3.jpg\" alt=\"What parts of a house can be recycled?\" width=\"576\" height=\"380\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3-400x264.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3-800x528.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3-1440x950.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3-1180x779.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3-960x634.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As opposed to demolition, which implies reducing a structure to rubble, the process that Chapman’s company employs is more like reverse assembly. It’s a careful and time-consuming approach, which is being dubbed as “deconstruction” by practitioners. “Deconstruction is more of a hands-on approach to razing a structure,” says Igor Rae. Rae owns\u003ca href=\"http://www.greendeconstructionservices.net/\"> Green Deconstruction\u003c/a> further south in Cleveland, a city which has also felt the effects of population loss. “It’s all being done by hand and you’re really kind of reverse-engineering a house. You’re taking things apart in a backwards way from how it was built.” Rae, who has worked in residential restoration and remodeling for 25 years, started Green Deconstruction for projects that range from “soft stripping” —salvaging a few prime architectural elements—to a full home deconstruction, which can recycle as much as 250-300 tons or 85-90% of a house. “This is a good way of handling old items without clogging up landfills. I’ve always hated, in the decades that I’ve been in the construction business, throwing out certain things,” says Rae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_55763\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 414px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-55763 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring.jpg\" alt=\"flooring\" width=\"414\" height=\"277\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 414px) 100vw, 414px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salvaged wood in the Reclaim Detroit warehouse. Image Courtesy of Reclaim Detroit.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One material that’s especially hard to part with is the old-growth lumber found in many older Rustbelt homes. “I heard someone say once that our old-growth forests are still standing, but they’re standing inside of houses,” says Robert Chapman. Rare timbers like Douglas fir, poplar, cherry and oak line windows, make up doors and often form the frames of older homes. According to Igor Rae, old-growth timbers are extremely stable dimensionally, are more rot-resistant and have a lifespan that far exceeds the fast-growth wood that is prevalent today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\" wp-image-55708 \">For the right person, these homes are a goldmine, but finding the right person—or, more accurately, the right \u003cem>people\u003c/em>—is still a challenge. Says Rae, “We’re doing our little part, but there’s a whole world out there. Frankly, we need more people that want things made out of old stuff or who want to recycle things. That’s what is, ultimately, going to drive the business.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Construction companies in the Rustbelt tackle the problem of old, abandoned houses with a new vision for recycling; board by board and brick by brick.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1370547838,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":742},"headData":{"title":"Recycling a House | KQED","description":"Construction companies in the Rustbelt tackle the problem of old, abandoned houses with a new vision for recycling; board by board and brick by brick.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"50654 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=50654","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/06/06/recycling-a-house/","disqusTitle":"Recycling a House","path":"/quest/50654/recycling-a-house","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/recycling_featured1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-55762\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/recycling_featured1.jpg\" alt=\"recycling_featured\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/recycling_featured1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/recycling_featured1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you think about recycling, you may picture newspapers stacked neatly on your curb for pickup, or those ubiquitous blue bins around your office filled with bottles and cans. But items like papers, plastics and glass represent only a fraction of what we could be recycling. Across America, landfills are still expanding rapidly. One of the major culprits is the debris from housing construction and demolition—much of which could actually be recycled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People understand it’s not right to just throw things away,” says Robert Chapman, Executive Director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.warmtraining.org/wordpress/home/\">WARM Training Center\u003c/a>. “If you’re going to recycle a water bottle, how about recycling houses? It’s the same idea.” WARM Training Center is a Detroit-based nonprofit that trains building professionals and others in an effort to establish a local green-building workforce. In 2011, they founded \u003ca href=\"http://reclaimingdetroit.org/\">Reclaim Detroit\u003c/a>, a subsidiary nonprofit with a mission to divert construction and demolition material from landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_55765\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 381px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-55765 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood.jpg\" alt=\"A worker from Reclaim Detroit salvages wood from a vacant home. Image Courtesy of Reclaim Detroit.\" width=\"381\" height=\"253\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 381px) 100vw, 381px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A worker from Reclaim Detroit removes wood from a vacant home. Image Courtesy of Reclaim Detroit.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Detroit, a city that epitomizes the slow and steady decline of the U.S. manufacturing industry, the residential vacancy rate hovers near 30% and neighborhoods have been hollowed out. “Detroit, in 1960, was a city of almost 2 million people. Right now, it’s estimated around 750,000,” says Chapman. Left jobless by shuttered manufacturers, people fled, leaving tens of thousands of vacant homes in their wake. In this context, demolition is often seen as a welcome alternative to blight. But, according to Chapman, demolition is not the only solution. “There are a lot of homes that were built in the 1910s, 20s and 30s—when Detroit was really booming—that were really solidly built. Instead of pushing a house down and throwing it into a big hole, if we can take it apart carefully and find ways to reuse that, we can give them new life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-55708 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3.jpg\" alt=\"What parts of a house can be recycled?\" width=\"576\" height=\"380\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3-400x264.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3-800x528.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3-1440x950.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3-1180x779.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3-960x634.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As opposed to demolition, which implies reducing a structure to rubble, the process that Chapman’s company employs is more like reverse assembly. It’s a careful and time-consuming approach, which is being dubbed as “deconstruction” by practitioners. “Deconstruction is more of a hands-on approach to razing a structure,” says Igor Rae. Rae owns\u003ca href=\"http://www.greendeconstructionservices.net/\"> Green Deconstruction\u003c/a> further south in Cleveland, a city which has also felt the effects of population loss. “It’s all being done by hand and you’re really kind of reverse-engineering a house. You’re taking things apart in a backwards way from how it was built.” Rae, who has worked in residential restoration and remodeling for 25 years, started Green Deconstruction for projects that range from “soft stripping” —salvaging a few prime architectural elements—to a full home deconstruction, which can recycle as much as 250-300 tons or 85-90% of a house. “This is a good way of handling old items without clogging up landfills. I’ve always hated, in the decades that I’ve been in the construction business, throwing out certain things,” says Rae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_55763\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 414px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-55763 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring.jpg\" alt=\"flooring\" width=\"414\" height=\"277\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 414px) 100vw, 414px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salvaged wood in the Reclaim Detroit warehouse. Image Courtesy of Reclaim Detroit.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One material that’s especially hard to part with is the old-growth lumber found in many older Rustbelt homes. “I heard someone say once that our old-growth forests are still standing, but they’re standing inside of houses,” says Robert Chapman. Rare timbers like Douglas fir, poplar, cherry and oak line windows, make up doors and often form the frames of older homes. According to Igor Rae, old-growth timbers are extremely stable dimensionally, are more rot-resistant and have a lifespan that far exceeds the fast-growth wood that is prevalent today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\" wp-image-55708 \">For the right person, these homes are a goldmine, but finding the right person—or, more accurately, the right \u003cem>people\u003c/em>—is still a challenge. Says Rae, “We’re doing our little part, but there’s a whole world out there. Frankly, we need more people that want things made out of old stuff or who want to recycle things. That’s what is, ultimately, going to drive the business.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/50654/recycling-a-house","authors":["10426"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_12021","quest_12039","quest_12038","quest_12040","quest_12043","quest_12045","quest_3293","quest_12044","quest_2388","quest_12042","quest_12041","quest_12046"],"featImg":"quest_55125","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. 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