University of Washington College of the EnvironmentUniversity of Washington College of the Environment
http://coenv.washington.edu/
Antarctic Glacier's Retreat 'Unstoppable'
Oceanographers Discover the Headwaters of Puget Sound
Underwater Observatory Unlocks Ocean Secrets
QUEST TV: Wolves and the Ecology of Fear
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Though the disappearance of Manhattan feels like a distant threat, recent research from the University of Washington indicates the melting of Antarctic glaciers may be happening sooner than previously expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study published in the journal \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/344/6185/735.abstract\">Science\u003c/a> focuses on the Thwaites Glacier, the largest ice sheet on the particularly vulnerable West Antarctic Ice Sheet. It uses new data from \u003ca href=\"https://www.cresis.ku.edu/content/research/field-programs/antarctica\">airborne radar\u003c/a> developed at the University of Kansas to map the underlying bedrock. Earlier studies did not clarify whether there might be topographic features or \"bumps\" below the ice that would stabilize the glacier and slow its descent into the warmer surrounding waters. According to lead author \u003ca href=\"http://www.apl.washington.edu/people/profile.php?last=Joughin&first=Ian\">Ian Joughin\u003c/a>, a glaciologist at the University of Washington’s Applied Physics Laboratory, \"There’s no real stabilizing mechanism we can see.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQMtb1Pd07E\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glaciologist Eric Rignot of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the University of California, Irvine, describes the decline of six rapidly melting glaciers in West Antarctica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71165\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 170px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/ThwaitesShelf.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71165 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/ThwaitesShelf-170x253.jpg\" alt=\"ThwaitesShelf\" width=\"170\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A high-resolution map of Thwaites Glacier’s thinning ice shelf. Photo courtesy of David Shean/UW.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The team combined the new radar data with data from instruments that measure the ice sheet’s rapidly thinning surface and UW’s own satellite-derived measurements of ice surface speeds. They developed a computer model that accurately reproduces the glacier’s ice loss during the past 18 years, and predicts the future melt. Their peek beneath the icy surface reveals the leading edge of the glacier resting on a ridge that physically limits its descent into the warmer surrounding waters. Once the heavy ice sheet melts back beyond this ridge, it will discharge ice to the ocean at a faster rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“Once it really gets past this shallow part, it’s going to start to lose ice very rapidly.\" - Glaciologist Ian Joughin \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Depending on the rate of ocean warming, collapse of the Thwaites is expected to happen in between 200 and 1,000 years. And since the Thwaites Glacier acts as a linchpin, with its disappearance the entire West Antarctic Ice Sheet is likely to follow rapidly, raising ocean levels by 10-13 feet. Program that into \u003ca href=\"http://googlemapsmania.blogspot.com/2009/08/google-maps-of-sea-level-rises.html\">Google Maps of Sea Level Rise\u003c/a>, and you might be surprised. According to Joughin, \"All of our simulations show it will retreat at less than a millimeter of sea level rise per year for a couple of hundred years, and then, boom, it just starts to really go.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"Apple-style-span\" style=\"color: #353535\">\u003cem style=\"font-style: italic\">Source: \u003ca style=\"color: #dba42e\" href=\"http://www.washington.edu/news/2014/05/12/west-antarctic-ice-sheet-collapse-is-under-way/\" target=\"_blank\">University of Washington\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The West Antarctic Ice Sheet is melting, and new research points to its collapse in as little as two hundred years. The likely result: global sea level rise of 10-13 feet.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443563412,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":464},"headData":{"title":"Antarctic Glacier's Retreat 'Unstoppable' | KQED","description":"The West Antarctic Ice Sheet is melting, and new research points to its collapse in as little as two hundred years. The likely result: global sea level rise of 10-13 feet.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Antarctic Glacier's Retreat 'Unstoppable'","datePublished":"2014-07-15T14:00:39.000Z","dateModified":"2015-09-29T21:50:12.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"70933 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=70933","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/07/15/antarctic-glaciers-retreat-unstoppable/","disqusTitle":"Antarctic Glacier's Retreat 'Unstoppable'","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/70933/antarctic-glaciers-retreat-unstoppable","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Global sea levels are rising at an accelerating rate. \u003ca href=\"http://googlemapsmania.blogspot.com/2009/08/google-maps-of-sea-level-rises.html\">Google Maps of Sea Level Rises\u003c/a> will even calculate the impact of rising oceans on your home town. Though the disappearance of Manhattan feels like a distant threat, recent research from the University of Washington indicates the melting of Antarctic glaciers may be happening sooner than previously expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study published in the journal \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/344/6185/735.abstract\">Science\u003c/a> focuses on the Thwaites Glacier, the largest ice sheet on the particularly vulnerable West Antarctic Ice Sheet. It uses new data from \u003ca href=\"https://www.cresis.ku.edu/content/research/field-programs/antarctica\">airborne radar\u003c/a> developed at the University of Kansas to map the underlying bedrock. Earlier studies did not clarify whether there might be topographic features or \"bumps\" below the ice that would stabilize the glacier and slow its descent into the warmer surrounding waters. According to lead author \u003ca href=\"http://www.apl.washington.edu/people/profile.php?last=Joughin&first=Ian\">Ian Joughin\u003c/a>, a glaciologist at the University of Washington’s Applied Physics Laboratory, \"There’s no real stabilizing mechanism we can see.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/YQMtb1Pd07E'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/YQMtb1Pd07E'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Glaciologist Eric Rignot of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the University of California, Irvine, describes the decline of six rapidly melting glaciers in West Antarctica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71165\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 170px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/ThwaitesShelf.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71165 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/ThwaitesShelf-170x253.jpg\" alt=\"ThwaitesShelf\" width=\"170\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A high-resolution map of Thwaites Glacier’s thinning ice shelf. Photo courtesy of David Shean/UW.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The team combined the new radar data with data from instruments that measure the ice sheet’s rapidly thinning surface and UW’s own satellite-derived measurements of ice surface speeds. They developed a computer model that accurately reproduces the glacier’s ice loss during the past 18 years, and predicts the future melt. Their peek beneath the icy surface reveals the leading edge of the glacier resting on a ridge that physically limits its descent into the warmer surrounding waters. Once the heavy ice sheet melts back beyond this ridge, it will discharge ice to the ocean at a faster rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“Once it really gets past this shallow part, it’s going to start to lose ice very rapidly.\" - Glaciologist Ian Joughin \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Depending on the rate of ocean warming, collapse of the Thwaites is expected to happen in between 200 and 1,000 years. And since the Thwaites Glacier acts as a linchpin, with its disappearance the entire West Antarctic Ice Sheet is likely to follow rapidly, raising ocean levels by 10-13 feet. Program that into \u003ca href=\"http://googlemapsmania.blogspot.com/2009/08/google-maps-of-sea-level-rises.html\">Google Maps of Sea Level Rise\u003c/a>, and you might be surprised. According to Joughin, \"All of our simulations show it will retreat at less than a millimeter of sea level rise per year for a couple of hundred years, and then, boom, it just starts to really go.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"Apple-style-span\" style=\"color: #353535\">\u003cem style=\"font-style: italic\">Source: \u003ca style=\"color: #dba42e\" href=\"http://www.washington.edu/news/2014/05/12/west-antarctic-ice-sheet-collapse-is-under-way/\" target=\"_blank\">University of Washington\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/70933/antarctic-glaciers-retreat-unstoppable","authors":["10425"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_12269","quest_12921","quest_12815","quest_12146","quest_12919","quest_12920","quest_12678","quest_12918"],"featImg":"quest_71166","label":"source_quest_70933"},"quest_70420":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_70420","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"70420","score":null,"sort":[1403618456000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"oceanographers-discover-the-headwaters-of-puget-sound","title":"Oceanographers Discover the Headwaters of Puget Sound","publishDate":1403618456,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Scientists may have discovered the source of the Pacific Northwest’s legendary rich waters, in a submarine canyon in the deep ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Washington oceanographers \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2013GL058967/abstract\">published their findings in March\u003c/a>: a surging flow of nutrient-rich warm water from the deep ocean canyon between the U.S. and Canada is swept into the Puget Sound at 20-30 times the rate at which river water comes into Puget Sound from the land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70867\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70867 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/juandefucacanyon-450x246.jpg\" alt=\"juandefucacanyon\" width=\"450\" height=\"246\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The dynamics of the steep ocean canyon promote upwelling of nutrient-rich deep ocean waters into Puget Sound and the Salish Sea system. Image: Google maps.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"This is the headwaters of Puget Sound,\" said co-author \u003ca href=\"http://faculty.washington.edu/pmacc/\">Parker MacCready\u003c/a>, a professor of oceanography at the University of Washington . \"That's why it's so salty in Puget Sound, that's why the water is pretty clean and that's why there's high productivity in Puget Sound, because you're constantly pulling in this deep water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Washington is several times more productive – has more phytoplankton – than Oregon or California. That's been kind of a puzzle, for years,\" said co-author \u003ca href=\"http://www.apl.washington.edu/people/profile.php?last=Alford&first=Matthew\">Matthew Alford\u003c/a>, an oceanographer with the university's Applied Physics Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wealth of phytoplankton supports the Puget Sound ecosystem, from shellfish to salmon runs and orca pods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70876\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 211px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70876 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/m7-211x169.jpg\" alt=\"m7\" width=\"211\" height=\"169\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Professor Parker MacCready, University of Washington School of Oceanography. Photo credit: Kevin Sullivan.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>However, according to MacCready, the high level of nutrients also results in lower pH, better known as\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/ocean-acidification-2/\"> ocean acidification\u003c/a>. He explains how that works: \"The water that upwells through Juan deFuca Canyon is rich in nutrients because over a long time there has been a steady stream of organic particles drifting down from the surface. The organic matter is food for bacteria, like in a compost pile. As the organic particles are eaten the by-products are nutrients (like the ammonia in our urine) and CO2 (like when we exhale).\" So, when deep-canyon water comes to the surface, it carries both the nutrients that feed some creatures and the\u003ca href=\"http://earthfix.opb.org/water/article/acid-water-take-toll-on-puget-sound-shellfish/\"> lower pH levels that threaten others.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alford and MacCready's research will help make better computer models of circulation through the region, and eventually could help forecast changes in ocean acidity and other ocean events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem style=\"font-style: italic;color: #353535\">Source: \u003ca style=\"color: #dba42e\" href=\"http://www.washington.edu/news/2014/04/14/puget-sounds-rich-waters-supplied-by-deep-turbulent-canyon/\" target=\"_blank\">University of Washington\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Scientists may have identified the source of the Pacific Northwest’s legendary rich waters, in a submarine canyon in the deep ocean.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443828623,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":393},"headData":{"title":"Oceanographers Discover the Headwaters of Puget Sound | KQED","description":"Scientists may have identified the source of the Pacific Northwest’s legendary rich waters, in a submarine canyon in the deep ocean.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Oceanographers Discover the Headwaters of Puget Sound","datePublished":"2014-06-24T14:00:56.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-02T23:30:23.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"70420 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=70420","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/06/24/oceanographers-discover-the-headwaters-of-puget-sound/","disqusTitle":"Oceanographers Discover the Headwaters of Puget Sound","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/70420/oceanographers-discover-the-headwaters-of-puget-sound","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Scientists may have discovered the source of the Pacific Northwest’s legendary rich waters, in a submarine canyon in the deep ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Washington oceanographers \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2013GL058967/abstract\">published their findings in March\u003c/a>: a surging flow of nutrient-rich warm water from the deep ocean canyon between the U.S. and Canada is swept into the Puget Sound at 20-30 times the rate at which river water comes into Puget Sound from the land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70867\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70867 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/juandefucacanyon-450x246.jpg\" alt=\"juandefucacanyon\" width=\"450\" height=\"246\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The dynamics of the steep ocean canyon promote upwelling of nutrient-rich deep ocean waters into Puget Sound and the Salish Sea system. Image: Google maps.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"This is the headwaters of Puget Sound,\" said co-author \u003ca href=\"http://faculty.washington.edu/pmacc/\">Parker MacCready\u003c/a>, a professor of oceanography at the University of Washington . \"That's why it's so salty in Puget Sound, that's why the water is pretty clean and that's why there's high productivity in Puget Sound, because you're constantly pulling in this deep water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Washington is several times more productive – has more phytoplankton – than Oregon or California. That's been kind of a puzzle, for years,\" said co-author \u003ca href=\"http://www.apl.washington.edu/people/profile.php?last=Alford&first=Matthew\">Matthew Alford\u003c/a>, an oceanographer with the university's Applied Physics Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wealth of phytoplankton supports the Puget Sound ecosystem, from shellfish to salmon runs and orca pods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70876\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 211px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70876 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/m7-211x169.jpg\" alt=\"m7\" width=\"211\" height=\"169\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Professor Parker MacCready, University of Washington School of Oceanography. Photo credit: Kevin Sullivan.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>However, according to MacCready, the high level of nutrients also results in lower pH, better known as\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/ocean-acidification-2/\"> ocean acidification\u003c/a>. He explains how that works: \"The water that upwells through Juan deFuca Canyon is rich in nutrients because over a long time there has been a steady stream of organic particles drifting down from the surface. The organic matter is food for bacteria, like in a compost pile. As the organic particles are eaten the by-products are nutrients (like the ammonia in our urine) and CO2 (like when we exhale).\" So, when deep-canyon water comes to the surface, it carries both the nutrients that feed some creatures and the\u003ca href=\"http://earthfix.opb.org/water/article/acid-water-take-toll-on-puget-sound-shellfish/\"> lower pH levels that threaten others.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alford and MacCready's research will help make better computer models of circulation through the region, and eventually could help forecast changes in ocean acidity and other ocean events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem style=\"font-style: italic;color: #353535\">Source: \u003ca style=\"color: #dba42e\" href=\"http://www.washington.edu/news/2014/04/14/puget-sounds-rich-waters-supplied-by-deep-turbulent-canyon/\" target=\"_blank\">University of Washington\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/70420/oceanographers-discover-the-headwaters-of-puget-sound","authors":["10425"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_12269","quest_12239","quest_12815","quest_2035","quest_2046","quest_12856","quest_12146","quest_11834","quest_12678","quest_3040"],"featImg":"quest_70870","label":"source_quest_70420"},"quest_68070":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_68070","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"68070","score":null,"sort":[1399384853000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"underwater-observatory-unlocks-ocean-secrets","title":"Underwater Observatory Unlocks Ocean Secrets","publishDate":1399384853,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The oceans are the world’s largest ecosystem. Encompassing roughly 70 percent of Earth’s surface, they drive global climate and are critical to life on the continents. And yet they are some of the most mysterious and little known places on our planet. But one of the most ambitious ocean research projects ever undertaken is meant to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://oceanobservatories.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Oceans Observatories Initiative\u003c/a>, a collaboration among several universities and institutions, is outfitting the global oceans with a suite of instruments that could revolutionize the way scientists study the deep seas. More than 700 instruments and sensors -- including seismometers, mass spectrometers, and high-definition cameras -- are being deployed, some at depths of 10,000 feet. Many will be connected to scientists on shore via Internet-linked cables able to transmit massive streams of scientific data in near-real time. The project, funded by the National Science Foundation, has the potential to change the way we study the ocean. Research in the deep oceans is difficult and expensive, and the time people can spend immersed in this environment is relatively brief. Scientists often study the oceans from aboard ships, sampling and surveying the waters about their vessels. In the constantly shifting and evolving oceans, this type of research has its limitations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69306\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 326px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/ooi_map_new_rsninsetrev3-12_b_med.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-69306 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/ooi_map_new_rsninsetrev3-12_b_med-326x360.jpg\" alt=\"Ocean Observatory Initiative University of Washington National Science Foundation\" width=\"326\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Ocean Observatory Initiative's research sites span the oceans, from the waters off Chile to the coast of Greenland. Image courtesy of OOI-RSN and CEV, University of Washington. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Poised to help overcome many of these research challenges, this new initiative will establish a vast network of monitoring equipment, from the waters off Chile to the coast of Greenland, that will continually monitor undersea activity 24/7 and relay many different types of information to shore. The instruments are expected to operate for at least 25 years, which will allow scientists to monitor changes over time and discern the ocean’s cycles. “The ocean changes on a seasonal basis, an annual basis, on a decadal cycle, and there are even some cycles that are at the century level,” said John Delaney, a professor of oceanography at the University of Washington, who is leading the effort to build \u003ca href=\"http://www.interactiveoceans.washington.edu/\">one of these cabled underwater observatory systems\u003c/a> in the coastal waters of the Pacific Northwest. “We have to have enough of a database collected over a long enough period of time to be able to compare against previous measurements to say, ‘Boy, we’ve never seen that and no one else has either.’” But what happens to the scads of data collected? Does it get secreted away in some digital file cabinet? The Ocean Observatories Initiative is taking a novel approach by making the data available and accessible to everyone, scientists and citizens alike. “Anybody in the country will be able to do oceanography,” said Deborah Kelley, associate director of science for the Pacific Northwest’s cabled underwater observatory. “You won’t have to have a very large proposal funded by a national foundation. Anybody can pick this data up. It’s citizen science. That’s exciting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69311\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 405px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/RSN-Essential-Elements4.HD_.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-69311 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/RSN-Essential-Elements4.HD_.jpg\" alt=\"Ocean Observatory Initiative University of Washington National Science Foundation\" width=\"405\" height=\"228\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Ocean Observatories Initiative employs myriad high-tech instruments and sensors. Image courtesy of OOI-RSN and CEV, University of Washington.Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The public could play a key role in unlocking some of the ocean’s mysteries in the same way that online collaborations like \u003ca href=\"http://eterna.cmu.edu/web/\" target=\"_blank\">Eterna\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://fold.it/portal/\" target=\"_blank\">Foldit\u003c/a> enlist public help to solve vexing scientific problems. According to Delaney, the answers they discover could have significant ramifications for the future of all life on Earth. “The ocean is the life-support system for the entire planet. It’s the equivalent of the backpack that the astronauts had on the moon,” Delaney said. “And we need to establish how the ocean is changing, and whether or not it is headed toward some critical tipping point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Watch this two-minute video for a sneak peek at an underwater observatory that could revolutionize oceanography.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457561085,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":669},"headData":{"title":"Underwater Observatory Unlocks Ocean Secrets | KQED","description":"Watch this two-minute video for a sneak peek at an underwater observatory that could revolutionize oceanography.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Underwater Observatory Unlocks Ocean Secrets","datePublished":"2014-05-06T14:00:53.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-09T22:04:45.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"68070 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=68070","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/05/06/underwater-observatory-unlocks-ocean-secrets/","disqusTitle":"Underwater Observatory Unlocks Ocean Secrets","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tNycNr0nu9s","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/68070/underwater-observatory-unlocks-ocean-secrets","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The oceans are the world’s largest ecosystem. Encompassing roughly 70 percent of Earth’s surface, they drive global climate and are critical to life on the continents. And yet they are some of the most mysterious and little known places on our planet. But one of the most ambitious ocean research projects ever undertaken is meant to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://oceanobservatories.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Oceans Observatories Initiative\u003c/a>, a collaboration among several universities and institutions, is outfitting the global oceans with a suite of instruments that could revolutionize the way scientists study the deep seas. More than 700 instruments and sensors -- including seismometers, mass spectrometers, and high-definition cameras -- are being deployed, some at depths of 10,000 feet. Many will be connected to scientists on shore via Internet-linked cables able to transmit massive streams of scientific data in near-real time. The project, funded by the National Science Foundation, has the potential to change the way we study the ocean. Research in the deep oceans is difficult and expensive, and the time people can spend immersed in this environment is relatively brief. Scientists often study the oceans from aboard ships, sampling and surveying the waters about their vessels. In the constantly shifting and evolving oceans, this type of research has its limitations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69306\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 326px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/ooi_map_new_rsninsetrev3-12_b_med.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-69306 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/ooi_map_new_rsninsetrev3-12_b_med-326x360.jpg\" alt=\"Ocean Observatory Initiative University of Washington National Science Foundation\" width=\"326\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Ocean Observatory Initiative's research sites span the oceans, from the waters off Chile to the coast of Greenland. Image courtesy of OOI-RSN and CEV, University of Washington. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Poised to help overcome many of these research challenges, this new initiative will establish a vast network of monitoring equipment, from the waters off Chile to the coast of Greenland, that will continually monitor undersea activity 24/7 and relay many different types of information to shore. The instruments are expected to operate for at least 25 years, which will allow scientists to monitor changes over time and discern the ocean’s cycles. “The ocean changes on a seasonal basis, an annual basis, on a decadal cycle, and there are even some cycles that are at the century level,” said John Delaney, a professor of oceanography at the University of Washington, who is leading the effort to build \u003ca href=\"http://www.interactiveoceans.washington.edu/\">one of these cabled underwater observatory systems\u003c/a> in the coastal waters of the Pacific Northwest. “We have to have enough of a database collected over a long enough period of time to be able to compare against previous measurements to say, ‘Boy, we’ve never seen that and no one else has either.’” But what happens to the scads of data collected? Does it get secreted away in some digital file cabinet? The Ocean Observatories Initiative is taking a novel approach by making the data available and accessible to everyone, scientists and citizens alike. “Anybody in the country will be able to do oceanography,” said Deborah Kelley, associate director of science for the Pacific Northwest’s cabled underwater observatory. “You won’t have to have a very large proposal funded by a national foundation. Anybody can pick this data up. It’s citizen science. That’s exciting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69311\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 405px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/RSN-Essential-Elements4.HD_.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-69311 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/RSN-Essential-Elements4.HD_.jpg\" alt=\"Ocean Observatory Initiative University of Washington National Science Foundation\" width=\"405\" height=\"228\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Ocean Observatories Initiative employs myriad high-tech instruments and sensors. Image courtesy of OOI-RSN and CEV, University of Washington.Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The public could play a key role in unlocking some of the ocean’s mysteries in the same way that online collaborations like \u003ca href=\"http://eterna.cmu.edu/web/\" target=\"_blank\">Eterna\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://fold.it/portal/\" target=\"_blank\">Foldit\u003c/a> enlist public help to solve vexing scientific problems. According to Delaney, the answers they discover could have significant ramifications for the future of all life on Earth. “The ocean is the life-support system for the entire planet. It’s the equivalent of the backpack that the astronauts had on the moon,” Delaney said. “And we need to establish how the ocean is changing, and whether or not it is headed toward some critical tipping point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/68070/underwater-observatory-unlocks-ocean-secrets","authors":["10446"],"categories":["quest_3422","quest_3233","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_12269","quest_12807","quest_12815","quest_10013","quest_2016","quest_2034","quest_12814","quest_12810","quest_12146","quest_2893","quest_11834","quest_12678","quest_3071"],"featImg":"quest_69301","label":"source_quest_68070"},"quest_66669":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_66669","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"66669","score":null,"sort":[1394118046000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"wolves-and-the-ecology-of-fear","title":"QUEST TV: Wolves and the Ecology of Fear","publishDate":1394118046,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Does “the big bad wolf” play an important role in the modern-day food web? In this video we journey to Washington State’s Cascade Mountains, where the return of wolves could have a profound impact on a vast wilderness area. We meet up with biologist Aaron Wirsing to explore why wolves and other top predators are needed for diverse ecosystems to flourish. Using a simple video camera (a “deer-cam”) Wirsing is gaining a unique perspective on predator/prey relationships and changing the way we think about wolves.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Wolves in the Crosshairs: Q&A with conservationist, Fred Koontz\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67879\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 233px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67879 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Fred-Koontz-e1393522320642.jpg\" alt=\"Fred Koontz\" width=\"233\" height=\"309\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Fred-Koontz-e1393522320642.jpg 432w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Fred-Koontz-e1393522320642-400x530.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 233px) 100vw, 233px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Fred Koontz\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gray wolves are in the crosshairs of a heated conservation debate, with the federal government trying to strip all protections for them in the continental U.S. Dr. Fred Koontz, vice president of field conservation at Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle, has worked in conservation for three decades and has studied the wolf issue. We talked with Dr. Koontz about the future of wolves in the U.S. and the role they play in maintaining healthy ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wolves may be the most polarizing animal in North America, more so than other large carnivores like cougars or grizzly bears. Why?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>The gray wolf is one of the world's most adaptable and widely distributed mammals, ranging over much of Asia, Europe, and North America. Wolves, the size of a German shepherd, are pack-hunting predators that sometimes kill livestock. Combined with wolves’ nocturnal behavior and haunting howling, this has resulted in a long history of conflict with people, especially as human numbers have increased exponentially in recent centuries and agricultural lands expanded into wolf habitat. There are, however, very few documented cases of wolves attacking people, but the rare times it’s happened it’s been sensationalized and blown out of proportion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How have your perceptions or understanding of wolves changed over the years?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>At an early age, my mother read with much theatrical expression “Little Red Riding Hood,” which, like many children, left me fearing the “big bad wolf.” This negative image was reinforced with similar wolf-themed horror movies that I ashamedly spent far too much time watching in my youth. Only when I studied ecology and animal behavior in college and as a wildlife professional did I see a different image of the wolf. Wolves are important regulators of prey numbers and behavior, and as such, influence a web of ecological interactions that enrich biological diversity. I learned also that among many adaptive traits enabling their evolutionary success, wolves have a rich social life and extraordinary set of communication behaviors. The more I learned, the more fascinated I became in understanding how wolves and people might live together for their mutual benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gray wolves have been taken off the federal endangered species list in some states, such as Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana. And a \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/home/wolfrecovery/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>recent federal proposal \u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>would strip all gray wolves in the continental U.S. of their federal protection. How did this come to be? What kind of politics are at play?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67887\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 389px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67887 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow.jpg\" alt=\"2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow\" width=\"389\" height=\"258\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow.jpg 1542w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-400x265.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-1440x953.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-1180x781.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-960x636.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 389px) 100vw, 389px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gray wolves can come in an assortment of colors, such as these all-white wolves. Photo courtesy of Ryan Hawk, Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Under the Endangered Species Act, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) in 1974 first listed gray wolves as endangered in the lower 48 states. Now they propose to remove them from the ESA list. This idea follows from three decades of actions undertaken by federal, state, and local partners that resulted in population recovery and delisting in 2011 of wolves living in the western Great Lakes states and northern Rockies. With about 6,000 wolves residing in these two recovery areas, USFWS believes that the gray wolf population in general is well established and stable enough to warrant delisting. Many state wildlife officials welcome the move as they are eager to take back the management authority for animals within their political borders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, many conservation scientists and wolf advocates believe that more time on the endangered species list -- and [under] federal protection -- would allow wolves a greater opportunity to reclaim more of their former territory and grow the number of their populations. This is important because, despite wolf recovery success in the Great Lakes states and Rocky Mountains, there is still a lot of their former range not yet occupied. Expanded range and more populations, in turn, will provide greater species resiliency to unexpected environmental disruptions like climate change and emerging diseases and also improve long-term wolf survival in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An independent review panel recently found that the federal government \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://earthfix.kcts9.org/flora-and-fauna/article/panel-finds-feds-didnt-use-best-science-in-wolf-pl/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>used uncertain science\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong> when it proposed removing the gray wolf from the endangered species list across the lower 48 states. What could that mean for the future of wolves?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>This is important because under Endangered Species Act law the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is obligated to use the best available science. The Service claimed that new genetic research indicated that wolves living in the eastern U.S. were actually a different species, and thus should not be considered as part of the original listing or part of the historic range. The expert panel said the genetic research was uncertain and based largely on one paper. The panel’s report has reopened the debate about delisting gray wolves, and I suspect it will extend the time wolves remain listed. The final decision on delisting is yet to be determined -- public comment is \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/news/ShowNews.cfm?ID=0D493E53-AC54-99DD-52400A7BAA5A6085\" target=\"_blank\">encouraged\u003c/a>. [Note: deadline is March 27, 2014]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the long run, the debate about delisting wolves invites larger questions like, what constitutes full recovery of any endangered species, and does the legal framework of the ESA reflect current conservation science and principles of sustainable living? Most importantly, there needs to be agreement at the onset about the ultimate purpose of recovery -- is it simply species survival or restoring ecological function? There are no easy answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67891\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-67891 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak.jpg\" alt=\"Mule Deer Lauren Sobkoviak\" width=\"378\" height=\"284\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak.jpg 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 378px) 100vw, 378px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mule Deer photo courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/ashrunner/8522517826/\" target=\"_blank\">Lauren Sobkoviak.\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is it possible for wolves and humans to coexist? What needs to change for that to happen?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>I think that wolves and humans ultimately will coexist by sharing land in two key places -- protected areas and rural areas managed for the benefit of people and wildlife, for example, park buffer lands, multiple-use public lands, and designated wildlife corridors. For the reconciliation between wolves and humans to prove fully successful, we will first need a broader understanding of the role that apex predators play in creating healthy ecosystems and why healthy ecosystems are needed by people. In other words, there must be a broader understanding of \u003cstrong>why \u003c/strong>saving wolves is essential to sustainable living. Greater public will to save wolves will result in increased public spending needed to conduct science and carry out sound management actions. For example, we need more research on improving ranching practices to minimize wolf predation of livestock, and insurance programs that compensate ranchers for unavoidable losses. There is already good evidence from pilot efforts that such research and management programs are possible -- and that they work!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why should people care about the fate of wolves?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>The fate of wolves is tied directly to the greatest challenge facing humankind this century -- sustainable living! With more than seven billion people consuming resources at an accelerating pace, this generation of world citizens must transform our societies to sustainable ones. We must, among other things, protect a wide variety of animal and plant species -- scientists call this “biodiversity.” Many conservation scientists believe that apex predators (animals at the top of the food chain), like wolves, are necessary to maintain habitats rich in life. In turn, high levels of biodiversity bring many direct benefits to people -- everything from providing food and fiber to protecting water supplies and enriching recreation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67904\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 367px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67904 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499.jpg\" alt=\"Scientist 1\" width=\"367\" height=\"303\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499.jpg 1133w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499-400x330.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499-800x661.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499-960x793.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 367px) 100vw, 367px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Biologist Aaron Wirsing for the University of Washington (right) and graduate student Justin Dellinger (left) radio collar deer with video cameras in order to better understand predator-prey dynamics. Photo courtesy of Greg Davis.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Understanding the links between apex predators and biodiversity is a growing area of research for scientists like Aaron Wirsing of the University of Washington. Since 2008, wolves have been returning to Washington and have reestablished populations in the U.S. northern Rockies. This has provided a unique research opportunity for Wirsing and other scientists. For example, deer populations in Washington have likely over-browsed plants for decades in the absence of gray wolves. One consequence of deer eating trees along streambeds is less habitat for birds, and streams that are more likely to harbor fewer cold-water fish like trout because they are filled with sediments from soil erosion and overheated because of lack of shade. With wolves back in the state, Wirsing is leading a study to document how wolves are changing mule and white-tail deer populations, which in turn affects forest landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why do you care about wolves?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>I care about wolves because as apex predators they contribute significantly to enriching biodiversity needed by people for sustainable living. I also care about wolves because I admire them! Wolves are amazing for many reasons, but I am especially fascinated by their complex social behavior and adaptable lifestyles, two traits that they share with humans. Also, one of the most important reasons I care is that wild wolves in the U.S. are a symbolic way of keeping our American heritage of wilderness alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Additional Resources/Links:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/species/mammals/wolf/\" target=\"_blank\">Wolf information from US Fish & Wildlife Service\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://wdfw.wa.gov/conservation/gray_wolf/\" target=\"_blank\">Wolves in Washington State\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Living with Wolves\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://westernwildlife.org/gray-wolf-outreach-project/\" target=\"_blank\">Gray Wolf Outreach Project\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.zoo.org/coexisting-with-carnivores#.Uyh3a_ldV8E\" target=\"_blank\">Seattle Woodland Park Zoo's \"Coexisting With Carnivores\" School Program\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In Washington state, wolves and deer are playing out a high-stakes game of cat-and-mouse that could have profound impacts on the ecosystem. Watch the video and find out what conservationist, Fred Koontz has to say about the need to protect \"the big bad wolf.\"","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457555585,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":1614},"headData":{"title":"QUEST TV: Wolves and the Ecology of Fear | KQED","description":"In Washington state, wolves and deer are playing out a high-stakes game of cat-and-mouse that could have profound impacts on the ecosystem. Watch the video and find out what conservationist, Fred Koontz has to say about the need to protect "the big bad wolf."","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"QUEST TV: Wolves and the Ecology of Fear","datePublished":"2014-03-06T15:00:46.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-09T20:33:05.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"66669 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=66669","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/03/06/wolves-and-the-ecology-of-fear/","disqusTitle":"QUEST TV: Wolves and the Ecology of Fear","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sM3L41-xulU","path":"/quest/66669/wolves-and-the-ecology-of-fear","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Does “the big bad wolf” play an important role in the modern-day food web? In this video we journey to Washington State’s Cascade Mountains, where the return of wolves could have a profound impact on a vast wilderness area. We meet up with biologist Aaron Wirsing to explore why wolves and other top predators are needed for diverse ecosystems to flourish. Using a simple video camera (a “deer-cam”) Wirsing is gaining a unique perspective on predator/prey relationships and changing the way we think about wolves.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Wolves in the Crosshairs: Q&A with conservationist, Fred Koontz\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67879\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 233px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67879 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Fred-Koontz-e1393522320642.jpg\" alt=\"Fred Koontz\" width=\"233\" height=\"309\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Fred-Koontz-e1393522320642.jpg 432w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Fred-Koontz-e1393522320642-400x530.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 233px) 100vw, 233px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Fred Koontz\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gray wolves are in the crosshairs of a heated conservation debate, with the federal government trying to strip all protections for them in the continental U.S. Dr. Fred Koontz, vice president of field conservation at Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle, has worked in conservation for three decades and has studied the wolf issue. We talked with Dr. Koontz about the future of wolves in the U.S. and the role they play in maintaining healthy ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wolves may be the most polarizing animal in North America, more so than other large carnivores like cougars or grizzly bears. Why?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>The gray wolf is one of the world's most adaptable and widely distributed mammals, ranging over much of Asia, Europe, and North America. Wolves, the size of a German shepherd, are pack-hunting predators that sometimes kill livestock. Combined with wolves’ nocturnal behavior and haunting howling, this has resulted in a long history of conflict with people, especially as human numbers have increased exponentially in recent centuries and agricultural lands expanded into wolf habitat. There are, however, very few documented cases of wolves attacking people, but the rare times it’s happened it’s been sensationalized and blown out of proportion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How have your perceptions or understanding of wolves changed over the years?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>At an early age, my mother read with much theatrical expression “Little Red Riding Hood,” which, like many children, left me fearing the “big bad wolf.” This negative image was reinforced with similar wolf-themed horror movies that I ashamedly spent far too much time watching in my youth. Only when I studied ecology and animal behavior in college and as a wildlife professional did I see a different image of the wolf. Wolves are important regulators of prey numbers and behavior, and as such, influence a web of ecological interactions that enrich biological diversity. I learned also that among many adaptive traits enabling their evolutionary success, wolves have a rich social life and extraordinary set of communication behaviors. The more I learned, the more fascinated I became in understanding how wolves and people might live together for their mutual benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gray wolves have been taken off the federal endangered species list in some states, such as Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana. And a \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/home/wolfrecovery/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>recent federal proposal \u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>would strip all gray wolves in the continental U.S. of their federal protection. How did this come to be? What kind of politics are at play?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67887\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 389px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67887 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow.jpg\" alt=\"2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow\" width=\"389\" height=\"258\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow.jpg 1542w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-400x265.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-1440x953.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-1180x781.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-960x636.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 389px) 100vw, 389px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gray wolves can come in an assortment of colors, such as these all-white wolves. Photo courtesy of Ryan Hawk, Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Under the Endangered Species Act, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) in 1974 first listed gray wolves as endangered in the lower 48 states. Now they propose to remove them from the ESA list. This idea follows from three decades of actions undertaken by federal, state, and local partners that resulted in population recovery and delisting in 2011 of wolves living in the western Great Lakes states and northern Rockies. With about 6,000 wolves residing in these two recovery areas, USFWS believes that the gray wolf population in general is well established and stable enough to warrant delisting. Many state wildlife officials welcome the move as they are eager to take back the management authority for animals within their political borders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, many conservation scientists and wolf advocates believe that more time on the endangered species list -- and [under] federal protection -- would allow wolves a greater opportunity to reclaim more of their former territory and grow the number of their populations. This is important because, despite wolf recovery success in the Great Lakes states and Rocky Mountains, there is still a lot of their former range not yet occupied. Expanded range and more populations, in turn, will provide greater species resiliency to unexpected environmental disruptions like climate change and emerging diseases and also improve long-term wolf survival in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An independent review panel recently found that the federal government \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://earthfix.kcts9.org/flora-and-fauna/article/panel-finds-feds-didnt-use-best-science-in-wolf-pl/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>used uncertain science\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong> when it proposed removing the gray wolf from the endangered species list across the lower 48 states. What could that mean for the future of wolves?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>This is important because under Endangered Species Act law the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is obligated to use the best available science. The Service claimed that new genetic research indicated that wolves living in the eastern U.S. were actually a different species, and thus should not be considered as part of the original listing or part of the historic range. The expert panel said the genetic research was uncertain and based largely on one paper. The panel’s report has reopened the debate about delisting gray wolves, and I suspect it will extend the time wolves remain listed. The final decision on delisting is yet to be determined -- public comment is \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/news/ShowNews.cfm?ID=0D493E53-AC54-99DD-52400A7BAA5A6085\" target=\"_blank\">encouraged\u003c/a>. [Note: deadline is March 27, 2014]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the long run, the debate about delisting wolves invites larger questions like, what constitutes full recovery of any endangered species, and does the legal framework of the ESA reflect current conservation science and principles of sustainable living? Most importantly, there needs to be agreement at the onset about the ultimate purpose of recovery -- is it simply species survival or restoring ecological function? There are no easy answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67891\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-67891 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak.jpg\" alt=\"Mule Deer Lauren Sobkoviak\" width=\"378\" height=\"284\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak.jpg 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 378px) 100vw, 378px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mule Deer photo courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/ashrunner/8522517826/\" target=\"_blank\">Lauren Sobkoviak.\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is it possible for wolves and humans to coexist? What needs to change for that to happen?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>I think that wolves and humans ultimately will coexist by sharing land in two key places -- protected areas and rural areas managed for the benefit of people and wildlife, for example, park buffer lands, multiple-use public lands, and designated wildlife corridors. For the reconciliation between wolves and humans to prove fully successful, we will first need a broader understanding of the role that apex predators play in creating healthy ecosystems and why healthy ecosystems are needed by people. In other words, there must be a broader understanding of \u003cstrong>why \u003c/strong>saving wolves is essential to sustainable living. Greater public will to save wolves will result in increased public spending needed to conduct science and carry out sound management actions. For example, we need more research on improving ranching practices to minimize wolf predation of livestock, and insurance programs that compensate ranchers for unavoidable losses. There is already good evidence from pilot efforts that such research and management programs are possible -- and that they work!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why should people care about the fate of wolves?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>The fate of wolves is tied directly to the greatest challenge facing humankind this century -- sustainable living! With more than seven billion people consuming resources at an accelerating pace, this generation of world citizens must transform our societies to sustainable ones. We must, among other things, protect a wide variety of animal and plant species -- scientists call this “biodiversity.” Many conservation scientists believe that apex predators (animals at the top of the food chain), like wolves, are necessary to maintain habitats rich in life. In turn, high levels of biodiversity bring many direct benefits to people -- everything from providing food and fiber to protecting water supplies and enriching recreation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67904\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 367px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67904 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499.jpg\" alt=\"Scientist 1\" width=\"367\" height=\"303\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499.jpg 1133w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499-400x330.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499-800x661.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499-960x793.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 367px) 100vw, 367px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Biologist Aaron Wirsing for the University of Washington (right) and graduate student Justin Dellinger (left) radio collar deer with video cameras in order to better understand predator-prey dynamics. Photo courtesy of Greg Davis.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Understanding the links between apex predators and biodiversity is a growing area of research for scientists like Aaron Wirsing of the University of Washington. Since 2008, wolves have been returning to Washington and have reestablished populations in the U.S. northern Rockies. This has provided a unique research opportunity for Wirsing and other scientists. For example, deer populations in Washington have likely over-browsed plants for decades in the absence of gray wolves. One consequence of deer eating trees along streambeds is less habitat for birds, and streams that are more likely to harbor fewer cold-water fish like trout because they are filled with sediments from soil erosion and overheated because of lack of shade. With wolves back in the state, Wirsing is leading a study to document how wolves are changing mule and white-tail deer populations, which in turn affects forest landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why do you care about wolves?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>I care about wolves because as apex predators they contribute significantly to enriching biodiversity needed by people for sustainable living. I also care about wolves because I admire them! Wolves are amazing for many reasons, but I am especially fascinated by their complex social behavior and adaptable lifestyles, two traits that they share with humans. Also, one of the most important reasons I care is that wild wolves in the U.S. are a symbolic way of keeping our American heritage of wilderness alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Additional Resources/Links:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/species/mammals/wolf/\" target=\"_blank\">Wolf information from US Fish & Wildlife Service\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://wdfw.wa.gov/conservation/gray_wolf/\" target=\"_blank\">Wolves in Washington State\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Living with Wolves\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://westernwildlife.org/gray-wolf-outreach-project/\" target=\"_blank\">Gray Wolf Outreach Project\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.zoo.org/coexisting-with-carnivores#.Uyh3a_ldV8E\" target=\"_blank\">Seattle Woodland Park Zoo's \"Coexisting With Carnivores\" School Program\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/66669/wolves-and-the-ecology-of-fear","authors":["10446","10425"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_68","quest_12556","quest_326","quest_12553","quest_12685","quest_12665","quest_12666","quest_10120","quest_12608","quest_12269","quest_12664","quest_2275","quest_2291","quest_12146","quest_2893","quest_12678","quest_3071","quest_3821","quest_3178","quest_12161"],"featImg":"quest_67886","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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