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Jerry Brown, took effect, limiting full-contact practice for middle and high-school students to twice per week, and requiring any student who suffered a concussion to wait at least a week before returning to play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law is in part a reflection of the increasing concern over concussions, brain injuries caused by a blow to the head or a rapid acceleration and deceleration to the head which could occur during a car accident, collision during a sporting event, or other traumatic event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year, two million people in the U.S. suffer a concussion, according to the Centers for Disease Control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74376\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_soccer-e1441307785189.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-74376\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_soccer-e1441307785189.jpg\" alt=\"Concussions are common in contact sports such as soccer and football. Image by Blake McHugh\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_soccer-e1441307785189.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_soccer-e1441307785189-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>Concussions are common in contact sports such as soccer and football. Image by Blake McHugh\u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The brain hits these bony structures inside of the skull, and that causes damage to occur,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.mtdiablomemorycenter.com/about-us/\">Eric Freitag\u003c/a>, a neuropsychologist based in Walnut Creek who administers cognitive testing to high school students who play contact sports such as football and soccer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Common symptoms of concussions include fatigue, headache, nausea, blurriness of vision, memory loss and occasionally, loss of consciousness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although most people recover from concussions within a week to 10 days, a significant number of patients may have difficulty returning to work or school weeks or months after their head injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74342\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_Geoff_Manley.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-74342\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_Geoff_Manley.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Geoffrey Manley looks at CT and MRI scans at the Brain and Spinal Injury Center in San Francisco. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_Geoff_Manley.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_Geoff_Manley-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_Geoff_Manley-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_Geoff_Manley-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_Geoff_Manley-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_Geoff_Manley-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>Dr. Geoffrey Manley looks at CT and MRI scans at the Brain and Spinal Injury Center in San Francisco. Image by Blake McHugh\u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There’s a subset of these individuals, at least 15 percent, that go on to have persistent problems,” said\u003ca href=\"http://neurosurgery.ucsf.edu/index.php/about_us_faculty_manley.html\"> Dr. Geoffrey Manley\u003c/a>, Chief of Neurosurgery at San Francisco General Hospital. “These aren’t simply having your bell rung, these are life-changing events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors often grade traumatic brain injuries according to whether they are considered “mild,” “moderate” or “severe.” Manley believes more precision is needed to better define, diagnose and treat these injuries, which can vary widely from patient to patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, he received funding from the National Institutes of Health to launch a pilot study that recruited 600 concussion patients from several national trauma centers, and tracked their progress for up to six months following their injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each of the patients had a CT scan, an imaging technique that Manley calls “the gold standard” of evaluating brain injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patients also had an MRI scan which detected the presence of micro-bleeds and bruising in the brain for nearly 30 percent of patients who otherwise had normal CT scans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74339\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_brain.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-74339\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_brain.jpg\" alt=\"An MRI scan reveals a micro-bleed in the brain of a concussion patient. Image courtesy of Blake McHugh for KQED Science\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_brain.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_brain-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_brain-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_brain-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_brain-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_brain-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>An MRI scan with an arrow indicating a micro-bleed in the brain of a patient who suffered a concussion. Image by Blake McHugh \u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“These patients with these abnormalities on their MRI scan took much longer to recover and did worse at three months,” Manley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, he received additional NIH funding to expand \u003ca href=\"http://www.brainandspinalinjury.org/research.php?id=189\">the study \u003c/a>by recruiting 3,000 concussion patients across the United States. In addition to traditional MRI scans, the research team is also using an advanced MRI imaging technique that helps visualize structural damage to white matter fiber tracts that provide long-range communication between different parts of the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manley and his colleagues at UC San Francisco are looking for genetic differences in dopamine, a critical neurotransmitter in the brain, which may make some people particularly susceptible to longer recovery times following concussions. The research team has also identified a blood-based protein that appears to be released from the brain following a traumatic brain injury. The research may one day yield a blood test that could help diagnose a concussion if imaging techniques aren’t readily available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This way, we can develop a more personalized approach to the treatment, because there’s no one-size-fits-all for something as complicated as a brain injury,” Manley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A special thanks to Dr. Alexander Leemans for the kind use of his 3D tractography brain imagery and animations. This video story was originally produced and updated by Sheraz Sadiq. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Dr. Geoffrey Manley, Chief of Neurosurgery at San Francisco General Hospital, is exploring new ways to better diagnose and treat concussions, a brain injury suffered by two million people each year in the U.S. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1446761875,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":708},"headData":{"title":"Sidelined: Sports Concussions | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Sidelined: Sports Concussions","datePublished":"2015-11-04T14:00:56.000Z","dateModified":"2015-11-05T22:17:55.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"74336 http://science.kqed.org/quest?p=74336&post_type=videos&preview_id=74336","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2015/11/04/sidelined-sports-concussions-2/","disqusTitle":"Sidelined: Sports Concussions","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/TvMEazAEeWI","source":"Health","sourceUrl":"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/health/","path":"/quest/74336/sidelined-sports-concussions-2","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s football season, but this fall there won’t be as many hard-hitting practices in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, a new state law, signed last year by Gov. Jerry Brown, took effect, limiting full-contact practice for middle and high-school students to twice per week, and requiring any student who suffered a concussion to wait at least a week before returning to play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law is in part a reflection of the increasing concern over concussions, brain injuries caused by a blow to the head or a rapid acceleration and deceleration to the head which could occur during a car accident, collision during a sporting event, or other traumatic event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year, two million people in the U.S. suffer a concussion, according to the Centers for Disease Control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74376\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_soccer-e1441307785189.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-74376\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_soccer-e1441307785189.jpg\" alt=\"Concussions are common in contact sports such as soccer and football. Image by Blake McHugh\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_soccer-e1441307785189.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_soccer-e1441307785189-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>Concussions are common in contact sports such as soccer and football. Image by Blake McHugh\u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The brain hits these bony structures inside of the skull, and that causes damage to occur,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.mtdiablomemorycenter.com/about-us/\">Eric Freitag\u003c/a>, a neuropsychologist based in Walnut Creek who administers cognitive testing to high school students who play contact sports such as football and soccer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Common symptoms of concussions include fatigue, headache, nausea, blurriness of vision, memory loss and occasionally, loss of consciousness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although most people recover from concussions within a week to 10 days, a significant number of patients may have difficulty returning to work or school weeks or months after their head injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74342\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_Geoff_Manley.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-74342\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_Geoff_Manley.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Geoffrey Manley looks at CT and MRI scans at the Brain and Spinal Injury Center in San Francisco. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_Geoff_Manley.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_Geoff_Manley-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_Geoff_Manley-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_Geoff_Manley-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_Geoff_Manley-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_Geoff_Manley-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>Dr. Geoffrey Manley looks at CT and MRI scans at the Brain and Spinal Injury Center in San Francisco. Image by Blake McHugh\u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There’s a subset of these individuals, at least 15 percent, that go on to have persistent problems,” said\u003ca href=\"http://neurosurgery.ucsf.edu/index.php/about_us_faculty_manley.html\"> Dr. Geoffrey Manley\u003c/a>, Chief of Neurosurgery at San Francisco General Hospital. “These aren’t simply having your bell rung, these are life-changing events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors often grade traumatic brain injuries according to whether they are considered “mild,” “moderate” or “severe.” Manley believes more precision is needed to better define, diagnose and treat these injuries, which can vary widely from patient to patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, he received funding from the National Institutes of Health to launch a pilot study that recruited 600 concussion patients from several national trauma centers, and tracked their progress for up to six months following their injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each of the patients had a CT scan, an imaging technique that Manley calls “the gold standard” of evaluating brain injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patients also had an MRI scan which detected the presence of micro-bleeds and bruising in the brain for nearly 30 percent of patients who otherwise had normal CT scans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74339\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_brain.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-74339\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_brain.jpg\" alt=\"An MRI scan reveals a micro-bleed in the brain of a concussion patient. Image courtesy of Blake McHugh for KQED Science\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_brain.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_brain-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_brain-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_brain-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_brain-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/Concussions_brain-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>An MRI scan with an arrow indicating a micro-bleed in the brain of a patient who suffered a concussion. Image by Blake McHugh \u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“These patients with these abnormalities on their MRI scan took much longer to recover and did worse at three months,” Manley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, he received additional NIH funding to expand \u003ca href=\"http://www.brainandspinalinjury.org/research.php?id=189\">the study \u003c/a>by recruiting 3,000 concussion patients across the United States. In addition to traditional MRI scans, the research team is also using an advanced MRI imaging technique that helps visualize structural damage to white matter fiber tracts that provide long-range communication between different parts of the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manley and his colleagues at UC San Francisco are looking for genetic differences in dopamine, a critical neurotransmitter in the brain, which may make some people particularly susceptible to longer recovery times following concussions. The research team has also identified a blood-based protein that appears to be released from the brain following a traumatic brain injury. The research may one day yield a blood test that could help diagnose a concussion if imaging techniques aren’t readily available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This way, we can develop a more personalized approach to the treatment, because there’s no one-size-fits-all for something as complicated as a brain injury,” Manley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A special thanks to Dr. Alexander Leemans for the kind use of his 3D tractography brain imagery and animations. This video story was originally produced and updated by Sheraz Sadiq. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/74336/sidelined-sports-concussions-2","authors":["6176"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_12","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_3527","quest_3578","quest_3593","quest_3351","quest_2349","quest_2893","quest_2988"],"featImg":"quest_81286","label":"source_quest_74336"},"quest_10174":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_10174","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"10174","score":null,"sort":[1288998000000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"vetsandvision","title":"VA Doctors Solve a Medical Mystery","publishDate":1288998000,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/va-doctors-solve-a-medical-mystery\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/jay.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Iraq vet Jay Wilkerson outside his home in Pleasanton, CA.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>On the evening of March 28, 2006, a convoy of Humvees was heading from Habbaniyah, Iraq, back to Baghdad. Staff Sergeant Jay Wilkerson says the mistake they made was to come back along the same route they'd come in on. Insurgents knew exactly where to plant a powerful roadside bomb. Wilkerson's Humvee took the hit. \"I remember everything just went black,\" he recalls. \"I was talking, and then all of a sudden, I heard the vehicle exploding. And I heard the people in the truck screaming, at the same time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilkerson was in a coma for 12 days. He'd severed two fingers and blown open the left side of his face. He couldn’t walk for months. Given the extent of his injuries, it's easy to see why doctors, and even Wilkerson himself, failed to realize that something else was wrong with him. It had to do with the way Jay Wilkerson sees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To demonstrate, Wilkerson holds up his left hand, as if he were taking an oath in a courtroom. \"If it’s right here, I couldn’t see it,\" he says. \"And that’s true today. If it’s right here I can’t see it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Audio Player\" skin=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip\" file=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2010/11/2010-11-08-quest.mp3\" ]\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/va-doctors-solve-a-medical-mystery\">VA Doctors Solve a Medical Mystery\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>This is what’s known as a hemianopsia. It’s a problem not of the eyes, but of the brain. In Jay’s case, his brain doesn’t recognize signals from either of his eyes’ left visual fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Often people don't realize they have the problem,\" says Greg Goodrich, a vision researcher at the VA Medical Center in Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2003, Goodrich and another doctor started noticing something surprising in the young vets they were treating. According to their charts, these men and women could see just fine. Goodrich says many of them had full 20/20 vision. And yet, he says, \"they had this huge hemianopsia. Half their visual world was gone. And the most common visual tests used didn’t catch it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/va-doctors-solve-a-medical-mystery\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/greg.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Gregory Goodrich, vision researcher at the VA Palo Alto Medical Center.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glenn Cockerham, chief of ophthalmology at the VA Palo Alto, says he and others took to calling these \"occult\" injuries, because of the way they seemed to escape detection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you just ask [these soldiers] how they’re doing,\" he says, \"they’ll say I’m doing fine. But if you ask specific questions, and you compare them to other people, they’re not doing so well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, many of the veterans were having problems concentrating. They bumped into things. Goodrich says another red flag was when a soldier would say he or she had lost interest in reading. If asked whether that had been the case before the war, the vets would often say that it had not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's striking, say the doctors, is that these symptoms -- difficulty concentrating, clumsiness, inability to read well -- are precisely the kinds of problems soldiers might attribute to PTSD, or other combat injuries. Many soldiers assume they are just a fact of life after war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Returning to civilian life, says Goodrich, is \"a tremendous psychological readjustment to go through. And sorting out symptoms that can be subtle, or that you don’t recognize, is a real challenge.\" Cockerham and Goodrich find that hemianopsias and other vision injuries are \u003ca href=\"http://www4.va.gov/OCA/testimony/hvac/soi/080402GG.asp\">far more common \u003c/a>than anyone had expected. Goodrich estimates that at least six thousand vets have suffered visual damage as a result of brain injury. \"Because some of these are very subtle,\" says Goodrich, \"we don’t catch them as often as we would like to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason that so many vision problems go undiagnosed is that soldiers often don't realize they've been injured at all. For example, just being \u003ci>near\u003c/i> an IED blast can, in some case, be \u003ca href=\"http://www4.va.gov/OCA/testimony/hvac/soi/080402GG.asp\">enough to sustain brain injury\u003c/a>, including vision problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Blasts have this huge pressure wave that comes from them,\" explains Goodrich, \"and the pressure wave does some rather unique things.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a human body, that sudden pressure wave is like a powerful punch to the chest and stomach. The impact moves throughout the body, including to the brain where it can stretch or tear actual brain tissue. Brain cells can start to die off. If this damage takes place in the visual parts of the brain, that can mean vision problems, including hemianopsias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowadays, far more of these problems are being diagnosed. That’s because Goodrich and Cockerham \u003ca href=\"http://ophthalmology.stanford.edu/resources/gcockerham_award.html\">have invented \u003c/a>a new, advanced vision test. It’s now part of the routine screening that veterans receive when they come to the hospital with major injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that means more vets \u003ca href=\"http://www.dovepress.com/scanning-training-in-neurological-vision-loss-case-studies-peer-reviewed-article-EB\">are getting treatment\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the day I visited the VA in Palo Alto, Iraq vet Chris Rader was being treated for a hemianopsia he sustained in a motorcycle accident, after he returned from the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he walked down a hallway at the VA, Rader methodically turned his head from left to right, as if watching a tennis match. He was looking for pink post-it notes, placed here and there by Rader’s vision therapist, John Kingston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learning how to scan a scene is one way that hemianopsia patients, like Rader, can learn to get around better. He’s also been outfitted with special prism glasses, which can help with reading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goodrich says that for many vets, what comes before treatment – the simple act of diagnosis -- is just as important. \"Part of my motivation is, I’m a Vietnam vet,\" he says, \"and for some of my comrades, diagnosing the problems that happened to them took 15 to 20 years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, he says, consider Agent Orange. It took 20 years for the VA to recognize the toll that chemical was continuing to take on Vietnam Vets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I came back from the war at a time when we didn’t have that same level of commitment. For me, applying that on a day to day basis is just vitally important to people that I respect tremendously. And that’s our troops and veterans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goodrich says the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars are an opportunity to get it right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>For more QUEST stories about the science of vision, check out:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/teaching-the-brain-to-see\">Teaching the Brain To See\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/journey-into-darkness\">Journey Into Darkness\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/tactile-maps\">Tactile Maps\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.403559 -122.141981\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"At the Veterans Affairs Hospital in Palo Alto, doctors have made a surprising discovery in many vets returning from Iraq and Afghanistan.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371075692,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1126},"headData":{"title":"VA Doctors Solve a Medical Mystery | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"VA Doctors Solve a Medical Mystery","datePublished":"2010-11-05T23:00:00.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T22:21:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"10174 http://science.kqed.org/quest/2010/11/05/vetsandvision/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/11/05/vetsandvision/","disqusTitle":"VA Doctors Solve a Medical Mystery","path":"/quest/10174/vetsandvision","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2010/11/2010-11-08-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/va-doctors-solve-a-medical-mystery\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/jay.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Iraq vet Jay Wilkerson outside his home in Pleasanton, CA.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>On the evening of March 28, 2006, a convoy of Humvees was heading from Habbaniyah, Iraq, back to Baghdad. Staff Sergeant Jay Wilkerson says the mistake they made was to come back along the same route they'd come in on. Insurgents knew exactly where to plant a powerful roadside bomb. Wilkerson's Humvee took the hit. \"I remember everything just went black,\" he recalls. \"I was talking, and then all of a sudden, I heard the vehicle exploding. And I heard the people in the truck screaming, at the same time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilkerson was in a coma for 12 days. He'd severed two fingers and blown open the left side of his face. He couldn’t walk for months. Given the extent of his injuries, it's easy to see why doctors, and even Wilkerson himself, failed to realize that something else was wrong with him. It had to do with the way Jay Wilkerson sees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To demonstrate, Wilkerson holds up his left hand, as if he were taking an oath in a courtroom. \"If it’s right here, I couldn’t see it,\" he says. \"And that’s true today. If it’s right here I can’t see it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Audio Player\" skin=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip\" file=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2010/11/2010-11-08-quest.mp3\" ]\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/va-doctors-solve-a-medical-mystery\">VA Doctors Solve a Medical Mystery\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>This is what’s known as a hemianopsia. It’s a problem not of the eyes, but of the brain. In Jay’s case, his brain doesn’t recognize signals from either of his eyes’ left visual fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Often people don't realize they have the problem,\" says Greg Goodrich, a vision researcher at the VA Medical Center in Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2003, Goodrich and another doctor started noticing something surprising in the young vets they were treating. According to their charts, these men and women could see just fine. Goodrich says many of them had full 20/20 vision. And yet, he says, \"they had this huge hemianopsia. Half their visual world was gone. And the most common visual tests used didn’t catch it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/va-doctors-solve-a-medical-mystery\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/greg.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Gregory Goodrich, vision researcher at the VA Palo Alto Medical Center.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glenn Cockerham, chief of ophthalmology at the VA Palo Alto, says he and others took to calling these \"occult\" injuries, because of the way they seemed to escape detection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you just ask [these soldiers] how they’re doing,\" he says, \"they’ll say I’m doing fine. But if you ask specific questions, and you compare them to other people, they’re not doing so well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, many of the veterans were having problems concentrating. They bumped into things. Goodrich says another red flag was when a soldier would say he or she had lost interest in reading. If asked whether that had been the case before the war, the vets would often say that it had not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's striking, say the doctors, is that these symptoms -- difficulty concentrating, clumsiness, inability to read well -- are precisely the kinds of problems soldiers might attribute to PTSD, or other combat injuries. Many soldiers assume they are just a fact of life after war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Returning to civilian life, says Goodrich, is \"a tremendous psychological readjustment to go through. And sorting out symptoms that can be subtle, or that you don’t recognize, is a real challenge.\" Cockerham and Goodrich find that hemianopsias and other vision injuries are \u003ca href=\"http://www4.va.gov/OCA/testimony/hvac/soi/080402GG.asp\">far more common \u003c/a>than anyone had expected. Goodrich estimates that at least six thousand vets have suffered visual damage as a result of brain injury. \"Because some of these are very subtle,\" says Goodrich, \"we don’t catch them as often as we would like to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason that so many vision problems go undiagnosed is that soldiers often don't realize they've been injured at all. For example, just being \u003ci>near\u003c/i> an IED blast can, in some case, be \u003ca href=\"http://www4.va.gov/OCA/testimony/hvac/soi/080402GG.asp\">enough to sustain brain injury\u003c/a>, including vision problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Blasts have this huge pressure wave that comes from them,\" explains Goodrich, \"and the pressure wave does some rather unique things.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a human body, that sudden pressure wave is like a powerful punch to the chest and stomach. The impact moves throughout the body, including to the brain where it can stretch or tear actual brain tissue. Brain cells can start to die off. If this damage takes place in the visual parts of the brain, that can mean vision problems, including hemianopsias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowadays, far more of these problems are being diagnosed. That’s because Goodrich and Cockerham \u003ca href=\"http://ophthalmology.stanford.edu/resources/gcockerham_award.html\">have invented \u003c/a>a new, advanced vision test. It’s now part of the routine screening that veterans receive when they come to the hospital with major injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that means more vets \u003ca href=\"http://www.dovepress.com/scanning-training-in-neurological-vision-loss-case-studies-peer-reviewed-article-EB\">are getting treatment\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the day I visited the VA in Palo Alto, Iraq vet Chris Rader was being treated for a hemianopsia he sustained in a motorcycle accident, after he returned from the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he walked down a hallway at the VA, Rader methodically turned his head from left to right, as if watching a tennis match. He was looking for pink post-it notes, placed here and there by Rader’s vision therapist, John Kingston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learning how to scan a scene is one way that hemianopsia patients, like Rader, can learn to get around better. He’s also been outfitted with special prism glasses, which can help with reading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goodrich says that for many vets, what comes before treatment – the simple act of diagnosis -- is just as important. \"Part of my motivation is, I’m a Vietnam vet,\" he says, \"and for some of my comrades, diagnosing the problems that happened to them took 15 to 20 years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, he says, consider Agent Orange. It took 20 years for the VA to recognize the toll that chemical was continuing to take on Vietnam Vets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I came back from the war at a time when we didn’t have that same level of commitment. For me, applying that on a day to day basis is just vitally important to people that I respect tremendously. And that’s our troops and veterans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goodrich says the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars are an opportunity to get it right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>For more QUEST stories about the science of vision, check out:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/teaching-the-brain-to-see\">Teaching the Brain To See\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/journey-into-darkness\">Journey Into Darkness\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/tactile-maps\">Tactile Maps\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.403559 -122.141981\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/10174/vetsandvision","authors":["210"],"categories":["quest_12"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_593","quest_1220","quest_1275","quest_1346","quest_1444","quest_1454","quest_1521","quest_1541","quest_2872","quest_2988","quest_3033","quest_3068","quest_3136"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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