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About \u003ca href=\"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15287394.2012.652054#.UydgD_SwLW5\" target=\"_blank\">10 percent of older cats have this condition\u003c/a>, called hyperthyroidism, which can cause weight loss, an unkempt appearance, and agitation. Unfortunately, it requires lifelong treatment, usually a daily medication\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiously, hyperthyroidism in cats was virtually unknown before 1979. Another curious fact is that homes where cats with hyperthyroidism live tend to contain dust with higher levels of a certain flame retardant than homes with healthy cats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coincidence? Not likely. The flame retardant, called PBDE, is often found in polyurethane foam, which gives structure and softness to upholstered furniture. When people sit down, PBDE poofs out and accumulates in house dust. When cats groom themselves, they ingest the dust and the PBDE, which is structurally similar to thyroid molecules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68419\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 224px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/endocrinesystem_MossGreene.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-68419 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/endocrinesystem_MossGreene-224x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"224\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The human endocrine system is a set of eight glands that produce and secrete hormones. Click to learn more about each function. Image courtesy Moss Greene & \u003ca href=\"http://commonsensehealth.com/endocrine-system-diagram-for-understanding-hormones/\">commonsensehealth.com\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Thyroid disorders are also on the rise in people. According to the American Cancer Society, diagnoses of thyroid cancer have doubled since 1990.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the problem is not just PBDE, and it’s not just thyroid disorders. We are exposed to hundreds of other synthetic chemicals every day that have the potential to interfere with the body’s endocrine system, which includes the thyroid. The endocrine system consists of glands and hormones that guide development, metabolism, puberty, and reproduction. The endocrine system is particularly crucial in utero and during infancy because it orchestrates the development of organs. A hormonal misfire during brain development can have lifelong effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are concerned about possible links between endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the rapid increase in conditions as varied as autism, ADHD, asthma, childhood leukemia, early puberty, autoimmune disorders, obesity, type-2 diabetes, infertility, and cancers of the thyroid, testes, prostate, and breast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a lot of diseases that have gone up in incidence with our increased use of [synthetic] chemicals since the 1950s,” said Heather Patisaul, an associate professor of biology at North Carolina State University. “That suggests there is an environmental component.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Linda Birnbaum, director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Science (NIEHS) and the National Toxicology Program, said, “What we’re looking for is not missing arms and legs or someone keels over and dies, but much more subtle kinds of effects which you might see over the course of a lifetime.” She added, “If you don’t look, you don’t find. Now that we’re starting to look, we’re starting to see associations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NIEHS is investing millions of dollars into research on the relationship between the endocrine system and chemicals such as flame retardants, pesticides, and BPA (often used in plastics, receipts, and can linings). We ingest these chemicals with our food and water or by putting our hands in our mouths; we also absorb them through our skin and lungs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68406\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 338px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/Couch_Mary-Hockenbery.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68406\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/Couch_Mary-Hockenbery-338x253.jpg\" alt=\"In children, two long-running studies link PBDE exposure in utero and childhood to decreased IQ, attention problems, and problems with fine-motor control. Photo courtesy Mary Hockenbery\" width=\"338\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In children, two long-running studies link PBDE exposure in utero and childhood to decreased IQ, attention problems, and problems with fine-motor control. Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/reddirtrose/\" target=\"_blank\">Mary Hockenbery\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of animal studies in recent years have provided experimental evidence linking endocrine disruptors and problems ranging from asthma to hyperactivity to cancer. \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jbt.21439/abstract;jsessionid=087CBBFCC0127AC621C1AE3A90D7708B.f01t01\" target=\"_blank\">Patisaul’s studies\u003c/a> on rats show an increase in anxiety, early puberty, and premature infertility with exposure to BPA at doses comparable to BPA exposure in average Americans. She and her colleagues also showed that rats exposed to the flame retardant Firemaster 550 were more likely to be anxious and obese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In children, two long-running studies link PBDE exposure in utero and childhood to decreased IQ, attention problems, and problems with fine-motor control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though PBDE was phased out between 2005 and 2013, its replacements may not be any safer. Under the \u003ca href=\"http://www2.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-toxic-substances-control-act\" target=\"_blank\">Toxic Substances Control Act,\u003c/a> manufacturers must notify the EPA when they bring a new chemical to market, but \u003ca href=\"http://saferchemicals.org/PDF/chemicals-and-our-health-july-2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">they are not required to provide safety data.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patisaul said, “I don’t think people realize the vast majority of chemicals in their world have never been tested for any type of toxicity at all, let alone endocrine disruption. That needs to change. If we can figure out which chemicals are the bad actors, pull them out, and redesign products that are less likely to cause problems, I think that’s a good goal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patisaul is on the scientific advisory board of an initiative called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tipedinfo.com\" target=\"_blank\">Tiered Protocol for Endocrine Disruption\u003c/a> (TiPED), established by Advancing Green Chemistry in collaboration with Environmental Health News. TIPED connects chemical designers with organizations and scientists who can test the chemicals under development for endocrine disruption via computer modeling, cell studies, and animal studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“I don’t think people realize the vast majority of chemicals in their world have never been tested for any type of toxicity,\" Heather Patisaul, an associate professor of biology at NCSU\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> Other scientists are designing safer ways to use toxic chemicals. At North Carolina State University, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391000001750\" target=\"_blank\">researchers are designing “cages”\u003c/a> made of rings of sugar molecules to prevent flame retardant molecules from escaping into the environment except at high temperatures. In tests, fabrics treated with the caged flame retardant were less flammable and used less flame retardant than fabrics treated the traditional way (washed in a bath of flame retardants, then cured in an oven).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another force for change is the power of the consumer. Patisaul cites BPA-free plastic bottles as an example. “Regulatory agencies didn’t do it, the government didn’t do it. It was the consumer demand for BPA-free products,” she said. “It’s the consumer that’s changing the game.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for cats, there’s not much we can do to stop them licking dust off their fur. But if we value our own health, we can learn from their experience. Birnbaum said, “Sometimes there’s strong evidence from wildlife or even domestic animals. . . . We should be listening to those signals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem style=\"font-size: 13px\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #ff9900\">Interested in testing your couch for flame retardants? Check out this easy and free test at: \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003ca style=\"font-size: 13px\" href=\"http://foam.pratt.duke.edu/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px\">http://foam.pratt.duke.edu/\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"How daily exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals affects people and pets.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442698298,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":1082},"headData":{"title":"Cats, Chemicals, and Consumer Power | KQED","description":"How daily exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals affects people and pets.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Cats, Chemicals, and Consumer Power","datePublished":"2014-03-27T14:00:17.000Z","dateModified":"2015-09-19T21:31:38.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"67161 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=67161","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/03/27/cats-chemicals-and-consumer-power/","disqusTitle":"Cats, Chemicals, and Consumer Power","source":"Health","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/health/","path":"/quest/67161/cats-chemicals-and-consumer-power","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you have an older cat, there’s a good chance it has high thyroid levels. About \u003ca href=\"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15287394.2012.652054#.UydgD_SwLW5\" target=\"_blank\">10 percent of older cats have this condition\u003c/a>, called hyperthyroidism, which can cause weight loss, an unkempt appearance, and agitation. Unfortunately, it requires lifelong treatment, usually a daily medication\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiously, hyperthyroidism in cats was virtually unknown before 1979. Another curious fact is that homes where cats with hyperthyroidism live tend to contain dust with higher levels of a certain flame retardant than homes with healthy cats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coincidence? Not likely. The flame retardant, called PBDE, is often found in polyurethane foam, which gives structure and softness to upholstered furniture. When people sit down, PBDE poofs out and accumulates in house dust. When cats groom themselves, they ingest the dust and the PBDE, which is structurally similar to thyroid molecules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68419\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 224px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/endocrinesystem_MossGreene.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-68419 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/endocrinesystem_MossGreene-224x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"224\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The human endocrine system is a set of eight glands that produce and secrete hormones. Click to learn more about each function. Image courtesy Moss Greene & \u003ca href=\"http://commonsensehealth.com/endocrine-system-diagram-for-understanding-hormones/\">commonsensehealth.com\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Thyroid disorders are also on the rise in people. According to the American Cancer Society, diagnoses of thyroid cancer have doubled since 1990.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the problem is not just PBDE, and it’s not just thyroid disorders. We are exposed to hundreds of other synthetic chemicals every day that have the potential to interfere with the body’s endocrine system, which includes the thyroid. The endocrine system consists of glands and hormones that guide development, metabolism, puberty, and reproduction. The endocrine system is particularly crucial in utero and during infancy because it orchestrates the development of organs. A hormonal misfire during brain development can have lifelong effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are concerned about possible links between endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the rapid increase in conditions as varied as autism, ADHD, asthma, childhood leukemia, early puberty, autoimmune disorders, obesity, type-2 diabetes, infertility, and cancers of the thyroid, testes, prostate, and breast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a lot of diseases that have gone up in incidence with our increased use of [synthetic] chemicals since the 1950s,” said Heather Patisaul, an associate professor of biology at North Carolina State University. “That suggests there is an environmental component.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Linda Birnbaum, director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Science (NIEHS) and the National Toxicology Program, said, “What we’re looking for is not missing arms and legs or someone keels over and dies, but much more subtle kinds of effects which you might see over the course of a lifetime.” She added, “If you don’t look, you don’t find. Now that we’re starting to look, we’re starting to see associations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NIEHS is investing millions of dollars into research on the relationship between the endocrine system and chemicals such as flame retardants, pesticides, and BPA (often used in plastics, receipts, and can linings). We ingest these chemicals with our food and water or by putting our hands in our mouths; we also absorb them through our skin and lungs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68406\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 338px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/Couch_Mary-Hockenbery.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68406\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/Couch_Mary-Hockenbery-338x253.jpg\" alt=\"In children, two long-running studies link PBDE exposure in utero and childhood to decreased IQ, attention problems, and problems with fine-motor control. Photo courtesy Mary Hockenbery\" width=\"338\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In children, two long-running studies link PBDE exposure in utero and childhood to decreased IQ, attention problems, and problems with fine-motor control. Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/reddirtrose/\" target=\"_blank\">Mary Hockenbery\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of animal studies in recent years have provided experimental evidence linking endocrine disruptors and problems ranging from asthma to hyperactivity to cancer. \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jbt.21439/abstract;jsessionid=087CBBFCC0127AC621C1AE3A90D7708B.f01t01\" target=\"_blank\">Patisaul’s studies\u003c/a> on rats show an increase in anxiety, early puberty, and premature infertility with exposure to BPA at doses comparable to BPA exposure in average Americans. She and her colleagues also showed that rats exposed to the flame retardant Firemaster 550 were more likely to be anxious and obese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In children, two long-running studies link PBDE exposure in utero and childhood to decreased IQ, attention problems, and problems with fine-motor control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though PBDE was phased out between 2005 and 2013, its replacements may not be any safer. Under the \u003ca href=\"http://www2.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-toxic-substances-control-act\" target=\"_blank\">Toxic Substances Control Act,\u003c/a> manufacturers must notify the EPA when they bring a new chemical to market, but \u003ca href=\"http://saferchemicals.org/PDF/chemicals-and-our-health-july-2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">they are not required to provide safety data.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patisaul said, “I don’t think people realize the vast majority of chemicals in their world have never been tested for any type of toxicity at all, let alone endocrine disruption. That needs to change. If we can figure out which chemicals are the bad actors, pull them out, and redesign products that are less likely to cause problems, I think that’s a good goal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patisaul is on the scientific advisory board of an initiative called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tipedinfo.com\" target=\"_blank\">Tiered Protocol for Endocrine Disruption\u003c/a> (TiPED), established by Advancing Green Chemistry in collaboration with Environmental Health News. TIPED connects chemical designers with organizations and scientists who can test the chemicals under development for endocrine disruption via computer modeling, cell studies, and animal studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“I don’t think people realize the vast majority of chemicals in their world have never been tested for any type of toxicity,\" Heather Patisaul, an associate professor of biology at NCSU\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> Other scientists are designing safer ways to use toxic chemicals. At North Carolina State University, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391000001750\" target=\"_blank\">researchers are designing “cages”\u003c/a> made of rings of sugar molecules to prevent flame retardant molecules from escaping into the environment except at high temperatures. In tests, fabrics treated with the caged flame retardant were less flammable and used less flame retardant than fabrics treated the traditional way (washed in a bath of flame retardants, then cured in an oven).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another force for change is the power of the consumer. Patisaul cites BPA-free plastic bottles as an example. “Regulatory agencies didn’t do it, the government didn’t do it. It was the consumer demand for BPA-free products,” she said. “It’s the consumer that’s changing the game.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for cats, there’s not much we can do to stop them licking dust off their fur. But if we value our own health, we can learn from their experience. Birnbaum said, “Sometimes there’s strong evidence from wildlife or even domestic animals. . . . We should be listening to those signals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem style=\"font-size: 13px\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #ff9900\">Interested in testing your couch for flame retardants? Check out this easy and free test at: \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003ca style=\"font-size: 13px\" href=\"http://foam.pratt.duke.edu/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px\">http://foam.pratt.duke.edu/\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/67161/cats-chemicals-and-consumer-power","authors":["10549"],"categories":["quest_5","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_12705","quest_13217","quest_510","quest_12703","quest_12702","quest_11139","quest_1009","quest_12269","quest_13201","quest_12704","quest_10964","quest_10427","quest_13365","quest_2964"],"featImg":"quest_68326","label":"source_quest_67161"},"quest_3375":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_3375","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"3375","score":null,"sort":[1254849246000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"producers-notes-mercury-in-san-francisco-bay","title":"Producer's Notes: Mercury in San Francisco Bay","publishDate":1254849246,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>There's nothing like producing a controversial story on some favorite food group to have a profound effect on one's appetite. I gave up chicken after doing a story on factory farms (I already didn't eat beef or pork or I would have eliminated those as well.) Now, fish, too, has fallen from grace. Ignorance was bliss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I've known for quite some time that some fish, especially tuna, were high in mercury. But discovering the extent of the problem, and that halibut and sea bass were also on the “do not eat too much of” list, was eye-opening for me. Now I count fish servings like some people count calories. Japanese cuisine, one of my favorites, has lost some of its glow, as well as its frequency in my dining-out plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of you have practical questions, as did I. How big a crimp does this have to put in my diet? How much is too much? How often is too often? Can I still enjoy that tuna sashimi and not worry about mercury overload?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because there wasn't time in the QUEST TV segment on mercury in the bay to include information on safe fish eating practices, below are the guidelines, along with web links, to help you get plenty of Omega 3s and still keep your mercury levels low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's what California's \u003ca href=\"http://oehha.ca.gov/fish/general/sfbaydelta.html\">Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment\u003c/a> says about eating fish from the San Francisco Bay and Delta Region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul class=\"links\">\n\u003cul class=\"links\">\n\u003cli>Women beyond childbearing age and men should eat no more than two meals per month of San Francisco Bay sport fish, including sturgeon and striped bass caught in the delta. (One meal for an adult is about eight ounces).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Women beyond childbearing age and men should not eat any striped bass over 35 inches.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Women of childbearing age, pregnant, nursing mothers, and children should not eat more than one meal of Bay fish per month. In addition, they should not eat any striped bass over 27 inches or any shark.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>This advisory does not apply to salmon, anchovies, herring, and smelt caught in the bay; other sport fish caught in the delta or ocean; or commercial fish.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Richmond Harbor Channel area: In addition to the above advice, no one should eat any croakers, surfperches, bullheads, gobies or shellfish taken within the Richmond Harbor Channel area because of high levels of chemicals detected there.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Here’s a summary of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/fish/advice/factsheet.html\">joint fish advisory\u003c/a> published by the FDA and EPA for women who are pregnant, breastfeeding or may become pregnant and for children. This is a general advisory not exclusive to any water body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul class=\"links\">\n\u003cul class=\"links\">\n\u003cli>Do not eat Shark, Swordfish, King Mackerel, or Tilefish because they contain high levels of mercury.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Eat up to 12 ounces (2 average meals) a week of a variety of fish and shellfish that are lower in mercury. Five of the most commonly eaten fish that are low in mercury are shrimp, canned light tuna, salmon, pollock, and catfish.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Another commonly eaten fish, albacore (\"white\") tuna has more mercury than canned light tuna. So, when choosing your two meals of fish and shellfish, eat only up to 6 ounces (one average meal) of albacore tuna per week.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Check local advisories about the safety of fish caught by family and friends in your local lakes, rivers, and coastal areas. If no advice is available, eat up to 6 ounces (one average meal) per week of fish you catch from local waters, but don't consume any other fish during that week.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Follow these same recommendations when feeding fish and shellfish to your young child, but serve smaller portions.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Also, check for local advisories for each water body in \u003ca href=\"http://oehha.ca.gov/fish/so_cal/index.html\">California\u003c/a> that has fish consumption guidelines. They vary by water body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And lastly, here’s some practical advice from Dr. Jane Hightower, the medical doctor who we feature in the mercury story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul class=\"links\">\n\u003cul class=\"links\">\n\u003cli>\u003cem>“If you’re genetically susceptible, it’s really important to know that if you are an autoimmune-prone patient, Lupus, MS, thyroiditis, these kinds of things, then you should not consume mercury on a regular basis or at all. … And then the cardiac patients. You know, mercury can cause a reaction in vessels that leads to inflammation. So you want to have your Omega 3 fatty acids, which is anti-inflammatory. And not have mercury which is pro-inflammatory…. If you want to avoid significant mercury and you just don’t know what the mercury content is in the fish, a rule of thumb is to eat the small fish. Not a piece of the fish. If it comes in a steak, you want to know how big the fish was that the steak came from. You want the whole fish to fit on your plate. Don’t buy a bigger plate. Get a smaller fish. With the exception of salmon. Salmon can have elevated mercury, but very rarely.”\u003c/em>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Good luck, good health, and and watch out for bones!\u003c/p>\n\u003c/ul>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Because there wasn't time in the QUEST TV segment on mercury in the bay to include information on safe fish eating practices, below are the guidelines, along with web links, to help you get plenty of Omega 3s and still keep your mercury levels low.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457742187,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":843},"headData":{"title":"Producer's Notes: Mercury in San Francisco Bay | KQED","description":"Because there wasn't time in the QUEST TV segment on mercury in the bay to include information on safe fish eating practices, below are the guidelines, along with web links, to help you get plenty of Omega 3s and still keep your mercury levels low.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Producer's Notes: Mercury in San Francisco Bay","datePublished":"2009-10-06T17:14:06.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-12T00:23:07.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"3375 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=3375","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/10/06/producers-notes-mercury-in-san-francisco-bay/","disqusTitle":"Producer's Notes: Mercury in San Francisco Bay","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpwQ5OFIZRQ","path":"/quest/3375/producers-notes-mercury-in-san-francisco-bay","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There's nothing like producing a controversial story on some favorite food group to have a profound effect on one's appetite. I gave up chicken after doing a story on factory farms (I already didn't eat beef or pork or I would have eliminated those as well.) Now, fish, too, has fallen from grace. Ignorance was bliss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I've known for quite some time that some fish, especially tuna, were high in mercury. But discovering the extent of the problem, and that halibut and sea bass were also on the “do not eat too much of” list, was eye-opening for me. Now I count fish servings like some people count calories. Japanese cuisine, one of my favorites, has lost some of its glow, as well as its frequency in my dining-out plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of you have practical questions, as did I. How big a crimp does this have to put in my diet? How much is too much? How often is too often? Can I still enjoy that tuna sashimi and not worry about mercury overload?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because there wasn't time in the QUEST TV segment on mercury in the bay to include information on safe fish eating practices, below are the guidelines, along with web links, to help you get plenty of Omega 3s and still keep your mercury levels low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's what California's \u003ca href=\"http://oehha.ca.gov/fish/general/sfbaydelta.html\">Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment\u003c/a> says about eating fish from the San Francisco Bay and Delta Region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul class=\"links\">\n\u003cul class=\"links\">\n\u003cli>Women beyond childbearing age and men should eat no more than two meals per month of San Francisco Bay sport fish, including sturgeon and striped bass caught in the delta. (One meal for an adult is about eight ounces).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Women beyond childbearing age and men should not eat any striped bass over 35 inches.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Women of childbearing age, pregnant, nursing mothers, and children should not eat more than one meal of Bay fish per month. In addition, they should not eat any striped bass over 27 inches or any shark.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>This advisory does not apply to salmon, anchovies, herring, and smelt caught in the bay; other sport fish caught in the delta or ocean; or commercial fish.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Richmond Harbor Channel area: In addition to the above advice, no one should eat any croakers, surfperches, bullheads, gobies or shellfish taken within the Richmond Harbor Channel area because of high levels of chemicals detected there.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Here’s a summary of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/fish/advice/factsheet.html\">joint fish advisory\u003c/a> published by the FDA and EPA for women who are pregnant, breastfeeding or may become pregnant and for children. This is a general advisory not exclusive to any water body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul class=\"links\">\n\u003cul class=\"links\">\n\u003cli>Do not eat Shark, Swordfish, King Mackerel, or Tilefish because they contain high levels of mercury.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Eat up to 12 ounces (2 average meals) a week of a variety of fish and shellfish that are lower in mercury. Five of the most commonly eaten fish that are low in mercury are shrimp, canned light tuna, salmon, pollock, and catfish.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Another commonly eaten fish, albacore (\"white\") tuna has more mercury than canned light tuna. So, when choosing your two meals of fish and shellfish, eat only up to 6 ounces (one average meal) of albacore tuna per week.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Check local advisories about the safety of fish caught by family and friends in your local lakes, rivers, and coastal areas. If no advice is available, eat up to 6 ounces (one average meal) per week of fish you catch from local waters, but don't consume any other fish during that week.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Follow these same recommendations when feeding fish and shellfish to your young child, but serve smaller portions.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Also, check for local advisories for each water body in \u003ca href=\"http://oehha.ca.gov/fish/so_cal/index.html\">California\u003c/a> that has fish consumption guidelines. They vary by water body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And lastly, here’s some practical advice from Dr. Jane Hightower, the medical doctor who we feature in the mercury story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul class=\"links\">\n\u003cul class=\"links\">\n\u003cli>\u003cem>“If you’re genetically susceptible, it’s really important to know that if you are an autoimmune-prone patient, Lupus, MS, thyroiditis, these kinds of things, then you should not consume mercury on a regular basis or at all. … And then the cardiac patients. You know, mercury can cause a reaction in vessels that leads to inflammation. So you want to have your Omega 3 fatty acids, which is anti-inflammatory. And not have mercury which is pro-inflammatory…. If you want to avoid significant mercury and you just don’t know what the mercury content is in the fish, a rule of thumb is to eat the small fish. Not a piece of the fish. If it comes in a steak, you want to know how big the fish was that the steak came from. You want the whole fish to fit on your plate. Don’t buy a bigger plate. Get a smaller fish. With the exception of salmon. Salmon can have elevated mercury, but very rarely.”\u003c/em>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Good luck, good health, and and watch out for bones!\u003c/p>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/3375/producers-notes-mercury-in-san-francisco-bay","authors":["10208"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_12","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_124","quest_1233","quest_1791","quest_1834","quest_2248","quest_2257","quest_13365","quest_2893","quest_2961","quest_2964"],"label":"quest"},"quest_696":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_696","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"696","score":null,"sort":[1215830151000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"reporters-notes-drugs-in-our-drinking-water","title":"Reporter's Notes: Drugs In Our Drinking Water","publishDate":1215830151,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/drugs-in-our-drinking-water\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/07/radio2-40_drugs_water3001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>It's tricky to talk about pharmaceuticals in the drinking water without risking two really unfortunate side effects: 1) Make people panic that their tap water is unsafe. 2) Send listeners running to Costco to buy pallet-loads of overpriced, highly packaged, and often dubiously-sourced bottled water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can never really say enough about \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacinst.org/topics/water_and_sustainability/bottled_water/bottled_water_and_energy.html\">everything that's wrong with bottled water \u003c/a>(which, by the way, adheres to lower safety standards than what comes out of your tap-– sorry, couldn’t resist!). But when it comes to drugs in the water, what strikes me as most interesting is what we know the least about: What do these tiny, tiny amounts of drugs mean to us humans?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"\u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus\">The dose makes the poison\u003c/a>\" is a mantra I hear constantly from public health experts (as well as my editors)– and it's worth considering. In other words: just because something exists does not mean it's affecting you. It's likely we're exposed to far more toxins in the act of, say, applying nail polish, or pumping a tank of gas, than we'll imbibe over a lifetime of drinking tap water. But it'll be interesting to watch this play out over the next decade or so, as scientists on all sides of the debate try and figure out what exactly effect our environment-– pharmaceuticals, nail polish, plastics, and countless other everyday substances-- is having on us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/drugs-in-our-drinking-water\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/drugs-in-our-drinking-water\">Listen to the Drugs In Our Drinking Water Radio report\u003c/a> online.\u003cbr>\n37.248999 -121.874981\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371080213,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":257},"headData":{"title":"Reporter's Notes: Drugs In Our Drinking Water | KQED","description":"It's tricky to talk about pharmaceuticals in the drinking water without risking two really unfortunate side effects: 1) Make people panic that their tap water is unsafe. 2) Send listeners running to Costco to buy pallet-loads of overpriced, highly packaged, and often dubiously-sourced bottled water. You can never really say enough about everything that's wrong","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Reporter's Notes: Drugs In Our Drinking Water","datePublished":"2008-07-12T02:35:51.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T23:36:53.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"696 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=696","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/07/11/reporters-notes-drugs-in-our-drinking-water/","disqusTitle":"Reporter's Notes: Drugs In Our Drinking Water","path":"/quest/696/reporters-notes-drugs-in-our-drinking-water","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/drugs-in-our-drinking-water\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/07/radio2-40_drugs_water3001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>It's tricky to talk about pharmaceuticals in the drinking water without risking two really unfortunate side effects: 1) Make people panic that their tap water is unsafe. 2) Send listeners running to Costco to buy pallet-loads of overpriced, highly packaged, and often dubiously-sourced bottled water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can never really say enough about \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacinst.org/topics/water_and_sustainability/bottled_water/bottled_water_and_energy.html\">everything that's wrong with bottled water \u003c/a>(which, by the way, adheres to lower safety standards than what comes out of your tap-– sorry, couldn’t resist!). But when it comes to drugs in the water, what strikes me as most interesting is what we know the least about: What do these tiny, tiny amounts of drugs mean to us humans?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"\u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus\">The dose makes the poison\u003c/a>\" is a mantra I hear constantly from public health experts (as well as my editors)– and it's worth considering. In other words: just because something exists does not mean it's affecting you. It's likely we're exposed to far more toxins in the act of, say, applying nail polish, or pumping a tank of gas, than we'll imbibe over a lifetime of drinking tap water. But it'll be interesting to watch this play out over the next decade or so, as scientists on all sides of the debate try and figure out what exactly effect our environment-– pharmaceuticals, nail polish, plastics, and countless other everyday substances-- is having on us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/drugs-in-our-drinking-water\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/drugs-in-our-drinking-water\">Listen to the Drugs In Our Drinking Water Radio report\u003c/a> online.\u003cbr>\n37.248999 -121.874981\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/696/reporters-notes-drugs-in-our-drinking-water","authors":["210"],"categories":["quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_883","quest_888","quest_1009","quest_13201","quest_1538","quest_3351","quest_1858","quest_2177","quest_2474","quest_2506","quest_2553","quest_2894","quest_2964","quest_3108"],"label":"quest"},"quest_94":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_94","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"94","score":null,"sort":[1177627925000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"relaxing-the-rules-on-toxic-reporting","title":"Relaxing the rules on toxic reporting","publishDate":1177627925,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/view/271\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/radio13_pollution300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>For the past two decades, U.S. factories that put toxic chemicals into the air and water had to report them, in detail, to the federal government and the public. The Bush Administration recently lowered those requirements by rewriting Environmental Protection Agency rules. That means, in California alone, as much as 6-hundred thousand pounds of toxic chemicals could go under-reported this year. David Gorn reporting for QUEST radio has more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/view/271\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>You may \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/view/271\">listen to the \"Relaxing the Rules on Toxic Reporting\" Radio report\u003c/a> online, as well as find additional links and resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366849686,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":96},"headData":{"title":"Relaxing the rules on toxic reporting | KQED","description":"For the past two decades, U.S. factories that put toxic chemicals into the air and water had to report them, in detail, to the federal government and the public. The Bush Administration recently lowered those requirements by rewriting Environmental Protection Agency rules. That means, in California alone, as much as 6-hundred thousand pounds of toxic","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Relaxing the rules on toxic reporting","datePublished":"2007-04-26T22:52:05.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-25T00:28:06.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"94 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2007/04/26/relaxing-the-rules-on-toxic-reporting/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2007/04/26/relaxing-the-rules-on-toxic-reporting/","disqusTitle":"Relaxing the rules on toxic reporting","path":"/quest/94/relaxing-the-rules-on-toxic-reporting","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/view/271\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/radio13_pollution300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>For the past two decades, U.S. factories that put toxic chemicals into the air and water had to report them, in detail, to the federal government and the public. The Bush Administration recently lowered those requirements by rewriting Environmental Protection Agency rules. That means, in California alone, as much as 6-hundred thousand pounds of toxic chemicals could go under-reported this year. David Gorn reporting for QUEST radio has more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/view/271\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>You may \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/view/271\">listen to the \"Relaxing the Rules on Toxic Reporting\" Radio report\u003c/a> online, as well as find additional links and resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/94/relaxing-the-rules-on-toxic-reporting","authors":["8656"],"categories":["quest_5","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_1009","quest_3351","quest_1586","quest_2257","quest_2349","quest_2530","quest_13365","quest_2964"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. 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As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. 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