Producer's Notes: Your Videos on QUEST - Joshua Cassidy
Producer's Notes: Science on the SPOT: Watching the Tides
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Should we change our preconceptions and start expecting them there?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rewind to my childhood, when my fascination with space, and in particular the planets and moons of the solar system, was only tantalized by the distant, fuzzy images collected by Earth-based telescopes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking through my small telescope, Jupiter's four Galilean moons were sparks of light, or at best, fuzzy disks showing blotches of light and dark and perhaps a little color taken \"close up\" by the Pioneer spacecraft. This left a lot to the imagination--which was actually part of the fascination. Who might have suspected, looking at the \u003ca title=\"Europa imaged by Pioneer 10\" href=\"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Pioneer_10_-_p102b.jpg/200px-Pioneer_10_-_p102b.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">blurry whitish fuzz-patch of Europa\u003c/a>, as seen by Pioneer, that there was an ocean hidden under the icy crust tens of miles deep and containing more liquid water than all of Earth's?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Galileo spacecraft eventually obtained images that alluded to the existence of \u003ca title=\"Europa's Ocean\" href=\"http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2011/12/europas-ocean-a-future-nasa-2020-mission-in-search-for-life.html\" target=\"_blank\">Europa's oceans\u003c/a>, scientists explained how heat generated through tidal flexing by Jupiter was the mechanism that kept the waters fluid. Voyager had already revealed that the \u003ca title=\"Io's volcanic activity\" href=\"http://www.solarviews.com/eng/iovolcano.htm\" target=\"_blank\">moon Io\u003c/a> experienced heating that powered its many active volcanoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now there is evidence for another big ocean out there, on Saturn's moon Titan. Titan? Did you hear me right? That outer solar system moon whose atmosphere is so cold that ice is as strong as steel and methane—the stuff that spews out of your gas stove—is in a liquid state? That Titan?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From what the \u003ca title=\"Titan's Ocean\" href=\"http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/newsreleases/newsrelease20120628/\" target=\"_blank\">Cassini spacecraft has reported to us\u003c/a>, the answer is very likely yes, buried deep under Titan's surface. You may ask, how has Cassini detected this hidden ocean's presence? Europa's ocean was inferred by the patterns of cracking in its icy crust, similar to cracks seen on Earth in floating sheets of sea ice. But Titan sports no cracks that we can see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You probably know something about the tides in Earth's oceans caused by the gravitational pull of the moon. (Oh, does it seem like I just completely changed the subject? Read on, I'm getting there.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effect of the moon \"stretching\" the ocean's waters raises two liquid bulges and as Earth's surface rotates into and out of these bulges, we experience the rising and falling of the tides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The moon actually raises Earth's waters by as much as two feet and in fact Earth's crust itself rises by nearly 20 inches! Earth is stretched oh-so-slightly into the shape of a football.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cassini spacecraft has measured similar tidal deformation in Titan's shape caused by the pull of Saturn's gravity. The extremely sensitive measurements were made during several close fly-bys of Titan over a five-year period. Based on the strength of Saturn's gravity, were Titan a more-or-less solid object, its tidal bulges shouldn't be a departure of more than about three feet. However, Cassini's measurements show a stretching on the order of 30 feet!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inference is that there is a liquid layer beneath Titan's crust--and since the composition of outer solar system objects is heavy on water ice, probably liquid water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly how far below the surface and how deep this ocean is we don't know yet, and while the crust above it is likely quite icy, what surface is to be found at the ocean's floor—icy or rocky--also is unknown. We're a bit fuzzy on those details right now, but it leaves a lot to the imagination.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Just when you thought it was safe to go back in the water, NASA finds another ocean for us to worry about -- this time on Saturn's moon, Titan. \r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1370998565,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":662},"headData":{"title":"Deep, Dark Waters of Titan | KQED","description":"Just when you thought it was safe to go back in the water, NASA finds another ocean for us to worry about -- this time on Saturn's moon, Titan. \r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Deep, Dark Waters of Titan","datePublished":"2012-07-13T15:00:40.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T00:56:05.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"40851 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=40851","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/13/deep-dark-waters-of-titan/","disqusTitle":"Deep, Dark Waters of Titan","path":"/quest/40851/deep-dark-waters-of-titan","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40852\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/13/deep-dark-waters-of-titan/titansocean/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40852\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-40852\" title=\"Crossection of Titan and its subsurface ocean\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/titansocean.jpg\" alt=\"Crossection of Titan and its subsurface ocean\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/titansocean.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/titansocean-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crossection of Titan and its subsurface ocean\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Just when you thought it was safe to go back in the water, NASA finds \u003cem>another \u003c/em>ocean for us to worry about, this time on Saturn's moon, Titan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Funny thing about oceans in the solar system, other than Earth's deep waters, they seem to be popping up where we least expect them: in the outer solar system. Should we change our preconceptions and start expecting them there?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rewind to my childhood, when my fascination with space, and in particular the planets and moons of the solar system, was only tantalized by the distant, fuzzy images collected by Earth-based telescopes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking through my small telescope, Jupiter's four Galilean moons were sparks of light, or at best, fuzzy disks showing blotches of light and dark and perhaps a little color taken \"close up\" by the Pioneer spacecraft. This left a lot to the imagination--which was actually part of the fascination. Who might have suspected, looking at the \u003ca title=\"Europa imaged by Pioneer 10\" href=\"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Pioneer_10_-_p102b.jpg/200px-Pioneer_10_-_p102b.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">blurry whitish fuzz-patch of Europa\u003c/a>, as seen by Pioneer, that there was an ocean hidden under the icy crust tens of miles deep and containing more liquid water than all of Earth's?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Galileo spacecraft eventually obtained images that alluded to the existence of \u003ca title=\"Europa's Ocean\" href=\"http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2011/12/europas-ocean-a-future-nasa-2020-mission-in-search-for-life.html\" target=\"_blank\">Europa's oceans\u003c/a>, scientists explained how heat generated through tidal flexing by Jupiter was the mechanism that kept the waters fluid. Voyager had already revealed that the \u003ca title=\"Io's volcanic activity\" href=\"http://www.solarviews.com/eng/iovolcano.htm\" target=\"_blank\">moon Io\u003c/a> experienced heating that powered its many active volcanoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now there is evidence for another big ocean out there, on Saturn's moon Titan. Titan? Did you hear me right? That outer solar system moon whose atmosphere is so cold that ice is as strong as steel and methane—the stuff that spews out of your gas stove—is in a liquid state? That Titan?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From what the \u003ca title=\"Titan's Ocean\" href=\"http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/newsreleases/newsrelease20120628/\" target=\"_blank\">Cassini spacecraft has reported to us\u003c/a>, the answer is very likely yes, buried deep under Titan's surface. You may ask, how has Cassini detected this hidden ocean's presence? Europa's ocean was inferred by the patterns of cracking in its icy crust, similar to cracks seen on Earth in floating sheets of sea ice. But Titan sports no cracks that we can see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You probably know something about the tides in Earth's oceans caused by the gravitational pull of the moon. (Oh, does it seem like I just completely changed the subject? Read on, I'm getting there.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effect of the moon \"stretching\" the ocean's waters raises two liquid bulges and as Earth's surface rotates into and out of these bulges, we experience the rising and falling of the tides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The moon actually raises Earth's waters by as much as two feet and in fact Earth's crust itself rises by nearly 20 inches! Earth is stretched oh-so-slightly into the shape of a football.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cassini spacecraft has measured similar tidal deformation in Titan's shape caused by the pull of Saturn's gravity. The extremely sensitive measurements were made during several close fly-bys of Titan over a five-year period. Based on the strength of Saturn's gravity, were Titan a more-or-less solid object, its tidal bulges shouldn't be a departure of more than about three feet. However, Cassini's measurements show a stretching on the order of 30 feet!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inference is that there is a liquid layer beneath Titan's crust--and since the composition of outer solar system objects is heavy on water ice, probably liquid water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly how far below the surface and how deep this ocean is we don't know yet, and while the crust above it is likely quite icy, what surface is to be found at the ocean's floor—icy or rocky--also is unknown. We're a bit fuzzy on those details right now, but it leaves a lot to the imagination.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/40851/deep-dark-waters-of-titan","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_13192","quest_505","quest_544","quest_1027","quest_1164","quest_1492","quest_1918","quest_2034","quest_13202","quest_2513","quest_2936","quest_2937","quest_2947","quest_11240"],"featImg":"quest_40852","label":"quest"},"quest_28190":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_28190","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"28190","score":null,"sort":[1323108484000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"tidepooling-trip-planner","title":"Tidepooling Trip Planner","publishDate":1323108484,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28193\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/seastar.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/seastar-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"seastar\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-28193\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">See sea stars in the intertidal during one of the upcoming super-low tides.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>QUEST blogger Andrew Alden’s recent post about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/01/bay-area-tides/\">Bay Area Tides\u003c/a> got me thinking about pulling on my rubber boots and heading out to the intertidal during an upcoming low tide. In the next few weeks, we’ll get some really low tides during daylight hours—a great opportunity to see the organisms that live on the narrow edge between the land and the ocean.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun. (See \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-watching-the-tides/\">Science on the Spot: Watching the Tides\u003c/a> for a nice, clear explanation.) The moon is a lot closer to the Earth than the sun is, so the moon’s influence on the tides is far greater than the sun’s. But sometimes, \u003ca href=\"http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_tides/tides06_variations.html\">the sun and the moon can join gravitational forces\u003c/a> and all that gravitational pull can create some really high (and really low) tides. Each year around January 2, Earth, in its elliptical orbit, is closest to the sun. Here, the sun’s gravitational pull on Earth (and Earth’s water) is strongest. The gravitational pull of the moon combines with the gravitational pull of the (relatively) nearby sun when the moon’s position is such that the Earth, sun, and moon are aligned in a straight line. This creates the highest high tides and the lowest low tides of the year. The exact dates vary each year, because it depends on where the moon is in its orbit. Usually we get these super high/super low sun-plus-moon tides, also called \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2011/01/18/king-tides-could-preview-sea-level-rise/\">King Tides\u003c/a>, in December and January. (When the earth is at the point in its orbit that is farthest from the sun, around July 2, and the moon is aligned just right, we also get super high and super low tides.) Super high tides can give us a preview of sea level rise and help us identify areas that are prone to submergence. And when the tide goes out, super low tides are a great opportunity to go tidepooling! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are quite a few great tidepooling spots in the Bay Area, including \u003ca href=\"http://fitzgeraldreserve.org/\">Fitzgerald Marine Reserve\u003c/a>, near Half Moon Bay. QUEST producer Joshua Cassidy made a fantastic \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/03/producers-notes-your-videos-on-quest-joshua-cassidy/\">short film\u003c/a> about intertidal life in the Reserve. \u003ca href=\"http://parks.ca.gov/?page_id=541\">Natural Bridges State Beach\u003c/a> in Santa Cruz is another great intertidal area. To see photos of some of its marine life, check out the QUEST Natural Bridges Tidepools Exploration (and see a fun audio slide show I made while I was an intern at QUEST). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My personal favorite place for tidepooling is \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/pore/planyourvisit/directions_inpark_highwayone.htm\">Duxbury Reef\u003c/a>, which is part of Point Reyes National Seashore and is close to Bolinas Lagoon. It has a really flat, rocky bench, and at low tide you can walk way out. Check out the \u003ca href=\"http://eol.org/pages/481567/overview\">turban snails\u003c/a> (there seem to be zillions at this site), and the different species of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sonoma.edu/users/c/cannon/marinealgae.html\">seaweed\u003c/a> (my favorite intertidal inhabitants). If you’re into identifying things and learning about intertidal ecology, there are a lot of great books out there: \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Seashore-Life-Northern-Pacific-Coast/dp/0295960841/ref=sr_1_fkmr1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1323067674&sr=1-1-fkmr1\">Seashore Life of the Northern Pacific Coast\u003c/a> has nice color pictures, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Between-Pacific-Tides-Edward-Ricketts/dp/0804720681/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1323067749&sr=1-1\">Between Pacific Tides\u003c/a> is a classic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wear rubber boots with a rugged sole (that seaweed is slippery) and maybe bring a magnifying glass or hand lens. Keep your wits about you, and look up and look around often so the tide doesn’t sneak in on you. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To choose a good day to go tidepooling, you need to look at a tide table, which lists the predicted times and tidal heights of all the high and low tides throughout the year. You can often get a tide table for your area at a local surf shop or bait shop. Or, check out \u003ca href=\"http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/tide_predictions.shtml\">NOAA’s Tide Predictions\u003c/a>, which has tide tables for tidal stations throughout the country. (Tidal stations are places where the height of the water is measured regularly—often along with weather data. San Francisco’s tidal station is the oldest continuously operating tidal station in the western hemisphere, a fun fact I learned in the Watching the Tides video!) Find the tidal station closest to your tidepooling spot on NOAA’s \u003ca href=\"http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/gmap3/index.shtml?type=TidePredictions®ion=\">map\u003c/a>. My favorite, Duxbury Reef, is closest to the Bolinas Lagoon station. From the \u003ca href=\"http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/noaatidepredictions/viewDailyPredictions.jsp?Stationid=9414958\">Bolinas Lagoon Station’s tide predictions page\u003c/a>, download the station’s tide table—click on the Published Tide Tables Formats on the top right. Look for dates with a nice, low tide—something below 1.0 feet is generally pretty good, depending on the site. To time your visit, it is helpful to look at graph of the predicted height of the tide throughout the day. You can generate a graph for any day this year. In Northern California, wintertime low tides occur in the evening; find out what time the sun sets and plan to finish your intertidal excursion before it gets dark. We have some great low tides coming up on December 9, 23, 24, and 25—with heights at -0.9 feet—so ask for rubber boots for Christmas!\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"QUEST blogger Andrew Alden’s recent post about Bay Area Tides got me thinking about pulling on my rubber boots and heading out to the intertidal during an upcoming low tide. In the next few weeks, we’ll get some really low tides during daylight hours—a great opportunity to see the organisms that live on the narrow edge between the land and the ocean.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443825514,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":859},"headData":{"title":"Tidepooling Trip Planner | KQED","description":"QUEST blogger Andrew Alden’s recent post about Bay Area Tides got me thinking about pulling on my rubber boots and heading out to the intertidal during an upcoming low tide. In the next few weeks, we’ll get some really low tides during daylight hours—a great opportunity to see the organisms that live on the narrow edge between the land and the ocean.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Tidepooling Trip Planner","datePublished":"2011-12-05T18:08:04.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-02T22:38:34.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"28190 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=28190","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/05/tidepooling-trip-planner/","disqusTitle":"Tidepooling Trip Planner","path":"/quest/28190/tidepooling-trip-planner","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28193\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/seastar.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/seastar-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"seastar\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-28193\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">See sea stars in the intertidal during one of the upcoming super-low tides.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>QUEST blogger Andrew Alden’s recent post about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/01/bay-area-tides/\">Bay Area Tides\u003c/a> got me thinking about pulling on my rubber boots and heading out to the intertidal during an upcoming low tide. In the next few weeks, we’ll get some really low tides during daylight hours—a great opportunity to see the organisms that live on the narrow edge between the land and the ocean.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun. (See \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-watching-the-tides/\">Science on the Spot: Watching the Tides\u003c/a> for a nice, clear explanation.) The moon is a lot closer to the Earth than the sun is, so the moon’s influence on the tides is far greater than the sun’s. But sometimes, \u003ca href=\"http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_tides/tides06_variations.html\">the sun and the moon can join gravitational forces\u003c/a> and all that gravitational pull can create some really high (and really low) tides. Each year around January 2, Earth, in its elliptical orbit, is closest to the sun. Here, the sun’s gravitational pull on Earth (and Earth’s water) is strongest. The gravitational pull of the moon combines with the gravitational pull of the (relatively) nearby sun when the moon’s position is such that the Earth, sun, and moon are aligned in a straight line. This creates the highest high tides and the lowest low tides of the year. The exact dates vary each year, because it depends on where the moon is in its orbit. Usually we get these super high/super low sun-plus-moon tides, also called \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2011/01/18/king-tides-could-preview-sea-level-rise/\">King Tides\u003c/a>, in December and January. (When the earth is at the point in its orbit that is farthest from the sun, around July 2, and the moon is aligned just right, we also get super high and super low tides.) Super high tides can give us a preview of sea level rise and help us identify areas that are prone to submergence. And when the tide goes out, super low tides are a great opportunity to go tidepooling! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are quite a few great tidepooling spots in the Bay Area, including \u003ca href=\"http://fitzgeraldreserve.org/\">Fitzgerald Marine Reserve\u003c/a>, near Half Moon Bay. QUEST producer Joshua Cassidy made a fantastic \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/03/producers-notes-your-videos-on-quest-joshua-cassidy/\">short film\u003c/a> about intertidal life in the Reserve. \u003ca href=\"http://parks.ca.gov/?page_id=541\">Natural Bridges State Beach\u003c/a> in Santa Cruz is another great intertidal area. To see photos of some of its marine life, check out the QUEST Natural Bridges Tidepools Exploration (and see a fun audio slide show I made while I was an intern at QUEST). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My personal favorite place for tidepooling is \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/pore/planyourvisit/directions_inpark_highwayone.htm\">Duxbury Reef\u003c/a>, which is part of Point Reyes National Seashore and is close to Bolinas Lagoon. It has a really flat, rocky bench, and at low tide you can walk way out. Check out the \u003ca href=\"http://eol.org/pages/481567/overview\">turban snails\u003c/a> (there seem to be zillions at this site), and the different species of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sonoma.edu/users/c/cannon/marinealgae.html\">seaweed\u003c/a> (my favorite intertidal inhabitants). If you’re into identifying things and learning about intertidal ecology, there are a lot of great books out there: \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Seashore-Life-Northern-Pacific-Coast/dp/0295960841/ref=sr_1_fkmr1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1323067674&sr=1-1-fkmr1\">Seashore Life of the Northern Pacific Coast\u003c/a> has nice color pictures, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Between-Pacific-Tides-Edward-Ricketts/dp/0804720681/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1323067749&sr=1-1\">Between Pacific Tides\u003c/a> is a classic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wear rubber boots with a rugged sole (that seaweed is slippery) and maybe bring a magnifying glass or hand lens. Keep your wits about you, and look up and look around often so the tide doesn’t sneak in on you. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To choose a good day to go tidepooling, you need to look at a tide table, which lists the predicted times and tidal heights of all the high and low tides throughout the year. You can often get a tide table for your area at a local surf shop or bait shop. Or, check out \u003ca href=\"http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/tide_predictions.shtml\">NOAA’s Tide Predictions\u003c/a>, which has tide tables for tidal stations throughout the country. (Tidal stations are places where the height of the water is measured regularly—often along with weather data. San Francisco’s tidal station is the oldest continuously operating tidal station in the western hemisphere, a fun fact I learned in the Watching the Tides video!) Find the tidal station closest to your tidepooling spot on NOAA’s \u003ca href=\"http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/gmap3/index.shtml?type=TidePredictions®ion=\">map\u003c/a>. My favorite, Duxbury Reef, is closest to the Bolinas Lagoon station. From the \u003ca href=\"http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/noaatidepredictions/viewDailyPredictions.jsp?Stationid=9414958\">Bolinas Lagoon Station’s tide predictions page\u003c/a>, download the station’s tide table—click on the Published Tide Tables Formats on the top right. Look for dates with a nice, low tide—something below 1.0 feet is generally pretty good, depending on the site. To time your visit, it is helpful to look at graph of the predicted height of the tide throughout the day. You can generate a graph for any day this year. In Northern California, wintertime low tides occur in the evening; find out what time the sun sets and plan to finish your intertidal excursion before it gets dark. We have some great low tides coming up on December 9, 23, 24, and 25—with heights at -0.9 feet—so ask for rubber boots for Christmas!\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/28190/tidepooling-trip-planner","authors":["10200"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_10525","quest_1104","quest_10232","quest_1485","quest_1870","quest_3411","quest_2246","quest_13","quest_2937","quest_2940"],"featImg":"quest_28193","label":"quest"},"quest_27996":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_27996","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"27996","score":null,"sort":[1322771083000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"bay-area-tides","title":"Bay Area Tides","publishDate":1322771083,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27997\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/01/bay-area-tides/tidestop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-27997\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/tidestop.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"tidestop\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-27997\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/tidestop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/tidestop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Golden Gate transmits a vast volume of water back and forth from the Bay twice each day, regular as clockwork but in a much more complex rhythm. Photo by Andrew Alden.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These days, most people in the San Francisco Bay Area arrange their daily lives around the clock. But in former times it was the sun, moon and tides that governed the rhythm of our days. Nowadays the sun and moon attract notice only on the rare occasions when they have eclipses. But the tides still matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The twice-daily ebb and flow of the tides is not just a factor for ships navigating the San Francisco Bay shallows, although that is important. The tides are how the Bay breathes. The Bay's windpipe is the Golden Gate, a deep channel that enables seawater to spread nutrients and oxygenation to its lungs—\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/science-hike/don-edwards-sf-bay-national-wildlife-refuge-exploration/\">wetlands\u003c/a> as far away as the Central Valley. In turn, sediment from nearly half of California's surface area is exhaled to the Pacific where it piles up in a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/14/sand-waves-and-the-golden-gate/\">great furrowed berm\u003c/a> just off the Golden Gate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tides arise from the interactions of the sun and moon with our planet; they are where the heavens most truly move the Earth. While mariners always had a good sense of the patterns of the tides, it took science to make them predictable. When Isaac Newton first grasped that the motions of heaven and Earth fit the same mathematical laws, in the mid-1600s, he saw that one very practical application would be in precisely describing—in modern terms, modeling—the tides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newton's tantalizing task is considered fairly well solved today, but it has taken centuries to arrive at this point. (\u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tide\">Wikipedia has a good introduction.\u003c/a>) Today Bay Area tides are monitored and forecasted by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; NOAA's \u003ca href=\"http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/\">Tides and Currents\u003c/a> website will serve you official tide data for many stations (like \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/12/10/producers-notes-science-on-the-spot-watching-the-tides/\">San Francisco's station\u003c/a> at Crissy Field).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even the most exacting mathematics gives us only a partial picture. Weather and climate both matter, too. As weather fronts and storms and winds impinge on the Bay's water, they can change the tides by as much as two feet. Semi-annual climatic cycles like El Niños add their slower influence. And sea-level rise adds its inexorable direction over the scale of a lifetime. For the best view of the day's exact coastal conditions, I look to surfers and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.surf-forecast.com/\">surf-forecast.com\u003c/a> site. The tide is important for beach geologizers, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other big influence on the tides in any given place is bathymetry—underwater topography. Mathematical modelers can treat the different parts of the Bay as giant bathtubs, each sloshing back and forth in its own rhythm and spilling into its neighbors, but that analytical approach has limits. For serious analysis of things like stormwater surges, major shoreline construction and channel dredging, the old-fashioned scale model—the Army Corps of Engineers' \u003ca href=\"http://www.spn.usace.army.mil/bmvc/index.html\">Bay Model in Sausalito\u003c/a>—still matters.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/01/bay-area-tides/tidesmodel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-27998\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/tidesmodel.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"tidesmodel\" width=\"600\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-27998\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/tidesmodel.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/tidesmodel-400x240.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a painstakingly calibrated replica, one-thousandth true size or about one and a half acres, whose pumps and sumps produce realistic versions of the Bay's complicated breathing. (Unfortunately it's being renovated as I write this, but the Visitor Center is still open to help you learn about the Bay in other ways.)\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The daily tides are the Bay's way of breathing, from its windpipe at the Golden Gate to its lungs, the wetlands from the Delta to the coast.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1325108358,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":566},"headData":{"title":"Bay Area Tides | KQED","description":"The daily tides are the Bay's way of breathing, from its windpipe at the Golden Gate to its lungs, the wetlands from the Delta to the coast.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Bay Area Tides","datePublished":"2011-12-01T20:24:43.000Z","dateModified":"2011-12-28T21:39:18.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"27996 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=27996","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/01/bay-area-tides/","disqusTitle":"Bay Area Tides","path":"/quest/27996/bay-area-tides","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27997\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/01/bay-area-tides/tidestop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-27997\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/tidestop.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"tidestop\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-27997\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/tidestop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/tidestop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Golden Gate transmits a vast volume of water back and forth from the Bay twice each day, regular as clockwork but in a much more complex rhythm. Photo by Andrew Alden.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These days, most people in the San Francisco Bay Area arrange their daily lives around the clock. But in former times it was the sun, moon and tides that governed the rhythm of our days. Nowadays the sun and moon attract notice only on the rare occasions when they have eclipses. But the tides still matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The twice-daily ebb and flow of the tides is not just a factor for ships navigating the San Francisco Bay shallows, although that is important. The tides are how the Bay breathes. The Bay's windpipe is the Golden Gate, a deep channel that enables seawater to spread nutrients and oxygenation to its lungs—\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/science-hike/don-edwards-sf-bay-national-wildlife-refuge-exploration/\">wetlands\u003c/a> as far away as the Central Valley. In turn, sediment from nearly half of California's surface area is exhaled to the Pacific where it piles up in a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/14/sand-waves-and-the-golden-gate/\">great furrowed berm\u003c/a> just off the Golden Gate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tides arise from the interactions of the sun and moon with our planet; they are where the heavens most truly move the Earth. While mariners always had a good sense of the patterns of the tides, it took science to make them predictable. When Isaac Newton first grasped that the motions of heaven and Earth fit the same mathematical laws, in the mid-1600s, he saw that one very practical application would be in precisely describing—in modern terms, modeling—the tides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newton's tantalizing task is considered fairly well solved today, but it has taken centuries to arrive at this point. (\u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tide\">Wikipedia has a good introduction.\u003c/a>) Today Bay Area tides are monitored and forecasted by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; NOAA's \u003ca href=\"http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/\">Tides and Currents\u003c/a> website will serve you official tide data for many stations (like \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/12/10/producers-notes-science-on-the-spot-watching-the-tides/\">San Francisco's station\u003c/a> at Crissy Field).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even the most exacting mathematics gives us only a partial picture. Weather and climate both matter, too. As weather fronts and storms and winds impinge on the Bay's water, they can change the tides by as much as two feet. Semi-annual climatic cycles like El Niños add their slower influence. And sea-level rise adds its inexorable direction over the scale of a lifetime. For the best view of the day's exact coastal conditions, I look to surfers and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.surf-forecast.com/\">surf-forecast.com\u003c/a> site. The tide is important for beach geologizers, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other big influence on the tides in any given place is bathymetry—underwater topography. Mathematical modelers can treat the different parts of the Bay as giant bathtubs, each sloshing back and forth in its own rhythm and spilling into its neighbors, but that analytical approach has limits. For serious analysis of things like stormwater surges, major shoreline construction and channel dredging, the old-fashioned scale model—the Army Corps of Engineers' \u003ca href=\"http://www.spn.usace.army.mil/bmvc/index.html\">Bay Model in Sausalito\u003c/a>—still matters.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/01/bay-area-tides/tidesmodel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-27998\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/tidesmodel.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"tidesmodel\" width=\"600\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-27998\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/tidesmodel.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/tidesmodel-400x240.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a painstakingly calibrated replica, one-thousandth true size or about one and a half acres, whose pumps and sumps produce realistic versions of the Bay's complicated breathing. (Unfortunately it's being renovated as I write this, but the Visitor Center is still open to help you learn about the Bay in other ways.)\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/27996/bay-area-tides","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_10522","quest_10523","quest_2001","quest_13202","quest_2487","quest_10131","quest_2937","quest_2938"],"featImg":"quest_27997","label":"quest"},"quest_14222":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_14222","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"14222","score":null,"sort":[1304449238000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"producers-notes-your-videos-on-quest-joshua-cassidy","title":"Producer's Notes: Your Videos on QUEST - Joshua Cassidy","publishDate":1304449238,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Drive about thirty minutes south from San Francisco along Highway 1 and you will come to the town of Moss Beach. When you get there, look for a small sign on the right that says \"Marine Life Refuge\". At the end of the road you will find \u003ca href=\"http://fitzgeraldreserve.org/\">Fitzgerald Marine Reserve\u003c/a>, a place where you can leave city life behind and experience an ephemeral world that is only available to humans when the gravitational pull of the moon and sun create a low tide. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I first ventured out onto the rocky algae covered reef of the FMR in 2004. At the time, I had made a life changing decision to give up a career in biology and venture into the \u003ca href=\"http://www.joshuacassidy.com/JoshuaCassidy.com/Home.html\">field of natural history filmmaking\u003c/a>. Excluding the countless hours I had spent watching nature shows on TV, I had no formal film production training. What I did have was a new video camera, a wool cap, and a child-like fascination with exploring nature. Over the next year, I spent every available daylight low tide at the reserve figuring out how to capture the feeling of coming face-to-face with a hermit crab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Filming in a marine environment presents a host of special challenges. Electronics and saltwater are not friends, but I had decided to make a film entirely within one foot above and below the water line. To do so I would have to get creative. For the majority of the underwater shots, I used a homemade aquascope made out of a black plastic tube that I cut to fit on the end of my camera’s lens. I glued a piece of clear \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly(methyl_methacrylate)\">Plexiglas \u003c/a>on the other end, which allowed me to film in inches of water without the glare produced by the sun reflecting off the surface. Later I stepped up to a \"splash bag\", which is basically a glorified Ziploc bag with a clear lens on one end. The splash bag seals the camera inside and has the added advantage of protecting the camera when you slip on a spot of slick algae and slide down some jagged rocks into the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second most useful piece of equipment I acquired for the film was a close-up filter, which is basically a magnifying glass that screws onto the lens. This allowed me to get the detailed shots of the tide pool inhabitants. I like the idea of filming animals from their own perspective, which in this case meant sitting or lying on the rocks to get the camera at the same level as the subject. This sounds easy enough, but when sitting on cold wet rocks, it doesn’t take long before the shivers start to make your hands (and thus your camera) shake. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the concerns with filming very small creatures on the rocky shore is the potential to forget where you are and have the tide sneak back in, trapping you far out on a rock. More dangerous is the potential of a rogue wave coming without warning and sweeping an unaware visitor out to sea. This leads to the adage \"Don’t turn your back to the sea.\" Keep that in mind when you make your own trip to Fitzgerald Marine Reserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The animals that live in the intertidal zone have adapted well to the demanding lifestyle of competing for space and resources in a rugged and fluctuating environment that is relentlessly pounded by the Pacific surf and surge. What they have not adapted to is having people step on them. When I am out on the rocks filming or introducing a friend to the reserve I always abide by the rules for tide pool etiquette: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tNo collecting! The reserve was formed to protect the intertidal inhabitants and even a short time in your pail will be detrimental to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tWatch where you step and be careful with the intertidal creatures. Don’t love the tide pools to death by inadvertently stepping on their residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tKeep your distance from the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbor_seal\">Harbor seals\u003c/a> that haul out on the rocks to rest or sun themselves. It is illegal to harass the seals no matter how cute they are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tDress the part. Wear layers, a hat, and some old tennis shoes. The rocks and barnacles are too sharp to comfortably walk barefoot. I find surfing booties to be ideal on the slick rocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tKeep an eye on the waves so you don’t have to take an unplanned swim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tHave fun. Bring the family, friends, and anyone else who might be suffering from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/nature-deficit-disorder\">Nature Deficit Disorder\u003c/a>. We have the power to protect what we love, and we only love that which we know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lastly, if you venture out to the pools but you don’t immediately see any wildlife don’t just move on. Many of the creatures are shy and skittish, and will hide at first sign of your footsteps and shadows. Just relax and wait for a couple minutes. You will soon see that the pools are teaming with a dazzling quantity of colorful snails, sculpins, anemones, and hermit crabs. \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Fitzgerald Marine Reserve is a place where you can leave city life behind and experience an ephemeral world that is only available to humans when the gravitational pull of the moon and sun create a low tide.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457656132,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":863},"headData":{"title":"Producer's Notes: Your Videos on QUEST - Joshua Cassidy | KQED","description":"Fitzgerald Marine Reserve is a place where you can leave city life behind and experience an ephemeral world that is only available to humans when the gravitational pull of the moon and sun create a low tide.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Producer's Notes: Your Videos on QUEST - Joshua Cassidy","datePublished":"2011-05-03T19:00:38.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-11T00:28:52.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"14222 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2011/05/03/producers-notes-your-videos-on-quest-joshua-cassidy/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/03/producers-notes-your-videos-on-quest-joshua-cassidy/","disqusTitle":"Producer's Notes: Your Videos on QUEST - Joshua Cassidy","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YUT8XUjXtmY","path":"/quest/14222/producers-notes-your-videos-on-quest-joshua-cassidy","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Drive about thirty minutes south from San Francisco along Highway 1 and you will come to the town of Moss Beach. When you get there, look for a small sign on the right that says \"Marine Life Refuge\". At the end of the road you will find \u003ca href=\"http://fitzgeraldreserve.org/\">Fitzgerald Marine Reserve\u003c/a>, a place where you can leave city life behind and experience an ephemeral world that is only available to humans when the gravitational pull of the moon and sun create a low tide. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I first ventured out onto the rocky algae covered reef of the FMR in 2004. At the time, I had made a life changing decision to give up a career in biology and venture into the \u003ca href=\"http://www.joshuacassidy.com/JoshuaCassidy.com/Home.html\">field of natural history filmmaking\u003c/a>. Excluding the countless hours I had spent watching nature shows on TV, I had no formal film production training. What I did have was a new video camera, a wool cap, and a child-like fascination with exploring nature. Over the next year, I spent every available daylight low tide at the reserve figuring out how to capture the feeling of coming face-to-face with a hermit crab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Filming in a marine environment presents a host of special challenges. Electronics and saltwater are not friends, but I had decided to make a film entirely within one foot above and below the water line. To do so I would have to get creative. For the majority of the underwater shots, I used a homemade aquascope made out of a black plastic tube that I cut to fit on the end of my camera’s lens. I glued a piece of clear \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly(methyl_methacrylate)\">Plexiglas \u003c/a>on the other end, which allowed me to film in inches of water without the glare produced by the sun reflecting off the surface. Later I stepped up to a \"splash bag\", which is basically a glorified Ziploc bag with a clear lens on one end. The splash bag seals the camera inside and has the added advantage of protecting the camera when you slip on a spot of slick algae and slide down some jagged rocks into the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second most useful piece of equipment I acquired for the film was a close-up filter, which is basically a magnifying glass that screws onto the lens. This allowed me to get the detailed shots of the tide pool inhabitants. I like the idea of filming animals from their own perspective, which in this case meant sitting or lying on the rocks to get the camera at the same level as the subject. This sounds easy enough, but when sitting on cold wet rocks, it doesn’t take long before the shivers start to make your hands (and thus your camera) shake. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the concerns with filming very small creatures on the rocky shore is the potential to forget where you are and have the tide sneak back in, trapping you far out on a rock. More dangerous is the potential of a rogue wave coming without warning and sweeping an unaware visitor out to sea. This leads to the adage \"Don’t turn your back to the sea.\" Keep that in mind when you make your own trip to Fitzgerald Marine Reserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The animals that live in the intertidal zone have adapted well to the demanding lifestyle of competing for space and resources in a rugged and fluctuating environment that is relentlessly pounded by the Pacific surf and surge. What they have not adapted to is having people step on them. When I am out on the rocks filming or introducing a friend to the reserve I always abide by the rules for tide pool etiquette: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tNo collecting! The reserve was formed to protect the intertidal inhabitants and even a short time in your pail will be detrimental to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tWatch where you step and be careful with the intertidal creatures. Don’t love the tide pools to death by inadvertently stepping on their residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tKeep your distance from the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbor_seal\">Harbor seals\u003c/a> that haul out on the rocks to rest or sun themselves. It is illegal to harass the seals no matter how cute they are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tDress the part. Wear layers, a hat, and some old tennis shoes. The rocks and barnacles are too sharp to comfortably walk barefoot. I find surfing booties to be ideal on the slick rocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tKeep an eye on the waves so you don’t have to take an unplanned swim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tHave fun. Bring the family, friends, and anyone else who might be suffering from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/nature-deficit-disorder\">Nature Deficit Disorder\u003c/a>. We have the power to protect what we love, and we only love that which we know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lastly, if you venture out to the pools but you don’t immediately see any wildlife don’t just move on. Many of the creatures are shy and skittish, and will hide at first sign of your footsteps and shadows. Just relax and wait for a couple minutes. You will soon see that the pools are teaming with a dazzling quantity of colorful snails, sculpins, anemones, and hermit crabs. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/14222/producers-notes-your-videos-on-quest-joshua-cassidy","authors":["6219"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_294","quest_718","quest_3576","quest_1656","quest_1739","quest_3666","quest_3387","quest_3767","quest_2893","quest_2937","quest_3813"],"featImg":"quest_14224","label":"quest"},"quest_11119":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_11119","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"11119","score":null,"sort":[1292011228000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"producers-notes-science-on-the-spot-watching-the-tides","title":"Producer's Notes: Science on the SPOT: Watching the Tides","publishDate":1292011228,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-watching-the-tides\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/WS202_tides3001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Sittin' on the dock of the bay, watchin' the tides roll away.\u003c/em>\u003c/span> Walking along the shore of San Francisco Bay at Crissy Field in San Francisco, you might not take notice of the small building at the end of a short pier. But this little white shack with the red roof holds a lot of history and houses vitally important scientific instruments. “This is the front line of our data,” says Mary Jane Schramm of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “This is the oldest continually operating tidal gauge in the Western Hemisphere. It’s been in continuous operation since 1854, so it’s weathered the great San Francisco earthquake and many other natural disasters that have put other tidal gauges out of commission.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is important because the bay and ocean currents flooding in and out of the Golden Gate are notoriously treacherous. The US Government realized early on the importance of San Francisco Bay and the need to better understand the movements of the water for navigation. Soon after California became a State, American surveyors were sent to San Francisco to study the water conditions of the great port. And the work has continued non-stop ever since. For over 150 years the San Francisco Tide Station, now operated by NOAA, has produced a continuous recording of water levels and other vital maritime information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today the tide station uses state of the art equipment to measure the water movement of San Francisco Bay. The water gauges are connected to the NOAA Physical Oceanographic Real-Time System (PORTS), and measure nearly real-time water levels, surface and sub-surface currents and other information such as winds, weather and climate data. This information is available to the public so sailors know the best times to cast off, make transits, load or unload cargo, or when to ride the tides in or out of the bay. According to \u003ca href=\"http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/topics/navops/ports/150_years_of_tides.pdf\">a report written by Captain Albert E. Theberge, NOAA (Ret.)\u003c/a>, “This information is critically important considering that there is an average of 261 deep-draft vessels entering San Francisco Bay each month and there are approximately 85,000 registered pleasure boats using approximately 100 yacht clubs in the Bay system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The historical record from the tide station at San Francisco transcends the maritime history of the San Francisco Bay,” according to Captain Theberge. “From the days when clipper ships relied upon tide predictions provided by the station to navigate the dynamic waters of the Golden Gate, to the modern day mariner that obtains real-time water levels so that the huge ship and crane barge operators can tell if they have enough depth in the channels and enough clearance under the bridges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the process of collecting data to insure safe passage in and out of the bay, the San Francisco Tide Station has been instrumental in collecting a long and continuous stream of scientific data that has advanced our knowledge of the oceans and the earth. This data has benefited meteorologists, oceanographers and climatologists alike. As we look to the future and attempt to better understand the changing climate and what that will mean to things such as sea level rise, the current and long-term data collected at this small station will become increasingly more important. “San Francisco is an amazing city in terms of its heritage,” says Mary Jane Schramm, “ The human heritage as well as the magic and mystique of the great Golden Gate. It’s a portal for exploration. We are explorers and by virtue of having this facility here helps foster that process along.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8035713 -122.4593512\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A little white shack with the red roof along Crissy Field holds a lot of history and houses vitally important scientific instruments.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1292011228,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":634},"headData":{"title":"Producer's Notes: Science on the SPOT: Watching the Tides | KQED","description":"A little white shack with the red roof along Crissy Field holds a lot of history and houses vitally important scientific instruments.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Producer's Notes: Science on the SPOT: Watching the Tides","datePublished":"2010-12-10T20:00:28.000Z","dateModified":"2010-12-10T20:00:28.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"11119 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=11119","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/12/10/producers-notes-science-on-the-spot-watching-the-tides/","disqusTitle":"Producer's Notes: Science on the SPOT: Watching the Tides","path":"/quest/11119/producers-notes-science-on-the-spot-watching-the-tides","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-watching-the-tides\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/WS202_tides3001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Sittin' on the dock of the bay, watchin' the tides roll away.\u003c/em>\u003c/span> Walking along the shore of San Francisco Bay at Crissy Field in San Francisco, you might not take notice of the small building at the end of a short pier. But this little white shack with the red roof holds a lot of history and houses vitally important scientific instruments. “This is the front line of our data,” says Mary Jane Schramm of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “This is the oldest continually operating tidal gauge in the Western Hemisphere. It’s been in continuous operation since 1854, so it’s weathered the great San Francisco earthquake and many other natural disasters that have put other tidal gauges out of commission.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is important because the bay and ocean currents flooding in and out of the Golden Gate are notoriously treacherous. The US Government realized early on the importance of San Francisco Bay and the need to better understand the movements of the water for navigation. Soon after California became a State, American surveyors were sent to San Francisco to study the water conditions of the great port. And the work has continued non-stop ever since. For over 150 years the San Francisco Tide Station, now operated by NOAA, has produced a continuous recording of water levels and other vital maritime information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today the tide station uses state of the art equipment to measure the water movement of San Francisco Bay. The water gauges are connected to the NOAA Physical Oceanographic Real-Time System (PORTS), and measure nearly real-time water levels, surface and sub-surface currents and other information such as winds, weather and climate data. This information is available to the public so sailors know the best times to cast off, make transits, load or unload cargo, or when to ride the tides in or out of the bay. According to \u003ca href=\"http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/topics/navops/ports/150_years_of_tides.pdf\">a report written by Captain Albert E. Theberge, NOAA (Ret.)\u003c/a>, “This information is critically important considering that there is an average of 261 deep-draft vessels entering San Francisco Bay each month and there are approximately 85,000 registered pleasure boats using approximately 100 yacht clubs in the Bay system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The historical record from the tide station at San Francisco transcends the maritime history of the San Francisco Bay,” according to Captain Theberge. “From the days when clipper ships relied upon tide predictions provided by the station to navigate the dynamic waters of the Golden Gate, to the modern day mariner that obtains real-time water levels so that the huge ship and crane barge operators can tell if they have enough depth in the channels and enough clearance under the bridges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the process of collecting data to insure safe passage in and out of the bay, the San Francisco Tide Station has been instrumental in collecting a long and continuous stream of scientific data that has advanced our knowledge of the oceans and the earth. This data has benefited meteorologists, oceanographers and climatologists alike. As we look to the future and attempt to better understand the changing climate and what that will mean to things such as sea level rise, the current and long-term data collected at this small station will become increasingly more important. “San Francisco is an amazing city in terms of its heritage,” says Mary Jane Schramm, “ The human heritage as well as the magic and mystique of the great Golden Gate. It’s a portal for exploration. We are explorers and by virtue of having this facility here helps foster that process along.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8035713 -122.4593512\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/11119/producers-notes-science-on-the-spot-watching-the-tides","authors":["10169"],"categories":["quest_3","quest_6"],"tags":["quest_13210","quest_731","quest_1284","quest_1398","quest_3351","quest_1870","quest_2001","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_2486","quest_2540","quest_2936","quest_2937","quest_2938"],"featImg":"quest_11125","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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