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Aust","firstName":"Andrea","lastName":"Aust","slug":"andrea-swensrud","email":"aaust@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Andrea is the Senior Manager of Science Education for KQED, where she has been developing science education resources and providing professional learning for STEM educators for more than 10 years. Andrea graduated from UC Berkeley with a B.A. in Environmental Science and earned her M.A. in Teaching and Multiple Subject Teaching Credential from the University of San Francisco. Prior to KQED, she taught, developed, and managed marine science and environmental education programs in Aspen, Catalina Island and the Bay Area. Follow her on Twitter at \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/KQEDaust\">@KQEDaust\u003c/a>.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0e24afde91dbbf0fb0652c4ebbebceee?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"KQEDaust","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"education","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["unfiltered_upload","administrator"]}],"headData":{"title":"Andrea Aust | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0e24afde91dbbf0fb0652c4ebbebceee?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0e24afde91dbbf0fb0652c4ebbebceee?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/andrea-swensrud"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_142670":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_142670","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"142670","score":null,"sort":[1460769909000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"educator-guide-exploring-earthquakes","title":"Educator Guide: Exploring Earthquakes","publishDate":1460769909,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":10627,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>What are earthquakes? Get a new perspective on these powerful phenomena with our collection of videos and infographics co-produced with KQED, originally designed with middle and high school educators in mind. You and your students will learn why earthquakes happen, how they've shaped the Bay Area, and what you can do to prepare for the next one. We've included ideas for how to structure a sequence of learning tasks, but feel free to pick and choose!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether you want to use the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/earthquakes\">Exploring Earthquakes\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> resources with students or to polish your own content knowledge, the following guide provides ideas for how to get started.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1. The Earth's Structure\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch3>Core, Mantle and Crust\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Before learning about earthquakes, let’s look at the inside of our planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>View the video \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/explore-science/inside-the-earth-exploring-earth%E2%80%99s-layers\" target=\"_blank\">Inside the Earth: Exploring Earth's Layers\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> and consider the following questions:\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>What are distinct characteristics of each layer?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How is Earth's surface impacted by its interior?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Read more about the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/explore-science/from-core-to-crust-defining-earths-layers\" target=\"_blank\">core, mantle and crust\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Plate Boundaries\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Movement in narrow zones along plate boundaries causes most earthquakes. Most seismic activity occurs at three types of plate boundaries – convergent, divergent, and transform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Observe the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/sites/default/files/assets/images/explorescience/earthquake/plate_boundaries_hero_copyrite2012.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">three types of plate boundaries\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> and note where they occur on Earth.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Review the brief description of each boundary type.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>After watching the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=edb7FMcGrAE&index=4&list=PLS14biAqBAtE_wpsyXkZbbb7Wwq4DkUzw\" target=\"_blank\">Plate Boundaries video\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>, research and find specific examples of convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Evidence of Earth’s Layers\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>During an earthquake, different types of seismic waves move through the Earth, traveling through solids or liquids differently. This helps scientists understand the properties and composition of the Earth’s layers – the core, mantle, and crust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Look at the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wDfIgoXaXis&index=2&list=PLS14biAqBAtE_wpsyXkZbbb7Wwq4DkUzw\" target=\"_blank\">Seismic Waves video\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> and discuss with a friend how P and S waves travel differently through the Earth's layers.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>2. Plate Movement through Geologic Time\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch3>The Supercontinent Cycle\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Today’s configuration of continents is dramatically different than it was in the past. Learn how previous supercontinents formed and then broke up again over hundreds of millions of years due to plate tectonics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Watch the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/explore-science/plate-tectonics-shaping-the-continents\" target=\"_blank\">Plate Tectonics: Shaping the Continents video\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> to witness how Earth's forces have shaped the continents from present day to millions of years ago. Choose a location to follow back in time and describe its path.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Watch the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxJTuzaonB0&list=PLS14biAqBAtE_wpsyXkZbbb7Wwq4DkUzw&index=8\" target=\"_blank\">Back in Time: 200 Million Years Ago to Present Day video\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> on the Earthquake YouTube playlist. Pause the video two to three times while you are watching and reflect on how the land masses have changed over time.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Formation of the Atlantic Ocean\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The breakup of Pangaea was fueled by the formation of the Atlantic Ocean as new crust was formed along the underwater ridge. By speeding up geologic time through computer simulations, we can witness the movement of the plates and the beginning of this great ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>You are about to witness the formation of the Atlantic Ocean. Before watching, predict when the Atlantic began to form.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>After viewing this timelapse video from\u003cstrong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADsjdu27WaM&list=PLS14biAqBAtE_wpsyXkZbbb7Wwq4DkUzw&index=10\" target=\"_blank\">200 Million Years to Present Day\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>, describe what the Atlantic might look like in millions of years.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Evidence of Plate Tectonics\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Some \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/explore-science/evidence-of-plate-tectonics\" target=\"_blank\">Evidence of Plate Tectonics\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> comes from what we know about previous life on Earth. Scientists have found fossils of the same land-dwelling animal in Africa and South America. How did similar fossils come to be so far apart? Evidence of plate tectonics has also been gathered from clues left by glaciers and the shapes of coastlines. This has helped scientists to piece together the previous configuration of the continents. How is this possible?\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>After viewing the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/sites/default/files/styles/manual_crop_standard_960x540/public/assets/images/explorescience/earthquake/recordsinrock-hero_copyrite2012.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Records in Rock graphic\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> of fossil evidence, make a list of questions that you have about fossil records and the connection to plate tectonics.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Similar fossils from South America and Africa are now separated by an ocean. What connections can you make between \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxJTuzaonB0&list=PLS14biAqBAtE_wpsyXkZbbb7Wwq4DkUzw&index=8\" target=\"_blank\">this video\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> and the previous graphic? What new questions do you have?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>View this \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/sites/default/files/styles/manual_crop_standard_960x540/public/assets/images/explorescience/earthquake/remnants_in_rock_hero_copyrite2012.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Remnants in Rock graphic\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> of glacier evidence and discuss how it supports the idea of a past supercontinent.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/sites/default/files/styles/manual_crop_standard_960x540/public/assets/images/explorescience/earthquake/complementary-coasts_hero_copyrite2012.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>Complementary Coasts graphic\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> provides evidence of complementary coastlines along Africa and South America. Look at a world map and determine other coastlines that could fit together based on their shapes.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Plate Tectonics Shaped Human History\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Plate tectonics played an important role in the history of ancient civilizations both by causing destructive events and opportunities for life to flourish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Watch the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/explore-science/plate-tectonics-and-ancient-civilizations\" target=\"_blank\">Plate Tectonics and Ancient Civilizations video\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> and consider why early civilizations would spring up in tectonically active areas.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>3. Earthquake 101\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch3>Anatomy of an Earthquake\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Although the Earth’s surface is moving and changing through geologic time, we usually do not see it happening before our eyes, but we can experience it through earthquakes. As the plates move past each other, along fault zones, they sometimes get caught and pressure builds up. When the plates finally give and slip due to the increased pressure, energy is released as seismic waves, causing the ground to shake. This is an earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Using the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/07/earthquakes/\" target=\"_blank\">Anatomy of an Earthquake diagram\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>, describe the relationship between the faults and the plates. How are the focus and the epicenter different?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Design a demonstration or model using everyday materials showing how earthquakes occur (built-up strain and sudden energy release).\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Fault Types\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Basic fault types found around the world are normal, reverse, and strike-slip. How do fault types relate to plate boundaries?\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>View \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.iris.washington.edu/gifs/animations/faults.htm\" target=\"_blank\">these animations\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> to learn about the basic fault types. Use your own words and hand movements to describe the different fault types to a friend.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Read \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/explore-science/faults-where-earthquakes-occur\" target=\"_blank\">Faults: Where Earthquakes Occur \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>to learn more about the different types of faults.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Determining the Epicenter\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>How is the location of the earthquake slip determined? The process is called triangulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Watch the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SFJ_l3uFkPI&list=PLS14biAqBAtE_wpsyXkZbbb7Wwq4DkUzw&index=5\" target=\"_blank\">Epicenter video\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> to learn how to determine the epicenter of an earthquake.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Use the online activity \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencecourseware.com/virtualearthquake/vquakeexecute.html\">Virtual Earthquake by Geology Labs On-Line\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> to practice finding the epicenter of an earthquake.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Alternatively, do this activity to \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/educators/lesson-plans/earthquakes-and-tectonic-plates\" target=\"_blank\">learn how to triangulate\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Then, discuss the following questions with a friend:\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Why is it necessary to have information from three seismograph stations for triangulation? Why is it not possible to find the epicenter using information from just two stations?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Why is it important to know where the epicenter of an earthquake is located?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What can scientists learn about faults from mapping earthquake epicenters?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Measuring Earthquakes\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Earthquakes are generally described by their magnitude (the energy released) and intensity (the damage that is done). Learn how these are measured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Read more about \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2016/04/15/measuring-earthquakes-intensity-and-magnitude/\" target=\"_blank\">measuring earthquakes\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Watch the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXMKSOsv3QA&index=10&list=PLS14biAqBAtE_wpsyXkZbbb7Wwq4DkUzw\" target=\"_blank\">Magnitude video\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> from a scientist at the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center about earthquake energy release. Describe the difference between a 6.9 and an 8.5 earthquake.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Compare the two earthquakes in the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1135/Loma_Prieta/BA_1906_vs_Loma_Prieta.html\">Intensity Comparison of the 1906 and 1989 Earthquakes\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> animation. Make some observations about their intensities.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Seismic Waves\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>An earthquake generates a series of seismic waves that transmit the energy released by an earthquake. They travel through the interior and near the surface of the Earth. Learn about the different types of seismic waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/educators/lesson-plans/measuring-earthquakes\" target=\"_blank\">Build your own seismograph\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> to experience the phenomenon firsthand.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Watch the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wDfIgoXaXis&list=PLS14biAqBAtE_wpsyXkZbbb7Wwq4DkUzw&index=2\" target=\"_blank\">Seismic Waves animation\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> and answer the following questions:\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>What are the different kinds of waves?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Which wave moves the fastest?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Which wave causes the most destruction?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>After watching the animation, review with a friend how the buildings fared on the different substrates. On which type of substrate is it safest to build?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>4. Bay Area Earthquakes\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch3>Bay Area Faults\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>California lies within an active seismic zone, straddling the Pacific and North American plates, which are grinding past each other. There are many active faults in California that are capable of creating major earthquakes. The Bay Area sits on a series of active faults that include the San Andreas, Calaveras, and Hayward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Read more about \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2016/04/15/san-francisco-bay-area-earthquakes-and-faults/\" target=\"_blank\">Bay Area Faults\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Use the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/sites/default/files/assets/images/explorescience/earthquake/bayareafaultplaneslabeled.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Bay Area Fault Planes image\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> to determine how many fault planes cut through the Bay Area. Why do you think there are so many?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Watch the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhFMtCmHc9c&list=PLS14biAqBAtE_wpsyXkZbbb7Wwq4DkUzw&index=6\" target=\"_blank\">Hayward Fault: Predictable Peril video\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> and discuss: Why are scientists so concerned about earthquakes occurring on the Hayward Fault?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Based on the evidence of the video above, what type of fault is the Hayward Fault? Why do you think so? (Review the \u003ca href=\"http://www.iris.washington.edu/gifs/animations/faults.htm\" target=\"_blank\">fault animations\u003c/a>.)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>The Great San Francisco Earthquake of 1906\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The San Andreas Fault, part of the boundary between the Pacific and North American plates, has been the source of damaging earthquakes in the Bay Area. In 1906 a large earthquake occurred on the San Andreas Fault that led to the destruction of many city blocks in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Watch \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y43k3Fzrw4A&list=PLS14biAqBAtE_wpsyXkZbbb7Wwq4DkUzw&index=15\" target=\"_blank\">The Science Behind the 1906 Earthquake video\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> and collect the following information:\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Where was the focus of the 1906 Earthquake?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What do the red and yellow colors represent on the simulation and how are they related?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Personal Accounts of Earthquakes\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Below are oral history accounts from the 1906 earthquake. Explore these documents and answer the questions provided. Then, seek out a family member or family friend who experienced the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Compare and contrast events as told from several perspectives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Explore these \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org:8080/sites/default/files/assets/docs/pdf/personal_accounts.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">oral history accounts from the 1906 earthquake\u003c/a>. \u003c/strong>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>Compare and contrast the first-person narratives.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Why do personal accounts differ from each other?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Use this \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org:8080/sites/default/files/assets/docs/pdf/339s1_eqoralhistory.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">guide to conduct your own interviews\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> of family or family friends who experienced the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Share your findings of your interviews with your fellow students. Do these personal accounts differ from each other? Why?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>5. Get Prepared\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch3>Engineering Preparedness\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>California has experienced many damaging earthquakes. From the damage caused, scientists and engineers have learned how to design buildings that will better withstand the shaking. Over the past few decades, many structures have undergone earthquake retrofitting in the Bay Area and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Watch \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7hoSqazNmfY&index=13&list=PLS14biAqBAtE_wpsyXkZbbb7Wwq4DkUzw\" target=\"_blank\">The Shaking Table at UC Berkeley video\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> to learn more about how engineers make our built environment better able to withstand earthquakes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>View the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cu9WpKxfByc&index=11&list=PLS14biAqBAtE_wpsyXkZbbb7Wwq4DkUzw\" target=\"_blank\">The New Bay Bridge: Earthquake Makeover \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>video to learn about changes to the new Bay Bridge in the San Francisco Bay Area.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>What to Do Before an Earthquake\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Creating an emergency plan, preparing an earthquake kit, and safely storing and securing heavy items are a few ways to prepare for the big one!\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Read \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/explore-science/how-to-prepare-for-an-earthquake\" target=\"_blank\">How to Prepare for an Earthquake\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Make a list of items for your classroom earthquake kit and create a kit that you store at school.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Develop an emergency plan. Think about a few places where you spend the majority of your time. This may be at home, at school, in your car, etc.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>What to Do During an Earthquake\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Earthquakes are unpredictable and can happen at any time. It is important to know what to do when an earthquake occurs whether you are at home, at work or at play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Go to the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ready.gov/earthquakes\" target=\"_blank\">FEMA Ready website\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> and research what to do during an earthquake. Relate this information to your plans for preparing for an earthquake.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If an earthquake occurred at home, at work, or at play, what would you do? Imagine realistic scenarios and consider where you would drop, cover, and hold on. Do these locations have hazards?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>What to Do After an Earthquake\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The more prepared you are after an earthquake, the better. Consider the information you have learned regarding what to do before and after an earthquake. It is not known what the situation will actually be after an earthquake. What are necessary steps that you can take to assess the situation and your safety?\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>If you don't already know, take the time to learn how to turn off water and gas in your home.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Set a safe location to meet your family or friends after an earthquake. How will you get there? What would you bring with you?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>Connections to NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch3>ESS1.C The History of Planet Earth\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>(Grade 4) Local, regional, and global patterns of rock formations reveal changes over time due to earth forces, such as earthquakes. The presence and location of certain fossil types indicate the order in which rock layers were formed.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>(Grades 6-8) Tectonic processes continually generate new ocean sea floor at ridges and destroy old sea floor at trenches.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>(Grades 9-12) Continental rocks, which can be older than 4 billion years, are generally much older than the rocks of the ocean floor, which are less than 200 million years old.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>(Grades 9-12) Evidence from deep probes and seismic waves, reconstructions of historical changes in Earth’s surface and its magnetic field, and an understanding of physical and chemical processes lead to a model of Earth with a hot but solid inner core, a liquid outer core, a solid mantle and crust. Motions of the mantle and crust occur primarily through thermal convection, which involves the cycling of matter due to the outward flow of energy from Earth’s interior and gravitational movement of denser materials toward the interior.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>ESS2.B Plate Tectonics and Large-Scale System Interactions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>(Grade 4) The locations of mountain ranges, deep ocean trenches, ocean floor structures, earthquakes, and volcanoes occur in patterns. Most earthquakes and volcanoes occur in bands that are often along the boundaries between continents and oceans. Major mountain chains form inside continents or near their edges. Maps can help locate the different land and water features areas of Earth.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>(Grades 6-8) Maps of ancient land and water patterns, based on investigations of rocks and fossils, make clear how Earth’s plates have moved great distances, collided, and spread apart.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>(Grades 6-8) The planet’s systems interact over scales that range from microscopic to global in size, and they operate over fractions of a second to billions of years. These interactions have shaped Earth’s history and will determine its future.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>(Grades 9-12) Plate tectonics is the unifying theory that explains the past and current movements of the rocks at Earth’s surface and provides a framework for understanding its geologic history. Plate movements are responsible for most continental and ocean-floor features and for the distribution of most rocks and minerals within Earth’s crust.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>(Grades 9-12) Plate tectonics can be viewed as the surface expression of mantle convection.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>ESS3.B Natural Hazards\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>(Grade 4) A variety of hazards result from natural processes (e.g., earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions). Humans cannot eliminate the hazards but can take steps to reduce their impacts.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>(Grades 6-8) Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region, combined with an understanding of related geologic forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>(Grades 9-12) Natural hazards and other geologic events have shaped the course of human history; [they] have significantly altered the sizes of human populations and have driven human migrations.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>PS4.A Wave Properties\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>(Grades 9-12) Geologists use seismic waves and their reflection at interfaces between layers to probe structures deep in the planet.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>This post is part of \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/earthquakes\">Exploring Earthquakes\u003c/a>, a rich collection of resources co-presented by the California Academy of Sciences and KQED. This material is also available as a free \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/book/earthquake/id552255768?mt=11\">iBooks textbook\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/course/earthquake/id552092722\">iTunes U course\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don’t miss \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/exhibits/earthquake-life-on-a-dynamic-planet\">Earthquake\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, an interactive exhibit at the Academy exploring the seismic forces that impact us today and featuring the Shake House, an earthquake simulator.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Use this guide to investigate why earthquakes happen, how they've shaped the Bay Area, and what you can do to prepare for the next one.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1460769909,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":2581},"headData":{"title":"Educator Guide: Exploring Earthquakes | KQED","description":"Use this guide to investigate why earthquakes happen, how they've shaped the Bay Area, and what you can do to prepare for the next one.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Educator Guide: Exploring Earthquakes","datePublished":"2016-04-16T01:25:09.000Z","dateModified":"2016-04-16T01:25:09.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"142670 http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/?p=142670","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2016/04/15/educator-guide-exploring-earthquakes/","disqusTitle":"Educator Guide: Exploring Earthquakes","path":"/quest/142670/educator-guide-exploring-earthquakes","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>What are earthquakes? Get a new perspective on these powerful phenomena with our collection of videos and infographics co-produced with KQED, originally designed with middle and high school educators in mind. You and your students will learn why earthquakes happen, how they've shaped the Bay Area, and what you can do to prepare for the next one. We've included ideas for how to structure a sequence of learning tasks, but feel free to pick and choose!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether you want to use the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/earthquakes\">Exploring Earthquakes\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> resources with students or to polish your own content knowledge, the following guide provides ideas for how to get started.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1. The Earth's Structure\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch3>Core, Mantle and Crust\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Before learning about earthquakes, let’s look at the inside of our planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>View the video \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/explore-science/inside-the-earth-exploring-earth%E2%80%99s-layers\" target=\"_blank\">Inside the Earth: Exploring Earth's Layers\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> and consider the following questions:\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>What are distinct characteristics of each layer?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How is Earth's surface impacted by its interior?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Read more about the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/explore-science/from-core-to-crust-defining-earths-layers\" target=\"_blank\">core, mantle and crust\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Plate Boundaries\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Movement in narrow zones along plate boundaries causes most earthquakes. Most seismic activity occurs at three types of plate boundaries – convergent, divergent, and transform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Observe the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/sites/default/files/assets/images/explorescience/earthquake/plate_boundaries_hero_copyrite2012.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">three types of plate boundaries\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> and note where they occur on Earth.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Review the brief description of each boundary type.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>After watching the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=edb7FMcGrAE&index=4&list=PLS14biAqBAtE_wpsyXkZbbb7Wwq4DkUzw\" target=\"_blank\">Plate Boundaries video\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>, research and find specific examples of convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Evidence of Earth’s Layers\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>During an earthquake, different types of seismic waves move through the Earth, traveling through solids or liquids differently. This helps scientists understand the properties and composition of the Earth’s layers – the core, mantle, and crust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Look at the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wDfIgoXaXis&index=2&list=PLS14biAqBAtE_wpsyXkZbbb7Wwq4DkUzw\" target=\"_blank\">Seismic Waves video\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> and discuss with a friend how P and S waves travel differently through the Earth's layers.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>2. Plate Movement through Geologic Time\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch3>The Supercontinent Cycle\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Today’s configuration of continents is dramatically different than it was in the past. Learn how previous supercontinents formed and then broke up again over hundreds of millions of years due to plate tectonics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Watch the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/explore-science/plate-tectonics-shaping-the-continents\" target=\"_blank\">Plate Tectonics: Shaping the Continents video\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> to witness how Earth's forces have shaped the continents from present day to millions of years ago. Choose a location to follow back in time and describe its path.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Watch the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxJTuzaonB0&list=PLS14biAqBAtE_wpsyXkZbbb7Wwq4DkUzw&index=8\" target=\"_blank\">Back in Time: 200 Million Years Ago to Present Day video\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> on the Earthquake YouTube playlist. Pause the video two to three times while you are watching and reflect on how the land masses have changed over time.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Formation of the Atlantic Ocean\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The breakup of Pangaea was fueled by the formation of the Atlantic Ocean as new crust was formed along the underwater ridge. By speeding up geologic time through computer simulations, we can witness the movement of the plates and the beginning of this great ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>You are about to witness the formation of the Atlantic Ocean. Before watching, predict when the Atlantic began to form.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>After viewing this timelapse video from\u003cstrong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADsjdu27WaM&list=PLS14biAqBAtE_wpsyXkZbbb7Wwq4DkUzw&index=10\" target=\"_blank\">200 Million Years to Present Day\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>, describe what the Atlantic might look like in millions of years.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Evidence of Plate Tectonics\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Some \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/explore-science/evidence-of-plate-tectonics\" target=\"_blank\">Evidence of Plate Tectonics\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> comes from what we know about previous life on Earth. Scientists have found fossils of the same land-dwelling animal in Africa and South America. How did similar fossils come to be so far apart? Evidence of plate tectonics has also been gathered from clues left by glaciers and the shapes of coastlines. This has helped scientists to piece together the previous configuration of the continents. How is this possible?\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>After viewing the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/sites/default/files/styles/manual_crop_standard_960x540/public/assets/images/explorescience/earthquake/recordsinrock-hero_copyrite2012.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Records in Rock graphic\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> of fossil evidence, make a list of questions that you have about fossil records and the connection to plate tectonics.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Similar fossils from South America and Africa are now separated by an ocean. What connections can you make between \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxJTuzaonB0&list=PLS14biAqBAtE_wpsyXkZbbb7Wwq4DkUzw&index=8\" target=\"_blank\">this video\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> and the previous graphic? What new questions do you have?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>View this \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/sites/default/files/styles/manual_crop_standard_960x540/public/assets/images/explorescience/earthquake/remnants_in_rock_hero_copyrite2012.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Remnants in Rock graphic\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> of glacier evidence and discuss how it supports the idea of a past supercontinent.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/sites/default/files/styles/manual_crop_standard_960x540/public/assets/images/explorescience/earthquake/complementary-coasts_hero_copyrite2012.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>Complementary Coasts graphic\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> provides evidence of complementary coastlines along Africa and South America. Look at a world map and determine other coastlines that could fit together based on their shapes.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Plate Tectonics Shaped Human History\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Plate tectonics played an important role in the history of ancient civilizations both by causing destructive events and opportunities for life to flourish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Watch the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/explore-science/plate-tectonics-and-ancient-civilizations\" target=\"_blank\">Plate Tectonics and Ancient Civilizations video\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> and consider why early civilizations would spring up in tectonically active areas.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>3. Earthquake 101\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch3>Anatomy of an Earthquake\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Although the Earth’s surface is moving and changing through geologic time, we usually do not see it happening before our eyes, but we can experience it through earthquakes. As the plates move past each other, along fault zones, they sometimes get caught and pressure builds up. When the plates finally give and slip due to the increased pressure, energy is released as seismic waves, causing the ground to shake. This is an earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Using the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/07/earthquakes/\" target=\"_blank\">Anatomy of an Earthquake diagram\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>, describe the relationship between the faults and the plates. How are the focus and the epicenter different?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Design a demonstration or model using everyday materials showing how earthquakes occur (built-up strain and sudden energy release).\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Fault Types\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Basic fault types found around the world are normal, reverse, and strike-slip. How do fault types relate to plate boundaries?\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>View \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.iris.washington.edu/gifs/animations/faults.htm\" target=\"_blank\">these animations\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> to learn about the basic fault types. Use your own words and hand movements to describe the different fault types to a friend.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Read \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/explore-science/faults-where-earthquakes-occur\" target=\"_blank\">Faults: Where Earthquakes Occur \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>to learn more about the different types of faults.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Determining the Epicenter\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>How is the location of the earthquake slip determined? The process is called triangulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Watch the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SFJ_l3uFkPI&list=PLS14biAqBAtE_wpsyXkZbbb7Wwq4DkUzw&index=5\" target=\"_blank\">Epicenter video\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> to learn how to determine the epicenter of an earthquake.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Use the online activity \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencecourseware.com/virtualearthquake/vquakeexecute.html\">Virtual Earthquake by Geology Labs On-Line\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> to practice finding the epicenter of an earthquake.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Alternatively, do this activity to \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/educators/lesson-plans/earthquakes-and-tectonic-plates\" target=\"_blank\">learn how to triangulate\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Then, discuss the following questions with a friend:\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Why is it necessary to have information from three seismograph stations for triangulation? Why is it not possible to find the epicenter using information from just two stations?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Why is it important to know where the epicenter of an earthquake is located?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What can scientists learn about faults from mapping earthquake epicenters?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Measuring Earthquakes\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Earthquakes are generally described by their magnitude (the energy released) and intensity (the damage that is done). Learn how these are measured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Read more about \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2016/04/15/measuring-earthquakes-intensity-and-magnitude/\" target=\"_blank\">measuring earthquakes\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Watch the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXMKSOsv3QA&index=10&list=PLS14biAqBAtE_wpsyXkZbbb7Wwq4DkUzw\" target=\"_blank\">Magnitude video\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> from a scientist at the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center about earthquake energy release. Describe the difference between a 6.9 and an 8.5 earthquake.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Compare the two earthquakes in the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1135/Loma_Prieta/BA_1906_vs_Loma_Prieta.html\">Intensity Comparison of the 1906 and 1989 Earthquakes\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> animation. Make some observations about their intensities.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Seismic Waves\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>An earthquake generates a series of seismic waves that transmit the energy released by an earthquake. They travel through the interior and near the surface of the Earth. Learn about the different types of seismic waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/educators/lesson-plans/measuring-earthquakes\" target=\"_blank\">Build your own seismograph\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> to experience the phenomenon firsthand.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Watch the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wDfIgoXaXis&list=PLS14biAqBAtE_wpsyXkZbbb7Wwq4DkUzw&index=2\" target=\"_blank\">Seismic Waves animation\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> and answer the following questions:\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>What are the different kinds of waves?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Which wave moves the fastest?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Which wave causes the most destruction?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>After watching the animation, review with a friend how the buildings fared on the different substrates. On which type of substrate is it safest to build?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>4. Bay Area Earthquakes\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch3>Bay Area Faults\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>California lies within an active seismic zone, straddling the Pacific and North American plates, which are grinding past each other. There are many active faults in California that are capable of creating major earthquakes. The Bay Area sits on a series of active faults that include the San Andreas, Calaveras, and Hayward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Read more about \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2016/04/15/san-francisco-bay-area-earthquakes-and-faults/\" target=\"_blank\">Bay Area Faults\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Use the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/sites/default/files/assets/images/explorescience/earthquake/bayareafaultplaneslabeled.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Bay Area Fault Planes image\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> to determine how many fault planes cut through the Bay Area. Why do you think there are so many?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Watch the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhFMtCmHc9c&list=PLS14biAqBAtE_wpsyXkZbbb7Wwq4DkUzw&index=6\" target=\"_blank\">Hayward Fault: Predictable Peril video\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> and discuss: Why are scientists so concerned about earthquakes occurring on the Hayward Fault?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Based on the evidence of the video above, what type of fault is the Hayward Fault? Why do you think so? (Review the \u003ca href=\"http://www.iris.washington.edu/gifs/animations/faults.htm\" target=\"_blank\">fault animations\u003c/a>.)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>The Great San Francisco Earthquake of 1906\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The San Andreas Fault, part of the boundary between the Pacific and North American plates, has been the source of damaging earthquakes in the Bay Area. In 1906 a large earthquake occurred on the San Andreas Fault that led to the destruction of many city blocks in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Watch \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y43k3Fzrw4A&list=PLS14biAqBAtE_wpsyXkZbbb7Wwq4DkUzw&index=15\" target=\"_blank\">The Science Behind the 1906 Earthquake video\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> and collect the following information:\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Where was the focus of the 1906 Earthquake?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What do the red and yellow colors represent on the simulation and how are they related?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Personal Accounts of Earthquakes\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Below are oral history accounts from the 1906 earthquake. Explore these documents and answer the questions provided. Then, seek out a family member or family friend who experienced the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Compare and contrast events as told from several perspectives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Explore these \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org:8080/sites/default/files/assets/docs/pdf/personal_accounts.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">oral history accounts from the 1906 earthquake\u003c/a>. \u003c/strong>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>Compare and contrast the first-person narratives.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Why do personal accounts differ from each other?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Use this \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org:8080/sites/default/files/assets/docs/pdf/339s1_eqoralhistory.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">guide to conduct your own interviews\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> of family or family friends who experienced the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Share your findings of your interviews with your fellow students. Do these personal accounts differ from each other? Why?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>5. Get Prepared\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch3>Engineering Preparedness\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>California has experienced many damaging earthquakes. From the damage caused, scientists and engineers have learned how to design buildings that will better withstand the shaking. Over the past few decades, many structures have undergone earthquake retrofitting in the Bay Area and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Watch \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7hoSqazNmfY&index=13&list=PLS14biAqBAtE_wpsyXkZbbb7Wwq4DkUzw\" target=\"_blank\">The Shaking Table at UC Berkeley video\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> to learn more about how engineers make our built environment better able to withstand earthquakes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>View the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cu9WpKxfByc&index=11&list=PLS14biAqBAtE_wpsyXkZbbb7Wwq4DkUzw\" target=\"_blank\">The New Bay Bridge: Earthquake Makeover \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>video to learn about changes to the new Bay Bridge in the San Francisco Bay Area.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>What to Do Before an Earthquake\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Creating an emergency plan, preparing an earthquake kit, and safely storing and securing heavy items are a few ways to prepare for the big one!\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Read \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/explore-science/how-to-prepare-for-an-earthquake\" target=\"_blank\">How to Prepare for an Earthquake\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Make a list of items for your classroom earthquake kit and create a kit that you store at school.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Develop an emergency plan. Think about a few places where you spend the majority of your time. This may be at home, at school, in your car, etc.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>What to Do During an Earthquake\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Earthquakes are unpredictable and can happen at any time. It is important to know what to do when an earthquake occurs whether you are at home, at work or at play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Go to the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ready.gov/earthquakes\" target=\"_blank\">FEMA Ready website\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> and research what to do during an earthquake. Relate this information to your plans for preparing for an earthquake.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If an earthquake occurred at home, at work, or at play, what would you do? Imagine realistic scenarios and consider where you would drop, cover, and hold on. Do these locations have hazards?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>What to Do After an Earthquake\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The more prepared you are after an earthquake, the better. Consider the information you have learned regarding what to do before and after an earthquake. It is not known what the situation will actually be after an earthquake. What are necessary steps that you can take to assess the situation and your safety?\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>If you don't already know, take the time to learn how to turn off water and gas in your home.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Set a safe location to meet your family or friends after an earthquake. How will you get there? What would you bring with you?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>Connections to NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch3>ESS1.C The History of Planet Earth\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>(Grade 4) Local, regional, and global patterns of rock formations reveal changes over time due to earth forces, such as earthquakes. The presence and location of certain fossil types indicate the order in which rock layers were formed.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>(Grades 6-8) Tectonic processes continually generate new ocean sea floor at ridges and destroy old sea floor at trenches.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>(Grades 9-12) Continental rocks, which can be older than 4 billion years, are generally much older than the rocks of the ocean floor, which are less than 200 million years old.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>(Grades 9-12) Evidence from deep probes and seismic waves, reconstructions of historical changes in Earth’s surface and its magnetic field, and an understanding of physical and chemical processes lead to a model of Earth with a hot but solid inner core, a liquid outer core, a solid mantle and crust. Motions of the mantle and crust occur primarily through thermal convection, which involves the cycling of matter due to the outward flow of energy from Earth’s interior and gravitational movement of denser materials toward the interior.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>ESS2.B Plate Tectonics and Large-Scale System Interactions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>(Grade 4) The locations of mountain ranges, deep ocean trenches, ocean floor structures, earthquakes, and volcanoes occur in patterns. Most earthquakes and volcanoes occur in bands that are often along the boundaries between continents and oceans. Major mountain chains form inside continents or near their edges. Maps can help locate the different land and water features areas of Earth.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>(Grades 6-8) Maps of ancient land and water patterns, based on investigations of rocks and fossils, make clear how Earth’s plates have moved great distances, collided, and spread apart.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>(Grades 6-8) The planet’s systems interact over scales that range from microscopic to global in size, and they operate over fractions of a second to billions of years. These interactions have shaped Earth’s history and will determine its future.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>(Grades 9-12) Plate tectonics is the unifying theory that explains the past and current movements of the rocks at Earth’s surface and provides a framework for understanding its geologic history. Plate movements are responsible for most continental and ocean-floor features and for the distribution of most rocks and minerals within Earth’s crust.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>(Grades 9-12) Plate tectonics can be viewed as the surface expression of mantle convection.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>ESS3.B Natural Hazards\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>(Grade 4) A variety of hazards result from natural processes (e.g., earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions). Humans cannot eliminate the hazards but can take steps to reduce their impacts.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>(Grades 6-8) Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region, combined with an understanding of related geologic forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>(Grades 9-12) Natural hazards and other geologic events have shaped the course of human history; [they] have significantly altered the sizes of human populations and have driven human migrations.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>PS4.A Wave Properties\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>(Grades 9-12) Geologists use seismic waves and their reflection at interfaces between layers to probe structures deep in the planet.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>This post is part of \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/earthquakes\">Exploring Earthquakes\u003c/a>, a rich collection of resources co-presented by the California Academy of Sciences and KQED. This material is also available as a free \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/book/earthquake/id552255768?mt=11\">iBooks textbook\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/course/earthquake/id552092722\">iTunes U course\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don’t miss \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/exhibits/earthquake-life-on-a-dynamic-planet\">Earthquake\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, an interactive exhibit at the Academy exploring the seismic forces that impact us today and featuring the Shake House, an earthquake simulator.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/142670/educator-guide-exploring-earthquakes","authors":["6170"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_439","quest_909","quest_932","quest_13461","quest_13466"],"collections":["quest_10627"],"featImg":"quest_142706","label":"quest_10627"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. 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