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She lives in Madison with her husband Luke and their growing collection of livestock.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/351f37679ff8bd6abc6237429402139d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["coordinator","edit_published_posts","subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Eleanor Nelsen | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/351f37679ff8bd6abc6237429402139d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/351f37679ff8bd6abc6237429402139d?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/eleanornelsen"},"mshipman":{"type":"authors","id":"10464","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10464","found":true},"name":"Matt Shipman","firstName":"Matt","lastName":"Shipman","slug":"mshipman","email":"shiplives@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Matt Shipman is a science writer and public information officer at North Carolina State University.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1a6c669e1967330f8c806304cd1e6054?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Matt Shipman | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1a6c669e1967330f8c806304cd1e6054?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1a6c669e1967330f8c806304cd1e6054?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/mshipman"},"dankaplan":{"type":"authors","id":"10472","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10472","found":true},"name":"Dan Kaplan","firstName":"Dan","lastName":"Kaplan","slug":"dankaplan","email":"Dan.Kaplan@wimedialab.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Dan Kaplan is an interactive media producer for the Wisconsin Media Lab. 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She works as a research associate at Stanford University in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and at Woods Institute for the Environment. Her work combines social science, microbiology and engineering to study ways people in low-income countries can access safer water and better sanitation. People living in developing countries are often exposed to higher levels of bacteria and other germs, usually because of contaminated water and poor sanitation conditions. Pickering tries to reduce the spread of disease by coming up with low-cost and low-tech solutions that can help minimize illnesses in areas with poor water quality. She also runs research studies to test and evaluate how effective various interventions are at preventing the spread of disease. Pickering spends about 20% of her time traveling and the rest at Stanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pickering did not always know she wanted to do this type of work. In high school, one of her math teachers suggested that she go into a career involving numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I knew that I loved the outdoors and the environment so I decided to do engineering, and specifically environmental engineering. And I also wanted to do something that challenged me and I thought that engineering would provide that challenge,\" explains Pickering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After she graduated from college with a degree in biological and environmental engineering from Cornell University, she went on to get a master's degree in environmental engineering with an emphasis on water quality from University of California, Berkeley. There, she worked on a low-cost UV water disinfection device used in Mexico to help clean contaminated water. 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She eventually ended up completing a Ph.D. in the Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This video is featured in our \u003ca href=\"http://water.woop.ie/\" target=\"_blank\">Engineering Is: Cleaning Poop from Drinking Water\u003c/a> e-book. The e-book explores the science and engineering principles behind one of Amy Pickering's projects - a device that purifies drinking water in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The e-book includes videos, interactives and media making opportunities. You can find all of our e-books at \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/education/e-books/\">kqed.org/ebooks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"What job allows you travel all over the world preventing people from getting sick? Hint: It’s not a doctor. Meet Amy Pickering, an environmental health engineer.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443564770,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":521},"headData":{"title":"Career Spotlight: Environmental Health Engineer | KQED","description":"What job allows you travel all over the world preventing people from getting sick? Hint: It’s not a doctor. 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She works as a research associate at Stanford University in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and at Woods Institute for the Environment. Her work combines social science, microbiology and engineering to study ways people in low-income countries can access safer water and better sanitation. People living in developing countries are often exposed to higher levels of bacteria and other germs, usually because of contaminated water and poor sanitation conditions. Pickering tries to reduce the spread of disease by coming up with low-cost and low-tech solutions that can help minimize illnesses in areas with poor water quality. She also runs research studies to test and evaluate how effective various interventions are at preventing the spread of disease. Pickering spends about 20% of her time traveling and the rest at Stanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pickering did not always know she wanted to do this type of work. In high school, one of her math teachers suggested that she go into a career involving numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I knew that I loved the outdoors and the environment so I decided to do engineering, and specifically environmental engineering. And I also wanted to do something that challenged me and I thought that engineering would provide that challenge,\" explains Pickering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After she graduated from college with a degree in biological and environmental engineering from Cornell University, she went on to get a master's degree in environmental engineering with an emphasis on water quality from University of California, Berkeley. There, she worked on a low-cost UV water disinfection device used in Mexico to help clean contaminated water. After graduate school, Pickering wanted to work at the intersection of science and policy, so she began a job at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I liked working at the EPA a lot, but I was in a cubicle and I quickly became restless just sitting in a cubicle all day,\" says Pickering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Pickering was growing restless with cubicle work, a tsunami struck and destroyed large parts of South Asia. She and some colleagues from graduate school decided to go to Sri Lanka to help with the tsunami relief effort. To provide residents with clean drinking water, they installed the UV water disinfection devices that they had worked on at UC Berkeley. That's when she realized she wanted to work on global water quality. She then received a Fulbright scholarship to teach English, math and photography, and completed a photo essay about how people in different parts of the world interact with water. She eventually ended up completing a Ph.D. in the Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This video is featured in our \u003ca href=\"http://water.woop.ie/\" target=\"_blank\">Engineering Is: Cleaning Poop from Drinking Water\u003c/a> e-book. The e-book explores the science and engineering principles behind one of Amy Pickering's projects - a device that purifies drinking water in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The e-book includes videos, interactives and media making opportunities. You can find all of our e-books at \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/education/e-books/\">kqed.org/ebooks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/74308/career-spotlight-environmental-health-engineer","authors":["6544"],"series":["quest_13374"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_12","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_13130","quest_13128","quest_12946","quest_13126","quest_13197","quest_13189","quest_13188","quest_12269","quest_3351","quest_12289","quest_2774","quest_13365","quest_13190"],"collections":["quest_13362"],"featImg":"quest_74330","label":"source_quest_74308"},"quest_70177":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_70177","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"70177","score":null,"sort":[1413468002000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"in-rare-sea-snail-scientists-find-compound-that-could-help-cancer-patients","title":"In Rare Sea Snail, Scientists Find Compound That Could Help Cancer Patients","publishDate":1413468002,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>PORT HUENEME -- Frank Oakes is betting his future on a snail. Thousands are suctioned onto the walls of 19 outdoor aquaculture tanks behind his office in Port Hueneme, California, south of Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shaped like oblong cinnamon rolls, the black, tan, and striped snails may live up to 60 years, although their population may be dwindling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This fragile California resource could be the basis of multiple life-saving drugs,” said Oakes, who is the CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://www.stellarbiotechnologies.com/\">Stellar Biotechnologies Inc.\u003c/a>, a biomedical company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giant keyhole limpets contain a valuable protein called KLH, or \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyhole_limpet_hemocyanin\">keyhole limpet hemocyanin\u003c/a>, which is being tested in more than 20 different types of cancer vaccines and on autoimmune diseases like Alzheimer’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72272\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 365px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Stellar-2014-copyright_GKL-AQJuveniles-18-1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-72272\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Stellar-2014-copyright_GKL-AQJuveniles-18-1-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Since the 1990s, limpets have been raised in captivity and their blood is being tested in treatments for cancer and automimmune diseases. Photo: Stellar Biotechnologies, Inc.\" width=\"365\" height=\"244\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Since the 1990s, limpets have been raised in captivity and their blood is being tested in treatments for cancer and autoimmune diseases. Photo: Stellar Biotechnologies, Inc.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The copper-based blood protein carries oxygen through the snail’s body, as hemoglobin does in humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1950s, immunologists found that inserting KLH into patients triggered a powerful immune response. Such responses are critical in helping the body fight cancer and other diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are lots of situations where we wish we could elicit an immune response,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.oxy.edu/\">Occidental College\u003c/a> biology professor \u003ca href=\"https://www.oxy.edu/faculty/gary-martin\">Gary Martin\u003c/a>. “Cancer, for example, doesn’t stimulate a strong response.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So researchers have figured out how to take markers for a specific type of cancer and attach KLH before inserting them into a vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once administered, KLH wakes up the immune system and the patient’s antibodies see the markers. Like a signpost, the markers point toward the patient’s cancer. This process trains the immune system to fight the patient’s specific type of cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hope with the cancer vaccines that contain KLH is that one day they will be preventative, much like the vaccines for measles and polio are today,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.stellarbiotechnologies.com/about-stellar/leadership/management-team\">Catherine Brisson\u003c/a>, chief operating officer of Stellar Biotechnologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #ff8000\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"This fragile California resource could be the basis of multiple life-saving drugs\" -- Frank Oakes, CEO Stellar Biotechnologies, Inc.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>KLH-based vaccines are in phase III clinical trials, the last stage before a drug receives commercial approval from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/\">Food and Drug Administration\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other countries, including South Korea, China, and the Netherlands, have already approved KLH-based cancer vaccines. Stellar sells the purified blood protein to international companies for $50,000 per gram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But generating a steady supply of KLH is tricky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giant keyhole limpets only live off the California coast and no one knows how many exist in the wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most international pharmaceutical companies collect mollusks from the ocean, which are frozen and shipped overseas or bled to death and thrown back into the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72274\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Stellar-2014-copyright_KLH-IMG_8554-1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-72274\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Stellar-2014-copyright_KLH-IMG_8554-1-168x253.jpg\" alt=\"One gram of the snails' purified blood protein is $50,000. Photo: Stellar Biotechnologies, Inc.\" width=\"225\" height=\"339\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One gram of the snails' purified blood protein is sold to pharmaceutical companies for $50,000. Photo: Stellar Biotechnologies, Inc.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I have been working in our kelp forest since 1970 and have seen [them] become much more rare over the years,” \u003ca href=\"http://daytonlab.ucsd.edu/\">Paul Dayton\u003c/a>, a marine ecologist at \u003ca href=\"https://scripps.ucsd.edu/\">Scripps Institution of Oceanography\u003c/a>, said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the market value for the blood protein, Dayton said, “it makes sense that they might be disappearing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s important, he said, is preserving a marine habitat that is vastly under studied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do not think it is appropriate to have a commercial harvest…without first doing some research on the population biology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dayton argued for restrictions on the number of snails that can be removed, since there are no catch limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while Stellar is no longer taking limpets from the wild, it is relying on a supply that may not last if KLH-based treatments are approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Should any of these clinical trials hit the jackpot, we don’t have a huge reservoir of these animals to supply the need for further clinical trials and treatments,” said Martin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>This story was made possible, in part, by support from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ijnr.org/\">Institute for Journalism & Natural Resources\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A marine mollusk with a coveted blood protein is shaping the way researchers treat cancer and autoimmune diseases.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457553692,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":676},"headData":{"title":"In Rare Sea Snail, Scientists Find Compound That Could Help Cancer Patients | KQED","description":"A marine mollusk with a coveted blood protein is shaping the way researchers treat cancer and autoimmune diseases.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"In Rare Sea Snail, Scientists Find Compound That Could Help Cancer Patients","datePublished":"2014-10-16T14:00:02.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-09T20:01:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"70177 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=70177","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/10/16/in-rare-sea-snail-scientists-find-compound-that-could-help-cancer-patients/","disqusTitle":"In Rare Sea Snail, Scientists Find Compound That Could Help Cancer Patients","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5wSMe9hh66M","path":"/quest/70177/in-rare-sea-snail-scientists-find-compound-that-could-help-cancer-patients","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>PORT HUENEME -- Frank Oakes is betting his future on a snail. Thousands are suctioned onto the walls of 19 outdoor aquaculture tanks behind his office in Port Hueneme, California, south of Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shaped like oblong cinnamon rolls, the black, tan, and striped snails may live up to 60 years, although their population may be dwindling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This fragile California resource could be the basis of multiple life-saving drugs,” said Oakes, who is the CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://www.stellarbiotechnologies.com/\">Stellar Biotechnologies Inc.\u003c/a>, a biomedical company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giant keyhole limpets contain a valuable protein called KLH, or \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyhole_limpet_hemocyanin\">keyhole limpet hemocyanin\u003c/a>, which is being tested in more than 20 different types of cancer vaccines and on autoimmune diseases like Alzheimer’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72272\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 365px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Stellar-2014-copyright_GKL-AQJuveniles-18-1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-72272\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Stellar-2014-copyright_GKL-AQJuveniles-18-1-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Since the 1990s, limpets have been raised in captivity and their blood is being tested in treatments for cancer and automimmune diseases. Photo: Stellar Biotechnologies, Inc.\" width=\"365\" height=\"244\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Since the 1990s, limpets have been raised in captivity and their blood is being tested in treatments for cancer and autoimmune diseases. Photo: Stellar Biotechnologies, Inc.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The copper-based blood protein carries oxygen through the snail’s body, as hemoglobin does in humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1950s, immunologists found that inserting KLH into patients triggered a powerful immune response. Such responses are critical in helping the body fight cancer and other diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are lots of situations where we wish we could elicit an immune response,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.oxy.edu/\">Occidental College\u003c/a> biology professor \u003ca href=\"https://www.oxy.edu/faculty/gary-martin\">Gary Martin\u003c/a>. “Cancer, for example, doesn’t stimulate a strong response.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So researchers have figured out how to take markers for a specific type of cancer and attach KLH before inserting them into a vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once administered, KLH wakes up the immune system and the patient’s antibodies see the markers. Like a signpost, the markers point toward the patient’s cancer. This process trains the immune system to fight the patient’s specific type of cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hope with the cancer vaccines that contain KLH is that one day they will be preventative, much like the vaccines for measles and polio are today,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.stellarbiotechnologies.com/about-stellar/leadership/management-team\">Catherine Brisson\u003c/a>, chief operating officer of Stellar Biotechnologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #ff8000\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"This fragile California resource could be the basis of multiple life-saving drugs\" -- Frank Oakes, CEO Stellar Biotechnologies, Inc.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>KLH-based vaccines are in phase III clinical trials, the last stage before a drug receives commercial approval from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/\">Food and Drug Administration\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other countries, including South Korea, China, and the Netherlands, have already approved KLH-based cancer vaccines. Stellar sells the purified blood protein to international companies for $50,000 per gram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But generating a steady supply of KLH is tricky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giant keyhole limpets only live off the California coast and no one knows how many exist in the wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most international pharmaceutical companies collect mollusks from the ocean, which are frozen and shipped overseas or bled to death and thrown back into the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72274\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Stellar-2014-copyright_KLH-IMG_8554-1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-72274\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Stellar-2014-copyright_KLH-IMG_8554-1-168x253.jpg\" alt=\"One gram of the snails' purified blood protein is $50,000. Photo: Stellar Biotechnologies, Inc.\" width=\"225\" height=\"339\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One gram of the snails' purified blood protein is sold to pharmaceutical companies for $50,000. Photo: Stellar Biotechnologies, Inc.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I have been working in our kelp forest since 1970 and have seen [them] become much more rare over the years,” \u003ca href=\"http://daytonlab.ucsd.edu/\">Paul Dayton\u003c/a>, a marine ecologist at \u003ca href=\"https://scripps.ucsd.edu/\">Scripps Institution of Oceanography\u003c/a>, said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the market value for the blood protein, Dayton said, “it makes sense that they might be disappearing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s important, he said, is preserving a marine habitat that is vastly under studied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do not think it is appropriate to have a commercial harvest…without first doing some research on the population biology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dayton argued for restrictions on the number of snails that can be removed, since there are no catch limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while Stellar is no longer taking limpets from the wild, it is relying on a supply that may not last if KLH-based treatments are approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Should any of these clinical trials hit the jackpot, we don’t have a huge reservoir of these animals to supply the need for further clinical trials and treatments,” said Martin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>This story was made possible, in part, by support from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ijnr.org/\">Institute for Journalism & Natural Resources\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/70177/in-rare-sea-snail-scientists-find-compound-that-could-help-cancer-patients","authors":["5432"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_12994","quest_326","quest_475","quest_12269","quest_12996","quest_2034","quest_12995","quest_13","quest_12997","quest_12992","quest_12993","quest_13365","quest_3056","quest_3071"],"featImg":"quest_72198","label":"quest"},"quest_71919":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_71919","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"71919","score":null,"sort":[1411480805000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"farmers-markets-are-good-for-communities-right","title":"Farmers' Markets Are Good for Communities ... Right?","publishDate":1411480805,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Farmers’ markets practically glow with wholesome virtue: Shop here, they promise, and you can help build a sustainable, healthy food system!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But without the data to buttress those claims, it’s hard to know whether farmers’ markets are actually meeting those goals or how they can adapt to better meet their communities’ needs. Alfonso Morales, a professor of urban planning at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, wants to help change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fueled by an \u003ca href=\"http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDocName=STELPRDC5105706\">increasing interest\u003c/a> in local food, the number of farmers’ markets in the United States has \u003ca href=\"http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/ams.fetchTemplateData.do?template=TemplateS&navID=WholesaleandFarmersMarkets&leftNav=WholesaleandFarmersMarkets&page=WFMFarmersMarketGrowth&description=Farmers%20Market%20Growth&acct=frmrdirmkt\">more than doubled\u003c/a> in the last decade. This rise in popularity has been accompanied by the implicit assumption that farmers’ markets are more sustainable than their fluorescent-lit, big-box counterparts. Their environmental advantages, advocates say, are clear. Food is transported shorter distances, which results in lower fossil fuel consumption. Farmers’ markets offer more diverse crops grown by more eco-friendly methods. Broaden the definition of sustainability to include social, health, and economic factors, and you’ll encounter claims that farmers’ markets promote healthy eating and a pedestrian culture, bring fresh produce to underserved neighborhoods, foster entrepreneurship and a diversified agricultural economy, and create a social space that builds a sense of community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72031\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/08/V3N0212_a1-e1411160441534.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-72031 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/08/V3N0212_a1-e1411160441534.jpg\" alt=\"V3N0212_a1\" width=\"640\" height=\"361\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/08/V3N0212_a1-e1411160441534.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/08/V3N0212_a1-e1411160441534-400x226.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Most people assume that farmers' markets help encourage sustainable agriculture. Morales' new project could help measure that effect. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Bill Lubing.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Farmers’ markets might very well be doing all these things, Morales says, but we don’t know, and he admits that right now there isn’t even a consensus on how to evaluate these “sustainable” activities. “But even so, we have to make a way forward. And the way we make a way forward is though measurement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those measurements are relatively easy for major supermarket chains, which have the staff and the budgets for exhaustive market research. Analyzing research data enables big retailers to respond to changing demographics and consumer preferences, ensuring that they stay relevant to the communities they serve. Farmers’ markets typically don’t have those resources. That’s where Morales’ project comes in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morales and his partners at the \u003ca href=\"http://farmersmarketcoalition.org/programs/farmers-market-metrics/\">Farmers Market Coalition\u003c/a> are working with managers at nine farmers’ markets around the country to ask, “What is it that’s relevant to them and their community?” They’ll help market managers figure out what data they need and how to collect and present it. Some of the data will help address all those assumptions about the environmental benefits of farmers’ markets, such as the average number of miles the food actually travels, the number of organically farmed acres represented at the market, and how diversified the market’s farms are. Other data will speak to a market’s impact on its community by looking at the number of small businesses started through the farmers’ market, whether it attracts foot traffic to nearby shops, and the number of vendors who are minorities or women. All this data collection will help reveal how each farmers’ market is affecting its community -- and how it could be doing better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Lubing, the manager of the Dane County Farmers’ Market in Madison, agrees that good data is essential when making decisions about how to move a market forward. “There are a lot of people with a lot of ideas,” he said, but a shortage of ways to evaluate those ideas. “More data is always better.” For example, because he ran the market’s newsletter for years before becoming manager, Lubing knows that links to recipes are very popular. Surmising that customers are sometimes stumped by the produce at the market (how do you tackle an entire stalk of \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7mu0r40oJE&list=UU2qtSbmfD1pnBNjtaQsh-8w\">Brussels sprouts\u003c/a>?), he’s published a series of basic instructional \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/lubingcreative/videos\">videos\u003c/a>, as well as more recipes. They’ve been a hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morales argues that good data can do more than improve decision making. It can also help market managers advocate for the market with local business and government. For example, if a market wants permission to open a new branch in a public park in an underserved neighborhood, data showing the amount of produce purchased with SNAP benefits can help persuade the city that it’s a worthwhile use of space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morales, who worked as a market vendor in Chicago while doing research for his dissertation, believes that professors like him have an opportunity “to really engage with the community directly, and to try to empower people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72032\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/08/V3N1547_7-5-08_a1-e1411160701534.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-72032\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/08/V3N1547_7-5-08_a1-e1411160701534.jpg\" alt=\"Shopping at a farmers' market gives consumers a closer connection to their food--which is becoming increasingly popular. Photo courtesy of Bill Lubing. \" width=\"640\" height=\"340\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/08/V3N1547_7-5-08_a1-e1411160701534.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/08/V3N1547_7-5-08_a1-e1411160701534-400x213.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shopping at a farmers' market gives consumers a closer connection to their food--which is becoming increasingly popular. Photo courtesy of Bill Lubing.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The project’s immediate focus is local: to help individual managers make decisions that work in their particular communities. But if the project takes off (and it looks like it’s going to -- dozens of markets beyond the original nine have asked to participate) it could generate enough data to start to draw conclusions about the roles of farmers’ markets in the United States as a whole. That’s exactly the kind of large-scale data needed to evaluate whether farmers’ markets are really helping create a more sustainable food system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of how they stack up environmentally, Morales believes that farmers’ markets offer something that chain supermarkets can’t: a personal connection to a farmer and to food. “A relationship matters to people,” he said. Lubing agrees. Shopping at a farmers’ market “really has an emotional buy-in factor,” where you feel like you’re cheating on your local cheese maker if you grab a block of Cheddar from the grocery store in a pinch. “And people love that, people crave that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new project at the University of Wisconsin will help farmers' markets figure out how to meet the needs of their communities. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442638638,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":982},"headData":{"title":"Farmers' Markets Are Good for Communities ... Right? | KQED","description":"A new project at the University of Wisconsin will help farmers' markets figure out how to meet the needs of their communities. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Farmers' Markets Are Good for Communities ... Right?","datePublished":"2014-09-23T14:00:05.000Z","dateModified":"2015-09-19T04:57:18.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"71919 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=71919","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/09/23/farmers-markets-are-good-for-communities-right/","disqusTitle":"Farmers' Markets Are Good for Communities ... Right?","path":"/quest/71919/farmers-markets-are-good-for-communities-right","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Farmers’ markets practically glow with wholesome virtue: Shop here, they promise, and you can help build a sustainable, healthy food system!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But without the data to buttress those claims, it’s hard to know whether farmers’ markets are actually meeting those goals or how they can adapt to better meet their communities’ needs. Alfonso Morales, a professor of urban planning at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, wants to help change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fueled by an \u003ca href=\"http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDocName=STELPRDC5105706\">increasing interest\u003c/a> in local food, the number of farmers’ markets in the United States has \u003ca href=\"http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/ams.fetchTemplateData.do?template=TemplateS&navID=WholesaleandFarmersMarkets&leftNav=WholesaleandFarmersMarkets&page=WFMFarmersMarketGrowth&description=Farmers%20Market%20Growth&acct=frmrdirmkt\">more than doubled\u003c/a> in the last decade. This rise in popularity has been accompanied by the implicit assumption that farmers’ markets are more sustainable than their fluorescent-lit, big-box counterparts. Their environmental advantages, advocates say, are clear. Food is transported shorter distances, which results in lower fossil fuel consumption. Farmers’ markets offer more diverse crops grown by more eco-friendly methods. Broaden the definition of sustainability to include social, health, and economic factors, and you’ll encounter claims that farmers’ markets promote healthy eating and a pedestrian culture, bring fresh produce to underserved neighborhoods, foster entrepreneurship and a diversified agricultural economy, and create a social space that builds a sense of community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72031\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/08/V3N0212_a1-e1411160441534.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-72031 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/08/V3N0212_a1-e1411160441534.jpg\" alt=\"V3N0212_a1\" width=\"640\" height=\"361\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/08/V3N0212_a1-e1411160441534.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/08/V3N0212_a1-e1411160441534-400x226.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Most people assume that farmers' markets help encourage sustainable agriculture. Morales' new project could help measure that effect. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Bill Lubing.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Farmers’ markets might very well be doing all these things, Morales says, but we don’t know, and he admits that right now there isn’t even a consensus on how to evaluate these “sustainable” activities. “But even so, we have to make a way forward. And the way we make a way forward is though measurement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those measurements are relatively easy for major supermarket chains, which have the staff and the budgets for exhaustive market research. Analyzing research data enables big retailers to respond to changing demographics and consumer preferences, ensuring that they stay relevant to the communities they serve. Farmers’ markets typically don’t have those resources. That’s where Morales’ project comes in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morales and his partners at the \u003ca href=\"http://farmersmarketcoalition.org/programs/farmers-market-metrics/\">Farmers Market Coalition\u003c/a> are working with managers at nine farmers’ markets around the country to ask, “What is it that’s relevant to them and their community?” They’ll help market managers figure out what data they need and how to collect and present it. Some of the data will help address all those assumptions about the environmental benefits of farmers’ markets, such as the average number of miles the food actually travels, the number of organically farmed acres represented at the market, and how diversified the market’s farms are. Other data will speak to a market’s impact on its community by looking at the number of small businesses started through the farmers’ market, whether it attracts foot traffic to nearby shops, and the number of vendors who are minorities or women. All this data collection will help reveal how each farmers’ market is affecting its community -- and how it could be doing better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Lubing, the manager of the Dane County Farmers’ Market in Madison, agrees that good data is essential when making decisions about how to move a market forward. “There are a lot of people with a lot of ideas,” he said, but a shortage of ways to evaluate those ideas. “More data is always better.” For example, because he ran the market’s newsletter for years before becoming manager, Lubing knows that links to recipes are very popular. Surmising that customers are sometimes stumped by the produce at the market (how do you tackle an entire stalk of \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7mu0r40oJE&list=UU2qtSbmfD1pnBNjtaQsh-8w\">Brussels sprouts\u003c/a>?), he’s published a series of basic instructional \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/lubingcreative/videos\">videos\u003c/a>, as well as more recipes. They’ve been a hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morales argues that good data can do more than improve decision making. It can also help market managers advocate for the market with local business and government. For example, if a market wants permission to open a new branch in a public park in an underserved neighborhood, data showing the amount of produce purchased with SNAP benefits can help persuade the city that it’s a worthwhile use of space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morales, who worked as a market vendor in Chicago while doing research for his dissertation, believes that professors like him have an opportunity “to really engage with the community directly, and to try to empower people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72032\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/08/V3N1547_7-5-08_a1-e1411160701534.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-72032\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/08/V3N1547_7-5-08_a1-e1411160701534.jpg\" alt=\"Shopping at a farmers' market gives consumers a closer connection to their food--which is becoming increasingly popular. Photo courtesy of Bill Lubing. \" width=\"640\" height=\"340\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/08/V3N1547_7-5-08_a1-e1411160701534.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/08/V3N1547_7-5-08_a1-e1411160701534-400x213.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shopping at a farmers' market gives consumers a closer connection to their food--which is becoming increasingly popular. Photo courtesy of Bill Lubing.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The project’s immediate focus is local: to help individual managers make decisions that work in their particular communities. But if the project takes off (and it looks like it’s going to -- dozens of markets beyond the original nine have asked to participate) it could generate enough data to start to draw conclusions about the roles of farmers’ markets in the United States as a whole. That’s exactly the kind of large-scale data needed to evaluate whether farmers’ markets are really helping create a more sustainable food system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of how they stack up environmentally, Morales believes that farmers’ markets offer something that chain supermarkets can’t: a personal connection to a farmer and to food. “A relationship matters to people,” he said. Lubing agrees. Shopping at a farmers’ market “really has an emotional buy-in factor,” where you feel like you’re cheating on your local cheese maker if you grab a block of Cheddar from the grocery store in a pinch. “And people love that, people crave that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/71919/farmers-markets-are-good-for-communities-right","authors":["10441"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_3229","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_12979","quest_1122","quest_12269","quest_12116","quest_12355","quest_12450","quest_13364","quest_13365"],"featImg":"quest_72030","label":"quest"},"quest_71590":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_71590","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"71590","score":null,"sort":[1408456853000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"local-farmer-sets-his-sights-on-a-new-crop-crickets","title":"Local Farmer Sets His Sights on a New Crop: Crickets","publishDate":1408456853,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>When you’re hungry, do you reach for potato chips or peanuts? What about a handful of crickets? One daring entrepreneur is bucking the “yuck” factor and opening the first U.S. farm to grow insects exclusively for human consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I went to visit this intrepid cricketeer at \u003ca href=\"http://bigcricketfarms.com/\">Big Cricket Farms\u003c/a>, located in an old warehouse in Youngstown, Ohio. It’s the perfect place to grow crickets, according to owner Kevin Bachhuber. “So these are our babies. They’re actually hardening up right now,” said Bachhuber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71831\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/bug-farm-029.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71831 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/bug-farm-029-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"bug farm 029\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Owner Kevin Bachhuber points to the tubs that house the young crickets.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The crickets live in big, black square tents that sit right on the warehouse floor. Inside the tents are bright lights, an interior like tin foil, and stacks of Rubbermaid tubs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71833\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 202px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/bug-farm-013.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71833 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/bug-farm-013-202x360.jpg\" alt=\"bug farm 013\" width=\"202\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The crickets live in tightly-sealed tents within an old Ohio warehouse.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Crack a lid on one of those tubs and you’ll find cricket city. “There are little cricket high-rises made out of egg carton. If you look here, the little tiny grains of rice things -- wow, there’s a lot of them -- are the eggs,” said Bachhuber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These guys munch on organic chicken feed and mature rapidly, within two months. While some of these crickets will be sold whole at local farmers’ markets, most will be ground up and made into “cricket flour,” a nutrient-dense product that can be used in baked goods. Bachhuber says they’re in talks with energy bar companies as well as chip and cookie manufacturers who are interested in buying cricket flour in volume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could be because insects are such a rich source of protein and minerals. They’re commonly used in zoo and pet food. In other countries, people have been eating bugs for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here, though, there’s the cultural “yuck” factor to contend with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I said the word ‘insect’ to the average person on the street, immediately they’ll think of a cockroach,” said Sonny Ramaswamy, the director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture within the USDA. “So there is that sort of a creepy-crawly-hairy-cockroachy type of a mental image that’s created…so that’s one thing that you’ve got to overcome,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71834\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/bug-farm-016.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71834 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/bug-farm-016-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"bug farm 016\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Egg cartons are like \"cricket high rises\" says Bachhuber. The insects munch on organic chicken feed.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And there’s good reason to make the critters more approachable to Western palates, says Ramaswamy, who, by the way, cooks up curried crickets for DC crowds whenever he gets the chance. In addition to their high protein content and rapid reproduction rate, “their ecological footprint is pretty significantly lower than other things. They use a lot less resources -- the amount of energy needed, the amount of water needed, the amount of land needed, and things like that,” he said. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">To produce a pound of crickets requires one gallon of water and two pounds of feed, says Bachhuber. The same amount of beef requires anywhere from 400 to 2,000 gallons of water and 25 pounds of feed. “They are marvelously efficient little digesters, and growers,” said Bachhuber.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>To produce a pound of crickets requires one gallon of water and two pounds of feed, says Bachhuber. The same amount of beef requires anywhere from 400 to 2,000 gallons of water and 25 pounds of feed. “They are marvelously efficient little digesters, and growers,” said Bachhuber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing crickets, or any insect for that matter, is uncharted water for regulatory agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Insect farms are new,” said Ashley McDonald with the Ohio Department of Agriculture. “They would be new to us. And we don’t regulate them at this time,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McDonald says they do regulate food processors, and so in that sense the operation would be treated like any other food facility when it comes to good practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Big Cricket Farms, Bachhuber takes food safety to the point of self-described paranoia. “These guys should be clean and safe. We don’t want to destroy our industry before it starts or anything,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They welcome inspectors and want their operation to be a model for other startup insect farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA is working on insect-specific regulations, but they aren’t finished yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for when you can expect to see cricket on the menu or in your protein bar, it might not be that far off. Big Cricket Farms will debut their product this August.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Insect protein is all the buzz lately, and for good reason -- it doesn’t require many resources to produce. Now one urban farmer in Ohio wants to cash in on that trend.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450495253,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":786},"headData":{"title":"Local Farmer Sets His Sights on a New Crop: Crickets | KQED","description":"Insect protein is all the buzz lately, and for good reason -- it doesn’t require many resources to produce. Now one urban farmer in Ohio wants to cash in on that trend.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Local Farmer Sets His Sights on a New Crop: Crickets","datePublished":"2014-08-19T14:00:53.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-19T03:20:53.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"71590 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=71590","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/08/19/local-farmer-sets-his-sights-on-a-new-crop-crickets/","disqusTitle":"Local Farmer Sets His Sights on a New Crop: Crickets","source":"Food","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/food/","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Crickets/bugsquestmp3.mp3","path":"/quest/71590/local-farmer-sets-his-sights-on-a-new-crop-crickets","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When you’re hungry, do you reach for potato chips or peanuts? What about a handful of crickets? One daring entrepreneur is bucking the “yuck” factor and opening the first U.S. farm to grow insects exclusively for human consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I went to visit this intrepid cricketeer at \u003ca href=\"http://bigcricketfarms.com/\">Big Cricket Farms\u003c/a>, located in an old warehouse in Youngstown, Ohio. It’s the perfect place to grow crickets, according to owner Kevin Bachhuber. “So these are our babies. They’re actually hardening up right now,” said Bachhuber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71831\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/bug-farm-029.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71831 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/bug-farm-029-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"bug farm 029\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Owner Kevin Bachhuber points to the tubs that house the young crickets.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The crickets live in big, black square tents that sit right on the warehouse floor. Inside the tents are bright lights, an interior like tin foil, and stacks of Rubbermaid tubs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71833\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 202px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/bug-farm-013.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71833 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/bug-farm-013-202x360.jpg\" alt=\"bug farm 013\" width=\"202\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The crickets live in tightly-sealed tents within an old Ohio warehouse.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Crack a lid on one of those tubs and you’ll find cricket city. “There are little cricket high-rises made out of egg carton. If you look here, the little tiny grains of rice things -- wow, there’s a lot of them -- are the eggs,” said Bachhuber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These guys munch on organic chicken feed and mature rapidly, within two months. While some of these crickets will be sold whole at local farmers’ markets, most will be ground up and made into “cricket flour,” a nutrient-dense product that can be used in baked goods. Bachhuber says they’re in talks with energy bar companies as well as chip and cookie manufacturers who are interested in buying cricket flour in volume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could be because insects are such a rich source of protein and minerals. They’re commonly used in zoo and pet food. In other countries, people have been eating bugs for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here, though, there’s the cultural “yuck” factor to contend with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I said the word ‘insect’ to the average person on the street, immediately they’ll think of a cockroach,” said Sonny Ramaswamy, the director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture within the USDA. “So there is that sort of a creepy-crawly-hairy-cockroachy type of a mental image that’s created…so that’s one thing that you’ve got to overcome,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71834\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/bug-farm-016.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71834 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/bug-farm-016-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"bug farm 016\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Egg cartons are like \"cricket high rises\" says Bachhuber. The insects munch on organic chicken feed.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And there’s good reason to make the critters more approachable to Western palates, says Ramaswamy, who, by the way, cooks up curried crickets for DC crowds whenever he gets the chance. In addition to their high protein content and rapid reproduction rate, “their ecological footprint is pretty significantly lower than other things. They use a lot less resources -- the amount of energy needed, the amount of water needed, the amount of land needed, and things like that,” he said. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">To produce a pound of crickets requires one gallon of water and two pounds of feed, says Bachhuber. The same amount of beef requires anywhere from 400 to 2,000 gallons of water and 25 pounds of feed. “They are marvelously efficient little digesters, and growers,” said Bachhuber.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>To produce a pound of crickets requires one gallon of water and two pounds of feed, says Bachhuber. The same amount of beef requires anywhere from 400 to 2,000 gallons of water and 25 pounds of feed. “They are marvelously efficient little digesters, and growers,” said Bachhuber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing crickets, or any insect for that matter, is uncharted water for regulatory agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Insect farms are new,” said Ashley McDonald with the Ohio Department of Agriculture. “They would be new to us. And we don’t regulate them at this time,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McDonald says they do regulate food processors, and so in that sense the operation would be treated like any other food facility when it comes to good practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Big Cricket Farms, Bachhuber takes food safety to the point of self-described paranoia. “These guys should be clean and safe. We don’t want to destroy our industry before it starts or anything,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They welcome inspectors and want their operation to be a model for other startup insect farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA is working on insect-specific regulations, but they aren’t finished yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for when you can expect to see cricket on the menu or in your protein bar, it might not be that far off. Big Cricket Farms will debut their product this August.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/71590/local-farmer-sets-his-sights-on-a-new-crop-crickets","authors":["10270"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_3229","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_12962","quest_12964","quest_10606","quest_10603","quest_12269","quest_10327","quest_12963","quest_12961","quest_2349","quest_10429","quest_13364","quest_13365","quest_3042","quest_12212","quest_12295","quest_12960"],"featImg":"quest_71830","label":"source_quest_71590"},"quest_70873":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_70873","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"70873","score":null,"sort":[1408024800000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"5-things-everyone-should-know-about-washing-food","title":"5 Things Everyone Should Know About Washing Food","publishDate":1408024800,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Everybody eats, and no one wants to eat something that could make you sick. But there’s a lot of misinformation out there about how and whether you should wash your food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Food safety is an important issue. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that each year \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/foodborneburden/\" target=\"_blank\">one in six people\u003c/a> in the United States will get sick because of food-borne illness. And risks can be increased or decreased at every point between the farm and your fork. Yes, you want to make sure to cook your food \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodsafety.gov/keep/charts/mintemp.html\" target=\"_blank\">to the appropriate temperature\u003c/a>, but here are some other tips to help you make good decisions in the kitchen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/washing2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71229\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/washing2-281x169.jpg\" alt=\"washing2\" width=\"166\" height=\"100\">\u003c/a>1. Don’t Wash Meat\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSome people think that you’re supposed to wash chicken, turkey, or other meats before cooking. Those people are wrong. “Research shows that washing meat can spread dangerous bacteria around your kitchen or food preparation area,” said Ben Chapman, a food safety researcher at North Carolina State University. “And washing poultry under running water can spray surface contamination up to three feet away. We cook meat to make it safer; washing meat can only make a meal riskier.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Pathogens-composite.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71226\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Pathogens-composite-202x169.jpg\" alt=\"Pathogens composite\" width=\"162\" height=\"135\">\u003c/a>2. Washing Fruits and Veggies Only Removes up to 99 Percent of Pathogens\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“That seems good, but it’s not great,” Chapman said. By comparison, cooking food can cut the number of bacteria or other microbial pathogens by 99.9999 percent. And that 0.9999 percent difference can be important. If a food is contaminated by thousands of microbes, washing off 99 percent means that dozens will be left behind -- and that’s enough to make you sick. That is why people who are immunocompromised, such as some chemotherapy patients, are often discouraged from eating raw fruits and vegetables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/soap.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71228\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/soap-231x253.jpg\" alt=\"soap\" width=\"162\" height=\"177\">\u003c/a>3. Don’t Use Soap\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Although washing has its limitations, vigorously rinsing produce under running water is the most effective way to remove the microbes that cause foodborne illnesses,” Chapman said. You don’t need to use soap or special cleaning solutions. In fact, using soap can actually introduce additional risk, because soaps may contain chemicals that aren’t intended for human consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/pesticides2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71234\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/pesticides2-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"pesticides2\" width=\"162\" height=\"91\">\u003c/a>4. You Can’t Get All the Pesticides Off Your Food (but Don’t Panic)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSome minute traces of pesticide will probably be on -- or in -- your fruits or vegetables when you eat them. “But being able to detect a pesticide doesn’t mean that it’s a public health problem,” said Chris Gunter, a researcher at NC State who studies vegetable agriculture. That’s because, after using a pesticide, farmers are required to wait for a specific period of time before harvesting (it’s called a “pre-harvest interval”). During that time, the pesticide breaks down or washes off, meaning any residual pesticide meets \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/factsheets/stprf.htm\" target=\"_blank\">EPA’s human health requirements\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/organic-food-wash.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71225\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/organic-food-wash-239x169.jpg\" alt=\"organic food wash\" width=\"162\" height=\"115\">\u003c/a>5. Even Organic Food Can Use a Rinse\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nJust because produce is labeled “organic” doesn’t mean that it’s somehow immune to microbial contamination. Organic farmers usually grow their fruits and vegetables in open fields, just like conventional farmers, and are subject to some of the same risks, such as fecal contamination from wildlife (that is, poop can still get on the food).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any time you’re going to eat fresh produce you should rinse it off, if for no other reason than to rinse off dirt,” said Don Schaffner, a food safety researcher at Rutgers. “And rinsing off produce may offer some risk reduction in terms of microbial pathogens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bonus: Don’t Wash Pre-Washed Veggies\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIf you’ve bought salad mix that is labeled as “pre-washed,” you really don’t need to wash it again, Schaffner said. In fact, you probably shouldn’t wash it again. “An expert panel \u003ca href=\"http://ucce.ucdavis.edu/files/datastore/234-851.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">reported in 2007\u003c/a> that consumers who wash these salads again won’t reduce the risk,” Schaffner said, “and may actually create a risk of cross-contamination” where pathogens from other foods get onto the salad. In this case, being lazy is a virtue.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Why washing your food is not always the best approach.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442640884,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":731},"headData":{"title":"5 Things Everyone Should Know About Washing Food | KQED","description":"Why washing your food is not always the best approach.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"5 Things Everyone Should Know About Washing Food","datePublished":"2014-08-14T14:00:00.000Z","dateModified":"2015-09-19T05:34:44.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"70873 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=70873","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/08/14/5-things-everyone-should-know-about-washing-food/","disqusTitle":"5 Things Everyone Should Know About Washing Food","source":"Health","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/health/","path":"/quest/70873/5-things-everyone-should-know-about-washing-food","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Everybody eats, and no one wants to eat something that could make you sick. But there’s a lot of misinformation out there about how and whether you should wash your food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Food safety is an important issue. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that each year \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/foodborneburden/\" target=\"_blank\">one in six people\u003c/a> in the United States will get sick because of food-borne illness. And risks can be increased or decreased at every point between the farm and your fork. Yes, you want to make sure to cook your food \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodsafety.gov/keep/charts/mintemp.html\" target=\"_blank\">to the appropriate temperature\u003c/a>, but here are some other tips to help you make good decisions in the kitchen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/washing2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71229\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/washing2-281x169.jpg\" alt=\"washing2\" width=\"166\" height=\"100\">\u003c/a>1. Don’t Wash Meat\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSome people think that you’re supposed to wash chicken, turkey, or other meats before cooking. Those people are wrong. “Research shows that washing meat can spread dangerous bacteria around your kitchen or food preparation area,” said Ben Chapman, a food safety researcher at North Carolina State University. “And washing poultry under running water can spray surface contamination up to three feet away. We cook meat to make it safer; washing meat can only make a meal riskier.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Pathogens-composite.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71226\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Pathogens-composite-202x169.jpg\" alt=\"Pathogens composite\" width=\"162\" height=\"135\">\u003c/a>2. Washing Fruits and Veggies Only Removes up to 99 Percent of Pathogens\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“That seems good, but it’s not great,” Chapman said. By comparison, cooking food can cut the number of bacteria or other microbial pathogens by 99.9999 percent. And that 0.9999 percent difference can be important. If a food is contaminated by thousands of microbes, washing off 99 percent means that dozens will be left behind -- and that’s enough to make you sick. That is why people who are immunocompromised, such as some chemotherapy patients, are often discouraged from eating raw fruits and vegetables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/soap.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71228\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/soap-231x253.jpg\" alt=\"soap\" width=\"162\" height=\"177\">\u003c/a>3. Don’t Use Soap\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Although washing has its limitations, vigorously rinsing produce under running water is the most effective way to remove the microbes that cause foodborne illnesses,” Chapman said. You don’t need to use soap or special cleaning solutions. In fact, using soap can actually introduce additional risk, because soaps may contain chemicals that aren’t intended for human consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/pesticides2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71234\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/pesticides2-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"pesticides2\" width=\"162\" height=\"91\">\u003c/a>4. You Can’t Get All the Pesticides Off Your Food (but Don’t Panic)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSome minute traces of pesticide will probably be on -- or in -- your fruits or vegetables when you eat them. “But being able to detect a pesticide doesn’t mean that it’s a public health problem,” said Chris Gunter, a researcher at NC State who studies vegetable agriculture. That’s because, after using a pesticide, farmers are required to wait for a specific period of time before harvesting (it’s called a “pre-harvest interval”). During that time, the pesticide breaks down or washes off, meaning any residual pesticide meets \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/factsheets/stprf.htm\" target=\"_blank\">EPA’s human health requirements\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/organic-food-wash.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71225\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/organic-food-wash-239x169.jpg\" alt=\"organic food wash\" width=\"162\" height=\"115\">\u003c/a>5. Even Organic Food Can Use a Rinse\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nJust because produce is labeled “organic” doesn’t mean that it’s somehow immune to microbial contamination. Organic farmers usually grow their fruits and vegetables in open fields, just like conventional farmers, and are subject to some of the same risks, such as fecal contamination from wildlife (that is, poop can still get on the food).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any time you’re going to eat fresh produce you should rinse it off, if for no other reason than to rinse off dirt,” said Don Schaffner, a food safety researcher at Rutgers. “And rinsing off produce may offer some risk reduction in terms of microbial pathogens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bonus: Don’t Wash Pre-Washed Veggies\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIf you’ve bought salad mix that is labeled as “pre-washed,” you really don’t need to wash it again, Schaffner said. In fact, you probably shouldn’t wash it again. “An expert panel \u003ca href=\"http://ucce.ucdavis.edu/files/datastore/234-851.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">reported in 2007\u003c/a> that consumers who wash these salads again won’t reduce the risk,” Schaffner said, “and may actually create a risk of cross-contamination” where pathogens from other foods get onto the salad. In this case, being lazy is a virtue.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/70873/5-things-everyone-should-know-about-washing-food","authors":["10464"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_3229","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_521","quest_1122","quest_12885","quest_12269","quest_1779","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_10427","quest_13364","quest_13365","quest_10363","quest_10303","quest_12883","quest_12884"],"featImg":"quest_70967","label":"source_quest_70873"},"quest_70972":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_70972","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"70972","score":null,"sort":[1404828012000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"my-wild-tech-free-american-summer","title":"My Wild Tech-Free American Summer","publishDate":1404828012,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>I’m 50 feet from the entrance to an \u003ca href=\"http://campgrounded.org/\">adult summer camp\u003c/a> in Northern California and “Honey Bear,” a short, bearded man with a long blond wig, is giving me a hug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s stop and take a moment to appreciate where we are,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Light flickers through the redwoods, blue Steller’s jays squawk and everyone smells like a sweet chemical mixture of sunscreen and bug spray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71388\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 342px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4092_ScreenRes1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-71388\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4092_ScreenRes1-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"Campers arrive on a big yellow school bus. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson. Campers arrive on a big yellow school bus. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson. \" width=\"342\" height=\"228\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Campers arrive on a big yellow school bus. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Four other campers have just arrived and I start clicking photos with my iPhone. As a tech junkie, I’ve come to rely on my phone to feel connected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m online from the moment I wake up until the moment I go to sleep -- sending emails, writing blog posts, crafting tweets, texting, making phone calls, and posting to Instagram. Being a multimedia producer means constant multitasking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time I picked up a real book I couldn’t concentrate. I kept wondering if there were new comments on my Facebook page or likes on my latest Instagram post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/nature-deficit-disorder/\">Nature Deficit Disorder\u003c/a>, a term journalist Richard Louv coined in 2006 to describe children who have a lack of exposure to the outdoors, should be listed in my medical chart. As I sit in a fluorescent-lit, windowless office I lose all touch with the outside world. At the end of the day, I stumble out of the building like a Vegas gambler, not knowing what time it is or where the past 13 hours went.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71401\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 341px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/photo-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71401\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/photo-2-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"photo (2)\" width=\"341\" height=\"256\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One counselor sports a watch reminding him to live in the moment.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As I snap more photos, Honey Bear ties a “pause button” -- a plastic button with twine -- around my wrist as a reminder to slow down. His watch is covered with two strips of masking tape and the words “right meow” scrawled on top. I snap a photo and then -- my phone dies. I freak out and realize this is exactly why I’m here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://campgrounded.org/\">Camp Grounded\u003c/a> is a four-day adult summer camp in Navarro, California, where tech-addicted urbanites go to unplug. Founder Levi Felix started the camp last summer to help people “shake free of the city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The average American spends half of their waking life on a screen and we need to give ourselves permission to unplug,” Felix said. “Being in nature and dancing and making art and sharing hugs can’t be replaced by a screen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71393\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 326px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4831_ScreenRes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71393 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4831_ScreenRes-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"2014Jun13_IMG_4831_ScreenRes\" width=\"326\" height=\"217\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Campers imitate zombies as they walk toward the dining hall. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As one of many events put on by \u003ca href=\"http://thedigitaldetox.org/\">Digital Detox\u003c/a>, an Oakland-based company, it has attracted more than 200 campers per session for three consecutive weekends in June. For $340 to $570, depending on the availability of scholarships and the time of registration, campers get meals, lodging, and unlimited access to daily activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The slogan “Disconnect to reconnect” is uttered everywhere at camp and is even printed on a wooden signpost near the dining hall. And the camp rules were simple: no talking about work, your age, your real name, and absolutely no digital devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was during the mandatory digital inspection that I became increasingly uncomfortable with this idea. On the concrete porch of the dining hall, I stepped into the middle of a hula hoop and two counselors, “Condor” and “Golden Bird” lifted it to my waist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71382\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 240px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun06_IMG_9075_ScreenRes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-71382\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun06_IMG_9075_ScreenRes-240x360.jpg\" alt=\"A counselor in a hazmat suit ready to search campers for digital devices. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\" width=\"240\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A counselor in a hazmat suit ready to search campers for digital devices. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Contaminated, contaminated,” they said in robotic voices. Both were wearing white plastic hazmat suits and goggles. I clutched my phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They set down the hula hoop and opened two double doors that led down a long hallway filled with fog machine “smoke.” Someone at the end of the hallway was playing a ukulele.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the walls were stats about Americans’ addiction to their digital devices. “One-third of people would rather clean toilets than their inbox,” and, “25% of people have taken a phone call during sex.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your devices?” asked a woman behind a counter halfway down the hallway. She held out a large brown paper bag. I inspected my phone the way a mother would inspect her child and then I dropped it in the bag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“OK, you’re all set,” she said after taking down my name. I walked toward the end of the hall, through open doors, and into the sunlight. On a grassy field surrounded by redwood trees, campers were throwing Frisbees, playing guitars, sporting face paint, consuming free milk and cookies from the welcome table, and embracing each other. That’s the thing about this camp -- everyone wants to give you a hug. And they really mean it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71409\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 356px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun14_IMG_5955_ScreenRes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71409\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun14_IMG_5955_ScreenRes-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"2014Jun14_IMG_5955_ScreenRes\" width=\"356\" height=\"237\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At the archery range, Camp Grounded taps into the nostalgia of summer sleep-away camps. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the next three days I went rock climbing, forded a river, shot a bow and arrow, sang camp songs and learned to build a fire. I drank five-dollar kombucha on tap from the canteen, scrawled my fears on a sheet of paper and burned them in the camp fire, and completely stopped “shexting” -- texting while…using the restroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And on an afternoon walk back from archery I struck up a conversation with a stranger, something I’m too harried to do back home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How did you come up with the name ‘Whisker’?” I asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m sort of a personal chef,” he said. “I kill it in the omelet department.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ah, so ‘whisker’ like a cooking utensil, not like a cat?” He put one finger on his nose and pointed at me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How did you get the name ‘Tickle’?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought it would make people laugh,” I said. “And come on, who doesn’t like a tickle?” He smiled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We walked in silence for a moment. You could hear the wind in the trees and the sound of a bird’s wings flapping. Somewhere back on main campus a piano was playing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can I hold your hand?” he asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71412\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 368px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun15_IMG_7001_ScreenRes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-71412\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun15_IMG_7001_ScreenRes-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"Campers spit colors during the much-anticipated all-camp color war competition. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\" width=\"368\" height=\"245\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Campers spit colors during the much-anticipated all-camp color war competition. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What? Why?” I said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s on the list of things to do in the field guide.” We’d all been issued pocket-size books with suggested activities. Not wanting to ruin the spirit of camp I relented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“OK,” I said. And he reached over and took my hand. For five minutes we walked without speaking across a dirt path back onto the main field, losing track of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And I realized Camp Grounded is either the apotheosis of summer camp or the complete upending of it. With no schedules or clocks and absolutely no agenda, campers are encouraged to do “what feels right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than once I heard the adage, “Wherever you go is where you’re supposed to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naturally, such a willy-nilly approach to structure made many campers manic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have serious ADHD,” a woman named “Conversational Vocabulary” told our cabin group on the first day. “I need to know what is going on!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My bunk mate, a sarcastic New Yorker named “Goldie,” saw the rules as malleable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71387\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 240px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4081_ScreenRes1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71387 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4081_ScreenRes1-240x360.jpg\" alt=\"2014Jun13_IMG_4081_ScreenRes\" width=\"240\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reminders to slow down dot the redwoods. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What could they say if I just asked for my phone back?” Goldie asked. “I mean, they can’t deny me my own phone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later that afternoon, “Coyote,” a moccasin-clad camper from San Francisco had a minor freak out when she realized she’d missed the morning polar bear dip in the creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What? I didn’t even know that was happening! I’m having major \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/work-in-progress/2014/03/27/do-you-have-fomo-fear-of-missing-out/\">F.O.M.O. \u003c/a>right now,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>F.O.M.O. was the language we’d learned in our former lives -- Fear of Missing Out. Fear of missing something bigger, better, more interesting. The realization that when your options are limitless, your choice may be the wrong one. But at camp, there were no wrong choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can sign up for an activity and attend a different one instead,” “Dilly,” our counselor, told us. “Or not go at all. Whatever you choose is the right decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I took this as a sign to sleep in, flit from one activity to the next and not freak out when the survival class I’d signed up for turned into a semi-nude afternoon in a sweat lodge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And do we need such a radical shift to shed our former selves? New names and the virtual erasure of our ages and jobs to simply engage with others? What does it mean that Nature Deficit Disorder is a recognized condition? Do we need four-day immersions to teach us how to play again? Would life be better everywhere if the motto was simply, “Welcome -- free hugs and take a cookie”?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t know. But for the five minutes that I was holding hands with someone I’d just met, I didn’t need a machine to feel connected.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"At Camp Grounded, urbanites shed devices to reconnect with nature. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442675851,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":45,"wordCount":1619},"headData":{"title":"My Wild Tech-Free American Summer | KQED","description":"At Camp Grounded, urbanites shed devices to reconnect with nature. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"My Wild Tech-Free American Summer","datePublished":"2014-07-08T14:00:12.000Z","dateModified":"2015-09-19T15:17:31.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"70972 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=70972","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/07/08/my-wild-tech-free-american-summer/","disqusTitle":"My Wild Tech-Free American Summer","path":"/quest/70972/my-wild-tech-free-american-summer","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>I’m 50 feet from the entrance to an \u003ca href=\"http://campgrounded.org/\">adult summer camp\u003c/a> in Northern California and “Honey Bear,” a short, bearded man with a long blond wig, is giving me a hug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s stop and take a moment to appreciate where we are,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Light flickers through the redwoods, blue Steller’s jays squawk and everyone smells like a sweet chemical mixture of sunscreen and bug spray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71388\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 342px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4092_ScreenRes1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-71388\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4092_ScreenRes1-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"Campers arrive on a big yellow school bus. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson. Campers arrive on a big yellow school bus. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson. \" width=\"342\" height=\"228\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Campers arrive on a big yellow school bus. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Four other campers have just arrived and I start clicking photos with my iPhone. As a tech junkie, I’ve come to rely on my phone to feel connected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m online from the moment I wake up until the moment I go to sleep -- sending emails, writing blog posts, crafting tweets, texting, making phone calls, and posting to Instagram. Being a multimedia producer means constant multitasking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time I picked up a real book I couldn’t concentrate. I kept wondering if there were new comments on my Facebook page or likes on my latest Instagram post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/nature-deficit-disorder/\">Nature Deficit Disorder\u003c/a>, a term journalist Richard Louv coined in 2006 to describe children who have a lack of exposure to the outdoors, should be listed in my medical chart. As I sit in a fluorescent-lit, windowless office I lose all touch with the outside world. At the end of the day, I stumble out of the building like a Vegas gambler, not knowing what time it is or where the past 13 hours went.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71401\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 341px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/photo-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71401\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/photo-2-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"photo (2)\" width=\"341\" height=\"256\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One counselor sports a watch reminding him to live in the moment.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As I snap more photos, Honey Bear ties a “pause button” -- a plastic button with twine -- around my wrist as a reminder to slow down. His watch is covered with two strips of masking tape and the words “right meow” scrawled on top. I snap a photo and then -- my phone dies. I freak out and realize this is exactly why I’m here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://campgrounded.org/\">Camp Grounded\u003c/a> is a four-day adult summer camp in Navarro, California, where tech-addicted urbanites go to unplug. Founder Levi Felix started the camp last summer to help people “shake free of the city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The average American spends half of their waking life on a screen and we need to give ourselves permission to unplug,” Felix said. “Being in nature and dancing and making art and sharing hugs can’t be replaced by a screen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71393\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 326px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4831_ScreenRes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71393 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4831_ScreenRes-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"2014Jun13_IMG_4831_ScreenRes\" width=\"326\" height=\"217\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Campers imitate zombies as they walk toward the dining hall. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As one of many events put on by \u003ca href=\"http://thedigitaldetox.org/\">Digital Detox\u003c/a>, an Oakland-based company, it has attracted more than 200 campers per session for three consecutive weekends in June. For $340 to $570, depending on the availability of scholarships and the time of registration, campers get meals, lodging, and unlimited access to daily activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The slogan “Disconnect to reconnect” is uttered everywhere at camp and is even printed on a wooden signpost near the dining hall. And the camp rules were simple: no talking about work, your age, your real name, and absolutely no digital devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was during the mandatory digital inspection that I became increasingly uncomfortable with this idea. On the concrete porch of the dining hall, I stepped into the middle of a hula hoop and two counselors, “Condor” and “Golden Bird” lifted it to my waist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71382\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 240px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun06_IMG_9075_ScreenRes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-71382\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun06_IMG_9075_ScreenRes-240x360.jpg\" alt=\"A counselor in a hazmat suit ready to search campers for digital devices. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\" width=\"240\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A counselor in a hazmat suit ready to search campers for digital devices. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Contaminated, contaminated,” they said in robotic voices. Both were wearing white plastic hazmat suits and goggles. I clutched my phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They set down the hula hoop and opened two double doors that led down a long hallway filled with fog machine “smoke.” Someone at the end of the hallway was playing a ukulele.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the walls were stats about Americans’ addiction to their digital devices. “One-third of people would rather clean toilets than their inbox,” and, “25% of people have taken a phone call during sex.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your devices?” asked a woman behind a counter halfway down the hallway. She held out a large brown paper bag. I inspected my phone the way a mother would inspect her child and then I dropped it in the bag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“OK, you’re all set,” she said after taking down my name. I walked toward the end of the hall, through open doors, and into the sunlight. On a grassy field surrounded by redwood trees, campers were throwing Frisbees, playing guitars, sporting face paint, consuming free milk and cookies from the welcome table, and embracing each other. That’s the thing about this camp -- everyone wants to give you a hug. And they really mean it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71409\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 356px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun14_IMG_5955_ScreenRes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71409\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun14_IMG_5955_ScreenRes-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"2014Jun14_IMG_5955_ScreenRes\" width=\"356\" height=\"237\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At the archery range, Camp Grounded taps into the nostalgia of summer sleep-away camps. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the next three days I went rock climbing, forded a river, shot a bow and arrow, sang camp songs and learned to build a fire. I drank five-dollar kombucha on tap from the canteen, scrawled my fears on a sheet of paper and burned them in the camp fire, and completely stopped “shexting” -- texting while…using the restroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And on an afternoon walk back from archery I struck up a conversation with a stranger, something I’m too harried to do back home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How did you come up with the name ‘Whisker’?” I asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m sort of a personal chef,” he said. “I kill it in the omelet department.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ah, so ‘whisker’ like a cooking utensil, not like a cat?” He put one finger on his nose and pointed at me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How did you get the name ‘Tickle’?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought it would make people laugh,” I said. “And come on, who doesn’t like a tickle?” He smiled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We walked in silence for a moment. You could hear the wind in the trees and the sound of a bird’s wings flapping. Somewhere back on main campus a piano was playing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can I hold your hand?” he asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71412\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 368px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun15_IMG_7001_ScreenRes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-71412\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun15_IMG_7001_ScreenRes-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"Campers spit colors during the much-anticipated all-camp color war competition. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\" width=\"368\" height=\"245\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Campers spit colors during the much-anticipated all-camp color war competition. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What? Why?” I said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s on the list of things to do in the field guide.” We’d all been issued pocket-size books with suggested activities. Not wanting to ruin the spirit of camp I relented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“OK,” I said. And he reached over and took my hand. For five minutes we walked without speaking across a dirt path back onto the main field, losing track of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And I realized Camp Grounded is either the apotheosis of summer camp or the complete upending of it. With no schedules or clocks and absolutely no agenda, campers are encouraged to do “what feels right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than once I heard the adage, “Wherever you go is where you’re supposed to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naturally, such a willy-nilly approach to structure made many campers manic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have serious ADHD,” a woman named “Conversational Vocabulary” told our cabin group on the first day. “I need to know what is going on!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My bunk mate, a sarcastic New Yorker named “Goldie,” saw the rules as malleable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71387\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 240px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4081_ScreenRes1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71387 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4081_ScreenRes1-240x360.jpg\" alt=\"2014Jun13_IMG_4081_ScreenRes\" width=\"240\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reminders to slow down dot the redwoods. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What could they say if I just asked for my phone back?” Goldie asked. “I mean, they can’t deny me my own phone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later that afternoon, “Coyote,” a moccasin-clad camper from San Francisco had a minor freak out when she realized she’d missed the morning polar bear dip in the creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What? I didn’t even know that was happening! I’m having major \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/work-in-progress/2014/03/27/do-you-have-fomo-fear-of-missing-out/\">F.O.M.O. \u003c/a>right now,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>F.O.M.O. was the language we’d learned in our former lives -- Fear of Missing Out. Fear of missing something bigger, better, more interesting. The realization that when your options are limitless, your choice may be the wrong one. But at camp, there were no wrong choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can sign up for an activity and attend a different one instead,” “Dilly,” our counselor, told us. “Or not go at all. Whatever you choose is the right decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I took this as a sign to sleep in, flit from one activity to the next and not freak out when the survival class I’d signed up for turned into a semi-nude afternoon in a sweat lodge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And do we need such a radical shift to shed our former selves? New names and the virtual erasure of our ages and jobs to simply engage with others? What does it mean that Nature Deficit Disorder is a recognized condition? Do we need four-day immersions to teach us how to play again? Would life be better everywhere if the motto was simply, “Welcome -- free hugs and take a cookie”?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t know. But for the five minutes that I was holding hands with someone I’d just met, I didn’t need a machine to feel connected.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/70972/my-wild-tech-free-american-summer","authors":["5432"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_12916","quest_12917","quest_12269","quest_1945","quest_13","quest_13365"],"featImg":"quest_71366","label":"quest"},"quest_66291":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_66291","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"66291","score":null,"sort":[1401199221000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"sweet-and-deadly-bat-borne-virus-brews-in-bangladeshs-date-palm-pots","title":"Sweet and Deadly: Bat-Borne Virus Brews in Bangladesh’s Date Palm Pots","publishDate":1401199221,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>New \u003ca href=\"http://www.news.wisc.edu/22356\">research\u003c/a> from the University of Wisconsin suggests that deforestation is promoting the spread of a disease called Nipah virus in Bangladesh. The virus has no cure, no vaccine -- and a mortality rate of more than 70 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Nipah virus first appeared in Malaysia in 1998, epidemiologists traced it back to Indian flying foxes -- giant fruit bats that are widespread in South Asia. In \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/bodyhorrors/2013/04/30/climatic-ori-nipah-virus/#.U3Y4gcYhsnA\">Malaysia\u003c/a> the bats infected domesticated pigs, which in turn infected their farmers. But the latest outbreaks have been in Bangladesh, where pigs are rare. A 2006 \u003ca href=\"http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/12/pdfs/06-0732.pdf\">study\u003c/a> by the CDC and other groups concluded that the Bangladesh outbreaks were caused by drinking contaminated date palm sap, a sugary syrup humans and bats both love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70513\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 270px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_5914.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70513 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_5914-270x360.jpg\" alt=\"Sap collectors slice into date palm trees with machetes, then hang clay pots to catch the sweet syrup that drips out. Bats drinking from the pot can contaminate the sap with Nipah virus. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\" width=\"270\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sap collectors slice into date palm trees with machetes, then hang clay pots to catch the sweet syrup that drips out. Bats drinking from the pots can contaminate the sap with Nipah virus. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Date palm sap is collected from tree trunks, like maple syrup: collectors tap the trees with machetes and let the syrup run into clay pots overnight. During the night, when the bats are out foraging, they find these pots, drink from them, and sometimes leave behind the Nipah virus in their saliva, urine, or feces. Cooking or fermenting the sap could destroy the virus, but in Bangladesh the sap is commonly sold raw at street markets, a practice the government \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/22/health/22global.html?_r=0\">banned\u003c/a> after a 2011 outbreak that killed 21 children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That law isn't enforced, though, especially in rural areas, and the sale of raw sap continues. The Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control, and Research in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, \u003ca href=\"http://www.iedcr.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=106\">reported\u003c/a> 18 more cases before February 11 of this year. Patients usually show up with a fever, headache, and neurological symptoms like confusion and seizures. There isn’t much doctors can do beyond keeping them comfortable and helping them breathe once the disease spreads to their lungs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Understanding which villages are most vulnerable to Nipah would facilitate more targeted prevention efforts, but the virus' geographic distribution was puzzling. Outbreaks seemed to be clustered around a strip of territory in central and northwestern Bangladesh that’s come to be called the “\u003ca href=\"http://www.icddrb.org/media-centre/news/1996-dealing-with-nipah-virus-how-low-cost-methods-may-save-lives-in-bangladesh\">Nipah belt\u003c/a>.” Population density is higher in the Nipah belt than outside it, and forest density is lower, but the bat population -- presumably the source of the outbreaks -- is the same. And even within the Nipah belt, some villages escaped the virus entirely when similar ones, with the same number of bats, had outbreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the mystery that intrigued Micah Hahn, then a graduate student at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nelson.wisc.edu\">Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies\u003c/a> at UW-Madison. “Why here, but not there? How does the environment help determine who gets Nipah virus and who does not?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To answer that question, Dr. Hahn and her colleagues combined high-tech remote-sensing techniques with low-tech door-to-door surveys. They also hung infrared cameras to monitor bats feeding at night. All this data enabled them to create a high-resolution map that compared the geographic distribution and density of people, bats, and trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70516\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 650px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_1099-e1400185366313.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70516\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_1099-e1400185366313-541x360.jpg\" alt=\"Bat roosts. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\" width=\"650\" height=\"432\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During the day, fruit bats roost in colonies of hundreds. But surprisingly, just having a bat colony nearby doesn't necessarily increase the chance that Nipah virus will spill over to humans. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That led to the discovery of a surprising culprit: deforestation. The United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that Bangladesh has lost nearly three-quarters of its forest in the last 30 years as its population has expanded. In the Nipah belt, as Hahn explains in this \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCnL3aoNEAA\">video\u003c/a> from the Nelson Institute, what remains are small, uneven patches of forest instead of large swaths of jungle. The places where the forest is most fragmented are the places most vulnerable to Nipah virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For every 10 percent reduction in tree cover at the sites in the Nipah belt where the bats were roosting, Hahn found that a nearby village was \u003cstrong>twice\u003c/strong> as likely to have an outbreak. Why? Even though there were the same number of bats in these fragmented forests as in thicker ones, Hahn observed that they “tended to settle in several small roosts scattered throughout the villages, rather than in one large roosting colony.” In areas where the human population density is high, like in the Nipah belt, Hahn speculates that this dispersion increases the likelihood that the bats will find human food sources. When bats and humans start sharing food, disease transmission becomes much more likely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70520\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 650px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IGP5159.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70520\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IGP5159-537x360.jpg\" alt=\"Date palm sap is collected in clay pots like these. Covering the pots with fabric to keep the bats out can prevent contaminationDate palm sap pots. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn. \" width=\"650\" height=\"435\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Date palm sap is collected in clay pots like these. Covering the pots with fabric to keep bats out can prevent contamination. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Hahn is quick to point out that the bats themselves aren’t the problem. In fact, since bats help regenerate forest by strewing seeds all over their territory, they could be part of the solution. “This is not just about having bats,” she said. It’s a combination of bat behavior and human behavior that sparked the emergence of Nipah virus in Bangladesh. “The disease risk is a result of humans changing the landscape in ways that create opportunities for human/wildlife interactions,” Hahn said\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nipah virus isn’t the only disease whose spread is influenced by the way humans manage the landscape. In Uganda, replacing natural swamps with cropland increased the risk of malaria. Yellow fever, leishmaniasis, and Hantavirus have also been shown to behave differently when the landscape changes. Hahn’s research will help target Nipah prevention and surveillance efforts to the most vulnerable villages, but it’s also evidence that the consequences of reshaping our environment could be more complicated than we expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70514\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_0199-e1400184212923.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70514\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_0199-e1400184212923-551x360.jpg\" alt=\"When the forest is broken up into small patches with lots of holes in the canopy, bat and humans start to find food in the same areas. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\" width=\"650\" height=\"424\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When the forest is broken up into small patches and interspersed with human settlements, like it is in the Nipah belt, humans and bats can start sharing food sources. Bat-borne diseases are the result. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Deforestation and increased interactions between humans and wildlife are implicated in the spread of the Nipah virus.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442678806,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":1011},"headData":{"title":"Sweet and Deadly: Bat-Borne Virus Brews in Bangladesh’s Date Palm Pots | KQED","description":"Deforestation and increased interactions between humans and wildlife are implicated in the spread of the Nipah virus.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Sweet and Deadly: Bat-Borne Virus Brews in Bangladesh’s Date Palm Pots","datePublished":"2014-05-27T14:00:21.000Z","dateModified":"2015-09-19T16:06:46.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"66291 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=66291","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/05/27/sweet-and-deadly-bat-borne-virus-brews-in-bangladeshs-date-palm-pots/","disqusTitle":"Sweet and Deadly: Bat-Borne Virus Brews in Bangladesh’s Date Palm Pots","source":"Biology","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/biology/","path":"/quest/66291/sweet-and-deadly-bat-borne-virus-brews-in-bangladeshs-date-palm-pots","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>New \u003ca href=\"http://www.news.wisc.edu/22356\">research\u003c/a> from the University of Wisconsin suggests that deforestation is promoting the spread of a disease called Nipah virus in Bangladesh. The virus has no cure, no vaccine -- and a mortality rate of more than 70 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Nipah virus first appeared in Malaysia in 1998, epidemiologists traced it back to Indian flying foxes -- giant fruit bats that are widespread in South Asia. In \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/bodyhorrors/2013/04/30/climatic-ori-nipah-virus/#.U3Y4gcYhsnA\">Malaysia\u003c/a> the bats infected domesticated pigs, which in turn infected their farmers. But the latest outbreaks have been in Bangladesh, where pigs are rare. A 2006 \u003ca href=\"http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/12/pdfs/06-0732.pdf\">study\u003c/a> by the CDC and other groups concluded that the Bangladesh outbreaks were caused by drinking contaminated date palm sap, a sugary syrup humans and bats both love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70513\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 270px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_5914.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70513 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_5914-270x360.jpg\" alt=\"Sap collectors slice into date palm trees with machetes, then hang clay pots to catch the sweet syrup that drips out. Bats drinking from the pot can contaminate the sap with Nipah virus. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\" width=\"270\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sap collectors slice into date palm trees with machetes, then hang clay pots to catch the sweet syrup that drips out. Bats drinking from the pots can contaminate the sap with Nipah virus. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Date palm sap is collected from tree trunks, like maple syrup: collectors tap the trees with machetes and let the syrup run into clay pots overnight. During the night, when the bats are out foraging, they find these pots, drink from them, and sometimes leave behind the Nipah virus in their saliva, urine, or feces. Cooking or fermenting the sap could destroy the virus, but in Bangladesh the sap is commonly sold raw at street markets, a practice the government \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/22/health/22global.html?_r=0\">banned\u003c/a> after a 2011 outbreak that killed 21 children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That law isn't enforced, though, especially in rural areas, and the sale of raw sap continues. The Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control, and Research in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, \u003ca href=\"http://www.iedcr.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=106\">reported\u003c/a> 18 more cases before February 11 of this year. Patients usually show up with a fever, headache, and neurological symptoms like confusion and seizures. There isn’t much doctors can do beyond keeping them comfortable and helping them breathe once the disease spreads to their lungs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Understanding which villages are most vulnerable to Nipah would facilitate more targeted prevention efforts, but the virus' geographic distribution was puzzling. Outbreaks seemed to be clustered around a strip of territory in central and northwestern Bangladesh that’s come to be called the “\u003ca href=\"http://www.icddrb.org/media-centre/news/1996-dealing-with-nipah-virus-how-low-cost-methods-may-save-lives-in-bangladesh\">Nipah belt\u003c/a>.” Population density is higher in the Nipah belt than outside it, and forest density is lower, but the bat population -- presumably the source of the outbreaks -- is the same. And even within the Nipah belt, some villages escaped the virus entirely when similar ones, with the same number of bats, had outbreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the mystery that intrigued Micah Hahn, then a graduate student at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nelson.wisc.edu\">Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies\u003c/a> at UW-Madison. “Why here, but not there? How does the environment help determine who gets Nipah virus and who does not?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To answer that question, Dr. Hahn and her colleagues combined high-tech remote-sensing techniques with low-tech door-to-door surveys. They also hung infrared cameras to monitor bats feeding at night. All this data enabled them to create a high-resolution map that compared the geographic distribution and density of people, bats, and trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70516\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 650px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_1099-e1400185366313.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70516\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_1099-e1400185366313-541x360.jpg\" alt=\"Bat roosts. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\" width=\"650\" height=\"432\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During the day, fruit bats roost in colonies of hundreds. But surprisingly, just having a bat colony nearby doesn't necessarily increase the chance that Nipah virus will spill over to humans. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That led to the discovery of a surprising culprit: deforestation. The United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that Bangladesh has lost nearly three-quarters of its forest in the last 30 years as its population has expanded. In the Nipah belt, as Hahn explains in this \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCnL3aoNEAA\">video\u003c/a> from the Nelson Institute, what remains are small, uneven patches of forest instead of large swaths of jungle. The places where the forest is most fragmented are the places most vulnerable to Nipah virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For every 10 percent reduction in tree cover at the sites in the Nipah belt where the bats were roosting, Hahn found that a nearby village was \u003cstrong>twice\u003c/strong> as likely to have an outbreak. Why? Even though there were the same number of bats in these fragmented forests as in thicker ones, Hahn observed that they “tended to settle in several small roosts scattered throughout the villages, rather than in one large roosting colony.” In areas where the human population density is high, like in the Nipah belt, Hahn speculates that this dispersion increases the likelihood that the bats will find human food sources. When bats and humans start sharing food, disease transmission becomes much more likely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70520\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 650px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IGP5159.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70520\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IGP5159-537x360.jpg\" alt=\"Date palm sap is collected in clay pots like these. Covering the pots with fabric to keep the bats out can prevent contaminationDate palm sap pots. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn. \" width=\"650\" height=\"435\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Date palm sap is collected in clay pots like these. Covering the pots with fabric to keep bats out can prevent contamination. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Hahn is quick to point out that the bats themselves aren’t the problem. In fact, since bats help regenerate forest by strewing seeds all over their territory, they could be part of the solution. “This is not just about having bats,” she said. It’s a combination of bat behavior and human behavior that sparked the emergence of Nipah virus in Bangladesh. “The disease risk is a result of humans changing the landscape in ways that create opportunities for human/wildlife interactions,” Hahn said\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nipah virus isn’t the only disease whose spread is influenced by the way humans manage the landscape. In Uganda, replacing natural swamps with cropland increased the risk of malaria. Yellow fever, leishmaniasis, and Hantavirus have also been shown to behave differently when the landscape changes. Hahn’s research will help target Nipah prevention and surveillance efforts to the most vulnerable villages, but it’s also evidence that the consequences of reshaping our environment could be more complicated than we expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70514\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_0199-e1400184212923.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70514\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_0199-e1400184212923-551x360.jpg\" alt=\"When the forest is broken up into small patches with lots of holes in the canopy, bat and humans start to find food in the same areas. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\" width=\"650\" height=\"424\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When the forest is broken up into small patches and interspersed with human settlements, like it is in the Nipah belt, humans and bats can start sharing food sources. Bat-borne diseases are the result. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/66291/sweet-and-deadly-bat-borne-virus-brews-in-bangladeshs-date-palm-pots","authors":["10441"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_12867","quest_326","quest_794","quest_1012","quest_12866","quest_12269","quest_12864","quest_12355","quest_13365","quest_12865"],"featImg":"quest_70511","label":"source_quest_66291"},"quest_63095":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_63095","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"63095","score":null,"sort":[1397743225000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"do-water-pollution-tests-lead-to-dead-zones","title":"Do Water Pollution Tests Lead to 'Dead Zones?'","publishDate":1397743225,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003ch3>\u003cem>Reported by Robert McClure, \u003ca href=\"http://www.invw.org/\">InvestigateWest\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Waterways across the country are beset by a disturbing pattern: Polluted water discharged from sewage treatment plants carries with it vast amounts of phosphorus and nitrogen, which are known as “nutrients.” The nutrients feed massive algae blooms. Those in turn spur the growth of microbes -- teeny-tiny bugs -- that suck out of the water the oxygen that’s needed by fish and other aquatic creatures. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/DissolvedOxygenNOAA.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-69554 alignleft\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/DissolvedOxygenNOAA.jpg\" alt=\"DissolvedOxygenNOAA\" width=\"472\" height=\"274\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/DissolvedOxygenNOAA.jpg 590w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/DissolvedOxygenNOAA-400x233.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 472px) 100vw, 472px\">\u003c/a>The result is aquatic “dead zones” like the one off the coast of Louisiana, where the Mississippi River flows into the Gulf of Mexico. At its peak last year, that lifeless oceanic zone reached the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/science/science-news/gulf-mexico-dead-zone-size-connecticut-f6C10798946\">size of Connecticut\u003c/a>. While scientists and engineers nationwide grapple with the problem, one persistent environmental engineer in Salt Lake City has been pointing out for three decades what appears to be a major failing of pollution tests performed at sewage-treatment plants across the country. If he is right, they are a major unrecognized contributor to the problem. To put it simply, Peter Maier maintains that current testing procedures account for the nutrients from humans’ solid waste, but not from nutrients in urine. The problem traces to the way waste is tested for “\u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/type/rsl/monitoring/vms52.cfm\">biochemical oxygen demand\u003c/a>,” or BOD. So how did this come to pass? After the federal Clean Water Act was passed in 1972, about two-thirds of sewage-treatment plants were continually failing the required tests. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) then changed the tests. It eliminated the need to measure the amount of “biochemical oxygen demand” from nitrogen-based wastes -- pee -- while retaining the need to measure the same from carbon-based wastes -- poop. The reason? It takes 30 days or so to measure the effects of the pee, but 10 days or less for the poop. Here’s how we explained it in an award-winning \u003ca href=\"http://www.invw.org/projects/clean-water\">series\u003c/a>by InvestigateWest and EarthFix titled “Clean Water: The Next Act.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">“The carbon-eating microbes are in full swing by the fifth day of the test. Their populations are thriving. But the nitrogen-eating bugs are just getting started, and may not get up to full speed until maybe the sixth to the eighth day, depending on conditions such as the temperature. (They do better in warmer weather.) It can take up to 30 days for those bugs to digest the urine-based waste.\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">And this is where the science of sewage treatment parts ways with the actual methods used in the U.S., as Maier sees it… .\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">The problem, Maier says, is that those nitrogen-eating bugs that die in the laboratory flask don’t get killed in the actual sewage-treatment plants. And those nitrogen-eating bugs keep on eating waste and requiring oxygen that comes out of the streams where the waste is dumped -- at the expense of the fish and other aquatic creatures that live there. Plus, all the nitrogen that the bacteria haven’t eaten acts as a fertilizer for algae downstream from the sewage plant.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>So right now Maier contends that there are numerous examples of water bodies where sewage-treatment plants are meeting their official pollution-control limits, but are in fact continuing to contribute to the downturn in water quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69658\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-69658 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Peter-Maier-450x250.jpg\" alt=\"Peter Maier\" width=\"450\" height=\"250\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Peter Maier photo courtesy of InvestigateWest\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Maier has sued the EPA and testified before Congress to get the word out -- to little avail. Now his contentions are getting new currency as environmentalists push several suits against the EPA, including one that blames the agency for not controlling the nutrients in the Mississippi River basin that killed off part of the Gulf of Mexico. One reason Maier hasn’t gotten farther may be his cantankerous nature, friends say, and it also doesn’t help that he still has a thick accent from his upbringing in the Netherlands. Said ally Lowell Palm, a mechanical engineer, “Some of it’s Peter’s ‘foreign-ness’ and rather abrasive approach to those who might hold opinions different from his. And I think that caused a lot of tension.” Fortunately for Maier’s cause, the issue of nutrients is front and center in a case brought by environmentalists in federal court in New Orleans. The suit accuses the EPA of dereliction of duty for failing to control nutrient pollution that causes the Gulf of Mexico dead zone. A judge ordered the agency to respond by March 19 as to why, but the EPA \u003ca href=\"http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/aalexander/another_round_of_epa_delay_in.html\">won a last-minute stay\u003c/a>from an appeals court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The problem with pee: a scientist blows the whistle on sewage-treatment plants, claiming they harm water quality even when meeting official pollution-control limits.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442693765,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":769},"headData":{"title":"Do Water Pollution Tests Lead to 'Dead Zones?' | KQED","description":"The problem with pee: a scientist blows the whistle on sewage-treatment plants, claiming they harm water quality even when meeting official pollution-control limits.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Do Water Pollution Tests Lead to 'Dead Zones?'","datePublished":"2014-04-17T14:00:25.000Z","dateModified":"2015-09-19T20:16:05.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"63095 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=63095","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/04/17/do-water-pollution-tests-lead-to-dead-zones/","disqusTitle":"Do Water Pollution Tests Lead to 'Dead Zones?'","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/63095/do-water-pollution-tests-lead-to-dead-zones","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch3>\u003cem>Reported by Robert McClure, \u003ca href=\"http://www.invw.org/\">InvestigateWest\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Waterways across the country are beset by a disturbing pattern: Polluted water discharged from sewage treatment plants carries with it vast amounts of phosphorus and nitrogen, which are known as “nutrients.” The nutrients feed massive algae blooms. Those in turn spur the growth of microbes -- teeny-tiny bugs -- that suck out of the water the oxygen that’s needed by fish and other aquatic creatures. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/DissolvedOxygenNOAA.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-69554 alignleft\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/DissolvedOxygenNOAA.jpg\" alt=\"DissolvedOxygenNOAA\" width=\"472\" height=\"274\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/DissolvedOxygenNOAA.jpg 590w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/DissolvedOxygenNOAA-400x233.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 472px) 100vw, 472px\">\u003c/a>The result is aquatic “dead zones” like the one off the coast of Louisiana, where the Mississippi River flows into the Gulf of Mexico. At its peak last year, that lifeless oceanic zone reached the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/science/science-news/gulf-mexico-dead-zone-size-connecticut-f6C10798946\">size of Connecticut\u003c/a>. While scientists and engineers nationwide grapple with the problem, one persistent environmental engineer in Salt Lake City has been pointing out for three decades what appears to be a major failing of pollution tests performed at sewage-treatment plants across the country. If he is right, they are a major unrecognized contributor to the problem. To put it simply, Peter Maier maintains that current testing procedures account for the nutrients from humans’ solid waste, but not from nutrients in urine. The problem traces to the way waste is tested for “\u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/type/rsl/monitoring/vms52.cfm\">biochemical oxygen demand\u003c/a>,” or BOD. So how did this come to pass? After the federal Clean Water Act was passed in 1972, about two-thirds of sewage-treatment plants were continually failing the required tests. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) then changed the tests. It eliminated the need to measure the amount of “biochemical oxygen demand” from nitrogen-based wastes -- pee -- while retaining the need to measure the same from carbon-based wastes -- poop. The reason? It takes 30 days or so to measure the effects of the pee, but 10 days or less for the poop. Here’s how we explained it in an award-winning \u003ca href=\"http://www.invw.org/projects/clean-water\">series\u003c/a>by InvestigateWest and EarthFix titled “Clean Water: The Next Act.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">“The carbon-eating microbes are in full swing by the fifth day of the test. Their populations are thriving. But the nitrogen-eating bugs are just getting started, and may not get up to full speed until maybe the sixth to the eighth day, depending on conditions such as the temperature. (They do better in warmer weather.) It can take up to 30 days for those bugs to digest the urine-based waste.\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">And this is where the science of sewage treatment parts ways with the actual methods used in the U.S., as Maier sees it… .\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">The problem, Maier says, is that those nitrogen-eating bugs that die in the laboratory flask don’t get killed in the actual sewage-treatment plants. And those nitrogen-eating bugs keep on eating waste and requiring oxygen that comes out of the streams where the waste is dumped -- at the expense of the fish and other aquatic creatures that live there. Plus, all the nitrogen that the bacteria haven’t eaten acts as a fertilizer for algae downstream from the sewage plant.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>So right now Maier contends that there are numerous examples of water bodies where sewage-treatment plants are meeting their official pollution-control limits, but are in fact continuing to contribute to the downturn in water quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69658\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-69658 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Peter-Maier-450x250.jpg\" alt=\"Peter Maier\" width=\"450\" height=\"250\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Peter Maier photo courtesy of InvestigateWest\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Maier has sued the EPA and testified before Congress to get the word out -- to little avail. Now his contentions are getting new currency as environmentalists push several suits against the EPA, including one that blames the agency for not controlling the nutrients in the Mississippi River basin that killed off part of the Gulf of Mexico. One reason Maier hasn’t gotten farther may be his cantankerous nature, friends say, and it also doesn’t help that he still has a thick accent from his upbringing in the Netherlands. Said ally Lowell Palm, a mechanical engineer, “Some of it’s Peter’s ‘foreign-ness’ and rather abrasive approach to those who might hold opinions different from his. And I think that caused a lot of tension.” Fortunately for Maier’s cause, the issue of nutrients is front and center in a case brought by environmentalists in federal court in New Orleans. The suit accuses the EPA of dereliction of duty for failing to control nutrient pollution that causes the Gulf of Mexico dead zone. A judge ordered the agency to respond by March 19 as to why, but the EPA \u003ca href=\"http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/aalexander/another_round_of_epa_delay_in.html\">won a last-minute stay\u003c/a>from an appeals court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/63095/do-water-pollution-tests-lead-to-dead-zones","authors":["10505"],"categories":["quest_5","quest_9","quest_12","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_3449","quest_12827","quest_1009","quest_12269","quest_12239","quest_12825","quest_12146","quest_12826","quest_13365"],"featImg":"quest_69737","label":"source_quest_63095"},"quest_68854":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_68854","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"68854","score":null,"sort":[1396383218000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"why-soil-matters","title":"Why Soil Matters","publishDate":1396383218,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>[covevideo id=\"http://video.pbs.org/partnerplayer/tSvNdXO7qaTHNUzA5hpM7A==/?autoplay=false&start=0&end=0&chapterbar=false&topbar=true&endscreen=false\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, the global population flew past seven billion people. It is now on pace to reach eight billion by 2024. The rapid pace of our population growth underlines the need for healthy and productive farmland. Yet as our population increases, the amount of arable land on the planet is decreasing. Human activity and climate change are degrading once-productive farmland, decreasing the amount of food that can be grown. The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification estimates that 3 to 5 percent of the world’s agricultural yield is lost due to land degradation every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How can we feed more and more people on less land? International experts agree with urban farmer Will Allen. He knows that soil is the key to stopping land degradation and increasing productivity. In this QUEST video, Will Allen explains how increasing soil fertility will ensure our future food security.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pre-activity Questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How much land did it take to grow your breakfast today?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What is the difference between productive land and degraded land?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What causes land to degrade?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Focus Questions for Viewing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How is farmland being lost today?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Why is soil fertility important?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How can leftover food and waste be converted to soil?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Post-viewing Questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How do your actions contribute to land degradation?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How could your actions reduce land degradation?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How can you convert food waste into soil?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Extension Activity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Explore the soil profile in your community using the USDA’s map. http://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/. Compare and contrast how the land has changed over time. What might have caused these changes? Using the data from the map, predict changes that may occur in the future.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Links to Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"www.growingpower.org\" href=\"http://www.growingpower.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Urban Farming\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Growing Power, Inc.\u003c/strong>See how Will Allen’s organization is empowering communities to grow their own food.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"www.ifpri.org\" href=\"http://www.ifpri.org/node/8441\" target=\"_blank\">Land Degradation\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Institutional Food Policy Research Institute\u003c/strong>Learn about the potential of integrated soil fertility management to slow land degradation.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"www.worldometers.info\" href=\"http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/\" target=\"_blank\">Real Time Population Statistics\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Worldometers\u003c/strong>See world population data in real time.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"www.unccd.int\" href=\"http://www.unccd.int/Lists/SiteDocumentLibrary/Partnerships/partnership%2024_01_14%20low%20res.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Food Security\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification\u003c/strong>Read the 2014 report on food and land security from the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Next Generation Science Standards\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Evaluate the evidence for the role of group behavior on the chances of individuals and species to survive and reproduce. \u003cstrong>HS-LS2-8\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea:\u003c/strong> Ecosystems have carrying capacities, which are limits to the number of organisms and populations they support. These limits result from such factors as the availability of living and nonliving resources and from challenges such as predation, competition, and disease. Organisms would have the capacity to produce populations of great size were it not for the fact that environments and resources are finite. This fundamental tension affects the abundance (number of individuals) of species in any given ecosystem. \u003cstrong>HS-LS2-A\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Crosscutting Concept:\u003c/strong>Scale, proportion, and quantity: The significance of a phenomenon is dependent on the scale, proportion, and quantity at which it occurs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Science and Engineering Practices:\u003c/strong>Constructing explanations and designing solutions\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Milwaukee urban farmer Will Allen explains the role of soil in creating a food system that can sustain our growing global population.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442697129,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":5,"wordCount":529},"headData":{"title":"Why Soil Matters | KQED","description":"Milwaukee urban farmer Will Allen explains the role of soil in creating a food system that can sustain our growing global population.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Why Soil Matters","datePublished":"2014-04-01T20:13:38.000Z","dateModified":"2015-09-19T21:12:09.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"68854 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=68854","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/04/01/why-soil-matters/","disqusTitle":"Why Soil Matters","videoEmbed":"http://video.pbs.org/partnerplayer/tSvNdXO7qaTHNUzA5hpM7A==/?autoplay=false&start=0&end=0&chapterbar=false&topbar=true&endscreen=false","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/68854/why-soil-matters","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>[covevideo id=\"http://video.pbs.org/partnerplayer/tSvNdXO7qaTHNUzA5hpM7A==/?autoplay=false&start=0&end=0&chapterbar=false&topbar=true&endscreen=false\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, the global population flew past seven billion people. It is now on pace to reach eight billion by 2024. The rapid pace of our population growth underlines the need for healthy and productive farmland. Yet as our population increases, the amount of arable land on the planet is decreasing. Human activity and climate change are degrading once-productive farmland, decreasing the amount of food that can be grown. The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification estimates that 3 to 5 percent of the world’s agricultural yield is lost due to land degradation every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How can we feed more and more people on less land? International experts agree with urban farmer Will Allen. He knows that soil is the key to stopping land degradation and increasing productivity. In this QUEST video, Will Allen explains how increasing soil fertility will ensure our future food security.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pre-activity Questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How much land did it take to grow your breakfast today?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What is the difference between productive land and degraded land?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What causes land to degrade?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Focus Questions for Viewing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How is farmland being lost today?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Why is soil fertility important?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How can leftover food and waste be converted to soil?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Post-viewing Questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How do your actions contribute to land degradation?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How could your actions reduce land degradation?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How can you convert food waste into soil?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Extension Activity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Explore the soil profile in your community using the USDA’s map. http://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/. Compare and contrast how the land has changed over time. What might have caused these changes? Using the data from the map, predict changes that may occur in the future.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Links to Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"www.growingpower.org\" href=\"http://www.growingpower.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Urban Farming\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Growing Power, Inc.\u003c/strong>See how Will Allen’s organization is empowering communities to grow their own food.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"www.ifpri.org\" href=\"http://www.ifpri.org/node/8441\" target=\"_blank\">Land Degradation\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Institutional Food Policy Research Institute\u003c/strong>Learn about the potential of integrated soil fertility management to slow land degradation.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"www.worldometers.info\" href=\"http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/\" target=\"_blank\">Real Time Population Statistics\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Worldometers\u003c/strong>See world population data in real time.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"www.unccd.int\" href=\"http://www.unccd.int/Lists/SiteDocumentLibrary/Partnerships/partnership%2024_01_14%20low%20res.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Food Security\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification\u003c/strong>Read the 2014 report on food and land security from the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Next Generation Science Standards\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Evaluate the evidence for the role of group behavior on the chances of individuals and species to survive and reproduce. \u003cstrong>HS-LS2-8\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea:\u003c/strong> Ecosystems have carrying capacities, which are limits to the number of organisms and populations they support. These limits result from such factors as the availability of living and nonliving resources and from challenges such as predation, competition, and disease. Organisms would have the capacity to produce populations of great size were it not for the fact that environments and resources are finite. This fundamental tension affects the abundance (number of individuals) of species in any given ecosystem. \u003cstrong>HS-LS2-A\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Crosscutting Concept:\u003c/strong>Scale, proportion, and quantity: The significance of a phenomenon is dependent on the scale, proportion, and quantity at which it occurs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Science and Engineering Practices:\u003c/strong>Constructing explanations and designing solutions\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/68854/why-soil-matters","authors":["10472"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_3229","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_12214","quest_13196","quest_12784","quest_12282","quest_3351","quest_2141","quest_12355","quest_2692","quest_13364","quest_13365","quest_3042","quest_12283","quest_12785"],"collections":["quest_12788"],"featImg":"quest_69183","label":"source_quest_68854"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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