Squid Skin: Why Pigment (But Not Glitter) Will Dance to the Beat
Producer's Notes: Color By Nano - The Art of Kate Nichols
Science on the SPOT: Color By Nano - The Art of Kate Nichols
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(Credit: Wardill, Gonzalez-Bellido, Crook & Hanlon, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Squid and their relatives--a group of animals known as cephalopods--have the world's best skin. And it's not because they moisturize, lack pimples, or tan without ever burning. It's because their skin is a canvas of endless possibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other animals can change their looks, of course, with chameleons being the most famous. What sets cephalopods apart is a combination of speed (squid can flash between colors several times per second) and diversity. Virtually no hue is off-limits to these creatures, thanks to two separate layers of color-changing skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top is a layer of \u003cem>chromatophores\u003c/em>--tiny elastic sacs of pigment surrounded by muscle fibers, each connected to neurons that run straight back to the squid's brain. When the squid tells the muscles to contract, they stretch the sac wide, turning the chromatophore \"on\" to show the pigment. When the muscles relax, the sac turns \"off,\" shrinking to a nearly invisible dot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chromatophore behavior is spectacularly showcased in this viral video by \u003ca href=\"http://news.backyardbrains.com/2012/08/insane-in-the-chromatophores/\" title=\"Backyard Brains - Insane in the Chromatophores\">Backyard Brains\u003c/a>, in which an iPod was wired up via an electrode to stimulate a squid’s nerves:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-OVrI9x8Zs]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you can see, chromatophores are awesome. But they are also limited to yellow, red, brown or black. To achieve fantastic glittering hues of blue and green, cephalopods rely on the second layer of skin, which is full of a different kind of structure called \u003cem>iridophores\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iridophores make structural color, which means they reflect certain wavelengths of light because of their shape. Most familiar instances of structural color in nature (peacock feathers, mother of pearl) are constant--they may shimmer when you change your viewing angle, but they don't shift from pink to blue. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cephalopods, of course, aren't satisfied with that. Researchers have known for a long time that they can change the colors of their iridophores--but the mechanism of control has remained obscure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new paper in the \u003ca href=\"http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2012/08/13/rspb.2012.1374.abstract\" title=\"Tuneable Iridescence - Proc Royal Soc\">\u003cem>Proceedings of the Royal Society B\u003c/em>\u003c/a> finally sheds some light on the phenomenon. (Sorry, I couldn't resist!) Trevor Wardill, Paloma Gonzalez-Bellido, and their colleagues found that squid use neurons to control their iridophores just as they do their chromatophores. Muscles may be involved as well--though their exact contribution remains unclear. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changing iridophore color is rather more complicated than changing chromatophore color. Iridophores are composed of nanoscale layers of material that have to be moved closer together or further apart in order to reflect the desired color, a process that can take many seconds to minutes. This video is shown at 4X speed, but that doesn't really make it less impressive:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BXhgtrdUMHg]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the authors of the study, Gonzalez-Bellido, helped Backyard Brains prepare their squid skin, so I had to wonder: why didn't the iridophores respond to the music? You can see a couple of them in the background, underneath the chromatophores, and they're just sitting there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iridophores, it seems, are not only slower than chromatophores to activate, but they're \u003cem>extremely\u003c/em> slow to deactivate. Greg Gage of Backyard Brains points out that the process can take tens of minutes. So the first electrical signal from the music probably activated the iridophores, then they stayed that way for the rest of the recording.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that's why chromatophores dance to Cypress Hill, while iridophores appear to be sitting it out at the bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Update: Trevor Wardill also notes that iridophores seem to require a much longer continuous stimulus than was provided by the music, so they may never have become activated at all. Picky little things.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Squid and their relatives–a group of animals known as cephalopods–have the world's best skin. And it's not because they moisturize, lack pimples, or tan without ever burning. It's because their skin is a canvas of endless possibilities.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1346781987,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":629},"headData":{"title":"Squid Skin: Why Pigment (But Not Glitter) Will Dance to the Beat | KQED","description":"Squid and their relatives–a group of animals known as cephalopods–have the world's best skin. And it's not because they moisturize, lack pimples, or tan without ever burning. It's because their skin is a canvas of endless possibilities.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Squid Skin: Why Pigment (But Not Glitter) Will Dance to the Beat","datePublished":"2012-08-28T15:00:00.000Z","dateModified":"2012-09-04T18:06:27.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"43061 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=43061","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/28/squid-skin-why-pigment-but-not-glitter-will-dance-to-the-beat/","disqusTitle":"Squid Skin: Why Pigment (But Not Glitter) Will Dance to the Beat","path":"/quest/43061/squid-skin-why-pigment-but-not-glitter-will-dance-to-the-beat","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43067\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/28/squid-skin-why-pigment-but-not-glitter-will-dance-to-the-beat/imagej1-46aunitum/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43067\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Fig2C_2011-12-13-Spectra_Irido05A_MaxScale.jpg\" alt=\"iridophore\" title=\"ImageJ=1.46aunit=um\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-43067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Fig2C_2011-12-13-Spectra_Irido05A_MaxScale.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Fig2C_2011-12-13-Spectra_Irido05A_MaxScale-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Neurally stimulated squid iridophore. (Credit: Wardill, Gonzalez-Bellido, Crook & Hanlon, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Squid and their relatives--a group of animals known as cephalopods--have the world's best skin. And it's not because they moisturize, lack pimples, or tan without ever burning. It's because their skin is a canvas of endless possibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other animals can change their looks, of course, with chameleons being the most famous. What sets cephalopods apart is a combination of speed (squid can flash between colors several times per second) and diversity. Virtually no hue is off-limits to these creatures, thanks to two separate layers of color-changing skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top is a layer of \u003cem>chromatophores\u003c/em>--tiny elastic sacs of pigment surrounded by muscle fibers, each connected to neurons that run straight back to the squid's brain. When the squid tells the muscles to contract, they stretch the sac wide, turning the chromatophore \"on\" to show the pigment. When the muscles relax, the sac turns \"off,\" shrinking to a nearly invisible dot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chromatophore behavior is spectacularly showcased in this viral video by \u003ca href=\"http://news.backyardbrains.com/2012/08/insane-in-the-chromatophores/\" title=\"Backyard Brains - Insane in the Chromatophores\">Backyard Brains\u003c/a>, in which an iPod was wired up via an electrode to stimulate a squid’s nerves:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/G-OVrI9x8Zs'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/G-OVrI9x8Zs'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you can see, chromatophores are awesome. But they are also limited to yellow, red, brown or black. To achieve fantastic glittering hues of blue and green, cephalopods rely on the second layer of skin, which is full of a different kind of structure called \u003cem>iridophores\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iridophores make structural color, which means they reflect certain wavelengths of light because of their shape. Most familiar instances of structural color in nature (peacock feathers, mother of pearl) are constant--they may shimmer when you change your viewing angle, but they don't shift from pink to blue. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cephalopods, of course, aren't satisfied with that. Researchers have known for a long time that they can change the colors of their iridophores--but the mechanism of control has remained obscure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new paper in the \u003ca href=\"http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2012/08/13/rspb.2012.1374.abstract\" title=\"Tuneable Iridescence - Proc Royal Soc\">\u003cem>Proceedings of the Royal Society B\u003c/em>\u003c/a> finally sheds some light on the phenomenon. (Sorry, I couldn't resist!) Trevor Wardill, Paloma Gonzalez-Bellido, and their colleagues found that squid use neurons to control their iridophores just as they do their chromatophores. Muscles may be involved as well--though their exact contribution remains unclear. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changing iridophore color is rather more complicated than changing chromatophore color. Iridophores are composed of nanoscale layers of material that have to be moved closer together or further apart in order to reflect the desired color, a process that can take many seconds to minutes. This video is shown at 4X speed, but that doesn't really make it less impressive:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/BXhgtrdUMHg'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/BXhgtrdUMHg'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the authors of the study, Gonzalez-Bellido, helped Backyard Brains prepare their squid skin, so I had to wonder: why didn't the iridophores respond to the music? You can see a couple of them in the background, underneath the chromatophores, and they're just sitting there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iridophores, it seems, are not only slower than chromatophores to activate, but they're \u003cem>extremely\u003c/em> slow to deactivate. Greg Gage of Backyard Brains points out that the process can take tens of minutes. So the first electrical signal from the music probably activated the iridophores, then they stayed that way for the rest of the recording.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that's why chromatophores dance to Cypress Hill, while iridophores appear to be sitting it out at the bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Update: Trevor Wardill also notes that iridophores seem to require a much longer continuous stimulus than was provided by the music, so they may never have become activated at all. Picky little things.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/43061/squid-skin-why-pigment-but-not-glitter-will-dance-to-the-beat","authors":["6324"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_11391","quest_11393","quest_11392","quest_3351","quest_9816","quest_11394","quest_2349","quest_13202","quest_2645","quest_2768","quest_2812"],"featImg":"quest_43067","label":"quest"},"quest_7911":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_7911","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"7911","score":null,"sort":[1284577254000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"kate-nichols-post","title":"Producer's Notes: Color By Nano - The Art of Kate Nichols","publishDate":1284577254,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Producer’s Notes: Color By Nano – The Art of Kate Nichols | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-color-by-nano--the-art-of-kate-nichols\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/09/suspension300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem> These glass capillaries contain liquid solutions of silver nanoprisms synthesized by artist Kate Nichols. Image courtesy of Kate Nichols.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Originally inspired by the work of Northern Renaissance painters, one could also describe artist \u003ca href=\"http://www.katenicholsstudio.com/\">Kate Nichols\u003c/a> as a “Renaissance” artist herself. Nichols applies a wide variety of skills and media to her creations, most recently with her pieces that incorporate her experimentation with \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/nanotechnology-takes-off\">nanotechnology\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nichols was fascinated with the rich, bright hues of the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morpho\">Morpho butterfly\u003c/a>, and sought to replicate those vivid colors in her work. Through research, she learned that the butterfly wings’ brilliant blue color arose through \u003ca href=\"http://www.webexhibits.org/causesofcolor/15D.html\">structural color\u003c/a>, and that nanotechnology could help her obtain this vibrant palette.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After writing an e-mail to scientist Paul Alivisatos and expressing her interest in nanotechnology, he enthusiastically supported her endeavors (Alivisatos is also a photographer) and Nichols became the first artist-in-residence at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cchem.berkeley.edu/pagrp/\">Paul Alivisatos Group \u003c/a> at \u003ca href=\"http://www.lbl.gov/\">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working in the laboratory setting didn’t come naturally to her as she had no background or formal training in science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I spent the first part of my experience in the laboratory reading scientific papers that would describe specific procedures. And I would get so frustrated that I couldn’t achieve the same results. It takes a lot of practice to be able to be up and running in a material science chemistry lab,” says Nichols.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But over time and through the guidance of her colleagues, Nichols learned to synthesize nanosilver particles to create the beautiful colors she uses in her \u003ca href=\"http://www.katenicholsstudio.com/\">work\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8768 -122.251\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Artist Kate Nichols synthesizes silver nanoparticles and incorporates them into her unique and colorful macroscale pieces.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684974999,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":268},"headData":{"title":"Producer's Notes: Color By Nano - The Art of Kate Nichols | KQED","description":"Artist Kate Nichols synthesizes silver nanoparticles and incorporates them into her unique and colorful macroscale pieces.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Producer's Notes: Color By Nano - The Art of Kate Nichols","datePublished":"2010-09-15T19:00:54.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-25T00:36:39.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/7911/kate-nichols-post","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-color-by-nano--the-art-of-kate-nichols\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/09/suspension300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem> These glass capillaries contain liquid solutions of silver nanoprisms synthesized by artist Kate Nichols. Image courtesy of Kate Nichols.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Originally inspired by the work of Northern Renaissance painters, one could also describe artist \u003ca href=\"http://www.katenicholsstudio.com/\">Kate Nichols\u003c/a> as a “Renaissance” artist herself. Nichols applies a wide variety of skills and media to her creations, most recently with her pieces that incorporate her experimentation with \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/nanotechnology-takes-off\">nanotechnology\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nichols was fascinated with the rich, bright hues of the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morpho\">Morpho butterfly\u003c/a>, and sought to replicate those vivid colors in her work. Through research, she learned that the butterfly wings’ brilliant blue color arose through \u003ca href=\"http://www.webexhibits.org/causesofcolor/15D.html\">structural color\u003c/a>, and that nanotechnology could help her obtain this vibrant palette.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After writing an e-mail to scientist Paul Alivisatos and expressing her interest in nanotechnology, he enthusiastically supported her endeavors (Alivisatos is also a photographer) and Nichols became the first artist-in-residence at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cchem.berkeley.edu/pagrp/\">Paul Alivisatos Group \u003c/a> at \u003ca href=\"http://www.lbl.gov/\">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working in the laboratory setting didn’t come naturally to her as she had no background or formal training in science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I spent the first part of my experience in the laboratory reading scientific papers that would describe specific procedures. And I would get so frustrated that I couldn’t achieve the same results. It takes a lot of practice to be able to be up and running in a material science chemistry lab,” says Nichols.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But over time and through the guidance of her colleagues, Nichols learned to synthesize nanosilver particles to create the beautiful colors she uses in her \u003ca href=\"http://www.katenicholsstudio.com/\">work\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8768 -122.251\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/7911/kate-nichols-post","authors":["2100"],"categories":["quest_5","quest_16"],"tags":["quest_216","quest_653","quest_1558","quest_1626","quest_1905","quest_1911","quest_2112","quest_2136","quest_13205","quest_2812"],"featImg":"quest_7924","label":"quest"},"quest_17543":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_17543","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"17543","score":null,"sort":[1284566400000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"science-on-the-spot-color-by-nano-the-art-of-kate-nichols","title":"Science on the SPOT: Color By Nano - The Art of Kate Nichols","publishDate":1284566400,"format":"video","headTitle":"Science on the SPOT | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":3296,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Artist Kate Nichols longed to paint with the iridescent colors of butterfly wings, but no such pigments existed. So she became the first artist-in-residence at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to synthesize nanoparticles and incorporate them into her artwork. From the laboratory to the studio, see how Kate uses the phenomenon known as \"structural color\" to transform nanotechnology into creativity. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Artist Kate Nichols longed to paint with the iridescent colors of butterfly wings, but no such pigments existed. So she became the first artist-in-residence at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to synthesize nanoparticles and incorporate them into her artwork. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1486514324,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":63},"headData":{"title":"Science on the SPOT: Color By Nano - The Art of Kate Nichols | KQED","description":"Artist Kate Nichols longed to paint with the iridescent colors of butterfly wings, but no such pigments existed. So she became the first artist-in-residence at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to synthesize nanoparticles and incorporate them into her artwork. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Science on the SPOT: Color By Nano - The Art of Kate Nichols","datePublished":"2010-09-15T16:00:00.000Z","dateModified":"2017-02-08T00:38:44.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"17543 http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-color-by-nano-the-art-of-kate-nichols/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/09/15/science-on-the-spot-color-by-nano-the-art-of-kate-nichols/","disqusTitle":"Science on the SPOT: Color By Nano - The Art of Kate Nichols","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BO4TSb_rPkg","path":"/quest/17543/science-on-the-spot-color-by-nano-the-art-of-kate-nichols","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Artist Kate Nichols longed to paint with the iridescent colors of butterfly wings, but no such pigments existed. So she became the first artist-in-residence at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to synthesize nanoparticles and incorporate them into her artwork. From the laboratory to the studio, see how Kate uses the phenomenon known as \"structural color\" to transform nanotechnology into creativity. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/17543/science-on-the-spot-color-by-nano-the-art-of-kate-nichols","authors":["2100"],"series":["quest_3296"],"categories":["quest_5","quest_16"],"tags":["quest_653","quest_1558","quest_3351","quest_1626","quest_1657","quest_1909","quest_2141","quest_2203","quest_13","quest_2812"],"featImg":"quest_240525","label":"quest_3296"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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