Go Big Green: Stanford Lightens Its Carbon Load
Stanford Investigates the Hits that Cause Concussions
Your Videos on QUEST: Steve Fyffe
A Ribbon Cutting with a Green Twist
Celebrating Earth Day in the Age of Man
Stanford Engineering Offers Free Online Classes
Stanford Students Create Kinect-Powered 'JediBot'
The Search for Alcoholism's Miracle Drug
The Science of Pain
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Sharol enjoys connecting people to nature with articles in local newspapers and online forums.\r\n\r\nRead her \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/sharolembry/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e1d65f00eccde30de75fac778ead552d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sharol Nelson-Embry | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e1d65f00eccde30de75fac778ead552d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e1d65f00eccde30de75fac778ead552d?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/sharolembry"},"cat":{"type":"authors","id":"10173","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10173","found":true},"name":"Cat","firstName":"Cat","lastName":"Aboudara","slug":"cat","email":"caboudara@calacademy.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Cathleen (Cat) is the former \u003cstrong>Special Projects Manager at California Academy of Sciences\u003c/strong> and worked in the public programs division.\r\nBefore working at the Academy, Cat got her start as an intern at \u003ca href=\"http://www.wildlife-museum.org/\">Lindsay Wildlife Museum\u003c/a> for four years and worked with animals ranging from snakes and hawks to foxes and bobcats. She has a deep curiosity about the natural world and native California wildlife.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1db01bf4502e099faeb0628c5015e81f?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Cat | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1db01bf4502e099faeb0628c5015e81f?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1db01bf4502e099faeb0628c5015e81f?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/cat"},"laura-khalil":{"type":"authors","id":"10174","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10174","found":true},"name":"Laura Khalil","firstName":"Laura","lastName":"Khalil","slug":"laura-khalil","email":"zazenergy@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Laura is a marketer by day and nerd by night. She's the Chief Nerd Herder for \u003ca href=\"http://dorkbyte.com\">Dorkbyte\u003c/a>, a blog devoted to art, technology and science. She's been named one of the most engaging women to speak about technology and has been featured on \u003ca href=\"http://laura.khalil.usesthis.com/\">The Setup\u003c/a>. A member of \u003ca href=\"https://www.noisebridge.net/wiki/Noisebridge\">Noisebridge\u003c/a>, she is working on two robotics challenges, leading a puzzle team that competes in a variety of puzzle challenges throughout the US and monkeys around on ham amateur radio. She loves astronomy, Making and hardware hacking. She was most recently involved in teaching hardware circuitry at Maker Faire.Laura has executed marketing strategies and campaigns for tech startups in the Bay Area. Her work with social media has been inducted into the Viral Marketing Hall of Fame.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/903af34f5bba8fceeaf20b97ac72f2a1?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Laura Khalil | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/903af34f5bba8fceeaf20b97ac72f2a1?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/903af34f5bba8fceeaf20b97ac72f2a1?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/laura-khalil"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_305258":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_305258","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"305258","score":null,"sort":[1684975380000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"go-big-green-stanford-lightens-its-carbon-load-2","title":"Go Big Green: Stanford Lightens Its Carbon Load","publishDate":1684975380,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Go Big Green: Stanford Lightens Its Carbon Load | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/GreenU_Stanford_-044b.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>A view of Stanford’s campus, taken from Hoover Tower. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Originally reported for \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/\">KQEDnews.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1888, when famed landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted drafted his master plan for \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/\">Stanford University \u003c/a>in Palo Alto, he drew the academic buildings along an east-west axis to efficiently make use of heat and light from the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, more than 100 years later, a new generation of eco-centric builders and designers are embarking on a $250 million project to raise, retrofit and re-power buildings across the 8,000-acre campus, in the hopes of slashing Stanford’s greenhouse gas emissions to 20 percent below 1990 levels in just 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan tackles energy demand in existing and new buildings, while also laying the groundwork for a new energy supply loop that powers, heats and cools the 125 biggest buildings on the main campus. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s one of the most far-reaching efforts in the nation for a major research university to make a total transformation of a complete campus energy system”, said Joe Stagner, a civil engineer who directs Stanford’s Department of Sustainability and Energy Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the steep price tag, the university estimates that by going greener it will save be saving lots of green – $639 million by 2050 through lower utility bills and operating costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the plan, which received preliminary approval by the Stanford Board of Trustees last fall, the energy savings are expected to build up with time. By 2050, the campus is projected to emit only 50 percent of the greenhouse gases it emitted in 1990.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And that’s a minimum, it doesn’t mean that we’re going to stop at 50 percent”, said Fahmida Ahmed, manager of \u003ca href=\"http://sustainable.stanford.edu/index.php\">sustainability programs\u003c/a> at Stanford. She and Stagner wrote the new \u003ca href=\"http://sustainablestanford.stanford.edu/sites/sem.stanford.edu/files/documents/StanfordEnergyandClimatePlan_11-10.pdf\">energy and climate plan\u003c/a> that serves as the university’s sustainability roadmap and presented it to the Trustees in October 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Stanford has pursued recycling, composting and energy efficiency since the 1980s, until just a few years ago, it lacked a single, cohesive campaign to shrink the university’s carbon footprint – a task made more urgent by Stanford’s steady growth spurts. By 2025, two million square feet of new academic buildings and housing are expected to be built for 2,400 additional faculty, staff and students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole idea to attack greenhouse gases gained momentum in 2006 and 2007,” said Stagner. “University stakeholders, including faculty from the Woods Institute to members of Students for a Sustainable Stanford and faculty and even some alumni, all of them let the university’s leadership know that they wanted Stanford to be more sustainable”, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On average, the campus generates 262,000 metric tons – nearly 580 million pounds – of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases each year through direct sources such as generating electricity each day at an aging campus power plant, and indirect sources such as airline trips and commuting miles driven by faculty and staff. If no new initiatives are undertaken, pursuing instead a “business-as-usual” level of energy consumption and energy generation, Stanford is expected to produce 325,000 metric tons of greenhouse gases by 2020 and nearly 400,000 metric tons by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stagner and his team realized early on that energy conservation improvements alone could not achieve substantial greenhouse gas reductions for a campus growing at such a fast clip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to come up with a comprehensive energy model that includes energy demand on one side and energy supply on the other side to inform how to best prioritize our work, to see what had the best return, environmentally, and the best bang for our buck”, said Stagner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest environmental gains, his team discovered, would come from overhauling the campus’ natural gas-fired power plant which has operated for more than 20 years and accounts for nearly 90 percent of the campus’ greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Stanford is situated in a Mediterranean climate, many of its buildings need simultaneous cooling and heating. Currently, the cooling system pipes chilled water into buildings to cool them and also remove excess heat that builds up inside them. As the water extracts the unwanted heat from buildings, it warms and is piped back to the central energy facility where massive cooling towers exhaust the excess heat from the water into the atmosphere. The loop continues, with the water being re-chilled at the central energy facility and sent back out to the buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conversely, heat and hot water are supplied to buildings in a separate loop. It uses steam, which is made as a byproduct of burning natural gas to generate electricity to power the buildings. The steam cools into hot water after it has been sent to the buildings, and then it is sent back to the central energy facility, where it is reheated and sent back out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2008, during a year-long audit of the campus’ hour-by-hour energy use, Stagner experienced an ‘a-ha moment.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I took a look at the data and saw that the potential for reusing the waste heat to heat the campus was much larger than we had hoped for and got very excited about the possibilities,” said Stagner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stagner realized that nearly half of the campus’ heating needs can be met through bypassing the cooling towers and reusing most of the heat which would otherwise be exhausted into the air. This new scheme of heat recovery is being called “regeneration.” Through it, the campus will also cut its water use by nearly 20 percent since less water would be used by the cooling towers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project won’t happen overnight, however. It will take five to 10 years, and university crews will have to dig up 10 miles of underground pipes that are currently designed to distribute steam – not hot water — to buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When all of that is finished, the campus will be able to burn less natural gas to make electricity and will instead be able to buy electricity from utilities or from direct suppliers using renewables like solar and wind to green up the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The electricity will power up to five new multimillion-dollar “heat recovery chillers.” The machines will form the backbone of the new energy loop, where warm water that would have been sent to the cooling towers instead will now be sent for further reheating and piped back out as 170-degree water to provide heat and hot water to buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of this year, Stagner will present to Stanford’s trustees an update of the heat recovery system and the broader energy and climate plan, which is receiving one last peer review to see if further greenhouse gas reductions are possible under it. But he and his team are already moving forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/GreenU_Stanford_-006b.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Stanford’s new heat exchange unit. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://sustainablestanford.stanford.edu/heat_recovery\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/Stanford_steamhot-water-conversion_b.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Campus map showing the buildings where pipes carrying steam will need to be replaced by pipes carrying hot water. Photo and image copyright Stanford University\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a patch of land behind Memorial Auditorium, for the past six months, workers have been installing a $750,000 heat exchange station next to Stanford’s new business school, the Knight Management Center, which will open later this year. The station is needed to convert the steam currently made by the campus power plant to hot water, which will then be distributed through new pipes snaking underground that will serve 12 new and existing buildings when it fires up next summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other universities, including the University of Rochester in New York and Auburn University in Alabama, also have converted from steam to hot water to meet their heating needs, but not to the extent Stanford plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the engineering plans, Stanford also is working to change the behavior of its students, professors and staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We live in an eco-minded area,” said Ahmed, whose office worked with students to create a \u003ca href=\"http://sustainable.stanford.edu/sites/sustainable.stanford.edu/files/documents/SustainableLiving_at_Stanford_New.pdf\"> guide to sustainable living\u003c/a> that describes how to reduce water and electricity use and act sustainably beyond the dorms and dining halls. “But for conservation to be a part of daily experience there needs to be incentives that we relate to and feel encouraged about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One Stanford program, for example, establishes an annual baseline of average kilowatt-hours used for an individual school or administrative unit based on past consumption trends. Then, it allows that school or unit to keep whatever money is saved if it falls under its budget for energy spending. In three years, the program yielded a three percent decrease in energy use and $830,000 for the energy-saving participants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, a penalty component was added, so now departments that go over their budgets are supposed to pay back to the university the cost of excess electricity they used. The Office of Sustainability wouldn’t reveal which departments were penalized, pointing out instead that “there are sometimes valid reasons for their energy usage going up” and that the budgets for electricity use “can and will be revised over time as a trend appears.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If an academic department isn’t responsible for its energy expenditures or budget, it is in the same position as a renter in an apartment who isn’t responsible for paying for the utilities. The renter has no incentive for energy efficiency or water efficiency. It’s just human nature,” said Stanley Young, a spokesman for the California Air Resources Board, in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford junior Ishan Nath wrote an \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanforddaily.com/2009/11/09/editorial-extend-energy-incentives-to-student-residences/\">editorial last fall in \u003cem>The Stanford Daily\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, calling for an expansion of the incentive program so students could pocket some of the cost savings from lower energy use in their dorms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It seems that the double benefit of reducing greenhouse gas emissions while saving money is something we should be taking advantage of in any place we can and I think it’s really important that Stanford is leading in this direction,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another key part of the Stanford plan to reduce greenhouse emissions is to retrofit existing buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are nearly 200 buildings on campus that are larger than 20,000 square feet, roughly the size of a small supermarket. A 2004 study found that 12 buildings accounted for 33% of the campus’ electricity use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We put together a new program to look at a single building in detail and go top to bottom and find energy savings opportunities,” said Scott Gould, a senior energy engineer with the Department of Sustainability and Energy Management who oversees the Whole Building Retrofit Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2007, the campus approved $15 million in funding to retrofit these energy-intensive buildings, many of which contain research labs built in the 1960s, ‘70s and ‘80s. Some have annual energy bills of $2 million to $3 million each.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two building retrofits are currently taking place, one at Gilbert Hall, which houses the biology department, and the other at the Beckman Center for Molecular and Genetic Medicine. The fume hoods in them are being fitted with valves that can more efficiently regulate the flow and exhaust of air, so that instead of 10 air exchanges in an hour, there may only be six or eight. New valves also will control the total amount of air supplied to a room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a technology that wasn’t available in the ‘70s”, said Gould, whose job is compounded by the fact that the retrofit work needs to typically take place over short periods of time to minimize the impact to the still-active labs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s easier to design super-energy efficient buildings from the start than going back and retrofitting old ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/GreenU_Stanford_-026b.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>A view of the Y2E2 building. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The greenest building on Stanford’s campus – and a model for future construction – is the Jerry Yang and Akiko Yamazaki Energy + Environment Building, known as “Y2E2.” Opened in 2008, the four-story, L-shaped building uses 38 percent less energy and 90 percent less total water than older buildings – the latter feat accomplished in part by using recycled water for flushing toilets and rainwater for irrigating landscaping. Four atriums funnel natural light through angled skylights, and they also serve as the building’s lungs, drawing in fresh air and circulating heated air through vents that open and close automatically throughout the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/GreenU_Stanford_-010b.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>A skylight inside the Y2E2 building. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/GreenU_Stanford_-007b.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Looking down the atrium inside the Y2E2 building. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford also has solar power demonstration projects at seven locations on campus but they generate enough power currently to meet only two percent of the campus’ energy needs. Ahmed acknowledged that solar power has the potential to meet 10 percent of the sunny campus’ energy needs, but the university is continuing to track progress on solar power technology before committing to its wider use on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, students seem pleased with the university’s level of planning and implementation around sustainability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a period of tremendous uncertainty in what’s going to happen with California’s climate policy,” said Nath. “Without knowing that, it’s impossible to fairly plan for what type of renewable energy to use, and it’s difficult to compare the financing to see what’s the best decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Ten Hoeve is president of the \u003ca href=\"http://inversion.stanford.edu/swep/drupal/\">Stanford Solar and Wind Energy Project\u003c/a>, a group run mostly by graduate students trying to promote renewable energy at Stanford. “I believe I speak for the group when I say that we are very pleased with the new climate and energy plan”, Ten Hoeve said, while complimenting its Office of Sustainability for being “open-minded” to opportunities to cut Stanford’s carbon load.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford’s plan focuses on more near-term energy supply and conservation steps to curb campus emissions, but doesn’t fund much renewable energy at the moment. A chart laying out the expected emissions savings as color-coded wedges from building retrofits, heat recovery and other initiatives, has a wedge that corresponds to emissions savings through electricity generated by renewable means, like solar, wind and geothermal power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten Hoeve pointed out that the ‘green electricity’ wedge doesn’t kick in fully, however, until 2035. “If Stanford were to produce its own renewable energy, through a few well-sited local wind turbines for example, it would be great PR for the university at little to no cost, which is why we hope it will happen sooner than later”, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some students think that an array of solar panels, such as the one adorning the Y2E2 building, do more than just green the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important to have them in places where people can see them and when they come to Stanford, they’ll say, ‘oh, maybe solar panels are developing enough to be used on a wide scale’”, said Nath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Junior Eli Pollak, a member of \u003ca href=\"http://sustainability.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/index.php\">Students for a Sustainable Stanford\u003c/a>, said he’s impressed by the Stanford plan, but would have liked to have seen more students involved in drafting it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In keeping with Stanford’s educational mission, it would have been beneficial for the administration to have drawn on the intellect of the students and the students could have gained real-world experience to address climate change and see how a large institution approaches climate change and energy planning,” Pollak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford isn’t alone in trying to improve energy efficiency and reduce its carbon footprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.presidentsclimatecommitment.org/\">American College and University Presidents Climate Commitment\u003c/a> has recruited nearly 700 college and university presidents to cut more than 30 million metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions annually across their campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The niche that we were filling was helping people learn from each other,” said Paul Rowland, executive director of the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education, an organization that has created a tool to help universities and colleges that have signed the climate commitment measure and report their annual greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first university to have achieved carbon neutrality, Rowland said, is the College of the Atlantic in Bar Harbor, Maine, which it did in part by purchasing renewable energy credits to offset its greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford has declined to join the organization ever since 2006 when it was first asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Stanford commits to reductions it can meet. Committing to carbon neutrality without having the solutions at hand must have seemed not very authentic to the administration at the time,” said Ahmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford’s energy and climate plan also does not endorse the use of carbon offsets or renewable energy credits, citing in part their “regulatory uncertainty,” which suggests the university is more focused on projects campus officials can directly observe, control and monitor to track the progress on its emissions reductions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chancellors of the 10 campuses that make up the \u003ca href=\"http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/\">University of California\u003c/a> system have, however, signed onto the ACUPCC. The UC campuses have set a goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to 2000 levels by 2014 and to 1990 levels by 2020, while also eliminating all waste sent to landfills by 2020. After these targets have been met, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/sustainability/documents/policy_sustain_prac.pdf\">UC sustainability policy \u003c/a>directs the campuses to pursue carbon neutrality “as soon as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over the past five years, the UC system has saved $15 million by replacing aging lighting, heating and ventilation systems and expanding the monitoring and metering of campus buildings,” said Matthew St. Clair, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/sustainability/\">UC sustainability efforts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At UC Berkeley, energy efficiency projects such as changing leaky heating and cooling systems and installing more efficient lighting in its buildings, some of which are more than 100 years old, has cut the campus’ electricity use. At Tang Center, home to the university’s health services, an analysis revealed that the air circulation system was running 24 hours a day. So a new air circulation system was installed, saving the university each year enough electricity to power 46 single family homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC campuses are also exploring projects that will generate a total of 10 megawatts of on-site renewable energy by 2014. To date, three of them – Irvine, Merced and San Diego – have one-megawatt solar panel arrays installed at each of their campuses. The solar array at Merced spans nearly nine acres and provides the campus with nearly 20 percent of its annual energy needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a public institution that includes a mission of public service, we need to demonstrate to the taxpayers and voters of California that we are being good citizens in reducing our environmental impact, cutting costs through efficient resource consumption and modeling sustainability leadership”, said St. Clair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford’s Stagner said he similarly feels that colleges and universities don’t need to wait for a blueprint from the government to start tackling climate change, adding that they have a responsibility to “to help create the scientific, human, cultural, and political solutions to it, and to educate tomorrow’s leaders so that they may continue to work on this challenge and advance civilization toward a sustainable future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.427648 -122.166793\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new generation of eco-centric builders and designers are embarking on a $250 million project to raise, retrofit and re-power buildings across the 8,000-acre campus, in the hopes of slashing Stanford’s greenhouse gas emissions to 20 percent below 1990 levels in just 10 years.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684975380,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":72,"wordCount":3303},"headData":{"title":"Go Big Green: Stanford Lightens Its Carbon Load | KQED","description":"A new generation of eco-centric builders and designers are embarking on a $250 million project to raise, retrofit and re-power buildings across the 8,000-acre campus, in the hopes of slashing Stanford’s greenhouse gas emissions to 20 percent below 1990 levels in just 10 years.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Go Big Green: Stanford Lightens Its Carbon Load","datePublished":"2023-05-25T00:43:00.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-25T00:43:00.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/305258/go-big-green-stanford-lightens-its-carbon-load-2","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/GreenU_Stanford_-044b.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>A view of Stanford’s campus, taken from Hoover Tower. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Originally reported for \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/\">KQEDnews.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1888, when famed landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted drafted his master plan for \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/\">Stanford University \u003c/a>in Palo Alto, he drew the academic buildings along an east-west axis to efficiently make use of heat and light from the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, more than 100 years later, a new generation of eco-centric builders and designers are embarking on a $250 million project to raise, retrofit and re-power buildings across the 8,000-acre campus, in the hopes of slashing Stanford’s greenhouse gas emissions to 20 percent below 1990 levels in just 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan tackles energy demand in existing and new buildings, while also laying the groundwork for a new energy supply loop that powers, heats and cools the 125 biggest buildings on the main campus. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s one of the most far-reaching efforts in the nation for a major research university to make a total transformation of a complete campus energy system”, said Joe Stagner, a civil engineer who directs Stanford’s Department of Sustainability and Energy Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the steep price tag, the university estimates that by going greener it will save be saving lots of green – $639 million by 2050 through lower utility bills and operating costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the plan, which received preliminary approval by the Stanford Board of Trustees last fall, the energy savings are expected to build up with time. By 2050, the campus is projected to emit only 50 percent of the greenhouse gases it emitted in 1990.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And that’s a minimum, it doesn’t mean that we’re going to stop at 50 percent”, said Fahmida Ahmed, manager of \u003ca href=\"http://sustainable.stanford.edu/index.php\">sustainability programs\u003c/a> at Stanford. She and Stagner wrote the new \u003ca href=\"http://sustainablestanford.stanford.edu/sites/sem.stanford.edu/files/documents/StanfordEnergyandClimatePlan_11-10.pdf\">energy and climate plan\u003c/a> that serves as the university’s sustainability roadmap and presented it to the Trustees in October 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Stanford has pursued recycling, composting and energy efficiency since the 1980s, until just a few years ago, it lacked a single, cohesive campaign to shrink the university’s carbon footprint – a task made more urgent by Stanford’s steady growth spurts. By 2025, two million square feet of new academic buildings and housing are expected to be built for 2,400 additional faculty, staff and students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole idea to attack greenhouse gases gained momentum in 2006 and 2007,” said Stagner. “University stakeholders, including faculty from the Woods Institute to members of Students for a Sustainable Stanford and faculty and even some alumni, all of them let the university’s leadership know that they wanted Stanford to be more sustainable”, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On average, the campus generates 262,000 metric tons – nearly 580 million pounds – of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases each year through direct sources such as generating electricity each day at an aging campus power plant, and indirect sources such as airline trips and commuting miles driven by faculty and staff. If no new initiatives are undertaken, pursuing instead a “business-as-usual” level of energy consumption and energy generation, Stanford is expected to produce 325,000 metric tons of greenhouse gases by 2020 and nearly 400,000 metric tons by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stagner and his team realized early on that energy conservation improvements alone could not achieve substantial greenhouse gas reductions for a campus growing at such a fast clip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to come up with a comprehensive energy model that includes energy demand on one side and energy supply on the other side to inform how to best prioritize our work, to see what had the best return, environmentally, and the best bang for our buck”, said Stagner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest environmental gains, his team discovered, would come from overhauling the campus’ natural gas-fired power plant which has operated for more than 20 years and accounts for nearly 90 percent of the campus’ greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Stanford is situated in a Mediterranean climate, many of its buildings need simultaneous cooling and heating. Currently, the cooling system pipes chilled water into buildings to cool them and also remove excess heat that builds up inside them. As the water extracts the unwanted heat from buildings, it warms and is piped back to the central energy facility where massive cooling towers exhaust the excess heat from the water into the atmosphere. The loop continues, with the water being re-chilled at the central energy facility and sent back out to the buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conversely, heat and hot water are supplied to buildings in a separate loop. It uses steam, which is made as a byproduct of burning natural gas to generate electricity to power the buildings. The steam cools into hot water after it has been sent to the buildings, and then it is sent back to the central energy facility, where it is reheated and sent back out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2008, during a year-long audit of the campus’ hour-by-hour energy use, Stagner experienced an ‘a-ha moment.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I took a look at the data and saw that the potential for reusing the waste heat to heat the campus was much larger than we had hoped for and got very excited about the possibilities,” said Stagner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stagner realized that nearly half of the campus’ heating needs can be met through bypassing the cooling towers and reusing most of the heat which would otherwise be exhausted into the air. This new scheme of heat recovery is being called “regeneration.” Through it, the campus will also cut its water use by nearly 20 percent since less water would be used by the cooling towers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project won’t happen overnight, however. It will take five to 10 years, and university crews will have to dig up 10 miles of underground pipes that are currently designed to distribute steam – not hot water — to buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When all of that is finished, the campus will be able to burn less natural gas to make electricity and will instead be able to buy electricity from utilities or from direct suppliers using renewables like solar and wind to green up the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The electricity will power up to five new multimillion-dollar “heat recovery chillers.” The machines will form the backbone of the new energy loop, where warm water that would have been sent to the cooling towers instead will now be sent for further reheating and piped back out as 170-degree water to provide heat and hot water to buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of this year, Stagner will present to Stanford’s trustees an update of the heat recovery system and the broader energy and climate plan, which is receiving one last peer review to see if further greenhouse gas reductions are possible under it. But he and his team are already moving forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/GreenU_Stanford_-006b.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Stanford’s new heat exchange unit. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://sustainablestanford.stanford.edu/heat_recovery\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/Stanford_steamhot-water-conversion_b.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Campus map showing the buildings where pipes carrying steam will need to be replaced by pipes carrying hot water. Photo and image copyright Stanford University\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a patch of land behind Memorial Auditorium, for the past six months, workers have been installing a $750,000 heat exchange station next to Stanford’s new business school, the Knight Management Center, which will open later this year. The station is needed to convert the steam currently made by the campus power plant to hot water, which will then be distributed through new pipes snaking underground that will serve 12 new and existing buildings when it fires up next summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other universities, including the University of Rochester in New York and Auburn University in Alabama, also have converted from steam to hot water to meet their heating needs, but not to the extent Stanford plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the engineering plans, Stanford also is working to change the behavior of its students, professors and staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We live in an eco-minded area,” said Ahmed, whose office worked with students to create a \u003ca href=\"http://sustainable.stanford.edu/sites/sustainable.stanford.edu/files/documents/SustainableLiving_at_Stanford_New.pdf\"> guide to sustainable living\u003c/a> that describes how to reduce water and electricity use and act sustainably beyond the dorms and dining halls. “But for conservation to be a part of daily experience there needs to be incentives that we relate to and feel encouraged about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One Stanford program, for example, establishes an annual baseline of average kilowatt-hours used for an individual school or administrative unit based on past consumption trends. Then, it allows that school or unit to keep whatever money is saved if it falls under its budget for energy spending. In three years, the program yielded a three percent decrease in energy use and $830,000 for the energy-saving participants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, a penalty component was added, so now departments that go over their budgets are supposed to pay back to the university the cost of excess electricity they used. The Office of Sustainability wouldn’t reveal which departments were penalized, pointing out instead that “there are sometimes valid reasons for their energy usage going up” and that the budgets for electricity use “can and will be revised over time as a trend appears.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If an academic department isn’t responsible for its energy expenditures or budget, it is in the same position as a renter in an apartment who isn’t responsible for paying for the utilities. The renter has no incentive for energy efficiency or water efficiency. It’s just human nature,” said Stanley Young, a spokesman for the California Air Resources Board, in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford junior Ishan Nath wrote an \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanforddaily.com/2009/11/09/editorial-extend-energy-incentives-to-student-residences/\">editorial last fall in \u003cem>The Stanford Daily\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, calling for an expansion of the incentive program so students could pocket some of the cost savings from lower energy use in their dorms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It seems that the double benefit of reducing greenhouse gas emissions while saving money is something we should be taking advantage of in any place we can and I think it’s really important that Stanford is leading in this direction,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another key part of the Stanford plan to reduce greenhouse emissions is to retrofit existing buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are nearly 200 buildings on campus that are larger than 20,000 square feet, roughly the size of a small supermarket. A 2004 study found that 12 buildings accounted for 33% of the campus’ electricity use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We put together a new program to look at a single building in detail and go top to bottom and find energy savings opportunities,” said Scott Gould, a senior energy engineer with the Department of Sustainability and Energy Management who oversees the Whole Building Retrofit Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2007, the campus approved $15 million in funding to retrofit these energy-intensive buildings, many of which contain research labs built in the 1960s, ‘70s and ‘80s. Some have annual energy bills of $2 million to $3 million each.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two building retrofits are currently taking place, one at Gilbert Hall, which houses the biology department, and the other at the Beckman Center for Molecular and Genetic Medicine. The fume hoods in them are being fitted with valves that can more efficiently regulate the flow and exhaust of air, so that instead of 10 air exchanges in an hour, there may only be six or eight. New valves also will control the total amount of air supplied to a room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a technology that wasn’t available in the ‘70s”, said Gould, whose job is compounded by the fact that the retrofit work needs to typically take place over short periods of time to minimize the impact to the still-active labs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s easier to design super-energy efficient buildings from the start than going back and retrofitting old ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/GreenU_Stanford_-026b.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>A view of the Y2E2 building. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The greenest building on Stanford’s campus – and a model for future construction – is the Jerry Yang and Akiko Yamazaki Energy + Environment Building, known as “Y2E2.” Opened in 2008, the four-story, L-shaped building uses 38 percent less energy and 90 percent less total water than older buildings – the latter feat accomplished in part by using recycled water for flushing toilets and rainwater for irrigating landscaping. Four atriums funnel natural light through angled skylights, and they also serve as the building’s lungs, drawing in fresh air and circulating heated air through vents that open and close automatically throughout the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/GreenU_Stanford_-010b.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>A skylight inside the Y2E2 building. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/GreenU_Stanford_-007b.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Looking down the atrium inside the Y2E2 building. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford also has solar power demonstration projects at seven locations on campus but they generate enough power currently to meet only two percent of the campus’ energy needs. Ahmed acknowledged that solar power has the potential to meet 10 percent of the sunny campus’ energy needs, but the university is continuing to track progress on solar power technology before committing to its wider use on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, students seem pleased with the university’s level of planning and implementation around sustainability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a period of tremendous uncertainty in what’s going to happen with California’s climate policy,” said Nath. “Without knowing that, it’s impossible to fairly plan for what type of renewable energy to use, and it’s difficult to compare the financing to see what’s the best decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Ten Hoeve is president of the \u003ca href=\"http://inversion.stanford.edu/swep/drupal/\">Stanford Solar and Wind Energy Project\u003c/a>, a group run mostly by graduate students trying to promote renewable energy at Stanford. “I believe I speak for the group when I say that we are very pleased with the new climate and energy plan”, Ten Hoeve said, while complimenting its Office of Sustainability for being “open-minded” to opportunities to cut Stanford’s carbon load.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford’s plan focuses on more near-term energy supply and conservation steps to curb campus emissions, but doesn’t fund much renewable energy at the moment. A chart laying out the expected emissions savings as color-coded wedges from building retrofits, heat recovery and other initiatives, has a wedge that corresponds to emissions savings through electricity generated by renewable means, like solar, wind and geothermal power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten Hoeve pointed out that the ‘green electricity’ wedge doesn’t kick in fully, however, until 2035. “If Stanford were to produce its own renewable energy, through a few well-sited local wind turbines for example, it would be great PR for the university at little to no cost, which is why we hope it will happen sooner than later”, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some students think that an array of solar panels, such as the one adorning the Y2E2 building, do more than just green the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important to have them in places where people can see them and when they come to Stanford, they’ll say, ‘oh, maybe solar panels are developing enough to be used on a wide scale’”, said Nath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Junior Eli Pollak, a member of \u003ca href=\"http://sustainability.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/index.php\">Students for a Sustainable Stanford\u003c/a>, said he’s impressed by the Stanford plan, but would have liked to have seen more students involved in drafting it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In keeping with Stanford’s educational mission, it would have been beneficial for the administration to have drawn on the intellect of the students and the students could have gained real-world experience to address climate change and see how a large institution approaches climate change and energy planning,” Pollak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford isn’t alone in trying to improve energy efficiency and reduce its carbon footprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.presidentsclimatecommitment.org/\">American College and University Presidents Climate Commitment\u003c/a> has recruited nearly 700 college and university presidents to cut more than 30 million metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions annually across their campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The niche that we were filling was helping people learn from each other,” said Paul Rowland, executive director of the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education, an organization that has created a tool to help universities and colleges that have signed the climate commitment measure and report their annual greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first university to have achieved carbon neutrality, Rowland said, is the College of the Atlantic in Bar Harbor, Maine, which it did in part by purchasing renewable energy credits to offset its greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford has declined to join the organization ever since 2006 when it was first asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Stanford commits to reductions it can meet. Committing to carbon neutrality without having the solutions at hand must have seemed not very authentic to the administration at the time,” said Ahmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford’s energy and climate plan also does not endorse the use of carbon offsets or renewable energy credits, citing in part their “regulatory uncertainty,” which suggests the university is more focused on projects campus officials can directly observe, control and monitor to track the progress on its emissions reductions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chancellors of the 10 campuses that make up the \u003ca href=\"http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/\">University of California\u003c/a> system have, however, signed onto the ACUPCC. The UC campuses have set a goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to 2000 levels by 2014 and to 1990 levels by 2020, while also eliminating all waste sent to landfills by 2020. After these targets have been met, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/sustainability/documents/policy_sustain_prac.pdf\">UC sustainability policy \u003c/a>directs the campuses to pursue carbon neutrality “as soon as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over the past five years, the UC system has saved $15 million by replacing aging lighting, heating and ventilation systems and expanding the monitoring and metering of campus buildings,” said Matthew St. Clair, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/sustainability/\">UC sustainability efforts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At UC Berkeley, energy efficiency projects such as changing leaky heating and cooling systems and installing more efficient lighting in its buildings, some of which are more than 100 years old, has cut the campus’ electricity use. At Tang Center, home to the university’s health services, an analysis revealed that the air circulation system was running 24 hours a day. So a new air circulation system was installed, saving the university each year enough electricity to power 46 single family homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC campuses are also exploring projects that will generate a total of 10 megawatts of on-site renewable energy by 2014. To date, three of them – Irvine, Merced and San Diego – have one-megawatt solar panel arrays installed at each of their campuses. The solar array at Merced spans nearly nine acres and provides the campus with nearly 20 percent of its annual energy needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a public institution that includes a mission of public service, we need to demonstrate to the taxpayers and voters of California that we are being good citizens in reducing our environmental impact, cutting costs through efficient resource consumption and modeling sustainability leadership”, said St. Clair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford’s Stagner said he similarly feels that colleges and universities don’t need to wait for a blueprint from the government to start tackling climate change, adding that they have a responsibility to “to help create the scientific, human, cultural, and political solutions to it, and to educate tomorrow’s leaders so that they may continue to work on this challenge and advance civilization toward a sustainable future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.427648 -122.166793\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/305258/go-big-green-stanford-lightens-its-carbon-load-2","authors":["6176"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_11765","quest_8","quest_9","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_66","quest_491","quest_1335","quest_13203","quest_2771","quest_2844"],"label":"quest"},"quest_48443":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_48443","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"48443","score":null,"sort":[1357342079000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"stanford-investigates-the-hits-that-cause-concussions","title":"Stanford Investigates the Hits that Cause Concussions","publishDate":1357342079,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>It's no secret that concussions are endemic in American football at every level, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2012/10/23/163499526/pop-warner-suspends-coaches-after-concussions\">from pewees to the pros\u003c/a>, but little is known about the hits that cause them. Stanford University is searching for answers by meticulously gathering data on every impact their football players sustain. The study is only in it's second year, but they've already made some interesting discoveries. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Camarillo is a bio-engineer at Stanford and a lead researcher on the project. He says “injury research is a tough thing to do because you usually see it only after it happens.” To see brain trauma in real time, Camarillo and his team have outfitted the football team with mouth guards that measure the physics of every hit. At practices, they use ultra-high-definition, slow-motion cameras to observe those collisions more closely and look for ways to prevent them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_48449\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 365px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/Mouth-Guards-White.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/Mouth-Guards-White.jpg\" alt=\"Mouth Guards with sensors\" title=\"Mouth Guards with sensors\" width=\"365\" height=\"278\" class=\"size-full wp-image-48449\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mouth Guards with sensors\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first startling discovery of the research is how little is known about the “injury mechanism” for concussions, that is, exactly how they are caused. People have long associated “getting your bell rung” with a hard hit, or a series of repeated impacts, but little data has been gathered on the nature of those hits. How hard does a hit need to be to cause a concussion outright? How many small, low-impact hits before a player begins to exhibit concussion symptoms?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The definition of a concussion is a fairly simple one: the damage caused when the brain smashes against the inside of the skull. They can come from one hard impact, or repeated low-speed hits. In the short term they cause things like dizziness and loss of memory; in the long-term they can cause severe neurodegeneration. But the diagnosis process for concussions is complex. Symptoms vary widely from player to player and can be easily lied about. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Anderson is the head athletic trainer at Stanford and he's helping to develop the mouth guard prototypes. He says right now there's no good way to analyze and diagnose concussions. With an injury like a sprained ankle or broken rib, a physician can use an MRI or an X-ray to look at the problem. With a concussion there's no way to peer inside the brain and see what's going on. “We can send you for a CT scan to look at your brain,” he says, “but your brain doesn't show us anything.” Instead, physicians have to rely on players to describe symptoms, and players can be highly unreliable. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent survey by Sporting News, more than half the players polled said they would hide symptoms to keep playing, and for good reason. A concussion can cost you your starting spot or, \u003ca href=\"http://news.yahoo.com/mcelroy-concussion-sanchez-start-jets-165809771--nfl.html\">in the case of Greg McElroy of the Jets, your moment to shine\u003c/a> . \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alex Smith of the 49ers learned the job-threatening implications of a concussion the hard way. When a concussion sidelined him earlier this season, the replacement quarterback Colin Kaepernick played well and took over his starting role. \u003ca href=\"http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1468395-colin-kaepernick-why-the-future-is-now-for-49ers-quarterback\">Now Kaepernick is flourishing while Smith watches from the bench. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the mouth guards there's no hiding or lying about hits. The team wears the mouth guards at all games and practices so that researchers can generate a comprehensive database of every impact they sustain. The sensors measure linear and angular acceleration—how fast the head is moving in one direction and rotating. The sensors may sound high tech, but actually, you might have some in your pocket right now. They are the same ones used in the iPhone 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camarillo says the mouth guards have already captured some startlingly hard hits, like the one that ended the season for a wide receiver. That collision registered an acceleration of 150 Gs, that's 150 times the acceleration gravity. “Pretty serious business,” he says, “a standard boxing punch is probably between 10-20 Gs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's just acceleration in one direction. The player's head was also spinning at 2000 degrees per second—which means his head would have rotated five and a half times in one second if it weren't anchored to the neck. While it has long been suspected that this kind of angular acceleration plays a role in concussions, Camarillo says no one has gathered data on it. What's more disturbing is that angular acceleration has been completely ignored when it comes to football safety measures. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The standard industry lab test for helmets is basically a plunger that smashes a helmet down onto a hard surface. The test hasn't changed much since it was first developed back in 1973 by NOCSAE, The National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment. The test doesn't account for angular acceleration at all. “The device,” Camarillo says, “doesn't have any kind of neck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of research groups are conducting similar studies by putting sensors in the helmets but athletic trainer Anderson argues that the mouth guards give more accurate results. He says the initial data has already revealed something new. Some hits they used to consider as just one are actually two successive collisions. The player has an initial impact during a tackle but the brain receives trauma again when the head collides with the ground. Anderson says the double hit is generating more concussion impacts than a single hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_48448\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 220px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/Hewitt.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/Hewitt.jpg\" alt=\"Senior fullback Ryan Hewitt \" title=\"Senior fullback Ryan Hewitt \" width=\"220\" height=\"335\" class=\"size-full wp-image-48448\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Senior fullback Ryan Hewitt \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For the freshmen players, Camarillo and his fellow researchers will be able to gather five years of data. He doesn't expect players at Stanford to have long-term damages if they just play at the collegiate level. But if brain problems begin to show up years down the road, the research team will have accurate records of the impacts they received playing college football. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The success of this study relies on a collaborative effort with a number of different departments at Stanford. Anderson says it's an unprecedented time of cooperation between the sports department, various research groups, and the players. Senior Fullback Ryan Hewitt says he's happy to be part of the study, even though he and his fellow players are “sort of the guinea pigs.” “I figure we might as well use someone,” he says, “and why not use us.” Hewitt hopes the data will help researchers figure out a little more about why concussions happen and eventually develop ways to prevent them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camarillo says it's going to take a long time to get any answers to those questions. Even with a big pool of data, he thinks it will be five to ten years before they can even begin to crack what causes concussions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>* The US Senate has organized \u003ca href=\"http://www.iom.edu/Activities/Children/YouthSportsConcussions.aspx\">a committee to conduct an in-depth study on sports-related concussions\u003c/a>. They will be having their first meeting on Monday, January 7th.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"It's no secret that concussions are endemic in American football at every level, from peewees to the pros, but little is known about the hits that cause them. Stanford University is searching for answers.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450490581,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":1165},"headData":{"title":"Stanford Investigates the Hits that Cause Concussions | KQED","description":"It's no secret that concussions are endemic in American football at every level, from peewees to the pros, but little is known about the hits that cause them. Stanford University is searching for answers.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Stanford Investigates the Hits that Cause Concussions","datePublished":"2013-01-04T23:27:59.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-19T02:03:01.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"48443 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=48443","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/01/04/stanford-investigates-the-hits-that-cause-concussions/","disqusTitle":"Stanford Investigates the Hits that Cause Concussions","source":"Health","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/health/","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2013/01/20130107science.mp3","path":"/quest/48443/stanford-investigates-the-hits-that-cause-concussions","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It's no secret that concussions are endemic in American football at every level, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2012/10/23/163499526/pop-warner-suspends-coaches-after-concussions\">from pewees to the pros\u003c/a>, but little is known about the hits that cause them. Stanford University is searching for answers by meticulously gathering data on every impact their football players sustain. The study is only in it's second year, but they've already made some interesting discoveries. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Camarillo is a bio-engineer at Stanford and a lead researcher on the project. He says “injury research is a tough thing to do because you usually see it only after it happens.” To see brain trauma in real time, Camarillo and his team have outfitted the football team with mouth guards that measure the physics of every hit. At practices, they use ultra-high-definition, slow-motion cameras to observe those collisions more closely and look for ways to prevent them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_48449\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 365px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/Mouth-Guards-White.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/Mouth-Guards-White.jpg\" alt=\"Mouth Guards with sensors\" title=\"Mouth Guards with sensors\" width=\"365\" height=\"278\" class=\"size-full wp-image-48449\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mouth Guards with sensors\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first startling discovery of the research is how little is known about the “injury mechanism” for concussions, that is, exactly how they are caused. People have long associated “getting your bell rung” with a hard hit, or a series of repeated impacts, but little data has been gathered on the nature of those hits. How hard does a hit need to be to cause a concussion outright? How many small, low-impact hits before a player begins to exhibit concussion symptoms?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The definition of a concussion is a fairly simple one: the damage caused when the brain smashes against the inside of the skull. They can come from one hard impact, or repeated low-speed hits. In the short term they cause things like dizziness and loss of memory; in the long-term they can cause severe neurodegeneration. But the diagnosis process for concussions is complex. Symptoms vary widely from player to player and can be easily lied about. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Anderson is the head athletic trainer at Stanford and he's helping to develop the mouth guard prototypes. He says right now there's no good way to analyze and diagnose concussions. With an injury like a sprained ankle or broken rib, a physician can use an MRI or an X-ray to look at the problem. With a concussion there's no way to peer inside the brain and see what's going on. “We can send you for a CT scan to look at your brain,” he says, “but your brain doesn't show us anything.” Instead, physicians have to rely on players to describe symptoms, and players can be highly unreliable. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent survey by Sporting News, more than half the players polled said they would hide symptoms to keep playing, and for good reason. A concussion can cost you your starting spot or, \u003ca href=\"http://news.yahoo.com/mcelroy-concussion-sanchez-start-jets-165809771--nfl.html\">in the case of Greg McElroy of the Jets, your moment to shine\u003c/a> . \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alex Smith of the 49ers learned the job-threatening implications of a concussion the hard way. When a concussion sidelined him earlier this season, the replacement quarterback Colin Kaepernick played well and took over his starting role. \u003ca href=\"http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1468395-colin-kaepernick-why-the-future-is-now-for-49ers-quarterback\">Now Kaepernick is flourishing while Smith watches from the bench. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the mouth guards there's no hiding or lying about hits. The team wears the mouth guards at all games and practices so that researchers can generate a comprehensive database of every impact they sustain. The sensors measure linear and angular acceleration—how fast the head is moving in one direction and rotating. The sensors may sound high tech, but actually, you might have some in your pocket right now. They are the same ones used in the iPhone 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camarillo says the mouth guards have already captured some startlingly hard hits, like the one that ended the season for a wide receiver. That collision registered an acceleration of 150 Gs, that's 150 times the acceleration gravity. “Pretty serious business,” he says, “a standard boxing punch is probably between 10-20 Gs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's just acceleration in one direction. The player's head was also spinning at 2000 degrees per second—which means his head would have rotated five and a half times in one second if it weren't anchored to the neck. While it has long been suspected that this kind of angular acceleration plays a role in concussions, Camarillo says no one has gathered data on it. What's more disturbing is that angular acceleration has been completely ignored when it comes to football safety measures. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The standard industry lab test for helmets is basically a plunger that smashes a helmet down onto a hard surface. The test hasn't changed much since it was first developed back in 1973 by NOCSAE, The National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment. The test doesn't account for angular acceleration at all. “The device,” Camarillo says, “doesn't have any kind of neck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of research groups are conducting similar studies by putting sensors in the helmets but athletic trainer Anderson argues that the mouth guards give more accurate results. He says the initial data has already revealed something new. Some hits they used to consider as just one are actually two successive collisions. The player has an initial impact during a tackle but the brain receives trauma again when the head collides with the ground. Anderson says the double hit is generating more concussion impacts than a single hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_48448\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 220px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/Hewitt.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/Hewitt.jpg\" alt=\"Senior fullback Ryan Hewitt \" title=\"Senior fullback Ryan Hewitt \" width=\"220\" height=\"335\" class=\"size-full wp-image-48448\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Senior fullback Ryan Hewitt \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For the freshmen players, Camarillo and his fellow researchers will be able to gather five years of data. He doesn't expect players at Stanford to have long-term damages if they just play at the collegiate level. But if brain problems begin to show up years down the road, the research team will have accurate records of the impacts they received playing college football. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The success of this study relies on a collaborative effort with a number of different departments at Stanford. Anderson says it's an unprecedented time of cooperation between the sports department, various research groups, and the players. Senior Fullback Ryan Hewitt says he's happy to be part of the study, even though he and his fellow players are “sort of the guinea pigs.” “I figure we might as well use someone,” he says, “and why not use us.” Hewitt hopes the data will help researchers figure out a little more about why concussions happen and eventually develop ways to prevent them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camarillo says it's going to take a long time to get any answers to those questions. Even with a big pool of data, he thinks it will be five to ten years before they can even begin to crack what causes concussions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>* The US Senate has organized \u003ca href=\"http://www.iom.edu/Activities/Children/YouthSportsConcussions.aspx\">a committee to conduct an in-depth study on sports-related concussions\u003c/a>. They will be having their first meeting on Monday, January 7th.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/48443/stanford-investigates-the-hits-that-cause-concussions","authors":["253"],"categories":["quest_12","quest_17"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_3527","quest_3578","quest_13201","quest_11194","quest_13203","quest_2771"],"featImg":"quest_48464","label":"source_quest_48443"},"quest_44624":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_44624","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"44624","score":null,"sort":[1348597171000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"your-videos-on-quest-steve-fyffe","title":"Your Videos on QUEST: Steve Fyffe","publishDate":1348597171,"format":"video","headTitle":"Your Videos on QUEST | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":3300,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>As a science journalist, I receive multiple press releases every day. Their topics can range from food recalls from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to the launch of a new camera that detects dark energy to new genetic research about how a rare cheetah got its stripes. Some catch my attention and others are easily deleted. Some, I'm afraid, get missed completely. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luckily, this was not the case with an innocent-looking press release sent from the Stanford News Service to our KQED Science News inbox back in early June, 2012. The header was, \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/news/2012/june/jasper-ridge-cameras-060112.html\">\"Caught on tape: The nightlife of animals at Stanford's Jasper Ridge preserve\"\u003c/a>. I was intrigued. Ever since I had the chance to track mountain lions in the Santa Cruz mountains with researcher \u003ca href=\"http://people.ucsc.edu/~cwilmers/projects.html\">Chris Wilmers\u003c/a> who employs motion-activated cameras to \"trap\" his elusive prey, I've been interested in this technology. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44697\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/coyote-x2.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"coyote x2\" width=\"640\" height=\"380\" class=\"size-full wp-image-44697\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/coyote-x2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/coyote-x2-400x238.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pair of coyotes walk by one of the camera traps at Jasper Ridge. Video still courtesy of Stanford News Service\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The solar-powered cameras at Stanford's Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve – a 1,200 acre research site located in the Santa Cruz Mountains, 3 miles west of the Stanford campus- automatically record video or photographs when a creature is in the vicinity; night vision means the scientists never miss a moment. The researchers have an opportunity to observe animals going about their usual business, away from the world of human disturbance.The animals seem so comfortable walking around in the shroud of darkness and with the possible exception of the curious deer, so completely unaware that they are being watched by a bunch of scientists. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44752\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Deer-eye.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Deer eye\" width=\"640\" height=\"375\" class=\"size-full wp-image-44752\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Deer-eye.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Deer-eye-400x234.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A curious deer inspects the motion-activated camera at Jasper Ridge. Video still courtesy of Stanford News Service. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The video press release, produced by Steve Fyffe of the Stanford News Service, gives us a sense of the great diversity of wildlife at Jasper Ridge through secret footage of bobcats, deer, mountain lions, hummingbirds, skunks, coyotes, opossum, jackrabbits and several others. It's fun to think about all these wild animals roaming around a few miles away from the Stanford campus. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fyffe has also interviewed the researchers who are using the camera traps to learn more about the behavior of the creatures of interest to them. Assistant Professor Tadashi Fukami studies hummingbirds. The cameras have allowed his team to make subtle observations they had missed before. \"By using the cameras we realized that hummingbirds like to go to the unopened flowers,\" Fukami said. \"We used to assume that they waited for the flowers to bloom, but they like to poke into unopened flowers to get fresh nectar.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44731\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Hummingbird_2-turn_scale.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Hummingbird_2 turn_scale\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-44731\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Hummingbird_2-turn_scale.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Hummingbird_2-turn_scale-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A hummingbird feeds on nectar at Jasper Ridge. Video still courtesy of Stanford News Service.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Videos and photos are instantaneously uploaded, thanks to a new wireless network infrastructure that covers almost the entire preserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jasper Ridge Data Manager, Trevor Hebert says the cameras and wireless infrastructure have been invaluable to researchers. \"The video cameras are actually giving us a kind of view of a world that is close by, but that we just don’t see.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44809\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Bobcat.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Bobcat\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-44809\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Bobcat.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Bobcat-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bobcat triggers a motion-activated camera at Jasper Ridge. Video still courtesy of Stanford News Service. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Motion-activated cameras at Stanford University's Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve provide scientists a window into the secret lives of the animals there. This short video by the Stanford News Service reveals how these \"camera traps\" work and shows some of the amazing animals that roam around Jasper Ridge at night. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457566833,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":538},"headData":{"title":"Your Videos on QUEST: Steve Fyffe | KQED","description":"Motion-activated cameras at Stanford University's Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve provide scientists a window into the secret lives of the animals there. This short video by the Stanford News Service reveals how these "camera traps" work and shows some of the amazing animals that roam around Jasper Ridge at night. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Your Videos on QUEST: Steve Fyffe","datePublished":"2012-09-25T18:19:31.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-09T23:40:33.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"44624 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=videos&p=44624","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/25/your-videos-on-quest-steve-fyffe/","disqusTitle":"Your Videos on QUEST: Steve Fyffe","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9VfgQQD8aqs","path":"/quest/44624/your-videos-on-quest-steve-fyffe","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As a science journalist, I receive multiple press releases every day. Their topics can range from food recalls from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to the launch of a new camera that detects dark energy to new genetic research about how a rare cheetah got its stripes. Some catch my attention and others are easily deleted. Some, I'm afraid, get missed completely. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luckily, this was not the case with an innocent-looking press release sent from the Stanford News Service to our KQED Science News inbox back in early June, 2012. The header was, \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/news/2012/june/jasper-ridge-cameras-060112.html\">\"Caught on tape: The nightlife of animals at Stanford's Jasper Ridge preserve\"\u003c/a>. I was intrigued. Ever since I had the chance to track mountain lions in the Santa Cruz mountains with researcher \u003ca href=\"http://people.ucsc.edu/~cwilmers/projects.html\">Chris Wilmers\u003c/a> who employs motion-activated cameras to \"trap\" his elusive prey, I've been interested in this technology. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44697\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/coyote-x2.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"coyote x2\" width=\"640\" height=\"380\" class=\"size-full wp-image-44697\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/coyote-x2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/coyote-x2-400x238.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pair of coyotes walk by one of the camera traps at Jasper Ridge. Video still courtesy of Stanford News Service\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The solar-powered cameras at Stanford's Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve – a 1,200 acre research site located in the Santa Cruz Mountains, 3 miles west of the Stanford campus- automatically record video or photographs when a creature is in the vicinity; night vision means the scientists never miss a moment. The researchers have an opportunity to observe animals going about their usual business, away from the world of human disturbance.The animals seem so comfortable walking around in the shroud of darkness and with the possible exception of the curious deer, so completely unaware that they are being watched by a bunch of scientists. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44752\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Deer-eye.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Deer eye\" width=\"640\" height=\"375\" class=\"size-full wp-image-44752\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Deer-eye.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Deer-eye-400x234.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A curious deer inspects the motion-activated camera at Jasper Ridge. Video still courtesy of Stanford News Service. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The video press release, produced by Steve Fyffe of the Stanford News Service, gives us a sense of the great diversity of wildlife at Jasper Ridge through secret footage of bobcats, deer, mountain lions, hummingbirds, skunks, coyotes, opossum, jackrabbits and several others. It's fun to think about all these wild animals roaming around a few miles away from the Stanford campus. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fyffe has also interviewed the researchers who are using the camera traps to learn more about the behavior of the creatures of interest to them. Assistant Professor Tadashi Fukami studies hummingbirds. The cameras have allowed his team to make subtle observations they had missed before. \"By using the cameras we realized that hummingbirds like to go to the unopened flowers,\" Fukami said. \"We used to assume that they waited for the flowers to bloom, but they like to poke into unopened flowers to get fresh nectar.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44731\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Hummingbird_2-turn_scale.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Hummingbird_2 turn_scale\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-44731\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Hummingbird_2-turn_scale.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Hummingbird_2-turn_scale-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A hummingbird feeds on nectar at Jasper Ridge. Video still courtesy of Stanford News Service.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Videos and photos are instantaneously uploaded, thanks to a new wireless network infrastructure that covers almost the entire preserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jasper Ridge Data Manager, Trevor Hebert says the cameras and wireless infrastructure have been invaluable to researchers. \"The video cameras are actually giving us a kind of view of a world that is close by, but that we just don’t see.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44809\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Bobcat.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Bobcat\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-44809\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Bobcat.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Bobcat-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bobcat triggers a motion-activated camera at Jasper Ridge. Video still courtesy of Stanford News Service. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/44624/your-videos-on-quest-steve-fyffe","authors":["209"],"series":["quest_3300"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_467","quest_11483","quest_1519","quest_1880","quest_13","quest_2771","quest_2893","quest_3071","quest_3155"],"featImg":"quest_44833","label":"quest_3300"},"quest_38400":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_38400","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"38400","score":null,"sort":[1337256009000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-ribbon-cutting-with-a-green-twist","title":"A Ribbon Cutting with a Green Twist","publishDate":1337256009,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Clean Car Diaries | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":10636,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38676\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/17/a-ribbon-cutting-with-a-green-twist/picture-2-3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38676\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38676\" title=\"Gas Hose Ribbon Cutting\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Picture-22-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo of Ribbon Cutting by Christopher Lane\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>5/22/12 Update: I was just sent images from Christopher Lane, Assistant Director of Marketing at the Stanford Shopping Center, who helped produce this press event so I'm updating this blog with one of his images. (A link to all the images is given at the end of this blog.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the afternoon of Tuesday, May 15, 2012, I hitched a ride with my closest friend from San Francisco out to Palo Alto to attend the ribbon cutting for the first public fast charger in California for electric vehicles in Stanford Mall. This was definitely a green carpet event as it took place in the shopping mall’s garage within walking distance of the fast charger. Many people drove in zero emission cars to attend and the podium was lined on both sides with electric vehicles. Out of the many electric vehicles that were parked, most of them were \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/12/life-with-the-leaf-lessons-from-an-early-adopter/\">Nissan Leafs\u003c/a>, the same model we drove in from San Francisco. I counted 17 electric vehicles in all which I was told was a modest turnout at a EV event!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now I’m not new to electric vehicles and the infrastructure. I tagged along with Obrie Hostetter, the Northern California EV Infrastructure Director at \u003ca href=\"http://350green.com/\">350 Green\u003c/a>, a developer of electric vehicle (EV) charging station networks. Her company, along with a partnership with the city of Palo Alto and John Ryan Company, Inc., was responsible for the permitting and construction necessary to place the Level 3 Fast Charger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A level 2 charger will take about 7 hours to fully charge an EV battery; the Level 3 fast charger can charge the battery up to 80% in 30 minutes. Most EV owners do the majority of their charging at night at home and stay within a close proximity mitigating \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/03/life-with-the-leaf-5-tips-to-beat-range-anxiety/\">“range anxiety”\u003c/a>. To give you an example: the ideal range of a Nissan Leaf for freeway driving is about 100 miles. With an infrastructure of fast chargers, that range can be increased without spending a lot of time to recharge the battery. This is just the first step in a fast charger infrastructure, as plans are in place to install 25 public fast chargers near retail locations by the fall of 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EV drivers sign up for a payment \u003ca href=\"https://350green.com/card/\">card\u003c/a> from 350Green to use the fast charger station. Use of the card and how to properly use the station was demonstrated after remarks from Palo Alto's Mayor Yiaway Yeh as well as the partners involved in making the public charging station possible. There were quite a few statistics that came out that were enlightening about this new technological movement: 1) There are over 3000 EVs in the Silicon Valley making Palo Alto a great corner stone for the EV infrastructure; the fast charger has already gotten quite a bit of use -- since being turned on, it’s been used 3 to 4 times a day; 136 EV drivers have already signed up for the payment card to use at the station and the infrastructure to follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what is the best ribbon to cut at such a green event? Applause went up when a gas hose was cut in front of the fast charger station and the Nissan Leaf it was charging with 100% renewable energy!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More photos of this event can be found \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.10150963301784462.478479.179798759461&type=1http://\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"On the afternoon of Tuesday, May 15, 2012, I hitched a ride with my closest friend from San Francisco out to Palo Alto to attend the ribbon cutting for the first public fast charger in California for electric vehicles in Stanford Mall.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1367354361,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":568},"headData":{"title":"A Ribbon Cutting with a Green Twist | KQED","description":"On the afternoon of Tuesday, May 15, 2012, I hitched a ride with my closest friend from San Francisco out to Palo Alto to attend the ribbon cutting for the first public fast charger in California for electric vehicles in Stanford Mall.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"A Ribbon Cutting with a Green Twist","datePublished":"2012-05-17T12:00:09.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-30T20:39:21.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"38400 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=38400","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/17/a-ribbon-cutting-with-a-green-twist/","disqusTitle":"A Ribbon Cutting with a Green Twist","path":"/quest/38400/a-ribbon-cutting-with-a-green-twist","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38676\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/17/a-ribbon-cutting-with-a-green-twist/picture-2-3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38676\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38676\" title=\"Gas Hose Ribbon Cutting\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Picture-22-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo of Ribbon Cutting by Christopher Lane\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>5/22/12 Update: I was just sent images from Christopher Lane, Assistant Director of Marketing at the Stanford Shopping Center, who helped produce this press event so I'm updating this blog with one of his images. (A link to all the images is given at the end of this blog.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the afternoon of Tuesday, May 15, 2012, I hitched a ride with my closest friend from San Francisco out to Palo Alto to attend the ribbon cutting for the first public fast charger in California for electric vehicles in Stanford Mall. This was definitely a green carpet event as it took place in the shopping mall’s garage within walking distance of the fast charger. Many people drove in zero emission cars to attend and the podium was lined on both sides with electric vehicles. Out of the many electric vehicles that were parked, most of them were \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/12/life-with-the-leaf-lessons-from-an-early-adopter/\">Nissan Leafs\u003c/a>, the same model we drove in from San Francisco. I counted 17 electric vehicles in all which I was told was a modest turnout at a EV event!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now I’m not new to electric vehicles and the infrastructure. I tagged along with Obrie Hostetter, the Northern California EV Infrastructure Director at \u003ca href=\"http://350green.com/\">350 Green\u003c/a>, a developer of electric vehicle (EV) charging station networks. Her company, along with a partnership with the city of Palo Alto and John Ryan Company, Inc., was responsible for the permitting and construction necessary to place the Level 3 Fast Charger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A level 2 charger will take about 7 hours to fully charge an EV battery; the Level 3 fast charger can charge the battery up to 80% in 30 minutes. Most EV owners do the majority of their charging at night at home and stay within a close proximity mitigating \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/03/life-with-the-leaf-5-tips-to-beat-range-anxiety/\">“range anxiety”\u003c/a>. To give you an example: the ideal range of a Nissan Leaf for freeway driving is about 100 miles. With an infrastructure of fast chargers, that range can be increased without spending a lot of time to recharge the battery. This is just the first step in a fast charger infrastructure, as plans are in place to install 25 public fast chargers near retail locations by the fall of 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EV drivers sign up for a payment \u003ca href=\"https://350green.com/card/\">card\u003c/a> from 350Green to use the fast charger station. Use of the card and how to properly use the station was demonstrated after remarks from Palo Alto's Mayor Yiaway Yeh as well as the partners involved in making the public charging station possible. There were quite a few statistics that came out that were enlightening about this new technological movement: 1) There are over 3000 EVs in the Silicon Valley making Palo Alto a great corner stone for the EV infrastructure; the fast charger has already gotten quite a bit of use -- since being turned on, it’s been used 3 to 4 times a day; 136 EV drivers have already signed up for the payment card to use at the station and the infrastructure to follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what is the best ribbon to cut at such a green event? Applause went up when a gas hose was cut in front of the fast charger station and the Nissan Leaf it was charging with 100% renewable energy!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More photos of this event can be found \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.10150963301784462.478479.179798759461&type=1http://\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/38400/a-ribbon-cutting-with-a-green-twist","authors":["10173"],"series":["quest_10636"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_11765","quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_438","quest_499","quest_953","quest_984","quest_10850","quest_1262","quest_3351","quest_1997","quest_2349","quest_13202","quest_2771"],"featImg":"quest_38676","label":"quest_10636"},"quest_36001":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_36001","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"36001","score":null,"sort":[1335555177000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"celebrating-earth-day-in-the-age-of-man","title":"Celebrating Earth Day in the Age of Man","publishDate":1335555177,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36002\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/27/celebrating-earth-day-in-the-age-of-man/hands-on-a-globe/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-36002\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-36002\" title=\"Hands on a globe\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/earth-day-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"540\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Earth in our hands for the future / Credit: Royalty-free image from Corbis\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>How did you celebrate Earth Day? This year an estimated 1 billion people participated in Earth Day events world-wide around April 22. For the last 42 years, this international day of awareness-raising and festivities has provided a needed focus on the health of local ecosystems and our planet. While a lot of good has come from the \u003ca title=\"Earth Day: history of the movement\" href=\"http://www.earthday.org/earth-day-history-movement\" target=\"_blank\">first Earth Day\u003c/a> begun by Senator Nelson and his “teach-in” on the mall in Washington D.C. in 1970, much remains to be done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humanity’s impact on the Earth is accelerating at an unprecedented rate. Some scientists at Stanford are taking a new look at geologic time and are proposing we’ve entered into a new geologic era: the Anthropocene. Most scientists recognize the \u003ca title=\"Geologic Time defined\" href=\"http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/quaternary/holocene.php\" target=\"_blank\">Holocene\u003c/a>, our current era, in the grand scale of geologic time. The Holocene is also called the Anthropogene, meaning the “Age of Man”. This geologic era spans from the last major Ice Age and includes ancient civilizations as well as our current time. There are fascinating interviews on the \u003ca title=\"Anthropocene Generation website\" href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/group/anthropocene/cgi-bin/wordpress/\" target=\"_blank\">Anthropocene Generation\u003c/a> website with professors and researchers from multiple disciplines exploring the question of when the era began. They're also trying to determine what’s been affected by our activities; evidently, there remains very little that we haven't impacted in some way. \u003ca title=\"Aldo Leopold early conservationist\" href=\"http://www.aldoleopold.org/AldoLeopold/leopold_bio.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">Aldo Leopold\u003c/a> had a saying that you shouldn’t throw away any of the parts if you “tinker” with natural systems. Predictions forecast that a stunning 20% of the world’s species will go extinct in the next 25 years, a serious loss of parts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With our fingerprints present in every part of the earth -- far-flung seas, the highest mountains and from pole to pole -- we need to consider our sheer numbers and the impacts of our lifestyles. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36005\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 317px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/27/celebrating-earth-day-in-the-age-of-man/mom-blog/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-36005\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-36005 \" title=\"Blue Marble in the Balance\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/Mom-Blog-317x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"317\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Blue Marble in the Balance by Tanner Embry\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There’s hope when there are people concerned about the environment who take action. President Obama said in 2010, \"The true story of the environmental movement is not about the laws that have been passed. It’s about the citizens who have come together time and time again to demand cleaner air, healthier drinking water and safer food -– and who have demanded that their representatives in government hold polluters accountable.\" (\u003ca href=\"http://www.voanews.com/policy/editorials/Earth-Day-2012-148542905.html\">Voice of America News\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So help keep the Earth Day spirit going: organize a beach or neighborhood cleanup, plant a tree or native plant garden, choose to live more lightly on the Earth (and here's a \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthday.org/footprint-calculator\">quiz\u003c/a> that will help you find your environmental footprint). Keep encouraging our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/nature-deficit-disorder/\">kids to get outdoors\u003c/a> and help them connect with nature so they will also value our irreplaceable home planet. Celebrate Earth Day every day, keep it alive and well for everyone’s sake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Additonal Links:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca title=\"Earth Day 2012 photos from around San Francisco Bay Area\" href=\"http://photos.mercurynews.com/2012/04/earth-day-2012-around-the-san-francisco-bay/9354/#22\" target=\"_blank\">Photos of Earth Day 2012\u003c/a> from around the Bay Area\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"How did you celebrate Earth Day? This year an estimated 1 billion people participated in Earth Day events world-wide around April 22.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1336072661,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":514},"headData":{"title":"Celebrating Earth Day in the Age of Man | KQED","description":"How did you celebrate Earth Day? This year an estimated 1 billion people participated in Earth Day events world-wide around April 22.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Celebrating Earth Day in the Age of Man","datePublished":"2012-04-27T19:32:57.000Z","dateModified":"2012-05-03T19:17:41.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"36001 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=36001","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/27/celebrating-earth-day-in-the-age-of-man/","disqusTitle":"Celebrating Earth Day in the Age of Man","path":"/quest/36001/celebrating-earth-day-in-the-age-of-man","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36002\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/27/celebrating-earth-day-in-the-age-of-man/hands-on-a-globe/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-36002\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-36002\" title=\"Hands on a globe\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/earth-day-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"540\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Earth in our hands for the future / Credit: Royalty-free image from Corbis\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>How did you celebrate Earth Day? This year an estimated 1 billion people participated in Earth Day events world-wide around April 22. For the last 42 years, this international day of awareness-raising and festivities has provided a needed focus on the health of local ecosystems and our planet. While a lot of good has come from the \u003ca title=\"Earth Day: history of the movement\" href=\"http://www.earthday.org/earth-day-history-movement\" target=\"_blank\">first Earth Day\u003c/a> begun by Senator Nelson and his “teach-in” on the mall in Washington D.C. in 1970, much remains to be done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humanity’s impact on the Earth is accelerating at an unprecedented rate. Some scientists at Stanford are taking a new look at geologic time and are proposing we’ve entered into a new geologic era: the Anthropocene. Most scientists recognize the \u003ca title=\"Geologic Time defined\" href=\"http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/quaternary/holocene.php\" target=\"_blank\">Holocene\u003c/a>, our current era, in the grand scale of geologic time. The Holocene is also called the Anthropogene, meaning the “Age of Man”. This geologic era spans from the last major Ice Age and includes ancient civilizations as well as our current time. There are fascinating interviews on the \u003ca title=\"Anthropocene Generation website\" href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/group/anthropocene/cgi-bin/wordpress/\" target=\"_blank\">Anthropocene Generation\u003c/a> website with professors and researchers from multiple disciplines exploring the question of when the era began. They're also trying to determine what’s been affected by our activities; evidently, there remains very little that we haven't impacted in some way. \u003ca title=\"Aldo Leopold early conservationist\" href=\"http://www.aldoleopold.org/AldoLeopold/leopold_bio.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">Aldo Leopold\u003c/a> had a saying that you shouldn’t throw away any of the parts if you “tinker” with natural systems. Predictions forecast that a stunning 20% of the world’s species will go extinct in the next 25 years, a serious loss of parts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With our fingerprints present in every part of the earth -- far-flung seas, the highest mountains and from pole to pole -- we need to consider our sheer numbers and the impacts of our lifestyles. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36005\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 317px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/27/celebrating-earth-day-in-the-age-of-man/mom-blog/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-36005\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-36005 \" title=\"Blue Marble in the Balance\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/Mom-Blog-317x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"317\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Blue Marble in the Balance by Tanner Embry\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There’s hope when there are people concerned about the environment who take action. President Obama said in 2010, \"The true story of the environmental movement is not about the laws that have been passed. It’s about the citizens who have come together time and time again to demand cleaner air, healthier drinking water and safer food -– and who have demanded that their representatives in government hold polluters accountable.\" (\u003ca href=\"http://www.voanews.com/policy/editorials/Earth-Day-2012-148542905.html\">Voice of America News\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So help keep the Earth Day spirit going: organize a beach or neighborhood cleanup, plant a tree or native plant garden, choose to live more lightly on the Earth (and here's a \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthday.org/footprint-calculator\">quiz\u003c/a> that will help you find your environmental footprint). Keep encouraging our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/nature-deficit-disorder/\">kids to get outdoors\u003c/a> and help them connect with nature so they will also value our irreplaceable home planet. Celebrate Earth Day every day, keep it alive and well for everyone’s sake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Additonal Links:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca title=\"Earth Day 2012 photos from around San Francisco Bay Area\" href=\"http://photos.mercurynews.com/2012/04/earth-day-2012-around-the-san-francisco-bay/9354/#22\" target=\"_blank\">Photos of Earth Day 2012\u003c/a> from around the Bay Area\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/36001/celebrating-earth-day-in-the-age-of-man","authors":["6328"],"categories":["quest_9"],"tags":["quest_11020","quest_684","quest_903","quest_11021","quest_3307","quest_13202","quest_2771"],"featImg":"quest_36002","label":"quest"},"quest_23755":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_23755","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"23755","score":null,"sort":[1315324833000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"stanford-engineering-offers-free-online-classes","title":"Stanford Engineering Offers Free Online Classes","publishDate":1315324833,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/06/stanford-engineering-offers-free-online-classes/introduction-to-artificial-intelligence-fall-2011/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-23757\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Introduction-to-Artificial-Intelligence-Fall-2011-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Introduction to Artificial Intelligence - Fall 2011\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-23757\">\u003c/a>For the first time in its history, Stanford is offering several of its engineering classes online for free. Unlike free class recordings which can be found in abundance on iTunes U, these classes will provide students will full course materials as well as asking students to complete homework and exams. In return, online participants will receive a certificate of completion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford has three classes up for online registrations: \u003ca href=\"http://www.ai-class.com/\">Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI)\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.db-class.com/\">Introduction to Databases\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ml-class.com/\">Machine Learning\u003c/a>. Since opening registration this August, over 100,000 people have registered for these three courses combined. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three courses begin on October 10th. As with the Introduction to AI course, there is a basic track and an advanced track. The basic track requires participants to watch lectures and complete quizzes while the advanced track also requires homework and exam participation. Both tracks provide a certificate of completion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With everything free, there are some limitations. These classes do not count as Stanford university credit and do not provide direct access to the instructor. I might not be an expert in computer science, but I am definitely interested enough to follow at least one of these classes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let us know in the comments what you think of Stanford's offer and if you plan to take any of these courses!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Stanford is offering anyone with a computer and an internet connection an unprecedented opportunity to take free online courses with its engineering department.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1317771837,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":7,"wordCount":219},"headData":{"title":"Stanford Engineering Offers Free Online Classes | KQED","description":"Stanford is offering anyone with a computer and an internet connection an unprecedented opportunity to take free online courses with its engineering department.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Stanford Engineering Offers Free Online Classes","datePublished":"2011-09-06T16:00:33.000Z","dateModified":"2011-10-04T23:43:57.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"23755 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=23755","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/06/stanford-engineering-offers-free-online-classes/","disqusTitle":"Stanford Engineering Offers Free Online Classes","path":"/quest/23755/stanford-engineering-offers-free-online-classes","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/06/stanford-engineering-offers-free-online-classes/introduction-to-artificial-intelligence-fall-2011/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-23757\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Introduction-to-Artificial-Intelligence-Fall-2011-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Introduction to Artificial Intelligence - Fall 2011\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-23757\">\u003c/a>For the first time in its history, Stanford is offering several of its engineering classes online for free. Unlike free class recordings which can be found in abundance on iTunes U, these classes will provide students will full course materials as well as asking students to complete homework and exams. In return, online participants will receive a certificate of completion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford has three classes up for online registrations: \u003ca href=\"http://www.ai-class.com/\">Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI)\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.db-class.com/\">Introduction to Databases\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ml-class.com/\">Machine Learning\u003c/a>. Since opening registration this August, over 100,000 people have registered for these three courses combined. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three courses begin on October 10th. As with the Introduction to AI course, there is a basic track and an advanced track. The basic track requires participants to watch lectures and complete quizzes while the advanced track also requires homework and exam participation. Both tracks provide a certificate of completion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With everything free, there are some limitations. These classes do not count as Stanford university credit and do not provide direct access to the instructor. I might not be an expert in computer science, but I am definitely interested enough to follow at least one of these classes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let us know in the comments what you think of Stanford's offer and if you plan to take any of these courses!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/23755/stanford-engineering-offers-free-online-classes","authors":["10174"],"categories":["quest_8"],"tags":["quest_88","quest_10067","quest_13196","quest_13197","quest_1707","quest_10066","quest_13202","quest_2771"],"featImg":"quest_23757","label":"quest"},"quest_21244":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_21244","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"21244","score":null,"sort":[1311700191000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"stanford-students-create-kinect-powered-jedibot","title":"Stanford Students Create Kinect-Powered 'JediBot'","publishDate":1311700191,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21247\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/26/stanford-students-create-kinect-powered-jedibot/robot/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21247\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/robot-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"robot\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-21247\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Randomskk via Flickr\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A group of Stanford engineering students channeled their love of Star Wars to create a 'JediBot', a Kinect-powered robot that is strong with the force. \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VuSCErmoYpY\">Check out the video here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JediBot wields a foam sword (or light saber) which can effectively fight against attack by another foam sword in an epic battle between the powers of good and the forces of evil (insert maniacal laugh, mwahahahahahahahaha).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kinect hacking has been extremely popular since the device was released last year for the Xbox 360. The Kinect includes several cameras and infrared sensors which allow it to detect moving objects with a great deal of accuracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Programmed into the JediBot are a series of attack motions. Under normal conditions, JediBot would only be able to fight if it knew what attack was coming and could plan out its next move. However, thanks to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.reflexxes.com/\">Reflexxes Motion Libraries\u003c/a> developed by Stanford visiting entrepreneur and researcher Torsten Kroeger, JediBot can react to events on-the-fly in less than a millisecond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While we might not see JediBot's roaming the street anytime soon, the ability for the robot to interact in real time could have a lot of wide ranging implications for the future of robotics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VuSCErmoYpY]\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A group of Stanford engineering students channeled their love of Star Wars to create a 'JediBot', a Kinect-powered robot that is strong with the force.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1312819433,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":218},"headData":{"title":"Stanford Students Create Kinect-Powered 'JediBot' | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Stanford Students Create Kinect-Powered 'JediBot'","datePublished":"2011-07-26T17:09:51.000Z","dateModified":"2011-08-08T16:03:53.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"21244 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=21244","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/26/stanford-students-create-kinect-powered-jedibot/","disqusTitle":"Stanford Students Create Kinect-Powered 'JediBot'","path":"/quest/21244/stanford-students-create-kinect-powered-jedibot","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21247\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/26/stanford-students-create-kinect-powered-jedibot/robot/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21247\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/robot-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"robot\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-21247\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Randomskk via Flickr\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A group of Stanford engineering students channeled their love of Star Wars to create a 'JediBot', a Kinect-powered robot that is strong with the force. \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VuSCErmoYpY\">Check out the video here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JediBot wields a foam sword (or light saber) which can effectively fight against attack by another foam sword in an epic battle between the powers of good and the forces of evil (insert maniacal laugh, mwahahahahahahahaha).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kinect hacking has been extremely popular since the device was released last year for the Xbox 360. The Kinect includes several cameras and infrared sensors which allow it to detect moving objects with a great deal of accuracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Programmed into the JediBot are a series of attack motions. Under normal conditions, JediBot would only be able to fight if it knew what attack was coming and could plan out its next move. However, thanks to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.reflexxes.com/\">Reflexxes Motion Libraries\u003c/a> developed by Stanford visiting entrepreneur and researcher Torsten Kroeger, JediBot can react to events on-the-fly in less than a millisecond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While we might not see JediBot's roaming the street anytime soon, the ability for the robot to interact in real time could have a lot of wide ranging implications for the future of robotics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/VuSCErmoYpY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/VuSCErmoYpY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/21244/stanford-students-create-kinect-powered-jedibot","authors":["10174"],"categories":["quest_8"],"tags":["quest_1300","quest_9911","quest_1572","quest_13202","quest_3739","quest_2771"],"featImg":"quest_21247","label":"quest"},"quest_19241":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_19241","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"19241","score":null,"sort":[1307730030000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-search-for-alcoholisms-miracle-drug","title":"The Search for Alcoholism's Miracle Drug","publishDate":1307730030,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/spirits300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>By one estimate, there are 10 million alcoholics in the US. Photo Credit: \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spirituosen-im-supermarkt.jpg\">Ralf Roletschek \u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joseph McHugh is an artist who lives in San Francisco. Like his father before him, Joe had always been a drinker. But recently, it started to pick up. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It sort of got out of control,” he says. “It wasn’t starting at five o’clock, it was starting at noon, when I’d have a couple shots and so forth.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was having blackouts, he says. He remembered nothing, but people would tell him stories of what he’d done. “Like what?” I ask him. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Things I don’t want to even mention, ok?” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What brought McHugh \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanfrancisco.va.gov/\">VA Medical Center\u003c/a> in San Francisco was a heart attack. It literally terrified him into sobriety. He's been dry a month now, slogging through recovery with other men whose lives have also become simply untenable. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Audio Player\" skin=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip\" file=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/06/2011-06-13-quest.mp3\" ]\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/the-search-for-alcoholisms-miracle-drug\">The Search for Alcoholism's Miracle Drug\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>McHugh’s story is a familiar one to doctors who treat alcoholism, like Peter Banys, Director of Substance Abuse Programs at the VA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's always a crisis,” Banys says. “And it can be a marital crisis, a family crisis, or job termination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alcoholism is a very treatable disease, says Banys. Because of all the recent research, people like McHugh have more options than ever, including AA, therapy, and medication, which can be effective in preventing relapse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, there are some challenges. First of all, the meds are a tough sell, Banys says. He says his patients often think of their alcoholism as a moral weakness. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things we hear a lot,” he says, “is I don’t want to depend on a drug. They’ve been depending on a drug for 25 years, they don’t want to depend on ours.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another problem is that drugs that once seemed promising have often fallen short. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take \u003ca href=\"http://www.drugs.com/pro/naltrexone.html\">Naltrexone\u003c/a>, which was approved in 1995. Naltrexone blocks the brain’s opioid receptors, which make alcohol feel good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was the great hope,” says Banys. “It kind of crumbled in our hands.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On many people, Natrexone has no effect all. They’re just wired differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s proven to be a useful insight. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things that we have to make clear is that alcoholism is almost certainly not a single disease or disorder. I believe that in the near future, we will be talking about “the alcoholisms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact of these “alcoholisms” means that researchers are now targeting specific kinds aspects of brain chemistry that might be involved in alcoholism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howard Fields directs Human Clinical Research at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.galloresearch.org/\">Gallo Center in Emeryville,\u003c/a> an institute devoted to alcoholism and addiction, affiliated with The University of California, San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What interests him is something familiar to many of us: Impulsivity. Different people are impulsive to different degrees, just like rats, and other animals. From an evolutionary standpoint, this makes sense. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You want someone who would throw themselves on the hand grenade and save the lives of other people,” says Fields. “The same people who wind up in prison might be completely different in a battlefield situation. They might be the heroes.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in regular life, impulsivity can be a dangerous trait to have, says Fields. “If you score high for impulsivity, you are at greater risk to actually become an abuser or an addict. There’s no question about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fields says that in some people, impulsivity \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18160646\">can be traced back\u003c/a> to a specific gene. If you have it, you’re more likely to be impulsive. And it turns out, there is already a drug on the market that targets a function of this gene. It’s called tolcapone, and it’s prescribed to people with Parkinson’s disease. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what Fields aims to find out is whether tolcapone might actually make people less impulsive. And if that’s true, whether it can help people limit their drinking. \u003ca href=\"http://clinicaltrialsfeeds.org/clinical-trials/show/NCT01158950\">This research\u003c/a> is now in human clinical trials. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, even if the drug works for some people, it won’t work for everyone. The fact that there are “alcoholisms,” as Peter Banys put it, means that there may never be a single miracle drug. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But whatever the future holds, the goal of treatment will always look more or less the same: More people like Joseph McHugh, who have made the life-changing decision to get and stay sober. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McHugh says it’s hard to know what things will be like, once he’s out of rehab and back with his family. But he’s optimistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m sort of glad that everything is where it is now. Because it is a change. It’s a necessary change.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7813092 -122.5032109\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Alcoholism is a very treatable disease, but still, there are some challenges.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371060682,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":885},"headData":{"title":"The Search for Alcoholism's Miracle Drug | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Search for Alcoholism's Miracle Drug","datePublished":"2011-06-10T18:20:30.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T18:11:22.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"19241 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2011/06/10/the-search-for-alcoholisms-miracle-drug/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/06/10/the-search-for-alcoholisms-miracle-drug/","disqusTitle":"The Search for Alcoholism's Miracle Drug","path":"/quest/19241/the-search-for-alcoholisms-miracle-drug","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/06/2011-06-13-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/spirits300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>By one estimate, there are 10 million alcoholics in the US. Photo Credit: \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spirituosen-im-supermarkt.jpg\">Ralf Roletschek \u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joseph McHugh is an artist who lives in San Francisco. Like his father before him, Joe had always been a drinker. But recently, it started to pick up. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It sort of got out of control,” he says. “It wasn’t starting at five o’clock, it was starting at noon, when I’d have a couple shots and so forth.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was having blackouts, he says. He remembered nothing, but people would tell him stories of what he’d done. “Like what?” I ask him. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Things I don’t want to even mention, ok?” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What brought McHugh \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanfrancisco.va.gov/\">VA Medical Center\u003c/a> in San Francisco was a heart attack. It literally terrified him into sobriety. He's been dry a month now, slogging through recovery with other men whose lives have also become simply untenable. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Audio Player\" skin=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip\" file=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/06/2011-06-13-quest.mp3\" ]\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/the-search-for-alcoholisms-miracle-drug\">The Search for Alcoholism's Miracle Drug\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>McHugh’s story is a familiar one to doctors who treat alcoholism, like Peter Banys, Director of Substance Abuse Programs at the VA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's always a crisis,” Banys says. “And it can be a marital crisis, a family crisis, or job termination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alcoholism is a very treatable disease, says Banys. Because of all the recent research, people like McHugh have more options than ever, including AA, therapy, and medication, which can be effective in preventing relapse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, there are some challenges. First of all, the meds are a tough sell, Banys says. He says his patients often think of their alcoholism as a moral weakness. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things we hear a lot,” he says, “is I don’t want to depend on a drug. They’ve been depending on a drug for 25 years, they don’t want to depend on ours.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another problem is that drugs that once seemed promising have often fallen short. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take \u003ca href=\"http://www.drugs.com/pro/naltrexone.html\">Naltrexone\u003c/a>, which was approved in 1995. Naltrexone blocks the brain’s opioid receptors, which make alcohol feel good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was the great hope,” says Banys. “It kind of crumbled in our hands.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On many people, Natrexone has no effect all. They’re just wired differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s proven to be a useful insight. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things that we have to make clear is that alcoholism is almost certainly not a single disease or disorder. I believe that in the near future, we will be talking about “the alcoholisms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact of these “alcoholisms” means that researchers are now targeting specific kinds aspects of brain chemistry that might be involved in alcoholism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howard Fields directs Human Clinical Research at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.galloresearch.org/\">Gallo Center in Emeryville,\u003c/a> an institute devoted to alcoholism and addiction, affiliated with The University of California, San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What interests him is something familiar to many of us: Impulsivity. Different people are impulsive to different degrees, just like rats, and other animals. From an evolutionary standpoint, this makes sense. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You want someone who would throw themselves on the hand grenade and save the lives of other people,” says Fields. “The same people who wind up in prison might be completely different in a battlefield situation. They might be the heroes.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in regular life, impulsivity can be a dangerous trait to have, says Fields. “If you score high for impulsivity, you are at greater risk to actually become an abuser or an addict. There’s no question about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fields says that in some people, impulsivity \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18160646\">can be traced back\u003c/a> to a specific gene. If you have it, you’re more likely to be impulsive. And it turns out, there is already a drug on the market that targets a function of this gene. It’s called tolcapone, and it’s prescribed to people with Parkinson’s disease. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what Fields aims to find out is whether tolcapone might actually make people less impulsive. And if that’s true, whether it can help people limit their drinking. \u003ca href=\"http://clinicaltrialsfeeds.org/clinical-trials/show/NCT01158950\">This research\u003c/a> is now in human clinical trials. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, even if the drug works for some people, it won’t work for everyone. The fact that there are “alcoholisms,” as Peter Banys put it, means that there may never be a single miracle drug. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But whatever the future holds, the goal of treatment will always look more or less the same: More people like Joseph McHugh, who have made the life-changing decision to get and stay sober. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McHugh says it’s hard to know what things will be like, once he’s out of rehab and back with his family. But he’s optimistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m sort of glad that everything is where it is now. Because it is a change. It’s a necessary change.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7813092 -122.5032109\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/19241/the-search-for-alcoholisms-miracle-drug","authors":["210"],"categories":["quest_5","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_3447","quest_13201","quest_1783","quest_3674","quest_13203","quest_3692","quest_2771","quest_3021"],"featImg":"quest_15187","label":"quest"},"quest_19236":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_19236","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"19236","score":null,"sort":[1307134812000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-science-of-pain","title":"The Science of Pain","publishDate":1307134812,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/mole300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>The nose of the star-nosed mole is much more sensitive than the human hand. Credit: Dr. Ken Catania, Vanderbilt University\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pain is the most common reason for trips to the doctor's office. So it makes sense that pain treatment is a huge part of our healthcare system, costing more than 100 billion dollars a year. But how exactly pain works is still a mystery in many ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like any normal 9-year-old, Maddie Burkhardt was playing outside with her friends last summer, racing around in a pedal go-cart. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And my foot slipped and it went under the go-cart. Like it got bent backwards,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maddie broke a bone in her foot. So, her mom, Danielle, took her to see a podiatrist, who put her in a series of casts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And every time he took the cast off, he said 'ok, you should feel much better now.' And she was just like 'no, it's killing me,\" says Danielle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the weeks went by, it became clear that Maddie's pain wasn't normal. \"She would not allow anything to touch her foot at all. And we didn't really know what was going on,\" says Danielle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Audio Player\" skin=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip\" file=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/06/2011-06-06-quest.mp3\" ]\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/the-science-of-pain\">The Science of Pain \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Even a light touch, like the wind blowing, was incredibly painful. \"It felt like there was knives in my foot. Like a big elephant smashing on your foot or something,\" says Maddie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maddie was diagnosed with \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0004456/\">complex regional pain syndrome\u003c/a> and ended up in a special treatment program at \u003ca href=\"http://www.lpch.org/index.html\">Lucile Packard Children's Hospital\u003c/a> in Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Elliot Krane, who heads the program, says \"most of the time, pain is the signal that there's a problem and it's a useful sensation to have and a protective one.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But sometimes, our body's warning system goes haywire, like in Maddie's case. Nerve cells send out pain signals even when there's no reason to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a terrible pain problem,\" says Dr. Krane. \"And it's one that we really don't understand the origins of. And because we understand so little about it, our therapy of it is also very rudimentary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krane says Maddie, like most patients, went through a slew of treatments, like physical therapy and pain medication. It took months to recover. \"I can't exactly run really yet, but I can walk faster and I can play with my friends and do a lot more,\" Maddie says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the most part, doctors rely on opiates like morphine to control pain. But those drugs aren't very targeted. The challenge is that pain is very difficult to study. \"There's other things and other processes in the body which are measurable in some objective fashion: heart rate, blood pressure, temperature. But how do you measure pain?\" asks Dr. Krane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Looking to Nature for Solutions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a lab at the University of California-Berkeley, Diana Bautista has the same questions about pain. \"Many people are trying to figure out how to do this. And we decided to look to nature to solve this problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bautista is an assistant professor of biology at the University of California-Berkeley. She's peering into a large plastic tub filled with dirt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/Mole41.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>A star-nosed mole at UC Berkeley. Photo: Kristin Gerhold, Bautista Lab.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So, if you look here in the corner of the dirt, you can see that there's a star-nosed mole. Pretty interesting looking, right?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Star-nosed moles have a very unique look. Their large pink nose has 22 finger-like tentacles that they use to feel for food in the dark tunnels where the live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we don't see, that you need special high-speed video to see, is that they're actually tapping very rapidly the surface,\" says Bautista.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compared to our fingertips, the mole's star has 10 times more nerve cells. \"It's much more sensitive than the human hand.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That lack of sensitivity in human skin makes it difficult to study pain, because our nerve endings are so spread out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We also have about 20 different kinds of nerve cells. Some detect pain, some detect light touch. Others detect hot and cold. \"And so it's very difficult to study one in isolation or to separate the pain cells from the light touch cells.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's where the star-nosed mole comes in. Its star is densely packed with light touch cells, but not a lot of pain cells. So Bautista says, studying tissue samples of the mole's star can reveal the differences between nerve cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"How does one cell feel the prick of the pin and the other feel the feather? We don't know what happens in those nerve endings,\" says Bautista.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bautista says knowing what happens in normal nerves can tell a lot about when nerves don't work normally – like when diabetes patients experience numbness or cancer patients have hypersensitivity. That comes down to the biochemistry inside the cells. For that, Bautista is also studying another organism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peppers Targeting Nerve Cells\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sichuan_pepper\">Szechuan peppers\u003c/a> that are from the Chinese prickly ash,\" Bautista says, handing me the peppercorns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Chew them a little bit in the front of your mouth.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I chew, my tongue becomes slightly numb. \"It feels like a little buzzing, tingling sensation,\" says Baustista.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The peppercorns aren't hot, but they do have chemicals that are working on my sense of touch. \"We know that they target special receptors and cause those nerves to be excited just as if somebody was tickling your tongue,\" says Bautista.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a trick that humans could copy. \"By indentifying the molecular mechanisms, we could really go in and design better drugs and come up with better therapies and alternatives for treating conditions like chronic pain,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bautista hopes the research will lead to more targeted pain drugs, so patients like Maddie Burkhardt will have an easier recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Check out the star-nosed mole in action:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"480\" height=\"390\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/6m0PMcXK6XA?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8754404 -122.2455364\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Pain is the most common reason for trips to the doctor's office. But how exactly pain works is still a mystery in many ways.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371060761,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://www.youtube.com/embed/6m0PMcXK6XA"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":43,"wordCount":1046},"headData":{"title":"The Science of Pain | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Science of Pain","datePublished":"2011-06-03T21:00:12.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T18:12:41.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"19236 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2011/06/03/the-science-of-pain/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/06/03/the-science-of-pain/","disqusTitle":"The Science of Pain","path":"/quest/19236/the-science-of-pain","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/06/2011-06-06-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/mole300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>The nose of the star-nosed mole is much more sensitive than the human hand. Credit: Dr. Ken Catania, Vanderbilt University\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pain is the most common reason for trips to the doctor's office. So it makes sense that pain treatment is a huge part of our healthcare system, costing more than 100 billion dollars a year. But how exactly pain works is still a mystery in many ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like any normal 9-year-old, Maddie Burkhardt was playing outside with her friends last summer, racing around in a pedal go-cart. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And my foot slipped and it went under the go-cart. Like it got bent backwards,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maddie broke a bone in her foot. So, her mom, Danielle, took her to see a podiatrist, who put her in a series of casts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And every time he took the cast off, he said 'ok, you should feel much better now.' And she was just like 'no, it's killing me,\" says Danielle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the weeks went by, it became clear that Maddie's pain wasn't normal. \"She would not allow anything to touch her foot at all. And we didn't really know what was going on,\" says Danielle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Audio Player\" skin=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip\" file=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/06/2011-06-06-quest.mp3\" ]\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/the-science-of-pain\">The Science of Pain \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Even a light touch, like the wind blowing, was incredibly painful. \"It felt like there was knives in my foot. Like a big elephant smashing on your foot or something,\" says Maddie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maddie was diagnosed with \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0004456/\">complex regional pain syndrome\u003c/a> and ended up in a special treatment program at \u003ca href=\"http://www.lpch.org/index.html\">Lucile Packard Children's Hospital\u003c/a> in Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Elliot Krane, who heads the program, says \"most of the time, pain is the signal that there's a problem and it's a useful sensation to have and a protective one.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But sometimes, our body's warning system goes haywire, like in Maddie's case. Nerve cells send out pain signals even when there's no reason to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a terrible pain problem,\" says Dr. Krane. \"And it's one that we really don't understand the origins of. And because we understand so little about it, our therapy of it is also very rudimentary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krane says Maddie, like most patients, went through a slew of treatments, like physical therapy and pain medication. It took months to recover. \"I can't exactly run really yet, but I can walk faster and I can play with my friends and do a lot more,\" Maddie says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the most part, doctors rely on opiates like morphine to control pain. But those drugs aren't very targeted. The challenge is that pain is very difficult to study. \"There's other things and other processes in the body which are measurable in some objective fashion: heart rate, blood pressure, temperature. But how do you measure pain?\" asks Dr. Krane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Looking to Nature for Solutions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a lab at the University of California-Berkeley, Diana Bautista has the same questions about pain. \"Many people are trying to figure out how to do this. And we decided to look to nature to solve this problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bautista is an assistant professor of biology at the University of California-Berkeley. She's peering into a large plastic tub filled with dirt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/Mole41.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>A star-nosed mole at UC Berkeley. Photo: Kristin Gerhold, Bautista Lab.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So, if you look here in the corner of the dirt, you can see that there's a star-nosed mole. Pretty interesting looking, right?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Star-nosed moles have a very unique look. Their large pink nose has 22 finger-like tentacles that they use to feel for food in the dark tunnels where the live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we don't see, that you need special high-speed video to see, is that they're actually tapping very rapidly the surface,\" says Bautista.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compared to our fingertips, the mole's star has 10 times more nerve cells. \"It's much more sensitive than the human hand.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That lack of sensitivity in human skin makes it difficult to study pain, because our nerve endings are so spread out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We also have about 20 different kinds of nerve cells. Some detect pain, some detect light touch. Others detect hot and cold. \"And so it's very difficult to study one in isolation or to separate the pain cells from the light touch cells.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's where the star-nosed mole comes in. Its star is densely packed with light touch cells, but not a lot of pain cells. So Bautista says, studying tissue samples of the mole's star can reveal the differences between nerve cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"How does one cell feel the prick of the pin and the other feel the feather? We don't know what happens in those nerve endings,\" says Bautista.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bautista says knowing what happens in normal nerves can tell a lot about when nerves don't work normally – like when diabetes patients experience numbness or cancer patients have hypersensitivity. That comes down to the biochemistry inside the cells. For that, Bautista is also studying another organism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peppers Targeting Nerve Cells\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sichuan_pepper\">Szechuan peppers\u003c/a> that are from the Chinese prickly ash,\" Bautista says, handing me the peppercorns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Chew them a little bit in the front of your mouth.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I chew, my tongue becomes slightly numb. \"It feels like a little buzzing, tingling sensation,\" says Baustista.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The peppercorns aren't hot, but they do have chemicals that are working on my sense of touch. \"We know that they target special receptors and cause those nerves to be excited just as if somebody was tickling your tongue,\" says Bautista.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a trick that humans could copy. \"By indentifying the molecular mechanisms, we could really go in and design better drugs and come up with better therapies and alternatives for treating conditions like chronic pain,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bautista hopes the research will lead to more targeted pain drugs, so patients like Maddie Burkhardt will have an easier recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Check out the star-nosed mole in action:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"480\" height=\"390\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/6m0PMcXK6XA?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8754404 -122.2455364\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/19236/the-science-of-pain","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_5","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_13194","quest_13201","quest_1783","quest_3664","quest_13203","quest_3692","quest_2771","quest_3021"],"featImg":"quest_14987","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. 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No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. 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Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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