Science on the SPOT: Shadows and Spiders-- A Secret Cave in California
Spider Invaders
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An evolutionary biologist at the University of Akron, Blackledge studies spiders and their webs, a topic that he finds endlessly fascinating. According to Blackledge, spiders get a bad rap. “In the United States, I think we’re kind of taught as children that we’re supposed to be afraid of them,” he says. “But they’re just an incredibly diverse group of animals that play incredibly important roles in our ecosystems as predators of insects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72180\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/09/blackledge_walk.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-72180 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/09/blackledge_walk.jpg\" alt=\"blackledge_walk\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/09/blackledge_walk.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/09/blackledge_walk-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Blackledge walks through the Bath Nature Preserve in Akron, OH, where he conducts field research. Photo by Jean O'Malley.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Spiders are some of the most diverse animals on the planet -- there are nearly 44,000 known species, all spinning a variety of different types of webs. For Blackledge, these webs are the key to his research. “They leave a record in their web of many different behavioral decisions about how to catch food, how to protect themselves from predators -- all in this web that can be photographed, measured, and even manipulated for experiments,” Blackledge explains. Although his research focuses mainly on how different spiders use their silk to survive in the wild, it also aids the effort to make biomimetic materials. A hot topic in materials science, biomimicry is a discipline that draws inspiration from nature’s best ideas to produce innovative, new materials -- and the silk spiders spin is certainly worth imitating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72181\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/09/microscope.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-72181 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/09/microscope-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"microscope\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Blackledge uses a microscope to visualize a spider and its silk. Photo by Jean O'Malley.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There are spiders that spin more than eight different kinds of silks, and some of those silks are stronger than steel, ounce for ounce, while others are stretchy as a rubber band”, Blackledge says. “Some of them are even adhesive like glues, so this means that they have a tool kit of different types of biological materials that could be used in many different ways for human technology.” \u003ca href=\"http://www.dw.de/dutch-artist-creates-bulletproof-skin-with-spider-silk/a-15330421-1\">Sensational\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcbayarea.com/blogs/popcornbiz/The-Amazing-Spider-Man-160279395.html\">headlines\u003c/a> about how humans might harness the \u003ca href=\"http://www.livescience.com/8686-itsy-bitsy-spider-web-10-times-stronger-kevlar.html\">strength\u003c/a> of spider silk have been floating around for years, but the most popular potential product -- \u003ca href=\"http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/health/med-tech/6-spider-silk-superpowers#slide-2\">a bulletproof vest made from spider silk\u003c/a> – is unlikely, says Blackledge. “Yes, the silk is tough enough to be woven into a shirt to stop a bullet, but it does so by also being very stretchy,” he says. “This means it would stop the bullet after the shirt already stretched through a body. Not a very useful way to stop a bullet, unfortunately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blackledge is focused solely on research, but his work is at the foundation of creating new materials that could help us heal better and faster, and may even save lives. He has high hopes for synthesized spider silk being used in the medical industry because the silk is \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2699289/\">bio-compatible with human tissue\u003c/a>. “That means you can make devices like sutures or replacement tendons that could be put inside humans to repair damage,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Additional Links\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yU7tpi0Qooc\">Watch the full episode of QUEST.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Watch a biologist extract silk from a live spider, as he works to uncover the secrets of this surprisingly versatile material.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442632617,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":7,"wordCount":535},"headData":{"title":"Secrets of the Spider Web | KQED","description":"Watch a biologist extract silk from a live spider, as he works to uncover the secrets of this surprisingly versatile material.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Secrets of the Spider Web","datePublished":"2014-11-17T15:00:56.000Z","dateModified":"2015-09-19T03:16:57.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"71995 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=71995","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/11/17/secrets-of-the-spider-web/","disqusTitle":"Secrets of the Spider Web","videoEmbed":"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G1DfcS92WQM?feature=player_embedded","source":"Biology","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/biology/","path":"/quest/71995/secrets-of-the-spider-web","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Todd Blackledge admits that he sometimes gets called Spider-Man, but he’s not scaling any walls or slinging webs at bad guys. An evolutionary biologist at the University of Akron, Blackledge studies spiders and their webs, a topic that he finds endlessly fascinating. According to Blackledge, spiders get a bad rap. “In the United States, I think we’re kind of taught as children that we’re supposed to be afraid of them,” he says. “But they’re just an incredibly diverse group of animals that play incredibly important roles in our ecosystems as predators of insects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72180\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/09/blackledge_walk.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-72180 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/09/blackledge_walk.jpg\" alt=\"blackledge_walk\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/09/blackledge_walk.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/09/blackledge_walk-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Blackledge walks through the Bath Nature Preserve in Akron, OH, where he conducts field research. Photo by Jean O'Malley.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Spiders are some of the most diverse animals on the planet -- there are nearly 44,000 known species, all spinning a variety of different types of webs. For Blackledge, these webs are the key to his research. “They leave a record in their web of many different behavioral decisions about how to catch food, how to protect themselves from predators -- all in this web that can be photographed, measured, and even manipulated for experiments,” Blackledge explains. Although his research focuses mainly on how different spiders use their silk to survive in the wild, it also aids the effort to make biomimetic materials. A hot topic in materials science, biomimicry is a discipline that draws inspiration from nature’s best ideas to produce innovative, new materials -- and the silk spiders spin is certainly worth imitating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72181\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/09/microscope.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-72181 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/09/microscope-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"microscope\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Blackledge uses a microscope to visualize a spider and its silk. Photo by Jean O'Malley.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There are spiders that spin more than eight different kinds of silks, and some of those silks are stronger than steel, ounce for ounce, while others are stretchy as a rubber band”, Blackledge says. “Some of them are even adhesive like glues, so this means that they have a tool kit of different types of biological materials that could be used in many different ways for human technology.” \u003ca href=\"http://www.dw.de/dutch-artist-creates-bulletproof-skin-with-spider-silk/a-15330421-1\">Sensational\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcbayarea.com/blogs/popcornbiz/The-Amazing-Spider-Man-160279395.html\">headlines\u003c/a> about how humans might harness the \u003ca href=\"http://www.livescience.com/8686-itsy-bitsy-spider-web-10-times-stronger-kevlar.html\">strength\u003c/a> of spider silk have been floating around for years, but the most popular potential product -- \u003ca href=\"http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/health/med-tech/6-spider-silk-superpowers#slide-2\">a bulletproof vest made from spider silk\u003c/a> – is unlikely, says Blackledge. “Yes, the silk is tough enough to be woven into a shirt to stop a bullet, but it does so by also being very stretchy,” he says. “This means it would stop the bullet after the shirt already stretched through a body. Not a very useful way to stop a bullet, unfortunately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blackledge is focused solely on research, but his work is at the foundation of creating new materials that could help us heal better and faster, and may even save lives. He has high hopes for synthesized spider silk being used in the medical industry because the silk is \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2699289/\">bio-compatible with human tissue\u003c/a>. “That means you can make devices like sutures or replacement tendons that could be put inside humans to repair damage,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Additional Links\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yU7tpi0Qooc\">Watch the full episode of QUEST.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/71995/secrets-of-the-spider-web","authors":["10426"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_332","quest_12269","quest_10429","quest_2756","quest_12988","quest_12991","quest_12989","quest_2893","quest_3071","quest_12990"],"featImg":"quest_72297","label":"source_quest_71995"},"quest_47294":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_47294","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"47294","score":null,"sort":[1353443960000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"shadows-and-spiders-a-secret-cave-in-california","title":"Science on the SPOT: Shadows and Spiders-- A Secret Cave in California","publishDate":1353443960,"format":"video","headTitle":"Science on the SPOT | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":3296,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Human beings have always been fascinated with caves. These clandestine spaces carved by mysterious forces elicit our natural curiosity, while at the same time the foreboding depth of their darkness creates a very visceral apprehension. Coupled with the baseline fear of earthquakes that many of us in California share, caves are often regarded with suspicion. Ironically, it is the cave that typically has more to fear from encounters with humans, and for that reason White Moon Cave and the CEMEX Redwoods Property are protected, and off limits to the public. We at KQED were fortunate enough to get a rare invitation to explore this natural wonder, and capture it on video for the very first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47297\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 168px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-47297\" title=\"BruceCloseFilmCrew-11\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/BruceCloseFilmCrew-11-168x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"168\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The KQED Science team was allowed special acceess to be the first to film in White Moon Cave.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When \u003ca href=\"http://www.openspacetrust.org/\" title=\"POST\">Peninsula Open Space Trust\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sempervirens.org/\">The Sempervirens Fund\u003c/a> joined forces in 2011 to purchase the CEMEX Property near Davenport, CA they had no idea that White Moon Cave even existed. Their intent was to purchase the large tract of land from the Mexican cement company, as part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.livinglandscapeinitiative.org/\">Living Landscapes Initiative\u003c/a>, in order to conserve the coast redwood groves that blanket the mountainous terrain. It was only after the purchase that they received a call from members of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.westerncaves.org/\">Western Cave Conservancy\u003c/a> revealing the cave’s existence, and the need to protect it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I twisted through the narrow entrance to the cave, I felt as if I were moving between two realms of existence. The cave air is cool, laden with moisture; the air inside exudes an earthy perfume, both familiar and strange but pleasant; the enveloping sense of stillness grows into something profound; time seems to move slower, insulated from the light and sound of daily life. One of the most powerful ways to experience this exquisite isolation is to find a corner, sit down, and turn off all of the lights. It takes a few minutes, but soon the darkness and quiet wash over you. Deprived, the senses become magnified. Even the sound of a single drop of water falling onto the sandy cave floor resolves in crisp detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47322\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/6th-Choice_Gordon-Opening-Cave.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/6th-Choice_Gordon-Opening-Cave-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Gordon Clark of The Peninsula Open Space Trust removes rocks that guard the hidden entrance.\" title=\"6th Choice_Gordon Opening Cave\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-47322\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gordon Clark of The Peninsula Open Space Trust removes rocks that guard the hidden entrance.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Moving through the cave could be very challenging. The cave floor varied from slippery wet rock to fine dry silt that clung to every piece of clothing. The unforgiving marble walls seemed to reach out to bite at my shoulders and knees, and the ceiling seemed to creep just below where I expected I to be, making my helmet more than a mere precaution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.lilburnes.org/Students/Caves/Soution_Caves.htm\">Solution caves\u003c/a> like this one are created when rainwater is absorbed by the soil. Microbes in the soil produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and as the water percolates through the soil it becomes acidified, creating a weak carbonic acid (H2CO3). This slightly acidic water makes its way down to the limestone where the carbonic acid slowly dissolves the calcium carbonate in the marble. The dissolved limestone is said to be “in solution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This process can take thousands to millions of years. But sadly, malicious or absent-minded humans can reverse it much more quickly. Some cave visitors don’t see the harm in taking ancient cave decorations as personal souvenirs. But when this minor theft is multiplied by hundreds of other visitors, the cave is quickly robbed of its ancient beauty. Others selfishly spray paint or etch their names into the cave walls. “After several thousand people come through, then you see a cave that is really a hulk of its former beauty,” said our guide Bruce Rogers of the Western Cave Conservancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar caves in the Santa Cruz area have been victims of vandalism and overuse. But for those interested in responsible caving, I encourage you to look into The Western Cave Conservancy, a collective of citizens who have surrendered themselves to the draw of the caves, but do so with the appropriate level of scientific inquiry, safety and respect. Interested parties should attend a local ‘grotto’ meeting as they are an excellent resource for those who share their fascination with the subterranean.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The rural foothills along the Santa Cruz County Coast hold an ancient secret. Deep below the redwoods, White Moon Cave extends for nearly a mile -- making it one of the longest caves in California. But few people have ever been in it. Join the KQED Science team as we squeeze through the narrow clandestine entrance, and meet the uncanny cave inhabitants to bring new light to this hidden realm.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457567814,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":700},"headData":{"title":"Science on the SPOT: Shadows and Spiders-- A Secret Cave in California | KQED","description":"The rural foothills along the Santa Cruz County Coast hold an ancient secret. Deep below the redwoods, White Moon Cave extends for nearly a mile -- making it one of the longest caves in California. But few people have ever been in it. Join the KQED Science team as we squeeze through the narrow clandestine entrance, and meet the uncanny cave inhabitants to bring new light to this hidden realm.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Science on the SPOT: Shadows and Spiders-- A Secret Cave in California","datePublished":"2012-11-20T20:39:20.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-09T23:56:54.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"47294 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=videos&p=47294","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/20/shadows-and-spiders-a-secret-cave-in-california/","disqusTitle":"Science on the SPOT: Shadows and Spiders-- A Secret Cave in California","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQHXrLZmU4Y","path":"/quest/47294/shadows-and-spiders-a-secret-cave-in-california","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Human beings have always been fascinated with caves. These clandestine spaces carved by mysterious forces elicit our natural curiosity, while at the same time the foreboding depth of their darkness creates a very visceral apprehension. Coupled with the baseline fear of earthquakes that many of us in California share, caves are often regarded with suspicion. Ironically, it is the cave that typically has more to fear from encounters with humans, and for that reason White Moon Cave and the CEMEX Redwoods Property are protected, and off limits to the public. We at KQED were fortunate enough to get a rare invitation to explore this natural wonder, and capture it on video for the very first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47297\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 168px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-47297\" title=\"BruceCloseFilmCrew-11\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/BruceCloseFilmCrew-11-168x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"168\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The KQED Science team was allowed special acceess to be the first to film in White Moon Cave.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When \u003ca href=\"http://www.openspacetrust.org/\" title=\"POST\">Peninsula Open Space Trust\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sempervirens.org/\">The Sempervirens Fund\u003c/a> joined forces in 2011 to purchase the CEMEX Property near Davenport, CA they had no idea that White Moon Cave even existed. Their intent was to purchase the large tract of land from the Mexican cement company, as part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.livinglandscapeinitiative.org/\">Living Landscapes Initiative\u003c/a>, in order to conserve the coast redwood groves that blanket the mountainous terrain. It was only after the purchase that they received a call from members of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.westerncaves.org/\">Western Cave Conservancy\u003c/a> revealing the cave’s existence, and the need to protect it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I twisted through the narrow entrance to the cave, I felt as if I were moving between two realms of existence. The cave air is cool, laden with moisture; the air inside exudes an earthy perfume, both familiar and strange but pleasant; the enveloping sense of stillness grows into something profound; time seems to move slower, insulated from the light and sound of daily life. One of the most powerful ways to experience this exquisite isolation is to find a corner, sit down, and turn off all of the lights. It takes a few minutes, but soon the darkness and quiet wash over you. Deprived, the senses become magnified. Even the sound of a single drop of water falling onto the sandy cave floor resolves in crisp detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47322\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/6th-Choice_Gordon-Opening-Cave.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/6th-Choice_Gordon-Opening-Cave-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Gordon Clark of The Peninsula Open Space Trust removes rocks that guard the hidden entrance.\" title=\"6th Choice_Gordon Opening Cave\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-47322\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gordon Clark of The Peninsula Open Space Trust removes rocks that guard the hidden entrance.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Moving through the cave could be very challenging. The cave floor varied from slippery wet rock to fine dry silt that clung to every piece of clothing. The unforgiving marble walls seemed to reach out to bite at my shoulders and knees, and the ceiling seemed to creep just below where I expected I to be, making my helmet more than a mere precaution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.lilburnes.org/Students/Caves/Soution_Caves.htm\">Solution caves\u003c/a> like this one are created when rainwater is absorbed by the soil. Microbes in the soil produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and as the water percolates through the soil it becomes acidified, creating a weak carbonic acid (H2CO3). This slightly acidic water makes its way down to the limestone where the carbonic acid slowly dissolves the calcium carbonate in the marble. The dissolved limestone is said to be “in solution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This process can take thousands to millions of years. But sadly, malicious or absent-minded humans can reverse it much more quickly. Some cave visitors don’t see the harm in taking ancient cave decorations as personal souvenirs. But when this minor theft is multiplied by hundreds of other visitors, the cave is quickly robbed of its ancient beauty. Others selfishly spray paint or etch their names into the cave walls. “After several thousand people come through, then you see a cave that is really a hulk of its former beauty,” said our guide Bruce Rogers of the Western Cave Conservancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar caves in the Santa Cruz area have been victims of vandalism and overuse. But for those interested in responsible caving, I encourage you to look into The Western Cave Conservancy, a collective of citizens who have surrendered themselves to the draw of the caves, but do so with the appropriate level of scientific inquiry, safety and respect. Interested parties should attend a local ‘grotto’ meeting as they are an excellent resource for those who share their fascination with the subterranean.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/47294/shadows-and-spiders-a-secret-cave-in-california","authors":["6219"],"series":["quest_3296"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_11","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_427","quest_439","quest_11141","quest_11611","quest_11619","quest_10405","quest_11614","quest_11615","quest_10153","quest_13","quest_11612","quest_11618","quest_2756","quest_11616","quest_11617","quest_11621","quest_11620","quest_3071"],"featImg":"quest_47301","label":"quest_3296"},"quest_9595":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_9595","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"9595","score":null,"sort":[1287417180000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"spider-invaders","title":"Spider Invaders","publishDate":1287417180,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/spider2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>European Garden Spider, Araneus diadematus.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Spiders seem to be everywhere this fall. There are dozens of spider webs on my deck; each morning, I destroy a new web as I leave the house. It seems like every time I go outside, I wipe spider silk from my face. And it’s not just my yard—several of my friends have noticed lots of spiders recently, too. I wondered if we’re experiencing a bumper year for spiders, so I asked a few arachnologist friends about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley professor \u003ca href=\"http://nature.berkeley.edu/~gillespi/Home.html\">Rosie Gillespie\u003c/a> and her grad student \u003ca href=\"http://nature.berkeley.edu/~kiplingw/steve.html\">Steve Lew\u003c/a> identified my backyard spider as the European Garden Spider, \u003ca href=\"http://www.eol.org/pages/1194185\">\u003cem>Araneus diadematus\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. It is really common here in the Bay Area, and can be easily identified by the white cross on its back. These spiders aren’t especially numerous this year, although their numbers have increased over the past few decades. Initially from Europe, as their common name suggests, this spider appeared in the Puget Sound region in the 1970s. By the mid-90s, they were firmly established in the Bay Area. \u003cem>Araneus diadematus\u003c/em> is an \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_species\">invasive species\u003c/a>, an organism that is not native to the area and has a detrimental effect on the native organisms or ecosystem. And, there are quite a few invasive spider species in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another common invasive spider is \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygiella_x-notata\">\u003cem>Zygiella x-notata\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. They spin a very distinctive web—it looks as though a piece of the web is missing, as though someone has removed a single slice of pie. Other invasive spiders are actually displacing native spiders. For instance, the false widow, \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steatoda_grossa\">\u003cem>Steatoda grossa\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, is displacing the native black widow spider, \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latrodectus\">\u003cem>Latrodectus hesperus\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. (This may not be such a bad thing, as the false widow’s bite, while venomous, is not nearly as harmful to humans as the real thing.) Another California spider, \u003ca href=\"http://bugguide.net/node/view/372736/bgpage\">\u003cem>Theridion californicum\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, is being displaced by \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoplognatha_ovata\">\u003cem>Enoplognatha ovata\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, which also hails from Europe. And, the native Funnel Weaver Spider, \u003ca href=\"http://nathistoc.bio.uci.edu/spiders/Hololena.htm\">\u003cem>Hololena spp.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, may be facing some competition from the invasive \u003cem>Badumna longinqua\u003c/em>, initially from Australia and New Zealand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Certainly some of the spiders my friends and I are seeing are invasive. But, it is also the time of year when spiders build their webs. As my spider expert friend \u003ca href=\"http://euphrates.wpunj.edu/faculty/spagnaj/default.htm\">Joe Spagna\u003c/a> put it, spiders “do the Charlotte’s Web thing” in the fall—the females spin a big web, make an eggcase, and then die. The baby spiders hatch in the spring. If you’ve been out and about over the past few weeks, you’ve no doubt noticed Halloween decorations all over the place. Along with vampires and mummies, you’ve surely seen a spider web or two. Joe brought up a really interesting question: “for a long time, I've wondered if the prominence of big, hairy orbweavers in Halloween folklore and imagery was actually a recognition of what was going on in nature this time of year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joe and I spent some time digging through the some literature on Halloween folklore, but we didn’t find anything that specifically links Halloween spider imagery to the seasonality of spider web-weaving. Halloween folklore buffs out there, please comment if you know of any connection!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.879329 -122.2463347\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Spiders seem to be everywhere this fall. There are dozens of spider webs on my deck; each morning, I destroy a new web as I leave the house. It seems like every time I go outside, I wipe spider silk from my face. And it’s not just my yard—several of my friends have noticed lots of spiders recently, too. I wondered if we’re experiencing a bumper year for spiders, so I asked a few arachnologist friends about it.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1287417180,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":553},"headData":{"title":"Spider Invaders | KQED","description":"Spiders seem to be everywhere this fall. There are dozens of spider webs on my deck; each morning, I destroy a new web as I leave the house. It seems like every time I go outside, I wipe spider silk from my face. And it’s not just my yard—several of my friends have noticed lots of spiders recently, too. I wondered if we’re experiencing a bumper year for spiders, so I asked a few arachnologist friends about it.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Spider Invaders","datePublished":"2010-10-18T15:53:00.000Z","dateModified":"2010-10-18T15:53:00.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"9595 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=9595","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/18/spider-invaders/","disqusTitle":"Spider Invaders","path":"/quest/9595/spider-invaders","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/spider2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>European Garden Spider, Araneus diadematus.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Spiders seem to be everywhere this fall. There are dozens of spider webs on my deck; each morning, I destroy a new web as I leave the house. It seems like every time I go outside, I wipe spider silk from my face. And it’s not just my yard—several of my friends have noticed lots of spiders recently, too. I wondered if we’re experiencing a bumper year for spiders, so I asked a few arachnologist friends about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley professor \u003ca href=\"http://nature.berkeley.edu/~gillespi/Home.html\">Rosie Gillespie\u003c/a> and her grad student \u003ca href=\"http://nature.berkeley.edu/~kiplingw/steve.html\">Steve Lew\u003c/a> identified my backyard spider as the European Garden Spider, \u003ca href=\"http://www.eol.org/pages/1194185\">\u003cem>Araneus diadematus\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. It is really common here in the Bay Area, and can be easily identified by the white cross on its back. These spiders aren’t especially numerous this year, although their numbers have increased over the past few decades. Initially from Europe, as their common name suggests, this spider appeared in the Puget Sound region in the 1970s. By the mid-90s, they were firmly established in the Bay Area. \u003cem>Araneus diadematus\u003c/em> is an \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_species\">invasive species\u003c/a>, an organism that is not native to the area and has a detrimental effect on the native organisms or ecosystem. And, there are quite a few invasive spider species in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another common invasive spider is \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygiella_x-notata\">\u003cem>Zygiella x-notata\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. They spin a very distinctive web—it looks as though a piece of the web is missing, as though someone has removed a single slice of pie. Other invasive spiders are actually displacing native spiders. For instance, the false widow, \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steatoda_grossa\">\u003cem>Steatoda grossa\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, is displacing the native black widow spider, \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latrodectus\">\u003cem>Latrodectus hesperus\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. (This may not be such a bad thing, as the false widow’s bite, while venomous, is not nearly as harmful to humans as the real thing.) Another California spider, \u003ca href=\"http://bugguide.net/node/view/372736/bgpage\">\u003cem>Theridion californicum\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, is being displaced by \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoplognatha_ovata\">\u003cem>Enoplognatha ovata\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, which also hails from Europe. And, the native Funnel Weaver Spider, \u003ca href=\"http://nathistoc.bio.uci.edu/spiders/Hololena.htm\">\u003cem>Hololena spp.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, may be facing some competition from the invasive \u003cem>Badumna longinqua\u003c/em>, initially from Australia and New Zealand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Certainly some of the spiders my friends and I are seeing are invasive. But, it is also the time of year when spiders build their webs. As my spider expert friend \u003ca href=\"http://euphrates.wpunj.edu/faculty/spagnaj/default.htm\">Joe Spagna\u003c/a> put it, spiders “do the Charlotte’s Web thing” in the fall—the females spin a big web, make an eggcase, and then die. The baby spiders hatch in the spring. If you’ve been out and about over the past few weeks, you’ve no doubt noticed Halloween decorations all over the place. Along with vampires and mummies, you’ve surely seen a spider web or two. Joe brought up a really interesting question: “for a long time, I've wondered if the prominence of big, hairy orbweavers in Halloween folklore and imagery was actually a recognition of what was going on in nature this time of year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joe and I spent some time digging through the some literature on Halloween folklore, but we didn’t find anything that specifically links Halloween spider imagery to the seasonality of spider web-weaving. Halloween folklore buffs out there, please comment if you know of any connection!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.879329 -122.2463347\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/9595/spider-invaders","authors":["10200"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_200","quest_263","quest_1063","quest_1306","quest_1489","quest_2571","quest_2572","quest_2756","quest_2757","quest_2758"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. 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Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. 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No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. 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Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. 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