Producer's Notes: Science on the SPOT - Falcons Up Close
15 Months Later, Rediscovered San Francisco Plant Thrives
Producer's Notes: Science on the SPOT: Watching the Tides
Producer's Notes: Skulls at Cal Academy
New original science video series from QUEST: Science on the SPOT
Sponsored
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She moved to the Bay Area in 1996 to study documentary filmmaking at the University of California, Berkeley, where she received master’s degrees in journalism and Latin American studies.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6d82c20152affd1b434c31a904c40809?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"gabrielaquirosr","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["editor","ef_view_calendar","ef_view_story_budget"]}],"headData":{"title":"Gabriela Quirós | KQED","description":"Video Producer and Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6d82c20152affd1b434c31a904c40809?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6d82c20152affd1b434c31a904c40809?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/gabriela-quiros"},"chris-bauer":{"type":"authors","id":"10169","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10169","found":true},"name":"Chris Bauer","firstName":"Chris","lastName":"Bauer","slug":"chris-bauer","email":"cbauer@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Chris Bauer is a Freelance Media Producer with over 20 years experience working in broadcast television; producing sports, history, technology, science, environment and adventure related programming. 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Owls, vultures, hawks and falcons sit perched on a grassy rise, admiring the people who walk by admiring them. The Animal Resource Center, or A.R.C., is home to the zoo’s educational outreach animals. And outside, a teen volunteer is talking to a group of younger kids and their parents about the Great Horned owl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The zoo’s youth \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfzoo.org/openrosters/ViewOrgPageLink.asp?LinkKey=14314&orgkey=1905\">volunteer programs\u003c/a> are training local teens to handle live animals from the educational outreach program and in addition the volunteers help educate zoo visitors about the life history of these animals and the conservation threats they face in the wild. For many of these kids this is a first step to a lifetime of environmental stewardship and a new-found love of science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year over 130 local youths go through the zoo’s volunteer programs. The programs are designed to teach kids about conservation but most importantly they train the volunteers to pass on that knowledge. “Teaching city children about nature and the importance of habitat health not only to wild areas but to themselves as well.” said one volunteer program alumni, “I’ll never forget the faces of awe on both children and adults as they got to see, touch and learn about animals such as opossums, chinchillas and ferrets. It felt great to be able to provide such an experience to the visitors of the Nature Trail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessa Barbelay, the zoo’s Education Department Supervisor, got her start here as a teen volunteer. “I had an appreciation for animals,” says Barbelay, “but I wasn’t very interested in science. But just the act of volunteering helped me break out of my shell and after being immersed in it, I realized that I really liked science and I liked sharing the information, which led me to a career in science education.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noelle Bidegainberry, the A.R.C. Intern and another former volunteer herself, takes us to meet one of the stars of the educational program, the San Francisco Zoo’s resident Peregrine Falcon, “Bella.” As we step into her aviary, Bella immediately becomes inquisitive, studying the new people who have entered her enclosure. For an animal that can claim to be the fastest in the world, I’m surprised at how calm and comfortable she is being handled. Bella is tasked with going out and representing her species as an ambassador bird. And one gets the sense that she is very good at her job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was not long ago that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/falcon-fascination-tv\">Peregrine Falcons\u003c/a> were precariously perched at the edge of extinction. The widespread use of the pesticide DDT rippled up and down the food chain. For some raptors such as Bald Eagles and Peregrine Falcons, the results were nearly catastrophic. DDT in their systems led to these birds laying thin shelled eggs. The chicks could not survive to hatching and without new generations replenishing the species, population numbers crashed. The falcon became the one of the first animals placed on the endangered species list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once DDT was banned in the 1970s, conservationists and bird lovers worked diligently to help save the falcon. And the work continues. Through captive breeding programs and other conservation efforts \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/falcon-fascination-radio\">Peregrine Falcon\u003c/a> numbers have rebounded in California and throughout much of the United States. In one of the great environmental success stories, the Peregrine Falcon was taken off the endangered species list in 1999.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The story of the Peregrine Falcon helps us illustrate how conservation can work and have a direct influence and positive results,” says Bidegainberry, “Bella does a great job as an ambassador bird. Our hope is that when people meet Bella and hear her story, they are inspired to take conservation into their own hands.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.7328068 -122.5020502\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"QUEST's web-only video series, Science on the SPOT, takes a close-up look at the Peregrine Falcon.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684974593,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":674},"headData":{"title":"Producer's Notes: Science on the SPOT - Falcons Up Close | KQED","description":"QUEST's web-only video series, Science on the SPOT, takes a close-up look at the Peregrine Falcon.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Producer's Notes: Science on the SPOT - Falcons Up Close","datePublished":"2011-02-08T20:15:46.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-25T00:29:53.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/19175/producers-notes-science-on-the-spot-falcons-up-close","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-peregrine-falcons-up-close\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/FalconsStill_300_banner2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>QUEST Science on the SPOT takes a close up look at the Peregrine Falcon.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We walk through the Nature Trail near the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfzoo.org/openrosters/view_homepage.asp?orgkey=1859\">San Francisco Zoo’s \u003c/a>Koret Animal Resource Center. Owls, vultures, hawks and falcons sit perched on a grassy rise, admiring the people who walk by admiring them. The Animal Resource Center, or A.R.C., is home to the zoo’s educational outreach animals. And outside, a teen volunteer is talking to a group of younger kids and their parents about the Great Horned owl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The zoo’s youth \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfzoo.org/openrosters/ViewOrgPageLink.asp?LinkKey=14314&orgkey=1905\">volunteer programs\u003c/a> are training local teens to handle live animals from the educational outreach program and in addition the volunteers help educate zoo visitors about the life history of these animals and the conservation threats they face in the wild. For many of these kids this is a first step to a lifetime of environmental stewardship and a new-found love of science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year over 130 local youths go through the zoo’s volunteer programs. The programs are designed to teach kids about conservation but most importantly they train the volunteers to pass on that knowledge. “Teaching city children about nature and the importance of habitat health not only to wild areas but to themselves as well.” said one volunteer program alumni, “I’ll never forget the faces of awe on both children and adults as they got to see, touch and learn about animals such as opossums, chinchillas and ferrets. It felt great to be able to provide such an experience to the visitors of the Nature Trail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessa Barbelay, the zoo’s Education Department Supervisor, got her start here as a teen volunteer. “I had an appreciation for animals,” says Barbelay, “but I wasn’t very interested in science. But just the act of volunteering helped me break out of my shell and after being immersed in it, I realized that I really liked science and I liked sharing the information, which led me to a career in science education.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noelle Bidegainberry, the A.R.C. Intern and another former volunteer herself, takes us to meet one of the stars of the educational program, the San Francisco Zoo’s resident Peregrine Falcon, “Bella.” As we step into her aviary, Bella immediately becomes inquisitive, studying the new people who have entered her enclosure. For an animal that can claim to be the fastest in the world, I’m surprised at how calm and comfortable she is being handled. Bella is tasked with going out and representing her species as an ambassador bird. And one gets the sense that she is very good at her job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was not long ago that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/falcon-fascination-tv\">Peregrine Falcons\u003c/a> were precariously perched at the edge of extinction. The widespread use of the pesticide DDT rippled up and down the food chain. For some raptors such as Bald Eagles and Peregrine Falcons, the results were nearly catastrophic. DDT in their systems led to these birds laying thin shelled eggs. The chicks could not survive to hatching and without new generations replenishing the species, population numbers crashed. The falcon became the one of the first animals placed on the endangered species list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once DDT was banned in the 1970s, conservationists and bird lovers worked diligently to help save the falcon. And the work continues. Through captive breeding programs and other conservation efforts \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/falcon-fascination-radio\">Peregrine Falcon\u003c/a> numbers have rebounded in California and throughout much of the United States. In one of the great environmental success stories, the Peregrine Falcon was taken off the endangered species list in 1999.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The story of the Peregrine Falcon helps us illustrate how conservation can work and have a direct influence and positive results,” says Bidegainberry, “Bella does a great job as an ambassador bird. Our hope is that when people meet Bella and hear her story, they are inspired to take conservation into their own hands.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.7328068 -122.5020502\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/19175/producers-notes-science-on-the-spot-falcons-up-close","authors":["10169"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_340","quest_3497","quest_684","quest_3541","quest_979","quest_1568","quest_3351","quest_2141","quest_3699","quest_2349","quest_2371","quest_3744","quest_2540","quest_3092","quest_3093","quest_3833"],"featImg":"quest_12066","label":"quest"},"quest_12737":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_12737","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"12737","score":null,"sort":[1295471646000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"15-months-later-rediscovered-san-francisco-plant-thrives","title":"15 Months Later, Rediscovered San Francisco Plant Thrives","publishDate":1295471646,"format":"standard","headTitle":"15 Months Later, Rediscovered San Francisco Plant Thrives | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-restoring-san-franciscos-lost-manzanita\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/01/ws204_manzanita300-2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Young plants of the Arctostaphylos franciscana, or Franciscan manzanita, once thought to be extinct in the wild.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>In October 2009, a botanist on his way home from work spotted a low-lying, 18-foot-long shrub at a construction site near the Golden Gate Bridge. The plant, a Franciscan manzanita, was a miracle of survival – a species thought to have been extinct in the wild for almost 70 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plant became visible after construction crews removed taller vegetation from a rocky outcropping just south of the toll plaza near Doyle Drive. Botanist Daniel Gluesenkamp’s rediscovery of one of the rarest plants in the world made headlines across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one thought to look in the middle of a center divider of a freeway. But there it was,” said Don Mahoney, curator at the San Francisco Botanical Garden. “I doubt if there’s another one ever going to be found.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cameras and public attention have long since gone away. But 15 months later, biologists and gardeners have been quietly and painstakingly working from the single surviving wild specimen to reestablish a population of the species that a century ago was found cascading down rocky outcroppings in San Francisco’s hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they’ve already started to see significant success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Doyle Drive Franciscan manzanita, as the plant uncovered in 2009 is referred to, was moved about a mile away from the construction site, to an undisclosed location in the Presidio, to protect it from thieves and curious onlookers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/01/DSC_0589-Don-Mahoney-holds300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Don Mahoney holds one of the nearly 170 Franciscan manzanitas that the San Francisco Botanical Garden has grown from the one found in 2009.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>During the move, some branches were trimmed off so it would fit on a crane, said Mahoney. The cuttings were divided among six institutions: the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfbotanicalgarden.org/\">San Francisco Botanical Garden\u003c/a>; the \u003ca href=\"http://botanicalgarden.berkeley.edu/\">University of California Botanical Garden at Berkeley\u003c/a>; \u003ca href=\"http://www.nativeplants.org/\">the Regional Parks Botanic Garden in Berkeley’s Tilden Park\u003c/a>; the \u003ca href=\"http://arboretum.ucsc.edu/\">Arboretum at the University of California, Santa Cruz\u003c/a>; the \u003ca href=\"http://www.parksconservancy.org/our-work/native-plant-nurseries/sites/presidio-nursery.html\">Presidio’s own native plants nursery\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.calfloranursery.com/\">Cal Flora\u003c/a>, a commercial nursery in Sonoma County specializing in manzanitas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together they have grown 424 plants genetically identical to the one found in the Doyle Drive construction site, said Betty Young, director of nurseries for the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy, who is coordinating the effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Close to 170 of these young plants live in pots in a sunny area of the San Francisco Botanical Garden’s nursery, and now have roots and tiny flower buds that will bloom in the spring. From the one have come many, and with them, hope for restoring some of the Bay Area’s original wild character.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Each one is ready to be a 14-foot across plant,” said Mahoney, “if we can just find enough spots in San Francisco to plant them all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ultimate goal is to establish populations of the Franciscan manzanita in the wild. To do so, experts must first find places where the plant is likely to thrive. The challenge is to find open spaces with the type of rocks where Franciscan manzanita likes to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/01/Franciscana-manzanita-cascades300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>A Franciscan manzanita cascades over a bluff at San Francisco’s Laurel Hill cemetery in 1938. Courtesy of Alice Q. Howard.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>The plant grew on serpentinite and green stone rock, which occur commonly in earthquake zones. San Francisco is crisscrossed by these rocks, said Michael Chassé, a geography graduate student at San Francisco State University and a natural resources management specialist at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/goga/index.htm\">Golden Gate National Recreation Area\u003c/a>, who is writing his thesis on the Franciscan manzanita. Places like the former \u003ca href=\"http://www.usmint.gov/about_the_mint/mint_facilities/?action=SF_facilities\">Mint building at the top of Market Street\u003c/a>, are believed to have had Franciscan manzanita growing on serpentinite, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most such rocky formations now have buildings on top of them – this loss of habitat is what led the Franciscan to extinction in the early 1940s. Chassé is looking for patches of open space at least one acre in size where the rocks are still present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has identified and started to visit about 10 possible San Francisco locations in the Presidio, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mtdavidson.org/\">Mt. Davidson\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McLaren_Park\">McLaren Park\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_Peaks_%28San_Francisco,_California%29\">Twin Peaks\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://starrkingopenspace.org/\">Starr King Openspace\u003c/a>. The sites are, for the most part, protected either by San Francisco Recreation and Parks or the National Park Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But open space alone isn’t enough to create a healthy population of Franciscan manzanitas, said Chassé.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you think about reintroducing a plant, you want the widest genetic diversity,” he said. “You don’t want to just plant individuals from one plant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When plants are able to cross-pollinate with plants that are of their same species but have a different genetic makeup, they’re more likely to produce seeds that will allow the plants to reproduce spontaneously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All 424 Franciscan plants grown by the botanical gardens come from the one found near Doyle Drive by Gluesenkamp, director of habitat protection and restoration for Audubon Canyon Ranch, in Marin County. This means that the plants are like genetically identical siblings of each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it turns out, though, suitable mates are available. These are plants that botanists saved in the 1930s before the Franciscan manzanita disappeared in the wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/01/DSC_0552-Manzanitas-bark300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Manzanitas are recognizable by their reddish bark.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>The last known location where Franciscan grew was San Francisco’s old Laurel Hill cemetery, where the city’s Laurel Heights neighborhood now stands. The land where San Francisco’s cemeteries operated became so valuable that in the 1930s the city passed an ordinance to prevent burials, with the intention of closing them down, said Chassé. By 1940, Laurel Hill cemetery had been bulldozed and the last of the wild Franciscan was gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But botanists had collected samples and planted them in local botanical gardens like the Regional Parks Botanic Garden in Berkeley’s Tilden Park. Franciscan manzanitas were also planted at the San Francisco Botanical Garden, the University of California Botanical Garden in Berkeley and others, where they can be seen in their collections today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chassé said he doesn’t know how many Franciscan plants with different genetic makeups exist in these gardens. Genetic testing – which is complicated, expensive and time-consuming – hasn’t been conducted. So he is visiting botanical gardens, talking to curators like Mahoney and combing documents to try to figure it out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Are there 20, or two or three?” he said. “The records are unclear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/01/DSC_0584-Manzanita-berries300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Manzanita berries are called bear berries because bears like them. People can eat them too. They’re sour.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Distinctive for their reddish bark and white and pink bell-shaped flowers, botanists consider manzanitas to be California’s iconic plant. Some 50 species are distributed throughout the state, each adapted to a particular ecosystem, from the coast to the High Sierra, said Mahoney. The Franciscan is one of two manzanita species that grew only in San Francisco, thriving in its foggy climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Spanish, manzanita means “little apple.” The plant’s tiny, apple-shaped fruit are edible, and Native-Americans used them as a staple in the winter and spring, said Mahoney. But as buildings spread across San Francisco’s landscape, the city’s two unique species of manzanitas were destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the difficulties of reestablishing a population of rare plants in the wild is illustrated by the story of the other manzanita found exclusively in San Francisco. The Raven’s manzanita, a low-lying shrub like the Franciscan, was also believed to have gone extinct in the wild until it was rediscovered in 1952, also in the Presidio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just like the Franciscan, a single plant of Raven’s manzanita exists in the wild, in an undisclosed location in the Presidio. But unlike the Franciscan, no other specimens of Raven’s manzanita were salvaged. So it has been near impossible for botanists to get the plant to produce seed from which a plant will grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/01/DSC_0085-The-Ravens-manzanita300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>The Raven’s manzanita faces a harder time than the Franciscan manzanita. Only one individual exists.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>The University of California Botanical Garden at Berkeley has had some success, said curator Holly Forbes. It is the only botanical garden that has produced seeds from the Raven’s manzanita. But in order to get the seeds to actually germinate and grow into a plant, a volunteer at the garden had to try 32 different methods, said Forbes. (The two methods that worked involved either refrigerating them, or soaking the seeds in liquid smoke, an infusion produced from smoke passed through water.) The garden has since managed to get 15 Raven’s manzanitas to grow from seed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our goal was to get new genes that might give it an advantage for surviving in the wild,” said Forbes. Even though the seeds came from plants that are genetically identical to each other, some genetic recombination does happen during the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With more genetic material to work with, botanists expect the Franciscan manzanita to have an easier time than its relative, and are excited at the prospect of trying to recreate part of San Francisco’s native landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I look at remaining natural habitats as the original skin of the Earth. And there’s very little of that left in San Francisco,” said Mahoney. “And to actually find one of the anchor and key plants that originally existed in San Francisco and to be able to save it meant a lot to anybody who works with plants and the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.7659715 -122.4664658\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Fifteen months after a native plant thought to be extinct was rediscovered in San Francisco, local botanists have succeeded in growing it and are making plans to plant it out in the wild.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684974638,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":35,"wordCount":1656},"headData":{"title":"15 Months Later, Rediscovered San Francisco Plant Thrives | KQED","description":"Fifteen months after a native plant thought to be extinct was rediscovered in San Francisco, local botanists have succeeded in growing it and are making plans to plant it out in the wild.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"15 Months Later, Rediscovered San Francisco Plant Thrives","datePublished":"2011-01-19T21:14:06.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-25T00:30:38.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/12737/15-months-later-rediscovered-san-francisco-plant-thrives","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-restoring-san-franciscos-lost-manzanita\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/01/ws204_manzanita300-2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Young plants of the Arctostaphylos franciscana, or Franciscan manzanita, once thought to be extinct in the wild.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>In October 2009, a botanist on his way home from work spotted a low-lying, 18-foot-long shrub at a construction site near the Golden Gate Bridge. The plant, a Franciscan manzanita, was a miracle of survival – a species thought to have been extinct in the wild for almost 70 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plant became visible after construction crews removed taller vegetation from a rocky outcropping just south of the toll plaza near Doyle Drive. Botanist Daniel Gluesenkamp’s rediscovery of one of the rarest plants in the world made headlines across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one thought to look in the middle of a center divider of a freeway. But there it was,” said Don Mahoney, curator at the San Francisco Botanical Garden. “I doubt if there’s another one ever going to be found.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cameras and public attention have long since gone away. But 15 months later, biologists and gardeners have been quietly and painstakingly working from the single surviving wild specimen to reestablish a population of the species that a century ago was found cascading down rocky outcroppings in San Francisco’s hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they’ve already started to see significant success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Doyle Drive Franciscan manzanita, as the plant uncovered in 2009 is referred to, was moved about a mile away from the construction site, to an undisclosed location in the Presidio, to protect it from thieves and curious onlookers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/01/DSC_0589-Don-Mahoney-holds300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Don Mahoney holds one of the nearly 170 Franciscan manzanitas that the San Francisco Botanical Garden has grown from the one found in 2009.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>During the move, some branches were trimmed off so it would fit on a crane, said Mahoney. The cuttings were divided among six institutions: the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfbotanicalgarden.org/\">San Francisco Botanical Garden\u003c/a>; the \u003ca href=\"http://botanicalgarden.berkeley.edu/\">University of California Botanical Garden at Berkeley\u003c/a>; \u003ca href=\"http://www.nativeplants.org/\">the Regional Parks Botanic Garden in Berkeley’s Tilden Park\u003c/a>; the \u003ca href=\"http://arboretum.ucsc.edu/\">Arboretum at the University of California, Santa Cruz\u003c/a>; the \u003ca href=\"http://www.parksconservancy.org/our-work/native-plant-nurseries/sites/presidio-nursery.html\">Presidio’s own native plants nursery\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.calfloranursery.com/\">Cal Flora\u003c/a>, a commercial nursery in Sonoma County specializing in manzanitas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together they have grown 424 plants genetically identical to the one found in the Doyle Drive construction site, said Betty Young, director of nurseries for the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy, who is coordinating the effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Close to 170 of these young plants live in pots in a sunny area of the San Francisco Botanical Garden’s nursery, and now have roots and tiny flower buds that will bloom in the spring. From the one have come many, and with them, hope for restoring some of the Bay Area’s original wild character.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Each one is ready to be a 14-foot across plant,” said Mahoney, “if we can just find enough spots in San Francisco to plant them all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ultimate goal is to establish populations of the Franciscan manzanita in the wild. To do so, experts must first find places where the plant is likely to thrive. The challenge is to find open spaces with the type of rocks where Franciscan manzanita likes to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/01/Franciscana-manzanita-cascades300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>A Franciscan manzanita cascades over a bluff at San Francisco’s Laurel Hill cemetery in 1938. Courtesy of Alice Q. Howard.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>The plant grew on serpentinite and green stone rock, which occur commonly in earthquake zones. San Francisco is crisscrossed by these rocks, said Michael Chassé, a geography graduate student at San Francisco State University and a natural resources management specialist at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/goga/index.htm\">Golden Gate National Recreation Area\u003c/a>, who is writing his thesis on the Franciscan manzanita. Places like the former \u003ca href=\"http://www.usmint.gov/about_the_mint/mint_facilities/?action=SF_facilities\">Mint building at the top of Market Street\u003c/a>, are believed to have had Franciscan manzanita growing on serpentinite, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most such rocky formations now have buildings on top of them – this loss of habitat is what led the Franciscan to extinction in the early 1940s. Chassé is looking for patches of open space at least one acre in size where the rocks are still present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has identified and started to visit about 10 possible San Francisco locations in the Presidio, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mtdavidson.org/\">Mt. Davidson\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McLaren_Park\">McLaren Park\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_Peaks_%28San_Francisco,_California%29\">Twin Peaks\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://starrkingopenspace.org/\">Starr King Openspace\u003c/a>. The sites are, for the most part, protected either by San Francisco Recreation and Parks or the National Park Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But open space alone isn’t enough to create a healthy population of Franciscan manzanitas, said Chassé.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you think about reintroducing a plant, you want the widest genetic diversity,” he said. “You don’t want to just plant individuals from one plant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When plants are able to cross-pollinate with plants that are of their same species but have a different genetic makeup, they’re more likely to produce seeds that will allow the plants to reproduce spontaneously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All 424 Franciscan plants grown by the botanical gardens come from the one found near Doyle Drive by Gluesenkamp, director of habitat protection and restoration for Audubon Canyon Ranch, in Marin County. This means that the plants are like genetically identical siblings of each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it turns out, though, suitable mates are available. These are plants that botanists saved in the 1930s before the Franciscan manzanita disappeared in the wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/01/DSC_0552-Manzanitas-bark300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Manzanitas are recognizable by their reddish bark.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>The last known location where Franciscan grew was San Francisco’s old Laurel Hill cemetery, where the city’s Laurel Heights neighborhood now stands. The land where San Francisco’s cemeteries operated became so valuable that in the 1930s the city passed an ordinance to prevent burials, with the intention of closing them down, said Chassé. By 1940, Laurel Hill cemetery had been bulldozed and the last of the wild Franciscan was gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But botanists had collected samples and planted them in local botanical gardens like the Regional Parks Botanic Garden in Berkeley’s Tilden Park. Franciscan manzanitas were also planted at the San Francisco Botanical Garden, the University of California Botanical Garden in Berkeley and others, where they can be seen in their collections today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chassé said he doesn’t know how many Franciscan plants with different genetic makeups exist in these gardens. Genetic testing – which is complicated, expensive and time-consuming – hasn’t been conducted. So he is visiting botanical gardens, talking to curators like Mahoney and combing documents to try to figure it out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Are there 20, or two or three?” he said. “The records are unclear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/01/DSC_0584-Manzanita-berries300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Manzanita berries are called bear berries because bears like them. People can eat them too. They’re sour.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Distinctive for their reddish bark and white and pink bell-shaped flowers, botanists consider manzanitas to be California’s iconic plant. Some 50 species are distributed throughout the state, each adapted to a particular ecosystem, from the coast to the High Sierra, said Mahoney. The Franciscan is one of two manzanita species that grew only in San Francisco, thriving in its foggy climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Spanish, manzanita means “little apple.” The plant’s tiny, apple-shaped fruit are edible, and Native-Americans used them as a staple in the winter and spring, said Mahoney. But as buildings spread across San Francisco’s landscape, the city’s two unique species of manzanitas were destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the difficulties of reestablishing a population of rare plants in the wild is illustrated by the story of the other manzanita found exclusively in San Francisco. The Raven’s manzanita, a low-lying shrub like the Franciscan, was also believed to have gone extinct in the wild until it was rediscovered in 1952, also in the Presidio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just like the Franciscan, a single plant of Raven’s manzanita exists in the wild, in an undisclosed location in the Presidio. But unlike the Franciscan, no other specimens of Raven’s manzanita were salvaged. So it has been near impossible for botanists to get the plant to produce seed from which a plant will grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/01/DSC_0085-The-Ravens-manzanita300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>The Raven’s manzanita faces a harder time than the Franciscan manzanita. Only one individual exists.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>The University of California Botanical Garden at Berkeley has had some success, said curator Holly Forbes. It is the only botanical garden that has produced seeds from the Raven’s manzanita. But in order to get the seeds to actually germinate and grow into a plant, a volunteer at the garden had to try 32 different methods, said Forbes. (The two methods that worked involved either refrigerating them, or soaking the seeds in liquid smoke, an infusion produced from smoke passed through water.) The garden has since managed to get 15 Raven’s manzanitas to grow from seed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our goal was to get new genes that might give it an advantage for surviving in the wild,” said Forbes. Even though the seeds came from plants that are genetically identical to each other, some genetic recombination does happen during the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With more genetic material to work with, botanists expect the Franciscan manzanita to have an easier time than its relative, and are excited at the prospect of trying to recreate part of San Francisco’s native landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I look at remaining natural habitats as the original skin of the Earth. And there’s very little of that left in San Francisco,” said Mahoney. “And to actually find one of the anchor and key plants that originally existed in San Francisco and to be able to save it meant a lot to anybody who works with plants and the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.7659715 -122.4664658\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/12737/15-months-later-rediscovered-san-francisco-plant-thrives","authors":["6186"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_203","quest_326","quest_1048","quest_1137","quest_1489","quest_3351","quest_1585","quest_1728","quest_1938","quest_2141","quest_2220","quest_2287","quest_2349","quest_2375","quest_2488","quest_2540"],"featImg":"quest_11646","label":"quest"},"quest_11119":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_11119","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"11119","score":null,"sort":[1292011228000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"producers-notes-science-on-the-spot-watching-the-tides","title":"Producer's Notes: Science on the SPOT: Watching the Tides","publishDate":1292011228,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-watching-the-tides\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/WS202_tides3001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Sittin' on the dock of the bay, watchin' the tides roll away.\u003c/em>\u003c/span> Walking along the shore of San Francisco Bay at Crissy Field in San Francisco, you might not take notice of the small building at the end of a short pier. But this little white shack with the red roof holds a lot of history and houses vitally important scientific instruments. “This is the front line of our data,” says Mary Jane Schramm of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “This is the oldest continually operating tidal gauge in the Western Hemisphere. It’s been in continuous operation since 1854, so it’s weathered the great San Francisco earthquake and many other natural disasters that have put other tidal gauges out of commission.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is important because the bay and ocean currents flooding in and out of the Golden Gate are notoriously treacherous. The US Government realized early on the importance of San Francisco Bay and the need to better understand the movements of the water for navigation. Soon after California became a State, American surveyors were sent to San Francisco to study the water conditions of the great port. And the work has continued non-stop ever since. For over 150 years the San Francisco Tide Station, now operated by NOAA, has produced a continuous recording of water levels and other vital maritime information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today the tide station uses state of the art equipment to measure the water movement of San Francisco Bay. The water gauges are connected to the NOAA Physical Oceanographic Real-Time System (PORTS), and measure nearly real-time water levels, surface and sub-surface currents and other information such as winds, weather and climate data. This information is available to the public so sailors know the best times to cast off, make transits, load or unload cargo, or when to ride the tides in or out of the bay. According to \u003ca href=\"http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/topics/navops/ports/150_years_of_tides.pdf\">a report written by Captain Albert E. Theberge, NOAA (Ret.)\u003c/a>, “This information is critically important considering that there is an average of 261 deep-draft vessels entering San Francisco Bay each month and there are approximately 85,000 registered pleasure boats using approximately 100 yacht clubs in the Bay system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The historical record from the tide station at San Francisco transcends the maritime history of the San Francisco Bay,” according to Captain Theberge. “From the days when clipper ships relied upon tide predictions provided by the station to navigate the dynamic waters of the Golden Gate, to the modern day mariner that obtains real-time water levels so that the huge ship and crane barge operators can tell if they have enough depth in the channels and enough clearance under the bridges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the process of collecting data to insure safe passage in and out of the bay, the San Francisco Tide Station has been instrumental in collecting a long and continuous stream of scientific data that has advanced our knowledge of the oceans and the earth. This data has benefited meteorologists, oceanographers and climatologists alike. As we look to the future and attempt to better understand the changing climate and what that will mean to things such as sea level rise, the current and long-term data collected at this small station will become increasingly more important. “San Francisco is an amazing city in terms of its heritage,” says Mary Jane Schramm, “ The human heritage as well as the magic and mystique of the great Golden Gate. It’s a portal for exploration. We are explorers and by virtue of having this facility here helps foster that process along.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8035713 -122.4593512\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A little white shack with the red roof along Crissy Field holds a lot of history and houses vitally important scientific instruments.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1292011228,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":634},"headData":{"title":"Producer's Notes: Science on the SPOT: Watching the Tides | KQED","description":"A little white shack with the red roof along Crissy Field holds a lot of history and houses vitally important scientific instruments.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Producer's Notes: Science on the SPOT: Watching the Tides","datePublished":"2010-12-10T20:00:28.000Z","dateModified":"2010-12-10T20:00:28.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"11119 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=11119","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/12/10/producers-notes-science-on-the-spot-watching-the-tides/","disqusTitle":"Producer's Notes: Science on the SPOT: Watching the Tides","path":"/quest/11119/producers-notes-science-on-the-spot-watching-the-tides","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-watching-the-tides\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/WS202_tides3001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Sittin' on the dock of the bay, watchin' the tides roll away.\u003c/em>\u003c/span> Walking along the shore of San Francisco Bay at Crissy Field in San Francisco, you might not take notice of the small building at the end of a short pier. But this little white shack with the red roof holds a lot of history and houses vitally important scientific instruments. “This is the front line of our data,” says Mary Jane Schramm of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “This is the oldest continually operating tidal gauge in the Western Hemisphere. It’s been in continuous operation since 1854, so it’s weathered the great San Francisco earthquake and many other natural disasters that have put other tidal gauges out of commission.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is important because the bay and ocean currents flooding in and out of the Golden Gate are notoriously treacherous. The US Government realized early on the importance of San Francisco Bay and the need to better understand the movements of the water for navigation. Soon after California became a State, American surveyors were sent to San Francisco to study the water conditions of the great port. And the work has continued non-stop ever since. For over 150 years the San Francisco Tide Station, now operated by NOAA, has produced a continuous recording of water levels and other vital maritime information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today the tide station uses state of the art equipment to measure the water movement of San Francisco Bay. The water gauges are connected to the NOAA Physical Oceanographic Real-Time System (PORTS), and measure nearly real-time water levels, surface and sub-surface currents and other information such as winds, weather and climate data. This information is available to the public so sailors know the best times to cast off, make transits, load or unload cargo, or when to ride the tides in or out of the bay. According to \u003ca href=\"http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/topics/navops/ports/150_years_of_tides.pdf\">a report written by Captain Albert E. Theberge, NOAA (Ret.)\u003c/a>, “This information is critically important considering that there is an average of 261 deep-draft vessels entering San Francisco Bay each month and there are approximately 85,000 registered pleasure boats using approximately 100 yacht clubs in the Bay system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The historical record from the tide station at San Francisco transcends the maritime history of the San Francisco Bay,” according to Captain Theberge. “From the days when clipper ships relied upon tide predictions provided by the station to navigate the dynamic waters of the Golden Gate, to the modern day mariner that obtains real-time water levels so that the huge ship and crane barge operators can tell if they have enough depth in the channels and enough clearance under the bridges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the process of collecting data to insure safe passage in and out of the bay, the San Francisco Tide Station has been instrumental in collecting a long and continuous stream of scientific data that has advanced our knowledge of the oceans and the earth. This data has benefited meteorologists, oceanographers and climatologists alike. As we look to the future and attempt to better understand the changing climate and what that will mean to things such as sea level rise, the current and long-term data collected at this small station will become increasingly more important. “San Francisco is an amazing city in terms of its heritage,” says Mary Jane Schramm, “ The human heritage as well as the magic and mystique of the great Golden Gate. It’s a portal for exploration. We are explorers and by virtue of having this facility here helps foster that process along.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8035713 -122.4593512\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/11119/producers-notes-science-on-the-spot-watching-the-tides","authors":["10169"],"categories":["quest_3","quest_6"],"tags":["quest_13210","quest_731","quest_1284","quest_1398","quest_3351","quest_1870","quest_2001","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_2486","quest_2540","quest_2936","quest_2937","quest_2938"],"featImg":"quest_11125","label":"quest"},"quest_5953":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_5953","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"5953","score":null,"sort":[1274391171000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"producers-notes-skulls-at-cal-academy","title":"Producer's Notes: Skulls at Cal Academy","publishDate":1274391171,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Producer’s Notes: Skulls at Cal Academy | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-skulls-at-the-cal-academy\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/05/ws103_skulls300_blog_new.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Moe Flannery, Collections Manager for Ornithology & Mammalogy at Cal Academy shows us some jaws that didn’t move too well in life.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>If a dead marine mammal washes up on our beaches, from Bodega Bay to Año Nuevo, the \u003ca href=\"http://research.calacademy.org/om\">California Academy of Sciences Department of Ornithology & Mammalogy\u003c/a> gets a call. They’ve been part of the \u003ca href=\"http://research.calacademy.org/om/mmsn\">Marine Mammal Stranding Network\u003c/a> since 1982, a federal research program run by the National Marine Fisheries Service to investigate strandings, conduct biological monitoring, and coordinate the collection of specimens for study. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>QUEST recently went across town to spend the afternoon with Moe Flannery, Collections Manager for Ornithology & Mammalogy at Cal Academy. She invited us over for a bit of sleuthing with some of her favorite skull & bone specimens from the sea. By comparing the skulls of healthy animals to those who met an untimely death, and factoring in evidence from the report and scene of the stranding, Moe can often formulate a story of what may have happened to the animal, as well as surmise larger patterns in it’s population and ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We started with California Sea Lions \u003cem>(Zalophus californianus)\u003c/em>, an abundant pinniped in our Northern California waters. The Cal Academy has over 28,500 mammal specimens in their vast collection, including 3000 California sea lion skulls. Some of the specimens– such as those with injuries (such as shark bites or broken bones) or congenital deformities, certainly pulled at my heartstrings, But, seeing animals that had been killed (or had their death hastened) due to “human interaction” definitely got my hackles up. In our video we take a look at 2 examples of human interaction, but sadly they are not the only two examples in the collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My favorite skull by far was the beastly and beautiful adult male Northern Elephant Seal \u003cem>(Mirounga angustirostris)\u003c/em>. Although they are no slouch with the flesh intact, without such they made the black bear skull on the table look positively puny. At up to 14 feet long and 5,000 pounds in size, they are in fact the largest mammal breeding in the San Francisco Bay area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most fascinating skulls we saw in the Cal Academy collection actually did not make it into our video. At one point during our behind-the-scenes tour, Moe had us help her pull down a heavy, coffin-shaped wooden box. She opened the top to reveal a 5-plus-foot-long skull of an elderly female Killer Whale \u003cem>(Orcinus orca)\u003c/em>. Although associated more with the Northwest, orcas are found off of our shores as well, and every once in a while wash up on the beach. Moe was able to guess at the age in part by looking at the condition of the teeth. The teeth of the lower jaw were worn down to mere nubs, that would have likely been sitting at or below the gum line. Not much use for catching fish. It is surprising that she was able to live that long without a decent bite, but given the high level of social organization in orca pods, perhaps not. Some researchers have observed these whales sharing their catch with each other. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>In this Episode\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In our second episode of Science on the SPOT, join us on a behind-the-scenes trip deep into the massive collection of marine mammal skulls at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco. You’d be surprised how much you can learn about an animal’s life– and death– by reading their bones. For your viewing pleasure, we’ve embedded a blog-sized version here. If you’d like to embed it on your blog (pretty please), go to the story page and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-skulls-at-the-cal-academy\">grab the embed code\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\nSo what should you do if you find a marine mammal stranded on the beach? If it is dead, call Moe Flannery & company at 415-379-5381 and they will try to salvage it for research. You can also report your finding via email at \u003ca href=\"mailto:marinemammals@calacademy.org\">marinemammals@calacademy.org\u003c/a>. If it is still alive, please call the \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/\">Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a> at 415-289-SEAL (415-289-7325) – they will come down and try to rescue it. Make sure to note where and when you found the stranded marine mammal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"If a dead marine mammal washes up on our beaches, from Bodega Bay to Año Nuevo, the California Academy of Sciences Department of Ornithology & Mammalogy gets a call.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684975271,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":733},"headData":{"title":"Producer's Notes: Skulls at Cal Academy | KQED","description":"If a dead marine mammal washes up on our beaches, from Bodega Bay to Año Nuevo, the California Academy of Sciences Department of Ornithology & Mammalogy gets a call.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Producer's Notes: Skulls at Cal Academy","datePublished":"2010-05-20T21:32:51.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-25T00:41:11.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/5953/producers-notes-skulls-at-cal-academy","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-skulls-at-the-cal-academy\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/05/ws103_skulls300_blog_new.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Moe Flannery, Collections Manager for Ornithology & Mammalogy at Cal Academy shows us some jaws that didn’t move too well in life.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>If a dead marine mammal washes up on our beaches, from Bodega Bay to Año Nuevo, the \u003ca href=\"http://research.calacademy.org/om\">California Academy of Sciences Department of Ornithology & Mammalogy\u003c/a> gets a call. They’ve been part of the \u003ca href=\"http://research.calacademy.org/om/mmsn\">Marine Mammal Stranding Network\u003c/a> since 1982, a federal research program run by the National Marine Fisheries Service to investigate strandings, conduct biological monitoring, and coordinate the collection of specimens for study. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>QUEST recently went across town to spend the afternoon with Moe Flannery, Collections Manager for Ornithology & Mammalogy at Cal Academy. She invited us over for a bit of sleuthing with some of her favorite skull & bone specimens from the sea. By comparing the skulls of healthy animals to those who met an untimely death, and factoring in evidence from the report and scene of the stranding, Moe can often formulate a story of what may have happened to the animal, as well as surmise larger patterns in it’s population and ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We started with California Sea Lions \u003cem>(Zalophus californianus)\u003c/em>, an abundant pinniped in our Northern California waters. The Cal Academy has over 28,500 mammal specimens in their vast collection, including 3000 California sea lion skulls. Some of the specimens– such as those with injuries (such as shark bites or broken bones) or congenital deformities, certainly pulled at my heartstrings, But, seeing animals that had been killed (or had their death hastened) due to “human interaction” definitely got my hackles up. In our video we take a look at 2 examples of human interaction, but sadly they are not the only two examples in the collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My favorite skull by far was the beastly and beautiful adult male Northern Elephant Seal \u003cem>(Mirounga angustirostris)\u003c/em>. Although they are no slouch with the flesh intact, without such they made the black bear skull on the table look positively puny. At up to 14 feet long and 5,000 pounds in size, they are in fact the largest mammal breeding in the San Francisco Bay area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most fascinating skulls we saw in the Cal Academy collection actually did not make it into our video. At one point during our behind-the-scenes tour, Moe had us help her pull down a heavy, coffin-shaped wooden box. She opened the top to reveal a 5-plus-foot-long skull of an elderly female Killer Whale \u003cem>(Orcinus orca)\u003c/em>. Although associated more with the Northwest, orcas are found off of our shores as well, and every once in a while wash up on the beach. Moe was able to guess at the age in part by looking at the condition of the teeth. The teeth of the lower jaw were worn down to mere nubs, that would have likely been sitting at or below the gum line. Not much use for catching fish. It is surprising that she was able to live that long without a decent bite, but given the high level of social organization in orca pods, perhaps not. Some researchers have observed these whales sharing their catch with each other. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>In this Episode\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In our second episode of Science on the SPOT, join us on a behind-the-scenes trip deep into the massive collection of marine mammal skulls at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco. You’d be surprised how much you can learn about an animal’s life– and death– by reading their bones. For your viewing pleasure, we’ve embedded a blog-sized version here. If you’d like to embed it on your blog (pretty please), go to the story page and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-skulls-at-the-cal-academy\">grab the embed code\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\nSo what should you do if you find a marine mammal stranded on the beach? If it is dead, call Moe Flannery & company at 415-379-5381 and they will try to salvage it for research. You can also report your finding via email at \u003ca href=\"mailto:marinemammals@calacademy.org\">marinemammals@calacademy.org\u003c/a>. If it is still alive, please call the \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/\">Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a> at 415-289-SEAL (415-289-7325) – they will come down and try to rescue it. Make sure to note where and when you found the stranded marine mammal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/5953/producers-notes-skulls-at-cal-academy","authors":["6166"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_363","quest_431","quest_781","quest_1409","quest_3351","quest_1743","quest_2141","quest_2209","quest_2349","quest_2530","quest_2540","quest_2650","quest_9333"],"label":"quest"},"quest_5561":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_5561","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"5561","score":null,"sort":[1270688627000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"new-original-science-video-series-from-quest-science-on-the-spot","title":"New original science video series from QUEST: Science on the SPOT","publishDate":1270688627,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>QUEST is pleased to announce a new original science video series, \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/sots/\">Science on the SPOT\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>. These monthly fast-paced, short stories are produced and published exclusively for you - our loyal web audience. \u003cstrong>Science on the SPOT\u003c/strong> goes behind the scenes at local San Francisco Bay Area labs, follows breaking discoveries, and gets you special access to obscure science venues and collections. Our goal is to drill down on one place, one science concept, one person, and see the science in action as it is happening, with the folks who make it happen. All with a style that gives a nod to our award-winning broadcast \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/\">Television\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/radio\">radio stories\u003c/a>, but with its own voice.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Our First Episode\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In our first installment of the series, \u003cstrong>Suiting Up For Science: Swimming with Sharks\u003c/strong> we get in the tank at the Monterey Bay Aquarium to meet the intrepid dive team who keeps the enormous Outer Bay Exhibit spic-and-span while \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-swimming-with-sharks\">swimming in 40 pounds of stainless steel, shark-resistant armor\u003c/a>. For your viewing pleasure, we've embedded a blog-sized version here. If you'd like to embed it on your blog (pretty please), go to the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-swimming-with-sharks\">story page\u003c/a> and grab the YouTube embed code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/uX2dMwGQ5fk?list=PLE947D5F2B31369F6\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Share Your Ideas\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Do you know someone who has to wear special gear for your job in science, engineering, or technology? Are you that person? Leave a comment below if you have an idea of which science fashionista we should visit next. \u003cem>Suiting up for Science\u003c/em> is just one type of story we'll be doing, so other ideas are welcome, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How to Watch Science on the SPOT\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>We'll be tweaking things a lot (both technically and editorially) over the coming weeks so stay tuned. Well, not exactly tuned, as you won't see these segments broadcast on KQED-TV. To see all episodes of SOTS, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/sots/\" target=\"_blank\">you can go the main SOTS page\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are available for streaming here on the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest\">QUEST website\u003c/a> (look stories with the green corner stripe), via our main QUEST Video Podcast (both \u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/kqed-quest-science-video-podcast/id214431008\">iTunes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/.pod/questvideo\">RSS\u003c/a>), on \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/user/KQEDondemand#grid/user/E947D5F2B31369F6\">YouTube\u003c/a>, and our first foray into High Definition video podcasting, the Science on the SPOT High Definition Podcast (\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/science-on-spot-hd-video-podcast/id366397656\">iTunes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/.pod/quest_sots_HD\">RSS\u003c/a>). For the record, our current HD podcast spec is 1280 x 720, 5mbps H.264 video, 128k AAC audio. Let us know how it looks. I personally think it looks incredible on Apple's iPad, but YMMV. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And you can \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/about/share-a-story-idea/\">make story suggestions for \u003cstrong>Science on the SPOT\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>, as well as QUEST radio and TV, at anytime. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Great for Teachers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason we're making a few different download options available is that we want teachers to have easy access to the stories, even if they can't stream our stories on the web due to a slow connection, or have a \u003cdel datetime=\"2010-04-07T22:29:28+00:00\">totalitarian regime\u003c/del> school district that blocks YouTube. And at 3-5 minutes in length, we're hopeful they'll be easy to incorporate into classroom curricula.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"QUEST is pleased to announce a new original science video series, Science on the SPOT. Science on the SPOT goes behind the scenes at local San Francisco Bay Area labs, follows breaking discoveries, and gets you special access to obscure science locations and collections.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457574334,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://www.youtube.com/embed/uX2dMwGQ5fk"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":497},"headData":{"title":"New original science video series from QUEST: Science on the SPOT | KQED","description":"QUEST is pleased to announce a new original science video series, Science on the SPOT. Science on the SPOT goes behind the scenes at local San Francisco Bay Area labs, follows breaking discoveries, and gets you special access to obscure science locations and collections.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"New original science video series from QUEST: Science on the SPOT","datePublished":"2010-04-08T01:03:47.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-10T01:45:34.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"5561 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=5561","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/04/07/new-original-science-video-series-from-quest-science-on-the-spot/","disqusTitle":"New original science video series from QUEST: Science on the SPOT","path":"/quest/5561/new-original-science-video-series-from-quest-science-on-the-spot","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>QUEST is pleased to announce a new original science video series, \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/sots/\">Science on the SPOT\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>. These monthly fast-paced, short stories are produced and published exclusively for you - our loyal web audience. \u003cstrong>Science on the SPOT\u003c/strong> goes behind the scenes at local San Francisco Bay Area labs, follows breaking discoveries, and gets you special access to obscure science venues and collections. Our goal is to drill down on one place, one science concept, one person, and see the science in action as it is happening, with the folks who make it happen. All with a style that gives a nod to our award-winning broadcast \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/\">Television\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/radio\">radio stories\u003c/a>, but with its own voice.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Our First Episode\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In our first installment of the series, \u003cstrong>Suiting Up For Science: Swimming with Sharks\u003c/strong> we get in the tank at the Monterey Bay Aquarium to meet the intrepid dive team who keeps the enormous Outer Bay Exhibit spic-and-span while \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-swimming-with-sharks\">swimming in 40 pounds of stainless steel, shark-resistant armor\u003c/a>. For your viewing pleasure, we've embedded a blog-sized version here. If you'd like to embed it on your blog (pretty please), go to the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-swimming-with-sharks\">story page\u003c/a> and grab the YouTube embed code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/uX2dMwGQ5fk?list=PLE947D5F2B31369F6\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Share Your Ideas\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Do you know someone who has to wear special gear for your job in science, engineering, or technology? Are you that person? Leave a comment below if you have an idea of which science fashionista we should visit next. \u003cem>Suiting up for Science\u003c/em> is just one type of story we'll be doing, so other ideas are welcome, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How to Watch Science on the SPOT\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>We'll be tweaking things a lot (both technically and editorially) over the coming weeks so stay tuned. Well, not exactly tuned, as you won't see these segments broadcast on KQED-TV. To see all episodes of SOTS, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/sots/\" target=\"_blank\">you can go the main SOTS page\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are available for streaming here on the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest\">QUEST website\u003c/a> (look stories with the green corner stripe), via our main QUEST Video Podcast (both \u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/kqed-quest-science-video-podcast/id214431008\">iTunes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/.pod/questvideo\">RSS\u003c/a>), on \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/user/KQEDondemand#grid/user/E947D5F2B31369F6\">YouTube\u003c/a>, and our first foray into High Definition video podcasting, the Science on the SPOT High Definition Podcast (\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/science-on-spot-hd-video-podcast/id366397656\">iTunes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/.pod/quest_sots_HD\">RSS\u003c/a>). For the record, our current HD podcast spec is 1280 x 720, 5mbps H.264 video, 128k AAC audio. Let us know how it looks. I personally think it looks incredible on Apple's iPad, but YMMV. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And you can \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/about/share-a-story-idea/\">make story suggestions for \u003cstrong>Science on the SPOT\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>, as well as QUEST radio and TV, at anytime. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Great for Teachers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason we're making a few different download options available is that we want teachers to have easy access to the stories, even if they can't stream our stories on the web due to a slow connection, or have a \u003cdel datetime=\"2010-04-07T22:29:28+00:00\">totalitarian regime\u003c/del> school district that blocks YouTube. And at 3-5 minutes in length, we're hopeful they'll be easy to incorporate into classroom curricula.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/5561/new-original-science-video-series-from-quest-science-on-the-spot","authors":["6166"],"categories":["quest_1"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_431","quest_3351","quest_1866","quest_2141","quest_2241","quest_2281","quest_2349","quest_2486","quest_2530","quest_2540","quest_2587","quest_2893","quest_3071"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. 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And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. 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