Braking for Beetles: When Recreation and Conservation Converge
Geological Outings Around the Bay: Natural Bridges
Producer's Notes: Science on the SPOT - Banana Slugs Unpeeled
Tsunami Awareness at the Beach
Science on the SPOT: Revisiting Albino Redwoods, Biological Mystery
Exploring the Natural Bridges State Beach Tidepools
Discuss the "California's Fire Future" Radio Report
Exploring Natural Bridges State Beach
Sponsored
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He is a two-time winner of the international Society of Environmental Journalists Award for Outstanding Television Story and has received multiple Northern California Emmy Awards. Some of his Quest stories have been featured in the San Francisco Ocean Film Festival, Jackson Hole Wildlife Film Festival, United Nations Association Film Festival, the BLUE Ocean Film Festival and the Environmental Film Festival in Washington DC. A 5th generation Bay Area resident and a graduate of St. Mary's College of California, his hobbies include canoeing, snowboarding, wood-working and trying to play the ukulele. He and his family live in Alameda, CA.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d606424d49e072570290f2ab542490b0?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Chris Bauer | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d606424d49e072570290f2ab542490b0?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d606424d49e072570290f2ab542490b0?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/chris-bauer"},"jennifer-skene":{"type":"authors","id":"10200","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10200","found":true},"name":"Jennifer Skene","firstName":"Jennifer","lastName":"Skene","slug":"jennifer-skene","email":"jen@skene.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Jennifer Skene develops curriculum on climate change and ocean sciences at the Lawrence Hall of Science and teaches biology and science communication at Mills College and the University of California Berkeley. She has a degree in biology from Brown University and a Ph.D. in Integrative Biology from UC Berkeley. She started working with QUEST in 2008 as an intern. She has written for the Berkeley Science Review and the UC Museum of Paleontology’s Understanding Evolution and Understanding Science websites.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aef770c1852a70b094a8f4ef2c3107e6?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Jennifer Skene | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aef770c1852a70b094a8f4ef2c3107e6?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aef770c1852a70b094a8f4ef2c3107e6?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/jennifer-skene"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_43418":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_43418","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"43418","score":null,"sort":[1346857257000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"braking-for-beetles-when-recreation-and-conservation-converge","title":"Braking for Beetles: When Recreation and Conservation Converge","publishDate":1346857257,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43424\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/05/braking-for-beetles-when-recreation-and-conservation-converge/beetle-approaching-carousel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43424\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-43424\" title=\"Ohlone tiger beetle \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/beetle-approaching.carousel-640x358.jpg\" alt=\"Ohlone tiger beetle\" width=\"640\" height=\"358\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The endangered Ohlone tiger beetle, found only in Santa Cruz County, sports a forbidding set of mandibles, befitting this top insect predator. (Image: Tara Cornelisse)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wildlife biologists joke that they chose biology because they liked animals more than people, but now spend more time dealing with humans than wildlife. As biodiversity loss proceeds at an unprecedented rate—25% of all mammals alone are at risk of extinction—it’s not surprising that biologists increasingly focus on finding ways to protect what’s left. And protection strategies inevitably involve managing human behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wolf experts typically spend a disproportionate chunk of their time trying to convince people why taking even minor steps to coexist with carnivores—like mounting \u003ca href=\"http://sciencetrio.wordpress.com/2011/04/05/electrifying-deterrents-wolves-and-fladry/\">fladry\u003c/a> (usually red flags attached to twine) along fences or placing livestock inside at night to thwart opportunistic predation—can benefit both wolves and humans. Lion biologists do much the same, while also reassuring anxious park visitors that lions really would prefer to make a meal of deer over people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists have one thing in their favor when doing public outreach for such charismatic carnivores. If people don’t have time to learn the ecological benefits of keeping lions and wolves on the landscape, they can easily appreciate the aesthetic value of having them around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a bit tougher for biologists like Tara Cornelisse to count on \u003ca href=\"http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/environmental-aesthetics/#EnvAesEnv\">conservation aesthetics\u003c/a> when making her case to protect another fearsome carnivore: \u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzpl.org/endangered/species/16/\">the Ohlone tiger beetle\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An ambush predator like its namesake, the tiger beetle relies on agility and keen eyesight to find, stalk, and pounce on potential prey, which includes ants, spiders, smaller beetles, flies, and whatever else it can catch. Tiger beetle larvae pop from their burrow like a mini jack-in-the-box to nab invertebrate passersby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43441\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 440px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/05/braking-for-beetles-when-recreation-and-conservation-converge/beetle-head-shot/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43441\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-43441\" title=\"beetle head shot\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/beetle-head-shot-440x360.jpg\" alt=\"ohlone tiger beetle \" width=\"440\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prey caught in the beetle’s powerful, sickle-shaped toothy jaws have little chance of escaping. (Image: Maycee Hash)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cornelisse’s endangered study subject, discovered in 1987, now lives in just five isolated grassland parcels in Santa Cruz County. Though Cornelisse, a PhD candidate in environmental studies at UC Santa Cruz, sees nothing but beauty in the “gorgeous\" little iridescent green beetle, it’s not likely to make the cover of \u003cem>National Geographic\u003c/em> anytime soon. And then there’s the human problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outdoor recreation is a leading cause of declines in endangered and threatened species on public lands. When Cornelisse started studying the tiger beetle, hikers and mountain bikers were viewed as their biggest threat, especially after a \u003ca href=\"http://www.metroactive.com/papers/cruz/04.24.02/beetles-0217.html\">2002 news story\u003c/a> blamed bikers for making mincemeat out of the endangered arthropods as they blasted down trails in sensitive beetle habitat. As a result, trails were closed to protect the beetles, pitting humans against endangered species once again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiger beetles love disturbed landscapes, once a major feature of their coastal prairie habitat thanks to now extinct vegetation-trampling woolly mammoths, elk, and other ungulates, and to seasonal fires managed by Native Americans. The loss of grazers and the spread of invasive species means beetles increasingly struggle to find the bare ground they need to thrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cornelisse sees a potential path toward tiger beetle recovery with help from some unlikely allies. Recreational trails appear to be replacing habitat lost to invasive grasses. And that means the species’ greatest hope of survival may rest with the very people who accidentally squash individuals on trails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ironically, trail closures lasted only a few years after anecdotal reports that spreading vegetation had reclaimed coveted bare-ground habitat. Since beetles appear to depend on recreational trails to hunt and find mates, Cornelisse is trying to figure out how to keep trails open while reducing beetle mortality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toward that end, she worked with Watsonville high school science teacher Bill Callahan to interview hikers and bikers alongside trails. She wanted to know if people would change their habits if they knew that doing so would benefit an endangered insect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43451\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 449px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/05/braking-for-beetles-when-recreation-and-conservation-converge/ohlonetigerbeetle-fws/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43451\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-43451\" title=\"ohlonetigerbeetle.FWS\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/ohlonetigerbeetle.FWS_-449x360.jpg\" alt=\"ohlone tiger beetle \" width=\"449\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ohlone tiger beetles need bare ground to hunt, find mates, and regulate their body temperature. Recreational trails may help replace habitat lost to invasive grasses and the absence of natural landscape disturbance and fires--as long as bikers follow posted rules aimed at reducing beetle casualties. (Image: US Fish and Wildlife Service)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Using cookies and water to lure folks away from their recreational activities long enough for the survey, Cornelisse and Callahan asked them a set of questions to determine their knowledge of the beetle and recreational impacts, and whether they valued its conservation and would comply with management strategies to conserve habitat and reduce beetle mortality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strategies include slowing down, dismounting and walking, avoiding closed trails, using alternate routes, and helping to make new trails in grasslands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cornelisse discovered, as social science theory predicts, that education can affect attitudes and ultimately behavior. And people were delighted when they learned that their actions can have positive impacts on an endangered species, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When cyclists fly through tiger beetle territory at high speeds, the insects in turn fly off to nearby tall grasses, wasting precious energy needed to hunt and maintain body temperature. Bikers can cut their negative impacts in half simply by slowing down to speeds of 5 to 7 miles an hour in beetle habitat, Cornelisse’s research shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because younger respondents tended not to know about the beetle, and those aware of the beetle and its plight were more likely to comply with conservation strategies, Cornelisse thinks educational outreach programs should target younger hikers and bikers, particularly high school mountain biking groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she hopes nature lovers beyond Santa Cruz County who haven’t heard of the beautiful little predator might consider lending a hand to create more beetle-friendly trails. It’s not every day mountain bikers—sometimes referred to as “wheeled locusts”—get a chance to show they respect and value public lands just as much as the rest of us.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The endangered Ohlone tiger beetle, found only in Santa Cruz County, depends on disturbed landscapes to hunt and breed. Migrating woolly mammoths and more recently grazing elk helped maintain that habitat. Recreational trails might prove a good replacement--as long as mountain bikers follow rules to reduce beetle casualties.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443830611,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":993},"headData":{"title":"Braking for Beetles: When Recreation and Conservation Converge | KQED","description":"The endangered Ohlone tiger beetle, found only in Santa Cruz County, depends on disturbed landscapes to hunt and breed. Migrating woolly mammoths and more recently grazing elk helped maintain that habitat. Recreational trails might prove a good replacement--as long as mountain bikers follow rules to reduce beetle casualties.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Braking for Beetles: When Recreation and Conservation Converge","datePublished":"2012-09-05T15:00:57.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-03T00:03:31.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"43418 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=43418","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/05/braking-for-beetles-when-recreation-and-conservation-converge/","disqusTitle":"Braking for Beetles: When Recreation and Conservation Converge","path":"/quest/43418/braking-for-beetles-when-recreation-and-conservation-converge","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43424\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/05/braking-for-beetles-when-recreation-and-conservation-converge/beetle-approaching-carousel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43424\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-43424\" title=\"Ohlone tiger beetle \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/beetle-approaching.carousel-640x358.jpg\" alt=\"Ohlone tiger beetle\" width=\"640\" height=\"358\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The endangered Ohlone tiger beetle, found only in Santa Cruz County, sports a forbidding set of mandibles, befitting this top insect predator. (Image: Tara Cornelisse)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wildlife biologists joke that they chose biology because they liked animals more than people, but now spend more time dealing with humans than wildlife. As biodiversity loss proceeds at an unprecedented rate—25% of all mammals alone are at risk of extinction—it’s not surprising that biologists increasingly focus on finding ways to protect what’s left. And protection strategies inevitably involve managing human behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wolf experts typically spend a disproportionate chunk of their time trying to convince people why taking even minor steps to coexist with carnivores—like mounting \u003ca href=\"http://sciencetrio.wordpress.com/2011/04/05/electrifying-deterrents-wolves-and-fladry/\">fladry\u003c/a> (usually red flags attached to twine) along fences or placing livestock inside at night to thwart opportunistic predation—can benefit both wolves and humans. Lion biologists do much the same, while also reassuring anxious park visitors that lions really would prefer to make a meal of deer over people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists have one thing in their favor when doing public outreach for such charismatic carnivores. If people don’t have time to learn the ecological benefits of keeping lions and wolves on the landscape, they can easily appreciate the aesthetic value of having them around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a bit tougher for biologists like Tara Cornelisse to count on \u003ca href=\"http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/environmental-aesthetics/#EnvAesEnv\">conservation aesthetics\u003c/a> when making her case to protect another fearsome carnivore: \u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzpl.org/endangered/species/16/\">the Ohlone tiger beetle\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An ambush predator like its namesake, the tiger beetle relies on agility and keen eyesight to find, stalk, and pounce on potential prey, which includes ants, spiders, smaller beetles, flies, and whatever else it can catch. Tiger beetle larvae pop from their burrow like a mini jack-in-the-box to nab invertebrate passersby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43441\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 440px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/05/braking-for-beetles-when-recreation-and-conservation-converge/beetle-head-shot/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43441\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-43441\" title=\"beetle head shot\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/beetle-head-shot-440x360.jpg\" alt=\"ohlone tiger beetle \" width=\"440\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prey caught in the beetle’s powerful, sickle-shaped toothy jaws have little chance of escaping. (Image: Maycee Hash)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cornelisse’s endangered study subject, discovered in 1987, now lives in just five isolated grassland parcels in Santa Cruz County. Though Cornelisse, a PhD candidate in environmental studies at UC Santa Cruz, sees nothing but beauty in the “gorgeous\" little iridescent green beetle, it’s not likely to make the cover of \u003cem>National Geographic\u003c/em> anytime soon. And then there’s the human problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outdoor recreation is a leading cause of declines in endangered and threatened species on public lands. When Cornelisse started studying the tiger beetle, hikers and mountain bikers were viewed as their biggest threat, especially after a \u003ca href=\"http://www.metroactive.com/papers/cruz/04.24.02/beetles-0217.html\">2002 news story\u003c/a> blamed bikers for making mincemeat out of the endangered arthropods as they blasted down trails in sensitive beetle habitat. As a result, trails were closed to protect the beetles, pitting humans against endangered species once again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiger beetles love disturbed landscapes, once a major feature of their coastal prairie habitat thanks to now extinct vegetation-trampling woolly mammoths, elk, and other ungulates, and to seasonal fires managed by Native Americans. The loss of grazers and the spread of invasive species means beetles increasingly struggle to find the bare ground they need to thrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cornelisse sees a potential path toward tiger beetle recovery with help from some unlikely allies. Recreational trails appear to be replacing habitat lost to invasive grasses. And that means the species’ greatest hope of survival may rest with the very people who accidentally squash individuals on trails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ironically, trail closures lasted only a few years after anecdotal reports that spreading vegetation had reclaimed coveted bare-ground habitat. Since beetles appear to depend on recreational trails to hunt and find mates, Cornelisse is trying to figure out how to keep trails open while reducing beetle mortality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toward that end, she worked with Watsonville high school science teacher Bill Callahan to interview hikers and bikers alongside trails. She wanted to know if people would change their habits if they knew that doing so would benefit an endangered insect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43451\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 449px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/05/braking-for-beetles-when-recreation-and-conservation-converge/ohlonetigerbeetle-fws/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43451\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-43451\" title=\"ohlonetigerbeetle.FWS\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/ohlonetigerbeetle.FWS_-449x360.jpg\" alt=\"ohlone tiger beetle \" width=\"449\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ohlone tiger beetles need bare ground to hunt, find mates, and regulate their body temperature. Recreational trails may help replace habitat lost to invasive grasses and the absence of natural landscape disturbance and fires--as long as bikers follow posted rules aimed at reducing beetle casualties. (Image: US Fish and Wildlife Service)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Using cookies and water to lure folks away from their recreational activities long enough for the survey, Cornelisse and Callahan asked them a set of questions to determine their knowledge of the beetle and recreational impacts, and whether they valued its conservation and would comply with management strategies to conserve habitat and reduce beetle mortality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strategies include slowing down, dismounting and walking, avoiding closed trails, using alternate routes, and helping to make new trails in grasslands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cornelisse discovered, as social science theory predicts, that education can affect attitudes and ultimately behavior. And people were delighted when they learned that their actions can have positive impacts on an endangered species, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When cyclists fly through tiger beetle territory at high speeds, the insects in turn fly off to nearby tall grasses, wasting precious energy needed to hunt and maintain body temperature. Bikers can cut their negative impacts in half simply by slowing down to speeds of 5 to 7 miles an hour in beetle habitat, Cornelisse’s research shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because younger respondents tended not to know about the beetle, and those aware of the beetle and its plight were more likely to comply with conservation strategies, Cornelisse thinks educational outreach programs should target younger hikers and bikers, particularly high school mountain biking groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she hopes nature lovers beyond Santa Cruz County who haven’t heard of the beautiful little predator might consider lending a hand to create more beetle-friendly trails. It’s not every day mountain bikers—sometimes referred to as “wheeled locusts”—get a chance to show they respect and value public lands just as much as the rest of us.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/43418/braking-for-beetles-when-recreation-and-conservation-converge","authors":["6322"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_11413","quest_326","quest_10936","quest_3529","quest_980","quest_1472","quest_11412","quest_13","quest_2507","quest_3808"],"featImg":"quest_43424","label":"quest"},"quest_27744":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_27744","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"27744","score":null,"sort":[1322154033000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"geological-outings-around-the-bay-natural-bridges","title":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Natural Bridges","publishDate":1322154033,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Natural Bridges State Beach is in Santa Cruz, just west of downtown. It's an easy outing and a nice spot, popular for its sheltered beach and butterfly trees. But the \u003ca href=\"http://parks.ca.gov/?page_id=541\">official park site\u003c/a> says nothing about the rocks, so I must remedy that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First of all, there's only one natural bridge at Natural Bridges, a sea arch next to a bedrock promontory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-natural-bridges/natbridgesetting/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-27747\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27747\" title=\"natbridgesetting\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgesetting.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgesetting.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgesetting-400x256.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gap between these two landforms used to be a second arch, and beyond them was a third. People used to drive out on the arches and have picnics. This was around the same time that Yosemite conducted public bear feedings and dumped bonfires over the cliffs every summer evening. Now park systems take preservation more seriously, and the remaining arch is off limits. Even so, the sea will take it down some day, as it did the other two, but without human help this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Notice the flat surface of the surrounding land. All of this is the lowest of Santa Cruz's famous marine terraces, carved by the ocean waves some 80,000 years ago when the land lay lower and the sea level was steady. Since that time the sea has fluctuated and the land has risen. Several older terraces lie higher along the coast. The terraces are topped with a thin layer of beach sand and gravel. Today's seacliffs expose the older rock beneath. And with that, let's look at the geologic map of the area (from U.S. Geological Survey \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-489/\">Open-File Report 97-489\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-natural-bridges/natbridgesmap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-27748\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27748\" title=\"natbridgesmap\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgesmap.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgesmap.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgesmap-400x250.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unit Qcl is the lower terrace and Qcu is the higher terraces. Around Soquel Creek are wetland deposits (Qb) and river sediment or alluvium, shown by the lightest color. There are three units of proper rock; from left to right (and oldest to youngest) they're the Santa Margarita Sandstone (Tsm), the Santa Cruz Mudstone (Tsc) and the Purisima Formation (Tp). (We met the Purisima before at \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/10/geological-outings-around-the-bay-fitzgerald-marine-preserve/\">Fitzgerald Preserve\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/28/greater-bay-area-geo-attractions-san-gregorio-beach/\">San Gregorio Beach\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/\">Point Año Nuevo\u003c/a>.) Together they date from late Miocene to Pliocene time, about 10 million to 4 million years ago. The reason they crop out in this pattern is apparent in the photo above the map: the rock beds are tilted down to the east, which allowed erosion to expose the older rocks in the west. They got their tilt as this part of California was carried north along the San Andreas fault system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These facts matter in understanding what you'll see as you approach the bluffs west of the arch and observe the remarkable speckled rock of the Santa Cruz Mudstone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-natural-bridges/natbridgespots/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-27749\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27749\" title=\"natbridgespots\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgespots.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"510\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgespots.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgespots-400x340.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The underlying Santa Margarita Sandstone is full of organic matter. Beneath it, the Monterey Formation is even more so (it's the foremost of the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/14/petroleum-in-the-bay-area/\">Bay Area's petroleum\u003c/a> source rocks). So for many thousands of years, natural gas and hydrocarbons have been rising through the Santa Cruz Mudstone, both before and after it turned from sediment to stone. They followed a set of millions of parallel cracks, or joints, made by the stresses of moving along the San Andreas fault. After that, chemically active water did the same, depositing iron minerals in the stone. You'll see that the iron mineralization is closely related to the jointing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-natural-bridges/natbridgejoints/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-27746\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27746\" title=\"natbridgejoints\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgejoints.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"481\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgejoints.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgejoints-400x321.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In at least two places, you'll find small faults displacing the Santa Cruz Mudstone. These are classified as normal faults, steep faults that drop one side relative to the other. They show nice examples of the upward-splaying pattern called flower structure, a sign that the faulting occurred near the ground surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-natural-bridges/natbridgefault/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-27745\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27745\" title=\"natbridgefault\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgefault.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgefault.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgefault-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These faults dropped the rocks down on the east side, reinforcing the eastward tilt of the bedding. About a half-mile east of the park, in the bluffs along West Cliff Drive, the top of the Santa Cruz Mudstone comes into view and we can see what all those rising hydrocarbons were doing: feeding a large seafloor ecosystem based on \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/fossilstimeevolution/ig/fossil-pictures/fossil-cold-seep.htm\">cold seeps\u003c/a>. The UC Santa Cruz geology club visited the \"toilet bowls\" in 2003 and \u003ca href=\"http://es.ucsc.edu/~geoclub/paleosurfpics.html\">put up pictures\u003c/a>, and a UCSC research team \u003ca href=\"http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/29/12/1111.abstract\">described them in detail in the journal \u003ci>Geology\u003c/i> in 2001\u003c/a>. Such things must exist today in similar places, like the seafloor off Santa Barbara and beneath the Gulf of Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"There's more to see at Natural Bridges State Beach than the temporary natural bridge. It's a monument to the cultural as well as the geological past.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1475696704,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":710},"headData":{"title":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Natural Bridges | KQED","description":"There's more to see at Natural Bridges State Beach than the temporary natural bridge. It's a monument to the cultural as well as the geological past.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Natural Bridges","datePublished":"2011-11-24T17:00:33.000Z","dateModified":"2016-10-05T19:45:04.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"27744 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=27744","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-natural-bridges/","disqusTitle":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Natural Bridges","path":"/quest/27744/geological-outings-around-the-bay-natural-bridges","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Natural Bridges State Beach is in Santa Cruz, just west of downtown. It's an easy outing and a nice spot, popular for its sheltered beach and butterfly trees. But the \u003ca href=\"http://parks.ca.gov/?page_id=541\">official park site\u003c/a> says nothing about the rocks, so I must remedy that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First of all, there's only one natural bridge at Natural Bridges, a sea arch next to a bedrock promontory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-natural-bridges/natbridgesetting/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-27747\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27747\" title=\"natbridgesetting\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgesetting.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgesetting.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgesetting-400x256.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gap between these two landforms used to be a second arch, and beyond them was a third. People used to drive out on the arches and have picnics. This was around the same time that Yosemite conducted public bear feedings and dumped bonfires over the cliffs every summer evening. Now park systems take preservation more seriously, and the remaining arch is off limits. Even so, the sea will take it down some day, as it did the other two, but without human help this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Notice the flat surface of the surrounding land. All of this is the lowest of Santa Cruz's famous marine terraces, carved by the ocean waves some 80,000 years ago when the land lay lower and the sea level was steady. Since that time the sea has fluctuated and the land has risen. Several older terraces lie higher along the coast. The terraces are topped with a thin layer of beach sand and gravel. Today's seacliffs expose the older rock beneath. And with that, let's look at the geologic map of the area (from U.S. Geological Survey \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-489/\">Open-File Report 97-489\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-natural-bridges/natbridgesmap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-27748\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27748\" title=\"natbridgesmap\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgesmap.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgesmap.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgesmap-400x250.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unit Qcl is the lower terrace and Qcu is the higher terraces. Around Soquel Creek are wetland deposits (Qb) and river sediment or alluvium, shown by the lightest color. There are three units of proper rock; from left to right (and oldest to youngest) they're the Santa Margarita Sandstone (Tsm), the Santa Cruz Mudstone (Tsc) and the Purisima Formation (Tp). (We met the Purisima before at \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/10/geological-outings-around-the-bay-fitzgerald-marine-preserve/\">Fitzgerald Preserve\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/28/greater-bay-area-geo-attractions-san-gregorio-beach/\">San Gregorio Beach\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/\">Point Año Nuevo\u003c/a>.) Together they date from late Miocene to Pliocene time, about 10 million to 4 million years ago. The reason they crop out in this pattern is apparent in the photo above the map: the rock beds are tilted down to the east, which allowed erosion to expose the older rocks in the west. They got their tilt as this part of California was carried north along the San Andreas fault system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These facts matter in understanding what you'll see as you approach the bluffs west of the arch and observe the remarkable speckled rock of the Santa Cruz Mudstone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-natural-bridges/natbridgespots/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-27749\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27749\" title=\"natbridgespots\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgespots.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"510\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgespots.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgespots-400x340.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The underlying Santa Margarita Sandstone is full of organic matter. Beneath it, the Monterey Formation is even more so (it's the foremost of the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/14/petroleum-in-the-bay-area/\">Bay Area's petroleum\u003c/a> source rocks). So for many thousands of years, natural gas and hydrocarbons have been rising through the Santa Cruz Mudstone, both before and after it turned from sediment to stone. They followed a set of millions of parallel cracks, or joints, made by the stresses of moving along the San Andreas fault. After that, chemically active water did the same, depositing iron minerals in the stone. You'll see that the iron mineralization is closely related to the jointing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-natural-bridges/natbridgejoints/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-27746\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27746\" title=\"natbridgejoints\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgejoints.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"481\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgejoints.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgejoints-400x321.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In at least two places, you'll find small faults displacing the Santa Cruz Mudstone. These are classified as normal faults, steep faults that drop one side relative to the other. They show nice examples of the upward-splaying pattern called flower structure, a sign that the faulting occurred near the ground surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-natural-bridges/natbridgefault/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-27745\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27745\" title=\"natbridgefault\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgefault.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgefault.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgefault-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These faults dropped the rocks down on the east side, reinforcing the eastward tilt of the bedding. About a half-mile east of the park, in the bluffs along West Cliff Drive, the top of the Santa Cruz Mudstone comes into view and we can see what all those rising hydrocarbons were doing: feeding a large seafloor ecosystem based on \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/fossilstimeevolution/ig/fossil-pictures/fossil-cold-seep.htm\">cold seeps\u003c/a>. The UC Santa Cruz geology club visited the \"toilet bowls\" in 2003 and \u003ca href=\"http://es.ucsc.edu/~geoclub/paleosurfpics.html\">put up pictures\u003c/a>, and a UCSC research team \u003ca href=\"http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/29/12/1111.abstract\">described them in detail in the journal \u003ci>Geology\u003c/i> in 2001\u003c/a>. Such things must exist today in similar places, like the seafloor off Santa Barbara and beneath the Gulf of Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/27744/geological-outings-around-the-bay-natural-bridges","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_1080","quest_9922","quest_10490","quest_13","quest_2507","quest_10491","quest_10492","quest_10493"],"featImg":"quest_27750","label":"quest"},"quest_19210":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_19210","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"19210","score":null,"sort":[1302723998000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"producers-notes-science-on-the-spot-banana-slugs-unpeeled","title":"Producer's Notes: Science on the SPOT - Banana Slugs Unpeeled","publishDate":1302723998,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/WS210-BananaSlugsStill300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>QUEST treks into the old growth redwood forest in search of the Pacific Banana Slug, Ariolomax dolichophallus.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The slow, small, but quite vibrant life on the forest floor can often go completely unnoticed as we hustle and bustle past on our hiking trips, picnics or family outings. Often times the little world on the ground is misinterpreted as insignificant. If noticed at all, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/science-on-the-spot-fungus-fair\">mushroom\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/exploration/muir-woods-national-monument-exploration\">snail\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2007/03/16/bay-area-herpetology-salamanders-part-1/\">salamander\u003c/a> might only capture our interest for a short while before the pull of seeing something new draws us away. Patience is not a trait most of us humans possess enough to truly appreciate the goings on in the tiny world of the seemingly unhurried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nA common misconception then is people just aren’t that interested in things that are little, sluggish and quiet. They want \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/elk-return-to-the-bay-area\">big\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/falcon-fascination-tv\">fast\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/hog-wild\">ferocious\u003c/a>! In the wildlife film world we see many movies about lions, cheetahs, grizzly bears, wolves or elephants. Heck, one cable channel devotes an entire week each year just on sharks. \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/the-great-white-shark-meet-the-man-in-the-gray-suit\">This isn’t a bad thing\u003c/a>. The charismatic mega-fauna and the world they inhabit fascinate us. It’s natural. But taking the time to discover the small world beneath our feet can have its benefits as well. And looking down through a different lens can provide some wonderful little surprises- a cluster of convergent \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/112\">ladybugs\u003c/a> beneath a fallen leaf, redwood sorrel opening with the shade, or a spinning spider’s elaborate web catching a breeze in the glistening sun. There is a whole community of life under each rock, little gems left for those who are careful and take the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is for this that we set out on our adventure into the misty redwood canopy in hunt of a slug - The Pacific banana slug to be exact. They are not fast but can be surprisingly elusive. Belonging to the genus \u003cem>Ariolomax\u003c/em>, there are three main species of banana slugs; \u003cem>columbianus\u003c/em>, \u003cem>californicus\u003c/em> and \u003cem>dolichophallus\u003c/em>, – as well as two other known subspecies. Most banana slugs live in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/science-on-the-spot-measuring-redwood-giants\">temperate rainforests\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/science-on-the-spot-science-of-fog\">fog-zones\u003c/a> of the Pacific Coast. Banana slugs’ size, shape and coloring reflect their name as most tend to be \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/dale_hameister/8222188/\">long and yellow\u003c/a>, some having brown or \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/7383661@N08/3923672539/in/photostream/\">black spots\u003c/a>. However, they can also be \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/piezocuttlefish/2355459691/in/photostream/\">light-brown\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/theswirtproject/874054983/\">greenish\u003c/a>, perhaps \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/davidwhlloyd/1813046000/\">black\u003c/a>, or even \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/brewbooks/2559453857/\">white\u003c/a>. They are the second largest slug in the world and can grow up to ten inches long. Banana slugs serve an important role in the forest ecosystem. Feeding on detritus, (fallen leaves, mushrooms and even dead animals) they recycle nutrients and help replenish the soil\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the banana slug is the official mascot of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsc.edu/about/mascot.html\">UC Santa Cruz\u003c/a>, it seemed only fitting that we explore the mountains near campus for our quarry. The particular species in those parts is \u003cem>Ariolomax\u003c/em> \u003cem>dolichophallus\u003c/em>, which, as we learn in our story, stands out among other slugs in a number of different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people think slugs are kinda icky. And who wants to see a slow slimy boring slug anyway? Capturing the true character, movement and, yes, beauty of the slugs is a challenge. Luckily, QUEST has an expert in our ranks. Prior to joining the QUEST team, Associate Producer \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/joshua-cassidy/\">Joshua Cassidy\u003c/a> gained a lot of experience portraying the life and beauty of the creatures and places that are often overlooked. In his award-winning film \u003cem>Life By The Tide\u003c/em>, Josh was able to show the surprisingly vibrant life hidden among the small tide pools of Fitzgerald Marine Reserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Josh took his experiences in the tide pools out into the forest on our hunt for slugs. Filming a sea star slowly crawling down a mussel bed has a lot of similarities to capturing a banana slug moving up a tree trunk. “One advantage to shooting these creatures is they’re not going to fly or run away,” says Josh. “But it will get startled and you can see that with the banana slugs. But in order to get a good shot, you have to get close. So, often I’ll set up in front of the animal and anticipate where it is going to go. It takes patience and you get failed shots but you get pretty good at predicting how they are going to move.” Josh says another key to getting a great shot is a willingness to get down on your belly in the mud. “Something like a banana slug from a human’s eye level, say 5 feet, doesn’t look like it’s moving- doesn’t look like it’s doing very much at all. But if you get down to the slug’s eye level and fill your frame, you see a lot more motion and activity.” “We used a close-up filter, which is basically a magnifying glass, which allows you to get really close and pick up great detail and the unusual anatomy… As if you were another banana slug running into this gentleman.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through the lens of Josh’s camera we see the forest floor come alive. And through his patience we can see the life of a banana slug in a whole new light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>See\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong> Josh’s film\u003ca href=\"http://www.lifeonterra.com/episode.php?id=202#SWF\"> \u003cem>“Life By The Tide”\u003c/em> \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>or watch a shortened version\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong> of \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>it here on QUEST TV, in a new feature called \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/your-videos-on-quest-joshua-cassidy\">“Your Videos On QUEST.”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.040928 -122.065315\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"QUEST treks into the old growth redwood forest in search of the Pacific Banana Slug, Ariolomax dolichophallus.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443829070,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":944},"headData":{"title":"Producer's Notes: Science on the SPOT - Banana Slugs Unpeeled | KQED","description":"QUEST treks into the old growth redwood forest in search of the Pacific Banana Slug, Ariolomax dolichophallus.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Producer's Notes: Science on the SPOT - Banana Slugs Unpeeled","datePublished":"2011-04-13T19:46:38.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-02T23:37:50.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"19210 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=13713","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/13/producers-notes-science-on-the-spot-banana-slugs-unpeeled/","disqusTitle":"Producer's Notes: Science on the SPOT - Banana Slugs Unpeeled","path":"/quest/19210/producers-notes-science-on-the-spot-banana-slugs-unpeeled","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/WS210-BananaSlugsStill300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>QUEST treks into the old growth redwood forest in search of the Pacific Banana Slug, Ariolomax dolichophallus.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The slow, small, but quite vibrant life on the forest floor can often go completely unnoticed as we hustle and bustle past on our hiking trips, picnics or family outings. Often times the little world on the ground is misinterpreted as insignificant. If noticed at all, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/science-on-the-spot-fungus-fair\">mushroom\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/exploration/muir-woods-national-monument-exploration\">snail\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2007/03/16/bay-area-herpetology-salamanders-part-1/\">salamander\u003c/a> might only capture our interest for a short while before the pull of seeing something new draws us away. Patience is not a trait most of us humans possess enough to truly appreciate the goings on in the tiny world of the seemingly unhurried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nA common misconception then is people just aren’t that interested in things that are little, sluggish and quiet. They want \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/elk-return-to-the-bay-area\">big\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/falcon-fascination-tv\">fast\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/hog-wild\">ferocious\u003c/a>! In the wildlife film world we see many movies about lions, cheetahs, grizzly bears, wolves or elephants. Heck, one cable channel devotes an entire week each year just on sharks. \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/the-great-white-shark-meet-the-man-in-the-gray-suit\">This isn’t a bad thing\u003c/a>. The charismatic mega-fauna and the world they inhabit fascinate us. It’s natural. But taking the time to discover the small world beneath our feet can have its benefits as well. And looking down through a different lens can provide some wonderful little surprises- a cluster of convergent \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/112\">ladybugs\u003c/a> beneath a fallen leaf, redwood sorrel opening with the shade, or a spinning spider’s elaborate web catching a breeze in the glistening sun. There is a whole community of life under each rock, little gems left for those who are careful and take the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is for this that we set out on our adventure into the misty redwood canopy in hunt of a slug - The Pacific banana slug to be exact. They are not fast but can be surprisingly elusive. Belonging to the genus \u003cem>Ariolomax\u003c/em>, there are three main species of banana slugs; \u003cem>columbianus\u003c/em>, \u003cem>californicus\u003c/em> and \u003cem>dolichophallus\u003c/em>, – as well as two other known subspecies. Most banana slugs live in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/science-on-the-spot-measuring-redwood-giants\">temperate rainforests\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/science-on-the-spot-science-of-fog\">fog-zones\u003c/a> of the Pacific Coast. Banana slugs’ size, shape and coloring reflect their name as most tend to be \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/dale_hameister/8222188/\">long and yellow\u003c/a>, some having brown or \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/7383661@N08/3923672539/in/photostream/\">black spots\u003c/a>. However, they can also be \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/piezocuttlefish/2355459691/in/photostream/\">light-brown\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/theswirtproject/874054983/\">greenish\u003c/a>, perhaps \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/davidwhlloyd/1813046000/\">black\u003c/a>, or even \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/brewbooks/2559453857/\">white\u003c/a>. They are the second largest slug in the world and can grow up to ten inches long. Banana slugs serve an important role in the forest ecosystem. Feeding on detritus, (fallen leaves, mushrooms and even dead animals) they recycle nutrients and help replenish the soil\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the banana slug is the official mascot of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsc.edu/about/mascot.html\">UC Santa Cruz\u003c/a>, it seemed only fitting that we explore the mountains near campus for our quarry. The particular species in those parts is \u003cem>Ariolomax\u003c/em> \u003cem>dolichophallus\u003c/em>, which, as we learn in our story, stands out among other slugs in a number of different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people think slugs are kinda icky. And who wants to see a slow slimy boring slug anyway? Capturing the true character, movement and, yes, beauty of the slugs is a challenge. Luckily, QUEST has an expert in our ranks. Prior to joining the QUEST team, Associate Producer \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/joshua-cassidy/\">Joshua Cassidy\u003c/a> gained a lot of experience portraying the life and beauty of the creatures and places that are often overlooked. In his award-winning film \u003cem>Life By The Tide\u003c/em>, Josh was able to show the surprisingly vibrant life hidden among the small tide pools of Fitzgerald Marine Reserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Josh took his experiences in the tide pools out into the forest on our hunt for slugs. Filming a sea star slowly crawling down a mussel bed has a lot of similarities to capturing a banana slug moving up a tree trunk. “One advantage to shooting these creatures is they’re not going to fly or run away,” says Josh. “But it will get startled and you can see that with the banana slugs. But in order to get a good shot, you have to get close. So, often I’ll set up in front of the animal and anticipate where it is going to go. It takes patience and you get failed shots but you get pretty good at predicting how they are going to move.” Josh says another key to getting a great shot is a willingness to get down on your belly in the mud. “Something like a banana slug from a human’s eye level, say 5 feet, doesn’t look like it’s moving- doesn’t look like it’s doing very much at all. But if you get down to the slug’s eye level and fill your frame, you see a lot more motion and activity.” “We used a close-up filter, which is basically a magnifying glass, which allows you to get really close and pick up great detail and the unusual anatomy… As if you were another banana slug running into this gentleman.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through the lens of Josh’s camera we see the forest floor come alive. And through his patience we can see the life of a banana slug in a whole new light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>See\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong> Josh’s film\u003ca href=\"http://www.lifeonterra.com/episode.php?id=202#SWF\"> \u003cem>“Life By The Tide”\u003c/em> \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>or watch a shortened version\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong> of \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>it here on QUEST TV, in a new feature called \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/your-videos-on-quest-joshua-cassidy\">“Your Videos On QUEST.”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.040928 -122.065315\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/19210/producers-notes-science-on-the-spot-banana-slugs-unpeeled","authors":["10169"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_3461","quest_3473","quest_1083","quest_3606","quest_3351","quest_3691","quest_2349","quest_2507","quest_3766","quest_3808"],"featImg":"quest_13715","label":"quest"},"quest_13072":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_13072","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"13072","score":null,"sort":[1300378850000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"tsunami-awareness-at-the-beach","title":"Tsunami Awareness at the Beach","publishDate":1300378850,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Tsunami Awareness at the Beach | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/brokendockSCruz2.jpg\" alt=\"tsunami\" title=\"santa cruz tsunami\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"alignleft size-full\">\u003cem>\u003csup>The tsunami of March 11 broke docks and damaged boats in Santa Cruz Harbor. Most earthquake-generated tsunamis in this part of California will cause similar levels of damage. Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/sempivirens/\">Sequoia Hughes\u003c/a> of Flickr under Creative Commons license.\u003c/sup>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week the Bay Area got a tiny taste of Japan’s seismic disaster when tsunami waves stirred our waters, a giant agitating the San Francisco Bay and coast with a flick of its pinky. The waves we saw overwhelming the east coast of Honshu were attenuated to small surges here at the opposite side of the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In central California, we will always have good warning of these big seismic tsunamis because they are not created nearby. Our tectonic setting is not conducive to Japan or Sumatra-style tsunamis. But I said \u003ci>seismic\u003c/i> tsunamis, the ones that earthquakes cause. There are two other kinds that mean you should always practice tsunami awareness when you’re at the beach. And \u003ca href=\"http://nthmp.tsunami.gov/tsunamiweek.html\">National Tsunami Awareness Week\u003c/a>, scheduled by purest coincidence for next week, is a good occasion to train yourself and your family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standard tsunami awareness is pretty simple, simple enough to put on a sign that says, “In case of earthquake, go to high ground or inland.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/thai-tsunami-sign2.jpg\" alt=\"thai tsunami sign\">\u003cbr>\n\u003ci>\u003csub>Photo courtesy Bruce Manchon, all rights reserved\u003c/sub>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That refers to an earthquake that you feel, not one you hear about on the radio. I can be a little more specific. Don’t worry about small earthquakes, namely the short, sharp shocks we feel often around here. Worry about a long-lasting earthquake, one with slow rhythms. If one of those happens while you’re at the beach, look—you want to leave anyway, because a large earthquake like that may mean trouble at home. If the sea starts acting strange, do what the sign says, period. Otherwise, follow your usual earthquake protocol: Get away without dawdling, drive warily with your radio on, remember your family plan, use your phone no more than absolutely necessary. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tsunamis that arrive from distant quakes, or teletsunamis, come with several hours of warning. The nearest earthquake faults that could send a damaging tsunami our way—subduction zones—are off northernmost California, part of the \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/quake_preparedness/a/aa_cascadiaEQ.htm\">Cascadia seismic zone\u003c/a> that stretches up the Oregon and Washington coast into Canada. A tsunami arising from a magnitude-8 or larger event up there would arrive here at least a couple hours later. Tsunamis from major earthquakes in Alaska, far eastern Russia, Japan and the Philippines will give us much longer warning times. There are enough people on a typical beach, with phones and text devices and radios, that you should be able to count on sufficient warning even for a Cascadia event. In addition, local emergency responders will be out in person to warn beachgoers. (If you’re on the beach alone, be more alert.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you hear about an approaching tsunami, I must advise you: don’t be irresponsible and rush to the beach. We’re all intrigued by geological phenomena, and every red-blooded geologist has “witness a tsunami” on his or her geological bucket list. But remember the person taking pictures at Crescent City (\u003ca href=\"http://nisquallyquake.wordpress.com/2011/03/11/the-1964-alaska-earthquake-and-tsunami-that-hit-the-west-coast/\">a town also ravaged by a tsunami from the 1964 Alaska earthquake\u003c/a>) who was washed out to sea. Think about the surfers who wandered around Santa Cruz Harbor, risking themselves and worrying others, as the waters rushed in and out. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, if you choose to ignore my advice, then you should do as I wish I could have done, and proceed in a responsible manner to a safe place high above the water, obeying authorities, not congesting emergency escape routes, prepared for the worst. UC Santa Cruz geologist Christie Rowe did that and \u003ca href=\"http://www.facebook.com/aboutgeology#!/album.php?id=1092875994&aid=2099749\">recorded the tsunami’s arrival\u003c/a>. She adds, “I would advise people not to panic, to check the \u003ca href=\"http://wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov/\">West Coast Tsunami Warning Center website\u003c/a> and select a vantage point well above the predicted wave height.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not every tsunami is a seismic tsunami. Two other kinds of tsunamis, not monitored by dedicated networks, have a chance of happening somewhere in the world during the average lifetime: landslide and impact tsunamis. A \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/tsunamis/a/Landslide-Tsunamis.htm\">landslide tsunami\u003c/a>, caused by large mass movements into or beneath the sea, is quite plausible along our steep coasts and rugged offshore seafloors. Be wary of one even after a relatively small local quake. An impact tsunami, caused by an \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/impacts/a/impacts.htm\">object from space crashing into the ocean\u003c/a>, has no upper size limit and no preferred location. The odds are small but every beach in the world, ours included, faces the risk. So be like a sailor and always keep your weather eye out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn more:\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/geologic_hazards/Tsunami/Inundation_Maps/Pages/Index.aspx\">California tsunami information\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://nthmp.tsunami.gov/tsunamiweek.html\">National Tsunami Awareness Week\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://tsunami.gov/\">tsunami.gov\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov/\">West Coast/Alaska Tsunami Warning Center\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 36.9590 -122.0226\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Central California will have good warning of big seismic tsunamis which aren't created nearby, but always keep your weather eye out.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684974450,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":811},"headData":{"title":"Tsunami Awareness at the Beach | KQED","description":"Central California will have good warning of big seismic tsunamis which aren't created nearby, but always keep your weather eye out.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Tsunami Awareness at the Beach","datePublished":"2011-03-17T16:20:50.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-25T00:27:30.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/13072/tsunami-awareness-at-the-beach","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/brokendockSCruz2.jpg\" alt=\"tsunami\" title=\"santa cruz tsunami\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"alignleft size-full\">\u003cem>\u003csup>The tsunami of March 11 broke docks and damaged boats in Santa Cruz Harbor. Most earthquake-generated tsunamis in this part of California will cause similar levels of damage. Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/sempivirens/\">Sequoia Hughes\u003c/a> of Flickr under Creative Commons license.\u003c/sup>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week the Bay Area got a tiny taste of Japan’s seismic disaster when tsunami waves stirred our waters, a giant agitating the San Francisco Bay and coast with a flick of its pinky. The waves we saw overwhelming the east coast of Honshu were attenuated to small surges here at the opposite side of the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In central California, we will always have good warning of these big seismic tsunamis because they are not created nearby. Our tectonic setting is not conducive to Japan or Sumatra-style tsunamis. But I said \u003ci>seismic\u003c/i> tsunamis, the ones that earthquakes cause. There are two other kinds that mean you should always practice tsunami awareness when you’re at the beach. And \u003ca href=\"http://nthmp.tsunami.gov/tsunamiweek.html\">National Tsunami Awareness Week\u003c/a>, scheduled by purest coincidence for next week, is a good occasion to train yourself and your family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standard tsunami awareness is pretty simple, simple enough to put on a sign that says, “In case of earthquake, go to high ground or inland.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/thai-tsunami-sign2.jpg\" alt=\"thai tsunami sign\">\u003cbr>\n\u003ci>\u003csub>Photo courtesy Bruce Manchon, all rights reserved\u003c/sub>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That refers to an earthquake that you feel, not one you hear about on the radio. I can be a little more specific. Don’t worry about small earthquakes, namely the short, sharp shocks we feel often around here. Worry about a long-lasting earthquake, one with slow rhythms. If one of those happens while you’re at the beach, look—you want to leave anyway, because a large earthquake like that may mean trouble at home. If the sea starts acting strange, do what the sign says, period. Otherwise, follow your usual earthquake protocol: Get away without dawdling, drive warily with your radio on, remember your family plan, use your phone no more than absolutely necessary. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tsunamis that arrive from distant quakes, or teletsunamis, come with several hours of warning. The nearest earthquake faults that could send a damaging tsunami our way—subduction zones—are off northernmost California, part of the \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/quake_preparedness/a/aa_cascadiaEQ.htm\">Cascadia seismic zone\u003c/a> that stretches up the Oregon and Washington coast into Canada. A tsunami arising from a magnitude-8 or larger event up there would arrive here at least a couple hours later. Tsunamis from major earthquakes in Alaska, far eastern Russia, Japan and the Philippines will give us much longer warning times. There are enough people on a typical beach, with phones and text devices and radios, that you should be able to count on sufficient warning even for a Cascadia event. In addition, local emergency responders will be out in person to warn beachgoers. (If you’re on the beach alone, be more alert.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you hear about an approaching tsunami, I must advise you: don’t be irresponsible and rush to the beach. We’re all intrigued by geological phenomena, and every red-blooded geologist has “witness a tsunami” on his or her geological bucket list. But remember the person taking pictures at Crescent City (\u003ca href=\"http://nisquallyquake.wordpress.com/2011/03/11/the-1964-alaska-earthquake-and-tsunami-that-hit-the-west-coast/\">a town also ravaged by a tsunami from the 1964 Alaska earthquake\u003c/a>) who was washed out to sea. Think about the surfers who wandered around Santa Cruz Harbor, risking themselves and worrying others, as the waters rushed in and out. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, if you choose to ignore my advice, then you should do as I wish I could have done, and proceed in a responsible manner to a safe place high above the water, obeying authorities, not congesting emergency escape routes, prepared for the worst. UC Santa Cruz geologist Christie Rowe did that and \u003ca href=\"http://www.facebook.com/aboutgeology#!/album.php?id=1092875994&aid=2099749\">recorded the tsunami’s arrival\u003c/a>. She adds, “I would advise people not to panic, to check the \u003ca href=\"http://wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov/\">West Coast Tsunami Warning Center website\u003c/a> and select a vantage point well above the predicted wave height.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not every tsunami is a seismic tsunami. Two other kinds of tsunamis, not monitored by dedicated networks, have a chance of happening somewhere in the world during the average lifetime: landslide and impact tsunamis. A \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/tsunamis/a/Landslide-Tsunamis.htm\">landslide tsunami\u003c/a>, caused by large mass movements into or beneath the sea, is quite plausible along our steep coasts and rugged offshore seafloors. Be wary of one even after a relatively small local quake. An impact tsunami, caused by an \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/impacts/a/impacts.htm\">object from space crashing into the ocean\u003c/a>, has no upper size limit and no preferred location. The odds are small but every beach in the world, ours included, faces the risk. So be like a sailor and always keep your weather eye out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn more:\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/geologic_hazards/Tsunami/Inundation_Maps/Pages/Index.aspx\">California tsunami information\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://nthmp.tsunami.gov/tsunamiweek.html\">National Tsunami Awareness Week\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://tsunami.gov/\">tsunami.gov\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov/\">West Coast/Alaska Tsunami Warning Center\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 36.9590 -122.0226\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/13072/tsunami-awareness-at-the-beach","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_294","quest_3501","quest_909","quest_13200","quest_2474","quest_2507","quest_2817","quest_3003"],"featImg":"quest_13074","label":"quest"},"quest_17555":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_17555","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"17555","score":null,"sort":[1298506800000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"science-on-the-spot-revisiting-albino-redwoods-biological-mystery","title":"Science on the SPOT: Revisiting Albino Redwoods, Biological Mystery","publishDate":1298506800,"format":"video","headTitle":"Science on the SPOT | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":3296,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>UC Santa Cruz plant biologist Jarmila Pitterman and her students are studying rare albino redwood trees in the Santa Cruz Mountains to better understand the inner workings of these unusual plants. By learning how albino redwoods survive, they may unlock some of the mysteries of how redwood trees live and how they will weather things such as disease, drought or climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"UC Santa Cruz plant biologists study rare albino redwood trees to better understand the inner workings of these unusual plants. By learning how albino plants survive, they may unlock some of the mysteries of how redwood trees live.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1486511583,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":64},"headData":{"title":"Science on the SPOT: Revisiting Albino Redwoods, Biological Mystery | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Science on the SPOT: Revisiting Albino Redwoods, Biological Mystery","datePublished":"2011-02-24T00:20:00.000Z","dateModified":"2017-02-07T23:53:03.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"17555 http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-revisiting-albino-redwoods-biological-mystery/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/23/science-on-the-spot-revisiting-albino-redwoods-biological-mystery/","disqusTitle":"Science on the SPOT: Revisiting Albino Redwoods, Biological Mystery","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bSNacuMVtOc","path":"/quest/17555/science-on-the-spot-revisiting-albino-redwoods-biological-mystery","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>UC Santa Cruz plant biologist Jarmila Pitterman and her students are studying rare albino redwood trees in the Santa Cruz Mountains to better understand the inner workings of these unusual plants. By learning how albino redwoods survive, they may unlock some of the mysteries of how redwood trees live and how they will weather things such as disease, drought or climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/17555/science-on-the-spot-revisiting-albino-redwoods-biological-mystery","authors":["10169"],"series":["quest_3296"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_13","quest_2396","quest_2507"],"collections":["quest_3353"],"featImg":"quest_240483","label":"quest_3296"},"quest_15074":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_15074","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"15074","score":null,"sort":[1236130132000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"natural-bridges-sb-tidepools-exploration","title":"Exploring the Natural Bridges State Beach Tidepools","publishDate":1236130132,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/natural-bridges-state-beach-tidepools-exploration/map?%20embed=true\" marginheight=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003c/span>The intertidal rocks at Natural Bridges State Beach are covered in life: sea stars, seaweeds, urchins, and crabs are just some of the area's intertidal inhabitants. Visit them in their tidepool homes down in Santa Cruz, California.\n\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Planning Your Visit\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>2531 West Cliff Drive\u003cbr>\nSanta Cruz, CA 95060\u003cbr>\n(831) 423-4609\u003cbr>\nOpen 8:00 to sunset\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wi-Fi access available with wireless enabled laptop computers or personal digital assistants (PDAs) to access the Internet. Park visitors will be able to gain Wi-Fi access when they use a wireless device within about 150 to 200 feet of the Visitor Center in the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Special Thanks\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Special thanks to \u003ca href=\"http://www.eeb.ucsc.edu/faculty/emeriti.html\">John Pearse\u003c/a>, Professor Emeritus at University of California Santa Cruz Institute of Marine Sciences and the \u003ca href=\"http://limpetsmonitoring.org/\">LIMPETS monitoring program\u003c/a>, as well as the Exploratorium's \u003ca href=\"http://icestories.exploratorium.edu/dispatches/author/mary-miller/\">Mary Miller\u003c/a> for their participation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Craig Rosa, Jennifer Skene and Lauren Sommer of KQED contributed to this Exploration.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003ch2>Intertidal Diversity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the rocky intertidal zone along the coast of California, you are a giant. As you walk out on the rocks during low tide, your huge feet dwarf the intertidal's tiny inhabitants. With one sweep of your eyes, you can look at an entire ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the rock slopes from the land to the sea, there is a steep gradient in environmental conditions. High on the shore, organisms spend most of the day exposed to air. Closer to the ocean, organisms spend most of their time submerged in water. These differences in the environment set up the intertidal zones. Different species inhabit these different zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/3115917001/\" title=\"Quadrat Survey by kqedquest, on Flickr\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3093/3115917001_93a5038ccf_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"159\" alt=\"Quadrat Survey\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Scientists have been studying intertidal zonation for years. Ecologists continue to study how organisms interact with the intertidal environment, and each other. These high school students are studying intertidal ecology, using a quadrat and a transect tape.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Evolution from the Oceans\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>All of the major branches on the tree of life originated in the ocean. And descendants from most of those branches can be found in the intertidal zone of today: seaweed, sponges, sea stars, mussels, crabs – each represents a different evolutionary lineage.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Seaweed comes in three colors\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are three groups of algae: browns, reds, and greens. Each group is a separate branch on the tree of life. Each group has a different combination of pigments; these pigments reflect light at different wavelengths, giving each group its characteristic color. Different pigments also absorb light at different wavelengths; the ability to catch and use light is important for photosynthesis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brown algae group includes the giant kelps that live just offshore, as well as tiny diatoms. The red algae group includes a seaweed familiar to sushi lovers, called Nori. This seaweed is common on the California coast. The green algae group contains Ulva, a bright green, sheet-like seaweed that grows on rocks and on docks in marinas. Away from the ocean, mosses, ferns, conifers and flowering plants evolved from the humble green algae.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>As the climate changes, so does the intertidal\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/3116762000/\" title=\"Volcano Barnacle by kqedquest, on Flickr\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3091/3116762000_51ddbeb5eb_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"159\" alt=\"Volcano Barnacle\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Intertidal inhabitants are being affected by climate change; there is evidence that the geographic ranges of many species of invertebrates have shifted further north, just since the 1930s. And one species, the Volcano Barnacle (\u003cem>Tetraclita rubsecens\u003c/em>) has shifted just within the last 20-30 years. Prior to 1980, it was never found north of San Francisco. Today, this barnacle clings to the rocks as far north as Oregon. Some species can move north in response to climate change; other species can't. These organisms live on the edge of the land and the sea, and have to deal with climate change in both those realms.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Latest Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/1075081@N22\">Natural Bridges State Beach photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://limpetsmonitoring.org/\">LiMPETS: Long-term Monitoring Program & Experiential Training for Students\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/tide_predictions.html?gid=1393\">Make a Tide Prediction, California\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=541\">Natural Bridges State Beach official website\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The intertidal rocks at Natural Bridges State Beach are covered in life: sea stars, seaweeds, urchins, and crabs are just some of the area's intertidal inhabitants. Visit them in their tidepool homes down in Santa Cruz, California.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450469048,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://www.everytrail.com/guide/natural-bridges-state-beach-tidepools-exploration/map"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":644},"headData":{"title":"Exploring the Natural Bridges State Beach Tidepools | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Exploring the Natural Bridges State Beach Tidepools","datePublished":"2009-03-04T01:28:52.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-18T20:04:08.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"15074 http://science.kqed.org/quest/science-hike/natural-bridges-sb-tidepools-exploration/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/03/03/natural-bridges-sb-tidepools-exploration/","disqusTitle":"Exploring the Natural Bridges State Beach Tidepools","source":"Science Hike","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/tag/science-hike/","path":"/quest/15074/natural-bridges-sb-tidepools-exploration","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/natural-bridges-state-beach-tidepools-exploration/map?%20embed=true\" marginheight=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003c/span>The intertidal rocks at Natural Bridges State Beach are covered in life: sea stars, seaweeds, urchins, and crabs are just some of the area's intertidal inhabitants. Visit them in their tidepool homes down in Santa Cruz, California.\n\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Planning Your Visit\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>2531 West Cliff Drive\u003cbr>\nSanta Cruz, CA 95060\u003cbr>\n(831) 423-4609\u003cbr>\nOpen 8:00 to sunset\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wi-Fi access available with wireless enabled laptop computers or personal digital assistants (PDAs) to access the Internet. Park visitors will be able to gain Wi-Fi access when they use a wireless device within about 150 to 200 feet of the Visitor Center in the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Special Thanks\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Special thanks to \u003ca href=\"http://www.eeb.ucsc.edu/faculty/emeriti.html\">John Pearse\u003c/a>, Professor Emeritus at University of California Santa Cruz Institute of Marine Sciences and the \u003ca href=\"http://limpetsmonitoring.org/\">LIMPETS monitoring program\u003c/a>, as well as the Exploratorium's \u003ca href=\"http://icestories.exploratorium.edu/dispatches/author/mary-miller/\">Mary Miller\u003c/a> for their participation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Craig Rosa, Jennifer Skene and Lauren Sommer of KQED contributed to this Exploration.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003ch2>Intertidal Diversity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the rocky intertidal zone along the coast of California, you are a giant. As you walk out on the rocks during low tide, your huge feet dwarf the intertidal's tiny inhabitants. With one sweep of your eyes, you can look at an entire ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the rock slopes from the land to the sea, there is a steep gradient in environmental conditions. High on the shore, organisms spend most of the day exposed to air. Closer to the ocean, organisms spend most of their time submerged in water. These differences in the environment set up the intertidal zones. Different species inhabit these different zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/3115917001/\" title=\"Quadrat Survey by kqedquest, on Flickr\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3093/3115917001_93a5038ccf_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"159\" alt=\"Quadrat Survey\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Scientists have been studying intertidal zonation for years. Ecologists continue to study how organisms interact with the intertidal environment, and each other. These high school students are studying intertidal ecology, using a quadrat and a transect tape.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Evolution from the Oceans\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>All of the major branches on the tree of life originated in the ocean. And descendants from most of those branches can be found in the intertidal zone of today: seaweed, sponges, sea stars, mussels, crabs – each represents a different evolutionary lineage.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Seaweed comes in three colors\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are three groups of algae: browns, reds, and greens. Each group is a separate branch on the tree of life. Each group has a different combination of pigments; these pigments reflect light at different wavelengths, giving each group its characteristic color. Different pigments also absorb light at different wavelengths; the ability to catch and use light is important for photosynthesis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brown algae group includes the giant kelps that live just offshore, as well as tiny diatoms. The red algae group includes a seaweed familiar to sushi lovers, called Nori. This seaweed is common on the California coast. The green algae group contains Ulva, a bright green, sheet-like seaweed that grows on rocks and on docks in marinas. Away from the ocean, mosses, ferns, conifers and flowering plants evolved from the humble green algae.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>As the climate changes, so does the intertidal\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/3116762000/\" title=\"Volcano Barnacle by kqedquest, on Flickr\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3091/3116762000_51ddbeb5eb_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"159\" alt=\"Volcano Barnacle\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Intertidal inhabitants are being affected by climate change; there is evidence that the geographic ranges of many species of invertebrates have shifted further north, just since the 1930s. And one species, the Volcano Barnacle (\u003cem>Tetraclita rubsecens\u003c/em>) has shifted just within the last 20-30 years. Prior to 1980, it was never found north of San Francisco. Today, this barnacle clings to the rocks as far north as Oregon. Some species can move north in response to climate change; other species can't. These organisms live on the edge of the land and the sea, and have to deal with climate change in both those realms.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Latest Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/1075081@N22\">Natural Bridges State Beach photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://limpetsmonitoring.org/\">LiMPETS: Long-term Monitoring Program & Experiential Training for Students\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/tide_predictions.html?gid=1393\">Make a Tide Prediction, California\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=541\">Natural Bridges State Beach official website\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/15074/natural-bridges-sb-tidepools-exploration","authors":["6166","10200"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_294","quest_1370","quest_3399","quest_3351","quest_2093","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_13","quest_2486","quest_2507","quest_2530","quest_13434","quest_3397","quest_3396","quest_3393","quest_3395"],"featImg":"quest_15084","label":"source_quest_15074"},"quest_614":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_614","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"614","score":null,"sort":[1211590791000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"discuss-the-californias-fire-future-radio-report","title":"Discuss the "California's Fire Future" Radio Report","publishDate":1211590791,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/view/953\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/05/radio2-33_sc_fire300.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Scientists predict we’ll be seeing hotter conditions and drier forests in the near future. The Summit Fire that's been burning in the Santa Cruz Mountains is likely a part of that trend. QUEST talks to Malcolm North with the U.S. Forest Service. He says any area that's burned before is vulnerable to burning again, including the Coast Range and Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/view/953\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>You may \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/view/953\">listen to the \"California's Fire Future\" Radio report\u003c/a> online, as well as find additional links and resources.\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.06076 -121.802802\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371080000,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":5,"wordCount":92},"headData":{"title":"Discuss the "California's Fire Future" Radio Report | KQED","description":"Scientists predict we’ll be seeing hotter conditions and drier forests in the near future. The Summit Fire that's been burning in the Santa Cruz Mountains is likely a part of that trend. QUEST talks to Malcolm North with the U.S. Forest Service. He says any area that's burned before is vulnerable to burning again, including","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Discuss the "California's Fire Future" Radio Report","datePublished":"2008-05-24T00:59:51.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T23:33:20.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"614 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2008/05/23/discuss-the-californias-fire-future-radio-report/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/05/23/discuss-the-californias-fire-future-radio-report/","disqusTitle":"Discuss the "California's Fire Future" Radio Report","path":"/quest/614/discuss-the-californias-fire-future-radio-report","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/view/953\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/05/radio2-33_sc_fire300.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Scientists predict we’ll be seeing hotter conditions and drier forests in the near future. The Summit Fire that's been burning in the Santa Cruz Mountains is likely a part of that trend. QUEST talks to Malcolm North with the U.S. Forest Service. He says any area that's burned before is vulnerable to burning again, including the Coast Range and Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/view/953\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>You may \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/view/953\">listen to the \"California's Fire Future\" Radio report\u003c/a> online, as well as find additional links and resources.\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.06076 -121.802802\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/614/discuss-the-californias-fire-future-radio-report","authors":["210"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_639","quest_1095","quest_1130","quest_3351","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_13206","quest_2507","quest_2826","quest_2993","quest_19"],"label":"quest"},"quest_15193":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_15193","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"15193","score":null,"sort":[1179960769000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"natural-bridges-state-beach-exploration","title":"Exploring Natural Bridges State Beach","publishDate":1179960769,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/natural-bridges-state-beach-tidepools-exploration/map?embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2531 West Cliff Drive [\u003ca href=\"https://goo.gl/maps/ohqoE9VUKLx\" target=\"_blank\">Directions\u003c/a>]\u003cbr>\nSanta Cruz, CA 95060\u003cbr>\n(831) 423-4609\u003cbr>\nOpen 8:00 to Sunset\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wi-Fi access available with wireless enabled laptop computers or personal digital assistants (PDAs) to access the Internet. Park visitors will be able to gain Wi-Fi access when they use a wireless device within about 150 to 200 feet of the Visitor Center in the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Please, do not touch or throw objects at the fragile butterflies. \u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For everyone's enjoyment, no smoking, dogs, bicycles, skates, or skateboards on the boardwalk.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Quiet please. Monarchs and other visitors are relaxing.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>There are monarch tours on weekends from mid-October through February. Celebrate the monarchs' return with the Welcome Back Monarchs Day in October and their departure at the Migration Festival in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this oasis between the ocean and the edge of Santa Cruz lies one of the largest monarch butterfly overwintering sites in the western United States. The park also includes large coastal scrub meadows that in spring are filled with native wildflowers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/484097273/\" title=\"Photo Sharing\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm1.static.flickr.com/224/484097273_19573b27b3_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"135\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span> In 1983, California State Parks made the monarch grove a natural preserve and sanctuary for these fragile world travelers. Monarchs journey as far as 2,000 miles on their paper-thin wings, seeking protected places like this one where they can find food, warmth and shelter. This grove provides the ideal conditions for the butterflies—and for you to see them. Look through the spotting scope to catch a glimpse of the breathtaking sight of hundreds of monarchs clustered together in the canopy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park also includes large coastal scrub meadows that in spring are filled with native wildflowers. Moore Creek flows through the meadows and forms wetlands in the sand. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Monarch Life Cycle\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103968\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monarch_Butterfly_Laying_Eggs.JPG\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-103968\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/Monarch_Butterfly_Laying_Eggs-400x400.jpg\" alt=\"via Wikimedia Commons\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-103968\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/Monarch_Butterfly_Laying_Eggs-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/Monarch_Butterfly_Laying_Eggs-800x801.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/Monarch_Butterfly_Laying_Eggs-768x769.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/Monarch_Butterfly_Laying_Eggs-960x961.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/Monarch_Butterfly_Laying_Eggs-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/Monarch_Butterfly_Laying_Eggs-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/Monarch_Butterfly_Laying_Eggs-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/Monarch_Butterfly_Laying_Eggs-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/Monarch_Butterfly_Laying_Eggs-75x75.jpg 75w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/Monarch_Butterfly_Laying_Eggs.jpg 1023w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monarch_Butterfly_Laying_Eggs.JPG\" target=\"_blank\">Monarch Butterfly Laying Eggs \u003c/a> \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A female monarch lays hundreds of eggs in her lifetime. She deposits the yellow pinhead-sized eggs on milkweed leaves, the only plant on which the larvae can survive. In three to six days, the eggs hatch into larvae, or caterpillars, less than 1/16th of an inch long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each caterpillar spends the next 15 to 20 days eating the milkweed leaves and flowers and increasing its weight by a factor of 2,700! It molts, or sheds, its yellow, black and white-striped skin four times before it reaches its final length of about two inches. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, the larvae seek a safe, sturdy place to attach and dangle upside down curled into a \"J\" shape. After 15 to 20 hours of metamorphosis, the larvae shed their skin to reveal the bright green chrysalis underneath. The caterpillar's tissues break down inside the chrysalis and the body of the mature butterfly forms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103972\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/minuk/15596349/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-103972\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/15596349_161f944001_o-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Monarch Chrysalis\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-103972\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/15596349_161f944001_o-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/15596349_161f944001_o-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/15596349_161f944001_o-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/15596349_161f944001_o-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/15596349_161f944001_o-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/15596349_161f944001_o-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/minuk/15596349/\" target=\"_blank\">Monarch Chrysalis\u003c/a> \u003ccite>(Flickr / minuk)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After 10 to 15 days, the monarch butterfly emerges and clings to the outside of the chrysalis. Its soft, crumpled wings expand as it pumps fluid them. Over the next few hours, the wings dry and harden until the adult monarch is ready to take flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Milkweed and Eucalyptus\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Milkweed isn't native to the California Central Coast, but it's the only food that monarch larvae eat and the plant they live on for about half the year. You can see a demonstration patch of milkweed near the visitor center and get an up close look at monarch eggs, chrysalids and caterpillars. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are many species of milkweed, and monarch larvae will eat any of them, but common milkweed \u003cem>(Asclepias syriaca)\u003c/em> is the one most people think of when they hear the name. Look for its purple or pink flowers along the edges of lakes, ponds and waterways, and in the forests and prairies of the Midwest. Native Americans ground the seeds into a salve for sores. The seeds have been steeped in boiling water to make a serum for drawing out rattlesnake poison. Be careful if you handle milkweed. The sap can irritate your eyes if you rub them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Milkweed contains poisons that the monarchs absorb into their bodies. Predators who try to eat monarchs usually spit them out or get sick from the poison. They learn to avoid monarchs after that! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/484062298/\" title=\"Photo Sharing\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm1.static.flickr.com/187/484062298_a8c1907c74_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"135\" alt=\"1c. Monarchs and Eucalyptus Trees\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blue gum eucalyptus is so common in California that many people think it is native to the state. This tree, with its distinctive smooth trunk and peeling bark, was introduced from Australia in the 1850s as a lumber crop. The venture proved unsuccessful because the trees produce poor quality lumber. They make excellent overwintering sites for monarchs, however, as do Monterey pines and cypresses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eucalyptus can be found in a variety of ecosystems and can successfully out-compete native species for water. Its volatile oils make it good for firewood but also a forest fire danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Monarch Migration\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103975\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/stevewall/244596945/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-103975\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/244596945_9b8b08f48d_o-800x559.jpg\" alt=\"Monarch Migration\" width=\"800\" height=\"559\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-103975\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/244596945_9b8b08f48d_o-800x559.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/244596945_9b8b08f48d_o-400x280.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/244596945_9b8b08f48d_o-768x537.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/244596945_9b8b08f48d_o-1180x825.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/244596945_9b8b08f48d_o-960x671.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/244596945_9b8b08f48d_o.jpg 1416w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/stevewall/244596945/\" target=\"_blank\">Monarch Migration\u003c/a> \u003ccite>(Steve Wall / Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/h2>\u003cp>Lots of animals migrate. Some travel a few or a few hundred miles to find food or safe breeding areas. Monarch butterflies travel thousands of miles to find warmer temperatures because they can't survive long periods of cold weather. They migrate to find the conditions they need to survive-- trees on which to cluster, food, water and a mild climate. Protective branches overhead shield the monarchs from rain, snow or hail and underbrush provides cover if they fall to the ground. The monarchs find what they need in this park, so they return year after year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most migrating animals make the outward and return journey year after year. The butterflies that are here this year are not the same individuals that were here last year. This year's overwintering generation is made up of the great-great-grandchildren of the butterflies that were here last year!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monarchs east of the Rocky Mountains migrate to the transvolcanic mountains of central Mexico. Most of the monarchs west of the Rocky Mountains fly southwest to the California coast. As the daylight hours shorten in October the butterflies gather here, some from as far away as Montana and Canada. On the way to their winter homes they eat flower nectar in order to build up fat reserves for the coming cold months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their overwintering sites, like Natural Bridges, the butterflies cluster together to keep warm. When they hook their legs together into a tight mass, their combined weight helps keep them from being blown away by the wind. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the warmer, longer days of spring, the monarchs begin their return journey to the milkweed patches where they lay their eggs. They have to time their migration carefully: if they return too early and the milkweed isn't up yet, they will have no place to lay their eggs and the cycle will end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists speculate about exactly how the butterflies find the same overwintering grounds year after year. Does it have to do with Earth's magnetic field? the position of the Sun? geographic features? The answer could be any one or a combination of these-- or something as yet undiscovered.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Monarch Dangers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Monarch butterflies face many dangers, from weather and lack of food, to accidents and being eaten. While the butterflies absorb poisons from the milkweed they eat, but they have other ways to warn off potential predators. Their bright black and orange coloring alerts would-be predators that they contain poisonous chemicals. Some birds, like black-headed grosbeaks, can tolerate eating some of the poison. Other birds, like black-backed orioles, eat just the soft insides of the insects, not the cuticle, which contains the poison. Monarchs can also fall victim to fungi, bacteria, viruses, and parasites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1998, the monarch population declined markedly in Santa Cruz County and has been declining ever since. A big reason is habitat loss. As the trees and groves age and thin out, there are fewer branches and leaves for the butterflies to cluster on and shelter among during blustery winter storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The culprit in the late 1990s was the El Nino storms that felled many trees. Eucalyptus trees can outgrow their root systems, making them vulnerable to high winds. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Monarch Conservation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Human activity poses the greatest threat to monarch butterflies. Monarchs aren't the only creatures that like beautiful coastal property. Habitat destruction caused by the building of new roads and housing developments or the expansion of farms makes it impossible for monarchs to live in a particular landscape. In Mexico, the high concentration of millions of monarchs in relatively small regions makes them particularly vulnerable, especially since some of the sites contain valuable lumber sources. Logging these areas opens up the forest canopy, providing less protection to the butterflies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Milkweed is considered a weed by many people and so is often destroyed. Ozone and herbicides are destroying milkweed and the nectar-producing plants that the butterflies need for food. Pesticides kill the insects outright, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Get Involved\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One way to help out is to volunteer as a docent at the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two training programs for Natural Bridges each year: September and March on Wednesday evenings and Saturdays during the day. Docents lead monarch and tidepool tours for school groups during the week and the general public on weekends, host the Visitor Center, assist in the bookstore, help with special events, tend the milkweed garden, restore native plants, maintain the aquarium, share with others about the resources and more. Find our more by calling Natural Bridges State Beach at 831-434-4609.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can help by planting butterfly-friendly plants in your garden and not using pesticides or insecticides. Plant a variety of flowering shrubs that bloom at different times of the year, such as buddleia, sumac, alyssum, primrose, wild bergamot to provide nectar for the butterflies.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Latest Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/groups/373254@N21\">Natural Bridges State Beach photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=541\">Natural Bridges State Beach official website\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Between the ocean and the edge of Santa Cruz lies one of the largest monarch butterfly overwintering sites in the western United States. The park also hosts large coastal scrub meadows that in spring are filled with native wildflowers.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450469061,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://www.everytrail.com/guide/natural-bridges-state-beach-tidepools-exploration/map"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1626},"headData":{"title":"Exploring Natural Bridges State Beach | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Exploring Natural Bridges State Beach","datePublished":"2007-05-23T22:52:49.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-18T20:04:21.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"15193 http://science.kqed.org/quest/science-hike/natural-bridges-state-beach-exploration/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2007/05/23/natural-bridges-state-beach-exploration/","disqusTitle":"Exploring Natural Bridges State Beach","source":"Science Hike","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/tag/science-hike/","WpOldSlug":"duplicate-of-exploring-mt-diablo-state-park","path":"/quest/15193/natural-bridges-state-beach-exploration","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/natural-bridges-state-beach-tidepools-exploration/map?embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2531 West Cliff Drive [\u003ca href=\"https://goo.gl/maps/ohqoE9VUKLx\" target=\"_blank\">Directions\u003c/a>]\u003cbr>\nSanta Cruz, CA 95060\u003cbr>\n(831) 423-4609\u003cbr>\nOpen 8:00 to Sunset\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wi-Fi access available with wireless enabled laptop computers or personal digital assistants (PDAs) to access the Internet. Park visitors will be able to gain Wi-Fi access when they use a wireless device within about 150 to 200 feet of the Visitor Center in the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Please, do not touch or throw objects at the fragile butterflies. \u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For everyone's enjoyment, no smoking, dogs, bicycles, skates, or skateboards on the boardwalk.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Quiet please. Monarchs and other visitors are relaxing.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>There are monarch tours on weekends from mid-October through February. Celebrate the monarchs' return with the Welcome Back Monarchs Day in October and their departure at the Migration Festival in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this oasis between the ocean and the edge of Santa Cruz lies one of the largest monarch butterfly overwintering sites in the western United States. The park also includes large coastal scrub meadows that in spring are filled with native wildflowers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/484097273/\" title=\"Photo Sharing\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm1.static.flickr.com/224/484097273_19573b27b3_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"135\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span> In 1983, California State Parks made the monarch grove a natural preserve and sanctuary for these fragile world travelers. Monarchs journey as far as 2,000 miles on their paper-thin wings, seeking protected places like this one where they can find food, warmth and shelter. This grove provides the ideal conditions for the butterflies—and for you to see them. Look through the spotting scope to catch a glimpse of the breathtaking sight of hundreds of monarchs clustered together in the canopy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park also includes large coastal scrub meadows that in spring are filled with native wildflowers. Moore Creek flows through the meadows and forms wetlands in the sand. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Monarch Life Cycle\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103968\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monarch_Butterfly_Laying_Eggs.JPG\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-103968\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/Monarch_Butterfly_Laying_Eggs-400x400.jpg\" alt=\"via Wikimedia Commons\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-103968\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/Monarch_Butterfly_Laying_Eggs-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/Monarch_Butterfly_Laying_Eggs-800x801.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/Monarch_Butterfly_Laying_Eggs-768x769.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/Monarch_Butterfly_Laying_Eggs-960x961.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/Monarch_Butterfly_Laying_Eggs-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/Monarch_Butterfly_Laying_Eggs-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/Monarch_Butterfly_Laying_Eggs-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/Monarch_Butterfly_Laying_Eggs-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/Monarch_Butterfly_Laying_Eggs-75x75.jpg 75w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/Monarch_Butterfly_Laying_Eggs.jpg 1023w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monarch_Butterfly_Laying_Eggs.JPG\" target=\"_blank\">Monarch Butterfly Laying Eggs \u003c/a> \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A female monarch lays hundreds of eggs in her lifetime. She deposits the yellow pinhead-sized eggs on milkweed leaves, the only plant on which the larvae can survive. In three to six days, the eggs hatch into larvae, or caterpillars, less than 1/16th of an inch long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each caterpillar spends the next 15 to 20 days eating the milkweed leaves and flowers and increasing its weight by a factor of 2,700! It molts, or sheds, its yellow, black and white-striped skin four times before it reaches its final length of about two inches. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, the larvae seek a safe, sturdy place to attach and dangle upside down curled into a \"J\" shape. After 15 to 20 hours of metamorphosis, the larvae shed their skin to reveal the bright green chrysalis underneath. The caterpillar's tissues break down inside the chrysalis and the body of the mature butterfly forms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103972\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/minuk/15596349/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-103972\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/15596349_161f944001_o-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Monarch Chrysalis\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-103972\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/15596349_161f944001_o-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/15596349_161f944001_o-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/15596349_161f944001_o-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/15596349_161f944001_o-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/15596349_161f944001_o-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/15596349_161f944001_o-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/minuk/15596349/\" target=\"_blank\">Monarch Chrysalis\u003c/a> \u003ccite>(Flickr / minuk)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After 10 to 15 days, the monarch butterfly emerges and clings to the outside of the chrysalis. Its soft, crumpled wings expand as it pumps fluid them. Over the next few hours, the wings dry and harden until the adult monarch is ready to take flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Milkweed and Eucalyptus\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Milkweed isn't native to the California Central Coast, but it's the only food that monarch larvae eat and the plant they live on for about half the year. You can see a demonstration patch of milkweed near the visitor center and get an up close look at monarch eggs, chrysalids and caterpillars. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are many species of milkweed, and monarch larvae will eat any of them, but common milkweed \u003cem>(Asclepias syriaca)\u003c/em> is the one most people think of when they hear the name. Look for its purple or pink flowers along the edges of lakes, ponds and waterways, and in the forests and prairies of the Midwest. Native Americans ground the seeds into a salve for sores. The seeds have been steeped in boiling water to make a serum for drawing out rattlesnake poison. Be careful if you handle milkweed. The sap can irritate your eyes if you rub them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Milkweed contains poisons that the monarchs absorb into their bodies. Predators who try to eat monarchs usually spit them out or get sick from the poison. They learn to avoid monarchs after that! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/484062298/\" title=\"Photo Sharing\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm1.static.flickr.com/187/484062298_a8c1907c74_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"135\" alt=\"1c. Monarchs and Eucalyptus Trees\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blue gum eucalyptus is so common in California that many people think it is native to the state. This tree, with its distinctive smooth trunk and peeling bark, was introduced from Australia in the 1850s as a lumber crop. The venture proved unsuccessful because the trees produce poor quality lumber. They make excellent overwintering sites for monarchs, however, as do Monterey pines and cypresses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eucalyptus can be found in a variety of ecosystems and can successfully out-compete native species for water. Its volatile oils make it good for firewood but also a forest fire danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Monarch Migration\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103975\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/stevewall/244596945/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-103975\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/244596945_9b8b08f48d_o-800x559.jpg\" alt=\"Monarch Migration\" width=\"800\" height=\"559\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-103975\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/244596945_9b8b08f48d_o-800x559.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/244596945_9b8b08f48d_o-400x280.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/244596945_9b8b08f48d_o-768x537.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/244596945_9b8b08f48d_o-1180x825.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/244596945_9b8b08f48d_o-960x671.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/05/244596945_9b8b08f48d_o.jpg 1416w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/stevewall/244596945/\" target=\"_blank\">Monarch Migration\u003c/a> \u003ccite>(Steve Wall / Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/h2>\u003cp>Lots of animals migrate. Some travel a few or a few hundred miles to find food or safe breeding areas. Monarch butterflies travel thousands of miles to find warmer temperatures because they can't survive long periods of cold weather. They migrate to find the conditions they need to survive-- trees on which to cluster, food, water and a mild climate. Protective branches overhead shield the monarchs from rain, snow or hail and underbrush provides cover if they fall to the ground. The monarchs find what they need in this park, so they return year after year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most migrating animals make the outward and return journey year after year. The butterflies that are here this year are not the same individuals that were here last year. This year's overwintering generation is made up of the great-great-grandchildren of the butterflies that were here last year!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monarchs east of the Rocky Mountains migrate to the transvolcanic mountains of central Mexico. Most of the monarchs west of the Rocky Mountains fly southwest to the California coast. As the daylight hours shorten in October the butterflies gather here, some from as far away as Montana and Canada. On the way to their winter homes they eat flower nectar in order to build up fat reserves for the coming cold months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their overwintering sites, like Natural Bridges, the butterflies cluster together to keep warm. When they hook their legs together into a tight mass, their combined weight helps keep them from being blown away by the wind. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the warmer, longer days of spring, the monarchs begin their return journey to the milkweed patches where they lay their eggs. They have to time their migration carefully: if they return too early and the milkweed isn't up yet, they will have no place to lay their eggs and the cycle will end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists speculate about exactly how the butterflies find the same overwintering grounds year after year. Does it have to do with Earth's magnetic field? the position of the Sun? geographic features? The answer could be any one or a combination of these-- or something as yet undiscovered.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Monarch Dangers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Monarch butterflies face many dangers, from weather and lack of food, to accidents and being eaten. While the butterflies absorb poisons from the milkweed they eat, but they have other ways to warn off potential predators. Their bright black and orange coloring alerts would-be predators that they contain poisonous chemicals. Some birds, like black-headed grosbeaks, can tolerate eating some of the poison. Other birds, like black-backed orioles, eat just the soft insides of the insects, not the cuticle, which contains the poison. Monarchs can also fall victim to fungi, bacteria, viruses, and parasites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1998, the monarch population declined markedly in Santa Cruz County and has been declining ever since. A big reason is habitat loss. As the trees and groves age and thin out, there are fewer branches and leaves for the butterflies to cluster on and shelter among during blustery winter storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The culprit in the late 1990s was the El Nino storms that felled many trees. Eucalyptus trees can outgrow their root systems, making them vulnerable to high winds. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Monarch Conservation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Human activity poses the greatest threat to monarch butterflies. Monarchs aren't the only creatures that like beautiful coastal property. Habitat destruction caused by the building of new roads and housing developments or the expansion of farms makes it impossible for monarchs to live in a particular landscape. In Mexico, the high concentration of millions of monarchs in relatively small regions makes them particularly vulnerable, especially since some of the sites contain valuable lumber sources. Logging these areas opens up the forest canopy, providing less protection to the butterflies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Milkweed is considered a weed by many people and so is often destroyed. Ozone and herbicides are destroying milkweed and the nectar-producing plants that the butterflies need for food. Pesticides kill the insects outright, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Get Involved\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One way to help out is to volunteer as a docent at the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two training programs for Natural Bridges each year: September and March on Wednesday evenings and Saturdays during the day. Docents lead monarch and tidepool tours for school groups during the week and the general public on weekends, host the Visitor Center, assist in the bookstore, help with special events, tend the milkweed garden, restore native plants, maintain the aquarium, share with others about the resources and more. Find our more by calling Natural Bridges State Beach at 831-434-4609.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can help by planting butterfly-friendly plants in your garden and not using pesticides or insecticides. Plant a variety of flowering shrubs that bloom at different times of the year, such as buddleia, sumac, alyssum, primrose, wild bergamot to provide nectar for the butterflies.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Latest Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/groups/373254@N21\">Natural Bridges State Beach photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=541\">Natural Bridges State Beach official website\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/15193/natural-bridges-state-beach-exploration","authors":["6166"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_294","quest_1370","quest_3351","quest_3411","quest_2093","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_13","quest_2486","quest_2493","quest_2507","quest_2530","quest_13434"],"featImg":"quest_15200","label":"source_quest_15193"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. 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