Producer's Notes: The Hayward Fault -- Predictable Peril
Reporter's Notes: Drugs In Our Drinking Water
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Chances are you can trust that the glass of water in front of you is safe to drink. Sadly, that’s not the case for about a quarter of the world’s population. Nearly two \u003cstrong>billion \u003c/strong>people around the world get sick every year from untreated water. Of those affected, nearly \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs330/en/\">two million die, including 750,000 children\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simply put, \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index.html\">contaminated water leads to more deaths than HIV/AIDS\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The silent assassins are bacteria like E. coli, which find their way from fecal waste into the local water supply. You can’t see it, smell it, or taste it, but it can kill you. Water may be a source of life, but it is also a vessel of disease and death. Ideally, everyone would have access to safe, treated water. But building that kind of infrastructure -- especially in remote areas -- takes time and money, something many governments and nongovernment organizations (NGOs) lack. In the meantime, the best strategy for reducing the risk of contracting water-borne illnesses is to determine where the bacterial bad guys are lurking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58406\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 208px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/0000000776-IMG_3989.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-58406 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/0000000776-IMG_3989-208x253.jpg\" alt=\"More people die every year from contaminated water than HIV/AIDS. Photo courtesy, Dr. Mark Sobsey.\" width=\"208\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fecal bacteria, like E. coli, infect nearly 2 billion people per year. Photo courtesy Dr. Mark Sobsey.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The problem is that most detection methods are prohibitively expensive and technical, and getting the results takes a long time. Many tests require taking specialized gear -- test tubes, pipettes, and sterilizing equipment -- to the water source. Another option is to ship water samples from the field to commercial labs around the world. Both methods require trained technicians and can push the price up to $100 per test. Such high costs have severely limited the number of water-quality tests being conducted in at-risk regions -- until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“As far as measuring what water is safe to drink, [the UN] probably got it wrong,” says Dr. Mark Sobsey.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Enter Dr. Mark Sobsey, a professor of public health at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill. Sobsey developed a cheap and simple test to determine how many \u003cstrong>E. coli\u003c/strong> bacteria live in a given water sample. His \u003ca href=\"http://www.aquagenx.com/index.html\">Compartment Bag Test\u003c/a> (CBT), which looks like a plastic reclosable bag with five internal compartments, doesn’t require fancy lab equipment or trained technicians. It’s designed to be used by anyone anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The self-contained kit reveals within a day if a water source is safe to drink. Here’s how it works:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. Fill a vial with water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. Add some bacterial medium (bacteria food made up of carbon compounds, digested proteins, and salts).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. Pour the water sample into the CBT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>4. Let the bag sit overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57892\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 229px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/CBT-Kit.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-57892 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/CBT-Kit-282x253.jpg\" alt=\"CBT Kit\" width=\"229\" height=\"205\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The CBT costs less than $10, compared to $100 for alternative testing kits. Photo by @hupdiggs.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Compartments containing at least one E. coli cell turn bluish green. Depending on which compartments change color, you can determine the level of contamination in the water sample. For example, if only the smallest compartment turns green, the water has about one \u003cstrong>E. coli\u003c/strong> cell in every 100 milliliters. That’s “probably safe” to drink according to Sobsey. If all five compartments turn green, your water is “unsafe,” which means you definitely don’t want to drink it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58405\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 218px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/0000000776-IMG_3801.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-58405 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/0000000776-IMG_3801-218x253.jpg\" alt=\"0000000776-IMG_3801\" width=\"218\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">No technician required: the CBT allows end users to determine if their water is safe to drink. Photo courtesy Dr. Mark Sobsey.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At a cost of less than $10, Sobsey’s user-friendly kit is poised to revolutionize the breadth and scope of water-quality testing. For example, \u003ca href=\"http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/pdf/MDG%20Report%202012.pdf\">a 2012 United Nations report\u003c/a> concluded it was\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>not possible to measure water quality worldwide, in part because of money. Instead of measuring quality, the UN set its \u003ca href=\"http://www.wssinfo.org/definitions-methods/watsan-categories/\">standards based on whether water is “improved.\u003c/a>” However, “improved” water includes any water run through a pipe. Channeling muddy puddle water through a lead pipe could be considered “improved” by the UN.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As far as measuring what water is safe to drink, [the UN] probably got it wrong,” says Sobsey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cheaper tests allow NGOs to expand their water-quality testing. Through his company, Aquagenx, which he calls his “socially responsible LLC,” Sobsey has sold 20,000 CBTs to aid organizations around the world, such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.usaid.gov/what-we-do/water-and-sanitation\">USAID\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We should be responsible to bring testing capacity to the people that need it,” says Sobsey. “Everybody deserves to know if their water is safe.”\u003cbr>\n\u003cins cite=\"mailto:David%20Huppert\" datetime=\"2013-07-11T16:41\"> \u003c/ins>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new bacteria testing kit has the potential to save millions of lives, one glass of water at a time.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1375808339,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":770},"headData":{"title":"To Drink, or Not To Drink | KQED","description":"A new bacteria testing kit has the potential to save millions of lives, one glass of water at a time.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"To Drink, or Not To Drink","datePublished":"2013-08-06T14:00:58.000Z","dateModified":"2013-08-06T16:58:59.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"55063 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=55063","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/08/06/to-drink-or-not-drinking-water-test-kit/","disqusTitle":"To Drink, or Not To Drink","path":"/quest/55063/to-drink-or-not-drinking-water-test-kit","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57893\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Sobsey-Marquee.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-57893 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Sobsey-Marquee-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hupdiggs\">@hupdiggs\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #888888\">Community Contributor |\u003c/span>\u003c/strong> Dan Lane, UNC Chapel Hill\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you are reading this article, you are probably one of the fortunate ones. Chances are you can trust that the glass of water in front of you is safe to drink. Sadly, that’s not the case for about a quarter of the world’s population. Nearly two \u003cstrong>billion \u003c/strong>people around the world get sick every year from untreated water. Of those affected, nearly \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs330/en/\">two million die, including 750,000 children\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simply put, \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index.html\">contaminated water leads to more deaths than HIV/AIDS\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The silent assassins are bacteria like E. coli, which find their way from fecal waste into the local water supply. You can’t see it, smell it, or taste it, but it can kill you. Water may be a source of life, but it is also a vessel of disease and death. Ideally, everyone would have access to safe, treated water. But building that kind of infrastructure -- especially in remote areas -- takes time and money, something many governments and nongovernment organizations (NGOs) lack. In the meantime, the best strategy for reducing the risk of contracting water-borne illnesses is to determine where the bacterial bad guys are lurking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58406\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 208px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/0000000776-IMG_3989.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-58406 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/0000000776-IMG_3989-208x253.jpg\" alt=\"More people die every year from contaminated water than HIV/AIDS. Photo courtesy, Dr. Mark Sobsey.\" width=\"208\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fecal bacteria, like E. coli, infect nearly 2 billion people per year. Photo courtesy Dr. Mark Sobsey.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The problem is that most detection methods are prohibitively expensive and technical, and getting the results takes a long time. Many tests require taking specialized gear -- test tubes, pipettes, and sterilizing equipment -- to the water source. Another option is to ship water samples from the field to commercial labs around the world. Both methods require trained technicians and can push the price up to $100 per test. Such high costs have severely limited the number of water-quality tests being conducted in at-risk regions -- until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“As far as measuring what water is safe to drink, [the UN] probably got it wrong,” says Dr. Mark Sobsey.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Enter Dr. Mark Sobsey, a professor of public health at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill. Sobsey developed a cheap and simple test to determine how many \u003cstrong>E. coli\u003c/strong> bacteria live in a given water sample. His \u003ca href=\"http://www.aquagenx.com/index.html\">Compartment Bag Test\u003c/a> (CBT), which looks like a plastic reclosable bag with five internal compartments, doesn’t require fancy lab equipment or trained technicians. It’s designed to be used by anyone anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The self-contained kit reveals within a day if a water source is safe to drink. Here’s how it works:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. Fill a vial with water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. Add some bacterial medium (bacteria food made up of carbon compounds, digested proteins, and salts).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. Pour the water sample into the CBT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>4. Let the bag sit overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57892\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 229px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/CBT-Kit.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-57892 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/CBT-Kit-282x253.jpg\" alt=\"CBT Kit\" width=\"229\" height=\"205\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The CBT costs less than $10, compared to $100 for alternative testing kits. Photo by @hupdiggs.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Compartments containing at least one E. coli cell turn bluish green. Depending on which compartments change color, you can determine the level of contamination in the water sample. For example, if only the smallest compartment turns green, the water has about one \u003cstrong>E. coli\u003c/strong> cell in every 100 milliliters. That’s “probably safe” to drink according to Sobsey. If all five compartments turn green, your water is “unsafe,” which means you definitely don’t want to drink it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58405\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 218px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/0000000776-IMG_3801.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-58405 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/0000000776-IMG_3801-218x253.jpg\" alt=\"0000000776-IMG_3801\" width=\"218\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">No technician required: the CBT allows end users to determine if their water is safe to drink. Photo courtesy Dr. Mark Sobsey.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At a cost of less than $10, Sobsey’s user-friendly kit is poised to revolutionize the breadth and scope of water-quality testing. For example, \u003ca href=\"http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/pdf/MDG%20Report%202012.pdf\">a 2012 United Nations report\u003c/a> concluded it was\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>not possible to measure water quality worldwide, in part because of money. Instead of measuring quality, the UN set its \u003ca href=\"http://www.wssinfo.org/definitions-methods/watsan-categories/\">standards based on whether water is “improved.\u003c/a>” However, “improved” water includes any water run through a pipe. Channeling muddy puddle water through a lead pipe could be considered “improved” by the UN.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As far as measuring what water is safe to drink, [the UN] probably got it wrong,” says Sobsey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cheaper tests allow NGOs to expand their water-quality testing. Through his company, Aquagenx, which he calls his “socially responsible LLC,” Sobsey has sold 20,000 CBTs to aid organizations around the world, such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.usaid.gov/what-we-do/water-and-sanitation\">USAID\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We should be responsible to bring testing capacity to the people that need it,” says Sobsey. “Everybody deserves to know if their water is safe.”\u003cbr>\n\u003cins cite=\"mailto:David%20Huppert\" datetime=\"2013-07-11T16:41\"> \u003c/ins>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/55063/to-drink-or-not-drinking-water-test-kit","authors":["10478"],"categories":["quest_5","quest_12","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_12187","quest_12185","quest_13201","quest_2141","quest_12186","quest_2349","quest_3290","quest_2474","quest_2530","quest_13365","quest_2906","quest_10571","quest_10363","quest_10303","quest_12018","quest_3108"],"featImg":"quest_57893","label":"quest"},"quest_52462":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_52462","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"52462","score":null,"sort":[1366210827000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"fire-safety-without-harm","title":"Fire Safety without Harm","publishDate":1366210827,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/17/fire-safety-without-harm/fire/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52484\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/fire.jpg\" alt=\"fire\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-52484\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/fire.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/fire-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, scientists and regulators from more than 20 countries gathered in San Francisco to discuss the latest research on flame retardants. \u003ca href=\"http://www.bfr2013.com/bfr2013_about.cfm\">The conference\u003c/a> lasted four days, but the theme of the meeting was clear from just a few talks: Do we need toxic chemicals to achieve fire safety?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past decade, scientists have voiced increasing concern about the potential health and environmental risks of these chemicals, which show up—and leach from—a growing number of consumer products. By now, most California consumers probably know that flame retardants permeate the foam in their couches and chairs, along with a surprising array of baby products. (On Monday, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/health/article/Flame-retardants-to-be-removed-from-nap-mats-4436828.php\">San Francisco Chronicle noted\u003c/a> that at least some nap maps sold in the state will no longer contain flame retardants.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I reported yesterday in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/flame-retardants-in-consumer-products-are-linked-to-health-and-cognitive-problems/2013/04/15/f5c7b2aa-8b34-11e2-9838-d62f083ba93f_story.html\">story for the Washington Post\u003c/a>, mounting evidence suggests that these brominated chemicals pose risks to human health. Californians carry among the highest levels of flame retardants in the world, which researchers attribute to a 70s-era flammability standard that requires foam products to resist an open flame for 12 seconds. Manufacturers typically used flame retardants to comply and many tailored their products to California’s standard—and considerable market share—to avoid double inventories. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown, concerned about the risks the chemicals pose to human health, \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=17598\">called on the state agency\u003c/a> in charge of flammability standards to find a way to ensure fire safety without the need for toxic flame retardants. In March, the agency held \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_hOjKKdZR_s&feature=youtu.be\">a public hearing\u003c/a> on its new standard, revised to do just that. The new regulations go into effect July 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2011, when I started \u003ca href=\"http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/2011/money-to-burn\">writing about flame retardants\u003c/a>, I’ve been struck by how the researchers studying these chemicals talk about their findings. Scientists tend to talk about their results in terms of what they don’t know and what new questions their studies raise. (All \u003ca href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=weak-link-fossil-darwinius\">exceptions duly noted\u003c/a>.) And those studying flame retardants do discuss their findings with all the usual caveats. But they also do something else. They tell me, \"We don’t like what we’re seeing.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few weeks ago, I spoke with Heather Stapleton, a flame retardant expert at Duke University who’s pioneered methods to correlate levels of dust on people’s hands with levels found in their blood or urine. With two small children, a four-year-old son and a daughter who will be two next month, Stapleton said she thinks very carefully “as a mother and scientist” about the products she buys and washes her children’s hands frequently to reduce exposure. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s particularly worried about people using hand-me-down nursing pillows and other baby products that likely exude more flame retardants as they age. “No one to my knowledge is examining infants’ exposure to flame retardants from these small items,” she said. “They’re small but an infant spends a lot of contact time with them.” What’s more, babies are likely to go from sleep positioner to a car seat to a changing table, spending the better part of a day in contact with products that could be leaching the chemicals. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week at the flame retardant conference, researchers talked about the global reach of these chemicals, now detected in trees, sludge, wildlife and people around the world. They listed the wide range of health effects associated with the well-studied brominated flame retardants—including endocrine disruption and developmental, neurological and reproductive defects—and emphasized that the effects have been found in both animals and humans. They also reported worrying early results on new formulations like tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), which is showing up in human breast milk and maternal cord blood samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, TBBPA was added mostly to electronics and circuit boards in a “reactive mode,” which means it’s unlikely to leach from the product. But as Linda Birnbaum pointed out at the meeting, it’s now being used as a replacement for banned or discontinued brominated flame retardants in an “additive mode”—so it can offgas, migrate from the product into the air. “Which means more is going to get into the environment,” Birnbaum said, “which means more is going to get into people and wildlife.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birnbaum, director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the National Toxicology Program, reported that a two-year study of TBBPA in rats and mice found a dose-related increase in aggressive uterine tumors in the female rats—“these are highly malignant tumors that metastasize to many different sites,” she told the crowd—as well as liver tumors in male and female mice. These results suggest, she said, that TBBPA is a “two species carcinogen” that warrants closer study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few months ago, Birnbaum told me that she used to think flame retardants were providing fire safety but now isn't so sure. She allows there may be applications that warrant them, like airplanes, but even then, she said, “If we think flame retardants are going to be helpful, why not use them in a reactive mode, so they don’t easily escape into the environment?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decade ago, after seeing data showing rising levels of flame retardants in people along with animal evidence linking neurological effects to exposure early in life, Birnbaum called attention to the issue with a paper called \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1241790/pdf/ehp0112-000009.pdf\">\"Brominated Flame Retardants: Cause for Concern?\" \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, she said, “everything that is being seen in people when you look—and until recently, no one looked—is consistent with things that we’ve seen in animal models.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.bfr2013.com/upload/abstract-download/2013/BirnbaumPlenary.pdf\">weight of the evidence\u003c/a> inspired Birnbaum to write another paper. “I changed the question mark,” she said, “to an exclamation point.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Last week, scientists and regulators from more than 20 countries gathered in San Francisco to discuss the latest research on flame retardants. The conference lasted four days, but the theme of the meeting was clear from just a few talks: Do we need toxic chemicals to achieve fire safety?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1367424417,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":1001},"headData":{"title":"Fire Safety without Harm | KQED","description":"Last week, scientists and regulators from more than 20 countries gathered in San Francisco to discuss the latest research on flame retardants. The conference lasted four days, but the theme of the meeting was clear from just a few talks: Do we need toxic chemicals to achieve fire safety?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Fire Safety without Harm","datePublished":"2013-04-17T15:00:27.000Z","dateModified":"2013-05-01T16:06:57.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"52462 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=52462","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/17/fire-safety-without-harm/","disqusTitle":"Fire Safety without Harm","path":"/quest/52462/fire-safety-without-harm","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/17/fire-safety-without-harm/fire/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52484\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/fire.jpg\" alt=\"fire\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-52484\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/fire.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/fire-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, scientists and regulators from more than 20 countries gathered in San Francisco to discuss the latest research on flame retardants. \u003ca href=\"http://www.bfr2013.com/bfr2013_about.cfm\">The conference\u003c/a> lasted four days, but the theme of the meeting was clear from just a few talks: Do we need toxic chemicals to achieve fire safety?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past decade, scientists have voiced increasing concern about the potential health and environmental risks of these chemicals, which show up—and leach from—a growing number of consumer products. By now, most California consumers probably know that flame retardants permeate the foam in their couches and chairs, along with a surprising array of baby products. (On Monday, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/health/article/Flame-retardants-to-be-removed-from-nap-mats-4436828.php\">San Francisco Chronicle noted\u003c/a> that at least some nap maps sold in the state will no longer contain flame retardants.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I reported yesterday in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/flame-retardants-in-consumer-products-are-linked-to-health-and-cognitive-problems/2013/04/15/f5c7b2aa-8b34-11e2-9838-d62f083ba93f_story.html\">story for the Washington Post\u003c/a>, mounting evidence suggests that these brominated chemicals pose risks to human health. Californians carry among the highest levels of flame retardants in the world, which researchers attribute to a 70s-era flammability standard that requires foam products to resist an open flame for 12 seconds. Manufacturers typically used flame retardants to comply and many tailored their products to California’s standard—and considerable market share—to avoid double inventories. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown, concerned about the risks the chemicals pose to human health, \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=17598\">called on the state agency\u003c/a> in charge of flammability standards to find a way to ensure fire safety without the need for toxic flame retardants. In March, the agency held \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_hOjKKdZR_s&feature=youtu.be\">a public hearing\u003c/a> on its new standard, revised to do just that. The new regulations go into effect July 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2011, when I started \u003ca href=\"http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/2011/money-to-burn\">writing about flame retardants\u003c/a>, I’ve been struck by how the researchers studying these chemicals talk about their findings. Scientists tend to talk about their results in terms of what they don’t know and what new questions their studies raise. (All \u003ca href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=weak-link-fossil-darwinius\">exceptions duly noted\u003c/a>.) And those studying flame retardants do discuss their findings with all the usual caveats. But they also do something else. They tell me, \"We don’t like what we’re seeing.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few weeks ago, I spoke with Heather Stapleton, a flame retardant expert at Duke University who’s pioneered methods to correlate levels of dust on people’s hands with levels found in their blood or urine. With two small children, a four-year-old son and a daughter who will be two next month, Stapleton said she thinks very carefully “as a mother and scientist” about the products she buys and washes her children’s hands frequently to reduce exposure. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s particularly worried about people using hand-me-down nursing pillows and other baby products that likely exude more flame retardants as they age. “No one to my knowledge is examining infants’ exposure to flame retardants from these small items,” she said. “They’re small but an infant spends a lot of contact time with them.” What’s more, babies are likely to go from sleep positioner to a car seat to a changing table, spending the better part of a day in contact with products that could be leaching the chemicals. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week at the flame retardant conference, researchers talked about the global reach of these chemicals, now detected in trees, sludge, wildlife and people around the world. They listed the wide range of health effects associated with the well-studied brominated flame retardants—including endocrine disruption and developmental, neurological and reproductive defects—and emphasized that the effects have been found in both animals and humans. They also reported worrying early results on new formulations like tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), which is showing up in human breast milk and maternal cord blood samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, TBBPA was added mostly to electronics and circuit boards in a “reactive mode,” which means it’s unlikely to leach from the product. But as Linda Birnbaum pointed out at the meeting, it’s now being used as a replacement for banned or discontinued brominated flame retardants in an “additive mode”—so it can offgas, migrate from the product into the air. “Which means more is going to get into the environment,” Birnbaum said, “which means more is going to get into people and wildlife.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birnbaum, director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the National Toxicology Program, reported that a two-year study of TBBPA in rats and mice found a dose-related increase in aggressive uterine tumors in the female rats—“these are highly malignant tumors that metastasize to many different sites,” she told the crowd—as well as liver tumors in male and female mice. These results suggest, she said, that TBBPA is a “two species carcinogen” that warrants closer study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few months ago, Birnbaum told me that she used to think flame retardants were providing fire safety but now isn't so sure. She allows there may be applications that warrant them, like airplanes, but even then, she said, “If we think flame retardants are going to be helpful, why not use them in a reactive mode, so they don’t easily escape into the environment?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decade ago, after seeing data showing rising levels of flame retardants in people along with animal evidence linking neurological effects to exposure early in life, Birnbaum called attention to the issue with a paper called \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1241790/pdf/ehp0112-000009.pdf\">\"Brominated Flame Retardants: Cause for Concern?\" \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, she said, “everything that is being seen in people when you look—and until recently, no one looked—is consistent with things that we’ve seen in animal models.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.bfr2013.com/upload/abstract-download/2013/BirnbaumPlenary.pdf\">weight of the evidence\u003c/a> inspired Birnbaum to write another paper. “I changed the question mark,” she said, “to an exclamation point.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/52462/fire-safety-without-harm","authors":["6322"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_5","quest_9","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_11572","quest_13198","quest_1095","quest_10954","quest_13201","quest_11518","quest_2474","quest_10953"],"featImg":"quest_52484","label":"quest"},"quest_28517":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_28517","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"28517","score":null,"sort":[1323975030000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"getting-started-on-earthquake-preparedness","title":"Getting Started on Earthquake Preparedness","publishDate":1323975030,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/15/getting-started-on-earthquake-preparedness/eqpreptop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-28518\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/EQpreptop-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"EQpreptop\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-28518\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I've talked about some of the science related to earthquakes here on KQED, things like \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/01/shaking-things-up/\">shake-table studies\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/12/deep-jiggles-with-distant-triggers/\">triggered creep\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/06/30/salton-sea-15-months-pregnant/\">long earthquake cycles\u003c/a>. And I've introduced some of the Bay Area's earthquake-producing faults like the San Andreas fault (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/29/geozeum-a-personal-museum-of-geology/\">here\u003c/a>), the Hayward fault (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/05/geological-outings-around-the-bay-a-visit-to-the-hayward-fault/\">here\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/\">here\u003c/a>), the San Gregorio fault (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/\">here\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/10/geological-outings-around-the-bay-fitzgerald-marine-preserve/\">here\u003c/a>) and the Green Valley fault (\u003ca>here\u003c/a>). I've showed you some ways to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/17/befriend-your-local-fault/\">friend your local fault\u003c/a> on your own, too. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But talking about all this cool fun science is circling around something that's more urgent: earthquakes are on their way, wherever you live in the Bay Area. And by preparing in advance for these earthquakes, you can save a whole lot of trouble for yourself, your family and your neighborhood. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I know all this; I've known it and written about it for years. But I shy away from the implications, like a lot of people, and as a result I haven't done much serious preparation. Truth be told, I'm kind of paralyzed at the prospect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are people out there who understand this resistance to action. They are being as creative as they know how in a sincere effort to draw us into doing the right things. What works?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before I go there, I can tell you what has and hasn't worked for me:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. The authorities tell us that \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3027/\">a big, damaging earthquake is a certainty (over 99 percent) in the next 30 years in California\u003c/a>. (My instinctive, self-justifying response is, \"\u003ci>Fine, the Big One will be down south.\u003c/i>\")\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. They tell us that a big, damaging earthquake has \u003ca href=\"http://www.scec.org/core/public/sceccontext.php/3935/13663\">2-to-1 odds of happening in the Bay Area\u003c/a> in the next 30 years. (\u003ci>Yeah, the epicenter will most likely be somewhere else and not this year either.\u003c/i>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. They tell us that damaging shaking from that big quake will affect my area. \u003ca href=\"http://quake.abag.ca.gov/shaking/\">The scenarios\u003c/a> show that problems from the quake will affect my area's infrastructure, its traffic, its economy. (\u003ci>Well . . . that's hard to ignore.\u003c/i>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>4. \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/simulations/\">Recent, realistic simulations\u003c/a> show that the experience will be scary and challenging under the best of circumstances. (\u003ci>Imagining this keeps me awake sometimes.\u003c/i>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>5. You insure yourself against sudden death, illness and car crashes, don't you, so why not treat earthquakes the same way? (\u003ci>Um, O.K.\u003c/i>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, all that feels more like being harangued than being helped. Can earthquake preparation be easy instead? Or failing that, can it be simple? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Would you settle for orderly? That is definitely doable. Some things come before other things, and those sincere, creative people have sorted them out in a program called \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthquakecountry.info/roots/seven_steps.html\">Seven Steps to Earthquake Safety\u003c/a>. That turns the daunting mountain of earthquake preparedness into a path, with one step at a time. For instance, step 1 is \"Secure it now!\" That sounds like something with a beginning and an end; like something I could incorporate into my routine, one errand at a time, a small new item in the family-meeting agenda and the household budget. That sounds like something I can actually manage. And once it's done, step 2——but let's not get ahead of ourselves; that's how the paralysis started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is coaching available, too. At least I think of it that way. A creative team at \u003ca href=\"http://www.totallyunprepared.com/\">TotallyUnprepared.com\u003c/a> has a growing set of stories and demonstrations of the small, ordinary things that make up \"securing it now.\" There's a lovely set of videos answering the simple question, \u003ca href=\"http://www.totallyunprepared.com/our-tv-shows/will-it-shake/\">Will it shake?\u003c/a> The newest one \u003ca href=\"http://www.totallyunprepared.com/2011/12/will-it-shake-snowglobe-edition/\">tests a snowglobe collection\u003c/a>. Of course it will shake; you know that; but it still helps to \u003ci>see\u003c/i> it shake. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.totallyunprepared.com/get-ready-quick/\">how-to section\u003c/a> covers lots of specific problems, from securing refrigerators to getting earthquake insurance. You can even sign up for a regular email message from the Totally Unprepared team with tips and encouragement. Links from Totally Unprepared go to lots of good background info. It seems like just the place to bookmark and, dare I say it, make part of a New Year's resolution.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Preparing your home is a part of the Bay Area's response to future earthquakes that is just as essential as the Bay Bridge upgrade, but you can manage it yourself with some free help.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1325108201,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":685},"headData":{"title":"Getting Started on Earthquake Preparedness | KQED","description":"Preparing your home is a part of the Bay Area's response to future earthquakes that is just as essential as the Bay Bridge upgrade, but you can manage it yourself with some free help.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Getting Started on Earthquake Preparedness","datePublished":"2011-12-15T18:50:30.000Z","dateModified":"2011-12-28T21:36:41.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"28517 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=28517","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/15/getting-started-on-earthquake-preparedness/","disqusTitle":"Getting Started on Earthquake Preparedness","path":"/quest/28517/getting-started-on-earthquake-preparedness","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/15/getting-started-on-earthquake-preparedness/eqpreptop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-28518\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/EQpreptop-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"EQpreptop\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-28518\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I've talked about some of the science related to earthquakes here on KQED, things like \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/01/shaking-things-up/\">shake-table studies\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/12/deep-jiggles-with-distant-triggers/\">triggered creep\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/06/30/salton-sea-15-months-pregnant/\">long earthquake cycles\u003c/a>. And I've introduced some of the Bay Area's earthquake-producing faults like the San Andreas fault (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/29/geozeum-a-personal-museum-of-geology/\">here\u003c/a>), the Hayward fault (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/05/geological-outings-around-the-bay-a-visit-to-the-hayward-fault/\">here\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/\">here\u003c/a>), the San Gregorio fault (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/\">here\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/10/geological-outings-around-the-bay-fitzgerald-marine-preserve/\">here\u003c/a>) and the Green Valley fault (\u003ca>here\u003c/a>). I've showed you some ways to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/17/befriend-your-local-fault/\">friend your local fault\u003c/a> on your own, too. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But talking about all this cool fun science is circling around something that's more urgent: earthquakes are on their way, wherever you live in the Bay Area. And by preparing in advance for these earthquakes, you can save a whole lot of trouble for yourself, your family and your neighborhood. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I know all this; I've known it and written about it for years. But I shy away from the implications, like a lot of people, and as a result I haven't done much serious preparation. Truth be told, I'm kind of paralyzed at the prospect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are people out there who understand this resistance to action. They are being as creative as they know how in a sincere effort to draw us into doing the right things. What works?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before I go there, I can tell you what has and hasn't worked for me:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. The authorities tell us that \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3027/\">a big, damaging earthquake is a certainty (over 99 percent) in the next 30 years in California\u003c/a>. (My instinctive, self-justifying response is, \"\u003ci>Fine, the Big One will be down south.\u003c/i>\")\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. They tell us that a big, damaging earthquake has \u003ca href=\"http://www.scec.org/core/public/sceccontext.php/3935/13663\">2-to-1 odds of happening in the Bay Area\u003c/a> in the next 30 years. (\u003ci>Yeah, the epicenter will most likely be somewhere else and not this year either.\u003c/i>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. They tell us that damaging shaking from that big quake will affect my area. \u003ca href=\"http://quake.abag.ca.gov/shaking/\">The scenarios\u003c/a> show that problems from the quake will affect my area's infrastructure, its traffic, its economy. (\u003ci>Well . . . that's hard to ignore.\u003c/i>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>4. \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/simulations/\">Recent, realistic simulations\u003c/a> show that the experience will be scary and challenging under the best of circumstances. (\u003ci>Imagining this keeps me awake sometimes.\u003c/i>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>5. You insure yourself against sudden death, illness and car crashes, don't you, so why not treat earthquakes the same way? (\u003ci>Um, O.K.\u003c/i>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, all that feels more like being harangued than being helped. Can earthquake preparation be easy instead? Or failing that, can it be simple? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Would you settle for orderly? That is definitely doable. Some things come before other things, and those sincere, creative people have sorted them out in a program called \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthquakecountry.info/roots/seven_steps.html\">Seven Steps to Earthquake Safety\u003c/a>. That turns the daunting mountain of earthquake preparedness into a path, with one step at a time. For instance, step 1 is \"Secure it now!\" That sounds like something with a beginning and an end; like something I could incorporate into my routine, one errand at a time, a small new item in the family-meeting agenda and the household budget. That sounds like something I can actually manage. And once it's done, step 2——but let's not get ahead of ourselves; that's how the paralysis started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is coaching available, too. At least I think of it that way. A creative team at \u003ca href=\"http://www.totallyunprepared.com/\">TotallyUnprepared.com\u003c/a> has a growing set of stories and demonstrations of the small, ordinary things that make up \"securing it now.\" There's a lovely set of videos answering the simple question, \u003ca href=\"http://www.totallyunprepared.com/our-tv-shows/will-it-shake/\">Will it shake?\u003c/a> The newest one \u003ca href=\"http://www.totallyunprepared.com/2011/12/will-it-shake-snowglobe-edition/\">tests a snowglobe collection\u003c/a>. Of course it will shake; you know that; but it still helps to \u003ci>see\u003c/i> it shake. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.totallyunprepared.com/get-ready-quick/\">how-to section\u003c/a> covers lots of specific problems, from securing refrigerators to getting earthquake insurance. You can even sign up for a regular email message from the Totally Unprepared team with tips and encouragement. Links from Totally Unprepared go to lots of good background info. It seems like just the place to bookmark and, dare I say it, make part of a New Year's resolution.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/28517/getting-started-on-earthquake-preparedness","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_909","quest_10188","quest_13202","quest_2474"],"featImg":"quest_28518","label":"quest"},"quest_13072":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_13072","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"13072","score":null,"sort":[1300378850000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"tsunami-awareness-at-the-beach","title":"Tsunami Awareness at the Beach","publishDate":1300378850,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Tsunami Awareness at the Beach | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/brokendockSCruz2.jpg\" alt=\"tsunami\" title=\"santa cruz tsunami\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"alignleft size-full\">\u003cem>\u003csup>The tsunami of March 11 broke docks and damaged boats in Santa Cruz Harbor. Most earthquake-generated tsunamis in this part of California will cause similar levels of damage. Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/sempivirens/\">Sequoia Hughes\u003c/a> of Flickr under Creative Commons license.\u003c/sup>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week the Bay Area got a tiny taste of Japan’s seismic disaster when tsunami waves stirred our waters, a giant agitating the San Francisco Bay and coast with a flick of its pinky. The waves we saw overwhelming the east coast of Honshu were attenuated to small surges here at the opposite side of the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In central California, we will always have good warning of these big seismic tsunamis because they are not created nearby. Our tectonic setting is not conducive to Japan or Sumatra-style tsunamis. But I said \u003ci>seismic\u003c/i> tsunamis, the ones that earthquakes cause. There are two other kinds that mean you should always practice tsunami awareness when you’re at the beach. And \u003ca href=\"http://nthmp.tsunami.gov/tsunamiweek.html\">National Tsunami Awareness Week\u003c/a>, scheduled by purest coincidence for next week, is a good occasion to train yourself and your family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standard tsunami awareness is pretty simple, simple enough to put on a sign that says, “In case of earthquake, go to high ground or inland.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/thai-tsunami-sign2.jpg\" alt=\"thai tsunami sign\">\u003cbr>\n\u003ci>\u003csub>Photo courtesy Bruce Manchon, all rights reserved\u003c/sub>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That refers to an earthquake that you feel, not one you hear about on the radio. I can be a little more specific. Don’t worry about small earthquakes, namely the short, sharp shocks we feel often around here. Worry about a long-lasting earthquake, one with slow rhythms. If one of those happens while you’re at the beach, look—you want to leave anyway, because a large earthquake like that may mean trouble at home. If the sea starts acting strange, do what the sign says, period. Otherwise, follow your usual earthquake protocol: Get away without dawdling, drive warily with your radio on, remember your family plan, use your phone no more than absolutely necessary. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tsunamis that arrive from distant quakes, or teletsunamis, come with several hours of warning. The nearest earthquake faults that could send a damaging tsunami our way—subduction zones—are off northernmost California, part of the \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/quake_preparedness/a/aa_cascadiaEQ.htm\">Cascadia seismic zone\u003c/a> that stretches up the Oregon and Washington coast into Canada. A tsunami arising from a magnitude-8 or larger event up there would arrive here at least a couple hours later. Tsunamis from major earthquakes in Alaska, far eastern Russia, Japan and the Philippines will give us much longer warning times. There are enough people on a typical beach, with phones and text devices and radios, that you should be able to count on sufficient warning even for a Cascadia event. In addition, local emergency responders will be out in person to warn beachgoers. (If you’re on the beach alone, be more alert.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you hear about an approaching tsunami, I must advise you: don’t be irresponsible and rush to the beach. We’re all intrigued by geological phenomena, and every red-blooded geologist has “witness a tsunami” on his or her geological bucket list. But remember the person taking pictures at Crescent City (\u003ca href=\"http://nisquallyquake.wordpress.com/2011/03/11/the-1964-alaska-earthquake-and-tsunami-that-hit-the-west-coast/\">a town also ravaged by a tsunami from the 1964 Alaska earthquake\u003c/a>) who was washed out to sea. Think about the surfers who wandered around Santa Cruz Harbor, risking themselves and worrying others, as the waters rushed in and out. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, if you choose to ignore my advice, then you should do as I wish I could have done, and proceed in a responsible manner to a safe place high above the water, obeying authorities, not congesting emergency escape routes, prepared for the worst. UC Santa Cruz geologist Christie Rowe did that and \u003ca href=\"http://www.facebook.com/aboutgeology#!/album.php?id=1092875994&aid=2099749\">recorded the tsunami’s arrival\u003c/a>. She adds, “I would advise people not to panic, to check the \u003ca href=\"http://wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov/\">West Coast Tsunami Warning Center website\u003c/a> and select a vantage point well above the predicted wave height.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not every tsunami is a seismic tsunami. Two other kinds of tsunamis, not monitored by dedicated networks, have a chance of happening somewhere in the world during the average lifetime: landslide and impact tsunamis. A \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/tsunamis/a/Landslide-Tsunamis.htm\">landslide tsunami\u003c/a>, caused by large mass movements into or beneath the sea, is quite plausible along our steep coasts and rugged offshore seafloors. Be wary of one even after a relatively small local quake. An impact tsunami, caused by an \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/impacts/a/impacts.htm\">object from space crashing into the ocean\u003c/a>, has no upper size limit and no preferred location. The odds are small but every beach in the world, ours included, faces the risk. So be like a sailor and always keep your weather eye out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn more:\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/geologic_hazards/Tsunami/Inundation_Maps/Pages/Index.aspx\">California tsunami information\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://nthmp.tsunami.gov/tsunamiweek.html\">National Tsunami Awareness Week\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://tsunami.gov/\">tsunami.gov\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov/\">West Coast/Alaska Tsunami Warning Center\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 36.9590 -122.0226\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Central California will have good warning of big seismic tsunamis which aren't created nearby, but always keep your weather eye out.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684974450,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":811},"headData":{"title":"Tsunami Awareness at the Beach | KQED","description":"Central California will have good warning of big seismic tsunamis which aren't created nearby, but always keep your weather eye out.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Tsunami Awareness at the Beach","datePublished":"2011-03-17T16:20:50.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-25T00:27:30.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/13072/tsunami-awareness-at-the-beach","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/brokendockSCruz2.jpg\" alt=\"tsunami\" title=\"santa cruz tsunami\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"alignleft size-full\">\u003cem>\u003csup>The tsunami of March 11 broke docks and damaged boats in Santa Cruz Harbor. Most earthquake-generated tsunamis in this part of California will cause similar levels of damage. Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/sempivirens/\">Sequoia Hughes\u003c/a> of Flickr under Creative Commons license.\u003c/sup>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week the Bay Area got a tiny taste of Japan’s seismic disaster when tsunami waves stirred our waters, a giant agitating the San Francisco Bay and coast with a flick of its pinky. The waves we saw overwhelming the east coast of Honshu were attenuated to small surges here at the opposite side of the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In central California, we will always have good warning of these big seismic tsunamis because they are not created nearby. Our tectonic setting is not conducive to Japan or Sumatra-style tsunamis. But I said \u003ci>seismic\u003c/i> tsunamis, the ones that earthquakes cause. There are two other kinds that mean you should always practice tsunami awareness when you’re at the beach. And \u003ca href=\"http://nthmp.tsunami.gov/tsunamiweek.html\">National Tsunami Awareness Week\u003c/a>, scheduled by purest coincidence for next week, is a good occasion to train yourself and your family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standard tsunami awareness is pretty simple, simple enough to put on a sign that says, “In case of earthquake, go to high ground or inland.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/thai-tsunami-sign2.jpg\" alt=\"thai tsunami sign\">\u003cbr>\n\u003ci>\u003csub>Photo courtesy Bruce Manchon, all rights reserved\u003c/sub>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That refers to an earthquake that you feel, not one you hear about on the radio. I can be a little more specific. Don’t worry about small earthquakes, namely the short, sharp shocks we feel often around here. Worry about a long-lasting earthquake, one with slow rhythms. If one of those happens while you’re at the beach, look—you want to leave anyway, because a large earthquake like that may mean trouble at home. If the sea starts acting strange, do what the sign says, period. Otherwise, follow your usual earthquake protocol: Get away without dawdling, drive warily with your radio on, remember your family plan, use your phone no more than absolutely necessary. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tsunamis that arrive from distant quakes, or teletsunamis, come with several hours of warning. The nearest earthquake faults that could send a damaging tsunami our way—subduction zones—are off northernmost California, part of the \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/quake_preparedness/a/aa_cascadiaEQ.htm\">Cascadia seismic zone\u003c/a> that stretches up the Oregon and Washington coast into Canada. A tsunami arising from a magnitude-8 or larger event up there would arrive here at least a couple hours later. Tsunamis from major earthquakes in Alaska, far eastern Russia, Japan and the Philippines will give us much longer warning times. There are enough people on a typical beach, with phones and text devices and radios, that you should be able to count on sufficient warning even for a Cascadia event. In addition, local emergency responders will be out in person to warn beachgoers. (If you’re on the beach alone, be more alert.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you hear about an approaching tsunami, I must advise you: don’t be irresponsible and rush to the beach. We’re all intrigued by geological phenomena, and every red-blooded geologist has “witness a tsunami” on his or her geological bucket list. But remember the person taking pictures at Crescent City (\u003ca href=\"http://nisquallyquake.wordpress.com/2011/03/11/the-1964-alaska-earthquake-and-tsunami-that-hit-the-west-coast/\">a town also ravaged by a tsunami from the 1964 Alaska earthquake\u003c/a>) who was washed out to sea. Think about the surfers who wandered around Santa Cruz Harbor, risking themselves and worrying others, as the waters rushed in and out. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, if you choose to ignore my advice, then you should do as I wish I could have done, and proceed in a responsible manner to a safe place high above the water, obeying authorities, not congesting emergency escape routes, prepared for the worst. UC Santa Cruz geologist Christie Rowe did that and \u003ca href=\"http://www.facebook.com/aboutgeology#!/album.php?id=1092875994&aid=2099749\">recorded the tsunami’s arrival\u003c/a>. She adds, “I would advise people not to panic, to check the \u003ca href=\"http://wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov/\">West Coast Tsunami Warning Center website\u003c/a> and select a vantage point well above the predicted wave height.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not every tsunami is a seismic tsunami. Two other kinds of tsunamis, not monitored by dedicated networks, have a chance of happening somewhere in the world during the average lifetime: landslide and impact tsunamis. A \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/tsunamis/a/Landslide-Tsunamis.htm\">landslide tsunami\u003c/a>, caused by large mass movements into or beneath the sea, is quite plausible along our steep coasts and rugged offshore seafloors. Be wary of one even after a relatively small local quake. An impact tsunami, caused by an \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/impacts/a/impacts.htm\">object from space crashing into the ocean\u003c/a>, has no upper size limit and no preferred location. The odds are small but every beach in the world, ours included, faces the risk. So be like a sailor and always keep your weather eye out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn more:\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/geologic_hazards/Tsunami/Inundation_Maps/Pages/Index.aspx\">California tsunami information\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://nthmp.tsunami.gov/tsunamiweek.html\">National Tsunami Awareness Week\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://tsunami.gov/\">tsunami.gov\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov/\">West Coast/Alaska Tsunami Warning Center\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 36.9590 -122.0226\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/13072/tsunami-awareness-at-the-beach","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_294","quest_3501","quest_909","quest_13200","quest_2474","quest_2507","quest_2817","quest_3003"],"featImg":"quest_13074","label":"quest"},"quest_853":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_853","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"853","score":null,"sort":[1222805505000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"producers-notes-the-hayward-fault-predictable-peril","title":"Producer's Notes: The Hayward Fault -- Predictable Peril","publishDate":1222805505,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>I'm not a gambling man but I suppose living in the Bay Area is a gamble in and of itself, given that the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/newsroom/article.asp?ID=1914\">likelihood of an earthquake here of magnitude 6.7 or greater in the next 30 years is 67 percent\u003c/a>. As our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/the-hayward-fault-predictable-peril\">QUEST TV segment on the Hayward Fault\u003c/a>, produced by \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/amy-miller/\">Amy Miller\u003c/a>, and an upcoming QUEST radio segment produced by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/andrea-kissack/\">Andrea Kissack\u003c/a> attest, the greatest seismic risk posed to Bay Area residents is the Hayward fault, which last ruptured 150 years ago. The fact that the fault ruptures on average every 140 years, offers a sober reminder of the seismic risk that people working and residing in the East Bay face every day, including Amy and Andrea, as well as several other QUEST colleagues who reside in Berkeley and Oakland. As Mary Lou Zoback stated during the interview, a major earthquake along the Hayward fault would be economically much more catastrophic than Hurricane Katrina, coupled with the difficulty of coordinating relief services in communities like Fremont, where more than 100 languages are spoken. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we know – \u003cem>or should know\u003c/em> – the seismic risks of living in one of the most vibrant, diverse places in the U.S. Short of leaving the region, what can we do? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, one of the most illuminating things about working on this story for me was learning a bit about retrofitting one’s home to make it withstand the lateral and vertical forces that accompany a strong earthquake. In short, you need to build shear walls – made of reinforced plywood and shear transfer ties – and bolt them to the walls in the foundation of your house. Suprisingly, \u003cstrong>there are no official codes as to what constitutes a proper seismic retrofit of a residential unit in California\u003c/strong>, nor is there a dearth of licensed contractors who will offer quotes and purport to retrofit your home but without any standards in place, homeowners are often at a loss to evaluate the quality of the retrofit which can easily exceed ten thousand dollars, depending on the size of the home and its location. Still, homeowners can avail themselves of a few retrofit resources online, such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.abag.ca.gov/bayarea/eqmaps/fixit/plansets.html\">Plan Set A\u003c/a>, a guideline for retrofitting one's home that has been approved by building departments of several Bay Area municipalities such as Oakland and Hayward. Also on the Association of Bay Area Government's web site is a set of \u003ca href=\"http://www.abag.ca.gov/bayarea/eqmaps/fixit/ch3/sld002.htm\">schematics\u003c/a> illustrating shear wall construction. If you are interested in retrofitting your home, you should get quotes from several contractors, consult your city's building department to inquire about permits and possibly consult a structural engineer to perform a building analysis on your home. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> If you're like me, though, and don’t own a home but want to prepare for \"the big one,\" it's imperative to get an earthquake survival kit. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.redcrossstore.org/shopper/ProdList.aspx?LocationId=1&gclid=CJa4-_SvgpYCFQhJagodkF2aEQ\"><red Cross\u003c/a> sells earthquake survival kits but why not make your own, provided that it has water, first aid supplies, a flashlight, food rations and other essentials for you to survive 72 hours while waiting for emergency help. If you want to make your own kit, try the \u003ca href=\"http://quake.usgs.gov/prepare/future/now/supplies.html\">USGS\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.72hours.org/build_kit.html\">the city and county of San Francisco\u003c/a>, or helpful suggestions from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/chronicle/special/quakes/1.1.html\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-disaster17sep17-side,0,2504371.story\">LA Times\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> Living in earthquake country, it pays to be vigilant. I applaud the \u003ca href=\"http://1868alliance.org/\">1868 Hayward Earthquake Alliance\u003c/a>, a consortium of agencies that are raising awareness of the risk posed by the Hayward fault with a series of events aimed at educating the public about the importance of preparedness, including a city-wide drill in San Francisco on October 21st, the 140th anniversary of the 1868 Hayward earthquake. We may not be able to predict when exactly the next earthquake on the Hayward fault may occur but we can start planning today to mitigate its effects. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those who aren't familiar with the Hayward fault, check out our this link to the \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/haywardfault/\">USGS Google Earth tour over the fault\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"So we know- or should know- the seismic risks of living in one of the most vibrant, diverse places in the U.S. Short of leaving the region, what can we do?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457832774,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":671},"headData":{"title":"Producer's Notes: The Hayward Fault -- Predictable Peril | KQED","description":"So we know- or should know- the seismic risks of living in one of the most vibrant, diverse places in the U.S. Short of leaving the region, what can we do?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Producer's Notes: The Hayward Fault -- Predictable Peril","datePublished":"2008-09-30T20:11:45.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-13T01:32:54.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"853 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=853","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/09/30/producers-notes-the-hayward-fault-predictable-peril/","disqusTitle":"Producer's Notes: The Hayward Fault -- Predictable Peril","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhFMtCmHc9c","path":"/quest/853/producers-notes-the-hayward-fault-predictable-peril","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>I'm not a gambling man but I suppose living in the Bay Area is a gamble in and of itself, given that the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/newsroom/article.asp?ID=1914\">likelihood of an earthquake here of magnitude 6.7 or greater in the next 30 years is 67 percent\u003c/a>. As our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/the-hayward-fault-predictable-peril\">QUEST TV segment on the Hayward Fault\u003c/a>, produced by \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/amy-miller/\">Amy Miller\u003c/a>, and an upcoming QUEST radio segment produced by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/andrea-kissack/\">Andrea Kissack\u003c/a> attest, the greatest seismic risk posed to Bay Area residents is the Hayward fault, which last ruptured 150 years ago. The fact that the fault ruptures on average every 140 years, offers a sober reminder of the seismic risk that people working and residing in the East Bay face every day, including Amy and Andrea, as well as several other QUEST colleagues who reside in Berkeley and Oakland. As Mary Lou Zoback stated during the interview, a major earthquake along the Hayward fault would be economically much more catastrophic than Hurricane Katrina, coupled with the difficulty of coordinating relief services in communities like Fremont, where more than 100 languages are spoken. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we know – \u003cem>or should know\u003c/em> – the seismic risks of living in one of the most vibrant, diverse places in the U.S. Short of leaving the region, what can we do? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, one of the most illuminating things about working on this story for me was learning a bit about retrofitting one’s home to make it withstand the lateral and vertical forces that accompany a strong earthquake. In short, you need to build shear walls – made of reinforced plywood and shear transfer ties – and bolt them to the walls in the foundation of your house. Suprisingly, \u003cstrong>there are no official codes as to what constitutes a proper seismic retrofit of a residential unit in California\u003c/strong>, nor is there a dearth of licensed contractors who will offer quotes and purport to retrofit your home but without any standards in place, homeowners are often at a loss to evaluate the quality of the retrofit which can easily exceed ten thousand dollars, depending on the size of the home and its location. Still, homeowners can avail themselves of a few retrofit resources online, such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.abag.ca.gov/bayarea/eqmaps/fixit/plansets.html\">Plan Set A\u003c/a>, a guideline for retrofitting one's home that has been approved by building departments of several Bay Area municipalities such as Oakland and Hayward. Also on the Association of Bay Area Government's web site is a set of \u003ca href=\"http://www.abag.ca.gov/bayarea/eqmaps/fixit/ch3/sld002.htm\">schematics\u003c/a> illustrating shear wall construction. If you are interested in retrofitting your home, you should get quotes from several contractors, consult your city's building department to inquire about permits and possibly consult a structural engineer to perform a building analysis on your home. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> If you're like me, though, and don’t own a home but want to prepare for \"the big one,\" it's imperative to get an earthquake survival kit. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.redcrossstore.org/shopper/ProdList.aspx?LocationId=1&gclid=CJa4-_SvgpYCFQhJagodkF2aEQ\"><red Cross\u003c/a> sells earthquake survival kits but why not make your own, provided that it has water, first aid supplies, a flashlight, food rations and other essentials for you to survive 72 hours while waiting for emergency help. If you want to make your own kit, try the \u003ca href=\"http://quake.usgs.gov/prepare/future/now/supplies.html\">USGS\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.72hours.org/build_kit.html\">the city and county of San Francisco\u003c/a>, or helpful suggestions from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/chronicle/special/quakes/1.1.html\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-disaster17sep17-side,0,2504371.story\">LA Times\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> Living in earthquake country, it pays to be vigilant. I applaud the \u003ca href=\"http://1868alliance.org/\">1868 Hayward Earthquake Alliance\u003c/a>, a consortium of agencies that are raising awareness of the risk posed by the Hayward fault with a series of events aimed at educating the public about the importance of preparedness, including a city-wide drill in San Francisco on October 21st, the 140th anniversary of the 1868 Hayward earthquake. We may not be able to predict when exactly the next earthquake on the Hayward fault may occur but we can start planning today to mitigate its effects. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those who aren't familiar with the Hayward fault, check out our this link to the \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/haywardfault/\">USGS Google Earth tour over the fault\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/853/producers-notes-the-hayward-fault-predictable-peril","authors":["6176"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_11","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_37","quest_907","quest_1080","quest_1325","quest_3351","quest_2141","quest_2345","quest_2349","quest_2474","quest_2893","quest_3048"],"label":"quest"},"quest_696":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_696","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"696","score":null,"sort":[1215830151000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"reporters-notes-drugs-in-our-drinking-water","title":"Reporter's Notes: Drugs In Our Drinking Water","publishDate":1215830151,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/drugs-in-our-drinking-water\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/07/radio2-40_drugs_water3001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>It's tricky to talk about pharmaceuticals in the drinking water without risking two really unfortunate side effects: 1) Make people panic that their tap water is unsafe. 2) Send listeners running to Costco to buy pallet-loads of overpriced, highly packaged, and often dubiously-sourced bottled water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can never really say enough about \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacinst.org/topics/water_and_sustainability/bottled_water/bottled_water_and_energy.html\">everything that's wrong with bottled water \u003c/a>(which, by the way, adheres to lower safety standards than what comes out of your tap-– sorry, couldn’t resist!). But when it comes to drugs in the water, what strikes me as most interesting is what we know the least about: What do these tiny, tiny amounts of drugs mean to us humans?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"\u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus\">The dose makes the poison\u003c/a>\" is a mantra I hear constantly from public health experts (as well as my editors)– and it's worth considering. In other words: just because something exists does not mean it's affecting you. It's likely we're exposed to far more toxins in the act of, say, applying nail polish, or pumping a tank of gas, than we'll imbibe over a lifetime of drinking tap water. But it'll be interesting to watch this play out over the next decade or so, as scientists on all sides of the debate try and figure out what exactly effect our environment-– pharmaceuticals, nail polish, plastics, and countless other everyday substances-- is having on us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/drugs-in-our-drinking-water\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/drugs-in-our-drinking-water\">Listen to the Drugs In Our Drinking Water Radio report\u003c/a> online.\u003cbr>\n37.248999 -121.874981\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371080213,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":257},"headData":{"title":"Reporter's Notes: Drugs In Our Drinking Water | KQED","description":"It's tricky to talk about pharmaceuticals in the drinking water without risking two really unfortunate side effects: 1) Make people panic that their tap water is unsafe. 2) Send listeners running to Costco to buy pallet-loads of overpriced, highly packaged, and often dubiously-sourced bottled water. You can never really say enough about everything that's wrong","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Reporter's Notes: Drugs In Our Drinking Water","datePublished":"2008-07-12T02:35:51.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T23:36:53.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"696 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=696","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/07/11/reporters-notes-drugs-in-our-drinking-water/","disqusTitle":"Reporter's Notes: Drugs In Our Drinking Water","path":"/quest/696/reporters-notes-drugs-in-our-drinking-water","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/drugs-in-our-drinking-water\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/07/radio2-40_drugs_water3001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>It's tricky to talk about pharmaceuticals in the drinking water without risking two really unfortunate side effects: 1) Make people panic that their tap water is unsafe. 2) Send listeners running to Costco to buy pallet-loads of overpriced, highly packaged, and often dubiously-sourced bottled water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can never really say enough about \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacinst.org/topics/water_and_sustainability/bottled_water/bottled_water_and_energy.html\">everything that's wrong with bottled water \u003c/a>(which, by the way, adheres to lower safety standards than what comes out of your tap-– sorry, couldn’t resist!). But when it comes to drugs in the water, what strikes me as most interesting is what we know the least about: What do these tiny, tiny amounts of drugs mean to us humans?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"\u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus\">The dose makes the poison\u003c/a>\" is a mantra I hear constantly from public health experts (as well as my editors)– and it's worth considering. In other words: just because something exists does not mean it's affecting you. It's likely we're exposed to far more toxins in the act of, say, applying nail polish, or pumping a tank of gas, than we'll imbibe over a lifetime of drinking tap water. But it'll be interesting to watch this play out over the next decade or so, as scientists on all sides of the debate try and figure out what exactly effect our environment-– pharmaceuticals, nail polish, plastics, and countless other everyday substances-- is having on us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/drugs-in-our-drinking-water\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/drugs-in-our-drinking-water\">Listen to the Drugs In Our Drinking Water Radio report\u003c/a> online.\u003cbr>\n37.248999 -121.874981\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/696/reporters-notes-drugs-in-our-drinking-water","authors":["210"],"categories":["quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_883","quest_888","quest_1009","quest_13201","quest_1538","quest_3351","quest_1858","quest_2177","quest_2474","quest_2506","quest_2553","quest_2894","quest_2964","quest_3108"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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