Gulls Threaten South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Work
It Came From Mono Lake
When A Sanctuary Is No Longer A Sanctuary
Diving in Cordell Bank
Sponsored
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She recently completed a Master's degree in Media Psychology and Social Change.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c3bdb2a9870409707b8226dce56db415?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["manage_categories","leadcoordinator","subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Katie Jennings | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c3bdb2a9870409707b8226dce56db415?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c3bdb2a9870409707b8226dce56db415?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/katiejennings"},"llaffitte":{"type":"authors","id":"10443","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10443","found":true},"name":"Lucy Laffitte","firstName":"Lucy","lastName":"Laffitte","slug":"llaffitte","email":"llaffitte@unctv.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Lucy B. Laffitte, PhD has been a science communicator and environmental educator for over thirty years. She has produced in-class and on-line instructional design, curriculum development, and certificate programs to a variety of conservation organizations, including the Oregon Museum of Natural History, Tall Timbers Research Station, North Carolina Museum of Natural Science, Salt River Project, New England Wildflower Society, Rachel Carson Institute, and Nicholas School of the Environment. She has published in print and on air—writing a nature column for The Cape Codder and was the founding radio producer for the environmental program the Allegheny Front. She has a bachelor’s degree in natural science, from the University of Oregon, a Master’s in adult education and graphic design and a PhD in environmental resources from North Carolina State University. She has been science education consultant for UNCTV working on QUEST and NC Science Now since April 2013.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f786421b3099140394e99e97ca061fd3?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["coordinator","subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Lucy Laffitte | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f786421b3099140394e99e97ca061fd3?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f786421b3099140394e99e97ca061fd3?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/llaffitte"},"michaeljameswerner":{"type":"authors","id":"10446","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10446","found":true},"name":"Michael James Werner","firstName":"Michael James","lastName":"Werner","slug":"michaeljameswerner","email":"michaeljameswerner@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Michael Werner is an award-winning independent filmmaker, photographer and writer. His work has been featured in/by: The PBS NewsHour, HBO Films, The Associated Press, Earthfix, Oregon Field Guide, KCTS-9 Seattle, Voice of America TV, The World Channel, the U.S. Olympic Committee and the Cannes International Film Festival. In addition he is a former faculty member at the University of Oregon School of Journalism and holds a master’s degree in narrative journalism. In 2010 he spent five weeks exploring the Democratic Republic of the Congo for a documentary project and developed an appreciation for the taste of curried caterpillars.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc0abc1f27f40bdc9d4e0c17fcbe26b1?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["coordinator","subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Michael James Werner | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc0abc1f27f40bdc9d4e0c17fcbe26b1?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc0abc1f27f40bdc9d4e0c17fcbe26b1?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/michaeljameswerner"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_69053":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_69053","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"69053","score":null,"sort":[1397052041000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-watershed-moment","title":"A Watershed Moment","publishDate":1397052041,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>When the ribbon was cut on the Rocky Branch project, the stream that flowed through the heart of North Carolina State University was restored, but the university was transformed. Thirty years ago, Rocky Branch was given the dubious distinction of being the “most polluted stream” in the state of North Carolina. Today, it’s a model of restoration practices for the region. Before the restoration, the rain that fell during storms was considered a problem. The university’s management strategy was to get the rain off campus as quickly as possible. After the restoration, however, facilities management had a new appreciation for the rain that fell on campus. Watch as a university rises to the challenge of caring for the water that cycles through campus. This video is part of the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/surface-water-2/\">Surface Water \u003c/a> series.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pre-viewing Questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Imagine you are a civil engineer with earth-moving equipment. How would you restore a stream?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Imagine you’re a landscape architect. How would you design a rain garden?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Discussion Questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why has rain traditionally been a problem for cities?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How did the university manage streams in the past?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What methods did the university use to restore Rocky Branch Creek?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How were university organizations and students involved in the restoration of the area between the dorms?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What methods are now used to collect rainwater?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Post-viewing questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why do you think the stream restoration changed the way the university handles stormwater?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Extension Activity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Design a rain garden for your school.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Links to Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://wikiwatershed.org/model.html\" target=\"_blank\">Model My Watershed\u003c/a>, Stroud Water Research Center This innovative and intuitive Web-based hydrologic model uses real GIS data and an authentic, professional-grade model to illustrate the impact of current land use on local hydrology. It allows users to change local conditions to see how best management practices decrease runoff.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/programs/extension/wqg/srp/2010conference/pdfs/bdoll.generalsession.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Urban Stream Restoration: A Focus on Rocky Branch\u003c/a>, North Carolina Sea Grant This PowerPoint presentation shows before and after images of the Rocky Branch restoration in Raleigh, North Carolina.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/action/adopt/index.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">Adopt Your Watershed\u003c/a>, EPA This database of watershed groups tells you where to find out how to participate as a volunteer in water quality monitoring, stream cleanups and storm drain marking.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/waters/ir/\" target=\"_blank\">Water Quality Assessment\u003c/a>, EPA This site provides information reported by each state about the conditions in the surface water.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://science.unctv.org/content/explainer-raincatchers\">Raincatchers,\u003c/a> UNC-TV An educational \"kit\" about how the City of Durham, North Carolina is evaluating the benefits of rain gardens in a cluster of yards. Digital kit includes a 5-minute video, pdf infographic, photogallery, and career biography of a water quality engineer.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Next Generation Science Standards\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Evaluate or refine a technological solution that reduces impacts of human activities on natural systems. \u003cstrong>HS-ESS3-4\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea:\u003c/strong> The sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources. \u003cstrong>ESS3.C\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Crosscutting Concept:\u003c/strong> Stability and change\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Engineering Practice:\u003c/strong> Constructing explanations and designing solutions\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Watch as a university rises to the challenge of caring for the water that cycles through campus.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450484594,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":493},"headData":{"title":"A Watershed Moment | KQED","description":"Watch as a university rises to the challenge of caring for the water that cycles through campus.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"A Watershed Moment","datePublished":"2014-04-09T14:00:41.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-19T00:23:14.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"69053 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=69053","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/04/09/a-watershed-moment/","disqusTitle":"A Watershed Moment","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h4rmj7QVyJQ","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/69053/a-watershed-moment","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When the ribbon was cut on the Rocky Branch project, the stream that flowed through the heart of North Carolina State University was restored, but the university was transformed. Thirty years ago, Rocky Branch was given the dubious distinction of being the “most polluted stream” in the state of North Carolina. Today, it’s a model of restoration practices for the region. Before the restoration, the rain that fell during storms was considered a problem. The university’s management strategy was to get the rain off campus as quickly as possible. After the restoration, however, facilities management had a new appreciation for the rain that fell on campus. Watch as a university rises to the challenge of caring for the water that cycles through campus. This video is part of the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/surface-water-2/\">Surface Water \u003c/a> series.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pre-viewing Questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Imagine you are a civil engineer with earth-moving equipment. How would you restore a stream?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Imagine you’re a landscape architect. How would you design a rain garden?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Discussion Questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why has rain traditionally been a problem for cities?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How did the university manage streams in the past?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What methods did the university use to restore Rocky Branch Creek?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How were university organizations and students involved in the restoration of the area between the dorms?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What methods are now used to collect rainwater?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Post-viewing questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why do you think the stream restoration changed the way the university handles stormwater?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Extension Activity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Design a rain garden for your school.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Links to Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://wikiwatershed.org/model.html\" target=\"_blank\">Model My Watershed\u003c/a>, Stroud Water Research Center This innovative and intuitive Web-based hydrologic model uses real GIS data and an authentic, professional-grade model to illustrate the impact of current land use on local hydrology. It allows users to change local conditions to see how best management practices decrease runoff.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/programs/extension/wqg/srp/2010conference/pdfs/bdoll.generalsession.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Urban Stream Restoration: A Focus on Rocky Branch\u003c/a>, North Carolina Sea Grant This PowerPoint presentation shows before and after images of the Rocky Branch restoration in Raleigh, North Carolina.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/action/adopt/index.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">Adopt Your Watershed\u003c/a>, EPA This database of watershed groups tells you where to find out how to participate as a volunteer in water quality monitoring, stream cleanups and storm drain marking.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/waters/ir/\" target=\"_blank\">Water Quality Assessment\u003c/a>, EPA This site provides information reported by each state about the conditions in the surface water.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://science.unctv.org/content/explainer-raincatchers\">Raincatchers,\u003c/a> UNC-TV An educational \"kit\" about how the City of Durham, North Carolina is evaluating the benefits of rain gardens in a cluster of yards. Digital kit includes a 5-minute video, pdf infographic, photogallery, and career biography of a water quality engineer.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Next Generation Science Standards\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Evaluate or refine a technological solution that reduces impacts of human activities on natural systems. \u003cstrong>HS-ESS3-4\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea:\u003c/strong> The sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources. \u003cstrong>ESS3.C\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Crosscutting Concept:\u003c/strong> Stability and change\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Engineering Practice:\u003c/strong> Constructing explanations and designing solutions\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/69053/a-watershed-moment","authors":["10443"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_3233","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_1171","quest_12794","quest_12342","quest_10427","quest_2363","quest_2423","quest_12640"],"collections":["quest_12824"],"featImg":"quest_69339","label":"source_quest_69053"},"quest_61358":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_61358","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"61358","score":null,"sort":[1382536859000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-river-returns","title":"A River Returns","publishDate":1382536859,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71013 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Quest_EMMYwin.jpg\" alt=\"Quest_EMMYwin\" width=\"173\" height=\"120\">Sunlight streaks through the leafy canopy, painting the Elwha River and surrounding forest in dappled light. Two men in chest waders splash through the swift-moving current, kicking up mushroom clouds of silt. Their eyes scan the shallows as they make their way downstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John McMillan, a fish biologist with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Jeff Duda, a research ecologist with the U.S. Geological Survey, are here looking for steelhead and salmon nests, or redds, where fish have laid eggs. The signs are subtle but unmistakable to their trained eyes — a depression in the river bottom and disturbed gravel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McMillan and Duda are just two of the many scientists from federal and state agencies and the local Native American tribe, who are studying the dramatic changes taking place on this river. Two massive hydroelectric dams are in the process of being removed. And these scientists are trying to understand how the largest dam removal project in the nation’s history is impacting fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to see how fast these fish recolonize after the dams have been removed,” McMillan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Elwha River in western Washington State was once home to one of the biggest salmon runs in the continental United States. But in the early 1900s two dams were built on this pristine river, which today lies mostly within the protected confines of Olympic National Park. The dams provided power to the nearby town of Port Angeles and helped the frontier community grow and thrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62677\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-62677 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2.jpg\" alt=\"Elwha_dam2\" width=\"403\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The two dams on the Elwha River were built without fish ladders and prevented salmon from swimming upstream.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the dams were built without fish ladders and had devastating consequences for fish; salmon returning from the ocean to spawn were cut off from their natal waters. Only the lower five miles of the 45-mile river were accessible to them. Over time the dams starved those five miles of the sediment salmon need for building their nests. The diminished and degraded habitat decimated fish populations in a river once known for producing 100-pound salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Lower Elwha Klallam tribe, which has relied on the river for sustenance and its spiritual traditions for thousands of years, has been fighting for nearly 100 years to have the dams removed. In the early 1990s, Congress finally authorized dam removal as a way to help restore the river and its salmon runs. But it would take another two decades to secure funding for the $300 million project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dam removal began in 2011 and will connect the headwaters of the Elwha with the mouth of the river. The project is expected to be completed by 2014. One of the major challenges in removing the dams was figuring out how to deal with all the sediment stored behind the dams – enough sediment to fill 11 NFL football stadiums. To deal with the sediment, construction crews are taking the dams down gradually, piece by piece, rather than dynamiting them. Even so, the river is swollen with sediment. And the physical shape of the river is changing as the river deposits sediment along its banks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62681\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-62681 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2.jpg\" alt=\"Elwha_Boat_and_net2\" width=\"403\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Beirne, a scientist with the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, nets juvenile fish to study how the dam removal is impacting them.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This place is changing every day,” Duda said. “Every time I come out there’s something new, something different.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In five to 10 years, the sediment is expected to make its way downstream and the river will run clear once again. But for now, salmon returning to the river face some harsh conditions. Sediment can clog their gills and make it difficult to find food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost like you’re tearing off a Band-Aid,” Duda said. “You have to go through a little bit of pain in order to get to that final state of healing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this day, McMillan and Duda walked the main channel of the Elwha River between the lower dam and the upper dam. The swift-flowing river, suffused with fine sediment from dam removal, ran a milky gray. McMillan fixed a keen eye on the clearer water near shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They dug here! These are digs!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So you think this [is a nest] right here?” Duda said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a redd clearly,” McMillan replied. “It’s the first redd we’ve found by a steelhead in the mainstem Elwha River.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's still a long way to go, but McMillan and Duda are hopeful that salmon and steelhead will thrive here once again.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In Washington state, a river once known for its abundant salmon run is getting a second chance. The Elwha River dams, which decimated salmon populations and profoundly altered the ecosystem, are coming down and hopes are high that salmon will return. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457565342,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":777},"headData":{"title":"A River Returns | KQED","description":"In Washington state, a river once known for its abundant salmon run is getting a second chance. The Elwha River dams, which decimated salmon populations and profoundly altered the ecosystem, are coming down and hopes are high that salmon will return. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"A River Returns","datePublished":"2013-10-23T14:00:59.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-09T23:15:42.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"61358 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=61358","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/10/23/a-river-returns/","disqusTitle":"A River Returns","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_TfjRG9RxL8","path":"/quest/61358/a-river-returns","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71013 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Quest_EMMYwin.jpg\" alt=\"Quest_EMMYwin\" width=\"173\" height=\"120\">Sunlight streaks through the leafy canopy, painting the Elwha River and surrounding forest in dappled light. Two men in chest waders splash through the swift-moving current, kicking up mushroom clouds of silt. Their eyes scan the shallows as they make their way downstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John McMillan, a fish biologist with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Jeff Duda, a research ecologist with the U.S. Geological Survey, are here looking for steelhead and salmon nests, or redds, where fish have laid eggs. The signs are subtle but unmistakable to their trained eyes — a depression in the river bottom and disturbed gravel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McMillan and Duda are just two of the many scientists from federal and state agencies and the local Native American tribe, who are studying the dramatic changes taking place on this river. Two massive hydroelectric dams are in the process of being removed. And these scientists are trying to understand how the largest dam removal project in the nation’s history is impacting fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to see how fast these fish recolonize after the dams have been removed,” McMillan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Elwha River in western Washington State was once home to one of the biggest salmon runs in the continental United States. But in the early 1900s two dams were built on this pristine river, which today lies mostly within the protected confines of Olympic National Park. The dams provided power to the nearby town of Port Angeles and helped the frontier community grow and thrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62677\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-62677 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2.jpg\" alt=\"Elwha_dam2\" width=\"403\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The two dams on the Elwha River were built without fish ladders and prevented salmon from swimming upstream.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the dams were built without fish ladders and had devastating consequences for fish; salmon returning from the ocean to spawn were cut off from their natal waters. Only the lower five miles of the 45-mile river were accessible to them. Over time the dams starved those five miles of the sediment salmon need for building their nests. The diminished and degraded habitat decimated fish populations in a river once known for producing 100-pound salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Lower Elwha Klallam tribe, which has relied on the river for sustenance and its spiritual traditions for thousands of years, has been fighting for nearly 100 years to have the dams removed. In the early 1990s, Congress finally authorized dam removal as a way to help restore the river and its salmon runs. But it would take another two decades to secure funding for the $300 million project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dam removal began in 2011 and will connect the headwaters of the Elwha with the mouth of the river. The project is expected to be completed by 2014. One of the major challenges in removing the dams was figuring out how to deal with all the sediment stored behind the dams – enough sediment to fill 11 NFL football stadiums. To deal with the sediment, construction crews are taking the dams down gradually, piece by piece, rather than dynamiting them. Even so, the river is swollen with sediment. And the physical shape of the river is changing as the river deposits sediment along its banks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62681\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-62681 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2.jpg\" alt=\"Elwha_Boat_and_net2\" width=\"403\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Beirne, a scientist with the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, nets juvenile fish to study how the dam removal is impacting them.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This place is changing every day,” Duda said. “Every time I come out there’s something new, something different.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In five to 10 years, the sediment is expected to make its way downstream and the river will run clear once again. But for now, salmon returning to the river face some harsh conditions. Sediment can clog their gills and make it difficult to find food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost like you’re tearing off a Band-Aid,” Duda said. “You have to go through a little bit of pain in order to get to that final state of healing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this day, McMillan and Duda walked the main channel of the Elwha River between the lower dam and the upper dam. The swift-flowing river, suffused with fine sediment from dam removal, ran a milky gray. McMillan fixed a keen eye on the clearer water near shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They dug here! These are digs!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So you think this [is a nest] right here?” Duda said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a redd clearly,” McMillan replied. “It’s the first redd we’ve found by a steelhead in the mainstem Elwha River.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's still a long way to go, but McMillan and Duda are hopeful that salmon and steelhead will thrive here once again.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/61358/a-river-returns","authors":["10446","10425"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_3422","quest_3233","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_68","quest_326","quest_12007","quest_12125","quest_924","quest_11940","quest_11176","quest_1022","quest_12269","quest_12326","quest_12249","quest_2001","quest_12517","quest_12327","quest_12325","quest_12146","quest_3736","quest_2423","quest_2477","quest_2576","quest_12328","quest_2786","quest_2893","quest_3048","quest_3071","quest_10210"],"featImg":"quest_62677","label":"quest"},"quest_60340":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_60340","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"60340","score":null,"sort":[1382450404000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"restoring-oyster-reefs","title":"Restoring Oyster Reefs","publishDate":1382450404,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“He was a brave man that first ate an oyster.” \u003c/strong>- satirist Jonathan Swift (1667–1745)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one knows who that brave soul was who first shucked an oyster, but we do know that by the late 1800s millions of pounds of salty, slimy oyster meat were being harvested from places like North Carolina’s Outer Banks and shipped across the country. The secret was out: raw, steamed, grilled, or fried, oysters were on the menu from coast to coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62171\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/boat_archives.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-62171 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/boat_archives-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Scientists estimate the current North Carolina wild oyster population is 50% of what it was 100 years ago. This archive photo was provided by NC State University.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists estimate the current North Carolina wild oyster population is 50% of what it was 100 years ago. Archive photo provided by NC State University.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As the demand for oysters increased, fishermen began using more sophisticated tools -- like mechanical dredge boats -- to boost their catch. And boy, were they successful! Marine scientists generally place the current oyster population at around 50 percent of what it was a century ago. And some estimates claim areas like \u003ca href=\"http://www.nccoast.org/Content.aspx?key=0dec568b-85f4-4e84-86d1-8a449db4055f&title=Oyster+Habitat\">North Carolina’s Pamlico Sound\u003c/a> are at 10 percent of the levels that existed in the early 20th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the reasons that populations have been so decimated and haven’t been able to come back has to do with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncseagrant.org/home/coastwatch/coastwatch-articles?task=showArticle&id=750\">habitat needs of the oyster\u003c/a>. Baby oysters, or spat, literally grow on the backs of their ancestors. Spat swim in the water column until they can latch on to a suitable surface. More often than not, that surface is an established oyster reef made up of generations of older oysters. As wild oyster harvesting increased, the reefs diminished and baby oysters had no place to anchor. The oyster population plummeted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this isn’t just another “\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncseagrant.org/home/coastwatch?task=showArticle&view=listarticles&id=750\">species of special concern\u003c/a>” story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out that oysters are indispensable to the marine ecosystem. Aside from their role as a viable fishery, oyster reefs provide three main ecosystem services. They stabilize shorelines by breaking up wave energy, they provide habitat for hundreds of marine organisms such as crabs and barnacles and, perhaps most importantly, they help filter the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Islo0nEmJU8]\u003cbr>\nA\u003cem>dult\u003c/em> o\u003cem>ysters can filter up to 50 gallons of water a day. In this one hour timelapse video, you can see a decrease in the levels of turbidity, or murk, in the water.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Filter-feeding oysters transfer nutrients (including nitrogen) from the water to the bottom. \u003ca href=\"http://blog.nature.org/science/2013/09/10/restoring-oyster-reefs/\">That’s a good thing, not only for the marine ecosystem but also for humans\u003c/a>. Studies estimate that oyster-reef sediments remove 25 percent more nitrogen than areas without oysters. An excess of nitrogen in the water promotes algal blooms that shade underwater vegetation and can lower the dissolved oxygen levels. Loss of underwater vegetation and low oxygen are increasingly common in coastal ecosystems. They can result in undesirable impacts ranging from reduced water clarity to fewer fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62167\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Oysters3.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-62167\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Oysters3-450x229.jpg\" alt=\"Scientists with UNC Chapel Hill use laser scanners to determine the best location for future reefs. Photo by David Huppert\" width=\"450\" height=\"229\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists with UNC Chapel Hill use laser scanners to determine the best location for future reefs. Photo by David Huppert\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In North Carolina, and around the country, initiatives to restore oyster reefs can become a political, cultural, environmental, and economic quagmire. There are many competing interests at stake, from the livelihood of fishermen to government oversight to downstream water-quality issues. Scientists have long studied the many ecosystem services provided by oysters and are now stepping into the fray armed with data to prove where, why, and how to restore oyster reefs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, the brave ones aren’t those eating the oysters. Rather, they are the men and women charged with keeping oysters in our waters and on our plates, now and into the future.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In this video, scientists wade through marshes along North Carolina’s coast on a mission to restore oyster reefs, which are critical to the health of our marine ecosystems.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457565217,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":604},"headData":{"title":"Restoring Oyster Reefs | KQED","description":"In this video, scientists wade through marshes along North Carolina’s coast on a mission to restore oyster reefs, which are critical to the health of our marine ecosystems.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Restoring Oyster Reefs","datePublished":"2013-10-22T14:00:04.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-09T23:13:37.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"60340 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=60340","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/10/22/restoring-oyster-reefs/","disqusTitle":"Restoring Oyster Reefs","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iSjkQsH-QsQ","path":"/quest/60340/restoring-oyster-reefs","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“He was a brave man that first ate an oyster.” \u003c/strong>- satirist Jonathan Swift (1667–1745)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one knows who that brave soul was who first shucked an oyster, but we do know that by the late 1800s millions of pounds of salty, slimy oyster meat were being harvested from places like North Carolina’s Outer Banks and shipped across the country. The secret was out: raw, steamed, grilled, or fried, oysters were on the menu from coast to coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62171\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/boat_archives.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-62171 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/boat_archives-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Scientists estimate the current North Carolina wild oyster population is 50% of what it was 100 years ago. This archive photo was provided by NC State University.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists estimate the current North Carolina wild oyster population is 50% of what it was 100 years ago. Archive photo provided by NC State University.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As the demand for oysters increased, fishermen began using more sophisticated tools -- like mechanical dredge boats -- to boost their catch. And boy, were they successful! Marine scientists generally place the current oyster population at around 50 percent of what it was a century ago. And some estimates claim areas like \u003ca href=\"http://www.nccoast.org/Content.aspx?key=0dec568b-85f4-4e84-86d1-8a449db4055f&title=Oyster+Habitat\">North Carolina’s Pamlico Sound\u003c/a> are at 10 percent of the levels that existed in the early 20th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the reasons that populations have been so decimated and haven’t been able to come back has to do with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncseagrant.org/home/coastwatch/coastwatch-articles?task=showArticle&id=750\">habitat needs of the oyster\u003c/a>. Baby oysters, or spat, literally grow on the backs of their ancestors. Spat swim in the water column until they can latch on to a suitable surface. More often than not, that surface is an established oyster reef made up of generations of older oysters. As wild oyster harvesting increased, the reefs diminished and baby oysters had no place to anchor. The oyster population plummeted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this isn’t just another “\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncseagrant.org/home/coastwatch?task=showArticle&view=listarticles&id=750\">species of special concern\u003c/a>” story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out that oysters are indispensable to the marine ecosystem. Aside from their role as a viable fishery, oyster reefs provide three main ecosystem services. They stabilize shorelines by breaking up wave energy, they provide habitat for hundreds of marine organisms such as crabs and barnacles and, perhaps most importantly, they help filter the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Islo0nEmJU8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Islo0nEmJU8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nA\u003cem>dult\u003c/em> o\u003cem>ysters can filter up to 50 gallons of water a day. In this one hour timelapse video, you can see a decrease in the levels of turbidity, or murk, in the water.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Filter-feeding oysters transfer nutrients (including nitrogen) from the water to the bottom. \u003ca href=\"http://blog.nature.org/science/2013/09/10/restoring-oyster-reefs/\">That’s a good thing, not only for the marine ecosystem but also for humans\u003c/a>. Studies estimate that oyster-reef sediments remove 25 percent more nitrogen than areas without oysters. An excess of nitrogen in the water promotes algal blooms that shade underwater vegetation and can lower the dissolved oxygen levels. Loss of underwater vegetation and low oxygen are increasingly common in coastal ecosystems. They can result in undesirable impacts ranging from reduced water clarity to fewer fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62167\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Oysters3.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-62167\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Oysters3-450x229.jpg\" alt=\"Scientists with UNC Chapel Hill use laser scanners to determine the best location for future reefs. Photo by David Huppert\" width=\"450\" height=\"229\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists with UNC Chapel Hill use laser scanners to determine the best location for future reefs. Photo by David Huppert\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In North Carolina, and around the country, initiatives to restore oyster reefs can become a political, cultural, environmental, and economic quagmire. There are many competing interests at stake, from the livelihood of fishermen to government oversight to downstream water-quality issues. Scientists have long studied the many ecosystem services provided by oysters and are now stepping into the fray armed with data to prove where, why, and how to restore oyster reefs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, the brave ones aren’t those eating the oysters. Rather, they are the men and women charged with keeping oysters in our waters and on our plates, now and into the future.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/60340/restoring-oyster-reefs","authors":["10296"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_3229","quest_3422","quest_3233","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_1099","quest_12269","quest_10388","quest_2034","quest_12347","quest_11489","quest_2141","quest_12186","quest_2349","quest_10427","quest_12346","quest_2423","quest_2530","quest_13364","quest_2893","quest_12348","quest_10363","quest_10303","quest_3071","quest_3108"],"featImg":"quest_62164","label":"quest"},"quest_45614":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_45614","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"45614","score":null,"sort":[1349452049000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"slideshow-an-early-fall-flight-around-the-bay","title":"Slideshow: An Early Fall Flight Around the Bay ","publishDate":1349452049,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Last week I went on an aerial tour of the San Francisco Bay. David Lewis, the executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.savesfbay.org/\">Save the Bay\u003c/a>, narrated. Bill Rush, a volunteer pilot with \u003ca href=\"http://www.lighthawk.org/\">LightHawk\u003c/a>, flew the plane. We saw tidal marsh and salt ponds; the cities, highways and industry that ring the Bay; and a good amount of fog. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was my first time in such a small plane, and I was surprised at how different it was from approaching SFO in a 747.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I kind of felt like I was playing hooky, even though it was for work. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/The_Bay_From_the_Air_slideshow/_files/iframe.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Want more details on the places in the photos? Here are a few notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cargill's Development Plans\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nKQED Science reporter Lauren Sommer did a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/rough-waters-for-sea-level-rise-planning/\">story\u003c/a> about the proposed Saltworks project last year. Right now the project is on hold, while the developer \u003ca href=\"http://www.rcsaltworks.com/\">DMB Associates\u003c/a> revises its plans. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ravenswood Salt Pond\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nCargill sold it to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/desfbay/\">Don Edwards National Wildlife Refuge\u003c/a>. It's now part of the biggest wetland restoration effort on the West Coast. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oracle and SFO\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIf you want to see how sea level rise will affect low-lying shoreline areas, try \u003ca href=\"http://sealevel.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central's interactive map\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fog\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWatch a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-science-of-fog/\">video from Quest\u003c/a> about the science of fog. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Rock Quarry\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nHere it is \u003ca href=\"https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=213807471835276999612.0004cb42a116d93f06caf&msa=0&ll=37.993051,-122.475929&spn=0.103492,0.154324\">on a map\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Highway 37\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAn \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinij.com/novato/ci_21437499/is-highway-37-destined-become-new-waterway\">article in the Marin I-J\u003c/a> from last month, which includes the notable quote, \"how not to have everyone commuting by gondola,\" says that though Caltrans is aware of the threat from sea level rise, there's currently no money to do anything about it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Napa-Sonoma Marsh\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nCargill had salt ponds in the North bay, too. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/lands/wa/region3/nsmwa/goals.html\">Napa-Sonoma Marsh\u003c/a> now belongs to the California Department of Fish and game. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Refinery\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nCurious about where all the oil refineries are in the Bay Area and California? The \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.ca.gov/maps/powerplants/refinery_locations.html\">California Energy Commission has a map\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Salt Ponds\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nCargill does still \u003ca href=\"http://www.cargill.com/corporate-responsibility/environmental-sustainability/san-francisco-bay-salt/environmental-renaissance/salt-pioneer-industry/index.jsp\">harvest salt\u003c/a> here. If you want to explore former salt ponds in the Don Edwards National Wildlife Refuge, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/science-hike/don-edwards-sf-bay-national-wildlife-refuge-exploration/\">here's a guide\u003c/a>. (Plus, there's great birding there -- and we're just getting to the season for it.)\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Take a low-flying trip around the Bay (in photos).","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1390006016,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/The_Bay_From_the_Air_slideshow/_files/iframe.html"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":357},"headData":{"title":"Slideshow: An Early Fall Flight Around the Bay | KQED","description":"Take a low-flying trip around the Bay (in photos).","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Slideshow: An Early Fall Flight Around the Bay ","datePublished":"2012-10-05T15:47:29.000Z","dateModified":"2014-01-18T00:46:56.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"45614 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=slideshows&p=45614","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/05/slideshow-an-early-fall-flight-around-the-bay/","disqusTitle":"Slideshow: An Early Fall Flight Around the Bay ","path":"/quest/45614/slideshow-an-early-fall-flight-around-the-bay","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Last week I went on an aerial tour of the San Francisco Bay. David Lewis, the executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.savesfbay.org/\">Save the Bay\u003c/a>, narrated. Bill Rush, a volunteer pilot with \u003ca href=\"http://www.lighthawk.org/\">LightHawk\u003c/a>, flew the plane. We saw tidal marsh and salt ponds; the cities, highways and industry that ring the Bay; and a good amount of fog. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was my first time in such a small plane, and I was surprised at how different it was from approaching SFO in a 747.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I kind of felt like I was playing hooky, even though it was for work. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/The_Bay_From_the_Air_slideshow/_files/iframe.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Want more details on the places in the photos? Here are a few notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cargill's Development Plans\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nKQED Science reporter Lauren Sommer did a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/rough-waters-for-sea-level-rise-planning/\">story\u003c/a> about the proposed Saltworks project last year. Right now the project is on hold, while the developer \u003ca href=\"http://www.rcsaltworks.com/\">DMB Associates\u003c/a> revises its plans. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ravenswood Salt Pond\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nCargill sold it to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/desfbay/\">Don Edwards National Wildlife Refuge\u003c/a>. It's now part of the biggest wetland restoration effort on the West Coast. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oracle and SFO\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIf you want to see how sea level rise will affect low-lying shoreline areas, try \u003ca href=\"http://sealevel.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central's interactive map\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fog\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWatch a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-science-of-fog/\">video from Quest\u003c/a> about the science of fog. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Rock Quarry\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nHere it is \u003ca href=\"https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=213807471835276999612.0004cb42a116d93f06caf&msa=0&ll=37.993051,-122.475929&spn=0.103492,0.154324\">on a map\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Highway 37\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAn \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinij.com/novato/ci_21437499/is-highway-37-destined-become-new-waterway\">article in the Marin I-J\u003c/a> from last month, which includes the notable quote, \"how not to have everyone commuting by gondola,\" says that though Caltrans is aware of the threat from sea level rise, there's currently no money to do anything about it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Napa-Sonoma Marsh\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nCargill had salt ponds in the North bay, too. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/lands/wa/region3/nsmwa/goals.html\">Napa-Sonoma Marsh\u003c/a> now belongs to the California Department of Fish and game. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Refinery\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nCurious about where all the oil refineries are in the Bay Area and California? The \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.ca.gov/maps/powerplants/refinery_locations.html\">California Energy Commission has a map\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Salt Ponds\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nCargill does still \u003ca href=\"http://www.cargill.com/corporate-responsibility/environmental-sustainability/san-francisco-bay-salt/environmental-renaissance/salt-pioneer-industry/index.jsp\">harvest salt\u003c/a> here. If you want to explore former salt ponds in the Don Edwards National Wildlife Refuge, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/science-hike/don-edwards-sf-bay-national-wildlife-refuge-exploration/\">here's a guide\u003c/a>. (Plus, there's great birding there -- and we're just getting to the season for it.)\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/45614/slideshow-an-early-fall-flight-around-the-bay","authors":["200"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_6","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_11518","quest_3415","quest_2423","quest_2487","quest_2559","quest_2658"],"featImg":"quest_45666","label":"quest"},"quest_21396":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_21396","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"21396","score":null,"sort":[1311966042000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"rough-waters-for-sea-level-rise-planning","title":"Rough Waters for Sea Level Rise Planning","publishDate":1311966042,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":3359,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/08/2011-08-01-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21399\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Saltworks-640.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Saltworks-640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Saltworks-640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-21399\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salt ponds in Redwood City where the new Saltworks development is proposed. Photo: Lauren Sommer.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What do Bay Area airports and some big Silicon Valley companies have in common? They sit right on the edge of San Francisco Bay, where sea level rise is expected to have a big impact by the end of the century. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may seem far in the future, but state agencies are preparing for climate change now by writing new rules for construction along the bay's shoreline. As you can imagine, developers and environmentalists aren't exactly seeing eye to eye. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's evident on a patch of land at the edge of the bay in Redwood City. For more than a century, it's been home to one thing: salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As you look out, you can see it looks sort of like a frozen pond,\" says David Smith, a Senior Vice President with DMB Associates. He's standing next to flat, industrial ponds filled with crystallizing salt. \"On a typical season, you would hope to establish a layer of 8 to 12 inches.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cargill.com/salt/\">Cargill Salt\u003c/a> owns these ponds as part of their salt-harvesting operations. Smith is with a developer that's working with Cargill on a different vision for these more than 1400 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Welcome to the Redwood City Saltworks site,\" he says. \u003ca href=\"http://www.rcsaltworks.com/\">Saltworks\u003c/a> is DMB's proposal for 8,000 to 12,000 new housing units. \"Half of the site would be dedicated to open spaces uses including tidal marsh restoration and then the other half would be this integrated, transit-oriented development.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith says it's housing that's sorely needed in the Bay Area. \"You have had the explosion of economic success of Silicon Valley. We should be ashamed of our inability or unwillingness to provide housing to support those workers and that economic activity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Lewis, Executive Director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.savesfbay.org/\">Save the Bay\u003c/a>, is on the other side of the issue. \"This site is not a site for housing,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Salt ponds in Redwood City are actually one of the last unprotected areas that could be restored to tidal marsh for San Francisco Bay.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seems like a pretty typical story: a developer wants prime land to build on and environmental groups want to see wildlife habitat restored. But there's a twist, as David Smith points to on one particular map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bay Waters Rising\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we're looking at is a blue inundation zone and it depicts the projections for sea level rise for the region around Redwood City,\" Smith says, pointing to map showing the low-lying parts of the bay's shoreline at risk from sea level rise – which includes the land we're standing on. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith says their plan calls for a three mile levee to protect the development from the bay. Projections from state scientists show sea level could rise by nearly six feet by the end of the century. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We'd like to ignore it. But if we ignore it, we're ignoring it at our own economic peril,\" says Will Travis, Executive Director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/\">Bay Conservation and Development Commission\u003c/a>. BCDC is the state agency with jurisdiction over the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're building things now that will be around for a hundred years. And we should, we believe, think about how those cities, how those communities will remain viable and sustainable,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BCDC is \u003ca href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/proposed_bay_plan/bp_amend_1-08.shtml\">writing new regulations\u003c/a> for development along the shore, which they'll use in future permitting decisions. They've been guided by a state plan from the Schwarzenegger administration called the California Climate Adaptation Strategy. It discourages building in low-lying areas and encourages wetland restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Wetlands are wonderful for dealing with climate change. Wetlands soak up flood water. So the wider the wetland in the front, the lower the levee can be in the back,\" says Travis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Battle Over Shoreline Rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when BCDC released the first draft of its new development policy two years ago, the agency faced a wave of protest, especially from folks who see bay front property as prime real estate. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It tried to do too much too fast,\" says Jim Wunderman, president of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareacouncil.org/\">Bay Area Council\u003c/a>, a group representing business interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We should be absolutely concerned about sea level rise, but we shouldn't allow the concern about it to say let's just stop doing everything,\" he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of bay-front cities had the same complaint. Public meetings got ugly. \"People said things that they probably weren't proud of when the meeting was over and I know we've had epithets hurled at us,\" says Wunderman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So BCDC backed off a little, saying that new development would be considered on a case by case basis. David Lewis of Save the Bay says those changes concern him, because the policy is leading the way for others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most small cities don't have the resources to change the way they plan and permit developments with a big change like sea level rise. I think BCDC's at the forefront and it should be brave about doing the right thing,\" says Lewis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will Travis of BCDC says the changes were necessary, so the plan works for the dozens of cities it involves. \"We want to achieve environmental protection. We have to, but not at the expense of regional prosperity. So we're trying to achieve that balance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge, Travis says, is making a global issue like climate change part of regional planning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A society likes dealing with climate change at the abstract. It's when you actually get down to doing something about it that people have concerns.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, BCDC expects to finalize the sea level rise policy that will govern development along San Francisco Bay for years to come.\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003ch3>Additional Links\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/proposed_bay_plan/bp_amend_1-08.shtml\">More about BCDC's Sea Level Rise Plan\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/planning/climate_change/index_map.shtml\">San Francisco Bay Sea Level Rise Map\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"What do Bay Area airports and some big Silicon Valley companies have in common? They sit right on the edge of San Francisco Bay, where sea level rise is expected to have a big impact by the end of the century. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1313430366,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":998},"headData":{"title":"Rough Waters for Sea Level Rise Planning | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Rough Waters for Sea Level Rise Planning","datePublished":"2011-07-29T19:00:42.000Z","dateModified":"2011-08-15T17:46:06.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"21396 http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/rough-waters-for-sea-level-rise-planning/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/29/rough-waters-for-sea-level-rise-planning/","disqusTitle":"Rough Waters for Sea Level Rise Planning","path":"/quest/21396/rough-waters-for-sea-level-rise-planning","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/08/2011-08-01-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/08/2011-08-01-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21399\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Saltworks-640.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Saltworks-640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Saltworks-640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-21399\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salt ponds in Redwood City where the new Saltworks development is proposed. Photo: Lauren Sommer.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What do Bay Area airports and some big Silicon Valley companies have in common? They sit right on the edge of San Francisco Bay, where sea level rise is expected to have a big impact by the end of the century. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may seem far in the future, but state agencies are preparing for climate change now by writing new rules for construction along the bay's shoreline. As you can imagine, developers and environmentalists aren't exactly seeing eye to eye. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's evident on a patch of land at the edge of the bay in Redwood City. For more than a century, it's been home to one thing: salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As you look out, you can see it looks sort of like a frozen pond,\" says David Smith, a Senior Vice President with DMB Associates. He's standing next to flat, industrial ponds filled with crystallizing salt. \"On a typical season, you would hope to establish a layer of 8 to 12 inches.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cargill.com/salt/\">Cargill Salt\u003c/a> owns these ponds as part of their salt-harvesting operations. Smith is with a developer that's working with Cargill on a different vision for these more than 1400 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Welcome to the Redwood City Saltworks site,\" he says. \u003ca href=\"http://www.rcsaltworks.com/\">Saltworks\u003c/a> is DMB's proposal for 8,000 to 12,000 new housing units. \"Half of the site would be dedicated to open spaces uses including tidal marsh restoration and then the other half would be this integrated, transit-oriented development.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith says it's housing that's sorely needed in the Bay Area. \"You have had the explosion of economic success of Silicon Valley. We should be ashamed of our inability or unwillingness to provide housing to support those workers and that economic activity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Lewis, Executive Director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.savesfbay.org/\">Save the Bay\u003c/a>, is on the other side of the issue. \"This site is not a site for housing,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Salt ponds in Redwood City are actually one of the last unprotected areas that could be restored to tidal marsh for San Francisco Bay.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seems like a pretty typical story: a developer wants prime land to build on and environmental groups want to see wildlife habitat restored. But there's a twist, as David Smith points to on one particular map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bay Waters Rising\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we're looking at is a blue inundation zone and it depicts the projections for sea level rise for the region around Redwood City,\" Smith says, pointing to map showing the low-lying parts of the bay's shoreline at risk from sea level rise – which includes the land we're standing on. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith says their plan calls for a three mile levee to protect the development from the bay. Projections from state scientists show sea level could rise by nearly six feet by the end of the century. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We'd like to ignore it. But if we ignore it, we're ignoring it at our own economic peril,\" says Will Travis, Executive Director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/\">Bay Conservation and Development Commission\u003c/a>. BCDC is the state agency with jurisdiction over the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're building things now that will be around for a hundred years. And we should, we believe, think about how those cities, how those communities will remain viable and sustainable,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BCDC is \u003ca href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/proposed_bay_plan/bp_amend_1-08.shtml\">writing new regulations\u003c/a> for development along the shore, which they'll use in future permitting decisions. They've been guided by a state plan from the Schwarzenegger administration called the California Climate Adaptation Strategy. It discourages building in low-lying areas and encourages wetland restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Wetlands are wonderful for dealing with climate change. Wetlands soak up flood water. So the wider the wetland in the front, the lower the levee can be in the back,\" says Travis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Battle Over Shoreline Rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when BCDC released the first draft of its new development policy two years ago, the agency faced a wave of protest, especially from folks who see bay front property as prime real estate. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It tried to do too much too fast,\" says Jim Wunderman, president of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareacouncil.org/\">Bay Area Council\u003c/a>, a group representing business interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We should be absolutely concerned about sea level rise, but we shouldn't allow the concern about it to say let's just stop doing everything,\" he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of bay-front cities had the same complaint. Public meetings got ugly. \"People said things that they probably weren't proud of when the meeting was over and I know we've had epithets hurled at us,\" says Wunderman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So BCDC backed off a little, saying that new development would be considered on a case by case basis. David Lewis of Save the Bay says those changes concern him, because the policy is leading the way for others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most small cities don't have the resources to change the way they plan and permit developments with a big change like sea level rise. I think BCDC's at the forefront and it should be brave about doing the right thing,\" says Lewis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will Travis of BCDC says the changes were necessary, so the plan works for the dozens of cities it involves. \"We want to achieve environmental protection. We have to, but not at the expense of regional prosperity. So we're trying to achieve that balance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge, Travis says, is making a global issue like climate change part of regional planning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A society likes dealing with climate change at the abstract. It's when you actually get down to doing something about it that people have concerns.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, BCDC expects to finalize the sea level rise policy that will govern development along San Francisco Bay for years to come.\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003ch3>Additional Links\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/proposed_bay_plan/bp_amend_1-08.shtml\">More about BCDC's Sea Level Rise Plan\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/planning/climate_change/index_map.shtml\">San Francisco Bay Sea Level Rise Map\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/21396/rough-waters-for-sea-level-rise-planning","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_284","quest_340","quest_9791","quest_9821","quest_9818","quest_13203","quest_13202","quest_2423","quest_2483","quest_9820","quest_9819"],"collections":["quest_3359"],"featImg":"quest_21399","label":"quest_3359"},"quest_20389":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_20389","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"20389","score":null,"sort":[1310763611000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"gulls-threaten-south-bay-salt-pond-restoration-work","title":"Gulls Threaten South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Work","publishDate":1310763611,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":3359,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/07/2011-07-18-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20423\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-20423\" title=\"Gull-photo\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Gull-photo-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A California gull tagged by USGS scientists. Credit: Josh Ackerman/USGS\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the most ambitious wetland restoration projects in the country is underway in San Francisco Bay. For more than a century, the South Bay shoreline has been home to industrial salt ponds. Now, thousands of acres of those ponds are being restored for shorebirds and wildlife. But that is creating an opportunity for a very problematic bird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area's gulls are well-known to San Francisco Giants fans. At one recent game, as the Giants staged a late comeback during the ninth inning hundreds of gulls appeared out of the night sky. Like clockwork, they show up just before the game ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Don't ask me how. They just know,\" says Mike Krukow, a broadcaster with the Giants. \"They come in and it's always with two outs to go in the ninth inning and there they are.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attraction, of course, is the food. \"It's pizza. They've got garlic fries. They really love the garlic fries by the way,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How gulls time their arrival so well is a little bit of a mystery. But their numbers have grown so high that the ballpark is considering bringing in a falcon to scare them away. But that's not possible everywhere...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>South Bay Shorebirds on the Menu\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the southern end of the bay near Alviso, a crew from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.werc.usgs.gov/\">US Geological Survey\u003c/a> is working on a small island in the middle of a former salt pond. It's home to a colony of \u003ca href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Forsters_Tern/lifehistory\">Forster's terns\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Hey, what was the band number on that chick?\" asks Garth Herring, one of the scientists on the project. The team measures and bands the small, speckled tern chicks. A few of them get radio transmitters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When that transmitter is attached to a live chick, the transmitter beeps at a very specific rate,\" says Herring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the chick dies, the beep slows down. But you might wonder – why do they need to know if a chick is dead?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just to the north of us roughly about a mile, there's one of the largest \u003ca href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/california_gull/id\">California gull\u003c/a> colonies. They'll come in, grab the chick. And they get back to the gull colony and they regurgitate to their chicks,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At which point the tern chick – and transmitter – is inside the gull – until it passes through, that is. That's when Herring and his team go looking for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's pretty common that we find just a small pile of bones, the radio transmitter and the band that was associated with that Forster's tern chick,\" says Herring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herring says they've found that gulls only prey on the terns at certain times of day. \"It's timed pretty well with when the local landfill sites are closing down. They're flying back to the colonies and are picking up chicks probably around 6 o'clock on average.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, 40 percent of the tern chicks they tagged were eaten by gulls. \"It certainly does suggest that California gulls do have the potential to have a big impact on these breeding water birds here,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gulls Gone Wild\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're the big bully,\" says Cheryl Strong , a biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. \"They're very opportunistic and they do really well with humans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California gulls didn't always call San Francisco Bay home. In the 1980s, a small group began nesting on one of the salt ponds. Now, that population has exploded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"California gulls are one of the earliest nesting species and they're also probably the most aggressive. So they show up first that they can easily take over an area,\" says Strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.southbayrestoration.org/\">South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project\u003c/a> has spent millions restoring pond habitat for Forster's terns, American avocets and the threatened western snowy plover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's a conservation Catch-22. As more habitat is restored for shorebirds, it also creates more habitat for gulls. And as former salt ponds are flooded during the restoration, the gulls are looking for new places to nest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With 40,000 gulls, there's not a lot of room for other birds,\" says Strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strong says the Fish and Wildlife Service is writing a plan to manage the gulls. One option is killing the birds. But gulls can live up to 25 years and with an endless food source at landfills nearby, she says there's only so much they could do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're talking about removing birds lethally, it's just not feasible. They are a part of our landscape, like it or not,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, they're trying something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gull Hazing Underway\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So up ahead there are some gulls doing some courtship behaviors on the levee which is definitely a bad sign,\" says Caitlin Robinson-Nilsen of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfbbo.org/\">San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory\u003c/a>. She's looking at a large flock of gulls on a salt pond near Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is one of the areas where we definitely don't want them to nest. One of the salt ponds we're standing right next to is a historic nesting site of the western snowy plover.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Robinson-Nilsen's job is to haze the gulls. She uses a whistle and walks down the levee. The gulls aren't happy about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They'll dive bomb you and hit you in your head. They're very good at pooping you. They have pretty good aim that way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robinson-Nislen says they're hazing gulls twice a day to keep them from nesting next to sensitive shorebirds. So far, it looks like it's working. But with millions of tax dollars being spent on restoring more habitat, biologists expect they'll be doing a lot more gull management in the years ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u003cstrong>Additional Links\u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.southbayrestoration.org/\">South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.werc.usgs.gov/outreach.aspx?RecordID=54\">Help Track the California Gull\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"One of the most ambitious wetland restoration projects in the country is underway in San Francisco Bay. Thousands of acres of those ponds are being restored for shorebirds and wildlife. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443826119,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1010},"headData":{"title":"Gulls Threaten South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Work | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Gulls Threaten South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Work","datePublished":"2011-07-15T21:00:11.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-02T22:48:39.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"20389 http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/gulls-threaten-south-bay-salt-pond-restoration-work/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/15/gulls-threaten-south-bay-salt-pond-restoration-work/","disqusTitle":"Gulls Threaten South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Work","path":"/quest/20389/gulls-threaten-south-bay-salt-pond-restoration-work","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/07/2011-07-18-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/07/2011-07-18-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20423\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-20423\" title=\"Gull-photo\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Gull-photo-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A California gull tagged by USGS scientists. Credit: Josh Ackerman/USGS\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the most ambitious wetland restoration projects in the country is underway in San Francisco Bay. For more than a century, the South Bay shoreline has been home to industrial salt ponds. Now, thousands of acres of those ponds are being restored for shorebirds and wildlife. But that is creating an opportunity for a very problematic bird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area's gulls are well-known to San Francisco Giants fans. At one recent game, as the Giants staged a late comeback during the ninth inning hundreds of gulls appeared out of the night sky. Like clockwork, they show up just before the game ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Don't ask me how. They just know,\" says Mike Krukow, a broadcaster with the Giants. \"They come in and it's always with two outs to go in the ninth inning and there they are.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attraction, of course, is the food. \"It's pizza. They've got garlic fries. They really love the garlic fries by the way,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How gulls time their arrival so well is a little bit of a mystery. But their numbers have grown so high that the ballpark is considering bringing in a falcon to scare them away. But that's not possible everywhere...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>South Bay Shorebirds on the Menu\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the southern end of the bay near Alviso, a crew from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.werc.usgs.gov/\">US Geological Survey\u003c/a> is working on a small island in the middle of a former salt pond. It's home to a colony of \u003ca href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Forsters_Tern/lifehistory\">Forster's terns\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Hey, what was the band number on that chick?\" asks Garth Herring, one of the scientists on the project. The team measures and bands the small, speckled tern chicks. A few of them get radio transmitters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When that transmitter is attached to a live chick, the transmitter beeps at a very specific rate,\" says Herring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the chick dies, the beep slows down. But you might wonder – why do they need to know if a chick is dead?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just to the north of us roughly about a mile, there's one of the largest \u003ca href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/california_gull/id\">California gull\u003c/a> colonies. They'll come in, grab the chick. And they get back to the gull colony and they regurgitate to their chicks,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At which point the tern chick – and transmitter – is inside the gull – until it passes through, that is. That's when Herring and his team go looking for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's pretty common that we find just a small pile of bones, the radio transmitter and the band that was associated with that Forster's tern chick,\" says Herring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herring says they've found that gulls only prey on the terns at certain times of day. \"It's timed pretty well with when the local landfill sites are closing down. They're flying back to the colonies and are picking up chicks probably around 6 o'clock on average.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, 40 percent of the tern chicks they tagged were eaten by gulls. \"It certainly does suggest that California gulls do have the potential to have a big impact on these breeding water birds here,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gulls Gone Wild\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're the big bully,\" says Cheryl Strong , a biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. \"They're very opportunistic and they do really well with humans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California gulls didn't always call San Francisco Bay home. In the 1980s, a small group began nesting on one of the salt ponds. Now, that population has exploded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"California gulls are one of the earliest nesting species and they're also probably the most aggressive. So they show up first that they can easily take over an area,\" says Strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.southbayrestoration.org/\">South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project\u003c/a> has spent millions restoring pond habitat for Forster's terns, American avocets and the threatened western snowy plover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's a conservation Catch-22. As more habitat is restored for shorebirds, it also creates more habitat for gulls. And as former salt ponds are flooded during the restoration, the gulls are looking for new places to nest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With 40,000 gulls, there's not a lot of room for other birds,\" says Strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strong says the Fish and Wildlife Service is writing a plan to manage the gulls. One option is killing the birds. But gulls can live up to 25 years and with an endless food source at landfills nearby, she says there's only so much they could do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're talking about removing birds lethally, it's just not feasible. They are a part of our landscape, like it or not,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, they're trying something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gull Hazing Underway\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So up ahead there are some gulls doing some courtship behaviors on the levee which is definitely a bad sign,\" says Caitlin Robinson-Nilsen of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfbbo.org/\">San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory\u003c/a>. She's looking at a large flock of gulls on a salt pond near Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is one of the areas where we definitely don't want them to nest. One of the salt ponds we're standing right next to is a historic nesting site of the western snowy plover.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Robinson-Nilsen's job is to haze the gulls. She uses a whistle and walks down the levee. The gulls aren't happy about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They'll dive bomb you and hit you in your head. They're very good at pooping you. They have pretty good aim that way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robinson-Nislen says they're hazing gulls twice a day to keep them from nesting next to sensitive shorebirds. So far, it looks like it's working. But with millions of tax dollars being spent on restoring more habitat, biologists expect they'll be doing a lot more gull management in the years ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u003cstrong>Additional Links\u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.southbayrestoration.org/\">South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.werc.usgs.gov/outreach.aspx?RecordID=54\">Help Track the California Gull\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/20389/gulls-threaten-south-bay-salt-pond-restoration-work","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_284","quest_340","quest_9791","quest_9821","quest_9818","quest_13203","quest_13","quest_2423","quest_2483","quest_9820","quest_9819"],"collections":["quest_3359"],"featImg":"quest_20423","label":"quest_3359"},"quest_11004":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_11004","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"11004","score":null,"sort":[1291660635000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"it-came-from-mono-lake","title":"It Came From Mono Lake","publishDate":1291660635,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/MonoLake2.21.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Mono Lake, the source of the bacteria that can incorporate arsenic, rather than the usual phosphorus, into its DNA.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>The world is buzzing about the bacteria from \u003ca href=\"http://www.monolake.org/about/\">Mono Lake\u003c/a>. Astrobiologists from NASA discovered in the lab that this strain of bacteria, called GFAJ-1, can incorporate the element arsenic, instead of phosphorus, into the backbone of its DNA. Before \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/12/02/arsenic-bacteria/\">this discovery\u003c/a>, we thought all organisms needed phosphorus to live. Now, as QUEST blogger Ben Burress points out, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/12/03/arsenic-and-old-lakes-nasa-finds-life-not-as-we-know-it/#respond\">life is no longer quite as we know it\u003c/a>—and this changes the way we think about the search for life on other planets. But before we go to Mars, let’s explore a very otherworldly place on earth—the place where the bacteria GFAJ-1 and its arsenic came from, Mono Lake.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mono Lake is on the east side of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, about 300 miles by car from San Francisco. It is an amazing landscape; the lake is set against the backdrop of the snow-capped mountains. There are crispy shrubs nearby, but no trees. Crusty white towers, called tufas, rise up from the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water in the lake is snowmelt and rainwater runoff from the mountains. It enters the lake via streams. But the lake is a closed basin and has no drainage—water can only leave by evaporation. The water evaporates, but the salts and minerals, like arsenic, are left behind. As a result, the lake is very salty—twice as salty as the ocean—and is very alkaline, or basic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That super-salty water may not seem very hospitable, but in fact the lake is full of life. In addition to the now-famous bacteria, the lake is home to \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine_shrimp\">brine shrimp\u003c/a> and the larvae of alkaline flies. During the summer, the brine shrimp number in the trillions. They feed on algae that grow green at the lake’s surface. The brine shrimp are food for the two million migratory birds that stop at Mono Lake to feed each year, and the nesting populations of California Gulls and Snowy Plovers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to its cool geology and important role in North American bird ecology, Mono Lake is at the center of a water supply saga. Water levels in the lake were historically much higher. To get an idea of previous water levels, take a look at the tufas. They were formed while underwater. They’re made of calcium carbonate, which precipitated as fresh water bubbled up from the bottom of the lake. Thousands of years ago, the lake was as much as 900 feet deep, perhaps covering parts of Utah and Nevada. In recent history, the lake was about 170 feet deep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beginning in the late 1800s, the freshwater streams that fed the lake were diverted by settlers so they could irrigate their farms. The water level started dropping. In 1941, four of the five streams that flowed into Mono Lake were diverted to the Los Angeles Aqueduct. Supplying the growing city of Los Angeles with water involved intrigue and duplicity and scandal, which were well documented in the book \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Cadillac-Desert-American-Disappearing-Revised/dp/0140178244\">Cadillac Desert\u003c/a>. Between 1941 and 1982, because of the reduced freshwater input, the water level in Mono Lake dropped by 45 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drop in water level was bad for the migratory and resident birds, particularly the California Gulls, which nested on islands in the lake. As water evaporated, some islands become connected to the shore. The birds were no longer protected from roaming coyotes. And, more exposed shoreline meant that the wind kicked up alkaline dust storms. In addition the lake got saltier—at one point it was nearly three times as salty as the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to these changes, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.monolake.org/mlc/\">Mono Lake Committee\u003c/a>, the National Audubon Society, and other conservation groups have begun to \u003ca href=\"http://www.monolake.org/mlc/restoration\">restore\u003c/a> Mono Lake. It is now mandated that more water flow into the lake, and the water level has started to rise. The habitats and ecological processes of the lake are recovering. Additional discoveries, like the bacteria that can use arsenic to make its DNA, will hopefully rise out of Mono Lake in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.977925 -119.131172\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The world is buzzing about the bacteria from Mono Lake, a strain of bacteria that can substitute the element arsenic for phosphorus into the backbone of its DNA.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366918952,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":701},"headData":{"title":"It Came From Mono Lake | KQED","description":"The world is buzzing about the bacteria from Mono Lake, a strain of bacteria that can substitute the element arsenic for phosphorus into the backbone of its DNA.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"It Came From Mono Lake","datePublished":"2010-12-06T18:37:15.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-25T19:42:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"11004 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=11004","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/12/06/it-came-from-mono-lake/","disqusTitle":"It Came From Mono Lake","path":"/quest/11004/it-came-from-mono-lake","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/MonoLake2.21.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Mono Lake, the source of the bacteria that can incorporate arsenic, rather than the usual phosphorus, into its DNA.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>The world is buzzing about the bacteria from \u003ca href=\"http://www.monolake.org/about/\">Mono Lake\u003c/a>. Astrobiologists from NASA discovered in the lab that this strain of bacteria, called GFAJ-1, can incorporate the element arsenic, instead of phosphorus, into the backbone of its DNA. Before \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/12/02/arsenic-bacteria/\">this discovery\u003c/a>, we thought all organisms needed phosphorus to live. Now, as QUEST blogger Ben Burress points out, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/12/03/arsenic-and-old-lakes-nasa-finds-life-not-as-we-know-it/#respond\">life is no longer quite as we know it\u003c/a>—and this changes the way we think about the search for life on other planets. But before we go to Mars, let’s explore a very otherworldly place on earth—the place where the bacteria GFAJ-1 and its arsenic came from, Mono Lake.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mono Lake is on the east side of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, about 300 miles by car from San Francisco. It is an amazing landscape; the lake is set against the backdrop of the snow-capped mountains. There are crispy shrubs nearby, but no trees. Crusty white towers, called tufas, rise up from the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water in the lake is snowmelt and rainwater runoff from the mountains. It enters the lake via streams. But the lake is a closed basin and has no drainage—water can only leave by evaporation. The water evaporates, but the salts and minerals, like arsenic, are left behind. As a result, the lake is very salty—twice as salty as the ocean—and is very alkaline, or basic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That super-salty water may not seem very hospitable, but in fact the lake is full of life. In addition to the now-famous bacteria, the lake is home to \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine_shrimp\">brine shrimp\u003c/a> and the larvae of alkaline flies. During the summer, the brine shrimp number in the trillions. They feed on algae that grow green at the lake’s surface. The brine shrimp are food for the two million migratory birds that stop at Mono Lake to feed each year, and the nesting populations of California Gulls and Snowy Plovers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to its cool geology and important role in North American bird ecology, Mono Lake is at the center of a water supply saga. Water levels in the lake were historically much higher. To get an idea of previous water levels, take a look at the tufas. They were formed while underwater. They’re made of calcium carbonate, which precipitated as fresh water bubbled up from the bottom of the lake. Thousands of years ago, the lake was as much as 900 feet deep, perhaps covering parts of Utah and Nevada. In recent history, the lake was about 170 feet deep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beginning in the late 1800s, the freshwater streams that fed the lake were diverted by settlers so they could irrigate their farms. The water level started dropping. In 1941, four of the five streams that flowed into Mono Lake were diverted to the Los Angeles Aqueduct. Supplying the growing city of Los Angeles with water involved intrigue and duplicity and scandal, which were well documented in the book \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Cadillac-Desert-American-Disappearing-Revised/dp/0140178244\">Cadillac Desert\u003c/a>. Between 1941 and 1982, because of the reduced freshwater input, the water level in Mono Lake dropped by 45 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drop in water level was bad for the migratory and resident birds, particularly the California Gulls, which nested on islands in the lake. As water evaporated, some islands become connected to the shore. The birds were no longer protected from roaming coyotes. And, more exposed shoreline meant that the wind kicked up alkaline dust storms. In addition the lake got saltier—at one point it was nearly three times as salty as the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to these changes, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.monolake.org/mlc/\">Mono Lake Committee\u003c/a>, the National Audubon Society, and other conservation groups have begun to \u003ca href=\"http://www.monolake.org/mlc/restoration\">restore\u003c/a> Mono Lake. It is now mandated that more water flow into the lake, and the water level has started to rise. The habitats and ecological processes of the lake are recovering. Additional discoveries, like the bacteria that can use arsenic to make its DNA, will hopefully rise out of Mono Lake in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.977925 -119.131172\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/11004/it-came-from-mono-lake","authors":["10200"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_215","quest_237","quest_267","quest_1293","quest_1861","quest_2423"],"featImg":"quest_11007","label":"quest"},"quest_9687":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_9687","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"9687","score":null,"sort":[1287589618000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"when-a-sanctuary-is-no-longer-a-sanctuary","title":"When A Sanctuary Is No Longer A Sanctuary","publishDate":1287589618,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":13211,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/whale-breach.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>All is not well in our national marine sanctuaries. This summer and fall there have been at least six ship strikes on whales in the Gulf of the Farallones, the Monterey Bay and near the Channel Island National Marine Sanctuaries. Image courtesy of Ed Estes.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t let our kids play on the freeway. We don’t let our friends drive drunk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why do we allow our cousins to cross an ocean superhighway and get killed by ships?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This season has been a highly productive year for krill in the \u003ca href=\"http://farallones.noaa.gov/welcome.html\">Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary \u003c/a>and whales are gathering by the hundreds. Each year, several thousand of the great whales gather here in our West Coast Sanctuaries and just off the San Francisco coastline to feed and fatten. Thousands of people are fortunate enough to see one of the most rare marine mammals, the blue whale. To see a blue whale, or any whale for that matter, is an experience beyond measure. As a naturalist, I am fortunate to experience the largest animal to ever have lived on the planet up close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nThis year, we have seen blue whales every single trip out to the Farallones and scores of humpbacks feeding and breaching or just resting at the surface. Our last trip to the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/the-farallon-islands--californias-galapagos\">Gulf of the Farallones\u003c/a> was no exception. Humpbacks gathered in cooperative feeding, concentrating the tiny shrimp into masses of red, before lunging through the mass for a big gulp of protein. One blue whale swam gently towards our idling vessel as the passengers on the Vessel Outer Limits marveled at the giant. I have seen perhaps a hundred blue whales, but I have never experienced one this close. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/laws/mmpa/\">Marine Mammal Protection Act\u003c/a> and Sanctuary rules require us to stay 100 yards from a whale, but they don’t tell the whales to stay 100 yards from us. Unthreatened, whales frequently swim very close to vessels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/whale-shipping.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Image courtesy of Ed Estes.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On our trip, passengers from Iowa, Israel and San Francisco were thrilled at the abundance and diversity of life in our Sanctuary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But all is not well in the Sanctuary. This summer and fall there have been at least six ship strikes on whales in the Gulf of the Farallones, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybay.noaa.gov\">Monterey Bay\u003c/a> and near the \u003ca href=\"http://channelislands.noaa.gov/\">Channel Island National Marine Sanctuaries\u003c/a>. A fin whale was recently buried at Ocean Beach, the spine crumpled from a ship strike. In the Port of Oakland, the crew of a ship discovered a dead minke whale on the bulb at the bow of the ship. A blue whale was struck and found dead on the beach with a fetus last week. Another blue whale washed ashore to the north and two humpback whales were reported dead with propeller scars. While it is uncertain if ships caused the deaths or the whales were struck after death, in several cases there is no question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These accidents are occurring for a number of reasons: the convergence of whales feeding and ships entering and exiting one of North America’s busiest seaports. A new California regulation on air quality has lead to increased traffic in the east-west channel so that ships can switch to more polluting fuel outside of state waters, thereby bringing more traffic across the Sanctuary and closer to the islands. On Sunday, we viewed several ships from cargo vessels to supertankers, steaming along at twenty five knots mere miles from the Farallones and within a mile of feeding whales. It's not only the whales that are at risk. An oil spill or illegal discharge could conceivably wipe out pelagic bird populations gathering by the thousands to feed and breed in the Sanctuary. \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Murre\">Common murres\u003c/a>, now on the rebound after a serious decline, are particularly at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>We can draw a line around it- but it doesn’t mean it is protected.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWe rely on our shipping for goods within the USA and between nations. Shipping is a huge industry in the San Francisco and Oakland Ports. We can’t do without the shipping, so what is the solution to avoid these continued ship strikes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is one solution proposed by non-profits including a local non-profit, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacificenvironment.org/\">Pacific Environment\u003c/a>, to slow the passage of ships through the Sanctuary. The slower speeds will allow whales to move out of harm's way - out of the path of ships. The slower speeds will have an added benefit of reducing the cacophony of propeller and other white noise created by ships, noise which interferes with communication among whales and other marine mammals. Also, the lower speeds will increase fuel efficiency and reduce pollution in the Sanctuary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seems like a no-brainer, but shipping companies are complaining of higher costs and slower delivery schedules. Yet reducing speeds from twenty five knots to ten knots in the Sanctuary would add approximately two hours to a voyage that takes days or weeks to traverse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is the value of one whale?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nOn the East Coast, the northern right whales also share the ocean with major shipping lanes, and that whale population has suffered greatly from ship strikes. In fact, the critically endangered northern right whales have been reduced so drastically that NOAA has implemented a whale monitoring and ship advisory system to notify mariners of the presence of whales. Ship captains are requested to divert course or slow down to ten knots in the presence of whales - yet the program is voluntary and incidents are still putting these whales at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is estimated that there may be one percent of the original blue whale populations remaining prior to industrial whaling. With less than half that in the northern hemisphere, we are arguably furthering this population towards extinction. Humpbacks, fin whales and blue whales are all endangered. Every single whale counts. The first solution would be to regulate a speed limit in the Sanctuary. The next would be to control traffic in the main shipping lanes to accommodate whales and even resort to a mandatory notification and routing plan for ships. To support the simple solution of reducing the speed of ships near whales and across the Gulf of the Farallones into the San Francisco Bay, we can contact our Sanctuary Superintendent Maria Brown (maria.brown@noaa.gov) and Western Regional Superintendent Bill Douros (william.douros@noaa.gov), and tell them that we are concerned about shipping interactions with whales. Help support our Sanctuaries leaders effort to protect our west coast whales, so that the Sanctuary truly is a sanctuary for whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject width=\"640\" height=\"385\" classid=\"d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\">\u003cparam name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\">\u003cparam name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\">\u003cparam name=\"src\" value=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/qfNu54GBOHU?fs=1&hl=en_US\">\u003cparam name=\"allowfullscreen\" value=\"true\">\u003cembed width=\"640\" height=\"385\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/qfNu54GBOHU?fs=1&hl=en_US\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" allowscriptaccess=\"always\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"All is not well in our national marine sanctuaries. This summer and fall there have been at least six ship strikes on whales in the Gulf of the Farallones, the Monterey Bay and near the Channel Island National Marine Sanctuaries.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366753689,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":1106},"headData":{"title":"When A Sanctuary Is No Longer A Sanctuary | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"When A Sanctuary Is No Longer A Sanctuary","datePublished":"2010-10-20T15:46:58.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-23T21:48:09.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"9687 http://science.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/20/when-a-sanctuary-is-no-longer-a-sanctuary/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/20/when-a-sanctuary-is-no-longer-a-sanctuary/","disqusTitle":"When A Sanctuary Is No Longer A Sanctuary","WpOldSlug":"when-the-sun-don%e2%80%99t-shine-and-the-wind-don%e2%80%99t-blow","path":"/quest/9687/when-a-sanctuary-is-no-longer-a-sanctuary","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/whale-breach.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>All is not well in our national marine sanctuaries. This summer and fall there have been at least six ship strikes on whales in the Gulf of the Farallones, the Monterey Bay and near the Channel Island National Marine Sanctuaries. Image courtesy of Ed Estes.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t let our kids play on the freeway. We don’t let our friends drive drunk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why do we allow our cousins to cross an ocean superhighway and get killed by ships?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This season has been a highly productive year for krill in the \u003ca href=\"http://farallones.noaa.gov/welcome.html\">Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary \u003c/a>and whales are gathering by the hundreds. Each year, several thousand of the great whales gather here in our West Coast Sanctuaries and just off the San Francisco coastline to feed and fatten. Thousands of people are fortunate enough to see one of the most rare marine mammals, the blue whale. To see a blue whale, or any whale for that matter, is an experience beyond measure. As a naturalist, I am fortunate to experience the largest animal to ever have lived on the planet up close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nThis year, we have seen blue whales every single trip out to the Farallones and scores of humpbacks feeding and breaching or just resting at the surface. Our last trip to the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/the-farallon-islands--californias-galapagos\">Gulf of the Farallones\u003c/a> was no exception. Humpbacks gathered in cooperative feeding, concentrating the tiny shrimp into masses of red, before lunging through the mass for a big gulp of protein. One blue whale swam gently towards our idling vessel as the passengers on the Vessel Outer Limits marveled at the giant. I have seen perhaps a hundred blue whales, but I have never experienced one this close. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/laws/mmpa/\">Marine Mammal Protection Act\u003c/a> and Sanctuary rules require us to stay 100 yards from a whale, but they don’t tell the whales to stay 100 yards from us. Unthreatened, whales frequently swim very close to vessels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/whale-shipping.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Image courtesy of Ed Estes.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On our trip, passengers from Iowa, Israel and San Francisco were thrilled at the abundance and diversity of life in our Sanctuary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But all is not well in the Sanctuary. This summer and fall there have been at least six ship strikes on whales in the Gulf of the Farallones, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybay.noaa.gov\">Monterey Bay\u003c/a> and near the \u003ca href=\"http://channelislands.noaa.gov/\">Channel Island National Marine Sanctuaries\u003c/a>. A fin whale was recently buried at Ocean Beach, the spine crumpled from a ship strike. In the Port of Oakland, the crew of a ship discovered a dead minke whale on the bulb at the bow of the ship. A blue whale was struck and found dead on the beach with a fetus last week. Another blue whale washed ashore to the north and two humpback whales were reported dead with propeller scars. While it is uncertain if ships caused the deaths or the whales were struck after death, in several cases there is no question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These accidents are occurring for a number of reasons: the convergence of whales feeding and ships entering and exiting one of North America’s busiest seaports. A new California regulation on air quality has lead to increased traffic in the east-west channel so that ships can switch to more polluting fuel outside of state waters, thereby bringing more traffic across the Sanctuary and closer to the islands. On Sunday, we viewed several ships from cargo vessels to supertankers, steaming along at twenty five knots mere miles from the Farallones and within a mile of feeding whales. It's not only the whales that are at risk. An oil spill or illegal discharge could conceivably wipe out pelagic bird populations gathering by the thousands to feed and breed in the Sanctuary. \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Murre\">Common murres\u003c/a>, now on the rebound after a serious decline, are particularly at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>We can draw a line around it- but it doesn’t mean it is protected.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWe rely on our shipping for goods within the USA and between nations. Shipping is a huge industry in the San Francisco and Oakland Ports. We can’t do without the shipping, so what is the solution to avoid these continued ship strikes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is one solution proposed by non-profits including a local non-profit, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacificenvironment.org/\">Pacific Environment\u003c/a>, to slow the passage of ships through the Sanctuary. The slower speeds will allow whales to move out of harm's way - out of the path of ships. The slower speeds will have an added benefit of reducing the cacophony of propeller and other white noise created by ships, noise which interferes with communication among whales and other marine mammals. Also, the lower speeds will increase fuel efficiency and reduce pollution in the Sanctuary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seems like a no-brainer, but shipping companies are complaining of higher costs and slower delivery schedules. Yet reducing speeds from twenty five knots to ten knots in the Sanctuary would add approximately two hours to a voyage that takes days or weeks to traverse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is the value of one whale?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nOn the East Coast, the northern right whales also share the ocean with major shipping lanes, and that whale population has suffered greatly from ship strikes. In fact, the critically endangered northern right whales have been reduced so drastically that NOAA has implemented a whale monitoring and ship advisory system to notify mariners of the presence of whales. Ship captains are requested to divert course or slow down to ten knots in the presence of whales - yet the program is voluntary and incidents are still putting these whales at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is estimated that there may be one percent of the original blue whale populations remaining prior to industrial whaling. With less than half that in the northern hemisphere, we are arguably furthering this population towards extinction. Humpbacks, fin whales and blue whales are all endangered. Every single whale counts. The first solution would be to regulate a speed limit in the Sanctuary. The next would be to control traffic in the main shipping lanes to accommodate whales and even resort to a mandatory notification and routing plan for ships. To support the simple solution of reducing the speed of ships near whales and across the Gulf of the Farallones into the San Francisco Bay, we can contact our Sanctuary Superintendent Maria Brown (maria.brown@noaa.gov) and Western Regional Superintendent Bill Douros (william.douros@noaa.gov), and tell them that we are concerned about shipping interactions with whales. Help support our Sanctuaries leaders effort to protect our west coast whales, so that the Sanctuary truly is a sanctuary for whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject width=\"640\" height=\"385\" classid=\"d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\">\u003cparam name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\">\u003cparam name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\">\u003cparam name=\"src\" value=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/qfNu54GBOHU?fs=1&hl=en_US\">\u003cparam name=\"allowfullscreen\" value=\"true\">\u003cembed width=\"640\" height=\"385\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/qfNu54GBOHU?fs=1&hl=en_US\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" allowscriptaccess=\"always\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/9687/when-a-sanctuary-is-no-longer-a-sanctuary","authors":["10217"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_684","quest_1285","quest_1929","quest_2034","quest_2423","quest_3142"],"collections":["quest_13211"],"label":"quest_13211"},"quest_9389":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_9389","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"9389","score":null,"sort":[1286989416000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"diving-in-cordell-bank","title":"Diving in Cordell Bank","publishDate":1286989416,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/whale.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Around us at Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary, blackfooted albatross dip and veer, blue whales spout and humpback whales breach and lunge feed.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past five days I have had the incredible experience of diving on a location few have ever had the opportunity: the \u003ca class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary\" rel=\"geolocation\" href=\"http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=38.0665921,-123.3677881&spn=1.0,1.0&q=38.0665921,-123.3677881%20(Cordell%20Bank%20National%20Marine%20Sanctuary)&t=h\">Cordell Bank\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the four California \u003ca class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"United States National Marine Sanctuary\" rel=\"wikipedia\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Marine_Sanctuary\">National Marine Sanctuaries\u003c/a>, this undersea granite reef southwest of \u003ca class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Bodega Bay\" rel=\"geolocation\" href=\"http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=38.2736111111,-123.006111111&spn=0.1,0.1&q=38.2736111111,-123.006111111%20(Bodega%20Bay)&t=h\">Bodega Bay\u003c/a> is frequently washed by huge waves and howling northwest winds. Although it is only 22 miles from Bodega Bay, it feels as if it were a thousand miles from shore. Around us Blackfooted albatross dip and veer, \u003ca class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Blue whale\" rel=\"wikipedia\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_whale\">blue whales\u003c/a> spout and \u003ca class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Humpback whale\" rel=\"wikipedia\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humpback_whale\">humpback whales\u003c/a> breach and lunge feed. The deep green waters are a cornucopia of life and literally squirm with small fish and krill. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below the deck of the \u003ca class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\" rel=\"homepage\" href=\"http://www.noaa.gov\">NOAA\u003c/a> vessel Fulmar rests the mysterious Cordell Bank, and video camera in hand I was able to assist the team of technical divers from Sanctuaries across the nation.\u003cbr>\nDiving the bank is well, unearthly. It feels like exploring the moon. First discovered by sailing vessel in 1869 by Edward Cordell, the weathered mountain of granite has been visited only a few times over the decades. The first to dive Cordell was an ad-hoc team of divers and adventurers known as the Cordell Expedition and lead by Dr. Bob Schmieder. Beginning in 1977, this team of intrepid divers made the drop and recorded sea life, sampled the biota and helped map the reef’s surface. This remarkable achievement has lead to important knowledge of the Cordell bank and was instrumental in forming the Sanctuary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/coral.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>The deep green waters of Cordell Bank are a cornucopia of life.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over several days, Bob and others from the original team have joined us, sharing their first hand perspectives, viewing video footage brought back by the team of divers from the \u003ca href=\"http://graysreef.noaa.gov/\">Grays Reef National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/a> (NMS), the \u003ca href=\"http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/10thunderbay/background/thunderbay/thunderbay.html\">Thunder Bay NMS\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://monitor.noaa.gov/\">Monitor NMS\u003c/a> and the regional Marine Heritage Office. Bob’s eyes shine and his hands grip the rail and you can feel how badly he wants to join the second team of divers as they plunge in to re-assess the health and make up of the reef system two hundred feet below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The early divers marvel at the multiple bottles of tri -mix, oxygen and nitrox gases, as well as the sophisticated dive computers and dry suits. Despite the technical advantages, the modern team still has their work cut out for them. Diving into the limited visibility, the cold water and currents is still a challenge, but everyone onboard realizes what a feat it was to first dive the Bank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The images brought back are extraordinary, and what strikes me most is that these veteran NOAA divers who have dived all over the world, experienced natural beauty and rare submarine artifacts of our maritime heritage are as blown away by the Cordell Bank as the original expeditioneers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The few specimens brought up are carefully handled by my colleagues at \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\">the California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> to describe, and with the originals from the Cordell Expeditions, will become part of the Academy collections. The Bank is covered with bright red Corynactis anemones, purple and red styaster corals, and white sponges. There is not an inch uncovered by life and over the sessile assembly swarms a cloud of rockfish, the juveniles so thick that they nearly black out the camera lens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an ocean of change, from overfishing to acidification, the Cordell Bank is a repository of information and a savings account for future fish and invertebrate populations, as well as an assembly point for the krill and whales above. Being able to participate in and document this expedition, to be among these ocean explorers past and present, and to see the richness of ocean life has been one the highlights of my ocean life. We are so fortunate to have the richness and abundance of \u003ca class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Marine biology\" rel=\"wikipedia\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_biology\">marine life\u003c/a> so close to our shore, and have the wisdom to protect it. With the abundance of high definition footage I have collected, and the tales that have been told, I intend to share this experience with the world, so we can all appreciate the Cordell Bank and support our National Marine Sanctuaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To learn more about Cordell Bank and other National Marine Sanctuaries, visit KQED's\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/kqed/oceanadventures/episodes/treasures/guide/cordell-bank.html\"> Jean-Michel Cousteau's Ocean Adventures website\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Over the past five days I have had the incredible experience of diving on a location few have ever had the opportunity: the Cordell Bank.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1286989416,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":737},"headData":{"title":"Diving in Cordell Bank | KQED","description":"Over the past five days I have had the incredible experience of diving on a location few have ever had the opportunity: the Cordell Bank.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Diving in Cordell Bank","datePublished":"2010-10-13T17:03:36.000Z","dateModified":"2010-10-13T17:03:36.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"9389 http://science.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/13/diving-in-cordell-bank/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/13/diving-in-cordell-bank/","disqusTitle":"Diving in Cordell Bank","WpOldSlug":"when-the-sun-don%e2%80%99t-shine-and-the-wind-don%e2%80%99t-blow","path":"/quest/9389/diving-in-cordell-bank","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/whale.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Around us at Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary, blackfooted albatross dip and veer, blue whales spout and humpback whales breach and lunge feed.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past five days I have had the incredible experience of diving on a location few have ever had the opportunity: the \u003ca class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary\" rel=\"geolocation\" href=\"http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=38.0665921,-123.3677881&spn=1.0,1.0&q=38.0665921,-123.3677881%20(Cordell%20Bank%20National%20Marine%20Sanctuary)&t=h\">Cordell Bank\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the four California \u003ca class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"United States National Marine Sanctuary\" rel=\"wikipedia\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Marine_Sanctuary\">National Marine Sanctuaries\u003c/a>, this undersea granite reef southwest of \u003ca class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Bodega Bay\" rel=\"geolocation\" href=\"http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=38.2736111111,-123.006111111&spn=0.1,0.1&q=38.2736111111,-123.006111111%20(Bodega%20Bay)&t=h\">Bodega Bay\u003c/a> is frequently washed by huge waves and howling northwest winds. Although it is only 22 miles from Bodega Bay, it feels as if it were a thousand miles from shore. Around us Blackfooted albatross dip and veer, \u003ca class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Blue whale\" rel=\"wikipedia\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_whale\">blue whales\u003c/a> spout and \u003ca class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Humpback whale\" rel=\"wikipedia\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humpback_whale\">humpback whales\u003c/a> breach and lunge feed. The deep green waters are a cornucopia of life and literally squirm with small fish and krill. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below the deck of the \u003ca class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\" rel=\"homepage\" href=\"http://www.noaa.gov\">NOAA\u003c/a> vessel Fulmar rests the mysterious Cordell Bank, and video camera in hand I was able to assist the team of technical divers from Sanctuaries across the nation.\u003cbr>\nDiving the bank is well, unearthly. It feels like exploring the moon. First discovered by sailing vessel in 1869 by Edward Cordell, the weathered mountain of granite has been visited only a few times over the decades. The first to dive Cordell was an ad-hoc team of divers and adventurers known as the Cordell Expedition and lead by Dr. Bob Schmieder. Beginning in 1977, this team of intrepid divers made the drop and recorded sea life, sampled the biota and helped map the reef’s surface. This remarkable achievement has lead to important knowledge of the Cordell bank and was instrumental in forming the Sanctuary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/coral.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>The deep green waters of Cordell Bank are a cornucopia of life.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over several days, Bob and others from the original team have joined us, sharing their first hand perspectives, viewing video footage brought back by the team of divers from the \u003ca href=\"http://graysreef.noaa.gov/\">Grays Reef National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/a> (NMS), the \u003ca href=\"http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/10thunderbay/background/thunderbay/thunderbay.html\">Thunder Bay NMS\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://monitor.noaa.gov/\">Monitor NMS\u003c/a> and the regional Marine Heritage Office. Bob’s eyes shine and his hands grip the rail and you can feel how badly he wants to join the second team of divers as they plunge in to re-assess the health and make up of the reef system two hundred feet below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The early divers marvel at the multiple bottles of tri -mix, oxygen and nitrox gases, as well as the sophisticated dive computers and dry suits. Despite the technical advantages, the modern team still has their work cut out for them. Diving into the limited visibility, the cold water and currents is still a challenge, but everyone onboard realizes what a feat it was to first dive the Bank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The images brought back are extraordinary, and what strikes me most is that these veteran NOAA divers who have dived all over the world, experienced natural beauty and rare submarine artifacts of our maritime heritage are as blown away by the Cordell Bank as the original expeditioneers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The few specimens brought up are carefully handled by my colleagues at \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\">the California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> to describe, and with the originals from the Cordell Expeditions, will become part of the Academy collections. The Bank is covered with bright red Corynactis anemones, purple and red styaster corals, and white sponges. There is not an inch uncovered by life and over the sessile assembly swarms a cloud of rockfish, the juveniles so thick that they nearly black out the camera lens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an ocean of change, from overfishing to acidification, the Cordell Bank is a repository of information and a savings account for future fish and invertebrate populations, as well as an assembly point for the krill and whales above. Being able to participate in and document this expedition, to be among these ocean explorers past and present, and to see the richness of ocean life has been one the highlights of my ocean life. We are so fortunate to have the richness and abundance of \u003ca class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Marine biology\" rel=\"wikipedia\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_biology\">marine life\u003c/a> so close to our shore, and have the wisdom to protect it. With the abundance of high definition footage I have collected, and the tales that have been told, I intend to share this experience with the world, so we can all appreciate the Cordell Bank and support our National Marine Sanctuaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To learn more about Cordell Bank and other National Marine Sanctuaries, visit KQED's\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/kqed/oceanadventures/episodes/treasures/guide/cordell-bank.html\"> Jean-Michel Cousteau's Ocean Adventures website\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/9389/diving-in-cordell-bank","authors":["10217"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_684","quest_698","quest_843","quest_845","quest_1929","quest_2034","quest_2423","quest_3142"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. 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