Producer's Notes for Science on the SPOT: Fire and Butterflies
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But one of the East Coast’s primary defense facilities has demonstrated that America’s fighting men and women can apply the same earnest professionalism to conservation that they do to combat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71458\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/11/13987568526_939fb96819_oU.S.-Army-photo-by-Sgt.-Juan-F.-Jimenez.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-71458\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/11/13987568526_939fb96819_oU.S.-Army-photo-by-Sgt.-Juan-F.-Jimenez-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"U.S. Army photo by Sgt. Juan F. Jimenez\" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fort Bragg became a permanent Army post in 1922. Today it is one of the largest military complexes in the world, with close to 100,000 personnel. U.S. Army photo by Sgt. Juan F. Jimenez\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bragg.army.mil/Pages/History.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Fort Bragg\u003c/a> in Fayetteville, North Carolina, is a 251-square-mile compound with nearly 100,000 personnel. Bragg, as it’s known, is situated in the piney Sandhills region one hour south of Raleigh. Home to the elite 82nd Airborne Division, Bragg’s woodlands and fields regularly experience artillery bombardment and gunfire as new recruits are put on the arduous road to joining the tough unit. Harrowing as such a fiery baptism must be to soldiers fresh out of high school, the wildlife native to the base are even more at risk, as disruption of feeding and mating behaviors, habitat loss, and even death were regularly viewed by officers as collateral damage while training for war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out that fiery disruption was exactly what the Bragg ecosystem needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71454\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/11/7420114118_122f7a7ef4_o-Photo-by-USFWS.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-71454\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/11/7420114118_122f7a7ef4_o-Photo-by-USFWS-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Photo courtesy U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The red-cockaded woodpecker is one of the few bird species native to the United States. Photo courtesy U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/endangered/esa-library/pdf/RCW_fact_sheet-Aug06.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">red-cockaded woodpecker\u003c/a> (RCW) is native to the South’s formerly abundant longleaf pine forests. A cooperative breeder and one of the few birds to excavate nests in live, old-growth trees, the red-cockaded woodpecker lives in small family groups that assist in raising hatchlings. The extended family forages together, moving as a group from tree to tree. While this cooperative behavior sounds like a recipe for success, it is the RCW’s dependence on the once-abundant longleaf pine that caused its recent population crash. By mid-century, 86 percent of the Southeast’s old-growth longleaf pine forests had been cleared. And as the longleaf population dropped, so did the RCW, which was listed as federally endangered in 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enter Fort Bragg, the longleaf pines that buffer the base, and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/endangered/laws-policies/\" target=\"_blank\">Endangered Species Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the RCW’s rapid decline, the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service issued an emergency injunction in 1991 that immediately closed Bragg’s gun ranges to protect the woodpecker from disturbance. But rather than seeing this as an imposition, Fort Bragg’s personnel approached it with characteristic zeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71460\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/11/9785279683_a8bf4fc75c_oU.S.-Army-photo-by-Staff-Sgt.-Jason-Hull.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71460 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/11/9785279683_a8bf4fc75c_oU.S.-Army-photo-by-Staff-Sgt.-Jason-Hull-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Jason- Hull\" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Longleaf pine forests benefit from occasional burns, whether they be natural, prescribed, military-induced. U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Jason- Hull\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mike Lynch, the former director of planning for Fort Bragg, saw opportunity where others saw obstruction. While walking the site of an armed exercise that had ignited much of the surrounding undergrowth, Lynch noticed the profusion of Venus flytraps, rare wildflowers, longleaf saplings, and, flitting from one singed but unharmed mature pine to another, red-cockaded woodpeckers. The site was regularly used for maneuvers because of the open accessibility granted by gunnery-induced wildfires. It turned out the same habitat the Army preferred was precisely what the pines and woodpeckers were after. Seeing a win/win in the making, Lynch instituted a rotational \u003ca href=\"http://www.smokeybear.com/prescribed-fires.asp\" target=\"_blank\">controlled burn\u003c/a> program that annually torches one-third of the base, or about 50,000 acres, thus keeping the longleaf forests ideal for aerialists of both the booted and beaked varieties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fort Bragg’s comprehensive, community-based approach to conservation is regional in scope and has been “highly successful,” according to Chief of the Endangered Species Branch Jackie Britcher. “RCWs are an indicator species -- ecologically, politically, and legally. Fort Bragg’s aggressive management of hardwood stands has benefited the birds, the longleafs, and our entire mission.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71459\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/11/12640507054_c386b1d3a4_o.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-71459\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/11/12640507054_c386b1d3a4_o-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"Photo courtesy Fort Bragg\" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fort Bragg is home to one of the largest longleaf pine concentrations in the country. Photo courtesy Fort Bragg\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bragg’s regional conservation efforts benefit greatly from the 17,000 acres of buffer zones ringing the base. Jeff Marcus, with \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/northcarolina/contact/\" target=\"_blank\">The Nature Conservancy’s\u003c/a> Sandhills Office said, “These buffers aren’t used for live fire or armored vehicles, but rather for orienteering and Special Forces exercises, basically whatever is compatible with longleaf and RCW recovery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today Fort Bragg is home to 81,200 contiguous acres of longleaf pine, one of the largest concentrations in the country, and the base currently has the second largest red-cockaded woodpecker population in the world. The 82nd Airborne’s resolute motto of “All the way!” demands victory in the field, whether that means combat or conservation.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A tree, a bird, a military base and one of largest ecological restoration efforts in the United States.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442640679,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":812},"headData":{"title":"Guns and Roses | KQED","description":"A tree, a bird, a military base and one of largest ecological restoration efforts in the United States.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Guns and Roses","datePublished":"2014-08-21T14:00:17.000Z","dateModified":"2015-09-19T05:31:19.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"63705 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=63705","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/08/21/guns-and-roses/","disqusTitle":"Guns and Roses","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/63705/guns-and-roses","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Reflections on the military rarely conjure up images of environmental harmony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>War is hell, for the combatants as well as for the battlefields’ ecosystems. But one of the East Coast’s primary defense facilities has demonstrated that America’s fighting men and women can apply the same earnest professionalism to conservation that they do to combat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71458\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/11/13987568526_939fb96819_oU.S.-Army-photo-by-Sgt.-Juan-F.-Jimenez.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-71458\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/11/13987568526_939fb96819_oU.S.-Army-photo-by-Sgt.-Juan-F.-Jimenez-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"U.S. Army photo by Sgt. Juan F. Jimenez\" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fort Bragg became a permanent Army post in 1922. Today it is one of the largest military complexes in the world, with close to 100,000 personnel. U.S. Army photo by Sgt. Juan F. Jimenez\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bragg.army.mil/Pages/History.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Fort Bragg\u003c/a> in Fayetteville, North Carolina, is a 251-square-mile compound with nearly 100,000 personnel. Bragg, as it’s known, is situated in the piney Sandhills region one hour south of Raleigh. Home to the elite 82nd Airborne Division, Bragg’s woodlands and fields regularly experience artillery bombardment and gunfire as new recruits are put on the arduous road to joining the tough unit. Harrowing as such a fiery baptism must be to soldiers fresh out of high school, the wildlife native to the base are even more at risk, as disruption of feeding and mating behaviors, habitat loss, and even death were regularly viewed by officers as collateral damage while training for war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out that fiery disruption was exactly what the Bragg ecosystem needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71454\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/11/7420114118_122f7a7ef4_o-Photo-by-USFWS.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-71454\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/11/7420114118_122f7a7ef4_o-Photo-by-USFWS-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Photo courtesy U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The red-cockaded woodpecker is one of the few bird species native to the United States. Photo courtesy U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/endangered/esa-library/pdf/RCW_fact_sheet-Aug06.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">red-cockaded woodpecker\u003c/a> (RCW) is native to the South’s formerly abundant longleaf pine forests. A cooperative breeder and one of the few birds to excavate nests in live, old-growth trees, the red-cockaded woodpecker lives in small family groups that assist in raising hatchlings. The extended family forages together, moving as a group from tree to tree. While this cooperative behavior sounds like a recipe for success, it is the RCW’s dependence on the once-abundant longleaf pine that caused its recent population crash. By mid-century, 86 percent of the Southeast’s old-growth longleaf pine forests had been cleared. And as the longleaf population dropped, so did the RCW, which was listed as federally endangered in 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enter Fort Bragg, the longleaf pines that buffer the base, and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/endangered/laws-policies/\" target=\"_blank\">Endangered Species Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the RCW’s rapid decline, the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service issued an emergency injunction in 1991 that immediately closed Bragg’s gun ranges to protect the woodpecker from disturbance. But rather than seeing this as an imposition, Fort Bragg’s personnel approached it with characteristic zeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71460\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/11/9785279683_a8bf4fc75c_oU.S.-Army-photo-by-Staff-Sgt.-Jason-Hull.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71460 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/11/9785279683_a8bf4fc75c_oU.S.-Army-photo-by-Staff-Sgt.-Jason-Hull-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Jason- Hull\" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Longleaf pine forests benefit from occasional burns, whether they be natural, prescribed, military-induced. U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Jason- Hull\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mike Lynch, the former director of planning for Fort Bragg, saw opportunity where others saw obstruction. While walking the site of an armed exercise that had ignited much of the surrounding undergrowth, Lynch noticed the profusion of Venus flytraps, rare wildflowers, longleaf saplings, and, flitting from one singed but unharmed mature pine to another, red-cockaded woodpeckers. The site was regularly used for maneuvers because of the open accessibility granted by gunnery-induced wildfires. It turned out the same habitat the Army preferred was precisely what the pines and woodpeckers were after. Seeing a win/win in the making, Lynch instituted a rotational \u003ca href=\"http://www.smokeybear.com/prescribed-fires.asp\" target=\"_blank\">controlled burn\u003c/a> program that annually torches one-third of the base, or about 50,000 acres, thus keeping the longleaf forests ideal for aerialists of both the booted and beaked varieties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fort Bragg’s comprehensive, community-based approach to conservation is regional in scope and has been “highly successful,” according to Chief of the Endangered Species Branch Jackie Britcher. “RCWs are an indicator species -- ecologically, politically, and legally. Fort Bragg’s aggressive management of hardwood stands has benefited the birds, the longleafs, and our entire mission.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71459\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/11/12640507054_c386b1d3a4_o.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-71459\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/11/12640507054_c386b1d3a4_o-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"Photo courtesy Fort Bragg\" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fort Bragg is home to one of the largest longleaf pine concentrations in the country. Photo courtesy Fort Bragg\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bragg’s regional conservation efforts benefit greatly from the 17,000 acres of buffer zones ringing the base. Jeff Marcus, with \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/northcarolina/contact/\" target=\"_blank\">The Nature Conservancy’s\u003c/a> Sandhills Office said, “These buffers aren’t used for live fire or armored vehicles, but rather for orienteering and Special Forces exercises, basically whatever is compatible with longleaf and RCW recovery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today Fort Bragg is home to 81,200 contiguous acres of longleaf pine, one of the largest concentrations in the country, and the base currently has the second largest red-cockaded woodpecker population in the world. The 82nd Airborne’s resolute motto of “All the way!” demands victory in the field, whether that means combat or conservation.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/63705/guns-and-roses","authors":["10531"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_210","quest_326","quest_1095","quest_12934","quest_12935","quest_12269","quest_1824","quest_12937","quest_2283","quest_2349","quest_10427","quest_12933","quest_10303","quest_12936"],"featImg":"quest_71456","label":"source_quest_63705"},"quest_70449":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_70449","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"70449","score":null,"sort":[1405000825000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"prescribed-burn","title":"Fire Returns to The Great Plains","publishDate":1405000825,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Nebraska/Radio/Stream/PrescribedBurnQuest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71048\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 639px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/QUEST-jose-luis.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71048 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/QUEST-jose-luis.jpg\" alt=\"QUEST jose luis\" width=\"639\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/QUEST-jose-luis.jpg 639w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/QUEST-jose-luis-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jose Luis Duce, from Spain's Ministry of the Environment, is training to do a prescribed burn with firefighters from Spain, Colorado, Wyoming, California, and Nebraska. (Photo credit: Jackie Sojico, QUEST Nebraska)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71043\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 168px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Phil-Dye.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71043 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Phil-Dye-168x253.jpg\" alt=\"Phil Dye\" width=\"168\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighter Phil Dye uses a flapper tool to put out any remaining flames on the black line. (Photo credit: Ben Wheeler, Pheasants Forever)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you’re working on a prescribed burn, you need to have a few things with you. “This tool here is called a thaw claw or a hoe… This is called a fire swatter or flapper,” said Phil Dye, a firefighter from the San Francisco Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The flapper looks exactly like a giant flyswatter. But that’s not how it’s used. Right now Dye and a few dozen firefighters are doing what’s called “black lining” just outside Elba, a small town on the Loup River in north central Nebraska. The crew is split into igniters and holders, and they’re walking along a 15-foot-wide line of grass that’s been mowed around the perimeter of a burn unit. The igniters pour gasoline on the short grass and then light the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the grass has burned black, the holders drag their flappers on the ground to smother any remaining flames. Tomorrow, if the weather, wind, and humidity are just right, the firefighters will set fire to the 700 acres inside the black line. That line keeps the fire from spreading outside the burn unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Basically, it’s a buffer, because fire’s not going to burn in an area that’s already been burned,” Dye said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71052\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Small-Cedars.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-71052\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Small-Cedars-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Young eastern redcedars killed during the burn. (Photo credit: Jackie Sojico, QUEST Nebraska)\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Young eastern redcedars killed during the burn. (Photo credit: Ben Wheeler, Pheasants Forever)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Why burn?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The firefighters are participating in a 10-day-long training exchange hosted by \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/\">The Nature Conservancy\u003c/a> and the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"http://nebraskapf.com/\">Pheasants Forever\u003c/a>. The exchange has two goals: one is for firefighters to train on a prescribed burn and the other is to actually burn 4,000 acres of land to control the eastern redcedar population on the prairie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redcedars are native to Nebraska, but they’re starting to take over grassland areas -- partly because of us. Ben Wheeler, the wildlife ecologist with the conservation group Pheasants Forever, said, “When white settlers moved in, we began some pretty aggressive fire-suppression campaigns, you know, because people were worried about fire going through their homesteads and being destructive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today the redcedar population has grown so much that parts of the prairie look more like forest than grassland. Wheeler says that eastern redcedars used to only grow where natural wildfire couldn’t reach them, like steep, northern-facing slopes. Without fire, Wheeler said, “Those refuge areas for trees expanded exponentially -- basically across the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71053\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 168px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Ashley.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71053 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Ashley-168x253.jpg\" alt=\"Ashley\" width=\"168\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighter Ashley Whitworth sprays water along the edges of the black line that will end up being about 15 feet wide and encompass 700 acres. (Photo credit: Ben Wheeler, Pheasants Forever)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Don Westover, fire program leader with the \u003ca href=\"http://nfs.unl.edu/\">Nebraska Forest Service\u003c/a>, said recently that land management organizations like the U.S. Forest Service went from seeing fire as a threat to an integral force in prairie ecology. Westover said, “The U.S. Forest Service had a policy for a number of years that they called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.foresthistory.org/ASPNET/Policy/Fire/Suppression/Suppression.aspx\">10 am policy\u003c/a>, and that policy stated that all wildfires will be suppressed by 10 am the morning following the fire started.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That all changed for the Forest Service and other federal agencies about 25 years ago. Instead of putting every fire out, the current policy is to let wildfires happen under very controlled circumstances, like at the training exchange near Elba, Nebraska.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Keeping control\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Safety is every firefighter’s concern on the training exchange, especially for Dye, who is the burn’s plan chief. Every night he writes the \u003ca href=\"http://gpfirescience.missouristate.edu/assets/gpfirescience/NE_NRCSexampleBurnPlanFillable.pdf\">incident action plan\u003c/a>, or IAP, for the next day’s work. It’s a thick document that lists things like the burn’s objectives, weather forecast, each crew member’s assignment, and a go/no go checklist. Everything on the checklist has to be “yes before we can light fire,” Dye said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71041\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/2014-03-28-14.33.52.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71041 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/2014-03-28-14.33.52-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">After spraying water on the borders of the black line, firefighters pour gas, ignite the grass, and wait for the fire to burn out. (Photo credit: Jackie Sojico, QUEST Nebraska)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The IAP is handbook, schedule, and manual all in one for the firefighters to refer to throughout the day. It cuts down on the chances that someone will accidentally start a fire. Dye has worked on grassland burns before, but not all the firefighters here have, like Ashley Whitworth, a firefighter in the Colorado Springs Fire Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve only done ditch burning and a few prescribed fires, but not 700 acres,” Whitworth said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71039\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/2014-03-28-14.36.37.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71039 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/2014-03-28-14.36.37-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Once the grass has burnt, the crew follows with flappers to make sure the fire is out. (Photo credit: Jackie Sojico, QUEST Nebraska)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are also firefighters from Nebraska, Idaho, Minnesota, Utah, California, and even Spain. Jose Luis Duce works for the Ministry of Environment in Spain and is one of 12 visiting firefighters. He’s also never worked on a prescribed fire, but he says that Spain’s grasslands evolved with fire, similar to Nebraska’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This kind of fuel, we have this fuel in Spain,” Duce said, “but we don’t burn that much in Spain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuel, to firefighters, means anything that will burn. In this case, Duce means grass. Like Nebraska, wildfire spreads easily in Spain because of that grass, and especially on dry, windy days. In July 2009, those factors led to \u003ca href=\"http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8167101.stm#map\">wildfires across Europe, from Spain to Turkey\u003c/a>, resulting in hundreds of people evacuating their homes and eight deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Duce thinks that’s why people are so reluctant to use fire as a management tool. “People only see the bad side of fire. It’s a part of the ecosystem. People don’t consider using fire as a natural tool.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71042\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/2014-03-28-15.17.31.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-71042\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/2014-03-28-15.17.31-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"The blackline acts as a buffer to keep fire from spreading beyond what's planned. (Photo credit: Jackie Sojico, QUEST Nebraska)\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The black line acts as a buffer to keep fire from spreading beyond the intended unit. It took the burn crew a few hours to complete this section of the line. (Photo credit: Jackie Sojico, QUEST Nebraska)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Once the crew finishes black lining, the firefighters will head back to the command post to get some sleep. Except for Dye. He’ll be working late into the night on the burn plan for tomorrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dye spends so much time on the IAP because it’s the only way to make sure the burn stays safe for everyone involved, from the firefighters to the landowners. And it’s those procedures that drew so many firefighters to Nebraska for the training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watch \u003ca href=\"http://netnebraska.org/media/media.php?bin=NET&vidgroup=40164419\">a timelapse video of the prescribed burn on the Loup River\u003c/a> from QUEST Nebraska.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://netnebraska.org/media/iframe.php?vidgroup=40164419&w=600&h=385&bin=NET\" width=\"100%\" height=\"385\" frameborder=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Fire can be dangerous, but it's not always a bad thing. On the Great Plains, firefighters, ecologists, and ranchers are slowly trying to make fire a part of the region's ecosystem again. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442644347,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://netnebraska.org/media/iframe.php"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1182},"headData":{"title":"Fire Returns to The Great Plains | KQED","description":"Fire can be dangerous, but it's not always a bad thing. On the Great Plains, firefighters, ecologists, and ranchers are slowly trying to make fire a part of the region's ecosystem again. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Fire Returns to The Great Plains","datePublished":"2014-07-10T14:00:25.000Z","dateModified":"2015-09-19T06:32:27.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"70449 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=70449","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/07/10/prescribed-burn/","disqusTitle":"Fire Returns to The Great Plains","path":"/quest/70449/prescribed-burn","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Nebraska/Radio/Stream/PrescribedBurnQuest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Nebraska/Radio/Stream/PrescribedBurnQuest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71048\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 639px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/QUEST-jose-luis.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71048 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/QUEST-jose-luis.jpg\" alt=\"QUEST jose luis\" width=\"639\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/QUEST-jose-luis.jpg 639w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/QUEST-jose-luis-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jose Luis Duce, from Spain's Ministry of the Environment, is training to do a prescribed burn with firefighters from Spain, Colorado, Wyoming, California, and Nebraska. (Photo credit: Jackie Sojico, QUEST Nebraska)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71043\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 168px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Phil-Dye.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71043 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Phil-Dye-168x253.jpg\" alt=\"Phil Dye\" width=\"168\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighter Phil Dye uses a flapper tool to put out any remaining flames on the black line. (Photo credit: Ben Wheeler, Pheasants Forever)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you’re working on a prescribed burn, you need to have a few things with you. “This tool here is called a thaw claw or a hoe… This is called a fire swatter or flapper,” said Phil Dye, a firefighter from the San Francisco Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The flapper looks exactly like a giant flyswatter. But that’s not how it’s used. Right now Dye and a few dozen firefighters are doing what’s called “black lining” just outside Elba, a small town on the Loup River in north central Nebraska. The crew is split into igniters and holders, and they’re walking along a 15-foot-wide line of grass that’s been mowed around the perimeter of a burn unit. The igniters pour gasoline on the short grass and then light the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the grass has burned black, the holders drag their flappers on the ground to smother any remaining flames. Tomorrow, if the weather, wind, and humidity are just right, the firefighters will set fire to the 700 acres inside the black line. That line keeps the fire from spreading outside the burn unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Basically, it’s a buffer, because fire’s not going to burn in an area that’s already been burned,” Dye said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71052\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Small-Cedars.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-71052\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Small-Cedars-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Young eastern redcedars killed during the burn. (Photo credit: Jackie Sojico, QUEST Nebraska)\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Young eastern redcedars killed during the burn. (Photo credit: Ben Wheeler, Pheasants Forever)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Why burn?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The firefighters are participating in a 10-day-long training exchange hosted by \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/\">The Nature Conservancy\u003c/a> and the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"http://nebraskapf.com/\">Pheasants Forever\u003c/a>. The exchange has two goals: one is for firefighters to train on a prescribed burn and the other is to actually burn 4,000 acres of land to control the eastern redcedar population on the prairie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redcedars are native to Nebraska, but they’re starting to take over grassland areas -- partly because of us. Ben Wheeler, the wildlife ecologist with the conservation group Pheasants Forever, said, “When white settlers moved in, we began some pretty aggressive fire-suppression campaigns, you know, because people were worried about fire going through their homesteads and being destructive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today the redcedar population has grown so much that parts of the prairie look more like forest than grassland. Wheeler says that eastern redcedars used to only grow where natural wildfire couldn’t reach them, like steep, northern-facing slopes. Without fire, Wheeler said, “Those refuge areas for trees expanded exponentially -- basically across the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71053\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 168px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Ashley.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71053 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Ashley-168x253.jpg\" alt=\"Ashley\" width=\"168\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighter Ashley Whitworth sprays water along the edges of the black line that will end up being about 15 feet wide and encompass 700 acres. (Photo credit: Ben Wheeler, Pheasants Forever)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Don Westover, fire program leader with the \u003ca href=\"http://nfs.unl.edu/\">Nebraska Forest Service\u003c/a>, said recently that land management organizations like the U.S. Forest Service went from seeing fire as a threat to an integral force in prairie ecology. Westover said, “The U.S. Forest Service had a policy for a number of years that they called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.foresthistory.org/ASPNET/Policy/Fire/Suppression/Suppression.aspx\">10 am policy\u003c/a>, and that policy stated that all wildfires will be suppressed by 10 am the morning following the fire started.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That all changed for the Forest Service and other federal agencies about 25 years ago. Instead of putting every fire out, the current policy is to let wildfires happen under very controlled circumstances, like at the training exchange near Elba, Nebraska.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Keeping control\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Safety is every firefighter’s concern on the training exchange, especially for Dye, who is the burn’s plan chief. Every night he writes the \u003ca href=\"http://gpfirescience.missouristate.edu/assets/gpfirescience/NE_NRCSexampleBurnPlanFillable.pdf\">incident action plan\u003c/a>, or IAP, for the next day’s work. It’s a thick document that lists things like the burn’s objectives, weather forecast, each crew member’s assignment, and a go/no go checklist. Everything on the checklist has to be “yes before we can light fire,” Dye said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71041\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/2014-03-28-14.33.52.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71041 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/2014-03-28-14.33.52-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">After spraying water on the borders of the black line, firefighters pour gas, ignite the grass, and wait for the fire to burn out. (Photo credit: Jackie Sojico, QUEST Nebraska)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The IAP is handbook, schedule, and manual all in one for the firefighters to refer to throughout the day. It cuts down on the chances that someone will accidentally start a fire. Dye has worked on grassland burns before, but not all the firefighters here have, like Ashley Whitworth, a firefighter in the Colorado Springs Fire Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve only done ditch burning and a few prescribed fires, but not 700 acres,” Whitworth said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71039\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/2014-03-28-14.36.37.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71039 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/2014-03-28-14.36.37-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Once the grass has burnt, the crew follows with flappers to make sure the fire is out. (Photo credit: Jackie Sojico, QUEST Nebraska)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are also firefighters from Nebraska, Idaho, Minnesota, Utah, California, and even Spain. Jose Luis Duce works for the Ministry of Environment in Spain and is one of 12 visiting firefighters. He’s also never worked on a prescribed fire, but he says that Spain’s grasslands evolved with fire, similar to Nebraska’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This kind of fuel, we have this fuel in Spain,” Duce said, “but we don’t burn that much in Spain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuel, to firefighters, means anything that will burn. In this case, Duce means grass. Like Nebraska, wildfire spreads easily in Spain because of that grass, and especially on dry, windy days. In July 2009, those factors led to \u003ca href=\"http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8167101.stm#map\">wildfires across Europe, from Spain to Turkey\u003c/a>, resulting in hundreds of people evacuating their homes and eight deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Duce thinks that’s why people are so reluctant to use fire as a management tool. “People only see the bad side of fire. It’s a part of the ecosystem. People don’t consider using fire as a natural tool.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71042\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/2014-03-28-15.17.31.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-71042\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/2014-03-28-15.17.31-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"The blackline acts as a buffer to keep fire from spreading beyond what's planned. (Photo credit: Jackie Sojico, QUEST Nebraska)\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The black line acts as a buffer to keep fire from spreading beyond the intended unit. It took the burn crew a few hours to complete this section of the line. (Photo credit: Jackie Sojico, QUEST Nebraska)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Once the crew finishes black lining, the firefighters will head back to the command post to get some sleep. Except for Dye. He’ll be working late into the night on the burn plan for tomorrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dye spends so much time on the IAP because it’s the only way to make sure the burn stays safe for everyone involved, from the firefighters to the landowners. And it’s those procedures that drew so many firefighters to Nebraska for the training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watch \u003ca href=\"http://netnebraska.org/media/media.php?bin=NET&vidgroup=40164419\">a timelapse video of the prescribed burn on the Loup River\u003c/a> from QUEST Nebraska.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://netnebraska.org/media/iframe.php?vidgroup=40164419&w=600&h=385&bin=NET\" width=\"100%\" height=\"385\" frameborder=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/70449/prescribed-burn","authors":["10562"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_438","quest_12669","quest_12898","quest_921","quest_1095","quest_12897","quest_12269","quest_10353","quest_3929","quest_12899","quest_2283","quest_12896","quest_2349","quest_12354","quest_12900","quest_12901","quest_3071"],"featImg":"quest_71048","label":"quest"},"quest_9922":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_9922","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"9922","score":null,"sort":[1288229140000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"producers-notes-for-science-on-the-spot-fire-and-butterflies","title":"Producer's Notes for Science on the SPOT: Fire and Butterflies","publishDate":1288229140,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Producer’s Notes for Science on the SPOT: Fire and Butterflies | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-fire-and-butterflies\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/WS115_FireAndButterflies300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>On a glorious sunny August morning I found myself in a parking lot in the Marin headlands attending in a pre-burn fire crew meeting. While most of my attention was allocated towards snapping photos of the fire crews, I picked up a few words from the burn master Roger Wong. My ears perked up when he described how we should flee down hill in the unlikely event that the flames escaped their control. Good to know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He went on to inform the crews where the ambulance would pick up casualties in the event of an accident, and that helicopter extraction was standing by in case anyone was badly burned. The crew of about 30 firefighters appeared completely unfazed, just another day at the office. The divide between these fairly heroic-looking fire crew members and myself was exaggerated by the fact that I was provided with the last available set of fireproof clothing, which was far too large for me. I also had to figure out how to wear my bulky headphones and a bright orange hard hat simultaneously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was my first day out as a primary shooter for QUEST’s Science on the SPOT. As the summer intern I was just happy to be out in the field producing content, instead of being back in an office logging tapes and making coffee the way so many productions require of their interns. I had just moved back to the bay area from Bozeman, where I had spent the last three years as a graduate student in Montana State University’s MFA program in Science and Natural History Filmmaking. A few months earlier I had met QUEST Producer Chris Bauer at the San Francisco Ocean Film Festival. We both had films screening the festival, and between screenings I had told him that I was a huge fan of KQED and QUEST. He suggested that as a student I should look into the possibility of interning with QUEST. Now here we were, three months later, about to film a prescribed burn intended to improve habitat quality for endangered Mission Blue Butterflies by increasing the population of their fire disturbance dependent host plant, the Silver Leaf Lupine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was very eager to try to impress Chris by getting some great footage of the burn, despite being relatively unfamiliar with the QUEST camera and audio equipment. Compounding my challenge was the bright sun and wind; not ideal conditions for shooting interviews with digital video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The burn had actually been planned for the week before, but thick fog dampened the possibility of a quality burn at that time. But now the weather was just right for a fire, and the fog seemed content to lurk off shore in the distance. When I was first told about the shoot I had pictured a giant controlled burn the size of several football fields with 30 foot flames leaping into the sky, but I later found out that the burns would actually be performed in 3 meter square open topped stainless steel boxes. The fire crews placed the boxes over areas of grass and brush that had been previously marked of and used gasoline in a drip can to ignite the dry vegetation which immediately lit up. In my eagerness, I moseyed up to the edge of the box and peered over the edge with the camera. While it was not the huge conflagration I had previously imagined it was certainly a powerful blaze, enough to singe the fuzzy wind protection covering the camera’s microphone (don’t tell anyone), and make me consider taking a few steps back. When the fuel was exhausted and the fire burned out, they would move the box to the next plot and “cold trail” the burnt plot with fire hoses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While humans have an innate fear of fire, it is a natural part of the coastal grassland ecosystem. Wildlife Ecologist Bill Merkle explained to us that historically the coastal region was comprised of a mosaic of habitats allowing any one particular area to burn at a time within its own boundary. Humans had a drastic effect on the ecosystem, and generations raised on warnings from a certain bear in a ranger’s hat had resulted many areas going unnaturally long without a burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This brings us to the point of this entire endeavor… by performing prescribed burns on specific parts of the coastal grassland within the Golden Gate National Recreation Area Bill Merkle and his partners hoped to increase the Silver Leaf Lupine population, with the plan to burn larger areas if the experimental burns proved successful. Lupine thrives in areas that experience disturbance, and the plant’s seeds actually require some sort of “scarification” by fire or abrasion in order to germinate. The day’s experiment was to compare scraping with McLeod fire rake to a controlled burn, to see would prove more successful in inducing seed germination and growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of the day the crew had successfully burned four separate areas and seemed satisfied with their work. I was also feeling pretty good about the footage I had collected, and the interview we had done with Bill Merkle. It was then that I happened to look over at my fellow QUESTrian Chris and realized that we had both forgotten sunscreen. And with that, two rather rosy-hued filmmakers headed back to the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.826818 -122.523724\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"On a glorious sunny August morning I found myself in a parking lot in the Marin headlands attending in a pre-burn fire crew meeting.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684974733,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":916},"headData":{"title":"Producer's Notes for Science on the SPOT: Fire and Butterflies | KQED","description":"On a glorious sunny August morning I found myself in a parking lot in the Marin headlands attending in a pre-burn fire crew meeting.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Producer's Notes for Science on the SPOT: Fire and Butterflies","datePublished":"2010-10-28T01:25:40.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-25T00:32:13.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/9922/producers-notes-for-science-on-the-spot-fire-and-butterflies","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-fire-and-butterflies\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/WS115_FireAndButterflies300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>On a glorious sunny August morning I found myself in a parking lot in the Marin headlands attending in a pre-burn fire crew meeting. While most of my attention was allocated towards snapping photos of the fire crews, I picked up a few words from the burn master Roger Wong. My ears perked up when he described how we should flee down hill in the unlikely event that the flames escaped their control. Good to know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He went on to inform the crews where the ambulance would pick up casualties in the event of an accident, and that helicopter extraction was standing by in case anyone was badly burned. The crew of about 30 firefighters appeared completely unfazed, just another day at the office. The divide between these fairly heroic-looking fire crew members and myself was exaggerated by the fact that I was provided with the last available set of fireproof clothing, which was far too large for me. I also had to figure out how to wear my bulky headphones and a bright orange hard hat simultaneously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was my first day out as a primary shooter for QUEST’s Science on the SPOT. As the summer intern I was just happy to be out in the field producing content, instead of being back in an office logging tapes and making coffee the way so many productions require of their interns. I had just moved back to the bay area from Bozeman, where I had spent the last three years as a graduate student in Montana State University’s MFA program in Science and Natural History Filmmaking. A few months earlier I had met QUEST Producer Chris Bauer at the San Francisco Ocean Film Festival. We both had films screening the festival, and between screenings I had told him that I was a huge fan of KQED and QUEST. He suggested that as a student I should look into the possibility of interning with QUEST. Now here we were, three months later, about to film a prescribed burn intended to improve habitat quality for endangered Mission Blue Butterflies by increasing the population of their fire disturbance dependent host plant, the Silver Leaf Lupine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was very eager to try to impress Chris by getting some great footage of the burn, despite being relatively unfamiliar with the QUEST camera and audio equipment. Compounding my challenge was the bright sun and wind; not ideal conditions for shooting interviews with digital video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The burn had actually been planned for the week before, but thick fog dampened the possibility of a quality burn at that time. But now the weather was just right for a fire, and the fog seemed content to lurk off shore in the distance. When I was first told about the shoot I had pictured a giant controlled burn the size of several football fields with 30 foot flames leaping into the sky, but I later found out that the burns would actually be performed in 3 meter square open topped stainless steel boxes. The fire crews placed the boxes over areas of grass and brush that had been previously marked of and used gasoline in a drip can to ignite the dry vegetation which immediately lit up. In my eagerness, I moseyed up to the edge of the box and peered over the edge with the camera. While it was not the huge conflagration I had previously imagined it was certainly a powerful blaze, enough to singe the fuzzy wind protection covering the camera’s microphone (don’t tell anyone), and make me consider taking a few steps back. When the fuel was exhausted and the fire burned out, they would move the box to the next plot and “cold trail” the burnt plot with fire hoses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While humans have an innate fear of fire, it is a natural part of the coastal grassland ecosystem. Wildlife Ecologist Bill Merkle explained to us that historically the coastal region was comprised of a mosaic of habitats allowing any one particular area to burn at a time within its own boundary. Humans had a drastic effect on the ecosystem, and generations raised on warnings from a certain bear in a ranger’s hat had resulted many areas going unnaturally long without a burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This brings us to the point of this entire endeavor… by performing prescribed burns on specific parts of the coastal grassland within the Golden Gate National Recreation Area Bill Merkle and his partners hoped to increase the Silver Leaf Lupine population, with the plan to burn larger areas if the experimental burns proved successful. Lupine thrives in areas that experience disturbance, and the plant’s seeds actually require some sort of “scarification” by fire or abrasion in order to germinate. The day’s experiment was to compare scraping with McLeod fire rake to a controlled burn, to see would prove more successful in inducing seed germination and growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of the day the crew had successfully burned four separate areas and seemed satisfied with their work. I was also feeling pretty good about the footage I had collected, and the interview we had done with Bill Merkle. It was then that I happened to look over at my fellow QUESTrian Chris and realized that we had both forgotten sunscreen. And with that, two rather rosy-hued filmmakers headed back to the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.826818 -122.523724\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/9922/producers-notes-for-science-on-the-spot-fire-and-butterflies","authors":["6219"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_413","quest_417","quest_1095","quest_1208","quest_3351","quest_1738","quest_1838","quest_2141","quest_2283","quest_2349","quest_2521","quest_2632"],"featImg":"quest_9924","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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