"I Flamed Amazement": The Physics of St. Elmo's Fire
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He graduated from Sonoma State University in 1985 with a bachelor’s degree in physics (and minor in astronomy), after which he signed on for a two-year stint in the Peace Corps, where he taught physics and mathematics in the African nation of Cameroon. From 1989-96 he served on the crew of NASA’s Kuiper Airborne Observatory at Ames Research Center in Mountain View, CA. From 1996-99, he was Head Observer at the Naval Prototype Optical Interferometer program at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, AZ.\r\n\r\nRead his \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/ben-burress/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8263bffa345b7e4923a0b8b9f0f6a161?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Ben Burress | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8263bffa345b7e4923a0b8b9f0f6a161?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8263bffa345b7e4923a0b8b9f0f6a161?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/ben-burress"},"dannastaaf":{"type":"authors","id":"6324","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6324","found":true},"name":"Danna Staaf","firstName":"Danna","lastName":"Staaf","slug":"dannastaaf","email":"dannajoy@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Danna Staaf is a marine biologist, science writer, novelist, artist, and educator. She holds a PhD in Squid Babies from Stanford and a BA in Biology from the College of Creative Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara. She helped found the outreach program \u003ca href=\"http://gilly.stanford.edu/outreach.html\">Squids4Kids\u003c/a>, illustrated \u003ca href=\"https://www.thegamecrafter.com/games/the-game-of-science\">The Game of Science\u003c/a>, and blogs at \u003ca href=\"http://www.science20.com/squid_day\">Science 2.0\u003c/a>. She lives in San Jose with her husband, daughter, and cats.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/62085c2562a0b91949bfd6ff7548082e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Danna Staaf | 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FM","link":"/"}},"quest_40205":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_40205","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"40205","score":null,"sort":[1340750385000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"i-flamed-amazement-the-physics-of-st-elmos-fire","title":"\"I Flamed Amazement\": The Physics of St. Elmo's Fire","publishDate":1340750385,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40206\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/26/i-flamed-amazement-the-physics-of-st-elmos-fire/st_elmos_fire/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40206\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-40206\" title=\"st_elmos_fire\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/st_elmos_fire.jpg\" alt=\"St. Elmo's Fire in cockpit\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/st_elmos_fire.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/st_elmos_fire-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">St. Elmo's Fire on a cockpit window, by {link url=http://www.flickr.com/photos/flyforfun/}Fly For Fun{/link}.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Clad in a bright yellow raincoat and a crown of butterflies, laughing and singing, Ariel delighted the audience from the first moments of \u003ca title=\"CalShakes\" href=\"http://www.calshakes.org/\">California Shakespeare Theater's\u003c/a> \"The Tempest.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40207\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 253px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/26/i-flamed-amazement-the-physics-of-st-elmos-fire/ariel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40207\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-40207\" title=\"ariel\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/ariel-253x169.jpg\" alt=\"Ariel in The Tempest\" width=\"253\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Erika Chong Shuch as Ariel in CalShakes' \"The Tempest\", photo by {link url=http://www.kevinberne.com/}Kevin Berne{/link}\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I always love productions at the open-air Bruns Memorial Theater, but the airy sprites of Shakespeare's last full play seem particularly well-suited to the natural environment. Orinda's eucalyptus groves and rolling golden hills could as easily populate Prospero's remote island as do the characters of kings and dukes, clowns and cannibals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of all the characters, though, Ariel was \"an easy favorite\" in the words of my father-in-law. Played by choreographer Erika Chong Shuch, her movements overflowed with emotion and expression. It was easy to believe in her magic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40208\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 195px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/26/i-flamed-amazement-the-physics-of-st-elmos-fire/463px-elmos_fire-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40208\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-40208\" title=\"463px-Elmo's_fire-2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/463px-Elmos_fire-2-195x253.jpg\" alt=\"St. Elmo's Fire\" width=\"195\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">St. Elmo's Fire on Masts of Ship at Sea (1866)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I boarded the king's ship; now on the beak,\u003cbr>\nNow in the waist, the deck, in every cabin,\u003cbr>\nI flamed amazement: sometime I'd divide,\u003cbr>\nAnd burn in many places; on the topmast,\u003cbr>\nThe yards and bowsprit, would I flame distinctly,\u003cbr>\nThen meet and join.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>--Ariel, The Tempest (Act I, Scene 2), William Shakespeare\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the beleaguered sailors, Ariel personified St. Elmo's Fire, the glow that can appear around ship masts and chimneys during a thunderstorm. Lacking a scientific explanation for the light, people in Shakespeare's time attributed it to the patron saint of sailors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four hundred years later, we still don't completely understand how storms create such magnificent atmospheric phenomena. But we understand \u003ca title=\"Scientific American - St. Elmo's Fire\" href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=quotwhat-causes-the-stran\">a great deal more\u003c/a> than we once did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It starts with storm clouds, which are positively charged on top and negatively charged on the bottom. The reason for this charge differential has to do with turbulence inside the cloud, \u003ca title=\"NOAA - Questions and Answers about Lightning\" href=\"http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/primer/lightning/ltg_basics.html\">exact details TBD\u003c/a>. The negative charge at the bottom of the cloud is so strong it pushes away electrons in the earth's surface, leaving a positive charge in the ground, in trees, in chimneys and ship masts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When some object on earth's surface accumulates enough positive charge, it ionizes the air around it, pulling molecules apart into their constituent positive and negative charges. An ionized gas, or \u003ca title=\"Plasma - Wikipedia\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_(physics)\">plasma\u003c/a>, has no overall charge, since it contains equal numbers of positive and negative ions, but it is an excellent electrical conductor. \u003ca title=\"How Stuff Works - St. Elmo's Fire\" href=\"http://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/atmospheric/st-elmo-fire1.htm\">And it glows\u003c/a>. It's beautiful, and a little creepy, but it's not dangerous like lightning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40209\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 167px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/26/i-flamed-amazement-the-physics-of-st-elmos-fire/592px-plasma-lamp_2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40209\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-40209\" title=\"592px-Plasma-lamp_2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/592px-Plasma-lamp_2-167x169.jpg\" alt=\"Plasma Lamp\" width=\"167\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plasma lamp by {link url=http://www.lucnix.be}Luc Viatour{/link}\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the Grove Talk before the show, CalShakes resident dramaturg Philippa Kelly emphasized the unpredictable perils of Shakespeare's time. Fires especially were ubiquitous, necessary for daily work, yet often raged out of control--as in the destruction of the Globe Theater. Ariel's magic is the magic of St. Elmo: a safe fire that serves its master's interests and causes no damage. Today, we've harnessed the same plasma phenomenon to build neon signs and modern TVs that are incapable of burning down a building. An instance, perhaps, of \u003ca title=\"Clarke's Three Laws - Wikipedia\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarke's_three_laws\">Arthur C. Clarke's Third Law\u003c/a>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Ariel personified St. Elmo's Fire, the glow that can appear around ship masts and chimneys during a thunderstorm. Lacking a scientific explanation for the light, people in Shakespeare's time attributed it to the patron saint of sailors. Four hundred years later, we still don't completely understand how storms create such magnificent atmospheric phenomena.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1341603797,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":560},"headData":{"title":"\"I Flamed Amazement\": The Physics of St. Elmo's Fire | KQED","description":"Ariel personified St. Elmo's Fire, the glow that can appear around ship masts and chimneys during a thunderstorm. Lacking a scientific explanation for the light, people in Shakespeare's time attributed it to the patron saint of sailors. Four hundred years later, we still don't completely understand how storms create such magnificent atmospheric phenomena.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"40205 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=40205","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/26/i-flamed-amazement-the-physics-of-st-elmos-fire/","disqusTitle":"\"I Flamed Amazement\": The Physics of St. Elmo's Fire","path":"/quest/40205/i-flamed-amazement-the-physics-of-st-elmos-fire","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40206\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/26/i-flamed-amazement-the-physics-of-st-elmos-fire/st_elmos_fire/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40206\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-40206\" title=\"st_elmos_fire\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/st_elmos_fire.jpg\" alt=\"St. Elmo's Fire in cockpit\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/st_elmos_fire.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/st_elmos_fire-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">St. Elmo's Fire on a cockpit window, by {link url=http://www.flickr.com/photos/flyforfun/}Fly For Fun{/link}.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Clad in a bright yellow raincoat and a crown of butterflies, laughing and singing, Ariel delighted the audience from the first moments of \u003ca title=\"CalShakes\" href=\"http://www.calshakes.org/\">California Shakespeare Theater's\u003c/a> \"The Tempest.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40207\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 253px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/26/i-flamed-amazement-the-physics-of-st-elmos-fire/ariel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40207\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-40207\" title=\"ariel\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/ariel-253x169.jpg\" alt=\"Ariel in The Tempest\" width=\"253\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Erika Chong Shuch as Ariel in CalShakes' \"The Tempest\", photo by {link url=http://www.kevinberne.com/}Kevin Berne{/link}\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I always love productions at the open-air Bruns Memorial Theater, but the airy sprites of Shakespeare's last full play seem particularly well-suited to the natural environment. Orinda's eucalyptus groves and rolling golden hills could as easily populate Prospero's remote island as do the characters of kings and dukes, clowns and cannibals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of all the characters, though, Ariel was \"an easy favorite\" in the words of my father-in-law. Played by choreographer Erika Chong Shuch, her movements overflowed with emotion and expression. It was easy to believe in her magic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40208\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 195px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/26/i-flamed-amazement-the-physics-of-st-elmos-fire/463px-elmos_fire-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40208\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-40208\" title=\"463px-Elmo's_fire-2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/463px-Elmos_fire-2-195x253.jpg\" alt=\"St. Elmo's Fire\" width=\"195\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">St. Elmo's Fire on Masts of Ship at Sea (1866)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I boarded the king's ship; now on the beak,\u003cbr>\nNow in the waist, the deck, in every cabin,\u003cbr>\nI flamed amazement: sometime I'd divide,\u003cbr>\nAnd burn in many places; on the topmast,\u003cbr>\nThe yards and bowsprit, would I flame distinctly,\u003cbr>\nThen meet and join.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>--Ariel, The Tempest (Act I, Scene 2), William Shakespeare\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the beleaguered sailors, Ariel personified St. Elmo's Fire, the glow that can appear around ship masts and chimneys during a thunderstorm. Lacking a scientific explanation for the light, people in Shakespeare's time attributed it to the patron saint of sailors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four hundred years later, we still don't completely understand how storms create such magnificent atmospheric phenomena. But we understand \u003ca title=\"Scientific American - St. Elmo's Fire\" href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=quotwhat-causes-the-stran\">a great deal more\u003c/a> than we once did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It starts with storm clouds, which are positively charged on top and negatively charged on the bottom. The reason for this charge differential has to do with turbulence inside the cloud, \u003ca title=\"NOAA - Questions and Answers about Lightning\" href=\"http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/primer/lightning/ltg_basics.html\">exact details TBD\u003c/a>. The negative charge at the bottom of the cloud is so strong it pushes away electrons in the earth's surface, leaving a positive charge in the ground, in trees, in chimneys and ship masts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When some object on earth's surface accumulates enough positive charge, it ionizes the air around it, pulling molecules apart into their constituent positive and negative charges. An ionized gas, or \u003ca title=\"Plasma - Wikipedia\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_(physics)\">plasma\u003c/a>, has no overall charge, since it contains equal numbers of positive and negative ions, but it is an excellent electrical conductor. \u003ca title=\"How Stuff Works - St. Elmo's Fire\" href=\"http://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/atmospheric/st-elmo-fire1.htm\">And it glows\u003c/a>. It's beautiful, and a little creepy, but it's not dangerous like lightning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40209\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 167px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/26/i-flamed-amazement-the-physics-of-st-elmos-fire/592px-plasma-lamp_2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40209\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-40209\" title=\"592px-Plasma-lamp_2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/592px-Plasma-lamp_2-167x169.jpg\" alt=\"Plasma Lamp\" width=\"167\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plasma lamp by {link url=http://www.lucnix.be}Luc Viatour{/link}\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the Grove Talk before the show, CalShakes resident dramaturg Philippa Kelly emphasized the unpredictable perils of Shakespeare's time. Fires especially were ubiquitous, necessary for daily work, yet often raged out of control--as in the destruction of the Globe Theater. Ariel's magic is the magic of St. Elmo: a safe fire that serves its master's interests and causes no damage. Today, we've harnessed the same plasma phenomenon to build neon signs and modern TVs that are incapable of burning down a building. An instance, perhaps, of \u003ca title=\"Clarke's Three Laws - Wikipedia\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarke's_three_laws\">Arthur C. Clarke's Third Law\u003c/a>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/40205/i-flamed-amazement-the-physics-of-st-elmos-fire","authors":["6324"],"categories":["quest_16"],"tags":["quest_3351","quest_1664","quest_2221","quest_2349","quest_13202","quest_11243","quest_11244","quest_11245","quest_11242","quest_11241"],"featImg":"quest_40206","label":"quest"},"quest_5392":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_5392","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"5392","score":null,"sort":[1269624488000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"sun-earth-day-magnetic-magic","title":"Sun-Earth Day: Magnetic Magic","publishDate":1269624488,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/03/magnet_iron_filings.jpg\">\u003cem>Iron filings reveal the pattern of a magnet's invisible force field.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Saturday, March 20th, was not only Vernal Equinox, but the annual \u003ca href=\"http://sunearthday.nasa.gov/2010/index.php\">Sun-Earth Day\u003c/a>: a NASA-promoted effort around the country to focus attention on the special connections between the Sun and the Earth. This year's theme: Magnetic Storms!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That gave me a lot to work with—Sun-Earth Day usually does, but the more opportunity to create hands-on experiences for our visitors, the better, and when it comes to curious natural phenomena, magnetism is a fertile subject for all sorts of seemingly magical fun. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, I turned Chabot's Chemistry/Physics classroom into a public magnetism laboratory, giving visitors a chance to learn, or relearn, some of the basics of magnets, as well as to connect the tabletop experiments to phenomena that take place on enormous scales on the Sun and the Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First was \u003cem>magnetic polarity\u003c/em>: playing with a set of magnets, visitors got a feel for the behavior of magnetic poles—N and S—and how opposite poles attract and like poles repel. (It's always fun to feel the pull of attraction between two magnets, but there's something extraordinary about feeling the push of repulsion—your mind just expects to see little bumpers on the magnets, but there's seemingly nothing there!)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.spaceweathercenter.org/our_protective_shield/01/01.html\">Earth itself is a giant magnet\u003c/a>, as most of us know—but what many of the adults found surprising and intriguing is the polarity of Earth's magnetic field. Using small magnetic compasses, we sought out the Earth's magnetic poles: north and south. By taking careful notice of which type of magnetic pole the compass needle ends pointed to, the fact that the magnetic pole of the Earth up near the geographic north pole is a south—or 'S'—magnetic pole was revealed! This is why in physics we are often careful to refer to magnetic poles as 'S' and 'N', not south and north, to avoid confusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At another station, visitors made their own compasses by magnetizing an iron nail stuck through a Styrofoam packing peanut and floating it in a bowl of water. Darned if that floating nail didn't stubbornly turn to point in the same direction, no matter what direction we tried to turn it!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Station 3 was about mapping the invisible magnetic force field surrounding various magnets. Human eyes cannot see magnetic fields—but they are there and have an influence. I had constructed magnetic field mapping devices for this purpose: used CD jewel cases, with paper labeling removed, filled with a sprinkling of iron filings. When shaken gently back and forth—as if panning for gold—the iron filings align and connect in gritty little strings and conform to the pattern of the magnetic field. The strong field converging at the two poles of a magnet were boldly evident, but also to be seen were the more tenuous curls of field lines arcing through the space around the magnet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The patterns formed by the filings were very similar to the patterns seen in \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hinode/solar_022.html\">images of sunspots \u003c/a>we compared them to. On the Sun, it is not iron filings that \u003ca href=\"http://www.solarviews.com/eng/hinode.htm\">trace the invisible magnetic fields\u003c/a> for us to see, but hot, electrically charged gas, or plasma (mostly hydrogen and helium, but also traces of calcium, iron, and other elements). Electric charges (electrons and ionized atomic nuclei) are \u003ca href=\"http://www.spaceweathercenter.org/amazing_plasmas/01/magnetobowling.html\">strongly affected by magnetic\u003c/a> fields when they move through them. Numerous \u003ca href=\"http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/data/realtime-images.html\">ultraviolet images\u003c/a> of the Sun were available on computer screens around the lab for visitors to compare the magnetic patterns and shapes to. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We had more: building an electromagnet from wire, an iron nail, and a battery. This demonstrates how magnetic fields are created by moving electric charge—in the electrically conductive wire of the electromagnet, in the circulation of electrical current inside the Earth's iron core, and in the motions of plasma on the Sun. It's all moving electricity, friend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We also conducted \"Magnetic Yacht Races\": pushing, via the repulsion of like poles, a floating, magnetized 'yacht' across a pond of water. The challenge of steering and propelling the yachts led to some interesting yacht designs; certain configurations of packing peanuts and iron nails proved easier to maneuver and accelerate than others. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Happy Sun Earth Day 2010! I wonder what we'll be doing next year….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Saturday, March 20th, was not only Vernal Equinox, but the annual Sun-Earth Day: a NASA-promoted effort around the country to focus attention on the special connections between the Sun and the Earth. This year's theme: magnetism!","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371077269,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":743},"headData":{"title":"Sun-Earth Day: Magnetic Magic | KQED","description":"Saturday, March 20th, was not only Vernal Equinox, but the annual Sun-Earth Day: a NASA-promoted effort around the country to focus attention on the special connections between the Sun and the Earth. This year's theme: magnetism!","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"5392 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=5392","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/03/26/sun-earth-day-magnetic-magic/","disqusTitle":"Sun-Earth Day: Magnetic Magic","path":"/quest/5392/sun-earth-day-magnetic-magic","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/03/magnet_iron_filings.jpg\">\u003cem>Iron filings reveal the pattern of a magnet's invisible force field.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Saturday, March 20th, was not only Vernal Equinox, but the annual \u003ca href=\"http://sunearthday.nasa.gov/2010/index.php\">Sun-Earth Day\u003c/a>: a NASA-promoted effort around the country to focus attention on the special connections between the Sun and the Earth. This year's theme: Magnetic Storms!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That gave me a lot to work with—Sun-Earth Day usually does, but the more opportunity to create hands-on experiences for our visitors, the better, and when it comes to curious natural phenomena, magnetism is a fertile subject for all sorts of seemingly magical fun. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, I turned Chabot's Chemistry/Physics classroom into a public magnetism laboratory, giving visitors a chance to learn, or relearn, some of the basics of magnets, as well as to connect the tabletop experiments to phenomena that take place on enormous scales on the Sun and the Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First was \u003cem>magnetic polarity\u003c/em>: playing with a set of magnets, visitors got a feel for the behavior of magnetic poles—N and S—and how opposite poles attract and like poles repel. (It's always fun to feel the pull of attraction between two magnets, but there's something extraordinary about feeling the push of repulsion—your mind just expects to see little bumpers on the magnets, but there's seemingly nothing there!)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.spaceweathercenter.org/our_protective_shield/01/01.html\">Earth itself is a giant magnet\u003c/a>, as most of us know—but what many of the adults found surprising and intriguing is the polarity of Earth's magnetic field. Using small magnetic compasses, we sought out the Earth's magnetic poles: north and south. By taking careful notice of which type of magnetic pole the compass needle ends pointed to, the fact that the magnetic pole of the Earth up near the geographic north pole is a south—or 'S'—magnetic pole was revealed! This is why in physics we are often careful to refer to magnetic poles as 'S' and 'N', not south and north, to avoid confusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At another station, visitors made their own compasses by magnetizing an iron nail stuck through a Styrofoam packing peanut and floating it in a bowl of water. Darned if that floating nail didn't stubbornly turn to point in the same direction, no matter what direction we tried to turn it!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Station 3 was about mapping the invisible magnetic force field surrounding various magnets. Human eyes cannot see magnetic fields—but they are there and have an influence. I had constructed magnetic field mapping devices for this purpose: used CD jewel cases, with paper labeling removed, filled with a sprinkling of iron filings. When shaken gently back and forth—as if panning for gold—the iron filings align and connect in gritty little strings and conform to the pattern of the magnetic field. The strong field converging at the two poles of a magnet were boldly evident, but also to be seen were the more tenuous curls of field lines arcing through the space around the magnet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The patterns formed by the filings were very similar to the patterns seen in \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hinode/solar_022.html\">images of sunspots \u003c/a>we compared them to. On the Sun, it is not iron filings that \u003ca href=\"http://www.solarviews.com/eng/hinode.htm\">trace the invisible magnetic fields\u003c/a> for us to see, but hot, electrically charged gas, or plasma (mostly hydrogen and helium, but also traces of calcium, iron, and other elements). Electric charges (electrons and ionized atomic nuclei) are \u003ca href=\"http://www.spaceweathercenter.org/amazing_plasmas/01/magnetobowling.html\">strongly affected by magnetic\u003c/a> fields when they move through them. Numerous \u003ca href=\"http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/data/realtime-images.html\">ultraviolet images\u003c/a> of the Sun were available on computer screens around the lab for visitors to compare the magnetic patterns and shapes to. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We had more: building an electromagnet from wire, an iron nail, and a battery. This demonstrates how magnetic fields are created by moving electric charge—in the electrically conductive wire of the electromagnet, in the circulation of electrical current inside the Earth's iron core, and in the motions of plasma on the Sun. It's all moving electricity, friend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We also conducted \"Magnetic Yacht Races\": pushing, via the repulsion of like poles, a floating, magnetized 'yacht' across a pond of water. The challenge of steering and propelling the yachts led to some interesting yacht designs; certain configurations of packing peanuts and iron nails proved easier to maneuver and accelerate than others. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Happy Sun Earth Day 2010! I wonder what we'll be doing next year….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/5392/sun-earth-day-magnetic-magic","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3","quest_16"],"tags":["quest_674","quest_902","quest_955","quest_1712","quest_1716","quest_1718","quest_1918","quest_2221","quest_2827"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/possible-5gxfizEbKOJ-pbF5ASgxrs_.1400x1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ATC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0018_AmericanSuburb_iTunesTile_01.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0017_BayCurious_iTunesTile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/BBC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. 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