Three California Counties Vote on Fracking Bans this November
Biodiesel Power
Side Trips from Interstate 5: Kettleman Hills
California Prepares First Fracking Regulations, Joining Nationwide Debate
With Large Oil Reserve, California Faces Fracking Debate
Fracking in Urban Oilfields: A New Study Sparks More Debate
The Fungus Among Us Could Help Clean Oily Soil
Fracking in California: Any Cause For Concern?
Side Trips from Interstate 5: Coalinga Country
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In writing about geology in the Bay Area and surroundings, he hopes to share some of the useful and pleasurable insights that geologists give us—not just facts about the deep past, but an attitude that might be called the \u003ci>deep present\u003c/i>.\r\n\r\nRead his \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/andrew-alden/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Andrew Alden | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/andrew-alden"},"davidhuppert":{"type":"authors","id":"10296","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10296","found":true},"name":"David Huppert","firstName":"David","lastName":"Huppert","slug":"davidhuppert","email":"dhuppert@unctv.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"As a producer/reporter for UNC-TV, David Huppert has spent the last 6 years immersing himself in the Old North State's culture and folklore, consuming as much of state's rich legacy (and barbecue) as possible.\r\n\r\nDavid returns to UNC-TV after a one-year hiatus in NYC where he produced for CBS This Morning. Since 2000 David has produced pieces for public television (UNC-TV, Charlie Rose) and commercial news (CBS, FNC’s The O’Reilly Factor, CNBC).\r\n\r\nWhen he’s not telling stories for television, David is either working on a documentary about Alaska’s Wrangell-St. Elias National Park, or gallivanting around North Carolina with his wife, @mediumish. You can follow him @hupdiggs and at vimeo.com/davidhuppert","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ee54583217cf12dbdba4ce61ceacb7fd?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["leadcoordinator","subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"David Huppert | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ee54583217cf12dbdba4ce61ceacb7fd?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ee54583217cf12dbdba4ce61ceacb7fd?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/davidhuppert"},"melissaefellet":{"type":"authors","id":"10331","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10331","found":true},"name":"Melissae Fellet","firstName":"Melissae","lastName":"Fellet","slug":"melissaefellet","email":"melissae.fellet@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Melissae Fellet is a freelance science writer obsessed with electrons, atoms and molecules. Writing about chemistry, physics and technology, she hopes to reveal how the invisible building blocks of matter influence things like plastics, perfumed shampoos and the speedy computer chips we use everyday. She holds a BS in biochemistry and microbiology from the University of Florida and a PhD in chemistry from Washington University in St. Louis. She spends sunny days at her home in Santa Cruz either watching otters in the bay or tromping around the redwood forests.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/47ca62221ec1d28f17ff031462d02e0d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Melissae Fellet | 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known as “fracking.” San Benito activists were the first to qualify an anti-fracking initiative in the state, in response to Governor Jerry Brown’s decision to allow the technique to move forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Additional Links\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/10/10/anti-fracking-activists-in-california-take-fight-to-county-ballots/\">Anti-Fracking Activists in California Take Fight to County Ballots\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/series/fracking-california/\">KQED Science coverage of fracking\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WOJUu3T-EY4\">KQED NEWSROOM Special Edition: The Fracking Debate Heats Up In California\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Santa Barbara, Mendocino and San Benito counties will vote on hydraulic fracturing this November. San Benito activists were the first to qualify a ballot initiative to ban the controversial oil- and gas-extraction technique.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442636531,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":5,"wordCount":139},"headData":{"title":"Three California Counties Vote on Fracking Bans this November | KQED","description":"Santa Barbara, Mendocino and San Benito counties will vote on hydraulic fracturing this November. San Benito activists were the first to qualify a ballot initiative to ban the controversial oil- and gas-extraction technique.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"72343 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=72343","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/10/27/three-california-counties-vote-on-fracking-bans-this-november/","disqusTitle":"Three California Counties Vote on Fracking Bans this November","videoEmbed":"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W2NeqeaSFTc","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/72343/three-california-counties-vote-on-fracking-bans-this-november","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Video reported by Gabriela Quirós and Lauren Sommer, who narrates.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Nov. 6:\u003c/strong> In the Nov. 4 election, San Benito and Mendocino counties passed bans on fracking, while Santa Barbara’s ballot initiative failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post Oct. 27:\u003c/strong> Three California counties – Santa Barbara, Mendocino and San Benito – will decide this November on ballot initiatives that ask voters to ban hydraulic fracturing, the controversial oil- and gas-extraction technique known as “fracking.” San Benito activists were the first to qualify an anti-fracking initiative in the state, in response to Governor Jerry Brown’s decision to allow the technique to move forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Additional Links\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/10/10/anti-fracking-activists-in-california-take-fight-to-county-ballots/\">Anti-Fracking Activists in California Take Fight to County Ballots\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/series/fracking-california/\">KQED Science coverage of fracking\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WOJUu3T-EY4\">KQED NEWSROOM Special Edition: The Fracking Debate Heats Up In California\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/72343/three-california-counties-vote-on-fracking-bans-this-november","authors":["6186"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_9","quest_11","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_13000","quest_438","quest_10978","quest_12269","quest_10979","quest_3351","quest_13002","quest_13001","quest_12999","quest_2057","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_13","quest_12998","quest_2893","quest_3071"],"featImg":"quest_72344","label":"source_quest_72343"},"quest_60342":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_60342","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"60342","score":null,"sort":[1382018427000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"biodiesel-power","title":"Biodiesel Power","publishDate":1382018427,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Honk if you know the person who brewed your car's fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyone?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pose that question in Pittsboro, North Carolina, and you’re likely to hear a symphony of Volkswagens and Mercedes proudly tooting their local laborers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Pittsboro, “Drive Local” has become the new “Eat Local.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61806\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/willie_lyle_leif_rachel1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-61806\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/willie_lyle_leif_rachel1-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Piedmont Biofuels co-founders with Willie Nelson. Photo courtesy Tami Schwerin \" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Willie Nelson poses with Piedmont Biofuels co-founders while filling his tour bus with biodiesel. Photo courtesy Tami Schwerin\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It all started about a decade ago when Lyle Estill, Rachel Burton and Leif Forer began making biodiesel in Lyle’s backyard. Their goal was simple: make enough fuel so they no longer had to fill up at gas stations. Their DIY spirit -- coupled with a genuine desire to reduce their dependence on fossil fuels -- inspired the threesome to launch Piedmont Biofuels, a small-scale biodiesel manufacturing company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Located in bucolic North Carolina, about 30 minutes outside of Raleigh, the company offered a novel product: clean, local, and sustainable fuel for Pittsboro’s diesel-powered vehicles. Ten years (and a few exploded reactors) later, Piedmont Biofuels manufactures a million gallons of B-100, or 100 percent biodiesel, annually for its more than 300 members.\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can It Work for You?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nRight now you may be wondering what biodiesel is and if you can use it in your new Jetta TDI. Forer explained, “Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel made from vegetable oil instead of crude petroleum oil. Biodiesel can be used wherever conventional petroleum diesel is used.” Estill, who hasn’t been to a gas station since 2002, says any diesel engine can run on biodiesel without any modification. “You simply fill up and go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61180\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/yellow_grease.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-61180\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/yellow_grease-280x253.jpg\" alt=\"yellow_grease\" width=\"280\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Used vegetable oil is turned into 100% Biodiesel through a process called transesterification. Photo by David Huppert\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Green Chemistry\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nPiedmont’s biodiesel is made with a chemical process called \u003cstrong>transesterification\u003c/strong>. The process begins when feedstocks -- anything from soybeans to turkey fat to used vegetable oil -- are mixed with methanol in the presence of a catalyst, such as potassium hydroxide. The result is \u003ca href=\"http://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/biodiesel_benefits.html\">clean-burning fuel\u003c/a> made from mostly locally sourced byproducts. No need to extract petroleum from Earth’s crust, no offshore oil tankers, and no refineries in the Gulf of Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main feedstock in Piedmont’s blend comes in the form of used cooking oil from the deep fryers in local restaurants. This “yellow grease,” as it’s called, is in high demand and functions as a relatively clean, stable base for biodiesel. But it’s expensive, and Piedmont is constantly on the lookout for cheaper sustainable feedstocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>From Grease Traps to Greased Lightning\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Walk around Piedmont’s sprawling farm-meets-lab campus and pretty soon you realize that you’re surrounded by innovators. From seed-saving farmers to enzyme-incubating scientists, everyone is looking to make a big difference using low-impact techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61800\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/RB_LE_earlybrew1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-61800 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/RB_LE_earlybrew1-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"RB_LE_earlybrew\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Burton and Estill working on an early batch of home-brewed biodiesel in Estill's backyard. Photo courtesy Tami Schwerin\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One thing that has the whole place jumping is the new \u003ca href=\"http://www.biofuels.coop/enzymatic-biodiesel\">enzymatic reactor\u003c/a>. Burton, who helped design the one-of-a-kind reactor, says the new technology will enable biodiesel manufacturers to utilize a wider range of feedstocks, such as brown grease (think sludgy grease traps). Under the current workflow, brown grease is too contaminated to turn into biodiesel. Manufactures pay a premium for high-quality yellow grease, and the cost is reflected in their fuel’s price (Piedmont’s fuel usually sells around 10 cents above the petroleum average). The price point is why the enzymatic reactor has the potential to be a game changer. By using lower quality (and cheaper) grease, biodiesel manufacturers may soon see costs drop to the point where they can consistently compete with their petroleum counterparts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as Estill says, his hope is not necessarily to outsell big oil in small towns throughout North Carolina. The Piedmont Biofuels project is “demonstrative,” proving that communities can power themselves with a few local ingredients, and a lot of ingenuity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61187\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 496px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Lyle_grease_21.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-61187\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Lyle_grease_21-496x360.jpg\" alt=\"Lyle_grease_2\" width=\"496\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Estill, who's official title is VP of Stuff, collects used vegetable oil from Carolina Brewery in Pittsboro, NC. Photo by David Huppert\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\n\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"From the deep fryer to the fuel tank, how one North Carolina company is using cooking grease to power a community.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457564977,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":711},"headData":{"title":"Biodiesel Power | KQED","description":"From the deep fryer to the fuel tank, how one North Carolina company is using cooking grease to power a community.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"60342 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=60342","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/10/17/biodiesel-power/","disqusTitle":"Biodiesel Power","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d5bGCkakxW4","path":"/quest/60342/biodiesel-power","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Honk if you know the person who brewed your car's fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyone?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pose that question in Pittsboro, North Carolina, and you’re likely to hear a symphony of Volkswagens and Mercedes proudly tooting their local laborers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Pittsboro, “Drive Local” has become the new “Eat Local.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61806\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/willie_lyle_leif_rachel1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-61806\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/willie_lyle_leif_rachel1-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Piedmont Biofuels co-founders with Willie Nelson. Photo courtesy Tami Schwerin \" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Willie Nelson poses with Piedmont Biofuels co-founders while filling his tour bus with biodiesel. Photo courtesy Tami Schwerin\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It all started about a decade ago when Lyle Estill, Rachel Burton and Leif Forer began making biodiesel in Lyle’s backyard. Their goal was simple: make enough fuel so they no longer had to fill up at gas stations. Their DIY spirit -- coupled with a genuine desire to reduce their dependence on fossil fuels -- inspired the threesome to launch Piedmont Biofuels, a small-scale biodiesel manufacturing company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Located in bucolic North Carolina, about 30 minutes outside of Raleigh, the company offered a novel product: clean, local, and sustainable fuel for Pittsboro’s diesel-powered vehicles. Ten years (and a few exploded reactors) later, Piedmont Biofuels manufactures a million gallons of B-100, or 100 percent biodiesel, annually for its more than 300 members.\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can It Work for You?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nRight now you may be wondering what biodiesel is and if you can use it in your new Jetta TDI. Forer explained, “Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel made from vegetable oil instead of crude petroleum oil. Biodiesel can be used wherever conventional petroleum diesel is used.” Estill, who hasn’t been to a gas station since 2002, says any diesel engine can run on biodiesel without any modification. “You simply fill up and go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61180\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/yellow_grease.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-61180\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/yellow_grease-280x253.jpg\" alt=\"yellow_grease\" width=\"280\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Used vegetable oil is turned into 100% Biodiesel through a process called transesterification. Photo by David Huppert\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Green Chemistry\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nPiedmont’s biodiesel is made with a chemical process called \u003cstrong>transesterification\u003c/strong>. The process begins when feedstocks -- anything from soybeans to turkey fat to used vegetable oil -- are mixed with methanol in the presence of a catalyst, such as potassium hydroxide. The result is \u003ca href=\"http://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/biodiesel_benefits.html\">clean-burning fuel\u003c/a> made from mostly locally sourced byproducts. No need to extract petroleum from Earth’s crust, no offshore oil tankers, and no refineries in the Gulf of Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main feedstock in Piedmont’s blend comes in the form of used cooking oil from the deep fryers in local restaurants. This “yellow grease,” as it’s called, is in high demand and functions as a relatively clean, stable base for biodiesel. But it’s expensive, and Piedmont is constantly on the lookout for cheaper sustainable feedstocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>From Grease Traps to Greased Lightning\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Walk around Piedmont’s sprawling farm-meets-lab campus and pretty soon you realize that you’re surrounded by innovators. From seed-saving farmers to enzyme-incubating scientists, everyone is looking to make a big difference using low-impact techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61800\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/RB_LE_earlybrew1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-61800 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/RB_LE_earlybrew1-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"RB_LE_earlybrew\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Burton and Estill working on an early batch of home-brewed biodiesel in Estill's backyard. Photo courtesy Tami Schwerin\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One thing that has the whole place jumping is the new \u003ca href=\"http://www.biofuels.coop/enzymatic-biodiesel\">enzymatic reactor\u003c/a>. Burton, who helped design the one-of-a-kind reactor, says the new technology will enable biodiesel manufacturers to utilize a wider range of feedstocks, such as brown grease (think sludgy grease traps). Under the current workflow, brown grease is too contaminated to turn into biodiesel. Manufactures pay a premium for high-quality yellow grease, and the cost is reflected in their fuel’s price (Piedmont’s fuel usually sells around 10 cents above the petroleum average). The price point is why the enzymatic reactor has the potential to be a game changer. By using lower quality (and cheaper) grease, biodiesel manufacturers may soon see costs drop to the point where they can consistently compete with their petroleum counterparts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as Estill says, his hope is not necessarily to outsell big oil in small towns throughout North Carolina. The Piedmont Biofuels project is “demonstrative,” proving that communities can power themselves with a few local ingredients, and a lot of ingenuity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61187\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 496px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Lyle_grease_21.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-61187\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Lyle_grease_21-496x360.jpg\" alt=\"Lyle_grease_2\" width=\"496\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Estill, who's official title is VP of Stuff, collects used vegetable oil from Carolina Brewery in Pittsboro, NC. Photo by David Huppert\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\n\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/60342/biodiesel-power","authors":["10296"],"categories":["quest_5","quest_8","quest_3229","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_10995","quest_329","quest_482","quest_499","quest_637","quest_13198","quest_1023","quest_12269","quest_12308","quest_2057","quest_2141","quest_12307","quest_2349","quest_10427","quest_13364","quest_2893","quest_2983","quest_10363","quest_10303","quest_3071"],"featImg":"quest_61975","label":"quest"},"quest_50103":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_50103","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"50103","score":null,"sort":[1362081575000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"side-trips-from-interstate-5-kettleman-hills","title":"Side Trips from Interstate 5: Kettleman Hills","publishDate":1362081575,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>As you head south on I-5 past Coalinga, the road runs just east of a long range of hills. From on high, and on the geologic map, the Kettleman Hills are a dramatic and obvious example of an anticlinal arch. The center is uplifted and dissected by erosion, so that the insides are the older rocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/28/side-trips-from-interstate-5-kettleman-hills/kethillsgeomap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50107\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillsgeomap.png\" alt=\"kethillsgeomap\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-50107\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillsgeomap.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillsgeomap-400x267.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These hills drew the attention of oil drillers early on, but their holes came up dry until October 3rd, 1928, when a well struck a highly overpressured reservoir some 7000 feet down. A gusher resulted that lasted for three years. Oil production from the field was so great that the market was depressed and several other oil-producing states grumbled about the lack of regulation in California. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50111\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/28/side-trips-from-interstate-5-kettleman-hills/kethillswellhead/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50111\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillswellhead.jpg\" alt=\"Massive Christmas tree of well controls used in the Kettleman Hills North Dome oil field\" width=\"600\" height=\"468\" class=\"size-full wp-image-50111\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillswellhead.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillswellhead-400x312.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Massive \"Christmas tree\" of well controls used in the Kettleman Hills North Dome oil field. Photo courtesy {link url=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/bilbord99/\"}Bill Mulder{/link} of flickr under Creative Commons license\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The town of Avenal arose with the oil boom, along with a host of businesses based on petroleum. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50104\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/28/side-trips-from-interstate-5-kettleman-hills/kettlemanking/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50104\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kettlemanking.png\" alt=\"This company was later acquired by Beacon.\" width=\"600\" height=\"453\" class=\"size-full wp-image-50104\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kettlemanking.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kettlemanking-400x302.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This company was later acquired by Beacon. Photo courtesy {link url=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/thomashawk/\"}Thomas Hawk{/link} of Flickr under Creative Commons license\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The classic geologic treatment of the Kettleman Hills oil field was issued in 1940 by the U.S. Geological Survey as \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp195\">Professional Paper 195\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today the field is almost played out, although you can never discount new advances that might revive it. But the hills remain, blooming every spring. And the roadcuts, where you can access them, are still \u003ca href=\"http://inyo.coffeecup.com/site/kh/kettleman.html\">full of fossils\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50109\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/28/side-trips-from-interstate-5-kettleman-hills/kethillssanddollar/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50109\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillssanddollar.jpg\" alt=\"The sand dollar Dendraster gibbsi\" width=\"500\" height=\"484\" class=\"size-full wp-image-50109\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillssanddollar.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillssanddollar-400x387.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillssanddollar-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The sand dollar Dendraster gibbsi, 43 millimeters across, from the interior of the Kettleman Hills. Photo courtesy {link url=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/\"}James St. John{/link} of Flickr under Creative Commons license\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You can cross the hills in three places, two of them busy highways: the Avenal cutoff in the north and state route 41 in the middle. I've tried looking for places to pull over on these roads and it basically shouldn't be done. Take the third way, farther south starting at the Utica Avenue exit; head west and then immediately south on 25th Avenue, taking it all the way to Twisselman Road and back to the freeway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/28/side-trips-from-interstate-5-kettleman-hills/kethillsroutemap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50108\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillsroutemap.png\" alt=\"kethillsroutemap\" width=\"600\" height=\"425\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-50108\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillsroutemap.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillsroutemap-400x283.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The edge of the hills is marked by the California Aqueduct, which is always worth contemplating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50106\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/28/side-trips-from-interstate-5-kettleman-hills/kethillsaqueduct/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50106\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillsaqueduct.jpg\" alt=\"Photos by Andrew Alden\" width=\"600\" height=\"362\" class=\"size-full wp-image-50106\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillsaqueduct.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillsaqueduct-400x241.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are a few roadcuts worth checking out. They all seem to be full of fossils dating from the Pleistocene, when the Central Valley was an arm of the sea. With the compression of the Coast Ranges, outlying folds in the crust of the San Joaquin Valley were pushed up into anticlines which formed traps for huge amounts of oil and gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/28/side-trips-from-interstate-5-kettleman-hills/kethillfossils/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50105\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillfossils.jpg\" alt=\"kethillfossils\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-50105\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillfossils.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillfossils-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where Devil's Den Road splits off is the gap between the Middle and South Domes of the Kettleman Hills. East of there was the shoreline of Tulare Lake, an inland sea that was drained away long ago by the farms and cities of the Great Valley. Imagine the effect it must have had on the local climate here. This countryside, at its best, is worlds away from I-5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/28/side-trips-from-interstate-5-kettleman-hills/kethillstop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50110\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillstop.jpg\" alt=\"kethillstop\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-50110\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillstop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillstop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember, the point of a side trip is not to rushplenty of opportunity for that on the freewayand be ready to stop and smell the flowers, or at least sniff the breeze.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"This side trip takes you into the quiet range of hills that runs along the freeway south of Coalinga.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1362707277,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":568},"headData":{"title":"Side Trips from Interstate 5: Kettleman Hills | KQED","description":"This side trip takes you into the quiet range of hills that runs along the freeway south of Coalinga.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"50103 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=50103","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/28/side-trips-from-interstate-5-kettleman-hills/","disqusTitle":"Side Trips from Interstate 5: Kettleman Hills","path":"/quest/50103/side-trips-from-interstate-5-kettleman-hills","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As you head south on I-5 past Coalinga, the road runs just east of a long range of hills. From on high, and on the geologic map, the Kettleman Hills are a dramatic and obvious example of an anticlinal arch. The center is uplifted and dissected by erosion, so that the insides are the older rocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/28/side-trips-from-interstate-5-kettleman-hills/kethillsgeomap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50107\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillsgeomap.png\" alt=\"kethillsgeomap\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-50107\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillsgeomap.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillsgeomap-400x267.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These hills drew the attention of oil drillers early on, but their holes came up dry until October 3rd, 1928, when a well struck a highly overpressured reservoir some 7000 feet down. A gusher resulted that lasted for three years. Oil production from the field was so great that the market was depressed and several other oil-producing states grumbled about the lack of regulation in California. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50111\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/28/side-trips-from-interstate-5-kettleman-hills/kethillswellhead/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50111\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillswellhead.jpg\" alt=\"Massive Christmas tree of well controls used in the Kettleman Hills North Dome oil field\" width=\"600\" height=\"468\" class=\"size-full wp-image-50111\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillswellhead.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillswellhead-400x312.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Massive \"Christmas tree\" of well controls used in the Kettleman Hills North Dome oil field. Photo courtesy {link url=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/bilbord99/\"}Bill Mulder{/link} of flickr under Creative Commons license\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The town of Avenal arose with the oil boom, along with a host of businesses based on petroleum. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50104\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/28/side-trips-from-interstate-5-kettleman-hills/kettlemanking/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50104\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kettlemanking.png\" alt=\"This company was later acquired by Beacon.\" width=\"600\" height=\"453\" class=\"size-full wp-image-50104\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kettlemanking.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kettlemanking-400x302.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This company was later acquired by Beacon. Photo courtesy {link url=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/thomashawk/\"}Thomas Hawk{/link} of Flickr under Creative Commons license\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The classic geologic treatment of the Kettleman Hills oil field was issued in 1940 by the U.S. Geological Survey as \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp195\">Professional Paper 195\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today the field is almost played out, although you can never discount new advances that might revive it. But the hills remain, blooming every spring. And the roadcuts, where you can access them, are still \u003ca href=\"http://inyo.coffeecup.com/site/kh/kettleman.html\">full of fossils\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50109\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/28/side-trips-from-interstate-5-kettleman-hills/kethillssanddollar/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50109\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillssanddollar.jpg\" alt=\"The sand dollar Dendraster gibbsi\" width=\"500\" height=\"484\" class=\"size-full wp-image-50109\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillssanddollar.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillssanddollar-400x387.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillssanddollar-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The sand dollar Dendraster gibbsi, 43 millimeters across, from the interior of the Kettleman Hills. Photo courtesy {link url=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/\"}James St. John{/link} of Flickr under Creative Commons license\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You can cross the hills in three places, two of them busy highways: the Avenal cutoff in the north and state route 41 in the middle. I've tried looking for places to pull over on these roads and it basically shouldn't be done. Take the third way, farther south starting at the Utica Avenue exit; head west and then immediately south on 25th Avenue, taking it all the way to Twisselman Road and back to the freeway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/28/side-trips-from-interstate-5-kettleman-hills/kethillsroutemap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50108\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillsroutemap.png\" alt=\"kethillsroutemap\" width=\"600\" height=\"425\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-50108\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillsroutemap.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillsroutemap-400x283.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The edge of the hills is marked by the California Aqueduct, which is always worth contemplating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50106\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/28/side-trips-from-interstate-5-kettleman-hills/kethillsaqueduct/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50106\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillsaqueduct.jpg\" alt=\"Photos by Andrew Alden\" width=\"600\" height=\"362\" class=\"size-full wp-image-50106\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillsaqueduct.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillsaqueduct-400x241.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are a few roadcuts worth checking out. They all seem to be full of fossils dating from the Pleistocene, when the Central Valley was an arm of the sea. With the compression of the Coast Ranges, outlying folds in the crust of the San Joaquin Valley were pushed up into anticlines which formed traps for huge amounts of oil and gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/28/side-trips-from-interstate-5-kettleman-hills/kethillfossils/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50105\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillfossils.jpg\" alt=\"kethillfossils\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-50105\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillfossils.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillfossils-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where Devil's Den Road splits off is the gap between the Middle and South Domes of the Kettleman Hills. East of there was the shoreline of Tulare Lake, an inland sea that was drained away long ago by the farms and cities of the Great Valley. Imagine the effect it must have had on the local climate here. This countryside, at its best, is worlds away from I-5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/28/side-trips-from-interstate-5-kettleman-hills/kethillstop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50110\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillstop.jpg\" alt=\"kethillstop\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-50110\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillstop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/kethillstop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember, the point of a side trip is not to rushplenty of opportunity for that on the freewayand be ready to stop and smell the flowers, or at least sniff the breeze.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/50103/side-trips-from-interstate-5-kettleman-hills","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_639","quest_13200","quest_11797","quest_9804","quest_2057","quest_2169","quest_13202"],"featImg":"quest_50110","label":"quest"},"quest_47968":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_47968","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"47968","score":null,"sort":[1355762714000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-prepares-first-fracking-regulations-joining-nationwide-debate","title":"California Prepares First Fracking Regulations, Joining Nationwide Debate","publishDate":1355762714,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/12/20121217science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>UPDATE: California released \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/Index/Pages/Index.aspx\">draft fracking regulations\u003c/a> on December 18. Read a breakdown of the new regulations on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/12/18/calif-regulators-release-draft-fracking-regulations/#regulations\">KQED's News Fix blog\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47969\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/12/KernCounty.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-47969\" title=\"KernCounty\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/12/KernCounty-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An oil field in Kern County. Regulators says fracking has been used in California for five decades. (Photo: Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The controversial drilling technique known as hydraulic fracturing has created an oil and gas boom around the country – and that’s left state governments grappling with how to regulate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, California is wading into that fight. State regulators are expected to release California’s first rules on fracking by the end of the month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydraulic fracturing has revived oil and gas development in places like West Texas. Thirty years ago, the oil industry there went bust. Now, it’s booming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t do things the way we used to do them,” says Ben Shepperd, president of the Permian Basin Petroleum Association, a regional trade group in West Texas. He’s standing next to a towering rig that’s drilling a new oil well on the outskirts of Midland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the 20s, a frack job was: once you drill a hole, you drop TNT down the hole and crack the rock that way. That was an old-fashioned frack job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fracking technology has come a long way since then. Oil companies drill horizontally underground along a layer of oil-saturated shale rock. Then, they inject water mixed with sand and chemicals into the well at high pressure. That cracks the rock, releasing the oil inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shepperd says companies are spending a billion dollars a month on drilling in West Texas. But that activity has brought new attention and new rules on things like the spacing of wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The city of Midland updated their drilling ordinance to require setback distances and to require notification of landowners,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around the country, regulating fracking has been largely up to state, county and even city governments. In places where hundreds of new wells have gone in like Pennsylvania, Colorado, and New York, the battles have gotten ugly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[box size=small align=right color=white]\u003cstrong>More Coverage\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See part one from this series - \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/with-large-oil-reserve-california-faces-fracking-debate/\">California Faces Fracking Debate\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Q&A - \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/12/14/how-do-californias-fracking-regulations-compare-to-other-states/\">How other states are regulating fracking\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n[/box]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we were late to this game,” says Bill Allayaud of the non-profit Environmental Working Group. He says just a few years ago, it wasn’t clear if fracking was widespread in California. So, he asked state regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They said we don’t need to frack here. We don’t need to get gas out of the ground that way. But it turns out we’ve been getting oil out of the ground that way for decades,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/dog/Pages/Index.aspx\">Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources\u003c/a> (DOGGR) confirms that fracking has been used in the state for 50 years. The agency doesn’t require drillers to specifically report fracking, so it couldn’t say where it’s been happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That began to worry Allyaud as issues emerged around the country. “There’ve been well blowouts, there’s been spills into water bodies, there’s been contamination of groundwater,” he says. There have also been reports of health effects. But in most cases, the studies haven’t been conclusive on whether fracking was responsible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe some is true, maybe some isn’t. But we’re pretty sure there’s enough solid evidence now to ask more questions, to get better scrutiny, to make sure here in California that we’re up to the task,” says Allayaud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Working Group and others co-sponsored a bill in the state legislature that would have required more disclosure about fracking. It failed two years in a row - amid opposition from the oil industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, state regulators are stepping in. They’re drafting fracking regulations for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Upcoming Draft Regulations\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve heard this often – this was an unregulated activity,” says Tupper Hull, a lobbyist with the Western States Petroleum Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a statement that we strongly disagree with. This is a state where industrial activities and certainly oil and gas activities are heavily regulated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But because of the new attention, Hull says many oil companies are now voluntarily reporting where they’re fracking on the \u003ca href=\"http://fracfocus.org/\">FracFocus website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We recognize that there’s a desire on the part of a lot of people to see disclosure and we fully expect that we will be required to disclose the chemicals that are used in hydraulic fracture, the location of hydraulic fracturing,” Hull says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What these regulations are focusing on is really to make sure the operators are pre-planning the frack job to make sure it’s done correctly, monitoring during fracking and reporting after,” says Tim Kustic of DOGGR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of this has already been going on, It just hasn’t been captured in regulations. It’s just industry’s best practice,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47971\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/12/Texas.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-47971\" title=\"Texas\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/12/Texas.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"240\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Drilling site in West Texas, where hydraulic fracturing has led to an oil development boom. (Photo: Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kustic says the regulations probably won’t make drillers disclose the precise chemical recipe of their fracking fluids, since it's considered a trade secret. And when it comes to monitoring groundwater around fracking sites to detect contamination, Kustic says that will likely be left to the State Water Resources Control Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s California’s complex geology. “You don’t want to be hydraulically fracturing an active fault,” says Mark Zoback, a geophysicist at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the likelihood that fracking would cause a big earthquake is relatively low. But there could be an issue with the fracking waste water. Drillers often dispose of it by injecting it in underground wells, which builds up pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It takes a big fault to make a big earthquake. And it’s sort of a no-brainer – you don’t inject into existing faults, especially big ones,” Zoback says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State regulators aren’t likely to deal with that in the fracking regulations, but Zoback says it’s something they’ll have to pay attention to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know it’s not hydraulic fracturing is good or hydraulic fracturing is bad. Hydraulic fracturing is safe or hydraulic fracturing is unsafe. On a case by case basis, you have to consider what’s safe to do and what’s not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State regulators hope to finalize California’s first fracking regulations sometime next year.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The controversial drilling technique known as hydraulic fracturing has created an oil and gas boom around the country – and that’s left state governments grappling with how to regulate it. Now, California is wading into that fight.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1356731868,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":36,"wordCount":1156},"headData":{"title":"California Prepares First Fracking Regulations, Joining Nationwide Debate | KQED","description":"The controversial drilling technique known as hydraulic fracturing has created an oil and gas boom around the country – and that’s left state governments grappling with how to regulate it. Now, California is wading into that fight.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"47968 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=47968","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/12/17/california-prepares-first-fracking-regulations-joining-nationwide-debate/","disqusTitle":"California Prepares First Fracking Regulations, Joining Nationwide Debate","WpOldSlug":"west-coast-a-test-bed-for-ocean-acidification-2","path":"/quest/47968/california-prepares-first-fracking-regulations-joining-nationwide-debate","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/12/20121217science.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/12/20121217science.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>UPDATE: California released \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/Index/Pages/Index.aspx\">draft fracking regulations\u003c/a> on December 18. Read a breakdown of the new regulations on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/12/18/calif-regulators-release-draft-fracking-regulations/#regulations\">KQED's News Fix blog\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47969\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/12/KernCounty.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-47969\" title=\"KernCounty\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/12/KernCounty-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An oil field in Kern County. Regulators says fracking has been used in California for five decades. (Photo: Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The controversial drilling technique known as hydraulic fracturing has created an oil and gas boom around the country – and that’s left state governments grappling with how to regulate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, California is wading into that fight. State regulators are expected to release California’s first rules on fracking by the end of the month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydraulic fracturing has revived oil and gas development in places like West Texas. Thirty years ago, the oil industry there went bust. Now, it’s booming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t do things the way we used to do them,” says Ben Shepperd, president of the Permian Basin Petroleum Association, a regional trade group in West Texas. He’s standing next to a towering rig that’s drilling a new oil well on the outskirts of Midland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the 20s, a frack job was: once you drill a hole, you drop TNT down the hole and crack the rock that way. That was an old-fashioned frack job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fracking technology has come a long way since then. Oil companies drill horizontally underground along a layer of oil-saturated shale rock. Then, they inject water mixed with sand and chemicals into the well at high pressure. That cracks the rock, releasing the oil inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shepperd says companies are spending a billion dollars a month on drilling in West Texas. But that activity has brought new attention and new rules on things like the spacing of wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The city of Midland updated their drilling ordinance to require setback distances and to require notification of landowners,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around the country, regulating fracking has been largely up to state, county and even city governments. In places where hundreds of new wells have gone in like Pennsylvania, Colorado, and New York, the battles have gotten ugly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[box size=small align=right color=white]\u003cstrong>More Coverage\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See part one from this series - \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/with-large-oil-reserve-california-faces-fracking-debate/\">California Faces Fracking Debate\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Q&A - \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/12/14/how-do-californias-fracking-regulations-compare-to-other-states/\">How other states are regulating fracking\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n[/box]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we were late to this game,” says Bill Allayaud of the non-profit Environmental Working Group. He says just a few years ago, it wasn’t clear if fracking was widespread in California. So, he asked state regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They said we don’t need to frack here. We don’t need to get gas out of the ground that way. But it turns out we’ve been getting oil out of the ground that way for decades,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/dog/Pages/Index.aspx\">Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources\u003c/a> (DOGGR) confirms that fracking has been used in the state for 50 years. The agency doesn’t require drillers to specifically report fracking, so it couldn’t say where it’s been happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That began to worry Allyaud as issues emerged around the country. “There’ve been well blowouts, there’s been spills into water bodies, there’s been contamination of groundwater,” he says. There have also been reports of health effects. But in most cases, the studies haven’t been conclusive on whether fracking was responsible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe some is true, maybe some isn’t. But we’re pretty sure there’s enough solid evidence now to ask more questions, to get better scrutiny, to make sure here in California that we’re up to the task,” says Allayaud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Working Group and others co-sponsored a bill in the state legislature that would have required more disclosure about fracking. It failed two years in a row - amid opposition from the oil industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, state regulators are stepping in. They’re drafting fracking regulations for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Upcoming Draft Regulations\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve heard this often – this was an unregulated activity,” says Tupper Hull, a lobbyist with the Western States Petroleum Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a statement that we strongly disagree with. This is a state where industrial activities and certainly oil and gas activities are heavily regulated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But because of the new attention, Hull says many oil companies are now voluntarily reporting where they’re fracking on the \u003ca href=\"http://fracfocus.org/\">FracFocus website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We recognize that there’s a desire on the part of a lot of people to see disclosure and we fully expect that we will be required to disclose the chemicals that are used in hydraulic fracture, the location of hydraulic fracturing,” Hull says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What these regulations are focusing on is really to make sure the operators are pre-planning the frack job to make sure it’s done correctly, monitoring during fracking and reporting after,” says Tim Kustic of DOGGR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of this has already been going on, It just hasn’t been captured in regulations. It’s just industry’s best practice,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47971\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/12/Texas.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-47971\" title=\"Texas\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/12/Texas.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"240\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Drilling site in West Texas, where hydraulic fracturing has led to an oil development boom. (Photo: Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kustic says the regulations probably won’t make drillers disclose the precise chemical recipe of their fracking fluids, since it's considered a trade secret. And when it comes to monitoring groundwater around fracking sites to detect contamination, Kustic says that will likely be left to the State Water Resources Control Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s California’s complex geology. “You don’t want to be hydraulically fracturing an active fault,” says Mark Zoback, a geophysicist at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the likelihood that fracking would cause a big earthquake is relatively low. But there could be an issue with the fracking waste water. Drillers often dispose of it by injecting it in underground wells, which builds up pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It takes a big fault to make a big earthquake. And it’s sort of a no-brainer – you don’t inject into existing faults, especially big ones,” Zoback says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State regulators aren’t likely to deal with that in the fracking regulations, but Zoback says it’s something they’ll have to pay attention to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know it’s not hydraulic fracturing is good or hydraulic fracturing is bad. Hydraulic fracturing is safe or hydraulic fracturing is unsafe. On a case by case basis, you have to consider what’s safe to do and what’s not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State regulators hope to finalize California’s first fracking regulations sometime next year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/47968/california-prepares-first-fracking-regulations-joining-nationwide-debate","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_984","quest_1134","quest_10978","quest_1173","quest_10979","quest_11518","quest_13203","quest_2057","quest_3108"],"featImg":"quest_47969","label":"quest"},"quest_47738":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_47738","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"47738","score":null,"sort":[1354921842000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"with-large-oil-reserve-california-faces-fracking-debate","title":"With Large Oil Reserve, California Faces Fracking Debate","publishDate":1354921842,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/12/20121210science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47739\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/12/Monterey-fracking.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-47739\" title=\"Monterey-fracking\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/12/Monterey-fracking-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vineyards in Southern Monterey County.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The new oil-and-gas boom that’s sweeping the country may be coming to California. With it comes the controversy over the drilling technique known as hydraulic fracturing – or fracking. Widespread fracking in other states has launched a national debate over the impacts on public health and the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has long been an oil-producing state, but it’s getting renewed attention because of the Monterey Shale, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/usshalegas/\">country’s largest shale oil resource\u003c/a>. It stretches under a large part of Central California. In places like Southern Monterey County, where new oil leases are being offered, the battle for fracking is heating up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vineyards and Oil Pumpjacks\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nVineyards and farms stretch for 40 miles along the narrow valley around Highway 101, about two hours south of San Jose. “As a coastal growing region, we are the largest planted acreage of Chardonnay, so much more than Napa or Sonoma has,” says Kurt Gollnick of Scheid Vineyards, a winery in the foothills of Salinas Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Monterey County wineries lack is the name recognition that Napa has - and the visitors that follow. “This is something that we’re trying to change now. We do have very scenic areas of Monterey County,” Gollnick says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lately, the focus has shifted to what’s under the ground: oil – and plenty of it. On December 12th, the federal Bureau of Land Management is opening 18,000 acres for oil leases in Monterey, Fresno and San Benito Counties. Some parcels aren’t far from Scheid Vineyards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47752\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 220px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-47752 \" title=\"20121007monterey_thumb\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/12/20121007monterey_thumb.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"349\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Copyright ©, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 2012, all rights reserved. Reprinted with permission.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is where that whole conversation of fracking comes up,” Gollnick says. The oil deep in the Monterey Shale is notoriously tough to extract. Most if it is locked inside the shale rock. But recently, oil companies have gotten a lot better at getting oil out of shale thanks to hydraulic fracturing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Millions of gallons of water, mixed with sand and chemicals, are injected underground at high pressure. That cracks the rocks, letting the oil out. Around the country, hydraulic fracturing has led to record levels of oil and gas production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shale Gold Rush\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now there’s a bit of a Gold Rush mentality concerning shale oil,” says Don Gautier, a geologist with the U.S. Geological Survey. He says fracking is nothing new in California. It’s been used for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What is new right now is that the price of oil is reasonably high. This technology has become very sophisticated. So these explorationists are justifiably optimistic about the idea of being able to get out oil that couldn’t have been accessed just a few decades ago,” Gautier says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s oil shale resource is huge – more than 15 billion barrels in the Monterey formation, according to one estimate. It’s bigger than North Dakota’s oil reserve, where recently, thousands of wells have been drilled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That has a lot of people wondering – is California next?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Debate Over Fracking\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is absolutely a danger of California being transformed almost overnight as other areas of the country have been when the fracking boom hits,” says Kassie Siegel, a lawyer with the non-profit Center for Biological Diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In other parts of the country, we’ve seen contaminated water,” she says. “We’ve seen people who live near oil and gas wells complaining of health effects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether those impacts are specifically caused by fracking is under debate in many places, but Siegel says it’s enough to be concerned. Her group is suing the Bureau of Land Management over the oil lease sales, saying the agency has failed to review the risks that new fracking techniques pose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47769\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 404px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-47769\" title=\"figure_1es-lg\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/12/figure_1es-lg-404x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"404\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tight oil, or oil from shale, will be an increasingly large part of domestic U.S. oil production. North Dakota and Texas have more established oil shale operations than California. (Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They are acting as if nothing has changed in the oil and gas industry, but of course everything has changed,” Siegel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the Bureau of Land Management office in Hollister, manager Rick Cooper says they’re offering the oil lease sale because of interest from oil companies. “Any time there’s new technology, then there’s going to be maybe a little buzz and a little interest in areas that hadn’t previously been developed,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency is predicting minor environmental impacts, however, because their analysis doesn’t forecast much new drilling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We haven’t seen development signals as of yet. But if we begin to see increased development, it would be at that time that we would pull back and say, well, we probably are going to have to do more analysis,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Potential Shale Play\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several oil companies, including Venoco and Occidental, have reported they are experimenting in California’s shale formations. “Certainly our members are exploring how effective hydraulic fracturing is going to be in California,” says Tupper Hull of the Western States Petroleum Association, an industry group representing oil and gas companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hull says California’s geology could be challenging for large-scale fracking. The shale layers are messy, bent by seismic forces. But he believes fracking has the potential to boost the state’s oil production, which has been declining for two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If hydraulic fracturing proves to be successful here as it’s been elsewhere, it’s an extraordinarily optimistic future we’re looking at from an energy point of view,” Hull says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in Salinas Valley, Kurt Gollick says residents are watching. “I can tell you this from our perspective, farming is our number one source of income in Monterey County. It’s an eight billion-dollar industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gollnick says he hopes the two industries can coexist, but “if fracking introduces contamination to the water or anything else that affects growing practices, then that would be a huge point of conflict, no question about it.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The new oil-and-gas boom that’s sweeping the country may be coming to California. With it comes the controversy over the drilling technique known as hydraulic fracturing – or fracking.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443824323,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":1065},"headData":{"title":"With Large Oil Reserve, California Faces Fracking Debate | KQED","description":"The new oil-and-gas boom that’s sweeping the country may be coming to California. With it comes the controversy over the drilling technique known as hydraulic fracturing – or fracking.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"47738 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=47738","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/12/07/with-large-oil-reserve-california-faces-fracking-debate/","disqusTitle":"With Large Oil Reserve, California Faces Fracking Debate","WpOldSlug":"west-coast-a-test-bed-for-ocean-acidification-2","path":"/quest/47738/with-large-oil-reserve-california-faces-fracking-debate","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/12/20121210science.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/12/20121210science.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47739\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/12/Monterey-fracking.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-47739\" title=\"Monterey-fracking\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/12/Monterey-fracking-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vineyards in Southern Monterey County.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The new oil-and-gas boom that’s sweeping the country may be coming to California. With it comes the controversy over the drilling technique known as hydraulic fracturing – or fracking. Widespread fracking in other states has launched a national debate over the impacts on public health and the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has long been an oil-producing state, but it’s getting renewed attention because of the Monterey Shale, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/usshalegas/\">country’s largest shale oil resource\u003c/a>. It stretches under a large part of Central California. In places like Southern Monterey County, where new oil leases are being offered, the battle for fracking is heating up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vineyards and Oil Pumpjacks\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nVineyards and farms stretch for 40 miles along the narrow valley around Highway 101, about two hours south of San Jose. “As a coastal growing region, we are the largest planted acreage of Chardonnay, so much more than Napa or Sonoma has,” says Kurt Gollnick of Scheid Vineyards, a winery in the foothills of Salinas Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Monterey County wineries lack is the name recognition that Napa has - and the visitors that follow. “This is something that we’re trying to change now. We do have very scenic areas of Monterey County,” Gollnick says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lately, the focus has shifted to what’s under the ground: oil – and plenty of it. On December 12th, the federal Bureau of Land Management is opening 18,000 acres for oil leases in Monterey, Fresno and San Benito Counties. Some parcels aren’t far from Scheid Vineyards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47752\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 220px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-47752 \" title=\"20121007monterey_thumb\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/12/20121007monterey_thumb.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"349\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Copyright ©, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 2012, all rights reserved. Reprinted with permission.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is where that whole conversation of fracking comes up,” Gollnick says. The oil deep in the Monterey Shale is notoriously tough to extract. Most if it is locked inside the shale rock. But recently, oil companies have gotten a lot better at getting oil out of shale thanks to hydraulic fracturing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Millions of gallons of water, mixed with sand and chemicals, are injected underground at high pressure. That cracks the rocks, letting the oil out. Around the country, hydraulic fracturing has led to record levels of oil and gas production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shale Gold Rush\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now there’s a bit of a Gold Rush mentality concerning shale oil,” says Don Gautier, a geologist with the U.S. Geological Survey. He says fracking is nothing new in California. It’s been used for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What is new right now is that the price of oil is reasonably high. This technology has become very sophisticated. So these explorationists are justifiably optimistic about the idea of being able to get out oil that couldn’t have been accessed just a few decades ago,” Gautier says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s oil shale resource is huge – more than 15 billion barrels in the Monterey formation, according to one estimate. It’s bigger than North Dakota’s oil reserve, where recently, thousands of wells have been drilled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That has a lot of people wondering – is California next?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Debate Over Fracking\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is absolutely a danger of California being transformed almost overnight as other areas of the country have been when the fracking boom hits,” says Kassie Siegel, a lawyer with the non-profit Center for Biological Diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In other parts of the country, we’ve seen contaminated water,” she says. “We’ve seen people who live near oil and gas wells complaining of health effects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether those impacts are specifically caused by fracking is under debate in many places, but Siegel says it’s enough to be concerned. Her group is suing the Bureau of Land Management over the oil lease sales, saying the agency has failed to review the risks that new fracking techniques pose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47769\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 404px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-47769\" title=\"figure_1es-lg\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/12/figure_1es-lg-404x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"404\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tight oil, or oil from shale, will be an increasingly large part of domestic U.S. oil production. North Dakota and Texas have more established oil shale operations than California. (Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They are acting as if nothing has changed in the oil and gas industry, but of course everything has changed,” Siegel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the Bureau of Land Management office in Hollister, manager Rick Cooper says they’re offering the oil lease sale because of interest from oil companies. “Any time there’s new technology, then there’s going to be maybe a little buzz and a little interest in areas that hadn’t previously been developed,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency is predicting minor environmental impacts, however, because their analysis doesn’t forecast much new drilling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We haven’t seen development signals as of yet. But if we begin to see increased development, it would be at that time that we would pull back and say, well, we probably are going to have to do more analysis,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Potential Shale Play\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several oil companies, including Venoco and Occidental, have reported they are experimenting in California’s shale formations. “Certainly our members are exploring how effective hydraulic fracturing is going to be in California,” says Tupper Hull of the Western States Petroleum Association, an industry group representing oil and gas companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hull says California’s geology could be challenging for large-scale fracking. The shale layers are messy, bent by seismic forces. But he believes fracking has the potential to boost the state’s oil production, which has been declining for two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If hydraulic fracturing proves to be successful here as it’s been elsewhere, it’s an extraordinarily optimistic future we’re looking at from an energy point of view,” Hull says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in Salinas Valley, Kurt Gollick says residents are watching. “I can tell you this from our perspective, farming is our number one source of income in Monterey County. It’s an eight billion-dollar industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gollnick says he hopes the two industries can coexist, but “if fracking introduces contamination to the water or anything else that affects growing practices, then that would be a huge point of conflict, no question about it.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/47738/with-large-oil-reserve-california-faces-fracking-debate","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_8","quest_9","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_984","quest_1134","quest_10978","quest_1173","quest_10979","quest_11194","quest_13203","quest_2057","quest_13365","quest_3108"],"featImg":"quest_47739","label":"quest"},"quest_45984":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_45984","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"45984","score":null,"sort":[1349985144000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"fracking-in-urban-oilfields","title":"Fracking in Urban Oilfields: A New Study Sparks More Debate","publishDate":1349985144,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45985\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/11/fracking-in-urban-oilfields/inglewoodfrack/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45985\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/inglewoodfrack-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"inglewoodfrack\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-45985\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oilfields can be as clean as any other kind of mining if the operators are carefuland there's the rub. Photo by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This week a consultant's report basically stated that hydraulic fracturing in one of the country's largest urban oilfields is not harmful. The study will arouse lots of comment by proponents and opponents of \"fracking,\" but both sides will find limited support for their arguments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oilfield in question is the Inglewood field, which has been drilling and pumping in the Baldwin Hills, in Southern California, for 82 years as the cities of Los Angeles County engulfed the country around it on all sides. Now it's flanked by the 10 and 405 freeways and overlooks Culver City, east of Santa Monica. It makes a good test case for the future, because oil and gas producers will not disappear as cities expand around them. Both parties will need to learn how to cooperate. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Baldwin Hills Community Standards District is a set of regulations recently created by Los Angeles County that governs operations in the Inglewood field. Part of a lawsuit settlement obliged the field's current operator, Plains Exploration & Production Company or PXP, to carry out a study of its most advanced fracking technology. The final report from that study was released to the public yesterday and can be \u003ca href=\"http://www.inglewoodoilfield.com/fracturing-study/\">downloaded from inglewoodoilfield.com\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fracking is a set of oilfield techniques in which rock is gently shattered and grit washed into the resulting microcracks. The grit holds the cracks open allowing oil and gas to be pumped out. For the study, PXP tested two varieties of fracking on each of two vertical wells in the Inglewood field: \"high-volume\" and \"high-rate gravel pack\" techniques. Both are appropriate for the extremely fine grained shale rock that fracking is designed for. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naturally, everyone at PXP was on their best behavior for these tests, going by the book in every respect. As a result, and to no one's surprise, the wells were properly sealed, the petroleum-producing zone (7500 feet below the fresh groundwater of the Los Angeles basin) did not contaminate anything, no earthquakes were triggered, the ground did not shift by a millimeter, the noise and pollution were insignificant, and no public-health impact was detected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is par for the course, and should have been expected. California is a mature petroleum producer, for once not part of the gold rush for shale oil that is stirring up controversy in the Northeast and Midwest. The problem in California is the combination of lax operations and lax oversight, leaving us at the mercy of notorious incidents and high rhetoric. The Inglewood field study does not exonerate the industry (whose response is \"of course they should say it's OK\"), nor should it reduce the vigilance of fracking opponents (whose response to the study is \"of course they would say it's OK\").\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I did find it a bit odd that the peer reviewers of the study were both geologists who were educated in the East and practice in the East. But perhaps that was a smart step, because the eastern states are hotbeds of fracking and public anxiety too. The reviewers would not be strangers to that. And their \"peer reviewer comment letter\" mentions a long process of give-and-take in clarifying the study report that must have benefited from not being overly familiar with the Los Angeles oil patch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Natural Resources Defense Council, which participated in the lawsuit that led to this study, \u003ca href=\"http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/dnagami/long-awaited_study_of_fracking.html\">issued a measured response on its blog\u003c/a>. Food and Water Watch declared the study \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/pressreleases/fox-guarding-henhouse-not-surprisingly-pxp-study-finds-no-harm-from-fracking-at-inglewood-oil-field/\">an example of shill science at its worst\u003c/a>.\" Uprising Radio \u003ca href=\"http://uprisingradio.org/home/2012/10/10/in-absence-of-regulation-local-and-state-level-fracking-found-to-be-widespread/\">was undeterred\u003c/a> in noting that the state has no regulations for fracking. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/12/fracking-in-california-any-cause-for-concern/\">This is true, and awkward\u003c/a>, but state rules are in the works that should start to help turn mutual suspicion to watchful coexistence. Perhaps this study will inform those regulations.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A rigorous study shows that fracking is unharmful when the stakes are high. Not much should be made of it.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1351578694,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":662},"headData":{"title":"Fracking in Urban Oilfields: A New Study Sparks More Debate | KQED","description":"A rigorous study shows that fracking is unharmful when the stakes are high. Not much should be made of it.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"45984 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=45984","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/11/fracking-in-urban-oilfields/","disqusTitle":"Fracking in Urban Oilfields: A New Study Sparks More Debate","WpOldSlug":"fracking-in-the-city","path":"/quest/45984/fracking-in-urban-oilfields","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45985\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/11/fracking-in-urban-oilfields/inglewoodfrack/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45985\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/inglewoodfrack-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"inglewoodfrack\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-45985\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oilfields can be as clean as any other kind of mining if the operators are carefuland there's the rub. Photo by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This week a consultant's report basically stated that hydraulic fracturing in one of the country's largest urban oilfields is not harmful. The study will arouse lots of comment by proponents and opponents of \"fracking,\" but both sides will find limited support for their arguments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oilfield in question is the Inglewood field, which has been drilling and pumping in the Baldwin Hills, in Southern California, for 82 years as the cities of Los Angeles County engulfed the country around it on all sides. Now it's flanked by the 10 and 405 freeways and overlooks Culver City, east of Santa Monica. It makes a good test case for the future, because oil and gas producers will not disappear as cities expand around them. Both parties will need to learn how to cooperate. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Baldwin Hills Community Standards District is a set of regulations recently created by Los Angeles County that governs operations in the Inglewood field. Part of a lawsuit settlement obliged the field's current operator, Plains Exploration & Production Company or PXP, to carry out a study of its most advanced fracking technology. The final report from that study was released to the public yesterday and can be \u003ca href=\"http://www.inglewoodoilfield.com/fracturing-study/\">downloaded from inglewoodoilfield.com\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fracking is a set of oilfield techniques in which rock is gently shattered and grit washed into the resulting microcracks. The grit holds the cracks open allowing oil and gas to be pumped out. For the study, PXP tested two varieties of fracking on each of two vertical wells in the Inglewood field: \"high-volume\" and \"high-rate gravel pack\" techniques. Both are appropriate for the extremely fine grained shale rock that fracking is designed for. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naturally, everyone at PXP was on their best behavior for these tests, going by the book in every respect. As a result, and to no one's surprise, the wells were properly sealed, the petroleum-producing zone (7500 feet below the fresh groundwater of the Los Angeles basin) did not contaminate anything, no earthquakes were triggered, the ground did not shift by a millimeter, the noise and pollution were insignificant, and no public-health impact was detected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is par for the course, and should have been expected. California is a mature petroleum producer, for once not part of the gold rush for shale oil that is stirring up controversy in the Northeast and Midwest. The problem in California is the combination of lax operations and lax oversight, leaving us at the mercy of notorious incidents and high rhetoric. The Inglewood field study does not exonerate the industry (whose response is \"of course they should say it's OK\"), nor should it reduce the vigilance of fracking opponents (whose response to the study is \"of course they would say it's OK\").\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I did find it a bit odd that the peer reviewers of the study were both geologists who were educated in the East and practice in the East. But perhaps that was a smart step, because the eastern states are hotbeds of fracking and public anxiety too. The reviewers would not be strangers to that. And their \"peer reviewer comment letter\" mentions a long process of give-and-take in clarifying the study report that must have benefited from not being overly familiar with the Los Angeles oil patch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Natural Resources Defense Council, which participated in the lawsuit that led to this study, \u003ca href=\"http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/dnagami/long-awaited_study_of_fracking.html\">issued a measured response on its blog\u003c/a>. Food and Water Watch declared the study \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/pressreleases/fox-guarding-henhouse-not-surprisingly-pxp-study-finds-no-harm-from-fracking-at-inglewood-oil-field/\">an example of shill science at its worst\u003c/a>.\" Uprising Radio \u003ca href=\"http://uprisingradio.org/home/2012/10/10/in-absence-of-regulation-local-and-state-level-fracking-found-to-be-widespread/\">was undeterred\u003c/a> in noting that the state has no regulations for fracking. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/12/fracking-in-california-any-cause-for-concern/\">This is true, and awkward\u003c/a>, but state rules are in the works that should start to help turn mutual suspicion to watchful coexistence. Perhaps this study will inform those regulations.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/45984/fracking-in-urban-oilfields","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_10978","quest_1278","quest_9804","quest_2057","quest_2257","quest_13202"],"featImg":"quest_45985","label":"quest"},"quest_38793":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_38793","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"38793","score":null,"sort":[1338994804000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-fungus-among-us-could-help-clean-oily-soil","title":"The Fungus Among Us Could Help Clean Oily Soil","publishDate":1338994804,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/06/the-fungus-among-us-could-help-clean-oily-soil/mycelium-fungus-resize/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38794\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/mycelium-fungus-resize-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"oyster mushroom growing on coffee grounds\" title=\"mycelium fungus resize\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38794\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I hear fungi, I think of mushrooms – both delectable and deadly. But there’s another world of fungi buried in the soil. These fibrous microbes might be able to help clean up polluted soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’ve always thought of bacteria as nature’s decontamination crew. Bacteria already munching on oil from natural seeps in the Gulf of Mexico flourished after the 2010 Macondo well blowout in the Gulf of Mexico. \u003ca href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=gulf-oil-eating-microbes-slide-show\">Several different groups of microbes \u003c/a>ate their way through \u003ca href=\"http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203436904577150910025591788.html\">much of the hydrocarbons in the oil\u003c/a> within a few months of the well being capped. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil-eating bacteria live in the soil too, but they have a harder time reaching food than their aquatic relatives. Soil is packed with air pockets that bacteria and chemicals must detour around as they move through the soil. That means natural microbial degradation of oil takes a long time. To speed the process, people often plough oil-contaminated soil to mix pollutants and bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fungi sprout thin shoots called hyphae as they grow through the soil. These fibers intertwine in a network called a mycelium. The mycelium of the largest fungi covers more than 1000 football fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ufz.de/index.php?en=13567\">Lukas Wick\u003c/a>, of the Helmholtz Center for the Environment in Germany, and his colleagues think \u003ca href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2519\">fungi might be able to help clean up contaminated soil\u003c/a>. Fungi can eat metals, medicines, and ingredients in plastic. Bacteria struggle to digest the complicated structures of these molecules. And even when bacteria can degrade a pollutant, they require a contaminant buffet. Fungi, however, can process a steady stream of pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fungi have another green cleaning benefit hidden in their structure. Contaminants and bacteria can travel along their mycelial networks, effectively mingling as if the soil had been ploughed. These networks are made of thin fibers called hyphae, which filamentous microbes use to transport nutrients through their bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A filamentous microbe related to fungi can pump oily hydrocarbons \u003ca href=\"http://cen.acs.org/articles/90/web/2012/05/Microbe-Transports-Contaminants-Through-Fibers.html\"> through its hyphae\u003c/a>. And bacteria can float through the watery film covering the hyphae, using the fungal network as \u003ca href=\"http://www.ufz.de/index.php?en=10837\">a highway through soil\u003c/a> to find new patches of pollutant food. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea of a fungal environmental clean up crew may be exciting, but it’s not ready for real world action yet. Scientists are still learning how to encourage the growth of fungi and their hungry bacterial neighbors, especially in contaminated places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wick hopes to eventually encourage both microbes to grow in contaminated soils so that oily contaminants might degrade faster than if bacteria alone were stuck with the job. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the next time I see a fungus in the woods, I'll still stop to admire the colors of its mushroom. But I'll think about what's underneath the soil too.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"There’s more to fungi than just mushrooms. Buried in the soil live large fiber networks of fungi. And these fibrous microbes might be able to help clean up polluted soil.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1338355416,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":457},"headData":{"title":"The Fungus Among Us Could Help Clean Oily Soil | KQED","description":"There’s more to fungi than just mushrooms. Buried in the soil live large fiber networks of fungi. And these fibrous microbes might be able to help clean up polluted soil.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"38793 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=38793","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/06/the-fungus-among-us-could-help-clean-oily-soil/","disqusTitle":"The Fungus Among Us Could Help Clean Oily Soil","path":"/quest/38793/the-fungus-among-us-could-help-clean-oily-soil","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/06/the-fungus-among-us-could-help-clean-oily-soil/mycelium-fungus-resize/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38794\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/mycelium-fungus-resize-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"oyster mushroom growing on coffee grounds\" title=\"mycelium fungus resize\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38794\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I hear fungi, I think of mushrooms – both delectable and deadly. But there’s another world of fungi buried in the soil. These fibrous microbes might be able to help clean up polluted soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’ve always thought of bacteria as nature’s decontamination crew. Bacteria already munching on oil from natural seeps in the Gulf of Mexico flourished after the 2010 Macondo well blowout in the Gulf of Mexico. \u003ca href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=gulf-oil-eating-microbes-slide-show\">Several different groups of microbes \u003c/a>ate their way through \u003ca href=\"http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203436904577150910025591788.html\">much of the hydrocarbons in the oil\u003c/a> within a few months of the well being capped. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil-eating bacteria live in the soil too, but they have a harder time reaching food than their aquatic relatives. Soil is packed with air pockets that bacteria and chemicals must detour around as they move through the soil. That means natural microbial degradation of oil takes a long time. To speed the process, people often plough oil-contaminated soil to mix pollutants and bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fungi sprout thin shoots called hyphae as they grow through the soil. These fibers intertwine in a network called a mycelium. The mycelium of the largest fungi covers more than 1000 football fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ufz.de/index.php?en=13567\">Lukas Wick\u003c/a>, of the Helmholtz Center for the Environment in Germany, and his colleagues think \u003ca href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2519\">fungi might be able to help clean up contaminated soil\u003c/a>. Fungi can eat metals, medicines, and ingredients in plastic. Bacteria struggle to digest the complicated structures of these molecules. And even when bacteria can degrade a pollutant, they require a contaminant buffet. Fungi, however, can process a steady stream of pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fungi have another green cleaning benefit hidden in their structure. Contaminants and bacteria can travel along their mycelial networks, effectively mingling as if the soil had been ploughed. These networks are made of thin fibers called hyphae, which filamentous microbes use to transport nutrients through their bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A filamentous microbe related to fungi can pump oily hydrocarbons \u003ca href=\"http://cen.acs.org/articles/90/web/2012/05/Microbe-Transports-Contaminants-Through-Fibers.html\"> through its hyphae\u003c/a>. And bacteria can float through the watery film covering the hyphae, using the fungal network as \u003ca href=\"http://www.ufz.de/index.php?en=10837\">a highway through soil\u003c/a> to find new patches of pollutant food. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea of a fungal environmental clean up crew may be exciting, but it’s not ready for real world action yet. Scientists are still learning how to encourage the growth of fungi and their hungry bacterial neighbors, especially in contaminated places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wick hopes to eventually encourage both microbes to grow in contaminated soils so that oily contaminants might degrade faster than if bacteria alone were stuck with the job. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the next time I see a fungus in the woods, I'll still stop to admire the colors of its mushroom. But I'll think about what's underneath the soil too.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/38793/the-fungus-among-us-could-help-clean-oily-soil","authors":["10331"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_5"],"tags":["quest_267","quest_1154","quest_3351","quest_2057","quest_2257","quest_2349","quest_13202"],"featImg":"quest_38794","label":"quest"},"quest_35248":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_35248","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"35248","score":null,"sort":[1334243307000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"fracking-in-california-any-cause-for-concern","title":"Fracking in California: Any Cause For Concern?","publishDate":1334243307,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_35250\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/12/fracking-in-california-any-cause-for-concern/frackingtop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-35250\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-35250\" title=\"frackingtop\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/frackingtop.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/frackingtop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/frackingtop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Lost Hills oil field owes much of its production today to hydraulic fracturing. Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Fracking,\" the ugly nickname for a common oilfield practice, is a rising concern in many places. What about California? Appropriately for a high-tech state, all kinds of advances in underground techniques have been used here. How safe are they? Hard to say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working with underground spaces means entering a dynamic environment. California oilfield operators learned that very early in ways that would horrify us today. A century ago, drillers would sometimes tap a highly overpressured oil pool and cause a gusher. The worst of these was the Lakeview gusher, a blowout that began in the spring of 1910 between Taft and Maricopa and lasted more than a year. (\u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/petroleum/ig/lakeviewgusher/\">The scene today is marked by a plaque.\u003c/a>) It ruined the California oil industry for a while—not because of environmental degradation or public revulsion or a government crackdown, but because the flood of oil made the price of crude collapse. Let me put it this way: the problems we have today from oilwell technologies aren't like they used to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_35249\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/12/fracking-in-california-any-cause-for-concern/lakeview/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-35249\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-35249\" title=\"lakeview\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/lakeview.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"381\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/lakeview.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/lakeview-400x254.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Site of the Lakeview gusher north of Maricopa. A hundred years later, the ground is still paved with asphalt.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fracking (hydraulic fracturing) is a way to open up deep rocks by pumping liquids down a borehole at high pressure. The idea is to make a lot of little cracks in tight rocks so the trapped oil can flow out. In the old days, well operators in the Los Angeles basin would goose a fading well by pumping down the crude oil already in the borehole. Today fracking involves water mixed with a little sand, which washes into the new cracks and jams them open. It's widely performed in California to keep old oilfields producing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You have to pump the fracking water back out before you can extract the oil. Most of the time you can pump it down somewhere else to backfill the space that used to hold the oil, a technique called water injection. The industry learned that about 50 years ago when sinking ground caused shallow earthquakes. The huge Wilmington oil field under Long Beach had six damaging earthquakes between 1947 and 1961 before water injection made them stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today oilfield earthquakes are not a problem in California. Disposal of excess fracking water is our dirty secret. Fracking water gets tainted from its exposure to the oil and natural brines down there, plus it's also mixed with various ingredients to help with the downhole chemistry. Water injection takes care of a lot of dirty fracking water, but the rest needs to be dealt with somehow. In the old days it was dumped on the ground or poured into ponds to evaporate, without much care. Today . . . well, nobody has been keeping track of the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state government's Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources (DOGGR) claims to be regulating fracking, but when the state Senate Committee on Natural Resources and Water inquired early last year, the agency had no data to supply. This was a year after DOGGR had gotten extra money, money it had asked for, to develop fracking regulations. The agency now says on its website that it \"only has limited information about the use of the practice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.ewg.org/\">Environmental Working Group\u003c/a> recently compiled what it could find on California fracking and DOGGR's role in overseeing it and issued a critical report called \"\u003ca href=\"http://static.ewg.org/reports/2012/fracking/ca_fracking/ca_regulators_see_no_fracking.pdf\">California Regulators: See No Fracking, Speak No Fracking\u003c/a>.\" The title makes its message clear, and even though I am allergic to activist overstatement of all kinds, I found its factual contents worth heeding. Now the state legislature is considering several bills to encourage more disclosure of fracking; one of them, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/postquery?bill_number=sb_1054&sess=CUR&house=B&author=pavley\">SB 1054\u003c/a>, would require neighboring property owners to be notified of fracking 30 days in advance. The issue is alive, and the legislative sumo match is underway. But the people's watchdog is sitting it out, leaving the fray to lawmakers and lobbyists.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California oil producers use hydraulic fracturing to goose more oil out of old wells. The benefit is clear, but the costs are too unclear for comfort.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366919699,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":676},"headData":{"title":"Fracking in California: Any Cause For Concern? | KQED","description":"California oil producers use hydraulic fracturing to goose more oil out of old wells. The benefit is clear, but the costs are too unclear for comfort.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"35248 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=35248","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/12/fracking-in-california-any-cause-for-concern/","disqusTitle":"Fracking in California: Any Cause For Concern?","path":"/quest/35248/fracking-in-california-any-cause-for-concern","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_35250\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/12/fracking-in-california-any-cause-for-concern/frackingtop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-35250\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-35250\" title=\"frackingtop\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/frackingtop.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/frackingtop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/frackingtop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Lost Hills oil field owes much of its production today to hydraulic fracturing. Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Fracking,\" the ugly nickname for a common oilfield practice, is a rising concern in many places. What about California? Appropriately for a high-tech state, all kinds of advances in underground techniques have been used here. How safe are they? Hard to say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working with underground spaces means entering a dynamic environment. California oilfield operators learned that very early in ways that would horrify us today. A century ago, drillers would sometimes tap a highly overpressured oil pool and cause a gusher. The worst of these was the Lakeview gusher, a blowout that began in the spring of 1910 between Taft and Maricopa and lasted more than a year. (\u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/petroleum/ig/lakeviewgusher/\">The scene today is marked by a plaque.\u003c/a>) It ruined the California oil industry for a while—not because of environmental degradation or public revulsion or a government crackdown, but because the flood of oil made the price of crude collapse. Let me put it this way: the problems we have today from oilwell technologies aren't like they used to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_35249\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/12/fracking-in-california-any-cause-for-concern/lakeview/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-35249\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-35249\" title=\"lakeview\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/lakeview.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"381\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/lakeview.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/lakeview-400x254.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Site of the Lakeview gusher north of Maricopa. A hundred years later, the ground is still paved with asphalt.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fracking (hydraulic fracturing) is a way to open up deep rocks by pumping liquids down a borehole at high pressure. The idea is to make a lot of little cracks in tight rocks so the trapped oil can flow out. In the old days, well operators in the Los Angeles basin would goose a fading well by pumping down the crude oil already in the borehole. Today fracking involves water mixed with a little sand, which washes into the new cracks and jams them open. It's widely performed in California to keep old oilfields producing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You have to pump the fracking water back out before you can extract the oil. Most of the time you can pump it down somewhere else to backfill the space that used to hold the oil, a technique called water injection. The industry learned that about 50 years ago when sinking ground caused shallow earthquakes. The huge Wilmington oil field under Long Beach had six damaging earthquakes between 1947 and 1961 before water injection made them stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today oilfield earthquakes are not a problem in California. Disposal of excess fracking water is our dirty secret. Fracking water gets tainted from its exposure to the oil and natural brines down there, plus it's also mixed with various ingredients to help with the downhole chemistry. Water injection takes care of a lot of dirty fracking water, but the rest needs to be dealt with somehow. In the old days it was dumped on the ground or poured into ponds to evaporate, without much care. Today . . . well, nobody has been keeping track of the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state government's Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources (DOGGR) claims to be regulating fracking, but when the state Senate Committee on Natural Resources and Water inquired early last year, the agency had no data to supply. This was a year after DOGGR had gotten extra money, money it had asked for, to develop fracking regulations. The agency now says on its website that it \"only has limited information about the use of the practice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.ewg.org/\">Environmental Working Group\u003c/a> recently compiled what it could find on California fracking and DOGGR's role in overseeing it and issued a critical report called \"\u003ca href=\"http://static.ewg.org/reports/2012/fracking/ca_fracking/ca_regulators_see_no_fracking.pdf\">California Regulators: See No Fracking, Speak No Fracking\u003c/a>.\" The title makes its message clear, and even though I am allergic to activist overstatement of all kinds, I found its factual contents worth heeding. Now the state legislature is considering several bills to encourage more disclosure of fracking; one of them, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/postquery?bill_number=sb_1054&sess=CUR&house=B&author=pavley\">SB 1054\u003c/a>, would require neighboring property owners to be notified of fracking 30 days in advance. The issue is alive, and the legislative sumo match is underway. But the people's watchdog is sitting it out, leaving the fray to lawmakers and lobbyists.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/35248/fracking-in-california-any-cause-for-concern","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_9","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_10978","quest_10979","quest_9804","quest_2057","quest_2169","quest_13202"],"featImg":"quest_35250","label":"quest"},"quest_34563":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_34563","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"34563","score":null,"sort":[1333638005000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"side-trips-from-interstate-5-coalinga-country","title":"Side Trips from Interstate 5: Coalinga Country","publishDate":1333638005,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34568\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/05/side-trips-from-interstate-5-coalinga-country/coalingatop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-34568\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/coalingatop.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"coalingatop\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-34568\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/coalingatop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/coalingatop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cattle range in the Big Blue Hills just a few miles from the Harris Ranch feedlot. Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Driving Interstate 5 through the Central Valley, I find something to like on every mile except one: the smelly vicinity of the Harris Ranch feedlot north of Coalinga. This is how you can avoid it and enjoy some geology for an hour or so. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assuming you're heading south, the key is to get off of I-5 about 10 miles before the feedlot, at the Route 33 North/Derrick Avenue exit. Think of Derrick as old Route 33, because 33 actually joins I-5 here for a few miles before exiting to the right and meeting Derrick again farther south. See if that makes sense on the geologic map below. This side trip follows 33 into Coalinga and then straight east to the interstate, crossing some interesting structure and a couple of oil fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34566\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/05/side-trips-from-interstate-5-coalinga-country/coalingageomap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-34566\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/coalingageomap.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"coalingageomap\" width=\"600\" height=\"675\" class=\"size-full wp-image-34566\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/coalingageomap.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/coalingageomap-400x450.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Significant map units from oldest to youngest: Ku, upper Cretaceous marine rocks; Ep, Paleocene marine rocks; E, Eocene marine rocks; M and Mc, Miocene rocks; P; Pliocene rocks; QPc, Pliocene-Pleistocene nonmarine rocks; Q, modern and recent sediment; Qoa, Quaternary river terraces. Magenta lines mark structural arches and troughs, with arrows indicating dips of adjoining strata and plunge of the feature's axis\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Derrick Avenue runs for a while through orchard lands parallel to I-5, crossing it twice. Hang in there: it eventually veers away into the Big Blue Hills, as these foothills of the Coast Range are called, out of earshot of the big freeway and smellshot of the big feedlot. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/05/side-trips-from-interstate-5-coalinga-country/bigbluehills/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-34565\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/bigbluehills.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"bigbluehills\" width=\"600\" height=\"393\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-34565\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/bigbluehills.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/bigbluehills-400x262.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The country here is rolling semidesert, marginal rangeland. The ground underfoot was muddly seafloor for many millions of years, until quite recently in geologic time, around 5 million years ago. Then slow compression across the San Andreas fault raised the Coast Range, buckling these sediments into arching folds. The upward-buckling folds are called anticlines, scientific Latin that means \"sloping apart.\" (Downward-warping troughs, like the one running the length of the Central Valley's western edge, are called synclines.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erosion then got to work on the anticlines, peeling away their youngest layers and exposing progressively older rocks. Meanwhile underground, oil and gas worked their way uphill in the newly tilted strata to collect along the center of the nearest anticline. The area around Coalinga, including this part of the Big Blue Hills, is the northern edge of the California oil patch. Now maybe Derrick Avenue's name makes more sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Derrick Avenue meets Route 33 again, and you'll turn right on itgoing left takes you straight to the stinky feedlot. The road then crosses Anticline Ridge and the heart of the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalinga_Oil_Field\">Coalinga Oil Field\u003c/a>. Take the Shell Road turnoff if you like where Route 198 comes in; both ways lead to town. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34569\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/05/side-trips-from-interstate-5-coalinga-country/coalingawells/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-34569\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/coalingawells.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"coalingawells\" width=\"600\" height=\"358\" class=\"size-full wp-image-34569\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/coalingawells.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/coalingawells-400x239.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wells of the Coalinga Oil Field. Photo courtesy Wikimedia Commons\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Coalinga field is the largest of several around here. It was the first great oil district in the Central Valley and remains productive today using enhanced recovery techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/05/side-trips-from-interstate-5-coalinga-country/coalingaoilfields/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-34567\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/coalingaoilfields.gif\" alt=\"\" title=\"coalingaoilfields\" width=\"500\" height=\"250\" class=\"size-full wp-image-34567\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil-bearing hills give way to Pleasant Valley, a syncline filled with young sediment that's occupied by farmland, a state prison, and the town of Coalinga. There are places in town to take a break and find a snack, not to mention the local attraction the \u003ca href=\"http://www.rcbakermuseum.com/home.html\">R. C. Baker Memorial Museum\u003c/a>. Then follow Route 33 out of town again. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's possible to make Coalinga the start of an extended trip through the oil patchjust follow Route 33 south where it turns right. But to end this side trip, stay on the straightaway, crossing the anticline one last time in the low Guijarral Hills and its moribund \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guijarral_Hills_Oil_Field\">oil field\u003c/a> to reach the freeway, which is already in progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34564\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/05/side-trips-from-interstate-5-coalinga-country/guijarralpump/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-34564\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/guijarralpump.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"guijarralpump\" width=\"600\" height=\"401\" class=\"size-full wp-image-34564\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/guijarralpump.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/guijarralpump-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wikipedia calls this the last working pump in the Guijarral Hills Oil Field. Wikimedia Commons photo\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also still in progress is the rise of the Coast Range. On the afternoon of 2 May 1983, Anticline Ridge jolted up another foot or so \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/states/events/1983_05_02.php\">in a magnitude 6.4 earthquake\u003c/a>. I was sitting in Menlo Park at the time and remember well its ominous slow roll, the sign of a big one somewhere far away.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"No one likes the huge cattle feedlot north of Coalinga. Take this geological side trip and avoid the smell entirely.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1334274599,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":710},"headData":{"title":"Side Trips from Interstate 5: Coalinga Country | KQED","description":"No one likes the huge cattle feedlot north of Coalinga. Take this geological side trip and avoid the smell entirely.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"34563 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=34563","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/05/side-trips-from-interstate-5-coalinga-country/","disqusTitle":"Side Trips from Interstate 5: Coalinga Country","path":"/quest/34563/side-trips-from-interstate-5-coalinga-country","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34568\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/05/side-trips-from-interstate-5-coalinga-country/coalingatop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-34568\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/coalingatop.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"coalingatop\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-34568\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/coalingatop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/coalingatop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cattle range in the Big Blue Hills just a few miles from the Harris Ranch feedlot. Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Driving Interstate 5 through the Central Valley, I find something to like on every mile except one: the smelly vicinity of the Harris Ranch feedlot north of Coalinga. This is how you can avoid it and enjoy some geology for an hour or so. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assuming you're heading south, the key is to get off of I-5 about 10 miles before the feedlot, at the Route 33 North/Derrick Avenue exit. Think of Derrick as old Route 33, because 33 actually joins I-5 here for a few miles before exiting to the right and meeting Derrick again farther south. See if that makes sense on the geologic map below. This side trip follows 33 into Coalinga and then straight east to the interstate, crossing some interesting structure and a couple of oil fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34566\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/05/side-trips-from-interstate-5-coalinga-country/coalingageomap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-34566\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/coalingageomap.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"coalingageomap\" width=\"600\" height=\"675\" class=\"size-full wp-image-34566\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/coalingageomap.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/coalingageomap-400x450.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Significant map units from oldest to youngest: Ku, upper Cretaceous marine rocks; Ep, Paleocene marine rocks; E, Eocene marine rocks; M and Mc, Miocene rocks; P; Pliocene rocks; QPc, Pliocene-Pleistocene nonmarine rocks; Q, modern and recent sediment; Qoa, Quaternary river terraces. Magenta lines mark structural arches and troughs, with arrows indicating dips of adjoining strata and plunge of the feature's axis\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Derrick Avenue runs for a while through orchard lands parallel to I-5, crossing it twice. Hang in there: it eventually veers away into the Big Blue Hills, as these foothills of the Coast Range are called, out of earshot of the big freeway and smellshot of the big feedlot. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/05/side-trips-from-interstate-5-coalinga-country/bigbluehills/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-34565\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/bigbluehills.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"bigbluehills\" width=\"600\" height=\"393\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-34565\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/bigbluehills.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/bigbluehills-400x262.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The country here is rolling semidesert, marginal rangeland. The ground underfoot was muddly seafloor for many millions of years, until quite recently in geologic time, around 5 million years ago. Then slow compression across the San Andreas fault raised the Coast Range, buckling these sediments into arching folds. The upward-buckling folds are called anticlines, scientific Latin that means \"sloping apart.\" (Downward-warping troughs, like the one running the length of the Central Valley's western edge, are called synclines.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erosion then got to work on the anticlines, peeling away their youngest layers and exposing progressively older rocks. Meanwhile underground, oil and gas worked their way uphill in the newly tilted strata to collect along the center of the nearest anticline. The area around Coalinga, including this part of the Big Blue Hills, is the northern edge of the California oil patch. Now maybe Derrick Avenue's name makes more sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Derrick Avenue meets Route 33 again, and you'll turn right on itgoing left takes you straight to the stinky feedlot. The road then crosses Anticline Ridge and the heart of the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalinga_Oil_Field\">Coalinga Oil Field\u003c/a>. Take the Shell Road turnoff if you like where Route 198 comes in; both ways lead to town. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34569\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/05/side-trips-from-interstate-5-coalinga-country/coalingawells/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-34569\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/coalingawells.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"coalingawells\" width=\"600\" height=\"358\" class=\"size-full wp-image-34569\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/coalingawells.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/coalingawells-400x239.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wells of the Coalinga Oil Field. Photo courtesy Wikimedia Commons\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Coalinga field is the largest of several around here. It was the first great oil district in the Central Valley and remains productive today using enhanced recovery techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/05/side-trips-from-interstate-5-coalinga-country/coalingaoilfields/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-34567\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/coalingaoilfields.gif\" alt=\"\" title=\"coalingaoilfields\" width=\"500\" height=\"250\" class=\"size-full wp-image-34567\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil-bearing hills give way to Pleasant Valley, a syncline filled with young sediment that's occupied by farmland, a state prison, and the town of Coalinga. There are places in town to take a break and find a snack, not to mention the local attraction the \u003ca href=\"http://www.rcbakermuseum.com/home.html\">R. C. Baker Memorial Museum\u003c/a>. Then follow Route 33 out of town again. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's possible to make Coalinga the start of an extended trip through the oil patchjust follow Route 33 south where it turns right. But to end this side trip, stay on the straightaway, crossing the anticline one last time in the low Guijarral Hills and its moribund \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guijarral_Hills_Oil_Field\">oil field\u003c/a> to reach the freeway, which is already in progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34564\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/05/side-trips-from-interstate-5-coalinga-country/guijarralpump/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-34564\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/guijarralpump.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"guijarralpump\" width=\"600\" height=\"401\" class=\"size-full wp-image-34564\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/guijarralpump.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/guijarralpump-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wikipedia calls this the last working pump in the Guijarral Hills Oil Field. Wikimedia Commons photo\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also still in progress is the rise of the Coast Range. On the afternoon of 2 May 1983, Anticline Ridge jolted up another foot or so \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/states/events/1983_05_02.php\">in a magnitude 6.4 earthquake\u003c/a>. I was sitting in Menlo Park at the time and remember well its ominous slow roll, the sign of a big one somewhere far away.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/34563/side-trips-from-interstate-5-coalinga-country","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_10947","quest_299","quest_10039","quest_10946","quest_9804","quest_2057","quest_2169","quest_13202"],"featImg":"quest_34568","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/possible-5gxfizEbKOJ-pbF5ASgxrs_.1400x1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ATC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0018_AmericanSuburb_iTunesTile_01.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. 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Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/ME_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/OOW_Tile_Final.png","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. 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