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Kurt has lived in many places both in the U.S. and abroad, but now enjoys the rural life and outdoor activities in beautiful Northeast Ohio along with his wife Wendy and two young daughters Sophie and Maja.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/71ef7ce5bbbbe0f8e550ba4b422d332c?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Kurt Smemo | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/71ef7ce5bbbbe0f8e550ba4b422d332c?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/71ef7ce5bbbbe0f8e550ba4b422d332c?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/ksmemo"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_58616":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_58616","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"58616","score":null,"sort":[1386860428000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-better-way-to-patch-potholes","title":"A Better Way to Patch Potholes","publishDate":1386860428,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cdiv>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64356\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Pothole-011.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-64356\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Pothole-011-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"The silica-based Hole Patch mixture is fluid at rest\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hole Patch is fluid at rest, but special physical properties enable it to harden when struck by moving cars.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mayank Saksena is studying biomedical engineering at \u003ca href=\"http://engineering.case.edu/\">Case Western Reserve University\u003c/a>, but lately his mind has been on potholes. That’s because he thinks he’s found a better way to patch them, using a nontoxic, locally sourced, and reusable product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64357\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 202px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Pothole-023.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-64357\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Pothole-023-202x360.jpg\" alt=\"Engineering student Mayank Saksena holds his team's award-winning Hole Patch product\" width=\"202\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Engineering student Mayank Saksena holds his team's award-winning Hole Patch product\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Here’s how it all started. Saksena and a group of fellow engineering students were tinkering around with cornstarch and water, just like they had back in high school science experiments. The mixture is what’s called a “non-Newtonian fluid” because it hardens when force is applied to it and turns back to goo when the force lets up. They watched YouTube videos of students in Spain who had filled a \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2XQ97XHjVw\">giant bathtub\u003c/a> with the liquid goo and then run across it without falling in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">This, plus entering an \u003ca href=\"http://engineering.case.edu/desp/saint-gobain\">engineering contest\u003c/a> that focused on using simple materials to create a new product, got Saksena and his friends mixing up batches of cornstarch and water by hand outside their dorm room. They put it in trash bags and stuck it in potholes around Case’s campus in Cleveland, Ohio. Then they watched what happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">Just as with the giant bathtub experiment, the students found that the goo did in fact harden when cars drove over it, allowing drivers to avoid the “THUMP, thump” that so many commuters experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\" wp-image-64356 \">That’s when Saksena got excited. His team had found what could be an easy fix to a common problem, especially in areas with extreme weather. “The more traffic you have and the worse the weather conditions are, like in the Midwest where it swings from very cold to very hot, that's really hard on pavement,” said \u003ca href=\"http://cee.illinois.edu/faculty/williambuttlar\">William Buttlar,\u003c/a> an engineer who specializes in pavement and transportation issues at the University of Illinois.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">No one likes potholes, and cities often have a \u003ca href=\"http://www.city.cleveland.oh.us/CityofCleveland/Home/Government/CityAgencies/ParksRecreationandProperties/Street%20Operations/Street%20Operations%20Potholes\">backlog of repairs\u003c/a>. “It’s frustrating,” said Saksena. “You’re on your way to work and suddenly you hit a pothole and the coffee spills all over your pants.” Even worse, he added, is the $400 to $500 bill from the auto shop after an encounter with a particularly nasty pothole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Saksena and the other co-founders, all still students, have secured grant funding to pursue their invention as a business venture. They’re in the R&D phase now. They have moved on from their initial cornstarch-and-water cocktail and are exploring other possibilities, including silica-based synthetic fluids. They’re hesitant to reveal too much, since they’re in the midst of applying for intellectual property rights. Saksena said the mixture and the bag that holds it are both non-petroleum based and nontoxic. “If the bag were to rip -- and it’s designed not to rip -- whatever fluid that would come out wouldn’t have a negative impact if it were to seep into groundwater,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 60px\">\u003ciframe style=\"width: 512px;height: 288px;border: 0;overflow: hidden\" src=\"http://www.ideastream.org/common/embed/single.php?program=quest&episode=hole_patch\" width=\"320\" height=\"240\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their product, called \u003ca href=\"http://holepatchllc.net/\">Hole Patch\u003c/a>, would be an alternative way to temporarily patch potholes during the winter months. The Hole Patch founders don’t see their product as a permanent fix -- nothing beats a full repaving of a worn-out street. But permanent pothole fixes can’t be performed in cold and wet weather, so the creators see Hole Patch as a better stop-gap measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The traditional way to temporarily fix a pothole in winter is called a “cold patch,” a mix of gravel and asphalt. It contains many known toxic and cancer-causing compounds that can migrate into waterways when the asphalt breaks down, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.nps.gov/hazardssafety/toxic/asphalt.pdf\">report\u003c/a> from the National Park Service. The traditional method also requires a half-hour’s worth of labor from a work crew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hole Patch, by contrast, could be tossed into potholes by just about anyone. Saksena envisions city police and other officials carrying the bags around in their trunks and popping some in when they hit a bump. He said the bag comes in one standard size and can be stacked to fill the dimensions of any pothole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64355\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 315px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Pothole-002.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-64355 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Pothole-002-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"The students' creation hardens when struck, allowing for easier passage over eroding roads.\" width=\"315\" height=\"176\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Traditional pothole fills aren't sustainable and can be costly.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The vision for Hole Patch is to help cities repair potholes more efficiently and affordably while using more sustainable materials. “It may not save lives, but it can definitely make someone’s day better,” said Saksena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The product will soon move out of the lab and onto streets across the Midwest and Northeast. A multi-city pilot project is in the works for 2014. Bill Driscoll, a county engineer in Ohio, considers this road testing to be a crucial next step. “What happens when the plows start hitting it?” he asked. The product must hold up in the snow, salt, rain, and true commuter traffic for it to be embraced. “I think most people are going to want to see it in the field and in the ground before they start buying it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Driscoll and others in the field are also quite impressed by the students’ out-of-the-box thinking, and some say it has a real chance of success. “If someone comes up with something that builds a better mousetrap, everyone’s all for that,” said Driscoll, “so let’s see what happens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>QUEST Ohio’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/hweinberger/\">Hannah Weinberger\u003c/a> contributed to the reporting of this article.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Inspired by footraces across a giant bathtub of cornstarch, engineering students think they have hit on a more efficient and environmentally friendly way to fix potholes.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1386861810,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://www.ideastream.org/common/embed/single.php"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":954},"headData":{"title":"A Better Way to Patch Potholes | KQED","description":"Inspired by footraces across a giant bathtub of cornstarch, engineering students think they have hit on a more efficient and environmentally friendly way to fix potholes.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"A Better Way to Patch Potholes","datePublished":"2013-12-12T15:00:28.000Z","dateModified":"2013-12-12T15:23:30.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"58616 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=58616","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/12/12/a-better-way-to-patch-potholes/","disqusTitle":"A Better Way to Patch Potholes","path":"/quest/58616/a-better-way-to-patch-potholes","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64356\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Pothole-011.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-64356\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Pothole-011-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"The silica-based Hole Patch mixture is fluid at rest\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hole Patch is fluid at rest, but special physical properties enable it to harden when struck by moving cars.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mayank Saksena is studying biomedical engineering at \u003ca href=\"http://engineering.case.edu/\">Case Western Reserve University\u003c/a>, but lately his mind has been on potholes. That’s because he thinks he’s found a better way to patch them, using a nontoxic, locally sourced, and reusable product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64357\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 202px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Pothole-023.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-64357\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Pothole-023-202x360.jpg\" alt=\"Engineering student Mayank Saksena holds his team's award-winning Hole Patch product\" width=\"202\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Engineering student Mayank Saksena holds his team's award-winning Hole Patch product\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Here’s how it all started. Saksena and a group of fellow engineering students were tinkering around with cornstarch and water, just like they had back in high school science experiments. The mixture is what’s called a “non-Newtonian fluid” because it hardens when force is applied to it and turns back to goo when the force lets up. They watched YouTube videos of students in Spain who had filled a \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2XQ97XHjVw\">giant bathtub\u003c/a> with the liquid goo and then run across it without falling in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">This, plus entering an \u003ca href=\"http://engineering.case.edu/desp/saint-gobain\">engineering contest\u003c/a> that focused on using simple materials to create a new product, got Saksena and his friends mixing up batches of cornstarch and water by hand outside their dorm room. They put it in trash bags and stuck it in potholes around Case’s campus in Cleveland, Ohio. Then they watched what happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">Just as with the giant bathtub experiment, the students found that the goo did in fact harden when cars drove over it, allowing drivers to avoid the “THUMP, thump” that so many commuters experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\" wp-image-64356 \">That’s when Saksena got excited. His team had found what could be an easy fix to a common problem, especially in areas with extreme weather. “The more traffic you have and the worse the weather conditions are, like in the Midwest where it swings from very cold to very hot, that's really hard on pavement,” said \u003ca href=\"http://cee.illinois.edu/faculty/williambuttlar\">William Buttlar,\u003c/a> an engineer who specializes in pavement and transportation issues at the University of Illinois.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">No one likes potholes, and cities often have a \u003ca href=\"http://www.city.cleveland.oh.us/CityofCleveland/Home/Government/CityAgencies/ParksRecreationandProperties/Street%20Operations/Street%20Operations%20Potholes\">backlog of repairs\u003c/a>. “It’s frustrating,” said Saksena. “You’re on your way to work and suddenly you hit a pothole and the coffee spills all over your pants.” Even worse, he added, is the $400 to $500 bill from the auto shop after an encounter with a particularly nasty pothole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Saksena and the other co-founders, all still students, have secured grant funding to pursue their invention as a business venture. They’re in the R&D phase now. They have moved on from their initial cornstarch-and-water cocktail and are exploring other possibilities, including silica-based synthetic fluids. They’re hesitant to reveal too much, since they’re in the midst of applying for intellectual property rights. Saksena said the mixture and the bag that holds it are both non-petroleum based and nontoxic. “If the bag were to rip -- and it’s designed not to rip -- whatever fluid that would come out wouldn’t have a negative impact if it were to seep into groundwater,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 60px\">\u003ciframe style=\"width: 512px;height: 288px;border: 0;overflow: hidden\" src=\"http://www.ideastream.org/common/embed/single.php?program=quest&episode=hole_patch\" width=\"320\" height=\"240\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their product, called \u003ca href=\"http://holepatchllc.net/\">Hole Patch\u003c/a>, would be an alternative way to temporarily patch potholes during the winter months. The Hole Patch founders don’t see their product as a permanent fix -- nothing beats a full repaving of a worn-out street. But permanent pothole fixes can’t be performed in cold and wet weather, so the creators see Hole Patch as a better stop-gap measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The traditional way to temporarily fix a pothole in winter is called a “cold patch,” a mix of gravel and asphalt. It contains many known toxic and cancer-causing compounds that can migrate into waterways when the asphalt breaks down, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.nps.gov/hazardssafety/toxic/asphalt.pdf\">report\u003c/a> from the National Park Service. The traditional method also requires a half-hour’s worth of labor from a work crew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hole Patch, by contrast, could be tossed into potholes by just about anyone. Saksena envisions city police and other officials carrying the bags around in their trunks and popping some in when they hit a bump. He said the bag comes in one standard size and can be stacked to fill the dimensions of any pothole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64355\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 315px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Pothole-002.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-64355 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Pothole-002-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"The students' creation hardens when struck, allowing for easier passage over eroding roads.\" width=\"315\" height=\"176\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Traditional pothole fills aren't sustainable and can be costly.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The vision for Hole Patch is to help cities repair potholes more efficiently and affordably while using more sustainable materials. “It may not save lives, but it can definitely make someone’s day better,” said Saksena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The product will soon move out of the lab and onto streets across the Midwest and Northeast. A multi-city pilot project is in the works for 2014. Bill Driscoll, a county engineer in Ohio, considers this road testing to be a crucial next step. “What happens when the plows start hitting it?” he asked. The product must hold up in the snow, salt, rain, and true commuter traffic for it to be embraced. “I think most people are going to want to see it in the field and in the ground before they start buying it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Driscoll and others in the field are also quite impressed by the students’ out-of-the-box thinking, and some say it has a real chance of success. “If someone comes up with something that builds a better mousetrap, everyone’s all for that,” said Driscoll, “so let’s see what happens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>QUEST Ohio’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/hweinberger/\">Hannah Weinberger\u003c/a> contributed to the reporting of this article.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/58616/a-better-way-to-patch-potholes","authors":["10270"],"categories":["quest_5","quest_6","quest_8","quest_16"],"tags":["quest_9805","quest_12469","quest_12021","quest_12314","quest_12269","quest_10327","quest_10379","quest_12467","quest_2349","quest_3293","quest_12468","quest_11704"],"featImg":"quest_64404","label":"quest"},"quest_57460":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_57460","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"57460","score":null,"sort":[1383055208000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"forest-farming","title":"Seeing the Farm Through the Trees","publishDate":1383055208,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62587\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Sharing.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-62587\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Sharing.png\" alt=\"Participants harvest Chanterelle mushrooms during a recent forest farming workshop at the Holden Arboretum in Kirkland, Ohio. Credit: Holden Arboretum.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Sharing.png 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Sharing-400x225.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Participants harvest Chanterelle mushrooms during a recent forest farming workshop at the Holden Arboretum in Kirkland, Ohio. Credit: Holden Arboretum.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>QUEST Ohio Community Contributor \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/kmudge/\">Ken Mudge\u003c/a> contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is a hot and steamy summer day in northeast Ohio and the mosquitoes are out in full force. None of this seems to bother me or my associate, Dr. Kenneth Mudge, associate professor of horticulture at Cornell University, as we roll over logs in a hardwood forest at the 3,500-acre \u003ca href=\"http://www.holdenarb.org/home/\" target=\"_blank\">Holden Arboretum\u003c/a> just east of Cleveland. He is looking for edible mushrooms -- particularly Shitakes, which can fetch up to 15 dollars per pound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This might not look like a farm in the traditional sense,” says Mudge, “but cultivating and harvesting non-timber resources, or ‘\u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforagroforestry.org/pubs/mushguide.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">forest farming\u003c/a>,’ might help foster the health and integrity of forests in the northeast U.S. and therefore exemplify productive conservation\u003cem>.\u003c/em>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62577\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/DSC00283-sm2048.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-62577\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/DSC00283-sm2048-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Kenneth Mudge demonstrates how to seed a log with Shitakes. Growing edible mushrooms can be both profitable and sustainable. Credit: Holden Arboretum.\" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Kenneth Mudge demonstrates how to seed a log with Shitakes. Growing edible mushrooms can be both a profitable and sustainable forest management strategy. Credit: Holden Arboretum.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Forested landscapes play a far more central role in our everyday lives than most people realize. In addition to providing beneficial timber and non-timber resources, sustainable forest management maintains biodiversity, preserves wildlife habitat, prevents soil erosion, and maintains water quality. It also sequesters atmospheric carbon dioxide, helping to slow the rate of climate change by providing relatively long-term storage of this greenhouse gas in tree biomass and soil organic matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite their biological and economic importance, forests continue to be threatened by land-use change (urban and agricultural development), acid rain and nutrient enrichment, and invasive plants and pests, underscoring the need to conserve native forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, opportunities abound to rethink the current concept and practice of forest conservation and management of ecosystem services at the landscape scale. The eastern U.S., in particular, represents a unique opportunity for forest research and experimental management because forest cover is actually increasing due to agricultural abandonment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62576\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 270px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/098.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-62576\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/098-270x360.jpg\" alt=\"Forest farming instructor Robert Beyfuss displays Chanterelle mushrooms. Credit: Holden Arboretum.\" width=\"270\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Forest farming instructor Robert Beyfuss displays Chanterelle mushrooms. Credit: Holden Arboretum.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Forest farming, which is the cultivation of high-value, non-timber forest products like ginseng and mushrooms, provides an economically viable alternative to traditional management practices. Such practices promote productive conservation that maintains and enhances ecosystem services, while generating income that helps pay taxes and thereby avoids unsustainable timber harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It isn’t a stretch to envision this sort of model. Non-timber harvesting has existed in northern Europe for centuries, and maple sap extraction for syrup, although energy intensive, is a common agricultural practice throughout the Northeast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, a forest management practice called timber stand improvement (TSI) increases forest health by thinning overly dense stands of young trees, thereby allowing the best prospects to grow to maturity and contribute to the future harvest of high-quality timber. The trees removed during thinning can be used as substrate logs for \u003ca href=\"http://www.vegetablegardener.com/item/4220/how-to-grow-shiitake-mushrooms\" target=\"_blank\">cultivating Shiitake mushrooms\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“Farming forests does not have to be time consuming or energy intensive, and it sure beats a clear-cut full of invasive shrubs every 30 years.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>TSI improves forest quality in the long term, while generating income from mushrooms in the short term. It’s an example of productive conservation and can be an important aspect of modern forest management, particularly in human-dominated landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Farming forests does not have to be time consuming or energy intensive, and it sure beats a clear-cut full of invasive shrubs every 30 years,” adds Mudge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regions with large tracts of public land, such as the western U.S., are amenable to broad implementation of sustainable forest management practices. But in the eastern U.S., much of the forested land is privately owned and parcel size is trending toward smaller woodlots, two factors that present obstacles to the adaptation of forest farming methods versus traditional timber harvesting. Woodlot owners are often constrained economically by property tax policies that encourage unsustainable timber harvest, resulting in declining forest health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62579\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/DSC00368-sm2048.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-62579\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/DSC00368-sm2048-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"Mushrooms grow well on tree logs in shady forests. Credit: Holden Arboretum.\" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mushrooms thrive on tree logs in shady forests. Credit: Holden Arboretum.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Forests are at risk from many threats right now, which speaks to the need for new management approaches that foster forest cover and consider the functional aspects of forest ecosystems. However, the success of those management strategies depends on their ability to achieve conservation goals, while still being socially and culturally relevant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although forest farming approaches are a win/win for landowners and managers, future forest research is needed to investigate and quantify the effect of productive conservation practices (relative to traditional management) on ecosystem services and biodiversity. Only then can the true economic and ecological benefits be evaluated.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Growing high-value crops like edible mushrooms may help forests, and forest owners, thrive.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1382726798,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":783},"headData":{"title":"Seeing the Farm Through the Trees | KQED","description":"Growing high-value crops like edible mushrooms may help forests, and forest owners, thrive.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Seeing the Farm Through the Trees","datePublished":"2013-10-29T14:00:08.000Z","dateModified":"2013-10-25T18:46:38.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"57460 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=57460","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/10/29/forest-farming/","disqusTitle":"Seeing the Farm Through the Trees","path":"/quest/57460/forest-farming","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62587\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Sharing.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-62587\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Sharing.png\" alt=\"Participants harvest Chanterelle mushrooms during a recent forest farming workshop at the Holden Arboretum in Kirkland, Ohio. Credit: Holden Arboretum.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Sharing.png 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Sharing-400x225.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Participants harvest Chanterelle mushrooms during a recent forest farming workshop at the Holden Arboretum in Kirkland, Ohio. Credit: Holden Arboretum.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>QUEST Ohio Community Contributor \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/kmudge/\">Ken Mudge\u003c/a> contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is a hot and steamy summer day in northeast Ohio and the mosquitoes are out in full force. None of this seems to bother me or my associate, Dr. Kenneth Mudge, associate professor of horticulture at Cornell University, as we roll over logs in a hardwood forest at the 3,500-acre \u003ca href=\"http://www.holdenarb.org/home/\" target=\"_blank\">Holden Arboretum\u003c/a> just east of Cleveland. He is looking for edible mushrooms -- particularly Shitakes, which can fetch up to 15 dollars per pound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This might not look like a farm in the traditional sense,” says Mudge, “but cultivating and harvesting non-timber resources, or ‘\u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforagroforestry.org/pubs/mushguide.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">forest farming\u003c/a>,’ might help foster the health and integrity of forests in the northeast U.S. and therefore exemplify productive conservation\u003cem>.\u003c/em>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62577\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/DSC00283-sm2048.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-62577\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/DSC00283-sm2048-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Kenneth Mudge demonstrates how to seed a log with Shitakes. Growing edible mushrooms can be both profitable and sustainable. Credit: Holden Arboretum.\" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Kenneth Mudge demonstrates how to seed a log with Shitakes. Growing edible mushrooms can be both a profitable and sustainable forest management strategy. Credit: Holden Arboretum.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Forested landscapes play a far more central role in our everyday lives than most people realize. In addition to providing beneficial timber and non-timber resources, sustainable forest management maintains biodiversity, preserves wildlife habitat, prevents soil erosion, and maintains water quality. It also sequesters atmospheric carbon dioxide, helping to slow the rate of climate change by providing relatively long-term storage of this greenhouse gas in tree biomass and soil organic matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite their biological and economic importance, forests continue to be threatened by land-use change (urban and agricultural development), acid rain and nutrient enrichment, and invasive plants and pests, underscoring the need to conserve native forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, opportunities abound to rethink the current concept and practice of forest conservation and management of ecosystem services at the landscape scale. The eastern U.S., in particular, represents a unique opportunity for forest research and experimental management because forest cover is actually increasing due to agricultural abandonment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62576\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 270px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/098.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-62576\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/098-270x360.jpg\" alt=\"Forest farming instructor Robert Beyfuss displays Chanterelle mushrooms. Credit: Holden Arboretum.\" width=\"270\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Forest farming instructor Robert Beyfuss displays Chanterelle mushrooms. Credit: Holden Arboretum.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Forest farming, which is the cultivation of high-value, non-timber forest products like ginseng and mushrooms, provides an economically viable alternative to traditional management practices. Such practices promote productive conservation that maintains and enhances ecosystem services, while generating income that helps pay taxes and thereby avoids unsustainable timber harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It isn’t a stretch to envision this sort of model. Non-timber harvesting has existed in northern Europe for centuries, and maple sap extraction for syrup, although energy intensive, is a common agricultural practice throughout the Northeast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, a forest management practice called timber stand improvement (TSI) increases forest health by thinning overly dense stands of young trees, thereby allowing the best prospects to grow to maturity and contribute to the future harvest of high-quality timber. The trees removed during thinning can be used as substrate logs for \u003ca href=\"http://www.vegetablegardener.com/item/4220/how-to-grow-shiitake-mushrooms\" target=\"_blank\">cultivating Shiitake mushrooms\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“Farming forests does not have to be time consuming or energy intensive, and it sure beats a clear-cut full of invasive shrubs every 30 years.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>TSI improves forest quality in the long term, while generating income from mushrooms in the short term. It’s an example of productive conservation and can be an important aspect of modern forest management, particularly in human-dominated landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Farming forests does not have to be time consuming or energy intensive, and it sure beats a clear-cut full of invasive shrubs every 30 years,” adds Mudge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regions with large tracts of public land, such as the western U.S., are amenable to broad implementation of sustainable forest management practices. But in the eastern U.S., much of the forested land is privately owned and parcel size is trending toward smaller woodlots, two factors that present obstacles to the adaptation of forest farming methods versus traditional timber harvesting. Woodlot owners are often constrained economically by property tax policies that encourage unsustainable timber harvest, resulting in declining forest health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62579\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/DSC00368-sm2048.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-62579\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/DSC00368-sm2048-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"Mushrooms grow well on tree logs in shady forests. Credit: Holden Arboretum.\" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mushrooms thrive on tree logs in shady forests. Credit: Holden Arboretum.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Forests are at risk from many threats right now, which speaks to the need for new management approaches that foster forest cover and consider the functional aspects of forest ecosystems. However, the success of those management strategies depends on their ability to achieve conservation goals, while still being socially and culturally relevant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although forest farming approaches are a win/win for landowners and managers, future forest research is needed to investigate and quantify the effect of productive conservation practices (relative to traditional management) on ecosystem services and biodiversity. Only then can the true economic and ecological benefits be evaluated.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/57460/forest-farming","authors":["10502"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_3229","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_1130","quest_12358","quest_12269","quest_1155","quest_12073","quest_12359","quest_10327","quest_12357","quest_10379","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_3293","quest_13364"],"featImg":"quest_62587","label":"quest"},"quest_52366":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_52366","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"52366","score":null,"sort":[1377007218000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"city-chickens-pets-with-perks","title":"City Chickens: Pets with Perks","publishDate":1377007218,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Chickens+in+the+City/Stream/chickensFINAL+with+funder+tag.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58997\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-58997\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson1.jpg\" alt=\"Matt Wilson and his four hens reside in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, where city rules now allow for chicken ownership. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Wilson and his four hens reside in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, where city rules now allow for chicken ownership.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Matt Wilson isn’t a farmer and his house isn’t in the sticks. He lives in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, and we are chatting in his smallish urban backyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson tosses cherry tomatoes to his four “girls.” The hens snag the fruit with their beaks and cluck contentedly as they indulge in the sweet flesh. These are street-smart and happy hens, says Wilson. They’re just as good at dodging hawks as they are at sunbathing on a lazy afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58992\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Matt-wilson-chickens-595.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-58992\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Matt-wilson-chickens-595-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Wilson's dog, Peaches, is on good terms with the family hens.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wilson's dog, Peaches, is on good terms with the family hens.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wilson is just one of many people who now takes “backyard gardening” to a whole new level, bringing in a new kind of family pet that doubles as a feathered fertilizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hens have the run of the place. His yard is fenced but sandwiched between driveways and neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson got his flock a year ago, when the city passed an ordinance allowing hen ownership. Many other communities across the country have either passed or are considering similar rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/nahms/poultry/downloads/poultry10/Poultry10_dr_Urban_Chicken_Four.pdf\">USDA report\u003c/a> out this year calls urban chickens a “growing phenomenon.” About 1 percent of all the city households they surveyed had chickens. What’s more, nearly 4 percent said that while they don’t have birds now, they plan to get them in the near future.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\"> “It seems like just growing vegetables is like listening to a band with no guitars or singers and just somebody playing drums,” says Wilson, “It’s not the whole story.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Wilson knows it’s a trend. “They’re kind of like new hipster lawn ornaments,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Thompson, with the \u003ca href=\"http://cuyahoga.osu.edu/\">ag extension office\u003c/a> at Ohio State University, says a lot of people have been hearing or seeing chickens crop up in city backyards. “It’s something that they get excited about,” he says, and they want to try it out for themselves. He cautions that raising chickens does require a fair bit of work, but it’s definitely doable. “Probably not too different from keeping pets,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s how Matt Wilson views it. “Compared to our dog, they’re way less work,” he says, noting how they tuck themselves into the coop at night. “When the sun goes down, they walk in here and line up,” says Wilson, “and then I say goodnight and lock ‘em up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chickens are hardy creatures, but they require upkeep and safe conditions or the flock, and potentially humans, could be at \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/features/salmonellapoultry/\">risk for disease\u003c/a>. Concerns like this make some people less keen on allowing chickens into the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wilson says it’s all about doing it responsibly. “It’s not something you can just bumble your way through,” he says. “You should do your homework, but you don’t have to go to ag school.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hens are now part of his family. He says the birds even gathered around the picnic table last year during their outdoor Thanksgiving dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson’s ladies are certainly pets, but he also considers them a logical next step for urban gardeners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58995\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Matt-wilson-chickens-623.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-58995\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Matt-wilson-chickens-623-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Wilson's chicken coop shares backyard space with his kids' swing-set and other toys.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wilson's chicken coop shares backyard space with his kids' toys and his vegetable garden.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Everything I read just kept on emphasizing how chickens, and farm animals in general, are a great way to reclaim waste and turn it into food,” he says. He also likes how their composted droppings make a great fertilizer for his veggie beds. When he cleans the coop, he puts the used pine shavings and droppings into a compost bin, lets it cure for a couple months, and then spreads the rich, crumbly, and sweet-smelling compost onto his garden. “It seems like just growing vegetables is like listening to a band with no guitars or singers and just somebody playing drums,” says Wilson, “It’s not the whole story.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s true. Chickens are good gobblers and will go to town on garden critters and veggie scraps. One of Wilson’s neighbors owns a microbrewery and unloads his spent grain in Wilson’s backyard. “The chickens go nuts,” says Wilson. While there’s no alcohol in the grains, there’s still a lot of good roughage and fiber.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“There’s all this opportunity for us to reclaim waste that the city generates,” says Wilson.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This got Wilson thinking about the bigger picture, about how city folks can better deal with waste. “They would just put that stuff in the trash. Just bags and bags of it,” he says. “There’s all this opportunity for us to reclaim waste that the city generates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This sort of “urban enlightenment” is what backyard chicken enthusiasts say is so great about the birds. They give people the chance to see food and waste come full circle -- an opportunity in short supply in city life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the eggs are darn tasty, too, says 8-year-old Charlie Wilson. “Fridays we have breakfast for dinner and we always eat their eggs.” His dad agrees, saying eggs from a diner kind of taste like rubber by comparison. “These,” says the older Wilson, “definitely have this intense yolk flavor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are health benefits to eggs from pasture-raised hens as well. The chicken’s short digestive tract allows all those vitamins and nutrients from their foraging to make it into their egg yolks quickly. Researchers at Penn State \u003ca href=\"http://news.psu.edu/story/166143/2010/07/20/research-shows-eggs-pastured-chickens-may-be-more-nutritious\">found\u003c/a> eggs from pasture-raised hens had more vitamins E and A and heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids than eggs from commercial hens. \u003ca href=\"http://www.motherearthnews.com/real-food/pastured-eggs-vitamin-d-content.aspx#axzz2Yx3USu3D\">Other tests\u003c/a> have also found more vitamin D and less cholesterol and saturated fat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Thompson from the OSU ag extension office says chicken ownership is teaching more city folks about animal husbandry. They can even be a sort of “gateway animal,” says Thompson. Depending on rules and square footage, he says, you can keep a lot of things in the city, including goats, cows, sheep, bees, and turkeys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for chicken-owner Matt Wilson, his ladies have started him daydreaming about pigs. Just don’t tell his wife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59013\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson4.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-59013\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson4.jpg\" alt=\"Matt Wilson's urban hens sunbath in their Cleveland Heights backyard.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson4.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson4-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Wilson's urban hens sunbath in their Cleveland Heights backyard.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Meet \u003ca href=\"http://hens.tplus1.com/FAQ/\">Matt Wilson. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meet Wilson's fellow urban\u003ca href=\"http://heights-chickeneers.com\"> chickeneers. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn about starting your own \u003ca href=\"http://www.rodale.com/raising-backyard-chickens-0\">flock.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recommended reading for those considering backyard chickens, from Carl Skalak, owner of \u003ca href=\"http://bluepikefarm.com/\">Blue Pike Farm\u003c/a> in the heart of Cleveland, Ohio:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heuser, G.F\u003cem>.\u003c/em>,\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nortoncreekpress.com/feeding_poultry.html\"> Feeding Poultry\u003c/a>, \u003c/em>Norton Creek Press\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plamondon, Robert, \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nortoncreekpress.com/success_with_baby_chicks.html\">Success with Baby Chicks\u003c/a>,\u003c/em> Norton Creek Press\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prince, T. Woods, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nortoncreekpress.com/fresh_air_poultry_houses.html\">\u003cem>Fresh-Air Poultry Houses\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, Norton Creek Press\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ussery, Harvey, \u003ca href=\"http://www.chelseagreen.com/bookstore/item/the_smallscale_poultry_flock\">\u003cem>The Small-Scale Poultry Flock\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, Chelsea Green Publishing\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Take an inside look at the new trend of raising chickens within city limits, and see why the flocks inspire pride for eco-minded owners.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1398456449,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":1212},"headData":{"title":"City Chickens: Pets with Perks | KQED","description":"Take an inside look at the new trend of raising chickens within city limits, and see why the flocks inspire pride for eco-minded owners.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"City Chickens: Pets with Perks","datePublished":"2013-08-20T14:00:18.000Z","dateModified":"2014-04-25T20:07:29.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"52366 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=52366","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/08/20/city-chickens-pets-with-perks/","disqusTitle":"City Chickens: Pets with Perks","path":"/quest/52366/city-chickens-pets-with-perks","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Chickens+in+the+City/Stream/chickensFINAL+with+funder+tag.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Chickens+in+the+City/Stream/chickensFINAL+with+funder+tag.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58997\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-58997\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson1.jpg\" alt=\"Matt Wilson and his four hens reside in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, where city rules now allow for chicken ownership. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Wilson and his four hens reside in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, where city rules now allow for chicken ownership.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Matt Wilson isn’t a farmer and his house isn’t in the sticks. He lives in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, and we are chatting in his smallish urban backyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson tosses cherry tomatoes to his four “girls.” The hens snag the fruit with their beaks and cluck contentedly as they indulge in the sweet flesh. These are street-smart and happy hens, says Wilson. They’re just as good at dodging hawks as they are at sunbathing on a lazy afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58992\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Matt-wilson-chickens-595.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-58992\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Matt-wilson-chickens-595-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Wilson's dog, Peaches, is on good terms with the family hens.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wilson's dog, Peaches, is on good terms with the family hens.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wilson is just one of many people who now takes “backyard gardening” to a whole new level, bringing in a new kind of family pet that doubles as a feathered fertilizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hens have the run of the place. His yard is fenced but sandwiched between driveways and neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson got his flock a year ago, when the city passed an ordinance allowing hen ownership. Many other communities across the country have either passed or are considering similar rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/nahms/poultry/downloads/poultry10/Poultry10_dr_Urban_Chicken_Four.pdf\">USDA report\u003c/a> out this year calls urban chickens a “growing phenomenon.” About 1 percent of all the city households they surveyed had chickens. What’s more, nearly 4 percent said that while they don’t have birds now, they plan to get them in the near future.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\"> “It seems like just growing vegetables is like listening to a band with no guitars or singers and just somebody playing drums,” says Wilson, “It’s not the whole story.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Wilson knows it’s a trend. “They’re kind of like new hipster lawn ornaments,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Thompson, with the \u003ca href=\"http://cuyahoga.osu.edu/\">ag extension office\u003c/a> at Ohio State University, says a lot of people have been hearing or seeing chickens crop up in city backyards. “It’s something that they get excited about,” he says, and they want to try it out for themselves. He cautions that raising chickens does require a fair bit of work, but it’s definitely doable. “Probably not too different from keeping pets,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s how Matt Wilson views it. “Compared to our dog, they’re way less work,” he says, noting how they tuck themselves into the coop at night. “When the sun goes down, they walk in here and line up,” says Wilson, “and then I say goodnight and lock ‘em up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chickens are hardy creatures, but they require upkeep and safe conditions or the flock, and potentially humans, could be at \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/features/salmonellapoultry/\">risk for disease\u003c/a>. Concerns like this make some people less keen on allowing chickens into the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wilson says it’s all about doing it responsibly. “It’s not something you can just bumble your way through,” he says. “You should do your homework, but you don’t have to go to ag school.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hens are now part of his family. He says the birds even gathered around the picnic table last year during their outdoor Thanksgiving dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson’s ladies are certainly pets, but he also considers them a logical next step for urban gardeners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58995\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Matt-wilson-chickens-623.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-58995\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Matt-wilson-chickens-623-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Wilson's chicken coop shares backyard space with his kids' swing-set and other toys.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wilson's chicken coop shares backyard space with his kids' toys and his vegetable garden.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Everything I read just kept on emphasizing how chickens, and farm animals in general, are a great way to reclaim waste and turn it into food,” he says. He also likes how their composted droppings make a great fertilizer for his veggie beds. When he cleans the coop, he puts the used pine shavings and droppings into a compost bin, lets it cure for a couple months, and then spreads the rich, crumbly, and sweet-smelling compost onto his garden. “It seems like just growing vegetables is like listening to a band with no guitars or singers and just somebody playing drums,” says Wilson, “It’s not the whole story.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s true. Chickens are good gobblers and will go to town on garden critters and veggie scraps. One of Wilson’s neighbors owns a microbrewery and unloads his spent grain in Wilson’s backyard. “The chickens go nuts,” says Wilson. While there’s no alcohol in the grains, there’s still a lot of good roughage and fiber.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“There’s all this opportunity for us to reclaim waste that the city generates,” says Wilson.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This got Wilson thinking about the bigger picture, about how city folks can better deal with waste. “They would just put that stuff in the trash. Just bags and bags of it,” he says. “There’s all this opportunity for us to reclaim waste that the city generates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This sort of “urban enlightenment” is what backyard chicken enthusiasts say is so great about the birds. They give people the chance to see food and waste come full circle -- an opportunity in short supply in city life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the eggs are darn tasty, too, says 8-year-old Charlie Wilson. “Fridays we have breakfast for dinner and we always eat their eggs.” His dad agrees, saying eggs from a diner kind of taste like rubber by comparison. “These,” says the older Wilson, “definitely have this intense yolk flavor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are health benefits to eggs from pasture-raised hens as well. The chicken’s short digestive tract allows all those vitamins and nutrients from their foraging to make it into their egg yolks quickly. Researchers at Penn State \u003ca href=\"http://news.psu.edu/story/166143/2010/07/20/research-shows-eggs-pastured-chickens-may-be-more-nutritious\">found\u003c/a> eggs from pasture-raised hens had more vitamins E and A and heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids than eggs from commercial hens. \u003ca href=\"http://www.motherearthnews.com/real-food/pastured-eggs-vitamin-d-content.aspx#axzz2Yx3USu3D\">Other tests\u003c/a> have also found more vitamin D and less cholesterol and saturated fat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Thompson from the OSU ag extension office says chicken ownership is teaching more city folks about animal husbandry. They can even be a sort of “gateway animal,” says Thompson. Depending on rules and square footage, he says, you can keep a lot of things in the city, including goats, cows, sheep, bees, and turkeys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for chicken-owner Matt Wilson, his ladies have started him daydreaming about pigs. Just don’t tell his wife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59013\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson4.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-59013\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson4.jpg\" alt=\"Matt Wilson's urban hens sunbath in their Cleveland Heights backyard.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson4.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson4-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Wilson's urban hens sunbath in their Cleveland Heights backyard.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Meet \u003ca href=\"http://hens.tplus1.com/FAQ/\">Matt Wilson. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meet Wilson's fellow urban\u003ca href=\"http://heights-chickeneers.com\"> chickeneers. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn about starting your own \u003ca href=\"http://www.rodale.com/raising-backyard-chickens-0\">flock.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recommended reading for those considering backyard chickens, from Carl Skalak, owner of \u003ca href=\"http://bluepikefarm.com/\">Blue Pike Farm\u003c/a> in the heart of Cleveland, Ohio:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heuser, G.F\u003cem>.\u003c/em>,\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nortoncreekpress.com/feeding_poultry.html\"> Feeding Poultry\u003c/a>, \u003c/em>Norton Creek Press\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plamondon, Robert, \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nortoncreekpress.com/success_with_baby_chicks.html\">Success with Baby Chicks\u003c/a>,\u003c/em> Norton Creek Press\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prince, T. Woods, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nortoncreekpress.com/fresh_air_poultry_houses.html\">\u003cem>Fresh-Air Poultry Houses\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, Norton Creek Press\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ussery, Harvey, \u003ca href=\"http://www.chelseagreen.com/bookstore/item/the_smallscale_poultry_flock\">\u003cem>The Small-Scale Poultry Flock\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, Chelsea Green Publishing\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/52366/city-chickens-pets-with-perks","authors":["10270"],"categories":["quest_3229","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_574","quest_12211","quest_10327","quest_10379","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_3293","quest_13364","quest_13365","quest_12210","quest_12212"],"featImg":"quest_58997","label":"quest"},"quest_56757":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_56757","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"56757","score":null,"sort":[1376402401000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"ohios-bald-eagle-comeback","title":"Ohio’s Bald Eagle Comeback","publishDate":1376402401,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58765\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-58765 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/QUEST-Bald-Eagle-family-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"Photographer Al Freeman caught this bald eagle family at home in a tree behind Old Dutch Tavern in Sandusky, Ohio, near Lake Erie, in 2009. Credit: Al Freeman\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/QUEST-Bald-Eagle-family-640x360.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/QUEST-Bald-Eagle-family-640x360-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit: \u003ca href=\"http://www.acfreeman.com/Wildlife/BALD-EAGLE/i-3qrs8f7\">Al Freeman\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The appearance of three new bald eagle nests made headlines in Ohio this summer. Why is this newsworthy?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you think of bald eagles, you might imagine these national birds diving into rivers in America’s Pacific Northwest or perched atop a tall pine tree in Florida. In Alaska, the giant raptors seem to be everywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in Ohio and other parts of the Midwest that were once home to many of these majestic creatures, populations are a far cry from what they once were -- a remnant of the bald eagle’s brush with extinction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58766\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-58766 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Quest-bald-eagle-on-cedar-point-causeway-erie-2013-al-freeman-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"An adult bald eagle takes a break in a tree on Cedar Point Causeway in Erie County, Ohio earlier this spring. Credit: Al Freeman\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An adult bald eagle takes a break in a tree on Cedar Point Causeway in Erie County, Ohio earlier this spring. Credit: Al Freeman\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before settlers arrived, bald eagles were plentiful all along Ohio’s Lake Erie coast, but population growth on the shoreline took away habitat and reduced their numbers. In the 1970s bald eagles nearly disappeared from Ohio and the rest of the lower 48 states, mainly because of the insecticide DDT. As a result of years of heavy spraying, DDT built up in the environment and in small animals like rodents and fish. When the eagles ate these small animals, DDT accumulated in their bodies, too. As a result, female eagles laid eggs with very thin shells. The weight of the nesting bird would crack the eggs, killing the chicks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although DDT was banned in 1972, it took some time for eagle populations to rebound. Only four nesting pairs of bald eagles could be found in the Buckeye State in 1979.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1995 the birds had recovered so well that they were removed from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/midwest/eagle/recovery/qandas.html\">Endangered Species List\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/midwest/midwestbird/eaglepermits/bagepa.html\">The Bald Eagle and Golden Eagle Protection Act\u003c/a>, first written in 1940 and amended many times since, continues to help ensure their survival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58764\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 370px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-58764 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/QUEST-bald-eagle-abundance-1999-2013-ODNR-370x253.jpg\" alt=\"This graph illustrates the growth in the estimated number of bald eagle nesting pairs in Ohio in the past fourteen years. Credit: ODNR\" width=\"370\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This graph illustrates the growth in the estimated number of bald eagle nesting pairs in Ohio in the past fourteen years. Credit: ODNR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ohio’s bald eagle population continues to grow steadily today, thanks to the careful management of habitat and protection of nests, but local wildlife experts remain vigilant. Each new nest is a cause for celebration among bird and nature lovers. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/Home/wild_resourcessubhomepage/ResearchandSurveys/resourceseagleeagleviewmap/BaldEagleResources/tabid/15488/Default.aspx\">Bald Eagle Nesting Survey\u003c/a> by the Ohio Division of Wildlife estimates that there are 190 nests in the state in 2013. Eagle watchers have always found the greatest number of these birds along the shore of Lake Erie and the adjacent marshes of northwest Ohio, but now the number of nests is increasing farther inland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of the new \u003ca href=\"http://www.ohio.com/news/new-bald-eagle-nests-confirmed-in-gorge-metro-park-clinton-conservation-area-bath-township-1.403382\">nests that made headlines\u003c/a> this summer are in Summit County, about 20 miles south of Lake Erie. It’s the home of Akron, Ohio’s fifth largest city with nearly 200,000 people. But the county also contains a large portion of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/cuva/planyourvisit/upload/Bald-Eagles-2011_for-web.pdf\">Cuyahoga Valley National Park\u003c/a> plus 9,000 acres of metropolitan parks. Park officials there say they knew about the new nests for months, but waited to announce the discoveries until nature disguised the locations with leaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why the waiting period?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Mike Johnson, Chief of Natural Resources Management for \u003ca href=\"http://www.summitmetroparks.org/\">Metro Parks, Serving Summit County\u003c/a>, humans pose the greatest threat to the success of nesting eagles. The reason is simple. Eggs and hatchlings need to be kept warm, and babies need to be fed constantly. Curious humans who venture too close to a nest can keep the parents away from their duties, jeopardizing the health of the baby eagles. Too many humans nearby can even cause bald eagles to abandon a nest completely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58767\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 310px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-58767 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/QUEST-bald-eagle-near-Columbus-Tim-Daniel-ODNR-310x253.jpg\" alt=\"This bald eagle family took up residence on a public golf course in Ohio's Pickaway County, not far from the state capital of Columbus, in 2008. Credit: Tim Daniel ODNR/Wildlife.\" width=\"310\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This bald eagle family took up residence on a public golf course in Ohio's Pickaway County, not far from the state capital of Columbus, in 2008. Credit: Tim Daniel ODNR/Wildlife.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The biggest challenge is a human challenge,” says Johnson, “trying to educate people about why we need to leave [the eagles] alone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While delivering a recent update, Johnson said that they saw bald eagles sitting on the nest in Gorge Metro Park, but they never saw chicks, and now that nest has been abandoned. But two chicks did make a recent appearance in a nest near a towpath in the town of Clinton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why did one nest do well while the other nest failed? Just as in real estate, the answer might be location, location, location. Gorge Metro Park is on the edge of Akron. It is a small park with many visitors and close to a noisy highway. Mike thought it was a bad site for bald eagles, although the birds did manage to pick the one spot that you couldn’t see from the trail. The Clinton nest is more rural and close to a water source and an abundant food supply. It is less frequented by people and a better fit for the eagles’ habitat needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although only one of the nests yielded chicks, park officials are thrilled. “Every new nest is a victory for conservation and recovery,” says Johnson. “It shows what can be achieved through recovery efforts -- the ultimate success story.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=6AK1YgSAlzs%3D&tabid=6542\">Ohio Division of Wildlife Life History Notes: Bald Eagle\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/midwest/eagle/population/chtofprs.html\">U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service: Chart and Table of Bald Eagle Breeding Pairs in Lower 48 States\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.baldeagleinfo.com/\">American Bald Eagle Information\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Our national symbol spreads its wings -- and its reach – as it builds new nests in the heartland.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1376402402,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":890},"headData":{"title":"Ohio’s Bald Eagle Comeback | KQED","description":"Our national symbol spreads its wings -- and its reach – as it builds new nests in the heartland.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Ohio’s Bald Eagle Comeback","datePublished":"2013-08-13T14:00:01.000Z","dateModified":"2013-08-13T14:00:02.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"56757 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=56757","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/08/13/ohios-bald-eagle-comeback/","disqusTitle":"Ohio’s Bald Eagle Comeback","path":"/quest/56757/ohios-bald-eagle-comeback","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58765\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-58765 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/QUEST-Bald-Eagle-family-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"Photographer Al Freeman caught this bald eagle family at home in a tree behind Old Dutch Tavern in Sandusky, Ohio, near Lake Erie, in 2009. Credit: Al Freeman\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/QUEST-Bald-Eagle-family-640x360.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/QUEST-Bald-Eagle-family-640x360-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit: \u003ca href=\"http://www.acfreeman.com/Wildlife/BALD-EAGLE/i-3qrs8f7\">Al Freeman\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The appearance of three new bald eagle nests made headlines in Ohio this summer. Why is this newsworthy?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you think of bald eagles, you might imagine these national birds diving into rivers in America’s Pacific Northwest or perched atop a tall pine tree in Florida. In Alaska, the giant raptors seem to be everywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in Ohio and other parts of the Midwest that were once home to many of these majestic creatures, populations are a far cry from what they once were -- a remnant of the bald eagle’s brush with extinction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58766\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-58766 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Quest-bald-eagle-on-cedar-point-causeway-erie-2013-al-freeman-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"An adult bald eagle takes a break in a tree on Cedar Point Causeway in Erie County, Ohio earlier this spring. Credit: Al Freeman\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An adult bald eagle takes a break in a tree on Cedar Point Causeway in Erie County, Ohio earlier this spring. Credit: Al Freeman\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before settlers arrived, bald eagles were plentiful all along Ohio’s Lake Erie coast, but population growth on the shoreline took away habitat and reduced their numbers. In the 1970s bald eagles nearly disappeared from Ohio and the rest of the lower 48 states, mainly because of the insecticide DDT. As a result of years of heavy spraying, DDT built up in the environment and in small animals like rodents and fish. When the eagles ate these small animals, DDT accumulated in their bodies, too. As a result, female eagles laid eggs with very thin shells. The weight of the nesting bird would crack the eggs, killing the chicks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although DDT was banned in 1972, it took some time for eagle populations to rebound. Only four nesting pairs of bald eagles could be found in the Buckeye State in 1979.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1995 the birds had recovered so well that they were removed from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/midwest/eagle/recovery/qandas.html\">Endangered Species List\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/midwest/midwestbird/eaglepermits/bagepa.html\">The Bald Eagle and Golden Eagle Protection Act\u003c/a>, first written in 1940 and amended many times since, continues to help ensure their survival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58764\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 370px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-58764 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/QUEST-bald-eagle-abundance-1999-2013-ODNR-370x253.jpg\" alt=\"This graph illustrates the growth in the estimated number of bald eagle nesting pairs in Ohio in the past fourteen years. Credit: ODNR\" width=\"370\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This graph illustrates the growth in the estimated number of bald eagle nesting pairs in Ohio in the past fourteen years. Credit: ODNR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ohio’s bald eagle population continues to grow steadily today, thanks to the careful management of habitat and protection of nests, but local wildlife experts remain vigilant. Each new nest is a cause for celebration among bird and nature lovers. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/Home/wild_resourcessubhomepage/ResearchandSurveys/resourceseagleeagleviewmap/BaldEagleResources/tabid/15488/Default.aspx\">Bald Eagle Nesting Survey\u003c/a> by the Ohio Division of Wildlife estimates that there are 190 nests in the state in 2013. Eagle watchers have always found the greatest number of these birds along the shore of Lake Erie and the adjacent marshes of northwest Ohio, but now the number of nests is increasing farther inland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of the new \u003ca href=\"http://www.ohio.com/news/new-bald-eagle-nests-confirmed-in-gorge-metro-park-clinton-conservation-area-bath-township-1.403382\">nests that made headlines\u003c/a> this summer are in Summit County, about 20 miles south of Lake Erie. It’s the home of Akron, Ohio’s fifth largest city with nearly 200,000 people. But the county also contains a large portion of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/cuva/planyourvisit/upload/Bald-Eagles-2011_for-web.pdf\">Cuyahoga Valley National Park\u003c/a> plus 9,000 acres of metropolitan parks. Park officials there say they knew about the new nests for months, but waited to announce the discoveries until nature disguised the locations with leaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why the waiting period?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Mike Johnson, Chief of Natural Resources Management for \u003ca href=\"http://www.summitmetroparks.org/\">Metro Parks, Serving Summit County\u003c/a>, humans pose the greatest threat to the success of nesting eagles. The reason is simple. Eggs and hatchlings need to be kept warm, and babies need to be fed constantly. Curious humans who venture too close to a nest can keep the parents away from their duties, jeopardizing the health of the baby eagles. Too many humans nearby can even cause bald eagles to abandon a nest completely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58767\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 310px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-58767 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/QUEST-bald-eagle-near-Columbus-Tim-Daniel-ODNR-310x253.jpg\" alt=\"This bald eagle family took up residence on a public golf course in Ohio's Pickaway County, not far from the state capital of Columbus, in 2008. Credit: Tim Daniel ODNR/Wildlife.\" width=\"310\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This bald eagle family took up residence on a public golf course in Ohio's Pickaway County, not far from the state capital of Columbus, in 2008. Credit: Tim Daniel ODNR/Wildlife.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The biggest challenge is a human challenge,” says Johnson, “trying to educate people about why we need to leave [the eagles] alone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While delivering a recent update, Johnson said that they saw bald eagles sitting on the nest in Gorge Metro Park, but they never saw chicks, and now that nest has been abandoned. But two chicks did make a recent appearance in a nest near a towpath in the town of Clinton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why did one nest do well while the other nest failed? Just as in real estate, the answer might be location, location, location. Gorge Metro Park is on the edge of Akron. It is a small park with many visitors and close to a noisy highway. Mike thought it was a bad site for bald eagles, although the birds did manage to pick the one spot that you couldn’t see from the trail. The Clinton nest is more rural and close to a water source and an abundant food supply. It is less frequented by people and a better fit for the eagles’ habitat needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although only one of the nests yielded chicks, park officials are thrilled. “Every new nest is a victory for conservation and recovery,” says Johnson. “It shows what can be achieved through recovery efforts -- the ultimate success story.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=6AK1YgSAlzs%3D&tabid=6542\">Ohio Division of Wildlife Life History Notes: Bald Eagle\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/midwest/eagle/population/chtofprs.html\">U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service: Chart and Table of Bald Eagle Breeding Pairs in Lower 48 States\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.baldeagleinfo.com/\">American Bald Eagle Information\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/56757/ohios-bald-eagle-comeback","authors":["10268"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_11261","quest_12206","quest_326","quest_684","quest_980","quest_10327","quest_10379","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_3293","quest_12207","quest_12205"],"featImg":"quest_58765","label":"quest"},"quest_52708":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_52708","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"52708","score":null,"sort":[1375365653000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"troubled-waters-lake-eries-plastic-problem","title":"Troubled Waters: Lake Erie's Plastic Problem","publishDate":1375365653,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58310\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/BeachTrash.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-58310\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/BeachTrash.jpg\" alt=\"Plastic trash is making its way into Lake Erie, where researchers have found a higher density of plastics than any other body of water. Credit: WCPN ideastream\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/BeachTrash.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/BeachTrash-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Credit: WCPN ideastream\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #888888\">Community Contributor |\u003c/span>\u003c/strong> Erin Huber, Executive Director of \u003ca href=\"http://drinklocaldrinktap.org\">Drink Local. Drink Tap., Inc\u003c/a>.\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> \"I want to say one word to you -- just one word.\u003cbr>\nAre you listening?\u003cbr>\n‘Plastics.’ \"\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mr. McGuire had it right in the 1967 movie \u003cstrong>The Graduate\u003c/strong>: plastics have made a splash. \u003ca href=\"http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/364/1526/1973.full\">Since 1980,\u003c/a>plastic production has gone up 500 percent to meet demand, but this boom has come at a steep environmental price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57730\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Rainbow-Runner_M-Eriksen.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-57730\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Rainbow-Runner_M-Eriksen-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"This Rainbow Runner, a fish commonly found on menus and fish markets around the country, was found in the mid-Pacific Ocean in 2008 with 17 microplastic bits found in its stomach. Credit: Marcus Eriksen, 5 Gyres Institute\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This Rainbow Runner, a fish commonly found on menus and fish markets around the country, was found in the mid-Pacific Ocean in 2008 with 17 microplastic bits found in its stomach.\u003cbr>Credit: Marcus Eriksen, 5 Gyres Institute\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In recent years researchers and news agencies have been buzzing about the buildup of plastic debris in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sea.edu/plastics2010/images/Oceanus%20Plastic%20article%20Wilber%201987.pdf\">Atlantic\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/10/science/10patch.html?_r=1&\">Pacific Oceans\u003c/a>. The so-called \u003ca href=\"http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/info/patch.html\">Great Pacific Garbage Patch\u003c/a> is said to be twice the size of the state of Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But recent studies show that salt water isn’t the only place with a plastic problem. Scientists from the \u003ca href=\"http://5gyres.org/what_is_the_issue/the_solution/\">5 Gyres Institute\u003c/a>, a research-based advocacy group, studied plastic pollution in the Great Lakes, the largest bodies of fresh water in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There they found the highest concentration of plastics -- denser than in the oceans -- in Lake Erie. Similar \u003ca href=\"http://abstracts.acs.org/chem/245nm/program/view.php?obj_id=176594&terms=\">results\u003c/a> were found by University of Wisconsin-Superior chemist \u003ca href=\"http://www.uwsuper.edu/acaddept/naturalsciences/employees/lorena-rios-mendoza_employee1235219\">Dr. Lorena Rios-Mendoza\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How did all of this plastic end up in Lake Erie?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Trash from beaches, river banks, and neighborhood gutters makes its way into our waterways. Things like plastic cigar tips, food wrappers, toys, and disposable drink bottles get bumped around, blown, and washed off into the streets, through the sewers, and into Lake Erie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plastics break down into tiny pieces while traveling through the waterways, but they don’t biodegrade. These tiny bits of\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57838\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 365px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/microbeads0628.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-57838\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/microbeads0628-365x253.jpg\" alt=\"Face washes containing plastic microbead scrubbers could be contributing to Lake Erie's plastic soup.Credit: 5 Gyres Institute\" width=\"365\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Face washes containing plastic microbead scrubbers could be contributing to Lake Erie's plastic soup. Credit: 5 Gyres Institute\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>plastic, sometimes referred to as “toxic mermaid tears,” are found in Lake Erie at three times the density of anywhere else on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic pollution also comes from pea-sized \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.nicholas.duke.edu/thegreengrok/nurdlepollution-2/\">nurdles\u003c/a>, the preproduction base for plastics products. They enter waterways during the plastic industry’s manufacturing and shipping processes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another small particle that packs a big plastic punch comes from facial scrubs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at 5 Gyre discovered tiny round balls in Lake Erie water samples that they say are a perfect match with the microbeads found in certain face washes. According to the research group, \u003ca href=\"http://5gyres.org/posts/2013/04/16/do_plastic_micro_beads_from_facial_scrubbers_escape_sewage_treatment/\">water samples\u003c/a> from Lake Erie were loaded with these microbeads. They plan to publish their results this summer in the journal \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.journals.elsevier.com/marine-pollution-bulletin/\">Marine Pollution Bulletin\u003c/a>,\u003c/strong>\u003cem> \u003c/em>and are urging companies to phase out plastic microbead scrubbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why does plastic in Lake Erie matter?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Over time, plastics easily attract and hold hazardous \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/international/toxics/pop.html#pops\">persistent organic pollutants\u003c/a> (POPs). It’s been documented that marine animals eat these plastics, affecting their digestive systems and possibly causing malnutrition. Officials with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources say this summer they’re following up with surveys of plastic content in Lake Erie fish. If people eat fish that have consumed plastic particles, it’s likely that the plastic chemicals will end up in humans, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Lake Erie is a source of water for many cities, there’s also a concern that these plastics could leach chemicals into the water supply that may be harmful to humans. One chemical of concern is bisphenol A (BPA), which is found in many plastics and coatings and is a \u003ca href=\"http://toxtown.nlm.nih.gov/text_version/chemicals.php?id=69\">known endocrine disrupter.\u003c/a> Not only can BPA and other chemicals leach into the contents of a container, such as bottled water, or person using a certain product, such as thermal receipt paper or BPA-lined food cans, but chemicals like BPA can also leach into the surrounding environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What can be done?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The plastics in Lake Erie and elsewhere will not go away, but further pollution control is certainly possible. Right now remediation options are \u003ca href=\"http://www.pices.int/publications/presentations/PICES-2011/2011-W3/W3-1145-Baker.pdf\">generally unknown\u003c/a>, though some whimsical solutions have been proposed, such as \u003ca href=\"http://inhabitat.com/19-year-old-student-develops-ocean-cleanup-array-that-could-remove-7250000-tons-of-plastic-from-the-worlds-oceans/\">giant floating funnels\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://inhabitat.com/pacific-ocean-trash-cleans-up-nice-as-methods-new-soap-bottle/\">soap bottles\u003c/a> made of ocean trash. Many organizations, such as the United Nations, are aware of the need to remediate waters and protect them from additional plastic pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies like Unilever and Johnson & Johnson have already begun to phase out microbeads because of pollution concerns and public pressure. In addition, some organizations, like \u003ca href=\"http://plasticpollutioncoalition.org/learn/get-started/\">Plastic Pollution Coalition\u003c/a>, have been working on behavior change in the public and industry to reduce the use of all forms of plastics. Scientists and advocates alike are urging individuals to help diminish the demand by doing simple things like drinking local \u003ca href=\"http://youtu.be/ALmHd5CnlVA\">tap water\u003c/a> instead of buying bottled water, using reusable containers instead of disposables, and buying \u003ca href=\"http://plasticfreeseas.org/microbeads.html.\">microbead-free products.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While more research is needed to document and quantify the full extent and impacts of the plastics pollution in Lake Erie and other waterways, there’s already enough data to know that it’s time to rethink our relationship with plastic.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"How the buildup of small plastic particles could add up to big problems for Lake Erie, and the human and aquatic communities that depend on it.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1375365656,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":842},"headData":{"title":"Troubled Waters: Lake Erie's Plastic Problem | KQED","description":"How the buildup of small plastic particles could add up to big problems for Lake Erie, and the human and aquatic communities that depend on it.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Troubled Waters: Lake Erie's Plastic Problem","datePublished":"2013-08-01T14:00:53.000Z","dateModified":"2013-08-01T14:00:56.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"52708 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=52708","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/08/01/troubled-waters-lake-eries-plastic-problem/","disqusTitle":"Troubled Waters: Lake Erie's Plastic Problem","path":"/quest/52708/troubled-waters-lake-eries-plastic-problem","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58310\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/BeachTrash.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-58310\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/BeachTrash.jpg\" alt=\"Plastic trash is making its way into Lake Erie, where researchers have found a higher density of plastics than any other body of water. Credit: WCPN ideastream\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/BeachTrash.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/BeachTrash-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Credit: WCPN ideastream\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #888888\">Community Contributor |\u003c/span>\u003c/strong> Erin Huber, Executive Director of \u003ca href=\"http://drinklocaldrinktap.org\">Drink Local. Drink Tap., Inc\u003c/a>.\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> \"I want to say one word to you -- just one word.\u003cbr>\nAre you listening?\u003cbr>\n‘Plastics.’ \"\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mr. McGuire had it right in the 1967 movie \u003cstrong>The Graduate\u003c/strong>: plastics have made a splash. \u003ca href=\"http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/364/1526/1973.full\">Since 1980,\u003c/a>plastic production has gone up 500 percent to meet demand, but this boom has come at a steep environmental price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57730\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Rainbow-Runner_M-Eriksen.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-57730\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Rainbow-Runner_M-Eriksen-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"This Rainbow Runner, a fish commonly found on menus and fish markets around the country, was found in the mid-Pacific Ocean in 2008 with 17 microplastic bits found in its stomach. Credit: Marcus Eriksen, 5 Gyres Institute\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This Rainbow Runner, a fish commonly found on menus and fish markets around the country, was found in the mid-Pacific Ocean in 2008 with 17 microplastic bits found in its stomach.\u003cbr>Credit: Marcus Eriksen, 5 Gyres Institute\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In recent years researchers and news agencies have been buzzing about the buildup of plastic debris in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sea.edu/plastics2010/images/Oceanus%20Plastic%20article%20Wilber%201987.pdf\">Atlantic\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/10/science/10patch.html?_r=1&\">Pacific Oceans\u003c/a>. The so-called \u003ca href=\"http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/info/patch.html\">Great Pacific Garbage Patch\u003c/a> is said to be twice the size of the state of Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But recent studies show that salt water isn’t the only place with a plastic problem. Scientists from the \u003ca href=\"http://5gyres.org/what_is_the_issue/the_solution/\">5 Gyres Institute\u003c/a>, a research-based advocacy group, studied plastic pollution in the Great Lakes, the largest bodies of fresh water in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There they found the highest concentration of plastics -- denser than in the oceans -- in Lake Erie. Similar \u003ca href=\"http://abstracts.acs.org/chem/245nm/program/view.php?obj_id=176594&terms=\">results\u003c/a> were found by University of Wisconsin-Superior chemist \u003ca href=\"http://www.uwsuper.edu/acaddept/naturalsciences/employees/lorena-rios-mendoza_employee1235219\">Dr. Lorena Rios-Mendoza\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How did all of this plastic end up in Lake Erie?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Trash from beaches, river banks, and neighborhood gutters makes its way into our waterways. Things like plastic cigar tips, food wrappers, toys, and disposable drink bottles get bumped around, blown, and washed off into the streets, through the sewers, and into Lake Erie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plastics break down into tiny pieces while traveling through the waterways, but they don’t biodegrade. These tiny bits of\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57838\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 365px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/microbeads0628.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-57838\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/microbeads0628-365x253.jpg\" alt=\"Face washes containing plastic microbead scrubbers could be contributing to Lake Erie's plastic soup.Credit: 5 Gyres Institute\" width=\"365\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Face washes containing plastic microbead scrubbers could be contributing to Lake Erie's plastic soup. Credit: 5 Gyres Institute\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>plastic, sometimes referred to as “toxic mermaid tears,” are found in Lake Erie at three times the density of anywhere else on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic pollution also comes from pea-sized \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.nicholas.duke.edu/thegreengrok/nurdlepollution-2/\">nurdles\u003c/a>, the preproduction base for plastics products. They enter waterways during the plastic industry’s manufacturing and shipping processes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another small particle that packs a big plastic punch comes from facial scrubs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at 5 Gyre discovered tiny round balls in Lake Erie water samples that they say are a perfect match with the microbeads found in certain face washes. According to the research group, \u003ca href=\"http://5gyres.org/posts/2013/04/16/do_plastic_micro_beads_from_facial_scrubbers_escape_sewage_treatment/\">water samples\u003c/a> from Lake Erie were loaded with these microbeads. They plan to publish their results this summer in the journal \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.journals.elsevier.com/marine-pollution-bulletin/\">Marine Pollution Bulletin\u003c/a>,\u003c/strong>\u003cem> \u003c/em>and are urging companies to phase out plastic microbead scrubbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why does plastic in Lake Erie matter?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Over time, plastics easily attract and hold hazardous \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/international/toxics/pop.html#pops\">persistent organic pollutants\u003c/a> (POPs). It’s been documented that marine animals eat these plastics, affecting their digestive systems and possibly causing malnutrition. Officials with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources say this summer they’re following up with surveys of plastic content in Lake Erie fish. If people eat fish that have consumed plastic particles, it’s likely that the plastic chemicals will end up in humans, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Lake Erie is a source of water for many cities, there’s also a concern that these plastics could leach chemicals into the water supply that may be harmful to humans. One chemical of concern is bisphenol A (BPA), which is found in many plastics and coatings and is a \u003ca href=\"http://toxtown.nlm.nih.gov/text_version/chemicals.php?id=69\">known endocrine disrupter.\u003c/a> Not only can BPA and other chemicals leach into the contents of a container, such as bottled water, or person using a certain product, such as thermal receipt paper or BPA-lined food cans, but chemicals like BPA can also leach into the surrounding environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What can be done?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The plastics in Lake Erie and elsewhere will not go away, but further pollution control is certainly possible. Right now remediation options are \u003ca href=\"http://www.pices.int/publications/presentations/PICES-2011/2011-W3/W3-1145-Baker.pdf\">generally unknown\u003c/a>, though some whimsical solutions have been proposed, such as \u003ca href=\"http://inhabitat.com/19-year-old-student-develops-ocean-cleanup-array-that-could-remove-7250000-tons-of-plastic-from-the-worlds-oceans/\">giant floating funnels\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://inhabitat.com/pacific-ocean-trash-cleans-up-nice-as-methods-new-soap-bottle/\">soap bottles\u003c/a> made of ocean trash. Many organizations, such as the United Nations, are aware of the need to remediate waters and protect them from additional plastic pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies like Unilever and Johnson & Johnson have already begun to phase out microbeads because of pollution concerns and public pressure. In addition, some organizations, like \u003ca href=\"http://plasticpollutioncoalition.org/learn/get-started/\">Plastic Pollution Coalition\u003c/a>, have been working on behavior change in the public and industry to reduce the use of all forms of plastics. Scientists and advocates alike are urging individuals to help diminish the demand by doing simple things like drinking local \u003ca href=\"http://youtu.be/ALmHd5CnlVA\">tap water\u003c/a> instead of buying bottled water, using reusable containers instead of disposables, and buying \u003ca href=\"http://plasticfreeseas.org/microbeads.html.\">microbead-free products.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While more research is needed to document and quantify the full extent and impacts of the plastics pollution in Lake Erie and other waterways, there’s already enough data to know that it’s time to rethink our relationship with plastic.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/52708/troubled-waters-lake-eries-plastic-problem","authors":["10469"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_12","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_12021","quest_12074","quest_10201","quest_10327","quest_12098","quest_10379","quest_2141","quest_12177","quest_2349","quest_3293","quest_13365"],"featImg":"quest_58310","label":"quest"},"quest_27892":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_27892","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"27892","score":null,"sort":[1323286104000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"building-a-better-hose","title":"Building a Better Hose","publishDate":1323286104,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Article by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/gviebranz/\" title=\"George Viebranz\" target=\"_blank\">George Viebranz\u003c/a> of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/stations/ohio/\" title=\"QUEST Ohio\" target=\"_blank\">QUEST Ohio\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every day our lives are affected by the work of chemical engineers who specialize in solving problems through the use of \u003ca href=\"http://plc.cwru.edu/tutorial/enhanced/files/polymers/apps/apps.htm\" title=\"polymers\" target=\"_blank\">polymers\u003c/a>. Simply put, polymers are long “macro-molecules”, formed by combining carbon or silicon atoms with other elements like hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. The combinations form long chains of repeating chemical structures, each with a unique set of chemical properties and characteristics. Depending on the atoms used and their arrangement, engineers and chemists use polymers to create almost anything from a soft toothbrush bristle to a tough bullet-proof vest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.ideastream.org/common/embed/single.php?program=great_jobs&episode=chem_engineer\" style=\"width:512px;height:318px;border:0;overflow:hidden\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some polymers occur in nature, like cellulose, amber, shellac, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ru-Sp/Rubber.html\" title=\"natural rubber\" target=\"_blank\">natural rubber\u003c/a>. Other polymers are manufactured by chemists and engineers, and are referred to as synthetic polymers. In an ongoing quest for better and more useful materials, these scientists aim to make substances tough enough to work in the bitter cold of Antarctica or under the immense pressures encountered thousands of feet below an ocean’s surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27898\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/07/building-a-better-hose/gj-ramsay/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-27898\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/gj-ramsay-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Becki Ramsay\" title=\"gj-ramsay\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-27898\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Becki Ramsay, Chemical Engineer at Parker- Hannifin Corp. in Cleveland, Ohio.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As a part of the “\u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/imagine\" title=\"Great Job!\" target=\"_blank\">Great Job!\u003c/a>” series that highlights exciting careers in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM), a production crew with WVIZ/PBS ideastream®, in Cleveland, Ohio, spent a day with Becki Ramsay. Becki is a chemical engineer with the Hose Products Division of \u003ca href=\"http://www.parker.com/\" title=\"Parker-Hannifin Corporation\" target=\"_blank\">Parker-Hannifin Corporation\u003c/a>. She and her team create hoses from synthetic polymers to meet the design specifications they get from mechanical engineers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During our interview, Becki expressed to us why she decided early on to become an engineer. \u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“It’s sort of like you’re interested in so many different things that you don’t really know what to do. You like science, you like math, you like physics. You like all of that. And engineering is one of those things that you can go down any one of those paths depending on what your particular interest is.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp> Eventually, Becki decided that she was interested in polymers so she continued her studies to eventually become a chemical engineer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of her work with Parker, Becki and her team create hoses that remain flexible and convey power through hydraulic fluids while operating under the most extreme environmental conditions, whether it’s sub-zero temperatures or in an application that will pulse it millions of times. These hoses are absolutely critical in the operation of machinery used in industries such as construction, mining, forestry, transportation, and more. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27903\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/07/building-a-better-hose/burst_test/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-27903\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/burst_test-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"burst test chamber\" title=\"burst_test\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-27903\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inside this Burst Test Chamber, hoses are filled with water and pressurized until they explode.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Every day, Becki works with chemists and other engineers to create and test the quality of new materials. On the day of our shoot, we visited the Burst Test Chamber. The chamber is made of armor-plated steel and bullet-proof glass. Inside the chamber, hoses are filled with water and pressurized until they explode. Many of the hoses have bursting points in excess of 14,000 pounds per square inch. That would be like getting hit by an explosion with more than 15 million pounds of force, or having to lift three space shuttles! During one of the tests, the hose exploded at nearly 16,000 pounds per square inch!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The best part about this career is that I’m always learning something new. Not every design works the way we expect right from the start, but that is all part of research and development. We study and analyze samples when they fail to figure out what went wrong. We find ways to correct those problems and the whole testing process starts over again. It is exciting to see a product go from an idea to an actual sample being tested in the lab. The real satisfaction comes when you get a passing test result and know you’ve solved all the design issues.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a fascinating day for us. Sometimes we take so much for granted that we don’t think about the interesting careers and interesting people who change our world with their inventions every day. Look around your house. If you look closely enough and think deeply enough, you’ll be amazed, too, by the number of everyday conveniences we have because of the ingenuity of chemical engineers like Becki Ramsay and the many other polymer scientists just like her.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Depending on the atoms used and their arrangement, engineers and chemists use polymers to create almost anything from a soft toothbrush bristle to a tough bullet-proof vest.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1323286105,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://www.ideastream.org/common/embed/single.php"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":738},"headData":{"title":"Building a Better Hose | KQED","description":"Depending on the atoms used and their arrangement, engineers and chemists use polymers to create almost anything from a soft toothbrush bristle to a tough bullet-proof vest.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Building a Better Hose","datePublished":"2011-12-07T19:28:24.000Z","dateModified":"2011-12-07T19:28:25.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"27892 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=27892","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/07/building-a-better-hose/","disqusTitle":"Building a Better Hose","path":"/quest/27892/building-a-better-hose","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Article by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/gviebranz/\" title=\"George Viebranz\" target=\"_blank\">George Viebranz\u003c/a> of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/stations/ohio/\" title=\"QUEST Ohio\" target=\"_blank\">QUEST Ohio\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every day our lives are affected by the work of chemical engineers who specialize in solving problems through the use of \u003ca href=\"http://plc.cwru.edu/tutorial/enhanced/files/polymers/apps/apps.htm\" title=\"polymers\" target=\"_blank\">polymers\u003c/a>. Simply put, polymers are long “macro-molecules”, formed by combining carbon or silicon atoms with other elements like hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. The combinations form long chains of repeating chemical structures, each with a unique set of chemical properties and characteristics. Depending on the atoms used and their arrangement, engineers and chemists use polymers to create almost anything from a soft toothbrush bristle to a tough bullet-proof vest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.ideastream.org/common/embed/single.php?program=great_jobs&episode=chem_engineer\" style=\"width:512px;height:318px;border:0;overflow:hidden\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some polymers occur in nature, like cellulose, amber, shellac, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ru-Sp/Rubber.html\" title=\"natural rubber\" target=\"_blank\">natural rubber\u003c/a>. Other polymers are manufactured by chemists and engineers, and are referred to as synthetic polymers. In an ongoing quest for better and more useful materials, these scientists aim to make substances tough enough to work in the bitter cold of Antarctica or under the immense pressures encountered thousands of feet below an ocean’s surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27898\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/07/building-a-better-hose/gj-ramsay/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-27898\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/gj-ramsay-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Becki Ramsay\" title=\"gj-ramsay\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-27898\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Becki Ramsay, Chemical Engineer at Parker- Hannifin Corp. in Cleveland, Ohio.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As a part of the “\u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/imagine\" title=\"Great Job!\" target=\"_blank\">Great Job!\u003c/a>” series that highlights exciting careers in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM), a production crew with WVIZ/PBS ideastream®, in Cleveland, Ohio, spent a day with Becki Ramsay. Becki is a chemical engineer with the Hose Products Division of \u003ca href=\"http://www.parker.com/\" title=\"Parker-Hannifin Corporation\" target=\"_blank\">Parker-Hannifin Corporation\u003c/a>. She and her team create hoses from synthetic polymers to meet the design specifications they get from mechanical engineers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During our interview, Becki expressed to us why she decided early on to become an engineer. \u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“It’s sort of like you’re interested in so many different things that you don’t really know what to do. You like science, you like math, you like physics. You like all of that. And engineering is one of those things that you can go down any one of those paths depending on what your particular interest is.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp> Eventually, Becki decided that she was interested in polymers so she continued her studies to eventually become a chemical engineer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of her work with Parker, Becki and her team create hoses that remain flexible and convey power through hydraulic fluids while operating under the most extreme environmental conditions, whether it’s sub-zero temperatures or in an application that will pulse it millions of times. These hoses are absolutely critical in the operation of machinery used in industries such as construction, mining, forestry, transportation, and more. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27903\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/07/building-a-better-hose/burst_test/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-27903\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/burst_test-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"burst test chamber\" title=\"burst_test\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-27903\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inside this Burst Test Chamber, hoses are filled with water and pressurized until they explode.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Every day, Becki works with chemists and other engineers to create and test the quality of new materials. On the day of our shoot, we visited the Burst Test Chamber. The chamber is made of armor-plated steel and bullet-proof glass. Inside the chamber, hoses are filled with water and pressurized until they explode. Many of the hoses have bursting points in excess of 14,000 pounds per square inch. That would be like getting hit by an explosion with more than 15 million pounds of force, or having to lift three space shuttles! During one of the tests, the hose exploded at nearly 16,000 pounds per square inch!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The best part about this career is that I’m always learning something new. Not every design works the way we expect right from the start, but that is all part of research and development. We study and analyze samples when they fail to figure out what went wrong. We find ways to correct those problems and the whole testing process starts over again. It is exciting to see a product go from an idea to an actual sample being tested in the lab. The real satisfaction comes when you get a passing test result and know you’ve solved all the design issues.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a fascinating day for us. Sometimes we take so much for granted that we don’t think about the interesting careers and interesting people who change our world with their inventions every day. Look around your house. If you look closely enough and think deeply enough, you’ll be amazed, too, by the number of everyday conveniences we have because of the ingenuity of chemical engineers like Becki Ramsay and the many other polymer scientists just like her.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/27892/building-a-better-hose","authors":["10264","10295"],"categories":["quest_5","quest_8"],"tags":["quest_13197","quest_3563","quest_10527","quest_3351","quest_3325","quest_10379","quest_2141","quest_10526","quest_2349","quest_3293","quest_10326"],"featImg":"quest_27903","label":"quest"},"quest_26353":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_26353","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"26353","score":null,"sort":[1320179593000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"asian-carp-an-alien-threat-to-lake-erie","title":"Asian Carp, an \"Alien\" Threat to Lake Erie ","publishDate":1320179593,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26395\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 259px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/01/asian-carp-an-alien-threat-to-lake-erie/lsi_poster/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-26395\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-26395\" title=\"lsi_poster\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/lsi_poster-259x360.jpg\" alt='\"Attack of the Alien Invaders,\" produced by WVIZ/PBS, was first created as an educational series called \"LSI: Life Science Investigation.\"' width=\"259\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"Attack of the Alien Invaders,\" produced by WVIZ/PBS, was first created as an educational series called \"LSI: Life Science Investigation.\"\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lake Erie is considered to be the most productive of all five of the Great Lakes.Within its waters are diverse and interdependent plants and animals that make up an intricate web of life. Mostly due to human carelessness, the lake has become home to an increasing number of non-native plants, animals, and micro-organisms which threaten the balance of the entire ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the WVIZ/PBS program, \u003ca title=\"Attack of the Alien Invaders\" href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/programs/attack\" target=\"_blank\">Attack of the Alien Invaders\u003c/a>, Dante Centuori, Director of Creative Productions at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.greatscience.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Great Lakes Science Center\u003c/a> in Cleveland, Ohio, traveled in and around Lake Erie visiting with scientists and government officials who are investigating Lake Erie’s ecosystem, the challenges it has faced in the past, as well as those it may face in the future. Of particular interest was one of the biggest potential threats to the lake- a voracious invasive species collectively called “Asian carp.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/invasives/aquaticanimals/asiancarp/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">Bighead carp\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis\u003c/em>) and \u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/invasives/aquaticanimals/asiancarp/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">Silver carp\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix\u003c/em>) were first introduced to the U.S. in the 1970s as a chemical-free and “environmentally friendly” way of cleaning up algae in southern fish farms and water treatment plants. During the Mississippi River floods of the early 1990s, these fish escaped into “The Big River” and its tributaries. Since then, these big, hungry, and prolific fish have made their way north all the way up to the back door of the Great Lakes. If they enter the Great Lakes, it is feared that these fish will continue on to Lake Erie where they could further disrupt the Great Lakes’ most productive ecosystem, with unknown long-term consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26419\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/01/asian-carp-an-alien-threat-to-lake-erie/dante_hageman/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-26419\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-26419\" title=\"dante_hageman\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/dante_hageman-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Dante and John Hageman\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Hageman from Ohio State's Stone Laboratory shows Dante Centuori an invasive Silver Carp.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dante first visited \u003ca href=\"http://stonelab.osu.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Stone Laboratory\u003c/a>, a research facility located in the Western Basin of Lake Erie in Put-in-Bay, Ohio. There, he met John Hageman who displayed, and dissected a Silver carp; revealing an anatomical structure that makes these fish particularly threatening to the food energy balance so important to Lake Erie’s native inhabitants. Dante then accompanied another Stone Lab researcher on a good old fashioned Lake Erie “fish trawl” where he came across many of the lake’s native and invasive species-- such as the omnipresent \u003ca href=\"http://www.glsc.usgs.gov/main.php?content=research_invasive_zebramussel&title=Invasive%20Invertebrates0&menu=research_invasive_invertebrates\" target=\"_blank\">zebra mussel\u003c/a> and the abundant \u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?speciesid=95\" target=\"_blank\">quagga mussel\u003c/a>, two detrimental invasives brought in to the Great Lakes by the ballast water of ocean-going vessels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dante continued on to \u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/Home/ExperienceWildlifeSubHomePage/where_to_viewwildlifelandingpage/OldWomanCreekDefault/tabid/15312/Default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Old Woman Creek\u003c/a>, a national research center and fresh water estuary in nearby Huron, Ohio, where he encountered some frisky \u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/Home/species_a_to_z/SpeciesGuideIndex/commoncarp/tabid/6589/Default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>common\u003c/em> carp\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Cyprinus carpio\u003c/em>) whose behavior may help scientists predict what may happen to Ohio’s interior rivers and streams, if their distant relatives from the east choose to join them. Next, he returned to Stone Lab to investigate how the Bighead and Silver carp have influenced and impacted the native species of the Mississippi and Illinois River ecosystems. He next traveled to Lake Erie’s Central Basin- to Cleveland, Ohio for a rendezvous with a federal employee who explained how Asian carp are being monitored and controlled in one of the most probable points of entry into the Great Lakes, Chicago’s \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Sanitary_and_Ship_Canal\" target=\"_blank\">Shipping and Sanitary Canal\u003c/a> at the southern end of Lake Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lastly, Dante returned to Put-In-Bay where he talked with Jeff Tyson of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ohiodnr.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Ohio Department of Natural Resources\u003c/a>, who described the management techniques used to control one of the harmful invasive species in Lake Erie; the \u003ca href=\"http://www.glsc.usgs.gov/main.php?content=research_lamprey&title=...nu=research_invasive_fish\" target=\"_blank\">Sea Lamprey\u003c/a>. Could techniques similar to those used to control the Lamprey be applied in the event of an Asian carp invasion? What other plans are in place if these strange and dangerous \"jumping fish\" make it to Lake Erie? If they do, and these strategies don’t work, what’s next? Even though each expert interviewed had his or her own theory, in the end, they all agreed that it is not a scenario that they’d want to see play out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/programs/attack\" target=\"_blank\">Attack of the Alien Invaders\u003c/a>\u003c/em> was broadcasted to a general audience in January of 2011, WVIZ Education produced “\u003ca href=\"http://www.wviz.org/lsi\" target=\"_blank\">LSI: Life Science Investigation\u003c/a>,” a multi-media resource created for the classroom. Scott Barber, a teacher in Berea, Ohio, explained how this “fish story,” presented as an interactive mystery, and accompanying classroom resources on the web, has helped his students learn core life science concepts.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366755318,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":760},"headData":{"title":"Asian Carp, an \"Alien\" Threat to Lake Erie | KQED","description":"Lake Erie is considered to be the most productive of all five of the Great Lakes.Within its waters are diverse and interdependent plants and animals that make up an intricate web of life. Mostly due to human carelessness, the lake has become home to an increasing number of non-native plants, animals, and micro-organisms which threaten","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Asian Carp, an \"Alien\" Threat to Lake Erie ","datePublished":"2011-11-01T20:33:13.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-23T22:15:18.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"26353 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=news_articles&p=26353","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/01/asian-carp-an-alien-threat-to-lake-erie/","disqusTitle":"Asian Carp, an \"Alien\" Threat to Lake Erie ","path":"/quest/26353/asian-carp-an-alien-threat-to-lake-erie","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26395\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 259px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/01/asian-carp-an-alien-threat-to-lake-erie/lsi_poster/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-26395\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-26395\" title=\"lsi_poster\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/lsi_poster-259x360.jpg\" alt='\"Attack of the Alien Invaders,\" produced by WVIZ/PBS, was first created as an educational series called \"LSI: Life Science Investigation.\"' width=\"259\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"Attack of the Alien Invaders,\" produced by WVIZ/PBS, was first created as an educational series called \"LSI: Life Science Investigation.\"\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lake Erie is considered to be the most productive of all five of the Great Lakes.Within its waters are diverse and interdependent plants and animals that make up an intricate web of life. Mostly due to human carelessness, the lake has become home to an increasing number of non-native plants, animals, and micro-organisms which threaten the balance of the entire ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the WVIZ/PBS program, \u003ca title=\"Attack of the Alien Invaders\" href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/programs/attack\" target=\"_blank\">Attack of the Alien Invaders\u003c/a>, Dante Centuori, Director of Creative Productions at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.greatscience.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Great Lakes Science Center\u003c/a> in Cleveland, Ohio, traveled in and around Lake Erie visiting with scientists and government officials who are investigating Lake Erie’s ecosystem, the challenges it has faced in the past, as well as those it may face in the future. Of particular interest was one of the biggest potential threats to the lake- a voracious invasive species collectively called “Asian carp.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/invasives/aquaticanimals/asiancarp/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">Bighead carp\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis\u003c/em>) and \u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/invasives/aquaticanimals/asiancarp/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">Silver carp\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix\u003c/em>) were first introduced to the U.S. in the 1970s as a chemical-free and “environmentally friendly” way of cleaning up algae in southern fish farms and water treatment plants. During the Mississippi River floods of the early 1990s, these fish escaped into “The Big River” and its tributaries. Since then, these big, hungry, and prolific fish have made their way north all the way up to the back door of the Great Lakes. If they enter the Great Lakes, it is feared that these fish will continue on to Lake Erie where they could further disrupt the Great Lakes’ most productive ecosystem, with unknown long-term consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26419\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/01/asian-carp-an-alien-threat-to-lake-erie/dante_hageman/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-26419\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-26419\" title=\"dante_hageman\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/dante_hageman-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Dante and John Hageman\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Hageman from Ohio State's Stone Laboratory shows Dante Centuori an invasive Silver Carp.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dante first visited \u003ca href=\"http://stonelab.osu.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Stone Laboratory\u003c/a>, a research facility located in the Western Basin of Lake Erie in Put-in-Bay, Ohio. There, he met John Hageman who displayed, and dissected a Silver carp; revealing an anatomical structure that makes these fish particularly threatening to the food energy balance so important to Lake Erie’s native inhabitants. Dante then accompanied another Stone Lab researcher on a good old fashioned Lake Erie “fish trawl” where he came across many of the lake’s native and invasive species-- such as the omnipresent \u003ca href=\"http://www.glsc.usgs.gov/main.php?content=research_invasive_zebramussel&title=Invasive%20Invertebrates0&menu=research_invasive_invertebrates\" target=\"_blank\">zebra mussel\u003c/a> and the abundant \u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?speciesid=95\" target=\"_blank\">quagga mussel\u003c/a>, two detrimental invasives brought in to the Great Lakes by the ballast water of ocean-going vessels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dante continued on to \u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/Home/ExperienceWildlifeSubHomePage/where_to_viewwildlifelandingpage/OldWomanCreekDefault/tabid/15312/Default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Old Woman Creek\u003c/a>, a national research center and fresh water estuary in nearby Huron, Ohio, where he encountered some frisky \u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/Home/species_a_to_z/SpeciesGuideIndex/commoncarp/tabid/6589/Default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>common\u003c/em> carp\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Cyprinus carpio\u003c/em>) whose behavior may help scientists predict what may happen to Ohio’s interior rivers and streams, if their distant relatives from the east choose to join them. Next, he returned to Stone Lab to investigate how the Bighead and Silver carp have influenced and impacted the native species of the Mississippi and Illinois River ecosystems. He next traveled to Lake Erie’s Central Basin- to Cleveland, Ohio for a rendezvous with a federal employee who explained how Asian carp are being monitored and controlled in one of the most probable points of entry into the Great Lakes, Chicago’s \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Sanitary_and_Ship_Canal\" target=\"_blank\">Shipping and Sanitary Canal\u003c/a> at the southern end of Lake Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lastly, Dante returned to Put-In-Bay where he talked with Jeff Tyson of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ohiodnr.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Ohio Department of Natural Resources\u003c/a>, who described the management techniques used to control one of the harmful invasive species in Lake Erie; the \u003ca href=\"http://www.glsc.usgs.gov/main.php?content=research_lamprey&title=...nu=research_invasive_fish\" target=\"_blank\">Sea Lamprey\u003c/a>. Could techniques similar to those used to control the Lamprey be applied in the event of an Asian carp invasion? What other plans are in place if these strange and dangerous \"jumping fish\" make it to Lake Erie? If they do, and these strategies don’t work, what’s next? Even though each expert interviewed had his or her own theory, in the end, they all agreed that it is not a scenario that they’d want to see play out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/programs/attack\" target=\"_blank\">Attack of the Alien Invaders\u003c/a>\u003c/em> was broadcasted to a general audience in January of 2011, WVIZ Education produced “\u003ca href=\"http://www.wviz.org/lsi\" target=\"_blank\">LSI: Life Science Investigation\u003c/a>,” a multi-media resource created for the classroom. Scott Barber, a teacher in Berea, Ohio, explained how this “fish story,” presented as an interactive mystery, and accompanying classroom resources on the web, has helped his students learn core life science concepts.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/26353/asian-carp-an-alien-threat-to-lake-erie","authors":["10264"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_10200","quest_326","quest_10378","quest_10336","quest_10201","quest_1489","quest_10380","quest_10379","quest_3293","quest_3108"],"featImg":"quest_26613","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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