USGS at the Forefront of Saving Bats From White-Nose Syndrome (WNS)
Science on the SPOT: National Wildlife Health Center Investigates
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Soth","firstName":"Andy","lastName":"Soth","slug":"andysoth","email":"andy.soth@wpt.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Andy Soth is a senior producer at Wisconsin Public Television based in Madison. 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The Center’s mission is to safeguard wildlife and ecosystem health through dynamic partnerships and exceptional science. I was at the cave with two Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department biologists to learn more about white-nose syndrome (WNS), a new disease that was killing bats in New York, Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut by the thousands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bats are fascinating creatures that have evolved very specialized survival skills. One of these is their ability to hibernate to conserve energy by reducing their heart rate, temperature and other body functions to very low levels for extended periods. This allows bats to survive long winters using their stored body fat when their insect food source is unavailable. Although bats may briefly rouse out of hibernation to drink water or move to a different part of the cave, they typically stay deep in their hibernaculum or winter “roost site” until spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it was odd in winter 2007 when New York residents reported seeing bats flying during the day and finding them dead in the snow in their yards. Biologists following up on the reports were surprised to find a nearby cave littered with dead bats and a fuzzy white growth on the nose and wings of some of the live bats. The following winter, sick and dead bats were reported in multiple locations in New York as well as Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. The disease has now spread as far west as Kentucky, as far south as North Carolina, and to four Canadian provinces. It is estimated that over a million bats have died since 2007, making this the largest disease outbreak among mammals in modern times. WNS has spread very rapidly, by bats themselves, and likely also by people moving between \u003ca href=\"http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/disease_information/white-nose_syndrome/index.jsp\">affected and unaffected sites\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27851\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 426px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/3-wns-map-2007-08-ds.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/3-wns-map-2007-08-ds-426x360.jpg\" alt=\"WNS Occurrence by County. Map courtesy of Cal Butchkoski, Pennsylvania Game Commission. \" title=\"3-wns-map-2007-08-ds\" width=\"426\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-27851\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">WNS Occurrence by County. Map courtesy of Cal Butchkoski, Pennsylvania Game Commission. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Click on map for a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/3-wns-map-2007-08-ds.jpg\">larger version.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navigating the icy rocks into the Vermont cave, dead bats were so numerous; stepping on them was sometimes unavoidable. A live little brown bat clinging to the rocks overhead didn’t have white nose fuzz but did have wing damage, which we now know, is one of the components of WNS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27858\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/bats-white-nose-wing640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Photo Credit: Kimberli Miller, USGS Nation Wildlife Health Center\" title=\"bats-white-nose-wing640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-27858\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit: Kimberli Miller, USGS Nation Wildlife Health Center\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, scientists are collaborating to quickly learn as much as possible about this disease. One of my Center’s laboratories first isolated a cold-loving fungus from sick bats that they later named \u003ca href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/newsroom/article.asp?ID=3015\">\u003cem>Geomyces destructans\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. Additional studies determined that it is the cause of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature10590.html\">WNS\u003c/a>. Other scientists studied the wing damage caused by the fungus and how the injury affects body temperature and hydration during hibernation. The caving community has helped efforts to prevent the accidental spread of the fungus to new areas on equipment and supplies. All involved hope to one-day find ways to slow or halt the spread of the disease and reduce bat deaths before WNS causes some bat species to become extinct.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In the winter of 2007, residents of New York State began finding dead bats in their yards. Since then it’s estimated that more than a million bats have died from white-nose syndrome, a fuzzy white fungus that grows on their noses and wings. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1322532555,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":574},"headData":{"title":"USGS at the Forefront of Saving Bats From White-Nose Syndrome (WNS) | KQED","description":"In the winter of 2007, residents of New York State began finding dead bats in their yards. Since then it’s estimated that more than a million bats have died from white-nose syndrome, a fuzzy white fungus that grows on their noses and wings. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"27371 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=27371","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/01/usgs-at-forefront-of-saving-bats-from-white-nose-syndrome/","disqusTitle":"USGS at the Forefront of Saving Bats From White-Nose Syndrome (WNS)","path":"/quest/27371/usgs-at-forefront-of-saving-bats-from-white-nose-syndrome","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27849\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/bats-ice640.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/bats-ice640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Photo Credit: Kimberli Miller, USGS National Wildlife Health Center\" title=\"bats-ice640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-27849\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit: Kimberli Miller, USGS National Wildlife Health Center.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Standing in the entrance of a Vermont cave in March 2008, it was clear from the dead bats in the snow, another flying in the frigid cold and one clinging to an icicle that something was wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m a Wildlife Disease Specialist for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/\">USGS National Wildlife Health Center\u003c/a> in Madison, Wisconsin. The Center’s mission is to safeguard wildlife and ecosystem health through dynamic partnerships and exceptional science. I was at the cave with two Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department biologists to learn more about white-nose syndrome (WNS), a new disease that was killing bats in New York, Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut by the thousands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bats are fascinating creatures that have evolved very specialized survival skills. One of these is their ability to hibernate to conserve energy by reducing their heart rate, temperature and other body functions to very low levels for extended periods. This allows bats to survive long winters using their stored body fat when their insect food source is unavailable. Although bats may briefly rouse out of hibernation to drink water or move to a different part of the cave, they typically stay deep in their hibernaculum or winter “roost site” until spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it was odd in winter 2007 when New York residents reported seeing bats flying during the day and finding them dead in the snow in their yards. Biologists following up on the reports were surprised to find a nearby cave littered with dead bats and a fuzzy white growth on the nose and wings of some of the live bats. The following winter, sick and dead bats were reported in multiple locations in New York as well as Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. The disease has now spread as far west as Kentucky, as far south as North Carolina, and to four Canadian provinces. It is estimated that over a million bats have died since 2007, making this the largest disease outbreak among mammals in modern times. WNS has spread very rapidly, by bats themselves, and likely also by people moving between \u003ca href=\"http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/disease_information/white-nose_syndrome/index.jsp\">affected and unaffected sites\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27851\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 426px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/3-wns-map-2007-08-ds.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/3-wns-map-2007-08-ds-426x360.jpg\" alt=\"WNS Occurrence by County. Map courtesy of Cal Butchkoski, Pennsylvania Game Commission. \" title=\"3-wns-map-2007-08-ds\" width=\"426\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-27851\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">WNS Occurrence by County. Map courtesy of Cal Butchkoski, Pennsylvania Game Commission. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Click on map for a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/3-wns-map-2007-08-ds.jpg\">larger version.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navigating the icy rocks into the Vermont cave, dead bats were so numerous; stepping on them was sometimes unavoidable. A live little brown bat clinging to the rocks overhead didn’t have white nose fuzz but did have wing damage, which we now know, is one of the components of WNS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27858\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/bats-white-nose-wing640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Photo Credit: Kimberli Miller, USGS Nation Wildlife Health Center\" title=\"bats-white-nose-wing640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-27858\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit: Kimberli Miller, USGS Nation Wildlife Health Center\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, scientists are collaborating to quickly learn as much as possible about this disease. One of my Center’s laboratories first isolated a cold-loving fungus from sick bats that they later named \u003ca href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/newsroom/article.asp?ID=3015\">\u003cem>Geomyces destructans\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. Additional studies determined that it is the cause of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature10590.html\">WNS\u003c/a>. Other scientists studied the wing damage caused by the fungus and how the injury affects body temperature and hydration during hibernation. The caving community has helped efforts to prevent the accidental spread of the fungus to new areas on equipment and supplies. All involved hope to one-day find ways to slow or halt the spread of the disease and reduce bat deaths before WNS causes some bat species to become extinct.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/27371/usgs-at-forefront-of-saving-bats-from-white-nose-syndrome","authors":["10307"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_280","quest_10455","quest_3351","quest_10456","quest_10457","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_3292","quest_3321","quest_3048","quest_3825","quest_10416"],"featImg":"quest_27845","label":"quest"},"quest_27785":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_27785","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"27785","score":null,"sort":[1322092179000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"science-on-the-spot-national-wildlife-health-center-investigates","title":"Science on the SPOT: National Wildlife Health Center Investigates","publishDate":1322092179,"format":"video","headTitle":"Science on the SPOT | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":3296,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>The setting could almost pass for a peaceful wildlife refuge, but for the daily rumbling of the Fed-Ex truck on the winding gravel road. It’s the sylvan campus of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/\">USGS National Wildlife Health Center\u003c/a> in Madison, Wisconsin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The National Wildlife Health Center is sort of what it says. We're a national center and we receive carcasses from refuges and state management areas all around the country, usually from state biologists, federal biologists, tribal biologists,” says disease investigation chief \u003ca href=\"http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/staff/scott_wright.jsp\">Dr. Scott Wright\u003c/a>. Those carcasses shipped overnight to the center are most often samples taken from large animal die-offs. It’s the job of the center to determine the cause of death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Much like the CDC would do for human health, or the USDA would do for agricultural animals, for livestock and so forth, that's the role we play for wildlife,” says Wright.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the heart of the center is a level 3 bio-safety lab where the animal samples are processed and examined through necropsy, the animal version of an autopsy. “Every case that comes in is a potential real challenge,” says veterinary pathologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/staff/david_green.jsp\">Dr. David Green\u003c/a>. “I sit down and look at all of these different lab results; the toxicology, the poison tests, the virus cultures, the bacterial cultures. And I have to put all of these pieces of information together to determine why was that animal sick, why did that animal die or why did 500 birds die at this site.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/04/us/04beebe.html\">5000 red winged blackbirds dying in a small Arkansas town\u003c/a> on New Year’s Eve 2010 that briefly thrust the work of the Center into the national spotlight. “Oh there were just all sorts of clever names applied to the event,” remembers Green. “'\u003ca href=\"http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2011/0107/Aflockalypse-now-Turns-out-mass-bird-deaths-are-quite-common\">Aflockolypse\u003c/a>' was, I think, the cleverest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harbinger of the end times, covert military testing, magnetic disruption, all manner of strange theories were applied to the event. The intense interest surprised the NWHC staff, says Wright. “There were people calling me at my home at night, on weekends wanting to know what was going on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cause of death, determined after numerous bird necropsies, was much more banal than the theories. “All of the tests and cultures that we did for infectious diseases and parasites and chemicals came back negative,” says Green. “Basically it came down to, we couldn't find anything other than physical injuries, what we call blunt force trauma in the birds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those necropsy findings, combined with field reports of New Year’s fireworks, and the fact that blackbirds are terrible night flyers came together to paint a picture of startled birds flying into each other and stationary objects and succumbing to traumatic injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This most plausible explanation didn’t satisfy the most dedicated conspiracy-theorists according to Wright. “It really sort of floored us. We didn't expect that. We didn't expect to be not believed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s something that Dr. Wright, who is soon to retire from the Center, finds a troubling omen for the future of science and public understanding. “Science is not being believed,” he says. “That's not a good sign, because there's too much important stuff coming that we need to be stepping up and telling everybody, ‘This is what's going on.’ And they hopefully will believe us.” \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The USGS National Wildlife Health Center investigates animal die-offs and threats to endangered species through on-site investigation and necropsies--animal autopsy--at its headquarters in Madison, Wisconsin.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1486516290,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":586},"headData":{"title":"Science on the SPOT: National Wildlife Health Center Investigates | KQED","description":"The USGS National Wildlife Health Center investigates animal die-offs and threats to endangered species through on-site investigation and necropsies--animal autopsy--at its headquarters in Madison, Wisconsin.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"27785 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=videos&p=27785","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/23/science-on-the-spot-national-wildlife-health-center-investigates/","disqusTitle":"Science on the SPOT: National Wildlife Health Center Investigates","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2N50uNKpBMc","path":"/quest/27785/science-on-the-spot-national-wildlife-health-center-investigates","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The setting could almost pass for a peaceful wildlife refuge, but for the daily rumbling of the Fed-Ex truck on the winding gravel road. It’s the sylvan campus of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/\">USGS National Wildlife Health Center\u003c/a> in Madison, Wisconsin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The National Wildlife Health Center is sort of what it says. We're a national center and we receive carcasses from refuges and state management areas all around the country, usually from state biologists, federal biologists, tribal biologists,” says disease investigation chief \u003ca href=\"http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/staff/scott_wright.jsp\">Dr. Scott Wright\u003c/a>. Those carcasses shipped overnight to the center are most often samples taken from large animal die-offs. It’s the job of the center to determine the cause of death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Much like the CDC would do for human health, or the USDA would do for agricultural animals, for livestock and so forth, that's the role we play for wildlife,” says Wright.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the heart of the center is a level 3 bio-safety lab where the animal samples are processed and examined through necropsy, the animal version of an autopsy. “Every case that comes in is a potential real challenge,” says veterinary pathologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/staff/david_green.jsp\">Dr. David Green\u003c/a>. “I sit down and look at all of these different lab results; the toxicology, the poison tests, the virus cultures, the bacterial cultures. And I have to put all of these pieces of information together to determine why was that animal sick, why did that animal die or why did 500 birds die at this site.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/04/us/04beebe.html\">5000 red winged blackbirds dying in a small Arkansas town\u003c/a> on New Year’s Eve 2010 that briefly thrust the work of the Center into the national spotlight. “Oh there were just all sorts of clever names applied to the event,” remembers Green. “'\u003ca href=\"http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2011/0107/Aflockalypse-now-Turns-out-mass-bird-deaths-are-quite-common\">Aflockolypse\u003c/a>' was, I think, the cleverest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harbinger of the end times, covert military testing, magnetic disruption, all manner of strange theories were applied to the event. The intense interest surprised the NWHC staff, says Wright. “There were people calling me at my home at night, on weekends wanting to know what was going on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cause of death, determined after numerous bird necropsies, was much more banal than the theories. “All of the tests and cultures that we did for infectious diseases and parasites and chemicals came back negative,” says Green. “Basically it came down to, we couldn't find anything other than physical injuries, what we call blunt force trauma in the birds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those necropsy findings, combined with field reports of New Year’s fireworks, and the fact that blackbirds are terrible night flyers came together to paint a picture of startled birds flying into each other and stationary objects and succumbing to traumatic injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This most plausible explanation didn’t satisfy the most dedicated conspiracy-theorists according to Wright. “It really sort of floored us. We didn't expect that. We didn't expect to be not believed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s something that Dr. Wright, who is soon to retire from the Center, finds a troubling omen for the future of science and public understanding. “Science is not being believed,” he says. “That's not a good sign, because there's too much important stuff coming that we need to be stepping up and telling everybody, ‘This is what's going on.’ And they hopefully will believe us.” \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/27785/science-on-the-spot-national-wildlife-health-center-investigates","authors":["10275"],"series":["quest_3296"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_148","quest_10494","quest_10495","quest_1148","quest_3351","quest_1961","quest_10457","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_12355","quest_10496","quest_3321","quest_3048","quest_10497","quest_10498"],"featImg":"quest_27787","label":"quest_3296"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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