Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI)Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI)
http://www.mbari.org/
From Alvin to Robots: Deep Changes in Ocean Science
Exploring Corals of the Deep
Amazing Jellies
Zeppelins Resurrected
Underwater Wilderness: Creating Marine Protected Areas
Tagging Pacific Predators
The Fierce Humboldt Squid
Sponsored
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She joined KQED as a TV producer when its science series QUEST started in 2006 and has covered everything from Alzheimer’s to bee die-offs to dark energy.\r\n\r\nShe won a 2022 AAAS Kavli Science Journalism Award with a team of her Deep Look colleagues. She has won five regional Emmys as a video producer and has shared seven more as the coordinating producer of Deep Look. The episode she produced about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/728086/how-mosquitoes-use-six-needles-to-suck-your-blood\">How Mosquitoes Use Six Needles to Suck Your Blood\u003c/a> won a Webby \"People's Voice\" award. She has also earned awards from the Jackson Hole Wildlife Film Festival, the Society of Professional Journalists and the Society of Environmental Journalists.\r\n\r\nHer videos for KQED have also aired on NOVA scienceNOW and the PBS NewsHour, and appeared on NPR.org.\r\n\r\nAs an independent filmmaker, she produced and directed the hour-long documentary \u003ca href=\"http://lpbp.org/beautiful-sin-qa-with-producer-gabriela-quiros/\">\u003cem>Beautiful Sin\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, about the surprising story of how Costa Rica became the only country in the world to outlaw in vitro fertilization. The film aired in 2015 on public television stations throughout the U.S., and in Costa Rica.\r\n\r\nShe started her journalism career as a newspaper reporter in Costa Rica, where she grew up. She won the National Science Journalism Award there for a series of articles about organic agriculture, and developed a life-long interest in health reporting. She moved to the Bay Area in 1996 to study documentary filmmaking at the University of California, Berkeley, where she received master’s degrees in journalism and Latin American studies.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6d82c20152affd1b434c31a904c40809?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"gabrielaquirosr","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["editor","ef_view_calendar","ef_view_story_budget"]}],"headData":{"title":"Gabriela Quirós | KQED","description":"Video Producer and Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6d82c20152affd1b434c31a904c40809?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6d82c20152affd1b434c31a904c40809?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/gabriela-quiros"},"chris-bauer":{"type":"authors","id":"10169","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10169","found":true},"name":"Chris Bauer","firstName":"Chris","lastName":"Bauer","slug":"chris-bauer","email":"cbauer@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Chris Bauer is a Freelance Media Producer with over 20 years experience working in broadcast television; producing sports, history, technology, science, environment and adventure related programming. He is a two-time winner of the international Society of Environmental Journalists Award for Outstanding Television Story and has received multiple Northern California Emmy Awards. Some of his Quest stories have been featured in the San Francisco Ocean Film Festival, Jackson Hole Wildlife Film Festival, United Nations Association Film Festival, the BLUE Ocean Film Festival and the Environmental Film Festival in Washington DC. A 5th generation Bay Area resident and a graduate of St. Mary's College of California, his hobbies include canoeing, snowboarding, wood-working and trying to play the ukulele. He and his family live in Alameda, CA.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d606424d49e072570290f2ab542490b0?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Chris Bauer | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d606424d49e072570290f2ab542490b0?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d606424d49e072570290f2ab542490b0?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/chris-bauer"},"joan-johnson":{"type":"authors","id":"10193","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10193","found":true},"name":"Joan Johnson","firstName":"Joan","lastName":"Johnson","slug":"joan-johnson","email":"jjohnson@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Joan Johnson is an \u003cstrong>TV Associate Producer for QUEST\u003c/strong>. Joan got her start making science television back in 1998 when she joined the team at Sea Studios in Monterey, working as a researcher and production coordinator on \u003ca href=\"http://nationalgeographic.com/channel/\">National Geographic Television\u003c/a> projects for 4 years. Following that she pursued a career in features and network television down in Los Angeles, working on seven full length feature films, three television shows and several pilots. Joan graduated in 1993 from U.C. Santa Cruz with honors in Biology, and spent several years working as a marine biologist, naturalist and SCUBA guide. Originally from San Francisco, Joan is thrilled to be home and working on QUEST, fulfilling a long-term goal of combining her interests in science and entertainment.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/692b727df9469f1e643b6b30d399076e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Joan Johnson | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/692b727df9469f1e643b6b30d399076e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/692b727df9469f1e643b6b30d399076e?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/joan-johnson"},"lindsay-kelliher":{"type":"authors","id":"10206","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10206","found":true},"name":"Lindsay Kelliher","firstName":"Lindsay","lastName":"Kelliher","slug":"lindsay-kelliher","email":"lkelliher@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Lindsay has been in media in California for more than a decade, dividing her time between San Francisco Bay and Monterey Bay. She has worked on documentary and factual programs for PBS (NOVA and NATURE), National Geographic, Discovery, and Animal Planet. She has also been involved with working and volunteering for local Animal Rescue organizations. She loves her new home with QUEST, letting her combine her love of animals and nature with her science-nerd tendencies. Lindsay graduated with honors from Northwestern’s Radio, TV, and Film department.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/58f84d90c37fac0580527a0cb97d2cc3?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Lindsay Kelliher | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/58f84d90c37fac0580527a0cb97d2cc3?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/58f84d90c37fac0580527a0cb97d2cc3?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/lindsay-kelliher"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_39936":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_39936","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"39936","score":null,"sort":[1340377684000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"from-alvin-to-robots-changes-in-ocean-science","title":"From Alvin to Robots: Deep Changes in Ocean Science","publishDate":1340377684,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Later this year, an iconic instrument of science returns to the sea: Alvin, the submersible that captured the first images of the Titanic wreck and discovered countless new species in exotic places like hydrothermal vents at the bottom of the ocean floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ocean technology has come a long way since Alvin made its first dive in 1964. Increasingly, scientists rely on robots, rather than manned submarines such as Alvin, to explore the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when humans no longer put themselves at risk in the ocean depths, do we lose the thrill of exploration?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The thrill, and the danger, of ocean exploration\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was 1991, Bob Vrijenhoek and another ocean researcher, Richard Lutz, were leading an expedition off the coast of Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the last dive of the trip, and the stakes were high. In order to justify the steep expense of an Alvin expedition – some $30,000 a day -- they needed more samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39947\" title=\"AlvinHistory3\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/AlvinHistory3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/AlvinHistory3.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/AlvinHistory3-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Graphic by C.K. Hickey; photo by \u003ca href=\"http://www.whoi.edu/\">Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cindy Van Dover, herself an ocean scientist who today leads Duke University’s Marine Laboratory, was Alvin's pilot that day. “We were looking for what we call seeps on the sea floor, places where we have these really dense populations of invertebrates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the search for clams, Alvin had been steadily skimming up mud from the ocean surface, 500 pounds of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists decided to head to a different spot. But when Van Dover pulled the thrusters to leave the floor, nothing happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\"We are not moving.\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one knew what was wrong. Alvin’s portholes face outward, not down, so there was no way of seeing all the mud on the bottom of the vessel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39942\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/alvin_atlantis5_C_640-400x225.jpg\" alt=\"The WHOI-operated research vessel Atlantis serves as support vessel for Alvin operations. During each recovery, two certified swimmers help bring the submersible back to the ship. Photo by Amy Nevala, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.\" width=\"400\" height=\"225\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-39942\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/alvin_atlantis5_C_640-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/alvin_atlantis5_C_640.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The WHOI-operated research vessel Atlantis serves as support vessel for Alvin operations. During each recovery, two certified swimmers help bring the submersible back to the ship. Photo by Amy Nevala, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Recalls Vrijenhoek, todaya senior scientist at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. “they had no idea whether the sub was stuck in an old fisherman’s drift net, whether it was hung up on a cable? Or maybe a giant squid?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Van Dover radioed up to the ship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, here’s the situation,” she recalls saying, “I’m on the sea floor, I can’t get up off the bottom. I’ve tried the thrusters, I’ve dumped ballast water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If all else failed, Van Dover and the others knew they had one last option. Alvin’s titanium sphere, which holds the passengers and life-support systems, is attached to the rest of the sub with a single screw. With the turn of a key, Van Dover could unbolt the screw, releasing the sphere – “like a ping pong ball,” as Vrijenhoek says – to float up to the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one had ever done this before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In consultation with the technicians on the ship above, Van Dover began dumping steel weights. Over the course of about an hour, 600 pounds of weights fell to the ocean floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alvin started to lift, dragging 500 pounds of useless mud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39956\" title=\"AlvinUpgrades2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/AlvinUpgrades2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/AlvinUpgrades2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/AlvinUpgrades2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Graphic by C.K. Hickey; illustration by \u003ca href=\"http://www.whoi.edu/\">Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The romance of being there\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Van Dover says she always knew they’d be ok. But this is one of those old science yarns that gets repeated over and over. It seems to sum up the adventure and the risk that deep ocean science is all about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Of course, you’re cold and shivering and you haven’t gone to the bathroom in eight hours,” says Vrijenhoek, “but the experience is incredible. You’re sitting there with two miles of water above your head. It’s dangerous, romantic, it’s an adventure, it’s exciting. And I think the lure of it is what drew many of us into this and kept us there for years. It’s just an exciting thing to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this experience is increasingly rare. It’s a lot like what’s happened in space exploration: fewer astronauts, more machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty years ago, Alvin was one of a small fleet of subs available to scientists. Several have been retired or sold. Two others, owned by the University of Hawaii, are \u003ca href=\"http://www.staradvertiser.com/s?action=login&f=y&id=149463615&id=149463615\">being threatened \u003c/a>by budget cuts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increasingly, robots, not people, are exploring ocean depths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39949\" title=\"New_Sphere_Interior\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/New_Sphere_Interior.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/New_Sphere_Interior.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/New_Sphere_Interior-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Graphic by C.K. Hickey; illustration by \u003ca href=\"http://www.whoi.edu/\">Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Meet the robots\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a warehouse in Alameda, California, Meghan Donohue, a technician for Scripps Institution of Oceanography, in San Diego, shows off a brand new remote operated vehicle, or ROV. It’s a robot, a little bigger than a refrigerator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 12-hour dive with the new ROV costs about a tenth of Alvin’s price. That’s because scientists don’t go underwater. They stay up above the waves in a converted 30-foot shipping container that can be lifted with a forklift onto the ship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39946\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/vent_new1_620.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/vent_new1_620-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"vent_new1_620\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-39946\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">MBARI's Ventana ROV has six zoom cameras and can reach depths of over a mile. (Image courtesy of MBARI.)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Inside the container, two office chairs face a wall of computer monitors. Joysticks control the robots movements, as well as a mechanical arm that can be used to pick up samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a calm day, you might forget you’re on a boat. It feels like the windowless office of a used car lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is the thrill gone?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, to a lot of people, this might sound like a bit of a let down. Instead of looking through a porthole, you’re looking at it through computer monitor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to Bruce Appelgate, a researcher at Scripps and head of its ship program, it’s obvious: ROVs are just better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can return much more data, better observations, give more people opportunities than you can with a submersible. It’s really a no brainer,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nFaster, Cheaper, Safer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ROV work is vastly less expensive than booking a trip on Alvin. Because ROVs are tethered to the ship, they're less reliant on battery power, and can stay down for 12-hour stretches, or longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At MBARI, in Moss Landing, California, two large-scale scientific ROVs have been exploring ocean depths and making discoveries for years. One of them, the ROV Ventana, has completed more dives than any ROV in the world: 3,600 dives since its purchase in 1989. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists, both at MBARI and other research centers, cite the benefit of collaboration that ROV work allows. Freed from the space limitations of a tiny submersible, an ROV research team might include half a dozen scientists -- for example, a biologist, geologist and chemist, all looking at the same site through the ROVs monitors. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And an ROV’s high-definition cameras allow for better observations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39944\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/controlroom_reynoldssherlockvonthun1_620.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/controlroom_reynoldssherlockvonthun1_620-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"controlroom_reynoldssherlockvonthun1_620\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-39944\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inside an ROV control room. (Photo courtesy of MBARI.)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“On the Alvin, you're limited to just a few degrees out of a small porthole,” says Appelgate. “Compare that with an HD video broadcast that you can pan and zoom. It's night and day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what about the romance?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I get wistful thinking about the days when I used to sniff mimeographs in third grade,” he says, laughing. “Well we don't use that technology anymore, either.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course science is more than technology. It has to be inspiring. Kids need to get excited about exploration, so that they’ll grow up and do more science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"Just look at James Cameron.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cindy Van Dover wonders if robots can really have that effect. Look, she says, at filmmaker James Cameron, who made a \u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/03/120325-james-cameron-mariana-trench-challenger-deepest-returns-science-sub/\">much-publicized dive\u003c/a> to the deepest part of the ocean back in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40040\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/osedax_scale.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/osedax_scale-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Osedax roseus on whale bone - 1018-m whalefall\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-40040\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bob Vrijenhoek and his team used MBARI's ROV \"Tiburon\" to discover the osedax worm, which thrive on the bones of whale carcasses on the ocean floor. Each female worm contains 30-100 microscopic male worms.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After all, she says, robots had already made that dive. Outside of the scientific community, few people noticed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why was everyone so excited about Cameron being the third person to get to the bottom of the Challenger Deep? It’s that he was there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another concern is funding. Without popular excitement, it’s harder for scientists to get grants for their work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Humans are meant to adventure and explore,\" says Vrijenhoek, \"and if we just do this with machines, well, that's fine, science progresses well and happily. But once you put human beings in the picture, then the popular opinion and popular support for it changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists do still have Alvin. In fact, in December, the sub returns from a two-year upgrade. Built in 1964 to withstand depths of eight thousand feet, the new and improved Alvin will soon be able to sink 21 thousand feet – that’s four miles beneath the ocean surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the future, robots may be making most of the dives. But a lucky few scientists will go deeper than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Ocean technology has come a long ways since the submersible Alvin made its first dive in 1964. Increasingly, scientists rely on robots, rather than manned subs like Alvin, to explore the earth's depths. But can remote-control exploration capture the thrill of science? ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450492886,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":55,"wordCount":1545},"headData":{"title":"From Alvin to Robots: Deep Changes in Ocean Science | KQED","description":"Ocean technology has come a long ways since the submersible Alvin made its first dive in 1964. Increasingly, scientists rely on robots, rather than manned subs like Alvin, to explore the earth's depths. But can remote-control exploration capture the thrill of science? ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"From Alvin to Robots: Deep Changes in Ocean Science","datePublished":"2012-06-22T15:08:04.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-19T02:41:26.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"39936 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=39936","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/22/from-alvin-to-robots-changes-in-ocean-science/","disqusTitle":"From Alvin to Robots: Deep Changes in Ocean Science","source":"Engineering","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/Engineering/","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/06/2012-06-25-quest.mp3","path":"/quest/39936/from-alvin-to-robots-changes-in-ocean-science","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Later this year, an iconic instrument of science returns to the sea: Alvin, the submersible that captured the first images of the Titanic wreck and discovered countless new species in exotic places like hydrothermal vents at the bottom of the ocean floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ocean technology has come a long way since Alvin made its first dive in 1964. Increasingly, scientists rely on robots, rather than manned submarines such as Alvin, to explore the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when humans no longer put themselves at risk in the ocean depths, do we lose the thrill of exploration?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The thrill, and the danger, of ocean exploration\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was 1991, Bob Vrijenhoek and another ocean researcher, Richard Lutz, were leading an expedition off the coast of Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the last dive of the trip, and the stakes were high. In order to justify the steep expense of an Alvin expedition – some $30,000 a day -- they needed more samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39947\" title=\"AlvinHistory3\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/AlvinHistory3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/AlvinHistory3.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/AlvinHistory3-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Graphic by C.K. Hickey; photo by \u003ca href=\"http://www.whoi.edu/\">Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cindy Van Dover, herself an ocean scientist who today leads Duke University’s Marine Laboratory, was Alvin's pilot that day. “We were looking for what we call seeps on the sea floor, places where we have these really dense populations of invertebrates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the search for clams, Alvin had been steadily skimming up mud from the ocean surface, 500 pounds of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists decided to head to a different spot. But when Van Dover pulled the thrusters to leave the floor, nothing happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\"We are not moving.\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one knew what was wrong. Alvin’s portholes face outward, not down, so there was no way of seeing all the mud on the bottom of the vessel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39942\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/alvin_atlantis5_C_640-400x225.jpg\" alt=\"The WHOI-operated research vessel Atlantis serves as support vessel for Alvin operations. During each recovery, two certified swimmers help bring the submersible back to the ship. Photo by Amy Nevala, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.\" width=\"400\" height=\"225\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-39942\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/alvin_atlantis5_C_640-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/alvin_atlantis5_C_640.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The WHOI-operated research vessel Atlantis serves as support vessel for Alvin operations. During each recovery, two certified swimmers help bring the submersible back to the ship. Photo by Amy Nevala, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Recalls Vrijenhoek, todaya senior scientist at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. “they had no idea whether the sub was stuck in an old fisherman’s drift net, whether it was hung up on a cable? Or maybe a giant squid?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Van Dover radioed up to the ship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, here’s the situation,” she recalls saying, “I’m on the sea floor, I can’t get up off the bottom. I’ve tried the thrusters, I’ve dumped ballast water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If all else failed, Van Dover and the others knew they had one last option. Alvin’s titanium sphere, which holds the passengers and life-support systems, is attached to the rest of the sub with a single screw. With the turn of a key, Van Dover could unbolt the screw, releasing the sphere – “like a ping pong ball,” as Vrijenhoek says – to float up to the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one had ever done this before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In consultation with the technicians on the ship above, Van Dover began dumping steel weights. Over the course of about an hour, 600 pounds of weights fell to the ocean floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alvin started to lift, dragging 500 pounds of useless mud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39956\" title=\"AlvinUpgrades2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/AlvinUpgrades2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/AlvinUpgrades2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/AlvinUpgrades2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Graphic by C.K. Hickey; illustration by \u003ca href=\"http://www.whoi.edu/\">Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The romance of being there\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Van Dover says she always knew they’d be ok. But this is one of those old science yarns that gets repeated over and over. It seems to sum up the adventure and the risk that deep ocean science is all about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Of course, you’re cold and shivering and you haven’t gone to the bathroom in eight hours,” says Vrijenhoek, “but the experience is incredible. You’re sitting there with two miles of water above your head. It’s dangerous, romantic, it’s an adventure, it’s exciting. And I think the lure of it is what drew many of us into this and kept us there for years. It’s just an exciting thing to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this experience is increasingly rare. It’s a lot like what’s happened in space exploration: fewer astronauts, more machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty years ago, Alvin was one of a small fleet of subs available to scientists. Several have been retired or sold. Two others, owned by the University of Hawaii, are \u003ca href=\"http://www.staradvertiser.com/s?action=login&f=y&id=149463615&id=149463615\">being threatened \u003c/a>by budget cuts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increasingly, robots, not people, are exploring ocean depths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39949\" title=\"New_Sphere_Interior\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/New_Sphere_Interior.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/New_Sphere_Interior.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/New_Sphere_Interior-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Graphic by C.K. Hickey; illustration by \u003ca href=\"http://www.whoi.edu/\">Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Meet the robots\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a warehouse in Alameda, California, Meghan Donohue, a technician for Scripps Institution of Oceanography, in San Diego, shows off a brand new remote operated vehicle, or ROV. It’s a robot, a little bigger than a refrigerator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 12-hour dive with the new ROV costs about a tenth of Alvin’s price. That’s because scientists don’t go underwater. They stay up above the waves in a converted 30-foot shipping container that can be lifted with a forklift onto the ship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39946\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/vent_new1_620.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/vent_new1_620-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"vent_new1_620\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-39946\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">MBARI's Ventana ROV has six zoom cameras and can reach depths of over a mile. (Image courtesy of MBARI.)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Inside the container, two office chairs face a wall of computer monitors. Joysticks control the robots movements, as well as a mechanical arm that can be used to pick up samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a calm day, you might forget you’re on a boat. It feels like the windowless office of a used car lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is the thrill gone?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, to a lot of people, this might sound like a bit of a let down. Instead of looking through a porthole, you’re looking at it through computer monitor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to Bruce Appelgate, a researcher at Scripps and head of its ship program, it’s obvious: ROVs are just better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can return much more data, better observations, give more people opportunities than you can with a submersible. It’s really a no brainer,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nFaster, Cheaper, Safer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ROV work is vastly less expensive than booking a trip on Alvin. Because ROVs are tethered to the ship, they're less reliant on battery power, and can stay down for 12-hour stretches, or longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At MBARI, in Moss Landing, California, two large-scale scientific ROVs have been exploring ocean depths and making discoveries for years. One of them, the ROV Ventana, has completed more dives than any ROV in the world: 3,600 dives since its purchase in 1989. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists, both at MBARI and other research centers, cite the benefit of collaboration that ROV work allows. Freed from the space limitations of a tiny submersible, an ROV research team might include half a dozen scientists -- for example, a biologist, geologist and chemist, all looking at the same site through the ROVs monitors. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And an ROV’s high-definition cameras allow for better observations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39944\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/controlroom_reynoldssherlockvonthun1_620.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/controlroom_reynoldssherlockvonthun1_620-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"controlroom_reynoldssherlockvonthun1_620\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-39944\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inside an ROV control room. (Photo courtesy of MBARI.)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“On the Alvin, you're limited to just a few degrees out of a small porthole,” says Appelgate. “Compare that with an HD video broadcast that you can pan and zoom. It's night and day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what about the romance?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I get wistful thinking about the days when I used to sniff mimeographs in third grade,” he says, laughing. “Well we don't use that technology anymore, either.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course science is more than technology. It has to be inspiring. Kids need to get excited about exploration, so that they’ll grow up and do more science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"Just look at James Cameron.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cindy Van Dover wonders if robots can really have that effect. Look, she says, at filmmaker James Cameron, who made a \u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/03/120325-james-cameron-mariana-trench-challenger-deepest-returns-science-sub/\">much-publicized dive\u003c/a> to the deepest part of the ocean back in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40040\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/osedax_scale.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/osedax_scale-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Osedax roseus on whale bone - 1018-m whalefall\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-40040\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bob Vrijenhoek and his team used MBARI's ROV \"Tiburon\" to discover the osedax worm, which thrive on the bones of whale carcasses on the ocean floor. Each female worm contains 30-100 microscopic male worms.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After all, she says, robots had already made that dive. Outside of the scientific community, few people noticed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why was everyone so excited about Cameron being the third person to get to the bottom of the Challenger Deep? It’s that he was there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another concern is funding. Without popular excitement, it’s harder for scientists to get grants for their work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Humans are meant to adventure and explore,\" says Vrijenhoek, \"and if we just do this with machines, well, that's fine, science progresses well and happily. But once you put human beings in the picture, then the popular opinion and popular support for it changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists do still have Alvin. In fact, in December, the sub returns from a two-year upgrade. Built in 1964 to withstand depths of eight thousand feet, the new and improved Alvin will soon be able to sink 21 thousand feet – that’s four miles beneath the ocean surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the future, robots may be making most of the dives. But a lucky few scientists will go deeper than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/39936/from-alvin-to-robots-changes-in-ocean-science","authors":["210"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_8","quest_17"],"tags":["quest_11229","quest_11231","quest_252","quest_11233","quest_1773","quest_3316","quest_13203","quest_2045","quest_13","quest_2456","quest_11232","quest_11230"],"featImg":"quest_39941","label":"source_quest_39936"},"quest_37167":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_37167","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"37167","score":null,"sort":[1336500611000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"exploring-corals-of-the-deep","title":"Exploring Corals of the Deep","publishDate":1336500611,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>It's hard to fathom that off our central California coast, just 80 miles southwest of Monterey, is a massive underwater mountain which blooms with deep sea coral life, including some corals which were new to science before they were discovered by researchers at the \u003ca href=\"http://montereybay.noaa.gov/\">Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbari.org/\">Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37177\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2002_CMonticola_newspecies_2486_DSCN3687.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37177\" title=\"NOAA_MBARI_2002_CMonticola_newspecies_2486_DSCN3687\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2002_CMonticola_newspecies_2486_DSCN3687-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A new species of coral, Chrysogorgia monticola, discovered more than a mile and a half deep at the Davidson Seamount. Courtesy NOAA / MBARI 2002.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This underwater mountain is the \u003ca href=\"http://montereybay.noaa.gov/research/dsmz/welcome.html\">Davidson Seamount\u003c/a>, an impressive geological structure which like the roughly 30,000 seamounts throughout the world, was generated by underwater volcanic activity. In 1933, it became the first geographic feature called a \"seamount\" and it is named after George Davidson, an astronomer and geographer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what makes the Davidson Seamount so special?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Andrew DeVogelaere, Research Coordinator for the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary told me during our filming for this QUEST story, \"It’s special because of its shape. Most sea mounts are circular...This one is oblong, because as it developed over millions of years, it was on a spreading center.Think of Hawaii underneath the water...that juts up from the sea floor mud thousands of feet.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37178\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_DeVogelaere_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0011.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37178\" title=\"603_Corals_resized_DeVogelaere_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0011\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_DeVogelaere_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0011-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary Research Coordinator Andrew DeVogelaere during a break from the filming of his interview. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / QUEST.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The other reason why this seamount is so special is its reputation as an oasis of deep sea coral life. Approximately 30 species of deep sea corals have been found at the Davidson Seamount. While it may seem odd that any animal could survive let alone thrive in this dark, frigid environment, the deep sea corals opportunistically position themselves on the steep sides of the Davidson Seamount to catch nutrients and plankton rushing up from deep sea currents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But venturing to this seamount is no easy feat; in fact, the top of the Davidson Seamount is still 4,000 feet below the surface of the water! Undeterred and with the high-tech submersible tools at their disposal, DeVogelaere and fellow marine biologist Jim Barry of MBARI launched a research trip in 2006 to the 26 mile-long Davidson Seamount to explore the rich biodiversity teeming in its dark, watery depths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trip was a follow-up to a 2002 research expedition funded by NOAA, also under the direction of Andrew DeVogelaere at the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. The impetus of that trip was to catalogue, through the use of a Remotely Operated Vehicle mounted with sophisticated cameras, the abundance and diversity of deep sea corals and other striking animals such as anemones and fish observed along the sides and valleys of this volcanic, rocky formation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37179\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2006_1313_bubblegum_DSCN71851.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37179\" title=\"NOAA_MBARI_2006_1313_bubblegum_DSCN7185\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2006_1313_bubblegum_DSCN71851-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bubble gum coral spotted more than 4,300 feet deep at the Davidson Seamount. Courtesy NOAA / MBARI 2006.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2006, the team returned to the seamount and once more recorded hours upon hours of breathtaking HD footage. The scientists were also trying to develop a model that would help them predict where other corals might be in the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, which the Davidson Seamount was incorporated into in 2009. Some deep sea corals were also transplanted from a less acidic region at the top of the seamount to a more acidic region farther below to assess how these transplanted corals would fare in the face of increasing ocean acidification. Not only did the scientists find evidence of ocean acidification at 12,000 feet, they also found evidence of the toxic pesticide DDT and trash, including a Coca-Cola bottle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a personal level, this was an aspect of the story which indelibly affected me - how is it that creatures like corals, which can live thousands of years, survive in an inhospitable environment thousands of feet beneath the surface of the ocean?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37180\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2002_blackcoral_2467_DSCN3430.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37180\" title=\"NOAA_MBARI_2002_blackcoral_2467_DSCN3430\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2002_blackcoral_2467_DSCN3430-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A black coral clinging to the side of the Davidson seamount. A species of black coral was discovered off the coast of Hawaii and dated to 4,600 years old! Courtesy NOAA / MBARI 2002.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sadly, these seemingly fragile but resilient, ancient organisms are experiencing stresses, such as ocean acidification, to their ancient marine habitats which may far outstrip their ability to adapt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Barry is studying the effects of ocean acidification on deep sea organisms like urchins and, as he told me, he plans to bring into his lab precious corals (so named for their value as jewelry) to see how they contend with increasing levels of acidity. \"The California coast could be considered the front line for ocean acidification damage, within 50 years, and certainly by the end of the century...As ocean acidification due to our C02 emissions intensifies along this coast, those corals are gonna have a hard time,\" Barry said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37181\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_Barry_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0004.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37181\" title=\"603_Corals_resized_Barry_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0004\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_Barry_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0004-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">MBARI Staff Scientist in his lab at Moss Landing, looking at a tank containing urchins. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / QUEST.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stephen Palumbi, Director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www-marine.stanford.edu/\">Hopkins Marine Station\u003c/a>, is another amazing, eloquent marine biologist whom I interviewed for this story. He specializes in tropical corals which are also vulnerable to the effects of ocean acidification. His research in American Samoa focuses on \"super corals\" - species of corals which thrive in waters that would be too warm for most other corals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palumbi similarly struck a somber note in regards to ocean acidification, trawling and other pressures facing corals, be they in the cold, deep ocean or in the warm, shallow waters of the tropics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37182\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_Palumbi_SS_1-31-12DSC_0005.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37182\" title=\"603_Corals_resized_Palumbi_SS_1-31-12DSC_0005\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_Palumbi_SS_1-31-12DSC_0005-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stephen Palumbi, Director of the Hopkins Marine Station in his lab at Pacific Grove. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / QUEST.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"The biggest worry is that we humans are such game-changers. We change the rules wherever we go,\" he said. \"That record of coral success, which has been a quarter of a billion years that corals have been successful on our planet, ...is about to come to an end because of the way we are so incredibly changing the oceans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, it's a race against time. DeVogelaere told me that we know less about the deep ocean than the surface of the moon. With tens of thousands of seamounts around the world, perhaps now is the time to descend high-tech ROVs thousands of feet into the cold, watery abyss and illuminate the stunning, ancient corals of the deep, documenting their diversity and habitat range around the world before they disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the course of my production on this story, I was lucky enough to acquire some very compelling footage of bottom trawling activity. In particular, \u003ca href=\"http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/oceans/\">Greenpeace International \u003c/a> allowed me to use the powerful clip of a large bubblegum coral being thrown overboard, part of the senseless bycatch scooped up in the shipping vessel's trawl net. The size of the coral, which took two men two throw overboard, indicates that it must have been growing for at least hundreds of years in the deep sea. Greenpeace also had video shot in the deep Bering Sea, where parts of the seafloor bore scars from trawling activity. \u003ca href=\"http://oceana.org/en/about-us/what-we-do\">Oceana\u003c/a>, another NGO diligently trying to protect the world's oceans, shared black and white video footage originally shot by NOAA of a trawl net scraping the seafloor and scooping up any and all marine organisms in its indiscriminate, destructive path.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Off California's coastline, thousands of feet below the deep blue ocean where the sun's rays don't reach, teems a diverse community of deep sea corals. Armed with unmanned submarines equipped with robotic arms, sensors and HD cameras, scientists are exploring this treasure trove of corals and the rich marine life living among them.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457565807,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":1208},"headData":{"title":"Exploring Corals of the Deep | KQED","description":"Off California's coastline, thousands of feet below the deep blue ocean where the sun's rays don't reach, teems a diverse community of deep sea corals. Armed with unmanned submarines equipped with robotic arms, sensors and HD cameras, scientists are exploring this treasure trove of corals and the rich marine life living among them.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Exploring Corals of the Deep","datePublished":"2012-05-08T18:10:11.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-09T23:23:27.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"37167 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=videos&p=37167","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/08/exploring-corals-of-the-deep/","disqusTitle":"Exploring Corals of the Deep","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-mtHBHyTg4","path":"/quest/37167/exploring-corals-of-the-deep","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It's hard to fathom that off our central California coast, just 80 miles southwest of Monterey, is a massive underwater mountain which blooms with deep sea coral life, including some corals which were new to science before they were discovered by researchers at the \u003ca href=\"http://montereybay.noaa.gov/\">Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbari.org/\">Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37177\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2002_CMonticola_newspecies_2486_DSCN3687.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37177\" title=\"NOAA_MBARI_2002_CMonticola_newspecies_2486_DSCN3687\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2002_CMonticola_newspecies_2486_DSCN3687-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A new species of coral, Chrysogorgia monticola, discovered more than a mile and a half deep at the Davidson Seamount. Courtesy NOAA / MBARI 2002.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This underwater mountain is the \u003ca href=\"http://montereybay.noaa.gov/research/dsmz/welcome.html\">Davidson Seamount\u003c/a>, an impressive geological structure which like the roughly 30,000 seamounts throughout the world, was generated by underwater volcanic activity. In 1933, it became the first geographic feature called a \"seamount\" and it is named after George Davidson, an astronomer and geographer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what makes the Davidson Seamount so special?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Andrew DeVogelaere, Research Coordinator for the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary told me during our filming for this QUEST story, \"It’s special because of its shape. Most sea mounts are circular...This one is oblong, because as it developed over millions of years, it was on a spreading center.Think of Hawaii underneath the water...that juts up from the sea floor mud thousands of feet.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37178\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_DeVogelaere_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0011.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37178\" title=\"603_Corals_resized_DeVogelaere_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0011\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_DeVogelaere_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0011-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary Research Coordinator Andrew DeVogelaere during a break from the filming of his interview. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / QUEST.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The other reason why this seamount is so special is its reputation as an oasis of deep sea coral life. Approximately 30 species of deep sea corals have been found at the Davidson Seamount. While it may seem odd that any animal could survive let alone thrive in this dark, frigid environment, the deep sea corals opportunistically position themselves on the steep sides of the Davidson Seamount to catch nutrients and plankton rushing up from deep sea currents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But venturing to this seamount is no easy feat; in fact, the top of the Davidson Seamount is still 4,000 feet below the surface of the water! Undeterred and with the high-tech submersible tools at their disposal, DeVogelaere and fellow marine biologist Jim Barry of MBARI launched a research trip in 2006 to the 26 mile-long Davidson Seamount to explore the rich biodiversity teeming in its dark, watery depths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trip was a follow-up to a 2002 research expedition funded by NOAA, also under the direction of Andrew DeVogelaere at the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. The impetus of that trip was to catalogue, through the use of a Remotely Operated Vehicle mounted with sophisticated cameras, the abundance and diversity of deep sea corals and other striking animals such as anemones and fish observed along the sides and valleys of this volcanic, rocky formation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37179\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2006_1313_bubblegum_DSCN71851.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37179\" title=\"NOAA_MBARI_2006_1313_bubblegum_DSCN7185\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2006_1313_bubblegum_DSCN71851-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bubble gum coral spotted more than 4,300 feet deep at the Davidson Seamount. Courtesy NOAA / MBARI 2006.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2006, the team returned to the seamount and once more recorded hours upon hours of breathtaking HD footage. The scientists were also trying to develop a model that would help them predict where other corals might be in the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, which the Davidson Seamount was incorporated into in 2009. Some deep sea corals were also transplanted from a less acidic region at the top of the seamount to a more acidic region farther below to assess how these transplanted corals would fare in the face of increasing ocean acidification. Not only did the scientists find evidence of ocean acidification at 12,000 feet, they also found evidence of the toxic pesticide DDT and trash, including a Coca-Cola bottle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a personal level, this was an aspect of the story which indelibly affected me - how is it that creatures like corals, which can live thousands of years, survive in an inhospitable environment thousands of feet beneath the surface of the ocean?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37180\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2002_blackcoral_2467_DSCN3430.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37180\" title=\"NOAA_MBARI_2002_blackcoral_2467_DSCN3430\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2002_blackcoral_2467_DSCN3430-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A black coral clinging to the side of the Davidson seamount. A species of black coral was discovered off the coast of Hawaii and dated to 4,600 years old! Courtesy NOAA / MBARI 2002.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sadly, these seemingly fragile but resilient, ancient organisms are experiencing stresses, such as ocean acidification, to their ancient marine habitats which may far outstrip their ability to adapt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Barry is studying the effects of ocean acidification on deep sea organisms like urchins and, as he told me, he plans to bring into his lab precious corals (so named for their value as jewelry) to see how they contend with increasing levels of acidity. \"The California coast could be considered the front line for ocean acidification damage, within 50 years, and certainly by the end of the century...As ocean acidification due to our C02 emissions intensifies along this coast, those corals are gonna have a hard time,\" Barry said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37181\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_Barry_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0004.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37181\" title=\"603_Corals_resized_Barry_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0004\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_Barry_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0004-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">MBARI Staff Scientist in his lab at Moss Landing, looking at a tank containing urchins. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / QUEST.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stephen Palumbi, Director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www-marine.stanford.edu/\">Hopkins Marine Station\u003c/a>, is another amazing, eloquent marine biologist whom I interviewed for this story. He specializes in tropical corals which are also vulnerable to the effects of ocean acidification. His research in American Samoa focuses on \"super corals\" - species of corals which thrive in waters that would be too warm for most other corals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palumbi similarly struck a somber note in regards to ocean acidification, trawling and other pressures facing corals, be they in the cold, deep ocean or in the warm, shallow waters of the tropics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37182\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_Palumbi_SS_1-31-12DSC_0005.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37182\" title=\"603_Corals_resized_Palumbi_SS_1-31-12DSC_0005\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_Palumbi_SS_1-31-12DSC_0005-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stephen Palumbi, Director of the Hopkins Marine Station in his lab at Pacific Grove. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / QUEST.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"The biggest worry is that we humans are such game-changers. We change the rules wherever we go,\" he said. \"That record of coral success, which has been a quarter of a billion years that corals have been successful on our planet, ...is about to come to an end because of the way we are so incredibly changing the oceans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, it's a race against time. DeVogelaere told me that we know less about the deep ocean than the surface of the moon. With tens of thousands of seamounts around the world, perhaps now is the time to descend high-tech ROVs thousands of feet into the cold, watery abyss and illuminate the stunning, ancient corals of the deep, documenting their diversity and habitat range around the world before they disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the course of my production on this story, I was lucky enough to acquire some very compelling footage of bottom trawling activity. In particular, \u003ca href=\"http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/oceans/\">Greenpeace International \u003c/a> allowed me to use the powerful clip of a large bubblegum coral being thrown overboard, part of the senseless bycatch scooped up in the shipping vessel's trawl net. The size of the coral, which took two men two throw overboard, indicates that it must have been growing for at least hundreds of years in the deep sea. Greenpeace also had video shot in the deep Bering Sea, where parts of the seafloor bore scars from trawling activity. \u003ca href=\"http://oceana.org/en/about-us/what-we-do\">Oceana\u003c/a>, another NGO diligently trying to protect the world's oceans, shared black and white video footage originally shot by NOAA of a trawl net scraping the seafloor and scooping up any and all marine organisms in its indiscriminate, destructive path.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/37167/exploring-corals-of-the-deep","authors":["6176"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_13178","quest_326","quest_11072","quest_11071","quest_3316","quest_13","quest_2893","quest_3071"],"featImg":"quest_37169","label":"quest"},"quest_17527":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_17527","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"17527","score":null,"sort":[1274841000000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"amazing-jellies","title":"Amazing Jellies","publishDate":1274841000,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>They are otherworldly creatures that glow in the dark, without brains or bones, some more than 100 feet long. And they live just off California's coast. Join two top marine biologists who have devoted their careers to unlocking the mysteries of jellyfish and alien-like siphonophores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn more about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/05/25/producers-notes-amazing-jellies-siphonophores/\" target=\"_blank\">jellyfish and this video\u003c/a> with the Producer's Notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"They are otherworldly creatures that glow in the dark, without brains or bones, some more than 100 feet long. And they live just off California's coast. Join two top marine biologists who have devoted their careers to unlocking the mysteries of jellyfish and alien-like siphonophores.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457712250,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":61},"headData":{"title":"Amazing Jellies | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Amazing Jellies","datePublished":"2010-05-26T02:30:00.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-11T16:04:10.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"17527 http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/amazing-jellies/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/05/25/amazing-jellies/","disqusTitle":"Amazing Jellies","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pimIbTqJLZc&w=640&h=360","path":"/quest/17527/amazing-jellies","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>They are otherworldly creatures that glow in the dark, without brains or bones, some more than 100 feet long. And they live just off California's coast. Join two top marine biologists who have devoted their careers to unlocking the mysteries of jellyfish and alien-like siphonophores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn more about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/05/25/producers-notes-amazing-jellies-siphonophores/\" target=\"_blank\">jellyfish and this video\u003c/a> with the Producer's Notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/17527/amazing-jellies","authors":["6186","10206"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_13178","quest_1530","quest_3351","quest_1866","quest_3316","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_13","quest_2893"],"featImg":"quest_74223","label":"quest"},"quest_17462":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_17462","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"17462","score":null,"sort":[1237326900000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"zeppelins-resurrected","title":"Zeppelins Resurrected","publishDate":1237326900,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>In 1935, the USS Macon went down in 1000 feet of water off the coast of Monterey, California. Now, as scientists study the recently-discovered wreckage, dirigibles are returning to the Bay Area. But these aren't the same dirigibles - these are new and improved. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Learn more about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/03/19/producers-notes-zeppelins-resurrected-2/\" target=\"_blank\">zeppelins and this video\u003c/a> with the Producer's Notes.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In 1935, the USS Macon went down in 1000 feet of water off the coast of Monterey, California. Now, as scientists study the recently-discovered wreckage, dirigibles are returning to the Bay Area. But these aren't the same dirigibles - these are new and improved. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457806819,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":59},"headData":{"title":"Zeppelins Resurrected | KQED","description":"In 1935, the USS Macon went down in 1000 feet of water off the coast of Monterey, California. Now, as scientists study the recently-discovered wreckage, dirigibles are returning to the Bay Area. But these aren't the same dirigibles - these are new and improved. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Zeppelins Resurrected","datePublished":"2009-03-17T21:55:00.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-12T18:20:19.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"17462 http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/zeppelins-resurrected/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/03/17/zeppelins-resurrected/","disqusTitle":"Zeppelins Resurrected","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A5QukRkHi4A","path":"/quest/17462/zeppelins-resurrected","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In 1935, the USS Macon went down in 1000 feet of water off the coast of Monterey, California. Now, as scientists study the recently-discovered wreckage, dirigibles are returning to the Bay Area. But these aren't the same dirigibles - these are new and improved. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Learn more about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/03/19/producers-notes-zeppelins-resurrected-2/\" target=\"_blank\">zeppelins and this video\u003c/a> with the Producer's Notes.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/17462/zeppelins-resurrected","authors":["10169","10193"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_16","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_10763","quest_3351","quest_10765","quest_3316","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_13","quest_2893","quest_10764","quest_3214"],"featImg":"quest_22690","label":"quest"},"quest_17449":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_17449","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"17449","score":null,"sort":[1224527220000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"underwater-wilderness-creating-marine-protected-areas","title":"Underwater Wilderness: Creating Marine Protected Areas","publishDate":1224527220,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":13211,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>The waters off the coast of California are some of the richest in the world. 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