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Some species grow over two meters long and weigh hundreds of kilograms. Unfortunately for groupers, they are also delicious fish. Since prehistoric times, humans have been devouring all kinds of grouper species all over the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such long-term fishing pressure tends to reduce fish size, as well as reducing the number of fish in the sea. Certain species, like the dusky grouper in the Mediterranean, have been fished for so long that we don't even know what a pristine population would look like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately for groupers and for the scientists studying them, these fish are aesthetically appealing as well as huge and tasty. Dusky groupers can be recognized in Etruscan, Greek, and Roman artwork dating back thousands of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.dolphinbiology.org/people/paolo_guidetti.htm\" title=\"Paolo Guidetti\">Paolo Guidetti\u003c/a> of the University of Salento in Italy and \u003ca href=\"http://micheli.stanford.edu/micheli.html\" title=\"Fio Micheli\">Fiorenza Micheli\u003c/a> of Stanford's Hopkins Marine Station studied this ancient art for biological clues. Frequent depictions of enormous fish in shallow water, including one swallowing a person, \u003ca href=\"http://www.deepdyve.com/lp/ecological-society-of-america/ancient-art-serving-marine-conservation-BeIt72ailX\" title=\"Ancient Art Serving Marine Conservation\">led them to conclude\u003c/a> that today's small, deep-water dusky groupers are not the species' natural state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36677\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 368px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/01/can-ancient-fish-art-inform-modern-fish-science/800px-atlanticgoliathgrouper/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-36677\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/800px-AtlanticGoliathGrouper-368x253.jpg\" alt=\"goliath grouper\" title=\"800px-AtlanticGoliathGrouper\" width=\"368\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-36677\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This is a goliath grouper; dusky groupers may have been this big a couple thousand years ago. Photo: National Park Service.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Of course, as the authors point out, \"there are no known instances of dusky groupers attacking human swimmers.\" Could the size of the fish have been similarly fabricated? \u003ca href=\"http://ento.psu.edu/directory/stb13\" title=\"Simon Blanford\">Simon Blanford\u003c/a> of Penn State University and \u003ca href=\"http://www.denison.edu/academics/departments/biology/stoehr_andrew.html\" title=\"Andrew Stoehr\">Andrew Stoehr\u003c/a> of Denison University \u003ca href=\"http://www.deepdyve.com/lp/ecological-society-of-america/artistic-license-exploited-by-fishermen-vjx5gc0biq\" title=\"Artistic License Exploited by Fishermen?\">took up this question\u003c/a> with humorous gusto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Like Giudetti and Micheli, we too are biologists; however, the two of us additionally participate in a seamier pastime whose nature often involves--how can we put this?--a certain economy with the truth. We are fishermen.\" Having thus coyly introduced themselves, they express their concerns with the source material. \"One can easily imagine a Roman painter, suffering from a bit of artist's block as he sits behind the virginal surface of a new amphora, slipping away from his garrett in the Bohemian district of Neapolis to do a bit of on-the-spot research . . . should the docks be barren, he would have been told he should have been there yesterday, when the quayside was so full of large fish they had to walk over them just to get about.\" They go on to cite \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xe1a1wHxTyo\" title=\"Monty Python - Four Yorkshiremen\">Monty Python\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Men_in_a_Boat\" title=\"Three Men In A Boat\">Three Men In a Boat\u003c/a>--it's far more amusing than I usually expect from a peer-reviewed journal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Micheli and Guidetti currently have the \u003ca href=\"http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/12.WB.010\" title=\"From arts to marine conservation\">last word\u003c/a>, having published a response in the most recent \u003cdel datetime=\"2012-05-01T20:25:34+00:00\">episode\u003c/del> issue of the \u003cdel datetime=\"2012-05-01T20:25:34+00:00\">reality show\u003c/del> journal \u003cem>Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment\u003c/em>. They point out that historical records and archaeology agree with the artistic evidence that dusky groupers were once larger and shallower. And while ancient art depicts many different kinds of fish, \"when Roman artists wanted to represent a big fish (including a 'sea monster'), they frequently selected groupers as the subject.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may be the end of the matter, but if not, I certainly look forward to the next installment.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Groupers are enormous fish. Some species grow over two meters long and weigh hundreds of kilograms. Fortunately for groupers and for the scientists studying them, these fish are aesthetically appealing as well as huge and tasty.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1335974319,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":521},"headData":{"title":"Can Ancient Fish Art Inform Modern Fish Science? | KQED","description":"Groupers are enormous fish. Some species grow over two meters long and weigh hundreds of kilograms. Fortunately for groupers and for the scientists studying them, these fish are aesthetically appealing as well as huge and tasty.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Can Ancient Fish Art Inform Modern Fish Science?","datePublished":"2012-05-01T22:03:00.000Z","dateModified":"2012-05-02T15:58:39.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"36659 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=36659","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/01/can-ancient-fish-art-inform-modern-fish-science/","disqusTitle":"Can Ancient Fish Art Inform Modern Fish Science?","path":"/quest/36659/can-ancient-fish-art-inform-modern-fish-science","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36676\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/01/can-ancient-fish-art-inform-modern-fish-science/grouper_mosaic/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-36676\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/grouper_mosaic.jpg\" alt=\"Dusky grouper swallowing a person in a Roman mosaic; Bardo Museum, Tunisia\" title=\"grouper_mosaic\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-36676\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/grouper_mosaic.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/grouper_mosaic-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dusky grouper swallowing a person in a Roman mosaic; Bardo Museum, Tunisia\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Groupers are enormous fish. Some species grow over two meters long and weigh hundreds of kilograms. Unfortunately for groupers, they are also delicious fish. Since prehistoric times, humans have been devouring all kinds of grouper species all over the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such long-term fishing pressure tends to reduce fish size, as well as reducing the number of fish in the sea. Certain species, like the dusky grouper in the Mediterranean, have been fished for so long that we don't even know what a pristine population would look like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately for groupers and for the scientists studying them, these fish are aesthetically appealing as well as huge and tasty. Dusky groupers can be recognized in Etruscan, Greek, and Roman artwork dating back thousands of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.dolphinbiology.org/people/paolo_guidetti.htm\" title=\"Paolo Guidetti\">Paolo Guidetti\u003c/a> of the University of Salento in Italy and \u003ca href=\"http://micheli.stanford.edu/micheli.html\" title=\"Fio Micheli\">Fiorenza Micheli\u003c/a> of Stanford's Hopkins Marine Station studied this ancient art for biological clues. Frequent depictions of enormous fish in shallow water, including one swallowing a person, \u003ca href=\"http://www.deepdyve.com/lp/ecological-society-of-america/ancient-art-serving-marine-conservation-BeIt72ailX\" title=\"Ancient Art Serving Marine Conservation\">led them to conclude\u003c/a> that today's small, deep-water dusky groupers are not the species' natural state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36677\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 368px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/01/can-ancient-fish-art-inform-modern-fish-science/800px-atlanticgoliathgrouper/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-36677\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/800px-AtlanticGoliathGrouper-368x253.jpg\" alt=\"goliath grouper\" title=\"800px-AtlanticGoliathGrouper\" width=\"368\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-36677\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This is a goliath grouper; dusky groupers may have been this big a couple thousand years ago. Photo: National Park Service.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Of course, as the authors point out, \"there are no known instances of dusky groupers attacking human swimmers.\" Could the size of the fish have been similarly fabricated? \u003ca href=\"http://ento.psu.edu/directory/stb13\" title=\"Simon Blanford\">Simon Blanford\u003c/a> of Penn State University and \u003ca href=\"http://www.denison.edu/academics/departments/biology/stoehr_andrew.html\" title=\"Andrew Stoehr\">Andrew Stoehr\u003c/a> of Denison University \u003ca href=\"http://www.deepdyve.com/lp/ecological-society-of-america/artistic-license-exploited-by-fishermen-vjx5gc0biq\" title=\"Artistic License Exploited by Fishermen?\">took up this question\u003c/a> with humorous gusto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Like Giudetti and Micheli, we too are biologists; however, the two of us additionally participate in a seamier pastime whose nature often involves--how can we put this?--a certain economy with the truth. We are fishermen.\" Having thus coyly introduced themselves, they express their concerns with the source material. \"One can easily imagine a Roman painter, suffering from a bit of artist's block as he sits behind the virginal surface of a new amphora, slipping away from his garrett in the Bohemian district of Neapolis to do a bit of on-the-spot research . . . should the docks be barren, he would have been told he should have been there yesterday, when the quayside was so full of large fish they had to walk over them just to get about.\" They go on to cite \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xe1a1wHxTyo\" title=\"Monty Python - Four Yorkshiremen\">Monty Python\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Men_in_a_Boat\" title=\"Three Men In A Boat\">Three Men In a Boat\u003c/a>--it's far more amusing than I usually expect from a peer-reviewed journal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Micheli and Guidetti currently have the \u003ca href=\"http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/12.WB.010\" title=\"From arts to marine conservation\">last word\u003c/a>, having published a response in the most recent \u003cdel datetime=\"2012-05-01T20:25:34+00:00\">episode\u003c/del> issue of the \u003cdel datetime=\"2012-05-01T20:25:34+00:00\">reality show\u003c/del> journal \u003cem>Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment\u003c/em>. They point out that historical records and archaeology agree with the artistic evidence that dusky groupers were once larger and shallower. And while ancient art depicts many different kinds of fish, \"when Roman artists wanted to represent a big fish (including a 'sea monster'), they frequently selected groupers as the subject.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may be the end of the matter, but if not, I certainly look forward to the next installment.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/36659/can-ancient-fish-art-inform-modern-fish-science","authors":["6324"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_11053","quest_1103","quest_11052","quest_3351","quest_3650","quest_11051","quest_2349","quest_13202","quest_11050"],"featImg":"quest_36676","label":"quest"},"quest_19242":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_19242","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"19242","score":null,"sort":[1307985323000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californias-climate-cousins","title":"California's Climate Cousins","publishDate":1307985323,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/ClimateCousinLg.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>Scrubby vegetation and vineyards: it may look like California, but it’s not. Photo: Jennifer Skene.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I just got back from a month-long rock climbing trip near Barcelona, Spain—and though I’d never been there before, the vegetation looked a bit familiar. Hiking around, my skin was constantly scratched by the stiff, sharp leaves of shrubby plants—similar to California’s chaparral. Lizards I almost recognized darted across dry patches of dirt. The weather was similar to California’s, too—being summer, it was hot and dry. This was no coincidence. Spain, in the Mediterranean Basin, is California’s climate cousin.\u003c!--more--> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On every continent except Antarctica, the west coasts share a similar climate, called the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_climate\">Mediterranean climate\u003c/a>. It is characterized by warm to hot summers with basically no rainfall, and winters that are short, mild, and wet. A world \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Medclim.png\">map\u003c/a> of Mediterranean climate regions shows that in addition to the Mediterranean Basin and the coast of California, the west coast of South America from Peru to Chile, the northwest part of Africa, parts of western and southern Australia, and parts of South Africa all share the Mediterranean climate. The sweet spot is at about 35 degrees latitude, both north and south. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate is a product of ocean currents and the up-and-down movement of air above Earth’s surface. In the northern hemisphere ocean currents swirl clockwise, and in the southern hemisphere ocean currents swirl counter-clockwise, thanks to Earth’s rotation and the resultant \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_36MiCUS1ro\">Coriolis Effect\u003c/a>. The direction of the currents means that water flowing along the west coast of all continents is cold, having recently come from the poles. Air follows the ocean currents, binging storms and precipitation in winter. In summer, the effect of the up-and-down movement of air in the atmosphere kicks in and influences climate. In summer, dry air sinks along the latitude band of about 30 degrees to 35 degrees. The dry sinking air prevents storms from moving in, and is largely responsible for Mediterranean regions’ summer droughts. Sinking and rising of air on Earth’s surface is due to the Sun’s uneven heating of Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those scratchy shrubs that plagued me throughout my vacation are the signature flora of Mediterranean climates. Drought-tolerant evergreen shrubs exist in every Mediterranean region. In fact, the word to describe California’s scrappy shrubs, chaparral, has \u003ca href=\"http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/chaparral\">Spanish origins\u003c/a>—chaparro (initially txapar in Basque) means dwarf evergreen oak. We now use the word chaparral to refer to the whole habitat type, not just the shrubs themselves. Elsewhere, this habitat type goes by other names. In the Mediterranean region, it is called \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maquis_shrubland\">maquis\u003c/a>; in South Africa, it is the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fynbos\">fynbos\u003c/a>; and in Australia, it’s called \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwongan\">kwongan\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These shrubs are not phased by the fact that Mediterranean summers are bone dry. They have evolved plenty of adaptations to drought: small, light-colored leaves that reflect sunlight, rather than absorb it; leaves that often point towards the sky, to minimize the amount of sunlight (and heat) they absorb; and the ability to hang on to those leaves from year to year, rather than waste energy making a new set each spring. But by autumn, the crispy vegetation is pretty flammable. Spain appears to be prepared; it seemed like half the rock climbers I met were bomberos, or firefighters. However, climbers are probably drawn to this career not because they could potentially save their favorite climbing areas from fiery infernos, but because the hours (24 hours of work, 72 hours of weekend, repeat) facilitate frequent climbing trips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The similarity of climates at about 35 degrees latitude is not lost to the wine industry. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.thirtyfifty.co.uk/spotlight-sun-earth-wine.asp#Part3\">map of wine producing regions of the world\u003c/a> matches up almost exactly with a map of the Mediterranean climate regions. Growers can take advantage of the perfect conditions for growing grapes. And vacationers can take advantage of these conditions, too—I returned from my vacation relaxed, suntanned, and having tasted quite a few good wines. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.879329 -122.2463347\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Spain, in the Mediterranean Basin, is California’s climate cousin.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1307985323,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":687},"headData":{"title":"California's Climate Cousins | KQED","description":"Spain, in the Mediterranean Basin, is California’s climate cousin.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California's Climate Cousins","datePublished":"2011-06-13T17:15:23.000Z","dateModified":"2011-06-13T17:15:23.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"19242 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=15209","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/06/13/californias-climate-cousins/","disqusTitle":"California's Climate Cousins","path":"/quest/19242/californias-climate-cousins","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/ClimateCousinLg.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>Scrubby vegetation and vineyards: it may look like California, but it’s not. Photo: Jennifer Skene.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I just got back from a month-long rock climbing trip near Barcelona, Spain—and though I’d never been there before, the vegetation looked a bit familiar. Hiking around, my skin was constantly scratched by the stiff, sharp leaves of shrubby plants—similar to California’s chaparral. Lizards I almost recognized darted across dry patches of dirt. The weather was similar to California’s, too—being summer, it was hot and dry. This was no coincidence. Spain, in the Mediterranean Basin, is California’s climate cousin.\u003c!--more--> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On every continent except Antarctica, the west coasts share a similar climate, called the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_climate\">Mediterranean climate\u003c/a>. It is characterized by warm to hot summers with basically no rainfall, and winters that are short, mild, and wet. A world \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Medclim.png\">map\u003c/a> of Mediterranean climate regions shows that in addition to the Mediterranean Basin and the coast of California, the west coast of South America from Peru to Chile, the northwest part of Africa, parts of western and southern Australia, and parts of South Africa all share the Mediterranean climate. The sweet spot is at about 35 degrees latitude, both north and south. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate is a product of ocean currents and the up-and-down movement of air above Earth’s surface. In the northern hemisphere ocean currents swirl clockwise, and in the southern hemisphere ocean currents swirl counter-clockwise, thanks to Earth’s rotation and the resultant \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_36MiCUS1ro\">Coriolis Effect\u003c/a>. The direction of the currents means that water flowing along the west coast of all continents is cold, having recently come from the poles. Air follows the ocean currents, binging storms and precipitation in winter. In summer, the effect of the up-and-down movement of air in the atmosphere kicks in and influences climate. In summer, dry air sinks along the latitude band of about 30 degrees to 35 degrees. The dry sinking air prevents storms from moving in, and is largely responsible for Mediterranean regions’ summer droughts. Sinking and rising of air on Earth’s surface is due to the Sun’s uneven heating of Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those scratchy shrubs that plagued me throughout my vacation are the signature flora of Mediterranean climates. Drought-tolerant evergreen shrubs exist in every Mediterranean region. In fact, the word to describe California’s scrappy shrubs, chaparral, has \u003ca href=\"http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/chaparral\">Spanish origins\u003c/a>—chaparro (initially txapar in Basque) means dwarf evergreen oak. We now use the word chaparral to refer to the whole habitat type, not just the shrubs themselves. Elsewhere, this habitat type goes by other names. In the Mediterranean region, it is called \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maquis_shrubland\">maquis\u003c/a>; in South Africa, it is the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fynbos\">fynbos\u003c/a>; and in Australia, it’s called \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwongan\">kwongan\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These shrubs are not phased by the fact that Mediterranean summers are bone dry. They have evolved plenty of adaptations to drought: small, light-colored leaves that reflect sunlight, rather than absorb it; leaves that often point towards the sky, to minimize the amount of sunlight (and heat) they absorb; and the ability to hang on to those leaves from year to year, rather than waste energy making a new set each spring. But by autumn, the crispy vegetation is pretty flammable. Spain appears to be prepared; it seemed like half the rock climbers I met were bomberos, or firefighters. However, climbers are probably drawn to this career not because they could potentially save their favorite climbing areas from fiery infernos, but because the hours (24 hours of work, 72 hours of weekend, repeat) facilitate frequent climbing trips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The similarity of climates at about 35 degrees latitude is not lost to the wine industry. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.thirtyfifty.co.uk/spotlight-sun-earth-wine.asp#Part3\">map of wine producing regions of the world\u003c/a> matches up almost exactly with a map of the Mediterranean climate regions. Growers can take advantage of the perfect conditions for growing grapes. And vacationers can take advantage of these conditions, too—I returned from my vacation relaxed, suntanned, and having tasted quite a few good wines. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.879329 -122.2463347\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/19242/californias-climate-cousins","authors":["10200"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_551","quest_13195","quest_3650","quest_3651","quest_2038","quest_3075","quest_3171"],"featImg":"quest_15215","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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